{"work":{"slug":"aeneid","title":{"source":"Aeneis","translated":"The Aeneid"},"author":"Publius Vergilius Maro","language":"Latin","languageCode":"la","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":1,"id":"book-01","title":{"source":"Aeneidos I","translated":"Book 1. The Storm, and Carthage: Juno's Wrath and Dido's Welcome"},"section":"The Wanderings","summary":"Juno sends a storm, and the Trojans are wrecked on the coast of Carthage. Dido welcomes them. Venus makes her love Aeneas.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid/1","lines":756},"previous":null,"next":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid/2","license":"Source text: public domain (Vergil, Aeneid, ed. J. B. Greenough, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1900), as encoded in the Perseus Digital Library canonical-latinLit TEI, CC BY-SA 4.0. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC, line for line. Narration: read by Malone (LibriVox, 2012), public domain.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b1-l1","source":"Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris","translation":"Arms and the man I sing, who first from the shores of Troy","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"virumque","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"man","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"cano","lemma":"cano","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sing"},{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"primus","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"oris","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shores"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b1-l2","source":"Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit","translation":"came to Italy, an exile by fate, and to the Lavinian","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"fato","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"profugus","lemma":"profugus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fugitive"},{"surface":"Laviniaque","lemma":"lauinius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Lavinian","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"venit","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b1-l3","source":"litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto","translation":"shores: much buffeted, he, on land and on the deep","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"place","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"multum","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"terris","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"iactatus","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tossed"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"deep sea"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b1-l4","source":"vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;","translation":"by the violence of the gods above, for cruel Juno's unforgetting wrath;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"memorem","title":"An adjective agreeing with wrath","body":"memorem is the adjective memor, 'mindful, unforgetting,' accusative singular feminine. It agrees with iram, 'wrath,' not with Iunonis, the noun nearer to it. The line calls Juno's anger unforgetting rather than simply angry."}],"words":[{"surface":"vi","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"superum","lemma":"superus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods above"},{"surface":"saevae","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"memorem","lemma":"memor","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unforgetting, mindful"},{"surface":"Iunonis","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"ob","lemma":"ob","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on account of"},{"surface":"iram","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"wrath"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b1-l5","source":"multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,","translation":"and much he suffered in war as well, until he should found a city","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"many things"},{"surface":"quoque","lemma":"quoque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"passus","lemma":"patior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having suffered"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"conderet","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"founded"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b1-l6","source":"inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,","translation":"and bring his gods into Latium, whence the Latin race,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inferretque","lemma":"infero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"bring in","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"deos","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"Latio","lemma":"latium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"Latium"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"unde","lemma":"unde","morphology":"adverb","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"whence"},{"surface":"Latinum","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Latin"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b1-l7","source":"Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.","translation":"the fathers of Alba, and the walls of high Rome.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Albanique","lemma":"albanus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Alban","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"patres","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fathers"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"altae","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"Romae","lemma":"roma","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Rome"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b1-l8","source":"Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,","translation":"Muse, tell me the causes: what divine will was wounded,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Musa","lemma":"musa","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Muse"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"causas","lemma":"causa","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"causes"},{"surface":"memora","lemma":"memoro","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"numine","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"divine will"},{"surface":"laeso","lemma":"laedo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"wounded"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b1-l9","source":"quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus","translation":"or grieving at what, that the queen of the gods drove a man","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quidve","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what","note":"-ve attached: \"or.\""},{"surface":"dolens","lemma":"doleo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"deum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"volvere","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to undergo"},{"surface":"casus","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"misfortunes"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b1-l10","source":"insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores","translation":"renowned for duty to turn through so many disasters, to face","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pietate","title":"Ablative of respect with insignem","body":"pietate is the ablative singular of pietas, 'duty' owed to gods, father, and people together. It specifies in what respect Aeneas is insignem, 'renowned': renowned in respect of his duty. No single English word covers pietas, so it is rendered 'duty' throughout."}],"words":[{"surface":"insignem","lemma":"insignis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"renowned"},{"surface":"pietate","lemma":"pietas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"duty"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"adire","lemma":"adeo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to face"},{"surface":"labores","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hardships"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b1-l11","source":"impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?","translation":"so many labors. Is there such wrath in heavenly hearts?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?","title":"A verb of being left out","body":"Tantaene animis caelestibus irae has no verb; sunt, 'are there,' is understood. animis is dative of possession: literally 'are there such wraths to heavenly minds.' Latin can drop the verb of being when the sentence stays clear without it."}],"words":[{"surface":"impulerit","lemma":"impello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"drove on"},{"surface":"Tantaene","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"animis","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"caelestibus","lemma":"caelestis","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavenly"},{"surface":"irae","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"anger"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b1-l12","source":"Urbs antiqua fuit, Tyrii tenuere coloni,","translation":"There was an ancient city, held by settlers out of Tyre,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tenuere","title":"A shortened perfect ending","body":"tenuere is a syncopated third-person plural perfect, 'they held,' shortened from tenuerunt. Vergil uses this contracted -ere ending often, especially in narrative. Tyrii tenuere coloni means 'Tyrian settlers held it.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Urbs","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"antiqua","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Tyrii","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrian"},{"surface":"tenuere","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"coloni","lemma":"colonus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"settlers"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b1-l13","source":"Karthago, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe","translation":"Carthage, facing Italy and far off the Tiber's","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Karthago","lemma":"carthago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Carthage"},{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"Tiberinaque","lemma":"tiberinus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tiber","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b1-l14","source":"ostia, dives opum studiisque asperrima belli;","translation":"mouths, rich in wealth and fiercest in the pursuits of war;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ostia","lemma":"ostium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"mouths"},{"surface":"dives","lemma":"diues","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"opum","lemma":"ops","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"studiisque","lemma":"studium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"pursuits","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"asperrima","lemma":"asper","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"fiercest"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b1-l15","source":"quam Iuno fertur terris magis omnibus unam","translation":"which Juno is said to have cherished above all other lands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"fertur","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is said"},{"surface":"terris","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"magis","lemma":"magis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"omnibus","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"unam","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b1-l16","source":"posthabita coluisse Samo; hic illius arma,","translation":"Samos itself set second. Here were her arms,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"posthabita Samo","title":"An ablative absolute construction","body":"posthabita Samo is an ablative absolute, a noun and participle standing free of the main clause: literally 'Samos having been put second.' Latin often uses this construction where English needs a full clause. It appears throughout the poem for background action."}],"words":[{"surface":"posthabita","lemma":"posthabeo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"put second"},{"surface":"coluisse","lemma":"colo","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to have cherished"},{"surface":"Samo","lemma":"samos","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Samos"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"illius","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"arms"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b1-l17","source":"hic currus fuit; hoc regnum dea gentibus esse,","translation":"here her chariot; that this should be the kingdom of the nations,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"currus","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"regnum","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"kingdom"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"gentibus","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"nations"},{"surface":"esse","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b1-l18","source":"si qua fata sinant, iam tum tenditque fovetque.","translation":"if in any way the fates allowed, even then she strove and nursed the hope.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"sinant","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"allow"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"tenditque","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strives","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"fovetque","lemma":"foueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cherishes","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b1-l19","source":"Progeniem sed enim Troiano a sanguine duci","translation":"But she had heard that a stock was being drawn from Trojan blood","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Progeniem","lemma":"progenies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"stock"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Troiano","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"duci","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be drawn"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b1-l20","source":"audierat, Tyrias olim quae verteret arces;","translation":"to overturn the Tyrian citadels one day;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"audierat","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had heard"},{"surface":"Tyrias","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrian"},{"surface":"olim","lemma":"olim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"one day"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"verteret","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"would overturn"},{"surface":"arces","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"citadels"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b1-l21","source":"hinc populum late regem belloque superbum","translation":"that from it a people ruling far and wide, and proud in war,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"populum","lemma":"populus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"late","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far and wide"},{"surface":"regem","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"ruler"},{"surface":"belloque","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"superbum","lemma":"superbus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b1-l22","source":"venturum excidio Libyae: sic volvere Parcas.","translation":"would come for Libya's ruin: so the Fates were spinning it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"venturum","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, future active accusative singular masculine","role":"infinitive","gloss":"about to come"},{"surface":"excidio","lemma":"excidium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"purpose","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"Libyae","lemma":"libya","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Libya"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"volvere","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"were unwinding"},{"surface":"Parcas","lemma":"parca","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Fates"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b1-l23","source":"Id metuens, veterisque memor Saturnia belli,","translation":"Fearing that, and remembering the old war, Saturn's daughter,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Id","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"metuens","lemma":"metuo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"veterisque","lemma":"uetus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"old","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"memor","lemma":"memor","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mindful"},{"surface":"Saturnia","lemma":"saturnius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Saturn's daughter"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b1-l24","source":"prima quod ad Troiam pro caris gesserat Argis—","translation":"which she had waged at Troy long since for her beloved Argos.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Troiam","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"caris","lemma":"carus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"gesserat","lemma":"gero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"waged"},{"surface":"Argis","lemma":"argi","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Argos"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b1-l25","source":"necdum etiam causae irarum saevique dolores","translation":"nor had the causes of her wrath and her cruel griefs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"necdum","lemma":"necdum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor yet"},{"surface":"etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"causae","lemma":"causa","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"causes"},{"surface":"irarum","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"angers"},{"surface":"saevique","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cruel","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"dolores","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"griefs"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b1-l26","source":"exciderant animo: manet alta mente repostum","translation":"fallen yet from her mind: there stays, stored deep,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exciderant","lemma":"excido","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had fallen"},{"surface":"animo","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"manet","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"repostum","lemma":"repono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"stored"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b1-l27","source":"iudicium Paridis spretaeque iniuria formae,","translation":"the judgment of Paris, and the insult to her beauty scorned,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iudicium","lemma":"iudicium","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"judgment"},{"surface":"Paridis","lemma":"paris","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"spretaeque","lemma":"sperno","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been scorned","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"iniuria","lemma":"iniuria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"insult"},{"surface":"formae","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"beauty"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b1-l28","source":"et genus invisum, et rapti Ganymedis honores.","translation":"and the hated race, and the honors of Ganymede carried off.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"invisum","lemma":"inuisus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"hated"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rapti","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"carried off"},{"surface":"Ganymedis","lemma":"ganymedes","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Ganymede"},{"surface":"honores","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"honors"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b1-l29","source":"His accensa super, iactatos aequore toto","translation":"Inflamed by these on top of all that, the Trojans, tossed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"His","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"accensa","lemma":"accendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"inflamed"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"iactatos","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tossed"},{"surface":"aequore","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"toto","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b1-l30","source":"Troas, reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli,","translation":"over the whole sea, the leavings of the Danaans and of merciless","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l30.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"reliquias Danaum","title":"What is left after use","body":"reliquiae is a plural noun for what remains once something is used up; reliquias here is accusative plural with Danaum, 'of the Danaans.' It labels the surviving Trojans as remnants of a defeat rather than simply refugees. Danaum is the archaic genitive plural of Danai, 'Greeks.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Troas","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"reliquias","lemma":"reliquiae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"remnants"},{"surface":"Danaum","lemma":"danai","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"immitis","lemma":"immitis","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"merciless"},{"surface":"Achilli","lemma":"achilles","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b1-l31","source":"arcebat longe Latio, multosque per annos","translation":"Achilles, she kept far from Latium; and for many years","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arcebat","lemma":"arceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept away"},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"Latio","lemma":"latium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"Latium"},{"surface":"multosque","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"many","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"annos","lemma":"annus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b1-l32","source":"errabant, acti fatis, maria omnia circum.","translation":"they wandered, driven by the fates, around every sea.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"errabant","lemma":"erro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wandered"},{"surface":"acti","lemma":"ago","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been driven"},{"surface":"fatis","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"maria","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"seas"},{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b1-l33","source":"Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem!","translation":"So vast a labor it was to found the Roman race!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l33.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tantae molis erat","title":"Genitive describing weight or cost","body":"Tantae molis is a genitive of quality describing erat, 'it was': literally 'it was of so great a mass.' Latin can state a quality by putting it in the genitive rather than using an adjective. The phrase gives the effort of founding Rome as a matter of weight."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tantae","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"molis","lemma":"moles","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"task, effort"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Romanam","lemma":"romanus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Roman"},{"surface":"condere","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to found"},{"surface":"gentem","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"race"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b1-l34","source":"Vix e conspectu Siculae telluris in altum","translation":"Scarcely out of sight of Sicily's land they were setting sail","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vix","lemma":"uix","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"scarcely"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"conspectu","lemma":"conspectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"Siculae","lemma":"siculus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Sicilian"},{"surface":"telluris","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"altum","lemma":"altus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the deep"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b1-l35","source":"vela dabant laeti, et spumas salis aere ruebant,","translation":"gladly for the deep, driving the salt foam with bronze,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vela","lemma":"uelum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"dabant","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were setting"},{"surface":"laeti","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"spumas","lemma":"spuma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"foam"},{"surface":"salis","lemma":"sal","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"salt"},{"surface":"aere","lemma":"aes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ruebant","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"churned"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b1-l36","source":"cum Iuno, aeternum servans sub pectore volnus,","translation":"when Juno, keeping the everlasting wound beneath her breast,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"aeternum","lemma":"aeternus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"everlasting"},{"surface":"servans","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"keeping safe"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"volnus","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wound"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b1-l37","source":"haec secum: “Mene incepto desistere victam,","translation":"said this to herself: “Am I to give up what I began, beaten,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l37.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Mene incepto desistere","title":"A question with no governing verb","body":"Mene incepto desistere is an accusative-and-infinitive question with no verb of speaking to govern it: 'am I to give up what I began?' Latin can use this bare construction alone for an outraged question. -ne on Mene marks it as a question."}],"words":[{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with herself"},{"surface":"Mene","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"I","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"incepto","lemma":"inceptum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"undertaking"},{"surface":"desistere","lemma":"desisto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to give up"},{"surface":"victam","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beaten"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b1-l38","source":"nec posse Italia Teucrorum avertere regem?","translation":"and unable to turn the king of the Teucrians away from Italy?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"posse","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be able"},{"surface":"Italia","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"Teucrorum","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"avertere","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to turn away"},{"surface":"regem","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b1-l39","source":"Quippe vetor fatis. Pallasne exurere classem","translation":"The fates forbid me, of course. Could Pallas burn the fleet","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quippe","lemma":"quippe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"vetor","lemma":"ueto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"am forbidden"},{"surface":"fatis","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"Pallasne","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"exurere","lemma":"exuro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to burn out"},{"surface":"classem","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b1-l40","source":"Argivum atque ipsos potuit submergere ponto,","translation":"of the Argives and drown the men themselves in the sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Argivum","lemma":"argiuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ipsos","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"potuit","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was able"},{"surface":"submergere","lemma":"summergo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to plunge under"},{"surface":"ponto","lemma":"pontus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b1-l41","source":"unius ob noxam et furias Aiacis Oilei?","translation":"for the crime and the madness of one man, Ajax son of Oileus?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"unius","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ob","lemma":"ob","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on account of"},{"surface":"noxam","lemma":"noxa","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"furias","lemma":"furia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"madness"},{"surface":"Aiacis","lemma":"aiax","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"Oilei","lemma":"oileus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"son of Oileus"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b1-l42","source":"Ipsa, Iovis rapidum iaculata e nubibus ignem,","translation":"She herself hurled Jove's swift fire from the clouds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"Iovis","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Jove"},{"surface":"rapidum","lemma":"rapidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"iaculata","lemma":"iaculor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having hurled"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"nubibus","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"ignem","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b1-l43","source":"disiecitque rates evertitque aequora ventis,","translation":"scattered the ships and overturned the seas with winds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"disiecitque","lemma":"disicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"rates","lemma":"ratis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"evertitque","lemma":"euerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"overturned","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"seas"},{"surface":"ventis","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b1-l44","source":"illum expirantem transfixo pectore flammas","translation":"and him, breathing out flames from his transfixed chest,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"illum","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"expirantem","lemma":"exspiro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"breathing out"},{"surface":"transfixo","lemma":"transfigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"transfixed"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"flammas","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"flames"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b1-l45","source":"turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto.","translation":"she caught up in a whirlwind and impaled on a sharp rock.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"turbine","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"whirlwind"},{"surface":"corripuit","lemma":"corripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught up"},{"surface":"scopuloque","lemma":"scopulus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"rock","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"infixit","lemma":"infigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"impaled"},{"surface":"acuto","lemma":"acutus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b1-l46","source":"Ast ego, quae divom incedo regina, Iovisque","translation":"But I, who walk as queen of the gods, and of Jove","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l46.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"divom","title":"An archaic genitive plural ending","body":"divom is an old genitive plural, shortened from divorum, 'of the gods.' Vergil keeps such archaic endings for weight and to fit the metre. It is a deliberate antique spelling, not an error."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ast","lemma":"ast","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"incedo","lemma":"incedo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"walk"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"Iovisque","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Jove","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b1-l47","source":"et soror et coniunx, una cum gente tot annos","translation":"both sister and wife, wage war so many years","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"coniunx","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"annos","lemma":"annus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b1-l48","source":"bella gero! Et quisquam numen Iunonis adoret","translation":"against one race! And will anyone worship Juno's power","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"gero","lemma":"gero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wage"},{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quisquam","lemma":"quisquam","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"numen","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"Iunonis","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"adoret","lemma":"adoro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"worship"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b1-l49","source":"praeterea, aut supplex aris imponet honorem?”","translation":"after this, or lay an offering on her altars as a suppliant?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praeterea","lemma":"praeterea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"supplex","lemma":"supplex","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"suppliant"},{"surface":"aris","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"altars"},{"surface":"imponet","lemma":"impono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will place upon"},{"surface":"honorem","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"offering"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b1-l50","source":"Talia flammato secum dea corde volutans","translation":"Turning such things over in her kindled heart, the goddess","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"flammato","lemma":"flammo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"kindled"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with herself"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"corde","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"volutans","lemma":"uoluto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"turning over"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b1-l51","source":"nimborum in patriam, loca feta furentibus austris,","translation":"came into the homeland of storm clouds, a land teeming with raging south winds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nimborum","lemma":"nimbus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"storm cloud"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"patriam","lemma":"patria","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"homeland"},{"surface":"loca","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"feta","lemma":"fetus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"teeming"},{"surface":"furentibus","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raging"},{"surface":"austris","lemma":"auster","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"south winds"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b1-l52","source":"Aeoliam venit. Hic vasto rex Aeolus antro","translation":"came to Aeolia. Here in a huge cavern king Aeolus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeoliam","lemma":"aeolia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"Aeolia"},{"surface":"venit","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"vasto","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"Aeolus","lemma":"aeolus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeolus"},{"surface":"antro","lemma":"antrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"cave"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b1-l53","source":"luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras","translation":"presses down the struggling winds and the roaring storms","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"luctantes","lemma":"luctor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"struggling"},{"surface":"ventos","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"tempestatesque","lemma":"tempestas","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"storms","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"sonoras","lemma":"sonorus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"roaring"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b1-l54","source":"imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat.","translation":"with his command, and curbs them with chains and prison.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"imperio","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"premit","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vinclis","lemma":"uinclum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chains"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"carcere","lemma":"carcer","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"prison"},{"surface":"frenat","lemma":"freno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"curbs"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b1-l55","source":"Illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis","translation":"They, resentful, with a great rumbling of the mountain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"indignantes","lemma":"indignor","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"resentful"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"murmure","lemma":"murmur","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"rumbling"},{"surface":"montis","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mountain"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b1-l56","source":"circum claustra fremunt; celsa sedet Aeolus arce","translation":"roar around their bars; Aeolus sits in his high citadel","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"claustra","lemma":"claustra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"bars"},{"surface":"fremunt","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"celsa","lemma":"celsus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lofty"},{"surface":"sedet","lemma":"sedeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sits"},{"surface":"Aeolus","lemma":"aeolus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeolus"},{"surface":"arce","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b1-l57","source":"sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras.","translation":"holding his scepter, and softens their spirits and tempers their rages.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sceptra","lemma":"sceptrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"scepters"},{"surface":"tenens","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"mollitque","lemma":"mollio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"softens","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"spirits"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"temperat","lemma":"tempero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tempers"},{"surface":"iras","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"rages"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b1-l58","source":"Ni faciat, maria ac terras caelumque profundum","translation":"Did he not, they would surely carry seas and lands","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l58.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ni faciat ... ferant","title":"Present subjunctive for an unreal case","body":"faciat and ferant are present subjunctives forming a condition contrary to fact in present time: 'were he not to do it, they would carry off.' Latin marks the whole supposition in the mood, with no separate word for 'would.' Ni here means 'if not.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if not"},{"surface":"faciat","lemma":"facio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"were to do"},{"surface":"maria","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"seas"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"caelumque","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sky","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"profundum","lemma":"profundus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b1-l59","source":"quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras.","translation":"and the deep sky away with them in their rush, and sweep them through the air.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quippe","lemma":"quippe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ferant","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"rapidi","lemma":"rapidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"verrantque","lemma":"uerro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sweep clean","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"breezes"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b1-l60","source":"Sed pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit atris,","translation":"But the all-powerful father hid them in black caverns,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"omnipotens","lemma":"omnipotens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all-powerful"},{"surface":"speluncis","lemma":"spelunca","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"caverns"},{"surface":"abdidit","lemma":"abdo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hid"},{"surface":"atris","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b1-l61","source":"hoc metuens, molemque et montis insuper altos","translation":"fearing this, and laid a mass of high mountains over them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"metuens","lemma":"metuo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"molemque","lemma":"moles","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"large mass","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"montis","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"insuper","lemma":"insuper","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on top"},{"surface":"altos","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b1-l62","source":"imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo","translation":"and gave them a king who, by a fixed covenant,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"imposuit","lemma":"impono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed upon"},{"surface":"regemque","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"king","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"foedere","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"covenant"},{"surface":"certo","lemma":"certus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fixed"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b1-l63","source":"et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.","translation":"would know how to tighten and, when ordered, to give loose rein.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"premere","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to tighten"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"laxas","lemma":"laxus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"loose"},{"surface":"sciret","lemma":"scio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"would know how"},{"surface":"dare","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"iussus","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been ordered"},{"surface":"habenas","lemma":"habena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"reins"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b1-l64","source":"Ad quem tum Iuno supplex his vocibus usa est:","translation":"To him Juno then, a suppliant, used these words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"supplex","lemma":"supplex","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"suppliant"},{"surface":"his","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"vocibus","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"usa","lemma":"utor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"used"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b1-l65","source":"“Aeole, namque tibi divom pater atque hominum rex","translation":"“Aeolus, for to you the father of gods and king of men","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeole","lemma":"aeolus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Aeolus"},{"surface":"namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hominum","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b1-l66","source":"et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere vento,","translation":"has given both to calm the waves and to lift them with wind,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"mulcere","lemma":"mulceo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to calm"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has given"},{"surface":"fluctus","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tollere","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to lift"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wind"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b1-l67","source":"gens inimica mihi Tyrrhenum navigat aequor,","translation":"a race hateful to me sails the Tyrrhenian sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"gens","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"inimica","lemma":"inimicus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Tyrrhenum","lemma":"tyrrhenus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrrhenian"},{"surface":"navigat","lemma":"nauigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"aequor","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b1-l68","source":"Ilium in Italiam portans victosque Penates:","translation":"carrying Ilium into Italy, and its conquered household gods:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ilium","lemma":"ilium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"Ilium"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"portans","lemma":"porto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"victosque","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"conquered","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Penates","lemma":"penates","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"household gods"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b1-l69","source":"incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes,","translation":"strike force into the winds, sink the ships and overwhelm them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incute","lemma":"incutio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"strike on or against"},{"surface":"vim","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"ventis","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"submersasque","lemma":"summergo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sunk","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"obrue","lemma":"obruo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"overwhelm"},{"surface":"puppes","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b1-l70","source":"aut age diversos et disiice corpora ponto.","translation":"or drive them apart and scatter their bodies over the sea.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"age","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"diversos","lemma":"diuersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"disiice","lemma":"disicio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"scatter"},{"surface":"corpora","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"ponto","lemma":"pontus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b1-l71","source":"Sunt mihi bis septem praestanti corpore nymphae,","translation":"I have twice seven nymphs of outstanding form,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l71.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bis septem","title":"Multiplying instead of naming a number","body":"bis septem, 'twice seven,' is Latin verse's way of giving a number by multiplying rather than naming it directly: fourteen nymphs. Poets prefer this form because it fills the line more fully than a plain numeral."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"twice"},{"surface":"septem","lemma":"septem","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"praestanti","lemma":"praesto","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"outstanding"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"nymphae","lemma":"nympha","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"nymph"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b1-l72","source":"quarum quae forma pulcherrima Deiopea,","translation":"and the loveliest of them in beauty, Deiopea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quarum","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"beauty"},{"surface":"pulcherrima","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"predicate","gloss":"loveliest"},{"surface":"Deiopea","lemma":"deiopea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Deiopea"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b1-l73","source":"conubio iungam stabili propriamque dicabo,","translation":"I will join to you in lasting marriage and name your own,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conubio","lemma":"conubium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"iungam","lemma":"iungo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will join"},{"surface":"stabili","lemma":"stabilis","morphology":"adjective, dative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"lasting"},{"surface":"propriamque","lemma":"proprius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"your own","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"dicabo","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will dedicate"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b1-l74","source":"omnis ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos","translation":"so that for such services she may live out all her years","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"tecum","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by you"},{"surface":"meritis","lemma":"meritum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"services"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"annos","lemma":"annus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b1-l75","source":"exigat, et pulchra faciat te prole parentem.”","translation":"with you, and make you the father of beautiful children.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exigat","lemma":"exigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"may live out"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pulchra","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"faciat","lemma":"facio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"may make"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"by you"},{"surface":"prole","lemma":"proles","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"parentem","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b1-l76","source":"Aeolus haec contra: “Tuus, O regina, quid optes","translation":"Aeolus answered this: “Your task, queen, is to search out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeolus","lemma":"aeolus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeolus"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"Tuus","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"optes","lemma":"opto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"wish for"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b1-l77","source":"explorare labor; mihi iussa capessere fas est.","translation":"what you wish; for me it is right to take up the orders.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"explorare","lemma":"exploro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to find out"},{"surface":"labor","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"task"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"iussa","lemma":"iussum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"orders"},{"surface":"capessere","lemma":"capesso","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to take up"},{"surface":"fas","lemma":"fas","morphology":"noun, indeclinable","role":"predicate","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b1-l78","source":"Tu mihi, quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra Iovemque","translation":"You win me this kingdom, such as it is, you win me the scepter","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"quodcumque","lemma":"quicumque","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"regni","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"kingdom"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sceptra","lemma":"sceptrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"scepters"},{"surface":"Iovemque","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Jove","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b1-l79","source":"concilias, tu das epulis accumbere divom,","translation":"and Jove's favor, you give me a place at the feasts of the gods,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"concilias","lemma":"concilio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"win"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"epulis","lemma":"epulae","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"feasts"},{"surface":"accumbere","lemma":"accumbo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to recline"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b1-l80","source":"nimborumque facis tempestatumque potentem.”","translation":"and you make me lord of the storm clouds and the tempests.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nimborumque","lemma":"nimbus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"storm cloud","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"facis","lemma":"facio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"tempestatumque","lemma":"tempestas","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"tempests","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"potentem","lemma":"potens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"lord, master"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b1-l81","source":"Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversa cuspide montem","translation":"When this was said, he turned his spear and drove it into the side","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dico","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"cavum","lemma":"cauus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"conversa","lemma":"conuerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having turned around"},{"surface":"cuspide","lemma":"cuspis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"montem","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"mountain"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b1-l82","source":"impulit in latus: ac venti, velut agmine facto,","translation":"of the hollow mountain: and the winds, as if in column formed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"impulit","lemma":"impello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"latus","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"venti","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"velut","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"agmine","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"facto","lemma":"facio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"formed"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b1-l83","source":"qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant.","translation":"rush where a gate is given, and blast the lands with whirlwind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"data","lemma":"do","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"having been given"},{"surface":"porta","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"ruunt","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rush"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"turbine","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"whirlwind"},{"surface":"perflant","lemma":"perflo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"blow through or over"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b1-l84","source":"Incubuere mari, totumque a sedibus imis","translation":"They fell upon the sea, and from its lowest depths they heave","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Incubuere","lemma":"incumbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell upon"},{"surface":"mari","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"totumque","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sedibus","lemma":"sedes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"imis","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lowest"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b1-l85","source":"una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis","translation":"the whole of it up, East Wind and South together, and the Southwester","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"una","lemma":"una","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"Eurusque","lemma":"eurus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"East Wind"},{"surface":"Notusque","lemma":"notus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the South Wind"},{"surface":"ruunt","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stir up"},{"surface":"creberque","lemma":"creber","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thick","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"procellis","lemma":"procella","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"squalls"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b1-l86","source":"Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus.","translation":"thick with squalls, and roll huge waves toward the shores.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Africus","lemma":"africus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Southwest Wind"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vastos","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"volvunt","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"roll"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"fluctus","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"waves"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b1-l87","source":"Insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum.","translation":"There follows the shouting of men and the shrieking of ropes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Insequitur","lemma":"insequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows"},{"surface":"clamorque","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shout","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"stridorque","lemma":"stridor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shrieking","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"rudentum","lemma":"rudens","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"ropes"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b1-l88","source":"Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque","translation":"All at once the clouds tear the sky and the daylight away","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eripiunt","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"snatch away"},{"surface":"subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"nubes","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"caelumque","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"diemque","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"daylight","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b1-l89","source":"Teucrorum ex oculis; ponto nox incubat atra.","translation":"from the eyes of the Teucrians; black night settles on the sea.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Teucrorum","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ponto","lemma":"pontus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"nox","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"incubat","lemma":"incubo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"settles"},{"surface":"atra","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b1-l90","source":"Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether,","translation":"The heavens thundered, and the upper air flashes with crowding fires,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Intonuere","lemma":"intono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"thundered out"},{"surface":"poli","lemma":"polus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"heavens"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"crebris","lemma":"creber","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"crowding"},{"surface":"micat","lemma":"mico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flashes"},{"surface":"ignibus","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"aether","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"upper air"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b1-l91","source":"praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.","translation":"and everything threatens the men with death at hand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praesentemque","lemma":"praesens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"at hand","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"viris","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"intentant","lemma":"intento","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"threaten"},{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"mortem","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b1-l92","source":"Extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra:","translation":"At once Aeneas' limbs go slack with cold:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Extemplo","lemma":"extemplo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"solvuntur","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"go slack"},{"surface":"frigore","lemma":"frigus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"membra","lemma":"membrum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b1-l93","source":"ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas","translation":"he groans, and stretching both palms toward the stars","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ingemit","lemma":"ingemo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"groans"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"duplicis","lemma":"duplex","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"tendens","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stretching"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"palmas","lemma":"palma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"palms"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b1-l94","source":"talia voce refert: “O terque quaterque beati,","translation":"he says this aloud: “Three times and four times blessed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"refert","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"terque","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"quaterque","lemma":"quater","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"four times"},{"surface":"beati","lemma":"beatus","morphology":"adjective, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"blessed"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b1-l95","source":"quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis","translation":"those to whom it fell, before their fathers' faces, under the high walls","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quis","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"patrum","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"fathers"},{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"moenibus","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"altis","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b1-l96","source":"contigit oppetere! O Danaum fortissime gentis","translation":"of Troy, to meet their death! O bravest of the Danaan race,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"contigit","lemma":"contingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell to"},{"surface":"oppetere","lemma":"oppeto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"Danaum","lemma":"danai","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"fortissime","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine, superlative","role":"address","gloss":"bravest"},{"surface":"gentis","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"race"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b1-l97","source":"Tydide! Mene Iliacis occumbere campis","translation":"son of Tydeus! Could I not have gone down on the plains of Ilium","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tydide","lemma":"tydides","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"Mene","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"I","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"Iliacis","lemma":"iliacus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Ilium"},{"surface":"occumbere","lemma":"occumbo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to fall in death"},{"surface":"campis","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"plains"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b1-l98","source":"non potuisse, tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,","translation":"and poured out this life by your right hand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"potuisse","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be able"},{"surface":"tuaque","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"animam","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"effundere","lemma":"effundo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to pour out"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b1-l99","source":"saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens","translation":"where fierce Hector lies by the spear of Aeacus' son, where huge","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"saevus","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"Aeacidae","lemma":"aeacides","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"son of Aeacus"},{"surface":"telo","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"iacet","lemma":"iaceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"Hector","lemma":"hector","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b1-l100","source":"Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis","translation":"Sarpedon lies, where the Simois has caught up and rolls under its waves","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sarpedon","lemma":"sarpedon","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"Simois","lemma":"simois","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Simois"},{"surface":"correpta","lemma":"corripio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"swept up"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"waves"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b1-l101","source":"scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?”","translation":"so many shields of men, and helmets, and strong bodies?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"scuta","lemma":"scutum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"galeasque","lemma":"galea","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"helmets"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fortia","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"corpora","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"volvit","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"rolls"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b1-l102","source":"Talia iactanti stridens Aquilone procella","translation":"As he flung out such words, a squall shrieking out of the North","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"iactanti","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"flinging out"},{"surface":"stridens","lemma":"strideo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shrieking"},{"surface":"Aquilone","lemma":"aquilo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"north wind"},{"surface":"procella","lemma":"procella","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"squall"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b1-l103","source":"velum adversa ferit, fluctusque ad sidera tollit.","translation":"struck the sail head-on, and lifted the waves to the stars.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"velum","lemma":"uelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sail"},{"surface":"adversa","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"head-on"},{"surface":"ferit","lemma":"ferio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"fluctusque","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"waves","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"tollit","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifts"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b1-l104","source":"Franguntur remi; tum prora avertit, et undis","translation":"The oars are broken; then the prow swings away and gives the side","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Franguntur","lemma":"frango","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are broken"},{"surface":"remi","lemma":"remus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"oars"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"prora","lemma":"prora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"prow"},{"surface":"avertit","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turns away"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"waves"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b1-l105","source":"dat latus; insequitur cumulo praeruptus aquae mons.","translation":"to the water; a sheer mountain of sea comes on in a heap.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l105.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"praeruptus aquae mons","title":"An adjective for a sheer drop","body":"praeruptus, 'broken off sheer,' is the word for a cliff face, here describing mons, 'mountain,' nominative singular masculine. The wave is called a mountain outright, insequitur ... mons, not compared to one with 'like' or 'as.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"latus","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"insequitur","lemma":"insequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows"},{"surface":"cumulo","lemma":"cumulus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"heap"},{"surface":"praeruptus","lemma":"praeruptus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"aquae","lemma":"aqua","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"mons","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"mountain"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b1-l106","source":"Hi summo in fluctu pendent; his unda dehiscens","translation":"Some hang on the wave's crest; for others the water gapes open","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hi","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"summo","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"topmost"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"fluctu","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"pendent","lemma":"pendeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hang"},{"surface":"his","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for others"},{"surface":"unda","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"dehiscens","lemma":"dehisco","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gaping"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b1-l107","source":"terram inter fluctus aperit; furit aestus harenis.","translation":"and shows the ground between the waves; the surge rages with sand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terram","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"fluctus","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"aperit","lemma":"aperio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"reveals"},{"surface":"furit","lemma":"furo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"aestus","lemma":"aestus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"surge"},{"surface":"harenis","lemma":"harena","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sand"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b1-l108","source":"Tris Notus abreptas in saxa latentia torquet—","translation":"Three ships the South Wind snatches and hurls onto hidden rocks:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tris","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"Notus","lemma":"notus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"South Wind"},{"surface":"abreptas","lemma":"abripio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"snatched away"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"saxa","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"latentia","lemma":"lateo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"lying hidden"},{"surface":"torquet","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurls"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b1-l109","source":"saxa vocant Itali mediis quae in fluctibus aras—","translation":"rocks in mid-sea that the Italians call the Altars,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"saxa","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"vocant","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"Itali","lemma":"italus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Italian"},{"surface":"mediis","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mid"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fluctibus","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"aras","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"altars"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b1-l110","source":"dorsum immane mari summo; tris Eurus ab alto","translation":"a vast ridge at the surface; three the East Wind drives from the deep","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dorsum","lemma":"dorsum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"ridge"},{"surface":"immane","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"mari","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"summo","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"surface"},{"surface":"tris","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"Eurus","lemma":"eurus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"east wind"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the deep"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b1-l111","source":"in brevia et Syrtis urguet, miserabile visu,","translation":"onto shoals and the Syrtes, a pitiful thing to watch,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"brevia","lemma":"breuis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shoals"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Syrtis","lemma":"syrtis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Syrtes"},{"surface":"urguet","lemma":"urgeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"miserabile","lemma":"miserabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"pitiful"},{"surface":"visu","lemma":"uisus","morphology":"supine, ablative","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to see"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b1-l112","source":"inliditque vadis atque aggere cingit harenae.","translation":"dashes them on the shallows and rings them with a bank of sand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inliditque","lemma":"illido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"dashes","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"vadis","lemma":"uadum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"shallows"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aggere","lemma":"agger","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bank"},{"surface":"cingit","lemma":"cingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rings"},{"surface":"harenae","lemma":"harena","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"sand"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b1-l113","source":"Unam, quae Lycios fidumque vehebat Oronten,","translation":"One ship, which was carrying the Lycians and faithful Orontes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Unam","lemma":"unus","morphology":"numeral, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Lycios","lemma":"lycius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Lycians"},{"surface":"fidumque","lemma":"fidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"vehebat","lemma":"ueho","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was carrying"},{"surface":"Oronten","lemma":"orontes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Orontes"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b1-l114","source":"ipsius ante oculos ingens a vertice pontus","translation":"before his very eyes a huge sea strikes from overhead","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ipsius","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"top"},{"surface":"pontus","lemma":"pontus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b1-l115","source":"in puppim ferit: excutitur pronusque magister","translation":"full on the stern: the steersman is shaken loose and pitched","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"puppim","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"ferit","lemma":"ferio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"excutitur","lemma":"excutio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is shaken off"},{"surface":"pronusque","lemma":"pronus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"headlong","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"magister","lemma":"magister","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"steersman"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b1-l116","source":"volvitur in caput; ast illam ter fluctus ibidem","translation":"head first; but the wave twists that hull three times","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"volvitur","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is pitched"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ast","lemma":"ast","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"illam","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ter","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"fluctus","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"ibidem","lemma":"ibidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in that very place"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b1-l117","source":"torquet agens circum, et rapidus vorat aequore vortex.","translation":"in the same place, and a quick whirlpool swallows it in the sea.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"torquet","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"twists"},{"surface":"agens","lemma":"ago","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driving"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rapidus","lemma":"rapidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quick"},{"surface":"vorat","lemma":"uoro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"swallows"},{"surface":"aequore","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"vortex","lemma":"uortex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"whirlpool"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b1-l118","source":"Adparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto,","translation":"Here and there a few appear, swimming in the vast swell,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Adparent","lemma":"appareo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"appear"},{"surface":"rari","lemma":"rarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"here and there"},{"surface":"nantes","lemma":"nato","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"swimmers"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gurgite","lemma":"gurges","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"swell"},{"surface":"vasto","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"vast"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b1-l119","source":"arma virum, tabulaeque, et Troia gaza per undas.","translation":"and weapons of men, and planks, and Trojan treasure through the water.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l119.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"arma virum","title":"The poem's opening words return","body":"arma virum, 'arms of men,' repeats the Aeneid's opening two words. virum is the old genitive plural of vir, 'man,' matching that line's grammar. Here the phrase names debris floating in the wreck, the identical words used at line 1."}],"words":[{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"tabulaeque","lemma":"tabula","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"planks"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Troia","lemma":"troius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"gaza","lemma":"gaza","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"treasure"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"undas","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b1-l120","source":"Iam validam Ilionei navem, iam fortis Achati,","translation":"Now the strong ship of Ilioneus, now brave Achates',","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"validam","lemma":"ualidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"Ilionei","lemma":"ilioneus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Ilioneus"},{"surface":"navem","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"fortis","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Achati","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b1-l121","source":"et qua vectus Abas, et qua grandaevus Aletes,","translation":"and the one Abas sailed in, and the one aged Aletes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"vectus","lemma":"ueho","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sailed"},{"surface":"Abas","lemma":"abas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Abas"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"grandaevus","lemma":"grandaeuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"aged"},{"surface":"Aletes","lemma":"aletes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aletes"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b1-l122","source":"vicit hiems; laxis laterum compagibus omnes","translation":"the storm has beaten; with the joints of their sides sprung, every one","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vicit","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has beaten"},{"surface":"hiems","lemma":"hiems","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"laxis","lemma":"laxus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sprung"},{"surface":"laterum","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sides"},{"surface":"compagibus","lemma":"compages","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"joints"},{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b1-l123","source":"accipiunt inimicum imbrem, rimisque fatiscunt.","translation":"takes in the water it fought, and gapes open at the seams.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"accipiunt","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"take in"},{"surface":"inimicum","lemma":"inimicus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"imbrem","lemma":"imber","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"rimisque","lemma":"rima","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"seams","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"fatiscunt","lemma":"fatisco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gape"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b1-l124","source":"Interea magno misceri murmure pontum,","translation":"Meanwhile Neptune felt the sea being churned with a great rumble,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l124.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"misceri ... sensit","title":"Infinitive after a verb of feeling","body":"misceri is a present passive infinitive, 'to be stirred,' with pontum as its accusative subject, after sensit, 'he felt.' Latin reports what is perceived with an accusative-and-infinitive clause: literally 'felt the sea to be being stirred.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"misceri","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be churned"},{"surface":"murmure","lemma":"murmur","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rumble"},{"surface":"pontum","lemma":"pontus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b1-l125","source":"emissamque hiemem sensit Neptunus, et imis","translation":"the storm let loose, and the still water flung back from its","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"emissamque","lemma":"emitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been let loose","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"hiemem","lemma":"hiems","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"sensit","lemma":"sentio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"Neptunus","lemma":"neptunus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Neptune"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"imis","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"lowest"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b1-l126","source":"stagna refusa vadis, graviter commotus; et alto","translation":"lowest bed, heavily shaken; and gazing out over the deep","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"stagna","lemma":"stagnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"still waters"},{"surface":"refusa","lemma":"refundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"flung back"},{"surface":"vadis","lemma":"uadum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shallows"},{"surface":"graviter","lemma":"grauiter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"commotus","lemma":"commoueo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaken"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"the deep"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b1-l127","source":"prospiciens, summa placidum caput extulit unda.","translation":"he lifted his calm head above the top of the wave.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prospiciens","lemma":"prospicio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gazing out"},{"surface":"summa","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"top of"},{"surface":"placidum","lemma":"placidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"extulit","lemma":"effero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"unda","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"wave"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b1-l128","source":"Disiectam Aeneae, toto videt aequore classem,","translation":"He sees Aeneas' fleet broken apart over the whole sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Disiectam","lemma":"disicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"toto","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"videt","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"aequore","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"classem","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b1-l129","source":"fluctibus oppressos Troas caelique ruina,","translation":"the Trojans crushed by the waves and by the sky's collapse,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fluctibus","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"oppressos","lemma":"opprimo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been crushed"},{"surface":"Troas","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"caelique","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sky","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ruina","lemma":"ruina","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"collapse"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b1-l130","source":"nec latuere doli fratrem Iunonis et irae.","translation":"and his sister's tricks and her wrath were not hidden from him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"latuere","lemma":"lateo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay hidden"},{"surface":"doli","lemma":"dolus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"tricks"},{"surface":"fratrem","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"Iunonis","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"irae","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"anger"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b1-l131","source":"Eurum ad se Zephyrumque vocat, dehinc talia fatur:","translation":"He calls East Wind and West Wind to him, then speaks:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eurum","lemma":"eurus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"east wind"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Zephyrumque","lemma":"zephyrus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"West Wind","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"vocat","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"dehinc","lemma":"dehinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"fatur","lemma":"for","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b1-l132","source":"“Tantane vos generis tenuit fiducia vestri?","translation":"“Has such confidence in your own birth got hold of you?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tantane","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"generis","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"birth"},{"surface":"tenuit","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"fiducia","lemma":"fiducia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"confidence"},{"surface":"vestri","lemma":"uester","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b1-l133","source":"Iam caelum terramque meo sine numine, venti,","translation":"So now, winds, without my will, do you dare to throw sky","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"terramque","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"meo","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"sine","lemma":"sine","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"numine","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"venti","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b1-l134","source":"miscere, et tantas audetis tollere moles?","translation":"and earth together, and to raise such masses of water?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"miscere","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to mix"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tantas","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"audetis","lemma":"audeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"dare"},{"surface":"tollere","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to raise"},{"surface":"moles","lemma":"moles","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"masses"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b1-l135","source":"Quos ego—sed motos praestat componere fluctus.","translation":"Whom I … but it is better to settle the waves that are stirred.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l135.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quos ego—","title":"A threat cut off midsentence","body":"Quos ego, 'whom I ...,' breaks off before any verb of punishment arrives. Latin calls this figure aposiopesis, a sentence deliberately left unfinished. Neptune stops himself to calm the sea first, and the grammar trails away with him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"motos","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"praestat","lemma":"praesto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is better"},{"surface":"componere","lemma":"compono","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to settle"},{"surface":"fluctus","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"waves"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b1-l136","source":"Post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis.","translation":"Later you will pay me for this, and not with a penalty like it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Post","lemma":"post","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"simili","lemma":"similis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"similar"},{"surface":"poena","lemma":"poena","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"penalty"},{"surface":"commissa","lemma":"commissum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"misdeeds"},{"surface":"luetis","lemma":"luo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will pay"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b1-l137","source":"Maturate fugam, regique haec dicite vestro:","translation":"Hurry your flight, and say this to your king:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Maturate","lemma":"maturo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"hasten"},{"surface":"fugam","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"regique","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"king","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"dicite","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"vestro","lemma":"uester","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b1-l138","source":"non illi imperium pelagi saevumque tridentem,","translation":"not to him was the rule of the sea and the cruel trident","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"imperium","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"rule"},{"surface":"pelagi","lemma":"pelagus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"saevumque","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"tridentem","lemma":"tridens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"trident"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b1-l139","source":"sed mihi sorte datum. Tenet ille immania saxa,","translation":"given by lot, but to me. He holds the monstrous rocks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"sorte","lemma":"sors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"lot"},{"surface":"datum","lemma":"do","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"having been given"},{"surface":"Tenet","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"immania","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"saxa","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"rocks"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b1-l140","source":"vestras, Eure, domos; illa se iactet in aula","translation":"your house, East Wind; let Aeolus swagger in that hall","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vestras","lemma":"uester","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Eure","lemma":"eurus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"east wind"},{"surface":"domos","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"iactet","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let swagger"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"aula","lemma":"aula","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"hall"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b1-l141","source":"Aeolus, et clauso ventorum carcere regnet.”","translation":"and be king in the shut prison of the winds.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeolus","lemma":"aeolus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeolus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"clauso","lemma":"claudo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shut"},{"surface":"ventorum","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"carcere","lemma":"carcer","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"prison"},{"surface":"regnet","lemma":"regno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let him be king"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b1-l142","source":"Sic ait, et dicto citius tumida aequora placat,","translation":"So he speaks, and quicker than the word he settles the swollen sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l142.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dicto citius","title":"Ablative of comparison in a phrase","body":"dicto citius is a fixed phrase, 'quicker than the word,' with dicto an ablative of comparison after citius, 'quicker.' It means faster than it takes to say it. Latin can express the comparison this way without quam, 'than.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dicto","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"citius","lemma":"cito","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more quickly"},{"surface":"tumida","lemma":"tumidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"swollen"},{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"seas"},{"surface":"placat","lemma":"placo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calms"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b1-l143","source":"collectasque fugat nubes, solemque reducit.","translation":"puts the massed clouds to flight, and brings the sun back.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"collectasque","lemma":"colligo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"massed","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"fugat","lemma":"fugo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"puts to flight"},{"surface":"nubes","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"solemque","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sun","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"reducit","lemma":"reduco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leads back"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b1-l144","source":"Cymothoe simul et Triton adnixus acuto","translation":"Cymothoe and Triton together, straining, push the ships","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cymothoe","lemma":"cymothoe","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Cymothoe"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Triton","lemma":"triton","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Triton"},{"surface":"adnixus","lemma":"annitor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"straining"},{"surface":"acuto","lemma":"acutus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b1-l145","source":"detrudunt navis scopulo; levat ipse tridenti;","translation":"off the sharp reef; he himself lifts them with the trident,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"detrudunt","lemma":"detrudo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"push"},{"surface":"navis","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"scopulo","lemma":"scopulus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"reef"},{"surface":"levat","lemma":"leuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifts"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"tridenti","lemma":"tridens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"trident"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b1-l146","source":"et vastas aperit syrtis, et temperat aequor,","translation":"and opens the vast quicksands, and levels the water,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vastas","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"aperit","lemma":"aperio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"opens"},{"surface":"syrtis","lemma":"syrtis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"quicksands"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"temperat","lemma":"tempero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"levels"},{"surface":"aequor","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b1-l147","source":"atque rotis summas levibus perlabitur undas.","translation":"and glides on light wheels over the tops of the waves.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rotis","lemma":"rota","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wheels"},{"surface":"summas","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"top of"},{"surface":"levibus","lemma":"leuis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"perlabitur","lemma":"perlabor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"glides along"},{"surface":"undas","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"waves"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b1-l148","source":"Ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est","translation":"And as often happens, when rioting has broken out in a great","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"veluti","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"populo","lemma":"populus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"saepe","lemma":"saepe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"coorta","lemma":"coorior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"has arisen"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"has"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b1-l149","source":"seditio, saevitque animis ignobile volgus,","translation":"people, and the base crowd rages in its heart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"seditio","lemma":"seditio","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"riot"},{"surface":"saevitque","lemma":"saeuio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"animis","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"ignobile","lemma":"ignobilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"volgus","lemma":"uolgus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"crowd"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b1-l150","source":"iamque faces et saxa volant—furor arma ministrat;","translation":"and now torches and stones are flying: fury supplies the weapons;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"faces","lemma":"fax","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"torches"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"saxa","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"volant","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"furor","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"ministrat","lemma":"ministro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"supplies"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b1-l151","source":"tum, pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem","translation":"then, if by chance they have caught sight of a man weighty","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l151.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pietate gravem ac meritis","title":"Ablatives naming duty and service","body":"pietate and meritis are ablatives of respect with gravem, 'weighty': weighty in his pietas, 'duty,' and in his merita, 'services rendered.' The unnamed man who quiets the crowd is described only by these two qualities. Both words were used of Roman statesmen."}],"words":[{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"pietate","lemma":"pietas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"duty"},{"surface":"gravem","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"weighty"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"meritis","lemma":"meritum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"services"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"forte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by chance"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"some"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b1-l152","source":"conspexere, silent, arrectisque auribus adstant;","translation":"in duty and in service, they fall silent and stand with ears up;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conspexere","lemma":"conspicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"caught sight of"},{"surface":"silent","lemma":"sileo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"be silent"},{"surface":"arrectisque","lemma":"arrigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"auribus","lemma":"auris","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"adstant","lemma":"asto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand at"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b1-l153","source":"ille regit dictis animos, et pectora mulcet,—","translation":"he rules their spirits with words and gentles their breasts,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"regit","lemma":"rego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rules"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"spirits"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"mulcet","lemma":"mulceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"soothes"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b1-l154","source":"sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, aequora postquam","translation":"so the whole uproar of the sea fell, once the father, gazing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"cunctus","lemma":"cunctus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"pelagi","lemma":"pelagus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"cecidit","lemma":"cado","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"fragor","lemma":"fragor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"uproar"},{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"after"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b1-l155","source":"prospiciens genitor caeloque invectus aperto","translation":"out over the water and carried along under an open sky,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prospiciens","lemma":"prospicio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gazing out"},{"surface":"genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"caeloque","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sky","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"invectus","lemma":"inueho","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"carried along"},{"surface":"aperto","lemma":"apertus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"open"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b1-l156","source":"flectit equos, curruque volans dat lora secundo.","translation":"wheels his horses and, flying on, gives rein to his willing car.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"flectit","lemma":"flecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"wheels"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"curruque","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chariot","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"volans","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"lora","lemma":"lorum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"secundo","lemma":"secundus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"willing"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b1-l157","source":"Defessi Aeneadae, quae proxima litora, cursu","translation":"Worn out, the followers of Aeneas strain to make for the nearest","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Defessi","lemma":"defessus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"worn out"},{"surface":"Aeneadae","lemma":"aeneades","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"followers of Aeneas"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"proxima","lemma":"proximus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"nearest"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"cursu","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"course"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b1-l158","source":"contendunt petere, et Libyae vertuntur ad oras.","translation":"shores in their course, and turn toward the coast of Libya.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"contendunt","lemma":"contendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strain"},{"surface":"petere","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to reach"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Libyae","lemma":"libya","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Libya"},{"surface":"vertuntur","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"oras","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"coast"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b1-l159","source":"Est in secessu longo locus: insula portum","translation":"There is a place in a long inlet: an island makes a harbor","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"secessu","lemma":"secessus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"inlet"},{"surface":"longo","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"locus","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"insula","lemma":"insula","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"portum","lemma":"portus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"harbor"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b1-l160","source":"efficit obiectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto","translation":"by the barrier of its flanks, on which every wave out of the deep","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"efficit","lemma":"efficio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"obiectu","lemma":"obiectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"barrier"},{"surface":"laterum","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"flanks"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on which"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the deep"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b1-l161","source":"frangitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos.","translation":"is broken and parts itself into the coves it withdraws into.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l161.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"scindit sese","title":"A reflexive verb, not a passive","body":"scindit sese, 'splits itself,' uses a reflexive pronoun where English would say 'is split.' Latin often makes a thing act on itself rather than naming it as acted upon. The wave stays the grammatical subject even as it breaks apart."}],"words":[{"surface":"frangitur","lemma":"frango","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is broken"},{"surface":"inque","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"sinus","lemma":"sinus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"coves"},{"surface":"scindit","lemma":"scindo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"parts"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"unda","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"reductos","lemma":"reduco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"withdrawn"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b1-l162","source":"Hinc atque hinc vastae rupes geminique minantur","translation":"On this side and that, huge cliffs and twin crags threaten","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on this side"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on that side"},{"surface":"vastae","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"rupes","lemma":"rupes","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"cliffs"},{"surface":"geminique","lemma":"geminus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"twin","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"minantur","lemma":"minor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"threaten"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b1-l163","source":"in caelum scopuli, quorum sub vertice late","translation":"up into the sky, under whose peak far and wide","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"scopuli","lemma":"scopulus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"crags"},{"surface":"quorum","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of which"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"late","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far and wide"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b1-l164","source":"aequora tuta silent; tum silvis scaena coruscis","translation":"the sheltered water lies silent; then a backdrop of glittering woods","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"tuta","lemma":"tutus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sheltered"},{"surface":"silent","lemma":"sileo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"be silent"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"silvis","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"woods"},{"surface":"scaena","lemma":"scaena","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"backdrop"},{"surface":"coruscis","lemma":"coruscus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glittering"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b1-l165","source":"desuper horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra.","translation":"above, and a black grove hangs over it with bristling shade.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"desuper","lemma":"desuper","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"horrentique","lemma":"horreo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bristling","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"atrum","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"nemus","lemma":"nemus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"grove"},{"surface":"imminet","lemma":"immineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hangs over"},{"surface":"umbra","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shade"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b1-l166","source":"Fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum,","translation":"Under the brow that faces you, a cave of overhanging rock;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fronte","lemma":"frons","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"brow"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"adversa","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"scopulis","lemma":"scopulus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"pendentibus","lemma":"pendeo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"overhanging"},{"surface":"antrum","lemma":"antrum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"cave"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b1-l167","source":"intus aquae dulces vivoque sedilia saxo,","translation":"inside, fresh water, and seats in the living stone,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"intus","lemma":"intus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"aquae","lemma":"aqua","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"waters"},{"surface":"dulces","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"vivoque","lemma":"uiuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"living","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"sedilia","lemma":"sedile","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"seats"},{"surface":"saxo","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"stone"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b1-l168","source":"nympharum domus: hic fessas non vincula navis","translation":"the house of nymphs. Here no cables hold the tired ships,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nympharum","lemma":"nympha","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"nymphs"},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"fessas","lemma":"fessus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tired"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"vincula","lemma":"uinculum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"cables"},{"surface":"navis","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b1-l169","source":"ulla tenent, unco non alligat ancora morsu.","translation":"no anchor binds them with its hooked bite.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ulla","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"tenent","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"unco","lemma":"uncus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hooked"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"alligat","lemma":"alligo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"binds"},{"surface":"ancora","lemma":"ancora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"anchor"},{"surface":"morsu","lemma":"morsus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bite"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b1-l170","source":"Huc septem Aeneas collectis navibus omni","translation":"Here Aeneas puts in with seven vessels gathered","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"to here"},{"surface":"septem","lemma":"septem","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"collectis","lemma":"colligo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"navibus","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"omni","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b1-l171","source":"ex numero subit; ac magno telluris amore","translation":"out of the whole number; and with a great longing for land","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"numero","lemma":"numerus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"number"},{"surface":"subit","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"puts in"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"telluris","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"amore","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"longing"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b1-l172","source":"egressi optata potiuntur Troes harena,","translation":"the Trojans step out and take the sand they had wanted,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"egressi","lemma":"egredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having stepped out"},{"surface":"optata","lemma":"opto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"potiuntur","lemma":"potior","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"take possession of"},{"surface":"Troes","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"harena","lemma":"harena","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sand"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b1-l173","source":"et sale tabentis artus in litore ponunt.","translation":"and lay their limbs, dripping with brine, on the beach.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sale","lemma":"sal","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"brine"},{"surface":"tabentis","lemma":"tabeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dripping"},{"surface":"artus","lemma":"artus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"litore","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"beach"},{"surface":"ponunt","lemma":"pono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b1-l174","source":"Ac primum silici scintillam excudit Achates,","translation":"And first Achates struck a spark out of flint,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"silici","lemma":"silex","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"flint"},{"surface":"scintillam","lemma":"scintilla","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spark"},{"surface":"excudit","lemma":"excudo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck out"},{"surface":"Achates","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b1-l175","source":"succepitque ignem foliis, atque arida circum","translation":"caught the fire in leaves, and set dry feeding","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"succepitque","lemma":"suscipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"ignem","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"foliis","lemma":"folium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"arida","lemma":"aridus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b1-l176","source":"nutrimenta dedit, rapuitque in fomite flammam.","translation":"around it, and snatched the flame up in the tinder.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nutrimenta","lemma":"nutrimentum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fuel"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"rapuitque","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught up","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fomite","lemma":"fomes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"tinder"},{"surface":"flammam","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"flame"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b1-l177","source":"Tum Cererem corruptam undis Cerealiaque arma","translation":"Then the grain of Ceres, spoiled by the water, and the gear of Ceres","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l177.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Cererem ... Cerealia arma","title":"A god's name for her gift","body":"Cererem, accusative of Ceres, and Cerealia arma, 'the gear of Ceres,' use the goddess's name for what she gives: grain and the tools for milling it. Latin verse often names a god for the thing associated with them. arma here means equipment, not weapons."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Cererem","lemma":"ceres","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"corruptam","lemma":"corrumpo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"spoiled"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"Cerealiaque","lemma":"cerealis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Ceres'","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"gear"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b1-l178","source":"expediunt fessi rerum, frugesque receptas","translation":"they get out, sick of their circumstances, and the corn they had saved","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l178.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fessi rerum","title":"Genitive naming what tires them","body":"fessi rerum, 'weary in respect of their circumstances,' uses rerum as a genitive of respect with fessi, 'weary.' The genitive states what the weariness concerns rather than describing it directly. Here it marks a tiredness that is not simply physical."}],"words":[{"surface":"expediunt","lemma":"expedio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"get out"},{"surface":"fessi","lemma":"fessus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sick"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"circumstances"},{"surface":"frugesque","lemma":"frux","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"corn"},{"surface":"receptas","lemma":"recipio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"saved"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b1-l179","source":"et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo.","translation":"they make ready both to parch in the flames and to crush on stone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"torrere","lemma":"torreo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to parch"},{"surface":"parant","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"make ready"},{"surface":"flammis","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"flames"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"frangere","lemma":"frango","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to crush"},{"surface":"saxo","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"stone"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b1-l180","source":"Aeneas scopulum interea conscendit, et omnem","translation":"Meanwhile Aeneas climbs a crag and looks for a full","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"scopulum","lemma":"scopulus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"crag"},{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"conscendit","lemma":"conscendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"climbs up"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"omnem","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"full"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b1-l181","source":"prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quem","translation":"prospect wide over the sea, in case he might see some Antheus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prospectum","lemma":"prospectus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"view"},{"surface":"late","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"widely"},{"surface":"pelago","lemma":"pelagus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"petit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"seeks"},{"surface":"Anthea","lemma":"antheus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Antheus"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"some"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b1-l182","source":"iactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremis,","translation":"tossed by the wind, and the Phrygian galleys,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iactatum","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tossed"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"videat","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"Phrygiasque","lemma":"phrygius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Phrygian","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"biremis","lemma":"biremis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"galleys"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b1-l183","source":"aut Capyn, aut celsis in puppibus arma Caici.","translation":"or Capys, or the arms of Caicus on a high stern.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Capyn","lemma":"capys","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Capys"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"celsis","lemma":"celsus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"puppibus","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sterns"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"Caici","lemma":"caicus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Caicus"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b1-l184","source":"Navem in conspectu nullam, tris litore cervos","translation":"No ship in sight; but three stags on the shore","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Navem","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"conspectu","lemma":"conspectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"nullam","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"tris","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"litore","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"cervos","lemma":"ceruus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"stags"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b1-l185","source":"prospicit errantis; hos tota armenta sequuntur","translation":"he catches straying; behind these whole herds follow","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prospicit","lemma":"prospicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"catches sight of"},{"surface":"errantis","lemma":"erro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"straying"},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"tota","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"armenta","lemma":"armentum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"herds"},{"surface":"sequuntur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b1-l186","source":"a tergo, et longum per vallis pascitur agmen.","translation":"at their backs, and the long column grazes down the valleys.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"tergo","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"longum","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"vallis","lemma":"uallis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"valleys"},{"surface":"pascitur","lemma":"pasco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"grazes"},{"surface":"agmen","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"column"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b1-l187","source":"Constitit hic, arcumque manu celerisque sagittas","translation":"Here he halted, and caught up in his hand the bow and the swift","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Constitit","lemma":"consisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"arcumque","lemma":"arcus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"celerisque","lemma":"celer","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"sagittas","lemma":"sagitta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b1-l188","source":"corripuit, fidus quae tela gerebat Achates;","translation":"arrows, the weapons that faithful Achates carried;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"corripuit","lemma":"corripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught up"},{"surface":"fidus","lemma":"fidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"gerebat","lemma":"gero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"Achates","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b1-l189","source":"ductoresque ipsos primum, capita alta ferentis","translation":"and the leaders themselves first, who bore their heads high","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ductoresque","lemma":"ductor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ipsos","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"capita","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ferentis","lemma":"fero","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bearing"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b1-l190","source":"cornibus arboreis, sternit, tum volgus, et omnem","translation":"with branching antlers, he brings down; then the common herd,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cornibus","lemma":"cornu","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"antlers"},{"surface":"arboreis","lemma":"arboreus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"branching"},{"surface":"sternit","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lays low"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"volgus","lemma":"uolgus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"crowd"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"omnem","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b1-l191","source":"miscet agens telis nemora inter frondea turbam;","translation":"and with his shafts he drives the whole crowd in confusion through the leafy woods;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"miscet","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throws into confusion"},{"surface":"agens","lemma":"ago","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driving"},{"surface":"telis","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shafts"},{"surface":"nemora","lemma":"nemus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"woods"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"frondea","lemma":"frondeus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"leafy"},{"surface":"turbam","lemma":"turba","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"crowd"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b1-l192","source":"nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor","translation":"nor does he stop before, in triumph, he has laid seven great","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"prius","lemma":"prius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"absistit","lemma":"absisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stops"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"quam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"septem","lemma":"septem","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"ingentia","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"victor","lemma":"uictor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"as victor"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b1-l193","source":"corpora fundat humi, et numerum cum navibus aequet.","translation":"bodies on the ground and matched their number with his ships.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"corpora","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"fundat","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"lays"},{"surface":"humi","lemma":"humus","morphology":"noun, locative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"numerum","lemma":"numerus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"number"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"navibus","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"aequet","lemma":"aequo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"matches"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b1-l194","source":"Hinc portum petit, et socios partitur in omnes.","translation":"From there he makes for the harbor and shares them out among all his men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"portum","lemma":"portus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"harbor"},{"surface":"petit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes for"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"socios","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"partitur","lemma":"partior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"shares"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b1-l195","source":"Vina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes","translation":"Then the wine that good Acestes had loaded into jars","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vina","lemma":"uinum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"bonus","lemma":"bonus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"deinde","lemma":"deinde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"cadis","lemma":"cadus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"jars"},{"surface":"onerarat","lemma":"onero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had loaded"},{"surface":"Acestes","lemma":"acestes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Acestes"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b1-l196","source":"litore Trinacrio dederatque abeuntibus heros,","translation":"on the Sicilian shore, and had given them as they left, the hero,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"litore","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"Trinacrio","lemma":"trinacrius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Sicilian"},{"surface":"dederatque","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had given","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"abeuntibus","lemma":"abeo","morphology":"participle, present active dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"as they left"},{"surface":"heros","lemma":"heros","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b1-l197","source":"dividit, et dictis maerentia pectora mulcet:","translation":"he divides, and gentles their grieving hearts with words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dividit","lemma":"diuido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"divides"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"maerentia","lemma":"maereo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"mulcet","lemma":"mulceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"soothes"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b1-l198","source":"“O socii—neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum—","translation":"“Comrades (for we are not strangers to trouble before this),","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"socii","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for not"},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ignari","lemma":"ignarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"strangers"},{"surface":"sumus","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"before now"},{"surface":"malorum","lemma":"malum","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"troubles"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b1-l199","source":"O passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem.","translation":"you who have suffered worse, a god will grant an end to this too.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"passi","lemma":"patior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"having suffered"},{"surface":"graviora","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter, comparative","role":"object","gloss":"worse things"},{"surface":"dabit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"deus","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"his","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to these"},{"surface":"quoque","lemma":"quoque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"finem","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"end"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b1-l200","source":"Vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantis","translation":"You have come close to Scylla's fury and the cliffs that echo","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Scyllaeam","lemma":"scyllaeus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Scylla"},{"surface":"rabiem","lemma":"rabies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"penitusque","lemma":"penitus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"deeply","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"sonantis","lemma":"sono","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"echoing"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b1-l201","source":"accestis scopulos, vos et Cyclopea saxa","translation":"deep in their caves, you have known the rocks of the Cyclops:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l201.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"accestis","title":"Another shortened perfect verb","body":"accestis is a syncopated perfect, 'you have reached,' with the middle -sis- dropped from accessistis. Vergil uses these contracted forms often, especially in speech, to keep the line moving. The tense and meaning are unchanged."}],"words":[{"surface":"accestis","lemma":"accedo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have come close to"},{"surface":"scopulos","lemma":"scopulus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Cyclopea","lemma":"cyclopeus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the Cyclops"},{"surface":"saxa","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"rocks"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b1-l202","source":"experti: revocate animos, maestumque timorem","translation":"call your courage back, and let this sorrowing fear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"experti","lemma":"experior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"have known"},{"surface":"revocate","lemma":"reuoco","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"call back"},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"maestumque","lemma":"maestus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sorrowing"},{"surface":"timorem","lemma":"timor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fear"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b1-l203","source":"mittite: forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit.","translation":"go. One day, it may be, remembering even this will be a joy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l203.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit","title":"A hedged promise about the future","body":"meminisse iuvabit, 'it will please to have remembered,' is an infinitive as the subject of iuvabit, 'it will please.' forsan, 'perhaps,' and olim, 'one day,' hedge the whole claim. Literally: 'perhaps it will even please to have remembered these things one day.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"mittite","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"forsan","lemma":"forsan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"olim","lemma":"olim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"one day"},{"surface":"meminisse","lemma":"memini","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to remember"},{"surface":"iuvabit","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be a joy"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b1-l204","source":"Per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum","translation":"Through shifting chances, through so many crises of things,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"varios","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shifting"},{"surface":"casus","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"chances"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"discrimina","lemma":"discrimen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"crises"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"things"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b1-l205","source":"tendimus in Latium; sedes ubi fata quietas","translation":"we make for Latium, where the fates hold out a quiet home;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tendimus","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"make our way"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Latium","lemma":"latium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Latium"},{"surface":"sedes","lemma":"sedes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"quietas","lemma":"quietus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quiet"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b1-l206","source":"ostendunt; illic fas regna resurgere Troiae.","translation":"there it is right that the kingdom of Troy should rise again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ostendunt","lemma":"ostendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"hold out"},{"surface":"illic","lemma":"illic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"fas","lemma":"fas","morphology":"noun, indeclinable","role":"predicate","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"regna","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"kingdoms"},{"surface":"resurgere","lemma":"resurgo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to rise"},{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Troy"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b1-l207","source":"Durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis.”","translation":"Hold out, and keep yourselves for what will come better.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l207.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Durate","title":"An imperative built on hardness","body":"Durate is the plural imperative of durare, 'to last, hold firm,' the same verb used of stone or timber enduring. Aeneas gives his men this one command, to endure, rather than a promise of victory. It is his only order in the speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"Durate","lemma":"duro","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"hold out"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vosmet","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"yourselves"},{"surface":"rebus","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"circumstances"},{"surface":"servate","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"secundis","lemma":"secundus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"favorable"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b1-l208","source":"Talia voce refert, curisque ingentibus aeger","translation":"Such things he says aloud; and sick with enormous cares","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"refert","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"curisque","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cares","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ingentibus","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"aeger","lemma":"aeger","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sick"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b1-l209","source":"spem voltu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem.","translation":"he acts hope on his face, and presses the pain down deep in his heart.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l209.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"premit altum corde dolorem","title":"Grief pressed down, not shown","body":"premit, 'he presses down,' governs dolorem, 'pain,' accusative singular, with corde, 'in his heart,' ablative of place. altum, 'deep,' agrees with dolorem. The line states plainly that Aeneas hides real grief behind a face that shows hope."}],"words":[{"surface":"spem","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"voltu","lemma":"uultus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"simulat","lemma":"simulo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"feigns"},{"surface":"premit","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses"},{"surface":"altum","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"corde","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"dolorem","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"pain"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b1-l210","source":"Illi se praedae accingunt, dapibusque futuris;","translation":"They set to work on the game, and on the feast to come;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"praedae","lemma":"praeda","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"game"},{"surface":"accingunt","lemma":"accingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gird oneself"},{"surface":"dapibusque","lemma":"daps","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"sacrificial feast","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"futuris","lemma":"futurus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"to come"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b1-l211","source":"tergora deripiunt costis et viscera nudant;","translation":"they strip the hides off the ribs and lay the flesh bare;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tergora","lemma":"tergus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"hides"},{"surface":"deripiunt","lemma":"deripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strip off"},{"surface":"costis","lemma":"costa","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ribs"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"viscera","lemma":"uiscus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"nudant","lemma":"nudo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay bare"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b1-l212","source":"pars in frusta secant veribusque trementia figunt;","translation":"some cut it into pieces and fix the quivering meat on spits;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pars","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"frusta","lemma":"frustum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"pieces"},{"surface":"secant","lemma":"seco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut"},{"surface":"veribusque","lemma":"ueru","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"spits","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"trementia","lemma":"tremo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"quivering meat"},{"surface":"figunt","lemma":"figo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fix"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b1-l213","source":"litore aena locant alii, flammasque ministrant.","translation":"others set bronze pots along the beach and tend the fires.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"litore","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"beach"},{"surface":"aena","lemma":"aenum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bronze pots"},{"surface":"locant","lemma":"loco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"flammasque","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"ministrant","lemma":"ministro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tend"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b1-l214","source":"Tum victu revocant vires, fusique per herbam","translation":"Then with food they call their strength back, and stretched along the grass","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"victu","lemma":"uictus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"revocant","lemma":"reuoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"call back"},{"surface":"vires","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"fusique","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stretched out","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"herbam","lemma":"herba","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"grass"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b1-l215","source":"implentur veteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae.","translation":"they fill themselves with old wine and rich venison.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"implentur","lemma":"impleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are filled up"},{"surface":"veteris","lemma":"uetus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Bacchi","lemma":"bacchus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"pinguisque","lemma":"pinguis","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"ferinae","lemma":"ferina","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"venison"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b1-l216","source":"Postquam exempta fames epulis mensaeque remotae,","translation":"After hunger was driven off by the meal, and the tables cleared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"exempta","lemma":"eximo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"driven off"},{"surface":"fames","lemma":"fames","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hunger"},{"surface":"epulis","lemma":"epulae","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"courses, food"},{"surface":"mensaeque","lemma":"mensa","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"tables"},{"surface":"remotae","lemma":"remoueo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"cleared"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b1-l217","source":"amissos longo socios sermone requirunt,","translation":"they ask after their lost companions in long talk,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"amissos","lemma":"amitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"longo","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"socios","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"sermone","lemma":"sermo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"talk"},{"surface":"requirunt","lemma":"requiro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"ask after"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b1-l218","source":"spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant,","translation":"wavering between hope and fear, whether to believe they live","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"spemque","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"metumque","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"dubii","lemma":"dubius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wavering"},{"surface":"seu","lemma":"siue","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"vivere","lemma":"uiuo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"credant","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"believe"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b1-l219","source":"sive extrema pati nec iam exaudire vocatos.","translation":"or have gone through the last of it and no longer hear when called.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sive","lemma":"siue","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or whether"},{"surface":"extrema","lemma":"extremus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the last of it"},{"surface":"pati","lemma":"patior","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to suffer"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"exaudire","lemma":"exaudio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to hear clearly"},{"surface":"vocatos","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"called"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b1-l220","source":"Praecipue pius Aeneas nunc acris Oronti,","translation":"Above all dutiful Aeneas grieves, now for the loss of keen Orontes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l220.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pius Aeneas","title":"The hero's standing epithet","body":"pius Aeneas, 'dutiful Aeneas,' is the poem's fixed epithet for its hero, used here for the first time. pietas covers duty owed to gods, father, son, and people together, rendered 'dutiful' wherever the epithet recurs. Here it appears as Aeneas grieves men he could not save."}],"words":[{"surface":"Praecipue","lemma":"praecipue","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"pius","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dutiful"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"acris","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"keen"},{"surface":"Oronti","lemma":"orontes","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Orontes"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b1-l221","source":"nunc Amyci casum gemit et crudelia secum","translation":"now for Amycus, and groans within himself over the cruel","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Amyci","lemma":"amycus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Amycus"},{"surface":"casum","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"gemit","lemma":"gemo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"groans"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"crudelia","lemma":"crudelis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b1-l222","source":"fata Lyci, fortemque Gyan, fortemque Cloanthum.","translation":"fate of Lycus, and over brave Gyas, and brave Cloanthus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"Lyci","lemma":"lycus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Lycus"},{"surface":"fortemque","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Gyan","lemma":"gyas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Gyas"},{"surface":"fortemque","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Cloanthum","lemma":"cloanthus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Cloanthus"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b1-l223","source":"Et iam finis erat, cum Iuppiter aethere summo","translation":"And now there was an end of it, when Jupiter, from the top of the air,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"finis","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"aethere","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"upper air"},{"surface":"summo","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"top"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b1-l224","source":"despiciens mare velivolum terrasque iacentis","translation":"looking down on the sail-winged sea and the lands lying flat,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l224.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"velivolum","title":"A Greek-style compound adjective","body":"velivolum, 'sail-flying,' combines velum, 'sail,' and volare, 'to fly,' modifying mare, 'sea,' accusative singular. Latin verse borrowed such compounds from Greek and used them sparingly. Here it describes the sea by the ships moving on it rather than by the water itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"despiciens","lemma":"despicio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"looking down on"},{"surface":"mare","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"velivolum","lemma":"ueliuolus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"speeding along under sail"},{"surface":"terrasque","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"iacentis","lemma":"iaceo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lying"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b1-l225","source":"litoraque et latos populos, sic vertice caeli","translation":"and the coasts and the wide peoples, halted so at the sky's","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"litoraque","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"coasts"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"latos","lemma":"latus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"populos","lemma":"populus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"peoples"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"summit"},{"surface":"caeli","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b1-l226","source":"constitit, et Libyae defixit lumina regnis.","translation":"summit, and fixed his eyes on the kingdoms of Libya.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"constitit","lemma":"consisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Libyae","lemma":"libya","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Libya"},{"surface":"defixit","lemma":"defigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"lumina","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"regnis","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"kingdoms"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b1-l227","source":"Atque illum talis iactantem pectore curas","translation":"And to him, as he turned such cares over in his heart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"illum","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"talis","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"iactantem","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"turning over"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"curas","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cares"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b1-l228","source":"tristior et lacrimis oculos suffusa nitentis","translation":"sadder than her way, her shining eyes brimming with tears,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l228.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"oculos suffusa","title":"Accusative naming the part affected","body":"suffusa, 'suffused,' is a passive participle with oculos, 'eyes,' as an accusative of respect: literally 'suffused as to her eyes.' Latin borrowed this construction from Greek for gesture and dress. It lets the participle stay passive while naming what is affected."}],"words":[{"surface":"tristior","lemma":"tristis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"sadder"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lacrimis","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"suffusa","lemma":"suffundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"suffused"},{"surface":"nitentis","lemma":"niteo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b1-l229","source":"adloquitur Venus: “O qui res hominumque deumque","translation":"Venus speaks: “You who govern the affairs of men and of gods","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adloquitur","lemma":"adloquor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"addresses"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"res","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"affairs"},{"surface":"hominumque","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"deumque","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b1-l230","source":"aeternis regis imperiis, et fulmine terres,","translation":"with rule that does not end, and frighten them with the thunderbolt,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aeternis","lemma":"aeternus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unending"},{"surface":"regis","lemma":"rego","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"govern"},{"surface":"imperiis","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rule"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fulmine","lemma":"fulmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"thunderbolt"},{"surface":"terres","lemma":"terreo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"frighten"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b1-l231","source":"quid meus Aeneas in te committere tantum,","translation":"what could my Aeneas have done against you so great,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"meus","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"committere","lemma":"committo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to commit"},{"surface":"tantum","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b1-l232","source":"quid Troes potuere, quibus, tot funera passis,","translation":"what the Trojans, that after so many deaths of theirs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Troes","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"potuere","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was able"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"funera","lemma":"funus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"deaths"},{"surface":"passis","lemma":"patior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having suffered"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b1-l233","source":"cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis?","translation":"the whole circle of the earth is shut to them, for Italy's sake?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cunctus","lemma":"cunctus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ob","lemma":"ob","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"terrarum","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"clauditur","lemma":"claudo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is shut"},{"surface":"orbis","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"circle"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b1-l234","source":"Certe hinc Romanos olim, volventibus annis,","translation":"Surely from these, one day, as the years came round, the Romans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l234.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Certe ... pollicitus","title":"The word for promised, delayed","body":"pollicitus, 'having promised,' is the perfect participle that finally identifies whose guarantee this is, arriving three lines after the content it governs. Venus quotes Jupiter's own words back to him before the verb that makes them a promise arrives. The delay sits inside the sentence's word order."}],"words":[{"surface":"Certe","lemma":"certe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"Romanos","lemma":"romanus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Romans"},{"surface":"olim","lemma":"olim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"one day"},{"surface":"volventibus","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"annis","lemma":"annus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b1-l235","source":"hinc fore ductores, revocato a sanguine Teucri,","translation":"from these the leaders were to come, the blood of Teucer called back,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"fore","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, future infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"ductores","lemma":"ductor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"revocato","lemma":"reuoco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been called back"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"Teucri","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Teucer"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b1-l236","source":"qui mare, qui terras omni dicione tenerent,","translation":"who would hold the sea and the lands under every kind of command:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"mare","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"omni","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"dicione","lemma":"dicio","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"tenerent","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"would hold"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b1-l237","source":"pollicitus, quae te, genitor, sententia vertit?","translation":"you promised it. What thought, father, has turned you?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pollicitus","lemma":"polliceor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"sententia","lemma":"sententia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"vertit","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has turned"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b1-l238","source":"Hoc equidem occasum Troiae tristisque ruinas","translation":"With that, I confess, I consoled myself for the fall of Troy","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"equidem","lemma":"equidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"occasum","lemma":"occasus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"tristisque","lemma":"tristis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ruinas","lemma":"ruina","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ruin"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b1-l239","source":"solabar, fatis contraria fata rependens;","translation":"and its bitter ruin, weighing fate against opposing fate;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"solabar","lemma":"solor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular imperfect indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"I consoled myself"},{"surface":"fatis","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"contraria","lemma":"contrarius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"opposing"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"rependens","lemma":"rependo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"weighing"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b1-l240","source":"nunc eadem fortuna viros tot casibus actos","translation":"now the same fortune follows hard on men driven through","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"eadem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"viros","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"numeral, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"casibus","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"disasters"},{"surface":"actos","lemma":"ago","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been driven"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b1-l241","source":"insequitur. Quem das finem, rex magne, laborum?","translation":"so many disasters. What end do you grant, great king, to their labors?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"insequitur","lemma":"insequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows hard on"},{"surface":"Quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you grant"},{"surface":"finem","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"magne","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"laborum","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"labors"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b1-l242","source":"Antenor potuit, mediis elapsus Achivis,","translation":"Antenor could slip out through the middle of the Achaeans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Antenor","lemma":"antenor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Antenor"},{"surface":"potuit","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was able"},{"surface":"mediis","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"midst"},{"surface":"elapsus","lemma":"elabor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having slipped away"},{"surface":"Achivis","lemma":"achiui","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b1-l243","source":"Illyricos penetrare sinus, atque intima tutus","translation":"could get into the Illyrian gulfs, and safely into the innermost","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Illyricos","lemma":"illyricus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Illyrian"},{"surface":"penetrare","lemma":"penetro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to get into"},{"surface":"sinus","lemma":"sinus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gulfs"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"intima","lemma":"intimus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"innermost"},{"surface":"tutus","lemma":"tutus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"safe"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b1-l244","source":"regna Liburnorum, et fontem superare Timavi,","translation":"kingdoms of the Liburnians, and pass the source of Timavus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"regna","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kingdoms"},{"surface":"Liburnorum","lemma":"liburni","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Liburnians"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fontem","lemma":"fons","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"source"},{"surface":"superare","lemma":"supero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to pass"},{"surface":"Timavi","lemma":"timauus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Timavus"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b1-l245","source":"unde per ora novem vasto cum murmure montis","translation":"where through nine mouths, with a huge rumbling of the mountain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"unde","lemma":"unde","morphology":"adverb","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"mouths"},{"surface":"novem","lemma":"nouem","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"vasto","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"murmure","lemma":"murmur","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"rumbling"},{"surface":"montis","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mountain"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b1-l246","source":"it mare proruptum et pelago premit arva sonanti.","translation":"the sea bursts out and presses the fields with a sounding flood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"it","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bursts out"},{"surface":"mare","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"proruptum","lemma":"prorumpo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been rushed forth"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pelago","lemma":"pelagus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"flood"},{"surface":"premit","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses"},{"surface":"arva","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"sonanti","lemma":"sono","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sounding"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b1-l247","source":"Hic tamen ille urbem Patavi sedesque locavit","translation":"Yet there he set down the city of Patavium and a seat","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"Patavi","lemma":"patauium","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"Patavium"},{"surface":"sedesque","lemma":"sedes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"seats"},{"surface":"locavit","lemma":"loco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b1-l248","source":"Teucrorum, et genti nomen dedit, armaque fixit","translation":"for Teucrians, gave the people a name, and hung up the arms","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Teucrorum","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"genti","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"armaque","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"fixit","lemma":"figo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fixed"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b1-l249","source":"Troia; nunc placida compostus pace quiescit:","translation":"of Troy; now he is laid to rest in quiet peace:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Troia","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"placida","lemma":"placidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"compostus","lemma":"compono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been laid to rest"},{"surface":"pace","lemma":"pax","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"quiescit","lemma":"quiesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rests"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b1-l250","source":"nos, tua progenies, caeli quibus adnuis arcem,","translation":"we, your own offspring, to whom you nod the citadel of heaven,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nos","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"progenies","lemma":"progenies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"caeli","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"adnuis","lemma":"annuo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"nod"},{"surface":"arcem","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b1-l251","source":"navibus (infandum!) amissis, unius ob iram","translation":"have lost our ships (it does not bear saying) and for one goddess's wrath","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"navibus","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"infandum","lemma":"infandus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"exclamation","gloss":"unspeakable"},{"surface":"amissis","lemma":"amitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"unius","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ob","lemma":"ob","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on account of"},{"surface":"iram","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"wrath"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b1-l252","source":"prodimur atque Italis longe disiungimur oris.","translation":"we are given up, and cut off far from the shores of Italy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prodimur","lemma":"prodo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are given up"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Italis","lemma":"italus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Italian"},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"disiungimur","lemma":"disiungo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are cut off"},{"surface":"oris","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shores"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b1-l253","source":"Hic pietatis honos? Sic nos in sceptra reponis?”","translation":"Is this the reward of duty? Is this how you set us back in power?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l253.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pietatis honos","title":"A noun for service repaid","body":"honos, 'honor, reward,' takes pietatis, 'of duty,' as a genitive: the return owed for pietas. Romans used honos for the public recognition or office earned by service. Venus asks whether duty is repaid like a debt, using the vocabulary of a transaction."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"pietatis","lemma":"pietas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"duty"},{"surface":"honos","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"reward"},{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sceptra","lemma":"sceptrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"reponis","lemma":"repono","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"put back"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b1-l254","source":"Olli subridens hominum sator atque deorum,","translation":"Smiling at her, the sower of men and gods,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l254.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Olli","title":"An old dative pronoun form","body":"Olli is an archaic dative singular of ille, 'to him,' already old-fashioned in Vergil's own time. He keeps such forms for solemn moments, drawn from the diction of early epic and law. It marks the line where Jupiter begins his answer."}],"words":[{"surface":"Olli","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"subridens","lemma":"surrideo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"hominum","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"sator","lemma":"sator","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sower"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"deorum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b1-l255","source":"voltu, quo caelum tempestatesque serenat,","translation":"with the look that clears the sky and its weather,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"voltu","lemma":"uultus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"tempestatesque","lemma":"tempestas","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"weather","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"serenat","lemma":"sereno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"clears up"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b1-l256","source":"oscula libavit natae, dehinc talia fatur:","translation":"touched his daughter's lips, then speaks:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"oscula","lemma":"osculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"libavit","lemma":"libo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"natae","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"dehinc","lemma":"dehinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"fatur","lemma":"for","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b1-l257","source":"“Parce metu, Cytherea: manent immota tuorum","translation":"“Spare your fear, Cytherea: the fates of your people stay","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Parce","lemma":"parco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"spare"},{"surface":"metu","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"Cytherea","lemma":"cytherea","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Cytherea"},{"surface":"manent","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"remain"},{"surface":"immota","lemma":"immotus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"unmoved"},{"surface":"tuorum","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"your people"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b1-l258","source":"fata tibi; cernes urbem et promissa Lavini","translation":"unmoved for you; you will see the city and the promised walls","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"cernes","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will see"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"promissa","lemma":"promitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"Lavini","lemma":"lauinium","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"Lavinium"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b1-l259","source":"moenia, sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli","translation":"of Lavinium, and you will carry great-hearted Aeneas high","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"sublimemque","lemma":"sublimis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"feres","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will carry"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"caeli","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"heaven"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b1-l260","source":"magnanimum Aenean; neque me sententia vertit.","translation":"to the stars of heaven; no thought has turned me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l260.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Aenean","title":"A Greek ending on a name","body":"Aenean is a Greek accusative singular, not the Latin Aeneam. Vergil declines Greek names by their Greek endings throughout the poem. The form is a small, constant reminder that this epic follows the Greek tradition even in its grammar."}],"words":[{"surface":"magnanimum","lemma":"magnanimus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great-souled"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"sententia","lemma":"sententia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"vertit","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has turned"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b1-l261","source":"Hic tibi (fabor enim, quando haec te cura remordet,","translation":"This son of yours (I will speak out, since this care keeps biting you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"fabor","lemma":"for","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"will speak"},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"cura","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"remordet","lemma":"remordeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"bites back"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b1-l262","source":"longius et volvens fatorum arcana movebo)","translation":"and unroll the fates further and stir their secrets)","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"longius","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"volvens","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unrolling"},{"surface":"fatorum","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"arcana","lemma":"arcanus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"secrets"},{"surface":"movebo","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will stir"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b1-l263","source":"bellum ingens geret Italia, populosque feroces","translation":"will wage a huge war in Italy, and will pound down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bellum","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"geret","lemma":"gero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will wage"},{"surface":"Italia","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"populosque","lemma":"populus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"peoples"},{"surface":"feroces","lemma":"ferox","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fierce"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b1-l264","source":"contundet, moresque viris et moenia ponet,","translation":"fierce peoples, and set up customs for men, and walls,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"contundet","lemma":"contundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will crush"},{"surface":"moresque","lemma":"mos","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"customs"},{"surface":"viris","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"ponet","lemma":"pono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will establish"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b1-l265","source":"tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit aestas,","translation":"till a third summer has seen him reigning in Latium","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tertia","lemma":"tertius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"Latio","lemma":"latium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Latium"},{"surface":"regnantem","lemma":"regno","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"reigning"},{"surface":"viderit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"has seen"},{"surface":"aestas","lemma":"aestas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"summer"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b1-l266","source":"ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis.","translation":"and three winters have gone by with the Rutulians beaten.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ternaque","lemma":"terni","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"transierint","lemma":"transeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"have gone by"},{"surface":"Rutulis","lemma":"rutuli","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"hiberna","lemma":"hibernus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"winters"},{"surface":"subactis","lemma":"subigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been conquered"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b1-l267","source":"At puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen Iulo","translation":"But the boy Ascanius, to whom the surname Iulus is now","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"puer","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"Ascanius","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"cognomen","lemma":"cognomen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"surname"},{"surface":"Iulo","lemma":"iulus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Iulus"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b1-l268","source":"additur,—Ilus erat, dum res stetit Ilia regno,—","translation":"added (he was Ilus while the Ilian state stood in its kingdom),","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"additur","lemma":"addo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is added"},{"surface":"Ilus","lemma":"ilus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"Ilus"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"res","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"state"},{"surface":"stetit","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"Ilia","lemma":"ilius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Ilian"},{"surface":"regno","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"kingdom"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b1-l269","source":"triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbis","translation":"will fill out with his rule thirty great circuits","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"triginta","lemma":"triginta","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"thirty"},{"surface":"magnos","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"volvendis","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"gerundive, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"mensibus","lemma":"mensis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"months"},{"surface":"orbis","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"circuits"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b1-l270","source":"imperio explebit, regnumque ab sede Lavini","translation":"of the rolling months, and will shift the kingdom from its seat","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"imperio","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rule"},{"surface":"explebit","lemma":"expleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fill out"},{"surface":"regnumque","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kingdoms"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sede","lemma":"sedes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"Lavini","lemma":"lauinium","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"Lavinium"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b1-l271","source":"transferet, et longam multa vi muniet Albam.","translation":"at Lavinium, and wall Alba Longa about with much force.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"transferet","lemma":"transfero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will transfer"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"longam","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"muniet","lemma":"munio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fortify"},{"surface":"Albam","lemma":"alba","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Alba"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b1-l272","source":"Hic iam ter centum totos regnabitur annos","translation":"Here there will be rule for three whole centuries","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ter","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"centum","lemma":"centum","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"one hundred"},{"surface":"totos","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"regnabitur","lemma":"regno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be reigned"},{"surface":"annos","lemma":"annus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b1-l273","source":"gente sub Hectorea, donec regina sacerdos,","translation":"under Hector's line, until a royal priestess,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"Hectorea","lemma":"hectoreus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"donec","lemma":"donec","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"royal"},{"surface":"sacerdos","lemma":"sacerdos","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"priestess"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b1-l274","source":"Marte gravis, geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem.","translation":"Ilia, heavy by Mars, will bear twin offspring.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Marte","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Mars"},{"surface":"gravis","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"geminam","lemma":"geminus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"twin"},{"surface":"partu","lemma":"partus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"childbirth"},{"surface":"dabit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will bear"},{"surface":"Ilia","lemma":"ilia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Ilia"},{"surface":"prolem","lemma":"proles","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"offspring"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b1-l275","source":"Inde lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus","translation":"Then Romulus, glad in the tawny hide of the she-wolf","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inde","lemma":"inde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"lupae","lemma":"lupa","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"wolf"},{"surface":"fulvo","lemma":"fuluus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"tawny"},{"surface":"nutricis","lemma":"nutrix","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"nurse"},{"surface":"tegmine","lemma":"tegmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"laetus","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b1-l276","source":"Romulus excipiet gentem, et Mavortia condet","translation":"that nursed him, will take the people up, and found the walls","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Romulus","lemma":"romulus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Romulus"},{"surface":"excipiet","lemma":"excipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will take up"},{"surface":"gentem","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Mavortia","lemma":"mauortius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Mars"},{"surface":"condet","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will found"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b1-l277","source":"moenia, Romanosque suo de nomine dicet.","translation":"of Mars, and call them Romans after his own name.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"Romanosque","lemma":"romanus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"Roman"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"nomine","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"dicet","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will call"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b1-l278","source":"His ego nec metas rerum nec tempora pono;","translation":"To these I set no boundaries in space, and no times;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"His","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to these"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"metas","lemma":"meta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"boundaries"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"space"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"tempora","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"pono","lemma":"pono","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I set"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b1-l279","source":"imperium sine fine dedi. Quin aspera Iuno,","translation":"I have given them rule without end. Even hard Juno,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"imperium","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"rule"},{"surface":"sine","lemma":"sine","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"fine","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"dedi","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have given"},{"surface":"Quin","lemma":"quin","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"aspera","lemma":"asper","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b1-l280","source":"quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat,","translation":"who now wears out sea and land and sky with her fear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"mare","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"terrasque","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"metu","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"caelumque","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"fatigat","lemma":"fatigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"wears out"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b1-l281","source":"consilia in melius referet, mecumque fovebit","translation":"will bring her plans round to better, and with me will cherish","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"consilia","lemma":"consilium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"plans"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"melius","lemma":"melior","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter, comparative","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"referet","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will bring back"},{"surface":"mecumque","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by me","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"fovebit","lemma":"foueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will cherish"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b1-l282","source":"Romanos rerum dominos gentemque togatam:","translation":"the Romans, masters of the world, the people of the toga:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Romanos","lemma":"romanus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Romans"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"dominos","lemma":"dominus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"gentemque","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"togatam","lemma":"togatus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the toga"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b1-l283","source":"sic placitum. Veniet lustris labentibus aetas,","translation":"so it has been decided. An age will come, as the years slip by,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"placitum","lemma":"placeo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"decided"},{"surface":"Veniet","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"lustris","lemma":"lustrum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"labentibus","lemma":"labor","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"slipping by"},{"surface":"aetas","lemma":"aetas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"age"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b1-l284","source":"cum domus Assaraci Phthiam clarasque Mycenas","translation":"when the house of Assaracus will hold Phthia and famous Mycenae","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Assaraci","lemma":"assaracus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Assaracus"},{"surface":"Phthiam","lemma":"phthia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Phthia"},{"surface":"clarasque","lemma":"clarus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"Mycenas","lemma":"mycenae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Mycenae"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b1-l285","source":"servitio premet, ac victis dominabitur Argis.","translation":"in servitude, and be master of a beaten Argos.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"servitio","lemma":"seruitium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"servitude"},{"surface":"premet","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will hold down"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"victis","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"conquered"},{"surface":"dominabitur","lemma":"dominor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will be master"},{"surface":"Argis","lemma":"argi","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Argos"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b1-l286","source":"Nascetur pulchra Troianus origine Caesar,","translation":"Out of that fair line a Trojan Caesar will be born,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nascetur","lemma":"nascor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be born"},{"surface":"pulchra","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"Troianus","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"origine","lemma":"origo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"Caesar","lemma":"caesar","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Caesar"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b1-l287","source":"imperium oceano, famam qui terminet astris,—","translation":"to bound his rule by the ocean, his fame by the stars,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"imperium","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"rule"},{"surface":"oceano","lemma":"oceanus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ocean"},{"surface":"famam","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"terminet","lemma":"termino","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"might bound"},{"surface":"astris","lemma":"astrum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"stars"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b1-l288","source":"Iulius, a magno demissum nomen Iulo.","translation":"Julius, a name handed down from great Iulus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iulius","lemma":"iulius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Julius"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"demissum","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"handed down"},{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"Iulo","lemma":"iulus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Iulus"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b1-l289","source":"Hunc tu olim caelo, spoliis Orientis onustum,","translation":"Him one day you will take up into heaven, loaded with the spoils","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"olim","lemma":"olim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"one day"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"spoliis","lemma":"spolium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"spoils"},{"surface":"Orientis","lemma":"oriens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"East"},{"surface":"onustum","lemma":"onustus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"loaded"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b1-l290","source":"accipies secura; vocabitur hic quoque votis.","translation":"of the East, with your fear over; he too will be called on in prayer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"accipies","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will take up"},{"surface":"secura","lemma":"securus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"free from care"},{"surface":"vocabitur","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be called"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"quoque","lemma":"quoque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"votis","lemma":"uotum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"prayer"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b1-l291","source":"Aspera tum positis mitescent saecula bellis;","translation":"Then the harsh generations will soften, with wars laid down;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aspera","lemma":"asper","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"positis","lemma":"pono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"laid down"},{"surface":"mitescent","lemma":"mitesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will soften"},{"surface":"saecula","lemma":"saeculum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"generations"},{"surface":"bellis","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wars"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b1-l292","source":"cana Fides, et Vesta, Remo cum fratre Quirinus,","translation":"hoary Faith, and Vesta, and Quirinus with his brother Remus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cana","lemma":"canus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hoary"},{"surface":"Fides","lemma":"fides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Faith"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Vesta","lemma":"uesta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Vesta"},{"surface":"Remo","lemma":"remus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Remus"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"fratre","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"Quirinus","lemma":"quirinus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Quirinus"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b1-l293","source":"iura dabunt; dirae ferro et compagibus artis","translation":"will give law; the grim gates of War will be shut","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iura","lemma":"ius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"laws"},{"surface":"dabunt","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"dirae","lemma":"dirus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"compagibus","lemma":"compages","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bars"},{"surface":"artis","lemma":"artus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tight"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b1-l294","source":"claudentur Belli portae; Furor impius intus,","translation":"with iron and tight-fitting bars; inside, unholy Rage,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"claudentur","lemma":"claudo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be shut"},{"surface":"Belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"portae","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"Furor","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rage"},{"surface":"impius","lemma":"impius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unholy"},{"surface":"intus","lemma":"intus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"inside"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b1-l295","source":"saeva sedens super arma, et centum vinctus aenis","translation":"sitting on savage weapons, and bound behind his back with a hundred","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"saeva","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"sedens","lemma":"sedeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"centum","lemma":"centum","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"one hundred"},{"surface":"vinctus","lemma":"uincio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"aenis","lemma":"aenus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of bronze"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b1-l296","source":"post tergum nodis, fremet horridus ore cruento.”","translation":"knots of bronze, will roar, horrible, with a bloodied mouth.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"post","lemma":"post","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"tergum","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"nodis","lemma":"nodus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"knots"},{"surface":"fremet","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will roar"},{"surface":"horridus","lemma":"horridus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"horrible"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"cruento","lemma":"cruentus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bloodied"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b1-l297","source":"Haec ait, et Maia genitum demittit ab alto,","translation":"He says this, and sends the son of Maia down from on high,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Maia","lemma":"maia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Maia"},{"surface":"genitum","lemma":"gigno","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"demittit","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sends down"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"on high"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b1-l298","source":"ut terrae, utque novae pateant Karthaginis arces","translation":"so that the land and the towers of a new Carthage should open","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"terrae","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"utque","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and so that"},{"surface":"novae","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"pateant","lemma":"pateo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"stand open"},{"surface":"Karthaginis","lemma":"carthago","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Carthage"},{"surface":"arces","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"towers"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b1-l299","source":"hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia Dido","translation":"in welcome to the Teucrians, and Dido, knowing nothing of the fates,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hospitio","lemma":"hospitium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"Teucris","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"fati","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"nescia","lemma":"nescius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"not knowing"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b1-l300","source":"finibus arceret: volat ille per aera magnum","translation":"not keep them from her borders. He flies through the great air","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"finibus","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"borders"},{"surface":"arceret","lemma":"arceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"might keep away"},{"surface":"volat","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"aera","lemma":"aer","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"magnum","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b1-l301","source":"remigio alarum, ac Libyae citus adstitit oris.","translation":"on the oarage of his wings, and stood quickly on the coast of Libya.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l301.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"remigio alarum","title":"Rowing-gear applied to wings","body":"remigio, 'with the rowing-gear,' is the ablative of remigium, the oars and tackle of a ship, here describing Mercury's wings, alarum. Latin can extend a nautical word to flight without any comparison word. The image follows directly after a hundred lines about ships destroyed at sea."}],"words":[{"surface":"remigio","lemma":"remigium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"oarage"},{"surface":"alarum","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Libyae","lemma":"libya","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Libya"},{"surface":"citus","lemma":"citus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quick"},{"surface":"adstitit","lemma":"asto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood at"},{"surface":"oris","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"shores"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b1-l302","source":"Et iam iussa facit, ponuntque ferocia Poeni","translation":"And at once he does what he was told, and the Phoenicians lay down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"iussa","lemma":"iussum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"orders"},{"surface":"facit","lemma":"facio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"ponuntque","lemma":"pono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay down"},{"surface":"ferocia","lemma":"ferox","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"Poeni","lemma":"poeni","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Phoenicians"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b1-l303","source":"corda volente deo; in primis regina quietum","translation":"their fierce hearts, the god willing it; the queen first of all","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"corda","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"volente","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"deo","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"primis","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"quietum","lemma":"quietus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quiet"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b1-l304","source":"accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam.","translation":"takes on a quiet spirit toward the Teucrians, and a kind mind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"accipit","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes on"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Teucros","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"animum","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"mentemque","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"benignam","lemma":"benignus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"kind"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b1-l305","source":"At pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima volvens,","translation":"But dutiful Aeneas, turning very much over through the night,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pius","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dutiful"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"noctem","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"plurima","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter, superlative","role":"object","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"volvens","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"turning over"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b1-l306","source":"ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque","translation":"as soon as the kindly light was given, settled on going out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"lux","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"almus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"data","lemma":"do","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"exire","lemma":"exeo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go out"},{"surface":"locosque","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"country"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b1-l307","source":"explorare novos, quas vento accesserit oras,","translation":"to explore the new country, to ask what shores he had come to","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"explorare","lemma":"exploro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to explore"},{"surface":"novos","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"quas","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"accesserit","lemma":"accedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"he had come to"},{"surface":"oras","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"shores"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b1-l308","source":"qui teneant, nam inculta videt, hominesne feraene,","translation":"on the wind, and who held them, for what he sees is uncultivated,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l308.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hominesne feraene","title":"Two questions marked by ne","body":"hominesne feraene attaches -ne to both nouns, marking an alternative question: 'men, or wild beasts?' Latin can build 'or' into the words themselves rather than using a separate conjunction. Aeneas asks this before he knows anything else about the land."}],"words":[{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"teneant","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"inculta","lemma":"incultus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"uncultivated land"},{"surface":"videt","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"hominesne","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"feraene","lemma":"fera","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"beasts"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b1-l309","source":"quaerere constituit, sociisque exacta referre","translation":"men or animals, and to bring the findings back to his companions.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quaerere","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to ask"},{"surface":"constituit","lemma":"constituo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"decided"},{"surface":"sociisque","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"companions","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"exacta","lemma":"exigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"findings"},{"surface":"referre","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to bring back"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b1-l310","source":"Classem in convexo nemorum sub rupe cavata","translation":"The fleet, in a hollow of the woods under a scooped-out cliff,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Classem","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"convexo","lemma":"conuexum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"nemorum","lemma":"nemus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"woods"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"rupe","lemma":"rupes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"cliff"},{"surface":"cavata","lemma":"cauo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"scooped out"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b1-l311","source":"arboribus clausam circum atque horrentibus umbris","translation":"shut in all round by trees and by bristling shadows,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arboribus","lemma":"arbor","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"clausam","lemma":"claudo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shut in"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"horrentibus","lemma":"horreo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bristling"},{"surface":"umbris","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shadows"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b1-l312","source":"occulit; ipse uno graditur comitatus Achate,","translation":"he hides; he himself goes on with Achates alone for company,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"occulit","lemma":"occulo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hides"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"graditur","lemma":"gradior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes on"},{"surface":"comitatus","lemma":"comitor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"accompanied"},{"surface":"Achate","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b1-l313","source":"bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro.","translation":"brandishing in his hand two shafts with broad iron heads.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bina","lemma":"bini","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"two each"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"lato","lemma":"latus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"crispans","lemma":"crispo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brandishing"},{"surface":"hastilia","lemma":"hastile","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"spear shaft"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b1-l314","source":"Cui mater media sese tulit obvia silva,","translation":"His mother came to meet him in the middle of the wood,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"mater","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"tulit","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"obvia","lemma":"obuius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"silva","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"wood"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b1-l315","source":"virginis os habitumque gerens, et virginis arma","translation":"wearing a girl's face and dress, and a girl's weapons,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"virginis","lemma":"uirgo","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"os","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"habitumque","lemma":"habitus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"dress"},{"surface":"gerens","lemma":"gero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wearing"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"virginis","lemma":"uirgo","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b1-l316","source":"Spartanae, vel qualis equos Threissa fatigat","translation":"a Spartan's, or such as Harpalyce of Thrace, who wears out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Spartanae","lemma":"spartanus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Spartan"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"uel","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"qualis","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"Threissa","lemma":"threissa","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Thracian"},{"surface":"fatigat","lemma":"fatigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"wears out"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b1-l317","source":"Harpalyce, volucremque fuga praevertitur Hebrum.","translation":"her horses and outruns the Hebrus in its flying.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Harpalyce","lemma":"harpalyce","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Harpalyce"},{"surface":"volucremque","lemma":"uolucer","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"fuga","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"praevertitur","lemma":"praeuerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"outruns"},{"surface":"Hebrum","lemma":"hebrus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Hebrus"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b1-l318","source":"Namque umeris de more habilem suspenderat arcum","translation":"For she had slung a handy bow from her shoulders, as a huntress","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"umeris","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"more","lemma":"mos","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"custom"},{"surface":"habilem","lemma":"habilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"handy"},{"surface":"suspenderat","lemma":"suspendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had hung"},{"surface":"arcum","lemma":"arcus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b1-l319","source":"venatrix, dederatque comam diffundere ventis,","translation":"does, and given her hair to the winds to scatter,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"venatrix","lemma":"uenatrix","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"huntress"},{"surface":"dederatque","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"comam","lemma":"coma","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"diffundere","lemma":"diffundo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to scatter"},{"surface":"ventis","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b1-l320","source":"nuda genu, nodoque sinus collecta fluentis.","translation":"her knee bare, the flowing folds gathered up in a knot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nuda","lemma":"nudus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"genu","lemma":"genu","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"knee"},{"surface":"nodoque","lemma":"nodus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"knot"},{"surface":"sinus","lemma":"sinus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"folds"},{"surface":"collecta","lemma":"colligo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"fluentis","lemma":"fluo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flowing"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b1-l321","source":"Ac prior, “Heus” inquit “iuvenes, monstrate mearum","translation":"And first she says: “You there, young men, tell me if","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"prior","lemma":"prior","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Heus","lemma":"heus","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"hey"},{"surface":"inquit","lemma":"inquam","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"iuvenes","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"monstrate","lemma":"monstro","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"show"},{"surface":"mearum","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b1-l322","source":"vidistis si quam hic errantem forte sororum,","translation":"by chance you have seen one of my sisters straying here,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vidistis","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"have seen"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"errantem","lemma":"erro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"straying"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"forte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by chance"},{"surface":"sororum","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"sisters"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b1-l323","source":"succinctam pharetra et maculosae tegmine lyncis,","translation":"a quiver at her belt, the hide of a spotted lynx on her,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"succinctam","lemma":"succingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"girded"},{"surface":"pharetra","lemma":"pharetra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"quiver"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"maculosae","lemma":"maculosus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"spotted"},{"surface":"tegmine","lemma":"tegmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"lyncis","lemma":"lynx","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"lynx"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b1-l324","source":"aut spumantis apri cursum clamore prementem.”","translation":"or pressing hard with shouts on the run of a foaming boar.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"spumantis","lemma":"spumo","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"foaming"},{"surface":"apri","lemma":"aper","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"boar"},{"surface":"cursum","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"clamore","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"prementem","lemma":"premo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pressing"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b1-l325","source":"Sic Venus; et Veneris contra sic filius orsus:","translation":"So Venus; and so in answer the son of Venus began:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Veneris","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"filius","lemma":"filius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"orsus","lemma":"ordior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b1-l326","source":"“Nulla tuarum audita mihi neque visa sororum—","translation":"“Not one of your sisters have I heard or seen,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nulla","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"tuarum","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"audita","lemma":"audio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"visa","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"sororum","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"sisters"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b1-l327","source":"O quam te memorem, virgo? Namque haud tibi voltus","translation":"how am I to call you, girl? For your face is not","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"memorem","lemma":"memoro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"virgo","lemma":"uirgo","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"Namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"voltus","lemma":"uultus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b1-l328","source":"mortalis, nec vox hominem sonat: O, dea certe—","translation":"a mortal's, and your voice does not sound human: a goddess, surely:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l328.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nec vox hominem sonat","title":"A verb of sound taking an object","body":"sonat, 'sounds,' here governs hominem, 'a human being,' as a direct object: literally 'your voice does not sound a human.' Latin lets a verb of making sound take what the sound resembles as its object. English needs an extra phrase, 'sound like,' to say the same thing."}],"words":[{"surface":"mortalis","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"mortal's"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"vox","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"hominem","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"human"},{"surface":"sonat","lemma":"sono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sounds"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"certe","lemma":"certe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"surely"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b1-l329","source":"an Phoebi soror? an nympharum sanguinis una?—","translation":"Phoebus' sister? or one of the blood of the nymphs?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Phoebi","lemma":"phoebus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"nympharum","lemma":"nympha","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"nymphs"},{"surface":"sanguinis","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b1-l330","source":"sis felix, nostrumque leves, quaecumque, laborem,","translation":"be kind, whoever you are, and lighten our hardship,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sis","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"may you be"},{"surface":"felix","lemma":"felix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"nostrumque","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"leves","lemma":"leuo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"lighten"},{"surface":"quaecumque","lemma":"quicumque","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"laborem","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hardship"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b1-l331","source":"et, quo sub caelo tandem, quibus orbis in oris","translation":"and teach us at last under what sky, on what coasts of the world","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"tandem","lemma":"tandem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"orbis","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"oris","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"coasts"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b1-l332","source":"iactemur, doceas. Ignari hominumque locorumque","translation":"we are being thrown about. We wander knowing neither the men","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iactemur","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present subjunctive passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"are being thrown about"},{"surface":"doceas","lemma":"doceo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"may you teach"},{"surface":"Ignari","lemma":"ignarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"knowing nothing"},{"surface":"hominumque","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"locorumque","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"places"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b1-l333","source":"erramus, vento huc vastis et fluctibus acti:","translation":"nor the place, driven here by wind and by huge seas:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"erramus","lemma":"erro","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wander"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"to here"},{"surface":"vastis","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fluctibus","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"seas"},{"surface":"acti","lemma":"ago","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been driven"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b1-l334","source":"multa tibi ante aras nostra cadet hostia dextra.”","translation":"many a victim will fall by our right hand before your altars.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"many a"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"aras","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"altars"},{"surface":"nostra","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"cadet","lemma":"cado","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fall"},{"surface":"hostia","lemma":"hostia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"victim"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b1-l335","source":"Tum Venus: “Haud equidem tali me dignor honore;","translation":"Then Venus: “I hardly think myself worth such honor;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"Haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"equidem","lemma":"equidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"tali","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"dignor","lemma":"dignor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"I deem worthy"},{"surface":"honore","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"honor"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b1-l336","source":"virginibus Tyriis mos est gestare pharetram,","translation":"it is the custom of Tyrian girls to carry a quiver","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"virginibus","lemma":"uirgo","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"maidens"},{"surface":"Tyriis","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrian"},{"surface":"mos","lemma":"mos","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"custom"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"gestare","lemma":"gesto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to carry about"},{"surface":"pharetram","lemma":"pharetra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"quiver"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b1-l337","source":"purpureoque alte suras vincire cothurno.","translation":"and to bind the calf high with a purple hunting boot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"purpureoque","lemma":"purpureus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"alte","lemma":"alte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"suras","lemma":"sura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"calves"},{"surface":"vincire","lemma":"uincio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to bind"},{"surface":"cothurno","lemma":"cothurnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"high boot"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b1-l338","source":"Punica regna vides, Tyrios et Agenoris urbem;","translation":"You are looking at a Punic kingdom, at Tyrians, at Agenor's city;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Punica","lemma":"punicus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Punic"},{"surface":"regna","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kingdoms"},{"surface":"vides","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"Tyrios","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Tyrians"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Agenoris","lemma":"agenor","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Agenor"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b1-l339","source":"sed fines Libyci, genus intractabile bello.","translation":"but the country is Libyan, a people not to be handled in war.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"fines","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"Libyci","lemma":"libycus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Libyan"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"intractabile","lemma":"intractabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"not to be handled"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b1-l340","source":"Imperium Dido Tyria regit urbe profecta,","translation":"Dido holds the rule here, who set out from the city of Tyre","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Imperium","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"rule"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"Tyria","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrian"},{"surface":"regit","lemma":"rego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"urbe","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"profecta","lemma":"proficiscor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having set out"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b1-l341","source":"germanum fugiens. Longa est iniuria, longae","translation":"in flight from her brother. The wrong is long, and long","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"germanum","lemma":"germanus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"fugiens","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"Longa","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"iniuria","lemma":"iniuria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"longae","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b1-l342","source":"ambages; sed summa sequar fastigia rerum.","translation":"the windings of it; but I will follow the high points.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ambages","lemma":"ambages","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"windings"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"summa","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"sequar","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will follow"},{"surface":"fastigia","lemma":"fastigium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"points"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"matter"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b1-l343","source":"Huic coniunx Sychaeus erat, ditissimus agri","translation":"Her husband was Sychaeus, the richest in land","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Huic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"coniunx","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"Sychaeus","lemma":"sychaeus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"Sychaeus"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ditissimus","lemma":"diues","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"richest"},{"surface":"agri","lemma":"ager","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b1-l344","source":"Phoenicum, et magno miserae dilectus amore,","translation":"of the Phoenicians, and loved by the poor woman with a great love,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Phoenicum","lemma":"phoenices","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Phoenicians"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"miserae","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"dilectus","lemma":"diligo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"amore","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b1-l345","source":"cui pater intactam dederat, primisque iugarat","translation":"to whom her father had given her untouched, and had yoked her","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"intactam","lemma":"intactus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"untouched"},{"surface":"dederat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"primisque","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"iugarat","lemma":"iugo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had yoked"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b1-l346","source":"ominibus. Sed regna Tyri germanus habebat","translation":"in her first marriage rites. But her brother held the kingdom of Tyre,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ominibus","lemma":"omen","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rites"},{"surface":"Sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"regna","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kingdoms"},{"surface":"Tyri","lemma":"tyrus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Tyre"},{"surface":"germanus","lemma":"germanus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"habebat","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b1-l347","source":"Pygmalion, scelere ante alios immanior omnes.","translation":"Pygmalion, more monstrous in crime than all other men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pygmalion","lemma":"pygmalion","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Pygmalion"},{"surface":"scelere","lemma":"scelus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"alios","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"immanior","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"more monstrous"},{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b1-l348","source":"Quos inter medius venit furor. Ille Sychaeum","translation":"Between the two of them madness came. He, unholy and blind","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l348.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"impius","title":"A negated form of pius","body":"impius, 'unholy, disloyal,' is formed by negating pius, 'dutiful,' the adjective used elsewhere of Aeneas. It describes Pygmalion, who kills at an altar for gold and in secret. The same root carries opposite moral weight depending on the prefix."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"medius","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"venit","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"furor","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"madness"},{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Sychaeum","lemma":"sychaeus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Sychaeus"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b1-l349","source":"impius ante aras, atque auri caecus amore,","translation":"with love of gold, took Sychaeus off his guard before the very","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"impius","lemma":"impius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unholy"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"aras","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"altars"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auri","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"caecus","lemma":"caecus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"blind"},{"surface":"amore","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b1-l350","source":"clam ferro incautum superat, securus amorum","translation":"altars and cut him down in secret with iron, not caring for","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"clam","lemma":"clam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"secretly"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"incautum","lemma":"incautus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"off guard"},{"surface":"superat","lemma":"supero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"overcomes"},{"surface":"securus","lemma":"securus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"not caring"},{"surface":"amorum","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b1-l351","source":"germanae; factumque diu celavit, et aegram,","translation":"his sister's love; and he hid the deed a long time, and, feigning much,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"germanae","lemma":"germana","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"sister, own sister"},{"surface":"factumque","lemma":"factum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"diu","lemma":"diu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for a long time"},{"surface":"celavit","lemma":"celo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hid"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aegram","lemma":"aeger","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sick"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b1-l352","source":"multa malus simulans, vana spe lusit amantem.","translation":"the villain played on the sick woman's empty hope.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"malus","lemma":"malus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"villainous"},{"surface":"simulans","lemma":"simulo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"feigning"},{"surface":"vana","lemma":"uanus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"spe","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"lusit","lemma":"ludo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"amantem","lemma":"amo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the loving woman"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b1-l353","source":"Ipsa sed in somnis inhumati venit imago","translation":"But the ghost of the unburied husband came to her","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the very"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"somnis","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"dreams"},{"surface":"inhumati","lemma":"inhumatus","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unburied"},{"surface":"venit","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"imago","lemma":"imago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"ghost"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b1-l354","source":"coniugis, ora modis attollens pallida miris,","translation":"in her sleep, lifting a face pale in ways past telling,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"coniugis","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"modis","lemma":"modus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ways"},{"surface":"attollens","lemma":"attollo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lifting"},{"surface":"pallida","lemma":"pallidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"miris","lemma":"mirus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"past telling"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b1-l355","source":"crudeles aras traiectaque pectora ferro","translation":"and laid bare the cruel altars and the breast run through","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"crudeles","lemma":"crudelis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"aras","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"altars"},{"surface":"traiectaque","lemma":"traicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"run through","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b1-l356","source":"nudavit, caecumque domus scelus omne retexit.","translation":"with iron, and unwove all the hidden crime of the house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nudavit","lemma":"nudo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid bare"},{"surface":"caecumque","lemma":"caecus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"scelus","lemma":"scelus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"omne","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"retexit","lemma":"retexo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"unveiled"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b1-l357","source":"Tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet,","translation":"Then he urges her to hurry her flight and get out of her country,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"celerare","lemma":"celero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to hasten"},{"surface":"fugam","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"patriaque","lemma":"patria","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"country","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"excedere","lemma":"excedo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to get out"},{"surface":"suadet","lemma":"suadeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"urges"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b1-l358","source":"auxiliumque viae veteres tellure recludit","translation":"and as help for the road he opens up out of the earth","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"auxiliumque","lemma":"auxilium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"help","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"viae","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"veteres","lemma":"uetus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"tellure","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"recludit","lemma":"recludo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"opens"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b1-l359","source":"thesauros, ignotum argenti pondus et auri.","translation":"old stores of treasure, an unknown weight of silver and gold.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"thesauros","lemma":"thesaurus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"stores"},{"surface":"ignotum","lemma":"ignotus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unknown"},{"surface":"argenti","lemma":"argentum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"pondus","lemma":"pondus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"weight"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auri","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b1-l360","source":"His commota fugam Dido sociosque parabat:","translation":"Stirred by this, Dido was getting flight and companions ready:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"His","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by this"},{"surface":"commota","lemma":"commoueo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"fugam","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"sociosque","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"companions","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"parabat","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was getting ready"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b1-l361","source":"conveniunt, quibus aut odium crudele tyranni","translation":"they come together, all who had either a hard hatred of the tyrant","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conveniunt","lemma":"conuenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"come together"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"odium","lemma":"odium","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"hatred"},{"surface":"crudele","lemma":"crudelis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"tyranni","lemma":"tyrannus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"tyrant"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b1-l362","source":"aut metus acer erat; navis, quae forte paratae,","translation":"or a sharp fear; ships that happened to be ready","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"metus","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"acer","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"navis","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"forte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by chance"},{"surface":"paratae","lemma":"paro","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"made ready"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b1-l363","source":"corripiunt, onerantque auro: portantur avari","translation":"they seize, and load with gold: the wealth of grasping","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"corripiunt","lemma":"corripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"seize"},{"surface":"onerantque","lemma":"onero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"load"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with gold"},{"surface":"portantur","lemma":"porto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are carried"},{"surface":"avari","lemma":"auarus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"greedy"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b1-l364","source":"Pygmalionis opes pelago; dux femina facti.","translation":"Pygmalion is carried over the sea. A woman was the leader of the deed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l364.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dux femina facti","title":"A sentence with no verb","body":"dux femina facti has no verb: 'leader, a woman, of the deed.' facti is a genitive with dux, 'leader of the deed.' Latin can end a sentence on three bare nouns in apposition, with no word for 'was.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Pygmalionis","lemma":"pygmalion","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Pygmalion"},{"surface":"opes","lemma":"ops","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"pelago","lemma":"pelagus","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"dux","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"femina","lemma":"femina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"facti","lemma":"factum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the deed"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b1-l365","source":"Devenere locos, ubi nunc ingentia cernis","translation":"They came down to the place where you now see the huge","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Devenere","lemma":"deuenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came to"},{"surface":"locos","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ingentia","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"cernis","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you see"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b1-l366","source":"moenia surgentemque novae Karthaginis arcem,","translation":"walls and the rising citadel of new Carthage,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"surgentemque","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"novae","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"Karthaginis","lemma":"carthago","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Carthage"},{"surface":"arcem","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b1-l367","source":"mercatique solum, facti de nomine Byrsam,","translation":"and bought ground (the Byrsa, from the name of the bargain),","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mercatique","lemma":"mercor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"bought","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"solum","lemma":"solum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"facti","lemma":"factum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the deed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"nomine","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the name"},{"surface":"Byrsam","lemma":"byrsa","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Byrsa"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b1-l368","source":"taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo.","translation":"as much as they could go round with a bull's hide.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"taurino","lemma":"taurinus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bull's"},{"surface":"quantum","lemma":"quantus","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"possent","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"they could"},{"surface":"circumdare","lemma":"circumdo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to surround"},{"surface":"tergo","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a hide"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b1-l369","source":"Sed vos qui tandem, quibus aut venistis ab oris,","translation":"But who are you, after all? From what shores have you come,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tandem","lemma":"tandem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"venistis","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have come"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"oris","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shores"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b1-l370","source":"quove tenetis iter?” Quaerenti talibus ille","translation":"and where are you holding your course?” To her asking such things he,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quove","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"tenetis","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"iter","lemma":"iter","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"Quaerenti","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to her asking"},{"surface":"talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b1-l371","source":"suspirans, imoque trahens a pectore vocem:","translation":"sighing, and drawing his voice from the bottom of his chest:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"suspirans","lemma":"suspiro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sighing"},{"surface":"imoque","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"and from the depths"},{"surface":"trahens","lemma":"traho","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"vocem","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b1-l372","source":"“O dea, si prima repetens ab origine pergam,","translation":"“Goddess, if I went back to the first beginning and went on,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"repetens","lemma":"repeto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"going back to"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"origine","lemma":"origo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"pergam","lemma":"pergo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I should go on"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b1-l373","source":"et vacet annalis nostrorum audire laborum,","translation":"and there were time to hear the annals of our hardships,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vacet","lemma":"uaco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"there were time"},{"surface":"annalis","lemma":"annalis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"annals"},{"surface":"nostrorum","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"audire","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"laborum","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of hardships"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b1-l374","source":"ante diem clauso componat Vesper Olympo.","translation":"the Evening Star would close Olympus and lay the day to rest first.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"diem","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"clauso","lemma":"claudo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been closed"},{"surface":"componat","lemma":"compono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would lay to rest"},{"surface":"Vesper","lemma":"uesper","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"Olympo","lemma":"olympus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b1-l375","source":"Nos Troia antiqua, si vestras forte per auris","translation":"We are from ancient Troy, if the name of Troy has by chance","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nos","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"Troia","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"from Troy"},{"surface":"antiqua","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"vestras","lemma":"uester","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"forte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by chance"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"auris","lemma":"auris","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"ears"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b1-l376","source":"Troiae nomen iit, diversa per aequora vectos","translation":"come through your ears, and as we were carried over strange seas","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the name"},{"surface":"iit","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come"},{"surface":"diversa","lemma":"diuersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"seas"},{"surface":"vectos","lemma":"ueho","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"carried"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b1-l377","source":"forte sua Libycis tempestas adpulit oris.","translation":"a storm by its own whim drove us onto the Libyan coast.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"forte","lemma":"fors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"Libycis","lemma":"libycus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Libyan"},{"surface":"tempestas","lemma":"tempestas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"adpulit","lemma":"appello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"oris","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"onto the shores"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b1-l378","source":"Sum pius Aeneas, raptos qui ex hoste Penates","translation":"I am dutiful Aeneas, who carry the household gods snatched","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sum","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"pius","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"dutiful"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"raptos","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"snatched"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"hoste","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the enemy"},{"surface":"Penates","lemma":"penates","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"household gods"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b1-l379","source":"classe veho mecum, fama super aethera notus.","translation":"from the enemy with me in my fleet, known by report beyond the sky.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"classe","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"veho","lemma":"ueho","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I carry"},{"surface":"mecum","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by report"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"aethera","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the sky"},{"surface":"notus","lemma":"nosco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"known"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b1-l380","source":"Italiam quaero patriam et genus ab Iove summo.","translation":"I am looking for Italy, my fatherland, and a line from highest Jove.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l380.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Italiam quaero patriam","title":"A word for ancestral homeland","body":"patria, 'fatherland,' names the land of one's ancestors, not necessarily where one was born. Here it stands in apposition to Italiam, which Aeneas has never seen. quaero, 'I seek,' takes both as its object: he searches for a fatherland he does not yet know."}],"words":[{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"quaero","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"seek"},{"surface":"patriam","lemma":"patria","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"my fatherland"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Iove","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Jove"},{"surface":"summo","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"highest"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b1-l381","source":"Bis denis Phrygium conscendi navibus aequor,","translation":"With twice ten ships I went up onto the Phrygian sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"twice"},{"surface":"denis","lemma":"deni","morphology":"numeral, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ten each"},{"surface":"Phrygium","lemma":"phrygius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Phrygian"},{"surface":"conscendi","lemma":"conscendo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I went up on"},{"surface":"navibus","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"aequor","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b1-l382","source":"matre dea monstrante viam, data fata secutus;","translation":"my goddess mother showing the way, following the fates I was given;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"matre","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"monstrante","lemma":"monstro","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"showing"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the way"},{"surface":"data","lemma":"do","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been given"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"secutus","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having followed"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b1-l383","source":"vix septem convolsae undis Euroque supersunt.","translation":"scarcely seven are left, wrenched apart by the waves and the East Wind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vix","lemma":"uix","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"scarcely"},{"surface":"septem","lemma":"septem","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"convolsae","lemma":"conuello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wrenched apart"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"Euroque","lemma":"eurus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"and by the East Wind"},{"surface":"supersunt","lemma":"supersum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"remain"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b1-l384","source":"Ipse ignotus, egens, Libyae deserta peragro,","translation":"I myself, unknown and in want, tramp the deserts of Libya,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"ignotus","lemma":"ignotus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unknown"},{"surface":"egens","lemma":"egeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in want"},{"surface":"Libyae","lemma":"libya","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Libya"},{"surface":"deserta","lemma":"desertus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the deserts"},{"surface":"peragro","lemma":"peragro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I tramp through"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b1-l385","source":"Europa atque Asia pulsus.” Nec plura querentem","translation":"driven out of Europe and out of Asia.” Venus did not put up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l385.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Nec plura querentem passa","title":"An object left to be understood","body":"querentem, 'complaining,' is an accusative present participle whose object, Aeneas, is not restated because passa, 'having endured,' already governs him. Literally: 'not having endured him complaining more.' Latin can let one accusative serve two verbs without repeating it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Europa","lemma":"europa","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"from Europe"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Asia","lemma":"asia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"from Asia"},{"surface":"pulsus","lemma":"pello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been driven off"},{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"plura","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"querentem","lemma":"queror","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"complaining"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b1-l386","source":"passa Venus medio sic interfata dolore est:","translation":"with more complaining, and cut into his grief in the middle:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"passa","lemma":"patior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"enduring"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"medio","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in the middle of"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"interfata","lemma":"interfor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"interrupted"},{"surface":"dolore","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b1-l387","source":"“Quisquis es, haud, credo, invisus caelestibus auras","translation":"“Whoever you are, I do not think you draw the breath of life","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l387.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"auras vitalis carpis","title":"Picking, applied to breathing","body":"carpis, 'you pluck,' is the verb used of picking fruit or pulling wool apart, here taking auras ... vitalis, 'the breath of life,' as its object. To be alive is expressed as taking in air in small handfuls rather than simply breathing. carpis is second person singular present."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quisquis","lemma":"quisquis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"credo","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"invisus","lemma":"inuisus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"hated"},{"surface":"caelestibus","lemma":"caelestis","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the gods above"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"breezes"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b1-l388","source":"vitalis carpis, Tyriam qui adveneris urbem.","translation":"hated by the powers above, since you have reached a Tyrian city.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vitalis","lemma":"uitalis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of life"},{"surface":"carpis","lemma":"carpo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you draw"},{"surface":"Tyriam","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrian"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"since you"},{"surface":"adveneris","lemma":"aduenio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you have reached"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b1-l389","source":"Perge modo, atque hinc te reginae ad limina perfer,","translation":"Only go on, and take yourself from here to the queen's door.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perge","lemma":"pergo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"go on"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"only just"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"reginae","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"limina","lemma":"limen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"perfer","lemma":"perfero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"carry through"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b1-l390","source":"Namque tibi reduces socios classemque relatam","translation":"For I tell you your companions are restored and your fleet","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"reduces","lemma":"redux","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"restored"},{"surface":"socios","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"classemque","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"relatam","lemma":"refero","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been brought back"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b1-l391","source":"nuntio, et in tutum versis aquilonibus actam,","translation":"brought back, driven into safety by a shift of the north winds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nuntio","lemma":"nuntio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"announce"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tutum","lemma":"tutus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"safety"},{"surface":"versis","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having shifted"},{"surface":"aquilonibus","lemma":"aquilo","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"north wind"},{"surface":"actam","lemma":"ago","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been driven"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b1-l392","source":"ni frustra augurium vani docuere parentes.","translation":"unless my parents taught me augury for nothing, and taught it falsely.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"frustra","lemma":"frustra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"augurium","lemma":"augurium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"augury"},{"surface":"vani","lemma":"uanus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"deceiving"},{"surface":"docuere","lemma":"doceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"taught"},{"surface":"parentes","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b1-l393","source":"Aspice bis senos laetantis agmine cycnos,","translation":"Look at those twelve swans rejoicing in a line together,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aspice","lemma":"aspicio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"look at"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"twice"},{"surface":"senos","lemma":"seni","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"six each"},{"surface":"laetantis","lemma":"laetor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"agmine","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a line"},{"surface":"cycnos","lemma":"cycnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"swans"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b1-l394","source":"aetheria quos lapsa plaga Iovis ales aperto","translation":"which the bird of Jove, dropping down out of the upper sky,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aetheria","lemma":"aetherius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the upper air"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"lapsa","lemma":"labor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gliding down"},{"surface":"plaga","lemma":"plaga","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"region"},{"surface":"Iovis","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Jove"},{"surface":"ales","lemma":"ales","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the bird"},{"surface":"aperto","lemma":"apertus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"open"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b1-l395","source":"turbabat caelo; nunc terras ordine longo","translation":"was scattering in the open air; now in a long file they seem","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"turbabat","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was scattering"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"ordine","lemma":"ordo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"longo","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b1-l396","source":"aut capere, aut captas iam despectare videntur:","translation":"either to be taking the ground or looking down on ground already taken:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"capere","lemma":"capio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to land on"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"captas","lemma":"capio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been taken"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"despectare","lemma":"despecto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to look down on"},{"surface":"videntur","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"they seem"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b1-l397","source":"ut reduces illi ludunt stridentibus alis,","translation":"as they come back and play with whistling wings,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"reduces","lemma":"redux","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ludunt","lemma":"ludo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"play"},{"surface":"stridentibus","lemma":"strideo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whistling"},{"surface":"alis","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wings"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b1-l398","source":"et coetu cinxere polum, cantusque dedere,","translation":"and have ringed the pole in a flock, and have given out their song,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"coetu","lemma":"coetus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a flock"},{"surface":"cinxere","lemma":"cingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have ringed"},{"surface":"polum","lemma":"polus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the pole"},{"surface":"cantusque","lemma":"cantus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"songs"},{"surface":"dedere","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have given"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b1-l399","source":"haud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum","translation":"no differently do your ships and the young men of your people","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aliter","lemma":"aliter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"puppesque","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"tuae","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"pubesque","lemma":"pubes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"tuorum","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of your people"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b1-l400","source":"aut portum tenet aut pleno subit ostia velo.","translation":"either hold the harbor or come up to its mouth under full sail.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"portum","lemma":"portus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"harbor"},{"surface":"tenet","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"pleno","lemma":"plenus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"subit","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes up to"},{"surface":"ostia","lemma":"ostium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the mouth"},{"surface":"velo","lemma":"uelum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"under sail"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b1-l401","source":"Perge modo, et, qua te ducit via, dirige gressum.”","translation":"Only go on, and turn your step where the road leads you.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perge","lemma":"pergo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"go on"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"only just"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ducit","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"leads"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"dirige","lemma":"dirigo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"gressum","lemma":"gressus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"step"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b1-l402","source":"Dixit, et avertens rosea cervice refulsit,","translation":"She spoke, and as she turned away her rose-colored neck flashed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dixit","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"avertens","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"turning away"},{"surface":"rosea","lemma":"roseus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rose-colored"},{"surface":"cervice","lemma":"ceruix","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with her neck"},{"surface":"refulsit","lemma":"refulgeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flashed back"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b1-l403","source":"ambrosiaeque comae divinum vertice odorem","translation":"and from her head the hair of the gods breathed out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ambrosiaeque","lemma":"ambrosius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"immortal, divine","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"comae","lemma":"coma","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hairs"},{"surface":"divinum","lemma":"diuinus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"from her head"},{"surface":"odorem","lemma":"odor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fragrance"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b1-l404","source":"spiravere, pedes vestis defluxit ad imos,","translation":"a divine fragrance; her robe flowed down to the base of her feet,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"spiravere","lemma":"spiro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"breathed"},{"surface":"pedes","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"vestis","lemma":"uestis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"her robe"},{"surface":"defluxit","lemma":"defluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flowed"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"imos","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the base of"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b1-l405","source":"et vera incessu patuit dea. Ille ubi matrem","translation":"and in her going she was plain, a true goddess. When he knew","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l405.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"et vera incessu patuit dea","title":"A goddess known by her walk","body":"incessu, 'by her gait,' is an ablative of means with patuit, 'she became evident.' patuit is the verb ordinarily used of a door standing open. Venus is revealed by nothing but her manner of walking, and the verb names disclosure rather than transformation."}],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vera","lemma":"uerus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"incessu","lemma":"incessus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in her going"},{"surface":"patuit","lemma":"pateo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was plain"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"a goddess"},{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"matrem","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b1-l406","source":"adgnovit, tali fugientem est voce secutus:","translation":"his mother, he followed her flight with words like these:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adgnovit","lemma":"agnosco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"tali","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"fugientem","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"her fleeing"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"secutus","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b1-l407","source":"“Quid natum totiens, crudelis tu quoque, falsis","translation":"“Why do you mock your son so often, cruel like the rest,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l407.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"crudelis tu quoque","title":"The word that means also","body":"quoque, 'too, as well,' places Venus among the other gods who have been troubling Aeneas. tu, 'you,' is emphatic, singling her out by contrast. It is the only reproach he makes to his mother in the book."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"natum","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"totiens","lemma":"totiens","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so often"},{"surface":"crudelis","lemma":"crudelis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"quoque","lemma":"quoque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"falsis","lemma":"falsus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"false"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b1-l408","source":"ludis imaginibus? Cur dextrae iungere dextram","translation":"with shapes that are not so? Why is it not granted to join hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ludis","lemma":"ludo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"mock"},{"surface":"imaginibus","lemma":"imago","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with shapes"},{"surface":"Cur","lemma":"cur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"dextrae","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"iungere","lemma":"iungo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to join"},{"surface":"dextram","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"right hand"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b1-l409","source":"non datur, ac veras audire et reddere voces?”","translation":"to hand, and to hear true speech and give it back?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"datur","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is granted"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"veras","lemma":"uerus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"audire","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"reddere","lemma":"reddo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"give back"},{"surface":"voces","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"speech"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b1-l410","source":"Talibus incusat, gressumque ad moenia tendit:","translation":"With such words he blames her, and bends his step toward the walls.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"incusat","lemma":"incuso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"blames"},{"surface":"gressumque","lemma":"gressus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"tendit","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bends"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b1-l411","source":"at Venus obscuro gradientes aere saepsit,","translation":"But Venus fenced them in a dark air as they walked,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"obscuro","lemma":"obscurus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"gradientes","lemma":"gradior","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"as they walked"},{"surface":"aere","lemma":"aer","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"saepsit","lemma":"saepio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fenced"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b1-l412","source":"et multo nebulae circum dea fudit amictu,","translation":"and the goddess poured a thick cloak of cloud around them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"multo","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"nebulae","lemma":"nebula","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of cloud"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"fudit","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"amictu","lemma":"amictus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cloak"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b1-l413","source":"cernere ne quis eos, neu quis contingere posset,","translation":"so that no one could make them out, or lay a hand on them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cernere","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"make out"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"eos","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"neu","lemma":"neu","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"contingere","lemma":"contingo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to touch"},{"surface":"posset","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b1-l414","source":"molirive moram, aut veniendi poscere causas.","translation":"or set up any delay, or ask the reasons for their coming.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"molirive","lemma":"molior","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"set up","note":"-ve attached: \"or.\""},{"surface":"moram","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"veniendi","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"gerund, genitive","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"poscere","lemma":"posco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to ask"},{"surface":"causas","lemma":"causa","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"reasons"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b1-l415","source":"Ipsa Paphum sublimis abit, sedesque revisit","translation":"She herself goes off on high to Paphos, and glad revisits","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"Paphum","lemma":"paphus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"to Paphos"},{"surface":"sublimis","lemma":"sublimis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"on high"},{"surface":"abit","lemma":"abeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes away"},{"surface":"sedesque","lemma":"sedes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"revisit","lemma":"reuiso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"revisits"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b1-l416","source":"laeta suas, ubi templum illi, centumque Sabaeo","translation":"her own seat, where her temple stands, and a hundred altars","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"laeta","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"suas","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"templum","lemma":"templum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"centumque","lemma":"centum","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"one hundred"},{"surface":"Sabaeo","lemma":"sabaeus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Sabaean"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b1-l417","source":"ture calent arae, sertisque recentibus halant.","translation":"are warm with Sabaean incense and breathe with fresh garlands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ture","lemma":"tus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"incense"},{"surface":"calent","lemma":"caleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are warm"},{"surface":"arae","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"altars"},{"surface":"sertisque","lemma":"sertum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with garlands"},{"surface":"recentibus","lemma":"recens","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"halant","lemma":"halo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"breathe"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b1-l418","source":"Corripuere viam interea, qua semita monstrat.","translation":"Meanwhile they took the road at speed, where the footpath shows it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Corripuere","lemma":"corripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"semita","lemma":"semita","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the footpath"},{"surface":"monstrat","lemma":"monstro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"shows"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b1-l419","source":"Iamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi","translation":"And now they were climbing the hill that hangs most over","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"and now"},{"surface":"ascendebant","lemma":"ascendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"climbed"},{"surface":"collem","lemma":"collis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the hill"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"plurimus","lemma":"plurimus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"urbi","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b1-l420","source":"imminet, adversasque adspectat desuper arces.","translation":"the city, and looks down from above on the towers facing it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"imminet","lemma":"immineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"hangs"},{"surface":"adversasque","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"adspectat","lemma":"aspecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"looks"},{"surface":"desuper","lemma":"desuper","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"arces","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the towers"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b1-l421","source":"Miratur molem Aeneas, magalia quondam,","translation":"Aeneas marvels at the mass of it, huts once,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l421.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"magalia","title":"A borrowed word for huts","body":"magalia is a Punic loanword for the round huts of North African herdsmen, kept untranslated rather than given a Latin equivalent. It names what stood on this ground before Carthage was built. The plural is neuter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Miratur","lemma":"miror","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"marvels at"},{"surface":"molem","lemma":"moles","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"large mass"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"magalia","lemma":"magalia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"quondam","lemma":"quondam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"once"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b1-l422","source":"miratur portas strepitumque et strata viarum.","translation":"marvels at the gates, at the din, at the paving of the streets.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"miratur","lemma":"miror","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"marvels at"},{"surface":"portas","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"strepitumque","lemma":"strepitus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the din"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"strata","lemma":"stratum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"pavement"},{"surface":"viarum","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the streets"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b1-l423","source":"Instant ardentes Tyrii pars ducere muros,","translation":"The Tyrians press on, burning: some to run the walls out,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Instant","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"press on"},{"surface":"ardentes","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"Tyrii","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Tyrians"},{"surface":"pars","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ducere","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to run out"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"walls"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b1-l424","source":"molirique arcem et manibus subvolvere saxa,","translation":"to heave up the citadel and roll stones by hand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"molirique","lemma":"molior","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to heave up"},{"surface":"arcem","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"citadel"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"manibus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"subvolvere","lemma":"subuoluo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to roll uphill"},{"surface":"saxa","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stones"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b1-l425","source":"pars optare locum tecto et concludere sulco.","translation":"some to pick a site for a house and close it round with a furrow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pars","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"optare","lemma":"opto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to pick"},{"surface":"locum","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"site"},{"surface":"tecto","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for a house"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"concludere","lemma":"concludo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"close round"},{"surface":"sulco","lemma":"sulcus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"furrow"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b1-l426","source":"Iura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum;","translation":"They are choosing laws and magistrates and a sacred senate;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iura","lemma":"ius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"laws"},{"surface":"magistratusque","lemma":"magistratus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"magistrates"},{"surface":"legunt","lemma":"lego","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are choosing"},{"surface":"sanctumque","lemma":"sanctus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"senatum","lemma":"senatus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"senate"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b1-l427","source":"hic portus alii effodiunt; hic alta theatris","translation":"here others are digging out harbors; here others laying deep","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"portus","lemma":"portus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"harbors"},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"effodiunt","lemma":"effodio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"dig out"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"theatris","lemma":"theatrum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"theaters"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b1-l428","source":"fundamenta locant alii, immanisque columnas","translation":"foundations for theaters, and cutting enormous columns","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fundamenta","lemma":"fundamentum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"foundations"},{"surface":"locant","lemma":"loco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are laying"},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"immanisque","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"columnas","lemma":"columna","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"columns"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b1-l429","source":"rupibus excidunt, scaenis decora alta futuris.","translation":"out of the cliffs, tall ornament for stages that are still to come.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"rupibus","lemma":"rupes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cliffs"},{"surface":"excidunt","lemma":"excido","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut out"},{"surface":"scaenis","lemma":"scaena","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for the stages"},{"surface":"decora","lemma":"decus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ornament"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"futuris","lemma":"futurus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"still to come"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b1-l430","source":"Qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura","translation":"As work drives the bees in early summer through the flowering","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qualis","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of what kind"},{"surface":"apes","lemma":"apis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"bees"},{"surface":"aestate","lemma":"aestas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"nova","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"early"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"florea","lemma":"floreus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"flowering"},{"surface":"rura","lemma":"rus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"country"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b1-l431","source":"exercet sub sole labor, cum gentis adultos","translation":"country under the sun, when they bring out the grown","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exercet","lemma":"exerceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"sole","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"labor","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"gentis","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the race"},{"surface":"adultos","lemma":"adultus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grown"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b1-l432","source":"educunt fetus, aut cum liquentia mella","translation":"young of the race, or when they pack the runny honey","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"educunt","lemma":"educo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring up"},{"surface":"fetus","lemma":"fetus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"liquentia","lemma":"liqueo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"runny"},{"surface":"mella","lemma":"mel","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"honeys"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b1-l433","source":"stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas,","translation":"in and swell the cells with sweet nectar,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"stipant","lemma":"stipo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pack in"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dulci","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"distendunt","lemma":"distendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"swell"},{"surface":"nectare","lemma":"nectar","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with nectar"},{"surface":"cellas","lemma":"cella","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the cells"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b1-l434","source":"aut onera accipiunt venientum, aut agmine facto","translation":"or take the loads of the ones coming in, or in a formed column","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"onera","lemma":"onus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"loads"},{"surface":"accipiunt","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"venientum","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, present active genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the ones coming"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"agmine","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"facto","lemma":"facio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"formed"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b1-l435","source":"ignavom fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent:","translation":"keep the drones, an idle herd, away from the hives:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l435.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ignavom","title":"An archaic spelling of um","body":"ignavom is an older spelling of ignavum, 'lazy, cowardly,' with -om where classical Latin later wrote -um after u or v. Vergil keeps such spellings for their antique sound. The word describes fucos, 'drones,' the idle bees driven from the hive."}],"words":[{"surface":"ignavom","lemma":"ignauus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"idle"},{"surface":"fucos","lemma":"fucus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the drones"},{"surface":"pecus","lemma":"pecus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"a herd"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"praesepibus","lemma":"praesepe","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the hives"},{"surface":"arcent","lemma":"arceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep away"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b1-l436","source":"fervet opus, redolentque thymo fragrantia mella.","translation":"the work boils, and the sweet-smelling honey smells of thyme.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fervet","lemma":"ferueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"boils"},{"surface":"opus","lemma":"opus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"redolentque","lemma":"redoleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"smell"},{"surface":"thymo","lemma":"thymum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"thyme"},{"surface":"fragrantia","lemma":"fragro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sweet-smelling"},{"surface":"mella","lemma":"mel","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"honeys"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b1-l437","source":"“O fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt!”","translation":"“Fortunate men, whose walls are going up already!”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"fortunati","lemma":"fortunatus","morphology":"adjective, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"fortunate men"},{"surface":"quorum","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"surgunt","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are going up"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b1-l438","source":"Aeneas ait, et fastigia suspicit urbis.","translation":"Aeneas says, and looks up at the roofs of the city.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fastigia","lemma":"fastigium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the roofs"},{"surface":"suspicit","lemma":"suspicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"looks up"},{"surface":"urbis","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b1-l439","source":"Infert se saeptus nebula, mirabile dictu,","translation":"He carries himself in, fenced by mist, a wonder to tell,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l439.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"mirabile dictu","title":"A rare supine after an adjective","body":"dictu is a supine, a verbal noun found chiefly after adjectives like mirabile, 'wonderful': literally 'wonderful with respect to the telling.' The phrase is fixed and used as an aside. It is one of the few supines in -u anywhere in the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"Infert","lemma":"infero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries in"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"saeptus","lemma":"saepio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fenced"},{"surface":"nebula","lemma":"nebula","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by mist"},{"surface":"mirabile","lemma":"mirabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"a wonder"},{"surface":"dictu","lemma":"dico","morphology":"supine, ablative","role":"purpose","gloss":"to tell"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b1-l440","source":"per medios, miscetque viris, neque cernitur ulli.","translation":"among the middle of them, and mixes with the men, and no one makes him out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"medios","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the middle of them"},{"surface":"miscetque","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"mixes"},{"surface":"viris","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"cernitur","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is made out"},{"surface":"ulli","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"by anyone"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b1-l441","source":"Lucus in urbe fuit media, laetissimus umbra,","translation":"There was a grove in the middle of the city, richest in shade,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lucus","lemma":"lucus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"grove"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"urbe","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle of"},{"surface":"laetissimus","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, superlative","role":"predicate","gloss":"richest"},{"surface":"umbra","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in shade"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b1-l442","source":"quo primum iactati undis et turbine Poeni","translation":"where the Phoenicians, tossed by waves and by whirlwind, first","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"iactati","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tossed"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"turbine","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"whirlwind"},{"surface":"Poeni","lemma":"poenus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Phoenicians"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b1-l443","source":"effodere loco signum, quod regia Iuno","translation":"dug up the token that royal Juno had shown them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"effodere","lemma":"effodio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"dug up"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"in the ground"},{"surface":"signum","lemma":"signum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the token"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"regia","lemma":"regius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"royal"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b1-l444","source":"monstrarat, caput acris equi; sic nam fore bello","translation":"the head of a spirited horse; for so the people would be","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"monstrarat","lemma":"monstro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had shown"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"the head"},{"surface":"acris","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"spirited"},{"surface":"equi","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"fore","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, future infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b1-l445","source":"egregiam et facilem victu per saecula gentem.","translation":"outstanding in war and easily fed down the ages.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"egregiam","lemma":"egregius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"outstanding"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"facilem","lemma":"facilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"easy"},{"surface":"victu","lemma":"uictus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"saecula","lemma":"saeculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the ages"},{"surface":"gentem","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b1-l446","source":"Hic templum Iunoni ingens Sidonia Dido","translation":"Here Sidonian Dido was founding a huge temple to Juno,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"templum","lemma":"templum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"Iunoni","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"Sidonia","lemma":"sidonius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Sidonian"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b1-l447","source":"condebat, donis opulentum et numine divae,","translation":"rich in offerings and in the goddess's presence,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"condebat","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"founded"},{"surface":"donis","lemma":"donum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in offerings"},{"surface":"opulentum","lemma":"opulentus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"numine","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the presence"},{"surface":"divae","lemma":"diua","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"goddess"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b1-l448","source":"aerea cui gradibus surgebant limina, nexaeque","translation":"whose bronze sill rose on steps, whose crossbeams were bound","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aerea","lemma":"aereus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"gradibus","lemma":"gradus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on steps"},{"surface":"surgebant","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"limina","lemma":"limen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the sill"},{"surface":"nexaeque","lemma":"necto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bound"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b1-l449","source":"aere trabes, foribus cardo stridebat aenis.","translation":"with bronze, whose hinge creaked on doors of bronze.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l449.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aerea ... aere ... aenis","title":"One word repeated three ways","body":"The temple's threshold, beams, and doors are each called bronze in a different form of the same word: aerea, aere, aenis. All three describe the metal the building is made of. Latin can repeat a root like this across a short passage without it reading as clumsy."}],"words":[{"surface":"aere","lemma":"aes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"trabes","lemma":"trabs","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the crossbeams"},{"surface":"foribus","lemma":"foris","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"on the doors"},{"surface":"cardo","lemma":"cardo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"hinge"},{"surface":"stridebat","lemma":"strideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"creaked"},{"surface":"aenis","lemma":"aenus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of bronze"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b1-l450","source":"Hoc primum in luco nova res oblata timorem","translation":"In this grove a new thing, offered to him, first eased","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"luco","lemma":"lucus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the grove"},{"surface":"nova","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"res","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"oblata","lemma":"offero","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"offered"},{"surface":"timorem","lemma":"timor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fear"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b1-l451","source":"leniit, hic primum Aeneas sperare salutem","translation":"his fear; here first Aeneas dared to hope for safety","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"leniit","lemma":"lenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"eased"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"sperare","lemma":"spero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to hope"},{"surface":"salutem","lemma":"salus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"safety"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b1-l452","source":"ausus, et adflictis melius confidere rebus.","translation":"and to put better trust in his broken fortune.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ausus","lemma":"audeo","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"adflictis","lemma":"affligo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"broken"},{"surface":"melius","lemma":"melius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"confidere","lemma":"confido","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to trust"},{"surface":"rebus","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in fortune"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b1-l453","source":"Namque sub ingenti lustrat dum singula templo,","translation":"For while under the huge temple he goes over one thing after another,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l453.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dum ... dum ... dum","title":"A sentence held open by while","body":"dum, 'while,' repeats three times, extending the sentence across several lines before its main verb, videt, 'he sees,' finally arrives. Each dum-clause names something Aeneas is looking at before the sentence names what he understands. Latin can suspend a main clause this long without losing the reader."}],"words":[{"surface":"Namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ingenti","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"lustrat","lemma":"lustro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"goes over"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"singula","lemma":"singulus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"each thing"},{"surface":"templo","lemma":"templum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the temple"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b1-l454","source":"reginam opperiens, dum, quae fortuna sit urbi,","translation":"waiting for the queen, while he marvels at what luck the city has,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"reginam","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"opperiens","lemma":"opperior","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"luck"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"urbi","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b1-l455","source":"artificumque manus inter se operumque laborem","translation":"at the hands of the craftsmen set against each other, at the labor","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"artificumque","lemma":"artifex","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the craftsmen"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"operumque","lemma":"opus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"laborem","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the labor"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b1-l456","source":"miratur, videt Iliacas ex ordine pugnas,","translation":"of the work, he sees the battles of Ilium in their order,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"miratur","lemma":"miror","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"marvels at"},{"surface":"videt","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"Iliacas","lemma":"iliacus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Ilium"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ordine","lemma":"ordo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"pugnas","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"battles"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b1-l457","source":"bellaque iam fama totum volgata per orbem,","translation":"and the war now spread by report through the whole world,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bellaque","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"and the war"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by report"},{"surface":"totum","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"volgata","lemma":"uulgo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"orbem","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b1-l458","source":"Atridas, Priamumque, et saevum ambobus Achillem.","translation":"the sons of Atreus, and Priam, and Achilles savage to them both.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atridas","lemma":"atrides","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"Priamumque","lemma":"priamus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"and Priam","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"saevum","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"ambobus","lemma":"ambo","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"Achillem","lemma":"achilles","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b1-l459","source":"Constitit, et lacrimans, “Quis iam locus” inquit “Achate,","translation":"He stopped, and weeping said: “What place is there now, Achates,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Constitit","lemma":"consisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lacrimans","lemma":"lacrimo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"Quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"locus","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"inquit","lemma":"inquam","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Achate","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b1-l460","source":"quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris?","translation":"what region on earth not full of our suffering?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"regio","lemma":"regio","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"region"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"terris","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"nostri","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"plena","lemma":"plenus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"laboris","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of suffering"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b1-l461","source":"En Priamus! Sunt hic etiam sua praemia laudi;","translation":"Look, Priam! Even here worth has its own rewards;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l461.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sua praemia laudi","title":"A dative naming what earns reward","body":"praemia, 'rewards,' takes laudi, 'praiseworthy conduct,' as a dative: rewards belonging to worth. sua marks the rewards as properly its own. laus covers both the quality that deserves praise and the praise itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"Priamus","lemma":"priamus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"Sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"its own"},{"surface":"praemia","lemma":"praemium","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"rewards"},{"surface":"laudi","lemma":"laus","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for worth"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b1-l462","source":"sunt lacrimae rerum et mentem mortalia tangunt.","translation":"there are tears for things, and mortal matters touch the mind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l462.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sunt lacrimae rerum","title":"An ambiguous genitive of things","body":"rerum, 'of things,' is a genitive that can attach to lacrimae, 'tears,' in several ways: tears felt for the world's suffering, tears belonging to things themselves, or tears at how things go. Latin leaves the relation open, and 'tears for things' keeps that same openness rather than choosing one reading."}],"words":[{"surface":"sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"lacrimae","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mentem","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"mortalia","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"mortal matters"},{"surface":"tangunt","lemma":"tango","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"touch"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b1-l463","source":"Solve metus; feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem.”","translation":"Let your fears go; this fame will bring you some safety yet.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Solve","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"let go"},{"surface":"metus","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fears"},{"surface":"feret","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will bring"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"aliquam","lemma":"aliqui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"salutem","lemma":"salus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"safety"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b1-l464","source":"Sic ait, atque animum pictura pascit inani,","translation":"So he speaks, and feeds his mind on an empty picture,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l464.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pictura ... inani","title":"Emptiness applied to a picture","body":"inani, ablative singular of inanis, 'empty, hollow,' is the same word used elsewhere for ghosts and for the underworld. It describes pictura, 'the picture,' that Aeneas studies on the temple wall. The adjective names the mural as containing nothing real, even as he takes comfort from it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"animum","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"pictura","lemma":"pictura","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on a picture"},{"surface":"pascit","lemma":"pasco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"feeds"},{"surface":"inani","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b1-l465","source":"multa gemens, largoque umectat flumine voltum.","translation":"groaning much, and wets his face with a wide river.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"gemens","lemma":"gemo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"largoque","lemma":"largus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"umectat","lemma":"umecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wets"},{"surface":"flumine","lemma":"flumen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"voltum","lemma":"uultus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b1-l466","source":"Namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum","translation":"For he was seeing how, fighting around Pergamum,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"videbat","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was seeing"},{"surface":"uti","lemma":"uti","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"bellantes","lemma":"bello","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"Pergama","lemma":"pergama","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Pergamum"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b1-l467","source":"hac fugerent Graii, premeret Troiana iuventus,","translation":"on one side the Greeks fled and the Trojan youth pressed them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hac","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on one side"},{"surface":"fugerent","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"fled"},{"surface":"Graii","lemma":"graius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Greeks"},{"surface":"premeret","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"Troiana","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"iuventus","lemma":"iuuentus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"youth"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b1-l468","source":"hac Phryges, instaret curru cristatus Achilles.","translation":"on the other the Phrygians fled, and plumed Achilles pressed in his car.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hac","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on the other"},{"surface":"Phryges","lemma":"phryges","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Phrygians"},{"surface":"instaret","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"pressed on"},{"surface":"curru","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his car"},{"surface":"cristatus","lemma":"cristatus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"plumed"},{"surface":"Achilles","lemma":"achilles","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b1-l469","source":"Nec procul hinc Rhesi niveis tentoria velis","translation":"Not far off he makes out, in tears, the tents of Rhesus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"procul","lemma":"procul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"Rhesi","lemma":"rhesus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Rhesus"},{"surface":"niveis","lemma":"niueus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"snow-white"},{"surface":"tentoria","lemma":"tentorium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the tents"},{"surface":"velis","lemma":"uelum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with canvas"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b1-l470","source":"adgnoscit lacrimans, primo quae prodita somno","translation":"with their snow-white canvas, betrayed in their first sleep,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adgnoscit","lemma":"agnosco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes out"},{"surface":"lacrimans","lemma":"lacrimo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in tears"},{"surface":"primo","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"prodita","lemma":"prodo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"betrayed"},{"surface":"somno","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b1-l471","source":"Tydides multa vastabat caede cruentus,","translation":"which the son of Tydeus was wasting, bloody with much killing,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tydides","lemma":"tydides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"vastabat","lemma":"uasto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was wasting"},{"surface":"caede","lemma":"caedes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with killing"},{"surface":"cruentus","lemma":"cruentus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bloody"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b1-l472","source":"ardentisque avertit equos in castra, prius quam","translation":"and he turned the fiery horses off into the camp before","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ardentisque","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fiery"},{"surface":"avertit","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned away"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"castra","lemma":"castra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"prius","lemma":"prius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"quam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"than"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b1-l473","source":"pabula gustassent Troiae Xanthumque bibissent.","translation":"they could taste the grass of Troy or drink from the Xanthus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pabula","lemma":"pabulum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the grass"},{"surface":"gustassent","lemma":"gusto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"could taste"},{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Troy"},{"surface":"Xanthumque","lemma":"xanthus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"bibissent","lemma":"bibo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"drunk"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b1-l474","source":"Parte alia fugiens amissis Troilus armis,","translation":"In another part Troilus, running, his weapons lost,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Parte","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"in a part"},{"surface":"alia","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"fugiens","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"amissis","lemma":"amitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"Troilus","lemma":"troilus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Troilus"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weapons"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b1-l475","source":"infelix puer atque impar congressus Achilli,","translation":"the luckless boy, no match in the meeting with Achilles,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"puer","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the boy"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"impar","lemma":"impar","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unequal"},{"surface":"congressus","lemma":"congredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in meeting"},{"surface":"Achilli","lemma":"achilles","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b1-l476","source":"fertur equis, curruque haeret resupinus inani,","translation":"is carried off by his horses, and hangs back-first from the empty car,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fertur","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is carried"},{"surface":"equis","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"curruque","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the car"},{"surface":"haeret","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hangs"},{"surface":"resupinus","lemma":"resupinus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lying on one's back"},{"surface":"inani","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b1-l477","source":"lora tenens tamen; huic cervixque comaeque trahuntur","translation":"still holding the reins; his neck and his hair are dragged","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"lora","lemma":"lorum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the reins"},{"surface":"tenens","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"huic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"cervixque","lemma":"ceruix","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"his neck"},{"surface":"comaeque","lemma":"coma","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hairs"},{"surface":"trahuntur","lemma":"traho","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are dragged"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b1-l478","source":"per terram, et versa pulvis inscribitur hasta.","translation":"along the ground, and the dust is written on by the reversed spear.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l478.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pulvis inscribitur hasta","title":"Writing, applied to a spear's mark","body":"inscribitur, 'is written on,' is the verb ordinarily used of a stylus marking a wax tablet. Here its subject is pulvis, 'the dust,' and hasta, 'the spear,' dragged reversed behind a chariot, is the ablative of instrument. The metaphor borrows the vocabulary of writing for a mark left in the ground."}],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"terram","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"versa","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"reversed"},{"surface":"pulvis","lemma":"puluis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"inscribitur","lemma":"inscribo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is written on"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b1-l479","source":"Interea ad templum non aequae Palladis ibant","translation":"Meanwhile the women of Ilium were going to the temple","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"templum","lemma":"templum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the temple"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aequae","lemma":"aequus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"Palladis","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"ibant","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were going"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b1-l480","source":"crinibus Iliades passis peplumque ferebant,","translation":"of Pallas, who was not fair to them, with their hair let down,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"crinibus","lemma":"crinis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hairs"},{"surface":"Iliades","lemma":"ilias","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the women of Ilium"},{"surface":"passis","lemma":"pando","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"let down"},{"surface":"peplumque","lemma":"peplum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"robe of state"},{"surface":"ferebant","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were carrying"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b1-l481","source":"suppliciter tristes et tunsae pectora palmis;","translation":"and carrying the robe, mourners and suppliants, beating their breasts","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"suppliciter","lemma":"suppliciter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as suppliants"},{"surface":"tristes","lemma":"tristis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tunsae","lemma":"tundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beating"},{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"their breasts"},{"surface":"palmis","lemma":"palma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"palms"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b1-l482","source":"diva solo fixos oculos aversa tenebat.","translation":"with their palms; the goddess held her eyes on the ground, turned away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"diva","lemma":"diua","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"fixos","lemma":"figo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having fixed"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"aversa","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been turned away"},{"surface":"tenebat","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b1-l483","source":"Ter circum Iliacos raptaverat Hectora muros,","translation":"Three times Achilles had dragged Hector round the walls of Ilium,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ter","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"Iliacos","lemma":"iliacus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Ilium"},{"surface":"raptaverat","lemma":"rapto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had dragged"},{"surface":"Hectora","lemma":"hector","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the walls"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b1-l484","source":"exanimumque auro corpus vendebat Achilles.","translation":"and was selling the lifeless body for gold.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exanimumque","lemma":"exanimus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"lifeless"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for gold"},{"surface":"corpus","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the body"},{"surface":"vendebat","lemma":"uendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was selling"},{"surface":"Achilles","lemma":"achilles","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b1-l485","source":"Tum vero ingentem gemitum dat pectore ab imo,","translation":"Then indeed he gives a huge groan from the bottom of his chest,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ingentem","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"gemitum","lemma":"gemitus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"imo","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the bottom of"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b1-l486","source":"ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici,","translation":"as he caught sight of the spoils, the chariot, the very body","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"spolia","lemma":"spolium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the spoils"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"currus","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"utque","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ipsum","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the very"},{"surface":"corpus","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the body"},{"surface":"amici","lemma":"amicus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"friend"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b1-l487","source":"tendentemque manus Priamum conspexit inermis.","translation":"of his friend, and Priam stretching out hands that held nothing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tendentemque","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stretching"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"Priamum","lemma":"priamus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"conspexit","lemma":"conspicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught sight of"},{"surface":"inermis","lemma":"inermis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"holding nothing"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b1-l488","source":"Se quoque principibus permixtum adgnovit Achivis,","translation":"He knew himself too, mixed in among the Achaean chiefs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"quoque","lemma":"quoque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"principibus","lemma":"princeps","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"chiefs"},{"surface":"permixtum","lemma":"permisceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been mixed or mingle together"},{"surface":"adgnovit","lemma":"agnosco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"Achivis","lemma":"achiuus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b1-l489","source":"Eoasque acies et nigri Memnonis arma.","translation":"and the battle lines of the East, and the arms of black Memnon.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eoasque","lemma":"eous","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the East"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"battle lines"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nigri","lemma":"niger","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"Memnonis","lemma":"memnon","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Memnon"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the arms"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b1-l490","source":"Ducit Amazonidum lunatis agmina peltis","translation":"Penthesilea in her fury leads columns of Amazons","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ducit","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leads"},{"surface":"Amazonidum","lemma":"amazonis","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Amazons"},{"surface":"lunatis","lemma":"lunatus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"crescent"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"peltis","lemma":"pelta","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"crescent-shaped shield"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b1-l491","source":"Penthesilea furens, mediisque in milibus ardet,","translation":"with crescent shields, and blazes in the middle of thousands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Penthesilea","lemma":"penthesilea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Penthesilea"},{"surface":"furens","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in her fury"},{"surface":"mediisque","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle of","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"milibus","lemma":"mille","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"thousands"},{"surface":"ardet","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"blazes"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b1-l492","source":"aurea subnectens exsertae cingula mammae,","translation":"strapping a golden belt beneath her bared breast,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aurea","lemma":"aureus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"subnectens","lemma":"subnecto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strapping"},{"surface":"exsertae","lemma":"exsero","morphology":"participle, perfect passive dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bared"},{"surface":"cingula","lemma":"cingulum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"belts"},{"surface":"mammae","lemma":"mamma","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"breast"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b1-l493","source":"bellatrix, audetque viris concurrere virgo.","translation":"a fighting woman, a girl who dares to close with men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bellatrix","lemma":"bellatrix","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"a fighting woman"},{"surface":"audetque","lemma":"audeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"dares"},{"surface":"viris","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"concurrere","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to close"},{"surface":"virgo","lemma":"uirgo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"a girl"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b1-l494","source":"Haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda videntur,","translation":"While these wonders are being looked at by Dardanian Aeneas,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l494.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dardanio Aeneae ... videntur","title":"A dative used for the viewer","body":"videntur here means 'are seen by,' not 'seem,' and Dardanio Aeneae, dative, names who does the seeing. Latin can put the person perceiving something in the dative with a passive verb of seeing. The construction makes Aeneas the recipient of the images rather than their active viewer."}],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"these wonders"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"Dardanio","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardanian"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"miranda","lemma":"miror","morphology":"gerundive, nominative plural neuter","role":"obligation","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"videntur","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are seen"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b1-l495","source":"dum stupet, obtutuque haeret defixus in uno,","translation":"while he stands stunned and hangs fixed in one long stare,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"stupet","lemma":"stupeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands stunned"},{"surface":"obtutuque","lemma":"obtutus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a stare"},{"surface":"haeret","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hangs"},{"surface":"defixus","lemma":"defigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b1-l496","source":"regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido,","translation":"the queen came to the temple, Dido, most beautiful in form,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"templum","lemma":"templum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the temple"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"pulcherrima","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"most beautiful"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b1-l497","source":"incessit magna iuvenum stipante caterva.","translation":"with a great crowd of young men pressing around her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incessit","lemma":"incedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"magna","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"iuvenum","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"stipante","lemma":"stipo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pressing"},{"surface":"caterva","lemma":"caterua","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"crowd"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b1-l498","source":"Qualis in Eurotae ripis aut per iuga Cynthi","translation":"As on the banks of Eurotas or along the ridges of Cynthus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qualis","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of what kind"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Eurotae","lemma":"eurotas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Eurotas"},{"surface":"ripis","lemma":"ripa","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the banks"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"iuga","lemma":"iugum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"ridges"},{"surface":"Cynthi","lemma":"cynthus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Cynthus"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b1-l499","source":"exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae","translation":"Diana keeps her dances going, and a thousand mountain nymphs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exercet","lemma":"exerceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps going"},{"surface":"Diana","lemma":"diana","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Diana"},{"surface":"choros","lemma":"chorus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"her dances"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"and her"},{"surface":"mille","lemma":"mille","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject","gloss":"a thousand"},{"surface":"secutae","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having followed"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b1-l500","source":"hinc atque hinc glomerantur oreades; illa pharetram","translation":"follow her and gather on this side and on that; she carries","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on this side"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on that"},{"surface":"glomerantur","lemma":"glomero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"gather"},{"surface":"oreades","lemma":"oreas","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mountain nymphs"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"pharetram","lemma":"pharetra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"quiver"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b1-l501","source":"fert umero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnis:","translation":"a quiver on her shoulder, and walking overtops all the goddesses:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fert","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"umero","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on her shoulder"},{"surface":"gradiensque","lemma":"gradior","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"walking","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"deas","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the goddesses"},{"surface":"supereminet","lemma":"superemineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"overtops"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b1-l502","source":"Latonae tacitum pertemptant gaudia pectus:","translation":"joy goes quietly through Latona's heart:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l502.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tacitum ... gaudia pectus","title":"Joy described as silent","body":"tacitum, 'silent,' modifies pectus, 'heart, breast,' with gaudia, 'joys,' as the subject moving through it. The joy is named as unspoken rather than expressed aloud. Vergil adds this detail to the simile he is adapting from Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"Latonae","lemma":"latona","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Latona"},{"surface":"tacitum","lemma":"tacitus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"pertemptant","lemma":"pertento","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes through"},{"surface":"gaudia","lemma":"gaudium","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"pectus","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"her heart"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b1-l503","source":"talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat","translation":"such was Dido, so gladly she carried herself","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"talis","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"talem","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"laeta","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"ferebat","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b1-l504","source":"per medios, instans operi regnisque futuris.","translation":"among the middle of them, pressing on the work and the kingdom to come.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"medios","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the middle of them"},{"surface":"instans","lemma":"insto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pressing on"},{"surface":"operi","lemma":"opus","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the work"},{"surface":"regnisque","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the kingdom"},{"surface":"futuris","lemma":"futurus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"to come"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b1-l505","source":"Tum foribus divae, media testudine templi,","translation":"Then at the goddess's doors, under the middle of the temple's vault,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"foribus","lemma":"foris","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"at the doors"},{"surface":"divae","lemma":"diua","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the goddess"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"testudine","lemma":"testudo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"under the vault"},{"surface":"templi","lemma":"templum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"temple"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b1-l506","source":"saepta armis, solioque alte subnixa resedit.","translation":"ringed with weapons and raised high on her throne, she sat down.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"saepta","lemma":"saepio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ringed"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"solioque","lemma":"solium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on her throne","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"alte","lemma":"alte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"subnixa","lemma":"subnixus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"resedit","lemma":"resideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b1-l507","source":"Iura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem","translation":"She was giving out judgments and laws to the men, and making the labor","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iura","lemma":"ius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"judgments"},{"surface":"dabat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was giving"},{"surface":"legesque","lemma":"lex","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"laws"},{"surface":"viris","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"operumque","lemma":"opus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"laborem","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the labor"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b1-l508","source":"partibus aequabat iustis, aut sorte trahebat:","translation":"of the work even in fair shares, or drawing it by lot:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"partibus","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in shares"},{"surface":"aequabat","lemma":"aequo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was making even"},{"surface":"iustis","lemma":"iustus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"sorte","lemma":"sors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by lot"},{"surface":"trahebat","lemma":"traho","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was drawing"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b1-l509","source":"cum subito Aeneas concursu accedere magno","translation":"when suddenly Aeneas sees Antheus and Sergestus and brave","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"concursu","lemma":"concursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a press"},{"surface":"accedere","lemma":"accedo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to come up"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b1-l510","source":"Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum,","translation":"Cloanthus coming up in a great press of people,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anthea","lemma":"antheus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Antheus"},{"surface":"Sergestumque","lemma":"sergestus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Sergestus"},{"surface":"videt","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"fortemque","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Cloanthum","lemma":"cloanthus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Cloanthus"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b1-l511","source":"Teucrorumque alios, ater quos aequore turbo","translation":"and other Teucrians, whom the black storm on the sea","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Teucrorumque","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Teucrians"},{"surface":"alios","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ater","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"aequore","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"on the sea"},{"surface":"turbo","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the storm"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b1-l512","source":"dispulerat penitusque alias avexerat oras.","translation":"had scattered and carried far off to other coasts.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dispulerat","lemma":"dispello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had scattered"},{"surface":"penitusque","lemma":"penitus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"alias","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"avexerat","lemma":"aueho","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried away"},{"surface":"oras","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"to coasts"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b1-l513","source":"Obstipuit simul ipse simul perculsus Achates","translation":"He was struck dumb, and Achates with him, struck at the same moment","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Obstipuit","lemma":"obstipesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was struck dumb"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at the same time"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at the same time"},{"surface":"perculsus","lemma":"percello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Achates","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b1-l514","source":"laetitiaque metuque; avidi coniungere dextras","translation":"by gladness and by fear; they were burning in their eagerness","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"laetitiaque","lemma":"laetitia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by gladness","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"metuque","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"avidi","lemma":"auidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"coniungere","lemma":"coniungo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to join"},{"surface":"dextras","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"right hand"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b1-l515","source":"ardebant; sed res animos incognita turbat.","translation":"to join right hands, but the unknown business unsettles them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ardebant","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were burning"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"res","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the business"},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"incognita","lemma":"incognitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unknown"},{"surface":"turbat","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"unsettles"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b1-l516","source":"Dissimulant, et nube cava speculantur amicti,","translation":"They keep it back, and wrapped in the hollow cloud they watch","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dissimulant","lemma":"dissimulo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep it back"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nube","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"cava","lemma":"cauus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"speculantur","lemma":"speculor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"amicti","lemma":"amicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wrapped"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b1-l517","source":"quae fortuna viris, classem quo litore linquant,","translation":"to see how the men have fared, on what shore they left the fleet,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"luck"},{"surface":"viris","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"classem","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"litore","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"linquant","lemma":"linquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"they left"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b1-l518","source":"quid veniant; cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant,","translation":"why they come; for these were picked men out of every ship,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"veniant","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"cunctis","lemma":"cunctus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"lecti","lemma":"lectus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"chosen, picked"},{"surface":"navibus","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ibant","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b1-l519","source":"orantes veniam, et templum clamore petebant.","translation":"going to ask for grace, and making for the temple with a shout.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"orantes","lemma":"oro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"going to ask"},{"surface":"veniam","lemma":"uenia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"for grace"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"templum","lemma":"templum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"clamore","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"petebant","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were making for"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b1-l520","source":"Postquam introgressi et coram data copia fandi,","translation":"After they had gone in, and leave to speak face to face was given,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"introgressi","lemma":"introgredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had gone in"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"coram","lemma":"coram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"data","lemma":"do","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was given"},{"surface":"copia","lemma":"copia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"fandi","lemma":"for","morphology":"gerund, genitive","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"speaking"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b1-l521","source":"maxumus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit:","translation":"Ilioneus, the eldest, began like this with a quiet heart:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"maxumus","lemma":"maximus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, superlative","role":"predicate","gloss":"the eldest"},{"surface":"Ilioneus","lemma":"ilioneus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ilioneus"},{"surface":"placido","lemma":"placidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with heart"},{"surface":"coepit","lemma":"coepio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b1-l522","source":"“O Regina, novam cui condere Iuppiter urbem","translation":"“Queen, to whom Jupiter has granted to found a new city","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"Regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"novam","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"condere","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to found"},{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b1-l523","source":"iustitiaque dedit gentis frenare superbas,","translation":"and to bridle proud peoples with justice,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iustitiaque","lemma":"iustitia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"justice","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has granted"},{"surface":"gentis","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"peoples"},{"surface":"frenare","lemma":"freno","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to bridle"},{"surface":"superbas","lemma":"superbus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b1-l524","source":"Troes te miseri, ventis maria omnia vecti,","translation":"we wretched Trojans, carried by winds over all the seas,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Troes","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"miseri","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ventis","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"maria","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"seas"},{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"vecti","lemma":"ueho","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"carried"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b1-l525","source":"oramus, prohibe infandos a navibus ignis,","translation":"beg you: keep the unspeakable fires off our ships,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"oramus","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"prohibe","lemma":"prohibeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"keep off"},{"surface":"infandos","lemma":"infandus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unspeakable"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"navibus","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"our ships"},{"surface":"ignis","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fires"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b1-l526","source":"parce pio generi, et propius res aspice nostras.","translation":"spare a people that keeps its duty, and look closer at our case.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"parce","lemma":"parco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"spare"},{"surface":"pio","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, dative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"dutiful"},{"surface":"generi","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"a people"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"propius","lemma":"propius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"closer"},{"surface":"res","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"our case"},{"surface":"aspice","lemma":"aspicio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"look at"},{"surface":"nostras","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b1-l527","source":"Non nos aut ferro Libycos populare Penatis","translation":"We have not come to lay Libyan homes waste with the sword,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural","role":"subject","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the sword"},{"surface":"Libycos","lemma":"libycus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Libyan"},{"surface":"populare","lemma":"populor","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to lay waste"},{"surface":"Penatis","lemma":"penates","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"homes"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b1-l528","source":"venimus, aut raptas ad litora vertere praedas;","translation":"or to turn stolen plunder down to the shore;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"venimus","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 1st plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have come"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"raptas","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stolen"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"vertere","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to turn"},{"surface":"praedas","lemma":"praeda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"plunder"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b1-l529","source":"non ea vis animo, nec tanta superbia victis.","translation":"there is no such violence in our minds, no such pride in the beaten.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ea","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"vis","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"violence"},{"surface":"animo","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"in our minds"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"tanta","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"superbia","lemma":"superbia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"pride"},{"surface":"victis","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"in the beaten"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b1-l530","source":"Est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt,","translation":"There is a place the Greeks call Hesperia by name,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"locus","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"Hesperiam","lemma":"hesperia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Hesperia"},{"surface":"Grai","lemma":"graius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Greeks"},{"surface":"cognomine","lemma":"cognomen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"dicunt","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"call"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b1-l531","source":"terra antiqua, potens armis atque ubere glaebae;","translation":"an ancient land, strong in arms and in the richness of its soil;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"a land"},{"surface":"antiqua","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"potens","lemma":"potens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in arms"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ubere","lemma":"uber","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the richness"},{"surface":"glaebae","lemma":"glaeba","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of its soil"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b1-l532","source":"Oenotri coluere viri; nunc fama minores","translation":"Oenotrian men worked it; now the report is that their descendants","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Oenotri","lemma":"oenotrius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Oenotrian men"},{"surface":"coluere","lemma":"colo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"worked it"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"report"},{"surface":"minores","lemma":"minor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"their descendants"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b1-l533","source":"Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem.","translation":"have called the nation Italy, after the name of a leader.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"dixisse","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"have called"},{"surface":"ducis","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"nomine","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the name"},{"surface":"gentem","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the nation"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b1-l534","source":"Hic cursus fuit:","translation":"This was our course:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l534.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hic cursus fuit:","title":"A line left half finished","body":"The Latin hexameter stops after three words: 'this was our course.' Vergil died before completing his revision of the poem, and roughly fifty lines stand unfinished like this one. Translations conventionally leave them short as well."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"cursus","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b1-l535","source":"cum subito adsurgens fluctu nimbosus Orion","translation":"when suddenly stormy Orion, rising on a wave,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"adsurgens","lemma":"assurgo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"fluctu","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"nimbosus","lemma":"nimbosus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stormy"},{"surface":"Orion","lemma":"orion","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Orion"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b1-l536","source":"in vada caeca tulit, penitusque procacibus austris","translation":"carried us onto blind shoals, and with insolent south winds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"vada","lemma":"uadum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shoals"},{"surface":"caeca","lemma":"caecus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"blind"},{"surface":"tulit","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"penitusque","lemma":"penitus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"procacibus","lemma":"procax","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"insolent"},{"surface":"austris","lemma":"auster","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with south winds"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b1-l537","source":"perque undas, superante salo, perque invia saxa","translation":"scattered us far, through the water, the salt sea winning,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"perque","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"undas","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the water"},{"surface":"superante","lemma":"supero","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"winning"},{"surface":"salo","lemma":"salum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"salt"},{"surface":"perque","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"invia","lemma":"inuius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"trackless"},{"surface":"saxa","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"rocks"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b1-l538","source":"dispulit; huc pauci vestris adnavimus oris.","translation":"and through trackless rocks; a few of us swam here to your coast.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dispulit","lemma":"dispello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"drove apart or away"},{"surface":"huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"to here"},{"surface":"pauci","lemma":"paucus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"vestris","lemma":"uester","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"adnavimus","lemma":"adnare","morphology":"verb, 1st plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"swam"},{"surface":"oris","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to coast"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b1-l539","source":"Quod genus hoc hominum? Quaeve hunc tam barbara morem","translation":"What kind of men are these? What country so uncivil","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"hominum","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Quaeve","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"who","note":"-ve attached: \"or.\""},{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tam","lemma":"tam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"barbara","lemma":"barbarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"uncivil"},{"surface":"morem","lemma":"mos","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"custom"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b1-l540","source":"permittit patria? Hospitio prohibemur harenae;","translation":"allows this custom? We are kept from the welcome of the sand;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"permittit","lemma":"permitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"allows"},{"surface":"patria","lemma":"patria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"Hospitio","lemma":"hospitium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from welcome"},{"surface":"prohibemur","lemma":"prohibeo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are kept"},{"surface":"harenae","lemma":"harena","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the sand"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b1-l541","source":"bella cient, primaque vetant consistere terra.","translation":"they stir up war, and forbid us to stand on the edge of the land.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"cient","lemma":"cieo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stir up"},{"surface":"primaque","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the edge of"},{"surface":"vetant","lemma":"ueto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"forbid"},{"surface":"consistere","lemma":"consisto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b1-l542","source":"Si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma","translation":"If you despise humankind and the weapons mortals carry,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"humankind"},{"surface":"humanum","lemma":"humanus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"human"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mortalia","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"temnitis","lemma":"temno","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"despise"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b1-l543","source":"at sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi.","translation":"still look for gods who remember what is spoken rightly and wrongly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l543.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fandi atque nefandi","title":"Gerunds naming right and wrong speech","body":"fandi, 'of speaking,' and nefandi, 'of not-speaking,' are genitive gerunds of fari, 'to speak.' fas is what may rightly be said, nefas its negation, the unspeakable. Ilioneus calls on gods who track the difference between the two."}],"words":[{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"sperate","lemma":"spero","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"look for"},{"surface":"deos","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"memores","lemma":"memor","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"who remember"},{"surface":"fandi","lemma":"for","morphology":"gerund, genitive","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nefandi","lemma":"nefandus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of what is wrong"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b1-l544","source":"Rex erat Aeneas nobis, quo iustior alter,","translation":"We had Aeneas for our king: no other more just,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"nobis","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"than whom"},{"surface":"iustior","lemma":"iustus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"more just"},{"surface":"alter","lemma":"alter","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the other"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b1-l545","source":"nec pietate fuit, nec bello maior et armis.","translation":"none greater in duty, or in war and in arms.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"none"},{"surface":"pietate","lemma":"pietas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in duty"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"none"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"maior","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in arms"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b1-l546","source":"Quem si fata virum servant, si vescitur aura","translation":"If the fates keep that man, if he feeds on the air","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"servant","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"keep safe"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"vescitur","lemma":"uescor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"he feeds"},{"surface":"aura","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the air"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b1-l547","source":"aetheria, neque adhuc crudelibus occubat umbris,","translation":"of heaven and does not yet lie among the cruel shades,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aetheria","lemma":"aetherius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of heaven"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"adhuc","lemma":"adhuc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"crudelibus","lemma":"crudelis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"occubat","lemma":"occubo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"umbris","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"among the shades"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b1-l548","source":"non metus; officio nec te certasse priorem","translation":"we have no fear; and you would not be sorry to have been first","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"metus","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"officio","lemma":"officium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in kindness"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"certasse","lemma":"certo","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to have vied"},{"surface":"priorem","lemma":"prior","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"first"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b1-l549","source":"paeniteat. Sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes","translation":"in the contest of kindness. In Sicilian country too there are cities","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"paeniteat","lemma":"paeniteo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be sorry"},{"surface":"Sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Siculis","lemma":"siculus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Sicilian"},{"surface":"regionibus","lemma":"regio","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"in country"},{"surface":"urbes","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"cities"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b1-l550","source":"arvaque, Troianoque a sanguine clarus Acestes.","translation":"and fields, and Acestes, famous from Trojan blood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arvaque","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"and fields"},{"surface":"Troianoque","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"clarus","lemma":"clarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"Acestes","lemma":"acestes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Acestes"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b1-l551","source":"Quassatam ventis liceat subducere classem,","translation":"Let us be allowed to haul up a fleet shaken by winds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quassatam","lemma":"quatio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaken"},{"surface":"ventis","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"liceat","lemma":"licet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"may it be allowed"},{"surface":"subducere","lemma":"subduco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to haul up"},{"surface":"classem","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b1-l552","source":"et silvis aptare trabes et stringere remos:","translation":"and fit beams out of the woods and strip oars:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"silvis","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the woods"},{"surface":"aptare","lemma":"apto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to fit"},{"surface":"trabes","lemma":"trabs","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"beams"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stringere","lemma":"stringo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to strip"},{"surface":"remos","lemma":"remus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"oars"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b1-l553","source":"si datur Italiam, sociis et rege recepto,","translation":"so that if it is given us to make for Italy, our friends and our king","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"datur","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is given"},{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"sociis","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"our friends"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rege","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"recepto","lemma":"recipio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"recovered"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b1-l554","source":"tendere, ut Italiam laeti Latiumque petamus;","translation":"recovered, we may seek Italy and Latium gladly;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tendere","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to make for"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"laeti","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"Latiumque","lemma":"latium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"Latium","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"petamus","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"seek"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b1-l555","source":"sin absumpta salus, et te, pater optume Teucrum,","translation":"but if our safety is used up, and the Libyan sea holds you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l555.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"et te, pater optume Teucrum","title":"Turning to speak to Aeneas","body":"pater optume Teucrum, 'best father of the Trojans,' is a vocative, addressed directly to Aeneas even though he is standing unseen nearby. Ilioneus breaks off his speech to Dido to speak to him instead. Apostrophe is the term for addressing someone not actually able to answer."}],"words":[{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but if"},{"surface":"absumpta","lemma":"absumo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"used up"},{"surface":"salus","lemma":"salus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"safety"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"optume","lemma":"optimus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"Teucrum","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Teucrians"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b1-l556","source":"pontus habet Lybiae, nec spes iam restat Iuli,","translation":"best father of the Teucrians, and no hope of Iulus is left,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pontus","lemma":"pontus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"habet","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"Lybiae","lemma":"libya","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Libya"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and no"},{"surface":"spes","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"restat","lemma":"resto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is left"},{"surface":"Iuli","lemma":"iulus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Iulus"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b1-l557","source":"at freta Sicaniae saltem sedesque paratas,","translation":"then let us at least seek the straits of Sicily and the homes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"freta","lemma":"fretum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the straits"},{"surface":"Sicaniae","lemma":"sicania","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Sicily"},{"surface":"saltem","lemma":"saltem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"sedesque","lemma":"sedes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the homes"},{"surface":"paratas","lemma":"paro","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"standing ready"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b1-l558","source":"unde huc advecti, regemque petamus Acesten.”","translation":"standing ready, from which we came here, and king Acestes.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"unde","lemma":"unde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from which"},{"surface":"huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"to here"},{"surface":"advecti","lemma":"adueho","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been carried"},{"surface":"regemque","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"petamus","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"seek"},{"surface":"Acesten","lemma":"acestes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Acestes"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b1-l559","source":"Talibus Ilioneus; cuncti simul ore fremebant","translation":"So Ilioneus; and all together they were murmuring assent,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Ilioneus","lemma":"ilioneus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ilioneus"},{"surface":"cuncti","lemma":"cunctus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with their voice"},{"surface":"fremebant","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were murmuring"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b1-l560","source":"Dardanidae.","translation":"the sons of Dardanus.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dardanidae.","title":"One word on a broken line","body":"Dardanidae, 'sons of Dardanus,' stands alone; the hexameter is unfinished after it. The sentence begun in the line before is grammatically complete, but the verse itself is not. It is one of the roughly fifty lines Vergil left short at his death."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dardanidae","lemma":"dardanides","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the sons of Dardanus"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b1-l561","source":"Tum breviter Dido, voltum demissa, profatur:","translation":"Then Dido, her face lowered, speaks briefly:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"breviter","lemma":"breuiter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"briefly"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"voltum","lemma":"uultus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"demissa","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"profatur","lemma":"profor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks out"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b1-l562","source":"“Solvite corde metum, Teucri, secludite curas.","translation":"“Loose the fear from your hearts, Teucrians, shut your cares away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Solvite","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"loose"},{"surface":"corde","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"metum","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"Teucri","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"secludite","lemma":"secludo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"shut off"},{"surface":"curas","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cares"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b1-l563","source":"Res dura et regni novitas me talia cogunt","translation":"Hard circumstance and the newness of my kingdom force me","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l563.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"regni novitas","title":"A noun for a new regime","body":"novitas, 'newness,' describes regni, 'of the kingdom,' as a genitive: the state of being recently founded. Dido cites it as the reason for her coastguards, not as an excuse for cruelty. novitas was the standard Latin word for a government not yet secure."}],"words":[{"surface":"Res","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"circumstance"},{"surface":"dura","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"regni","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"kingdom"},{"surface":"novitas","lemma":"nouitas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"newness"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"cogunt","lemma":"cogo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"force"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b1-l564","source":"moliri, et late finis custode tueri.","translation":"to set such things going, and to guard my borders far out with a watch.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"moliri","lemma":"molior","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to set going"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"late","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far out"},{"surface":"finis","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"my borders"},{"surface":"custode","lemma":"custos","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a watch"},{"surface":"tueri","lemma":"tueor","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to guard"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b1-l565","source":"Quis genus Aeneadum, quis Troiae nesciat urbem,","translation":"Who could not know the race of Aeneas' people, or the city of Troy,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the race"},{"surface":"Aeneadum","lemma":"aeneades","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Aeneas's people"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"nesciat","lemma":"nescio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would not know"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b1-l566","source":"virtutesque virosque, aut tanti incendia belli?","translation":"the courage and the men, or the fires of so great a war?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"virtutesque","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the courage"},{"surface":"virosque","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"tanti","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"incendia","lemma":"incendium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the fires"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b1-l567","source":"Non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni,","translation":"We Phoenicians do not carry hearts so blunt as that,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"obtusa","lemma":"obtundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"blunt"},{"surface":"adeo","lemma":"adeo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"gestamus","lemma":"gesto","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry about"},{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"Poeni","lemma":"poenus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"we Phoenicians"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b1-l568","source":"nec tam aversus equos Tyria Sol iungit ab urbe.","translation":"nor does the Sun yoke his horses so far off from our Tyrian city.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"tam","lemma":"tam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"aversus","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"Tyria","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrian"},{"surface":"Sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"iungit","lemma":"iungo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"does yoke"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"urbe","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b1-l569","source":"Seu vos Hesperiam magnam Saturniaque arva,","translation":"Whether you choose great Hesperia and the fields of Saturn,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Seu","lemma":"siue","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Hesperiam","lemma":"hesperia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Hesperia"},{"surface":"magnam","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Saturniaque","lemma":"saturnius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Saturn","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"arva","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the fields"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b1-l570","source":"sive Erycis finis regemque optatis Acesten,","translation":"or the country of Eryx and king Acestes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sive","lemma":"siue","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or if"},{"surface":"Erycis","lemma":"eryx","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Eryx"},{"surface":"finis","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the country"},{"surface":"regemque","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"optatis","lemma":"opto","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"choose"},{"surface":"Acesten","lemma":"acestes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Acestes"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b1-l571","source":"auxilio tutos dimittam, opibusque iuvabo.","translation":"I will send you off safe with an escort, and support you with means.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"auxilio","lemma":"auxilium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with an escort"},{"surface":"tutos","lemma":"tutus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"dimittam","lemma":"dimitto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will send off"},{"surface":"opibusque","lemma":"ops","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with means"},{"surface":"iuvabo","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will support"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b1-l572","source":"Voltis et his mecum pariter considere regnis;","translation":"Or do you wish to settle with me in this kingdom on equal terms?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Voltis","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"his","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"mecum","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"pariter","lemma":"pariter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"considere","lemma":"consido","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to settle"},{"surface":"regnis","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"kingdoms"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b1-l573","source":"urbem quam statuo vestra est, subducite navis;","translation":"The city I am putting up is yours; bring your ships ashore;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"statuo","lemma":"statuo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"I am putting up"},{"surface":"vestra","lemma":"uester","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"yours"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"subducite","lemma":"subduco","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"bring ashore"},{"surface":"navis","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b1-l574","source":"Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur.","translation":"Trojan and Tyrian will be handled by me with no difference at all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l574.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur","title":"A future passive for a promise","body":"agetur, 'will be treated,' is future passive, with Tros Tyriusque, 'Trojan and Tyrian,' as its subject and nullo discrimine, 'with no distinction,' an ablative of manner. Dido states the promise as an administrative fact rather than a personal vow."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tros","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"Tyriusque","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"and Tyrian","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"by me"},{"surface":"nullo","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"discrimine","lemma":"discrimen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with difference"},{"surface":"agetur","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be handled"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b1-l575","source":"Atque utinam rex ipse Noto compulsus eodem","translation":"And I only wish the king himself, driven by the same South Wind,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"utinam","lemma":"utinam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"I only wish"},{"surface":"rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Noto","lemma":"notus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"South Wind"},{"surface":"compulsus","lemma":"compello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been driven together"},{"surface":"eodem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b1-l576","source":"adforet Aeneas! Equidem per litora certos","translation":"were here: Aeneas! For my part I will send trusted men","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adforet","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were here"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Equidem","lemma":"equidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for my part"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the coasts"},{"surface":"certos","lemma":"certus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"trusted"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b1-l577","source":"dimittam et Libyae lustrare extrema iubebo,","translation":"along the coasts and order them to range the ends of Libya,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dimittam","lemma":"dimitto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will send"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Libyae","lemma":"libya","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Libya"},{"surface":"lustrare","lemma":"lustro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to range"},{"surface":"extrema","lemma":"extremus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the ends"},{"surface":"iubebo","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will order"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b1-l578","source":"si quibus eiectus silvis aut urbibus errat.”","translation":"in case he has been cast up and is wandering in some wood or town.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"in case"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"eiectus","lemma":"eicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cast out"},{"surface":"silvis","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in woods"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"urbibus","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in towns"},{"surface":"errat","lemma":"erro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"wanders"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b1-l579","source":"His animum arrecti dictis et fortis Achates","translation":"Their spirits lifted by these words, both brave Achates","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"His","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by these"},{"surface":"animum","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"their spirits"},{"surface":"arrecti","lemma":"arrigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fortis","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Achates","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b1-l580","source":"et pater Aeneas iamdudum erumpere nubem","translation":"and father Aeneas had long been burning to break","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l580.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pater Aeneas","title":"A second standing epithet for Aeneas","body":"pater, 'father,' is a separate fixed epithet from pius, used of Aeneas as he becomes father to Ascanius, to his men, and eventually to a people. Vergil keeps the two epithets distinct rather than interchangeable. English keeps them apart as 'father' and 'dutiful' throughout."}],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"iamdudum","lemma":"iamdudum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"erumpere","lemma":"erumpo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to break out"},{"surface":"nubem","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cloud"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b1-l581","source":"ardebant. Prior Aenean compellat Achates:","translation":"out of the cloud. Achates speaks to Aeneas first:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ardebant","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were burning"},{"surface":"Prior","lemma":"prior","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"compellat","lemma":"compello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks to"},{"surface":"Achates","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b1-l582","source":"“Nate dea, quae nunc animo sententia surgit?","translation":"“Son of a goddess, what thought is rising in your mind now?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l582.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Nate dea","title":"A vocative naming his mother","body":"Nate dea, 'born of a goddess,' is a vocative address, used to Aeneas by several different speakers across the poem. It states a fact about Venus rather than praising Aeneas directly. Here it opens Venus's own speech to her disguised son."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nate","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"animo","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"in your mind"},{"surface":"sententia","lemma":"sententia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"surgit","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rises"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b1-l583","source":"omnia tuta vides, classem sociosque receptos.","translation":"You see everything safe, the fleet and the companions recovered.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"tuta","lemma":"tutus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"vides","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"classem","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"sociosque","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"companions","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"receptos","lemma":"recipio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"recovered"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b1-l584","source":"Unus abest, medio in fluctu quem vidimus ipsi","translation":"One is missing, whom we ourselves watched go under","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Unus","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"abest","lemma":"absum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is missing"},{"surface":"medio","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle of"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fluctu","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"vidimus","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"we watched"},{"surface":"ipsi","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"we ourselves"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b1-l585","source":"submersum; dictis respondent cetera matris.”","translation":"in mid-sea; the rest answers what your mother said.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"submersum","lemma":"summergo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"go under"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"what was said"},{"surface":"respondent","lemma":"respondeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"cetera","lemma":"ceterus","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"matris","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b1-l586","source":"Vix ea fatus erat, cum circumfusa repente","translation":"He had hardly finished when the cloud poured round them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vix","lemma":"uix","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"ea","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fatus","lemma":"for","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"circumfusa","lemma":"circumfundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been poured"},{"surface":"repente","lemma":"repente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"suddenly"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b1-l587","source":"scindit se nubes et in aethera purgat apertum.","translation":"splits of itself and clears away into open air.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"scindit","lemma":"scindo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"nubes","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the cloud"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"aethera","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"purgat","lemma":"purgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"makes clean"},{"surface":"apertum","lemma":"apertus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"open"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b1-l588","source":"Restitit Aeneas claraque in luce refulsit,","translation":"Aeneas stood there and shone out in the clear light,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Restitit","lemma":"resisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood there"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"claraque","lemma":"clarus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"luce","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"refulsit","lemma":"refulgeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shone out"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b1-l589","source":"os umerosque deo similis; namque ipsa decoram","translation":"like a god in face and shoulders; for his mother herself","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"os","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"umerosque","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"deo","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"similis","lemma":"similis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"decoram","lemma":"decorus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"a fine"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b1-l590","source":"caesariem nato genetrix lumenque iuventae","translation":"had breathed on her son a fine head of hair, and the crimson","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"caesariem","lemma":"caesaries","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"nato","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on her son"},{"surface":"genetrix","lemma":"genetrix","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"lumenque","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"iuventae","lemma":"iuuenta","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"youth"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b1-l591","source":"purpureum et laetos oculis adflarat honores:","translation":"light of youth, and glad beauty into his eyes:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"purpureum","lemma":"purpureus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"crimson"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"laetos","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"into his eyes"},{"surface":"adflarat","lemma":"afflo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had breathed"},{"surface":"honores","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"beauty"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b1-l592","source":"quale manus addunt ebori decus, aut ubi flavo","translation":"such grace as hands add to ivory, or when silver","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l592.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Pariusve lapis","title":"Naming a specific kind of marble","body":"Parius lapis, 'Parian stone,' names the white marble quarried on Paros, prized above other marble in the Greek world. It is the third of three worked materials in the simile, after ivory and silver. -ve attaches 'or' to the word, offering it as an alternative to the metals just named."}],"words":[{"surface":"quale","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"addunt","lemma":"addo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"add"},{"surface":"ebori","lemma":"ebur","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"ivory"},{"surface":"decus","lemma":"decus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"grace"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"flavo","lemma":"flauus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"yellow"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b1-l593","source":"argentum Pariusve lapis circumdatur auro.","translation":"or Parian marble is set round with yellow gold.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"argentum","lemma":"argentum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"Pariusve","lemma":"parius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Parian","note":"-ve attached: \"or.\""},{"surface":"lapis","lemma":"lapis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"marble"},{"surface":"circumdatur","lemma":"circumdo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is set round"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with gold"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b1-l594","source":"Tum sic reginam adloquitur, cunctisque repente","translation":"Then he speaks to the queen, and, sudden to them all,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"reginam","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"adloquitur","lemma":"adloquor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks to"},{"surface":"cunctisque","lemma":"cunctus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"repente","lemma":"repente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"suddenly"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b1-l595","source":"improvisus ait: “Coram, quem quaeritis, adsum,","translation":"unlooked for, says: “Here in front of you is the one you are looking for,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"improvisus","lemma":"improuisus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unforeseen"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"Coram","lemma":"coram","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here in front of you"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"quaeritis","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you are looking for"},{"surface":"adsum","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is here"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b1-l596","source":"Troius Aeneas, Lybicis ereptus ab undis.","translation":"Aeneas of Troy, snatched out of the Libyan waves.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Troius","lemma":"troius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Troy"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Lybicis","lemma":"libycus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Libyan"},{"surface":"ereptus","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been snatched away"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"waves"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b1-l597","source":"O sola infandos Troiae miserata labores,","translation":"You alone have pitied Troy's unspeakable hardships,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"infandos","lemma":"infandus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unspeakable"},{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Troy's"},{"surface":"miserata","lemma":"miseror","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"have pitied"},{"surface":"labores","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hardships"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b1-l598","source":"quae nos, reliquias Danaum, terraeque marisque","translation":"and you take us in, what the Greeks left, drained by now","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l598.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"reliquias Danaum","title":"The same phrase used of himself","body":"reliquias Danaum, 'the leavings of the Danaans,' repeats the exact phrase the narrator used of the Trojans at the poem's opening. Here Aeneas applies it to his own people, accusative, describing what he asks Dido to shelter. Danaum is the genitive plural of Danai, 'Greeks.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"reliquias","lemma":"reliquiae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"what was left"},{"surface":"Danaum","lemma":"danaus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Greek"},{"surface":"terraeque","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"marisque","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b1-l599","source":"omnibus exhaustos iam casibus, omnium egenos,","translation":"by every disaster of land and sea, in want of everything,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"omnibus","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"exhaustos","lemma":"exhaurio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"drained"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"casibus","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by disaster"},{"surface":"omnium","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of everything"},{"surface":"egenos","lemma":"egenus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in want"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b1-l600","source":"urbe, domo, socias, grates persolvere dignas","translation":"you join us to your city and your house. To pay you thanks worth having","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"urbe","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"domo","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"and your house"},{"surface":"socias","lemma":"socio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you join"},{"surface":"grates","lemma":"grates","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"thanks"},{"surface":"persolvere","lemma":"persoluo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to pay"},{"surface":"dignas","lemma":"dignus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"worth having"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b1-l601","source":"non opis est nostrae, Dido, nec quicquid ubique est","translation":"is not within our means, Dido, nor within those of whatever","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"opis","lemma":"ops","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of our means"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nostrae","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"quicquid","lemma":"quisquis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"ubique","lemma":"ubique","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b1-l602","source":"gentis Dardaniae, magnum quae sparsa per orbem.","translation":"Dardanian people there is anywhere, scattered over the great world.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l602.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"gentis","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"Dardaniae","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardanian"},{"surface":"magnum","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sparsa","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been scattered"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"orbem","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b1-l603","source":"Di tibi, si qua pios respectant numina, si quid","translation":"May the gods, if any powers look to men who keep faith, if","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Di","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"pios","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"men who keep faith"},{"surface":"respectant","lemma":"respecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"look back at"},{"surface":"numina","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"powers"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"anything"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b1-l604","source":"usquam iustitia est et mens sibi conscia recti,","translation":"justice counts anywhere, and a mind that knows itself upright,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l604.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mens sibi conscia recti","title":"Naming conscience without the word","body":"conscia, 'aware, sharing knowledge,' takes sibi, 'with itself,' and recti, 'of what is right,' a genitive: a mind that knows, together with itself, what is right. Latin has no separate noun for 'conscience' and builds it from this phrase instead. It describes mens, 'mind,' nominative singular."}],"words":[{"surface":"usquam","lemma":"usquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"iustitia","lemma":"iustitia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"justice"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"counts"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mens","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"sibi","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to itself"},{"surface":"conscia","lemma":"conscius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"recti","lemma":"rectus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of what is upright"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b1-l605","source":"praemia digna ferant. Quae te tam laeta tulerunt","translation":"bring you rewards you deserve. What age so happy bore you?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praemia","lemma":"praemium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"rewards"},{"surface":"digna","lemma":"dignus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"deserved"},{"surface":"ferant","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"Quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tam","lemma":"tam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"laeta","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"happy"},{"surface":"tulerunt","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b1-l606","source":"saecula? Qui tanti talem genuere parentes?","translation":"What parents so great fathered such a woman?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"saecula","lemma":"saeculum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"age"},{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"tanti","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"talem","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"such a woman"},{"surface":"genuere","lemma":"gigno","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fathered"},{"surface":"parentes","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b1-l607","source":"In freta dum fluvii current, dum montibus umbrae","translation":"While the rivers run into the sea, while shadows go over","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l607.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"In freta dum fluvii current","title":"A vow shaped like an oath","body":"dum fluvii current, 'while the rivers run,' is the first of several dum-clauses naming permanent features of nature: rivers running, shadows crossing mountains. Latin oaths often use such clauses to promise something 'as long as' the natural order continues. Aeneas follows three cosmic clauses with a fourth that makes his own presence conditional instead."}],"words":[{"surface":"In","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"freta","lemma":"fretum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"fluvii","lemma":"fluuius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the rivers"},{"surface":"current","lemma":"curro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will run"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"montibus","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"over the mountains"},{"surface":"umbrae","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"shadows"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b1-l608","source":"lustrabunt convexa, polus dum sidera pascet,","translation":"the hollows of the mountains, while the sky pastures the stars,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"lustrabunt","lemma":"lustro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will go over"},{"surface":"convexa","lemma":"conuexus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the hollows"},{"surface":"polus","lemma":"polus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"pascet","lemma":"pasco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"pastures"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b1-l609","source":"semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt,","translation":"your honor and your name and your praises will always stay,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"semper","lemma":"semper","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"honos","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"nomenque","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"and name"},{"surface":"tuum","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"laudesque","lemma":"laus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"and praises"},{"surface":"manebunt","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will stay"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b1-l610","source":"quae me cumque vocant terrae.” Sic fatus, amicum","translation":"whatever lands may call me.” So he spoke, and reached out his right","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"cumque","lemma":"cumque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"vocant","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"may call"},{"surface":"terrae","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fatus","lemma":"for","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"amicum","lemma":"amicus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"his friend's"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b1-l611","source":"Ilionea petit dextra, laevaque Serestum,","translation":"hand to his friend Ilioneus, and his left to Serestus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l611.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ilionea","lemma":"ilioneus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Ilioneus"},{"surface":"petit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached out to"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"laevaque","lemma":"laeua","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"left hand"},{"surface":"Serestum","lemma":"serestus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Serestus"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b1-l612","source":"post alios, fortemque Gyan fortemque Cloanthum.","translation":"and then the others, and Gyas the brave, and brave Cloanthus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l612.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"post","lemma":"post","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"alios","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"fortemque","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Gyan","lemma":"gyas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Gyas"},{"surface":"fortemque","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Cloanthum","lemma":"cloanthus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Cloanthus"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b1-l613","source":"Obstipuit primo aspectu Sidonia Dido,","translation":"Sidonian Dido was struck dumb at the first sight of him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l613.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Obstipuit","lemma":"obstipesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was struck dumb"},{"surface":"primo","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"aspectu","lemma":"aspectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"Sidonia","lemma":"sidonius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Sidonian"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b1-l614","source":"casu deinde viri tanto, et sic ore locuta est:","translation":"then at the man's great misfortune, and spoke like this:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l614.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"casu","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at the misfortune"},{"surface":"deinde","lemma":"deinde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the man"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with her voice"},{"surface":"locuta","lemma":"loquor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b1-l615","source":"“Quis te, nate dea, per tanta pericula casus","translation":"“What chance drives you, son of a goddess, through such dangers?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"nate","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"tanta","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"pericula","lemma":"periculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"dangers"},{"surface":"casus","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"chance"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b1-l616","source":"insequitur? Quae vis immanibus applicat oris?","translation":"What force lands you on these monstrous coasts?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l616.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"insequitur","lemma":"insequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"Quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"vis","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"immanibus","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"applicat","lemma":"applico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"oris","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on coasts"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b1-l617","source":"Tune ille Aeneas, quem Dardanio Anchisae","translation":"Are you that Aeneas whom kindly Venus bore to Dardanian","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l617.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tune ille Aeneas","title":"The pronoun for someone famous","body":"ille, 'that,' marks Aeneas as someone already known by report, not merely identified: 'are you that Aeneas.' Latin uses ille this way for a person whose reputation precedes them. Dido's question asks whether he matches the story she has heard, not simply who he is."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tune","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"you","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Dardanio","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardanian"},{"surface":"Anchisae","lemma":"anchises","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Anchises"}]},{"number":618,"label":"618","id":"b1-l618","source":"alma Venus Phrygii genuit Simoentis ad undam?","translation":"Anchises by the water of Phrygian Simois?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l618.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"alma","lemma":"almus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"Phrygii","lemma":"phrygius","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Phrygian"},{"surface":"genuit","lemma":"gigno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"Simoentis","lemma":"simois","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Simois"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"undam","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the water"}]},{"number":619,"label":"619","id":"b1-l619","source":"Atque equidem Teucrum memini Sidona venire","translation":"And I do remember Teucer coming to Sidon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l619.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"equidem","lemma":"equidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Teucrum","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Teucer"},{"surface":"memini","lemma":"memini","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"Sidona","lemma":"sidon","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"Sidon"},{"surface":"venire","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":620,"label":"620","id":"b1-l620","source":"finibus expulsum patriis, nova regna petentem","translation":"driven out of his father's land, looking for a new kingdom","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l620.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"finibus","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"out of the land"},{"surface":"expulsum","lemma":"expello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"patriis","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"his father's"},{"surface":"nova","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"regna","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kingdoms"},{"surface":"petentem","lemma":"peto","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"looking for"}]},{"number":621,"label":"621","id":"b1-l621","source":"auxilio Beli; genitor tum Belus opimam","translation":"with Belus' help; my father Belus was laying rich Cyprus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l621.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"auxilio","lemma":"auxilium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with help"},{"surface":"Beli","lemma":"belus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Belus"},{"surface":"genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at the time"},{"surface":"Belus","lemma":"belus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Belus"},{"surface":"opimam","lemma":"opimus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rich"}]},{"number":622,"label":"622","id":"b1-l622","source":"vastabat Cyprum, et victor dicione tenebat.","translation":"waste at the time, and held it, a conqueror, under his rule.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l622.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vastabat","lemma":"uasto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was laying waste"},{"surface":"Cyprum","lemma":"cyprus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Cyprus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"victor","lemma":"uictor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"conqueror"},{"surface":"dicione","lemma":"dicio","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"under his rule"},{"surface":"tenebat","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"}]},{"number":623,"label":"623","id":"b1-l623","source":"Tempore iam ex illo casus mihi cognitus urbis","translation":"From that time on the fall of the Trojan city has been known to me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l623.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tempore","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"illo","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"casus","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the fall"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"cognitus","lemma":"cognosco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"urbis","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":624,"label":"624","id":"b1-l624","source":"Troianae nomenque tuum regesque Pelasgi.","translation":"and your name, and the kings of the Pelasgians.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l624.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Troianae","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"nomenque","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"and name"},{"surface":"tuum","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"regesque","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"and the kings"},{"surface":"Pelasgi","lemma":"pelasgus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the Pelasgians"}]},{"number":625,"label":"625","id":"b1-l625","source":"Ipse hostis Teucros insigni laude ferebat,","translation":"Their enemy himself would speak of the Teucrians with high praise,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l625.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"Teucros","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the Teucrians"},{"surface":"insigni","lemma":"insignis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"laude","lemma":"laus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"praise"},{"surface":"ferebat","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would speak of"}]},{"number":626,"label":"626","id":"b1-l626","source":"seque ortum antiqua Teucrorum ab stirpe volebat.","translation":"and wanted it that he had sprung from the old Teucrian stock.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l626.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"seque","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"himself","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ortum","lemma":"orior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"sprung"},{"surface":"antiqua","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Teucrorum","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Teucrian"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"stirpe","lemma":"stirps","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"stock"},{"surface":"volebat","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wanted"}]},{"number":627,"label":"627","id":"b1-l627","source":"Quare agite, O tectis, iuvenes, succedite nostris.","translation":"So come, young men, come in under our roof.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l627.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quare","lemma":"quare","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"agite","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"tectis","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"under our roof"},{"surface":"iuvenes","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"succedite","lemma":"succedo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"come in"},{"surface":"nostris","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, dative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":628,"label":"628","id":"b1-l628","source":"Me quoque per multos similis fortuna labores","translation":"A like fortune drove me too through many hardships","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l628.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"quoque","lemma":"quoque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"multos","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"similis","lemma":"similis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"a like"},{"surface":"fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"labores","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"hardships"}]},{"number":629,"label":"629","id":"b1-l629","source":"iactatam hac demum voluit consistere terra.","translation":"and willed at last that I settle in this land.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l629.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iactatam","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tossed"},{"surface":"hac","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"demum","lemma":"demum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"voluit","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"willed"},{"surface":"consistere","lemma":"consisto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to settle"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":630,"label":"630","id":"b1-l630","source":"Non ignara mali, miseris succurrere disco.”","translation":"Not ignorant of hardship, I learn to help the wretched.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l630.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Non ignara mali, miseris succurrere disco","title":"A present tense of learning","body":"disco, 'I am learning,' is present tense, not a completed statement of virtue. succurrere, 'to run to the aid of,' takes miseris, 'the wretched,' as its dative object. Dido says she is being taught to help, not that she already pities them fully."}],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ignara","lemma":"ignarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"ignorant"},{"surface":"mali","lemma":"malum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of hardship"},{"surface":"miseris","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"succurrere","lemma":"succurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to help"},{"surface":"disco","lemma":"disco","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"learn"}]},{"number":631,"label":"631","id":"b1-l631","source":"Sic memorat; simul Aenean in regia ducit","translation":"So she says; and at the same time she leads Aeneas into the royal","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l631.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"memorat","lemma":"memoro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at the same time"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"regia","lemma":"regius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"royal"},{"surface":"ducit","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leads"}]},{"number":632,"label":"632","id":"b1-l632","source":"tecta, simul divom templis indicit honorem.","translation":"house, and at the same time proclaims a rite in the temples of the gods.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l632.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tecta","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at the same time"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"templis","lemma":"templum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"in the temples"},{"surface":"indicit","lemma":"indico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"proclaims"},{"surface":"honorem","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"a rite"}]},{"number":633,"label":"633","id":"b1-l633","source":"Nec minus interea sociis ad litora mittit","translation":"Meanwhile she sends down to his companions on the shore, no less,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l633.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"minus","lemma":"minus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"sociis","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the shore"},{"surface":"mittit","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sends"}]},{"number":634,"label":"634","id":"b1-l634","source":"viginti tauros, magnorum horrentia centum","translation":"twenty bulls, a hundred bristling backs of great","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l634.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"viginti","lemma":"uiginti","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"tauros","lemma":"taurus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"bulls"},{"surface":"magnorum","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"horrentia","lemma":"horreo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bristling"},{"surface":"centum","lemma":"centum","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"a hundred"}]},{"number":635,"label":"635","id":"b1-l635","source":"terga suum, pinguis centum cum matribus agnos,","translation":"swine, a hundred fat lambs with their mothers,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l635.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terga","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"backs"},{"surface":"suum","lemma":"sus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of swine"},{"surface":"pinguis","lemma":"pinguis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"centum","lemma":"centum","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"matribus","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"mothers"},{"surface":"agnos","lemma":"agnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"lambs"}]},{"number":636,"label":"636","id":"b1-l636","source":"munera laetitiamque dii.","translation":"gifts, and the gladness of the day.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l636.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"munera","lemma":"munus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"laetitiamque","lemma":"laetitia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"and the gladness","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"dii","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":637,"label":"637","id":"b1-l637","source":"At domus interior regali splendida luxu","translation":"But inside, the house is being fitted out, splendid","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l637.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"interior","lemma":"interior","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"regali","lemma":"regalis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"royal"},{"surface":"splendida","lemma":"splendidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"luxu","lemma":"luxus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with luxury"}]},{"number":638,"label":"638","id":"b1-l638","source":"instruitur, mediisque parant convivia tectis:","translation":"with royal luxury, and they lay a banquet in the middle halls:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l638.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"instruitur","lemma":"instruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is being fitted out"},{"surface":"mediisque","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"parant","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"convivia","lemma":"conuiuium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"banquets"},{"surface":"tectis","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in halls"}]},{"number":639,"label":"639","id":"b1-l639","source":"arte laboratae vestes ostroque superbo,","translation":"coverings worked with art, and proud purple,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l639.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arte","lemma":"ars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with art"},{"surface":"laboratae","lemma":"laboro","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"worked"},{"surface":"vestes","lemma":"uestis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"coverings"},{"surface":"ostroque","lemma":"ostrum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"and purple"},{"surface":"superbo","lemma":"superbus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":640,"label":"640","id":"b1-l640","source":"ingens argentum mensis, caelataque in auro","translation":"a great weight of silver on the tables, and cut in the gold","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l640.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"argentum","lemma":"argentum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"mensis","lemma":"mensa","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on the tables"},{"surface":"caelataque","lemma":"caelo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"cut"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the gold"}]},{"number":641,"label":"641","id":"b1-l641","source":"fortia facta patrum, series longissima rerum","translation":"the brave deeds of the fathers, a very long train of events","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l641.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fortia","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"facta","lemma":"factum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"patrum","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"fathers"},{"surface":"series","lemma":"series","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"a train"},{"surface":"longissima","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"very long"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of events"}]},{"number":642,"label":"642","id":"b1-l642","source":"per tot ducta viros antiqua ab origine gentis.","translation":"drawn through so many men from the old beginning of the race.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l642.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"ducta","lemma":"duco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"viros","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"antiqua","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"origine","lemma":"origo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"gentis","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the race"}]},{"number":643,"label":"643","id":"b1-l643","source":"Aeneas (neque enim patrius consistere mentem","translation":"Aeneas (for a father's love would not let his mind","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l643.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"patrius","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"a father's"},{"surface":"consistere","lemma":"consisto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"stand still"},{"surface":"mentem","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"his mind"}]},{"number":644,"label":"644","id":"b1-l644","source":"passus amor) rapidum ad navis praemittit Achaten,","translation":"settle) sends swift Achates ahead to the ships,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l644.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"passus","lemma":"patior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"rapidum","lemma":"rapidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"navis","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"praemittit","lemma":"praemitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sends ahead or forward"},{"surface":"Achaten","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":645,"label":"645","id":"b1-l645","source":"Ascanio ferat haec, ipsumque ad moenia ducat;","translation":"to carry the news to Ascanius and bring the boy himself to the walls;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l645.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ascanio","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Ascanius"},{"surface":"ferat","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"to carry"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the news"},{"surface":"ipsumque","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the boy himself"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"ducat","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"bring"}]},{"number":646,"label":"646","id":"b1-l646","source":"omnis in Ascanio cari stat cura parentis.","translation":"all the loving father's care stands in Ascanius.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l646.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ascanio","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"cari","lemma":"carus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"loving"},{"surface":"stat","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"cura","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"parentis","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of a father"}]},{"number":647,"label":"647","id":"b1-l647","source":"Munera praeterea, Iliacis erepta ruinis,","translation":"Besides, he tells him to bring gifts saved out of the ruins","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l647.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Munera","lemma":"munus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"praeterea","lemma":"praeterea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"Iliacis","lemma":"iliacus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Ilium"},{"surface":"erepta","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"ruinis","lemma":"ruina","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"out of the ruins"}]},{"number":648,"label":"648","id":"b1-l648","source":"ferre iubet, pallam signis auroque rigentem,","translation":"of Ilium: a mantle stiff with figures and with gold,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l648.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ferre","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to bring"},{"surface":"iubet","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tells him"},{"surface":"pallam","lemma":"palla","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"a mantle"},{"surface":"signis","lemma":"signum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with figures"},{"surface":"auroque","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"and with gold"},{"surface":"rigentem","lemma":"rigeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stiff"}]},{"number":649,"label":"649","id":"b1-l649","source":"et circumtextum croceo velamen acantho,","translation":"and a veil bordered around with yellow acanthus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l649.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"circumtextum","lemma":"circumtextus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bordered around"},{"surface":"croceo","lemma":"croceus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"velamen","lemma":"uelamen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"veil"},{"surface":"acantho","lemma":"acanthus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with acanthus"}]},{"number":650,"label":"650","id":"b1-l650","source":"ornatus Argivae Helenae, quos illa Mycenis,","translation":"the dress of Argive Helen, which she had carried off from Mycenae","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l650.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ornatus","lemma":"ornatus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"attire"},{"surface":"Argivae","lemma":"argiuus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Argive"},{"surface":"Helenae","lemma":"helena","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Helen"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"Mycenis","lemma":"mycenae","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from Mycenae"}]},{"number":651,"label":"651","id":"b1-l651","source":"Pergama cum peteret inconcessosque hymenaeos,","translation":"when she was making for Pergamum and a marriage not allowed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l651.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pergama","lemma":"pergama","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"Pergamum"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"peteret","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was making for"},{"surface":"inconcessosque","lemma":"inconcessus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"not allowed"},{"surface":"hymenaeos","lemma":"hymenaeus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"marriage"}]},{"number":652,"label":"652","id":"b1-l652","source":"extulerat, matris Ledae mirabile donum:","translation":"her mother Leda's wonderful gift;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l652.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"extulerat","lemma":"effero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had carried off"},{"surface":"matris","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Ledae","lemma":"leda","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Leda"},{"surface":"mirabile","lemma":"mirabilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"wonderful"},{"surface":"donum","lemma":"donum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"gift"}]},{"number":653,"label":"653","id":"b1-l653","source":"praeterea sceptrum, Ilione quod gesserat olim,","translation":"besides that, the scepter Ilione had carried once,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l653.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praeterea","lemma":"praeterea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"besides that"},{"surface":"sceptrum","lemma":"sceptrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the scepter"},{"surface":"Ilione","lemma":"ilione","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ilione"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"gesserat","lemma":"gero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had carried"},{"surface":"olim","lemma":"olim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"once"}]},{"number":654,"label":"654","id":"b1-l654","source":"maxima natarum Priami, colloque monile","translation":"the eldest of Priam's daughters, and a necklace strung","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l654.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"maxima","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"predicate","gloss":"the eldest"},{"surface":"natarum","lemma":"nata","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"Priami","lemma":"priamus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Priamus"},{"surface":"colloque","lemma":"collum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"monile","lemma":"monile","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"a necklace"}]},{"number":655,"label":"655","id":"b1-l655","source":"bacatum, et duplicem gemmis auroque coronam.","translation":"with pearls, and a double crown of gems and gold.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l655.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bacatum","lemma":"bacatus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"strung with pearls"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"duplicem","lemma":"duplex","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"double"},{"surface":"gemmis","lemma":"gemma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"of gems"},{"surface":"auroque","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"and gold"},{"surface":"coronam","lemma":"corona","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"crown"}]},{"number":656,"label":"656","id":"b1-l656","source":"Haec celerans ita ad naves tendebat Achates.","translation":"Hurrying these along, Achates was making his way to the ships.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l656.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"celerans","lemma":"celero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hurrying"},{"surface":"ita","lemma":"ita","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"naves","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"tendebat","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was making his way"},{"surface":"Achates","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":657,"label":"657","id":"b1-l657","source":"At Cytherea novas artes, nova pectore versat","translation":"But the Cytherean turns new arts, new plans over","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l657.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"novas artes, nova ... consilia","title":"A noun for skill or trickery","body":"ars can mean skill or a device, and consilia means plans or schemes; both appear here as novas, nova, 'new.' Venus is preparing a plan for Cupid, and the same words could describe an honest craft or a deception."}],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Cytherea","lemma":"cytherea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Cytherean"},{"surface":"novas","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"artes","lemma":"ars","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"arts"},{"surface":"nova","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in her heart"},{"surface":"versat","lemma":"uerso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps turning"}]},{"number":658,"label":"658","id":"b1-l658","source":"Consilia, ut faciem mutatus et ora Cupido","translation":"in her heart: that Cupid, changed in his face and features,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l658.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Consilia","lemma":"consilium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"plans"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"faciem","lemma":"facies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"mutatus","lemma":"muto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"changed"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"features"},{"surface":"Cupido","lemma":"cupido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Cupid"}]},{"number":659,"label":"659","id":"b1-l659","source":"pro dulci Ascanio veniat, donisque furentem","translation":"should come in place of sweet Ascanius, and with the gifts","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l659.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in place of"},{"surface":"dulci","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"Ascanio","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"veniat","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"should come"},{"surface":"donisque","lemma":"donum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"furentem","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":660,"label":"660","id":"b1-l660","source":"incendat reginam, atque ossibus implicet ignem;","translation":"set the queen on fire and wind the flame into her bones;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l660.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incendat","lemma":"incendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sets fire to"},{"surface":"reginam","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ossibus","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"into her bones"},{"surface":"implicet","lemma":"implico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"ignem","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the flame"}]},{"number":661,"label":"661","id":"b1-l661","source":"quippe domum timet ambiguam Tyriosque bilinguis;","translation":"for she is afraid of the doubtful house and the two-tongued Tyrians;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l661.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quippe","lemma":"quippe","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"domum","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"timet","lemma":"timeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is afraid of"},{"surface":"ambiguam","lemma":"ambiguus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"doubtful"},{"surface":"Tyriosque","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the Tyrians","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"bilinguis","lemma":"bilinguis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"two-tongued"}]},{"number":662,"label":"662","id":"b1-l662","source":"urit atrox Iuno, et sub noctem cura recursat.","translation":"cruel Juno burns her, and toward night the worry runs back.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l662.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"urit","lemma":"uro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"burns"},{"surface":"atrox","lemma":"atrox","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"noctem","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"cura","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the worry"},{"surface":"recursat","lemma":"recurso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs or hasten back"}]},{"number":663,"label":"663","id":"b1-l663","source":"Ergo his aligerum dictis adfatur Amorem:","translation":"So she speaks to winged Love with these words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l663.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aligerum ... Amorem","title":"Two names for the same god","body":"Amorem, 'Love,' and Cupido, used thirty lines earlier, name the same god within one passage. aligerum, 'winged,' agrees with Amorem, accusative singular. There is no single English word covering both Latin names, so the translation keeps 'Cupid' for Cupido and 'Love' for Amor."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ergo","lemma":"ergo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"his","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"aligerum","lemma":"aliger","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"adfatur","lemma":"affor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks to"},{"surface":"Amorem","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":664,"label":"664","id":"b1-l664","source":"“Nate, meae vires, mea magna potentia solus,","translation":"“Son, my strength, my great power, you alone,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l664.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nate","lemma":"nascor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"meae","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"vires","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"magna","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"potentia","lemma":"potentia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"solus","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":665,"label":"665","id":"b1-l665","source":"nate, patris summi qui tela Typhoia temnis,","translation":"son, you who make nothing of the highest father's Typhoean bolts,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l665.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nate","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"patris","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"summi","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bolts"},{"surface":"Typhoia","lemma":"typhoius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Typhoean"},{"surface":"temnis","lemma":"temno","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"make nothing of"}]},{"number":666,"label":"666","id":"b1-l666","source":"ad te confugio et supplex tua numina posco.","translation":"I run to you for refuge, and ask your power as a suppliant.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l666.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"confugio","lemma":"confugio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"run for refuge"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"supplex","lemma":"supplex","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"as a suppliant"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"numina","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"posco","lemma":"posco","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"ask"}]},{"number":667,"label":"667","id":"b1-l667","source":"Frater ut Aeneas pelago tuus omnia circum","translation":"How your brother Aeneas is thrown about on the sea, round every","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l667.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Frater","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"pelago","lemma":"pelagus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"on the sea"},{"surface":"tuus","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":668,"label":"668","id":"b1-l668","source":"litora iactetur odiis Iunonis iniquae,","translation":"coast, by the hatred of an unfair Juno,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l668.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"coast"},{"surface":"iactetur","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is thrown"},{"surface":"odiis","lemma":"odium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by the hatred"},{"surface":"Iunonis","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"iniquae","lemma":"iniquus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unfair"}]},{"number":669,"label":"669","id":"b1-l669","source":"nota tibi, et nostro doluisti saepe dolore.","translation":"is known to you, and you have often grieved in our grief.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l669.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nota","lemma":"notus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nostro","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"doluisti","lemma":"doleo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"grieved"},{"surface":"saepe","lemma":"saepe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"dolore","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":670,"label":"670","id":"b1-l670","source":"Hunc Phoenissa tenet Dido blandisque moratur","translation":"Phoenician Dido holds him now and keeps him back with coaxing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l670.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Phoenissa","lemma":"phoenissa","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Phoenician"},{"surface":"tenet","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"blandisque","lemma":"blandus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coaxing"},{"surface":"moratur","lemma":"moror","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps back"}]},{"number":671,"label":"671","id":"b1-l671","source":"vocibus; et vereor, quo se Iunonia vertant","translation":"words; and I am afraid where a hospitality of Juno's may","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l671.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vocibus","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vereor","lemma":"uereor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"be afraid"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"Iunonia","lemma":"iunonius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno's"},{"surface":"vertant","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"turn"}]},{"number":672,"label":"672","id":"b1-l672","source":"hospitia; haud tanto cessabit cardine rerum.","translation":"turn: she will not hold off at so great a hinge of things.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l672.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cardine rerum","title":"A word for a door's hinge","body":"cardo, 'hinge,' is the pin on which a door turns; rerum, 'of things,' is a genitive with it: the hinge of events. Venus uses a piece of carpentry vocabulary for the turning point she means to force. cardine is ablative, governed by tanto, 'so great.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"hospitia","lemma":"hospitium","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"a hospitality"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"cessabit","lemma":"cesso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will hold off"},{"surface":"cardine","lemma":"cardo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hinge"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"things"}]},{"number":673,"label":"673","id":"b1-l673","source":"Quocirca capere ante dolis et cingere flamma","translation":"So I mean to take the queen first by guile, and to ring her","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l673.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quocirca","lemma":"quocirca","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"capere","lemma":"capio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"dolis","lemma":"dolus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by guile"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cingere","lemma":"cingo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to ring"},{"surface":"flamma","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"flame"}]},{"number":674,"label":"674","id":"b1-l674","source":"reginam meditor, ne quo se numine mutet,","translation":"about with flame, so that no power may change her,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l674.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"reginam","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"meditor","lemma":"meditor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"I mean"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"by any"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"numine","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by power"},{"surface":"mutet","lemma":"muto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"may change"}]},{"number":675,"label":"675","id":"b1-l675","source":"sed magno Aeneae mecum teneatur amore.","translation":"but she may be held with me by a great love of Aeneas.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l675.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Aeneas"},{"surface":"mecum","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"teneatur","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is held"},{"surface":"amore","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":676,"label":"676","id":"b1-l676","source":"Qua facere id possis, nostram nunc accipe mentem.","translation":"Hear now my thinking on how you can do it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l676.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"facere","lemma":"facio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to do"},{"surface":"id","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"possis","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you can"},{"surface":"nostram","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"accipe","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"mentem","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"thinking"}]},{"number":677,"label":"677","id":"b1-l677","source":"Regius accitu cari genitoris ad urbem","translation":"The king's boy, my greatest care, is getting ready to go","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l677.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Regius","lemma":"regius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"royal, of a king"},{"surface":"accitu","lemma":"accitus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by summons"},{"surface":"cari","lemma":"carus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"genitoris","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":678,"label":"678","id":"b1-l678","source":"Sidoniam puer ire parat, mea maxima cura,","translation":"to the Sidonian city, called for by his dear father,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l678.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sidoniam","lemma":"sidonius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Sidonian"},{"surface":"puer","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"ire","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"parat","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is getting ready"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"maxima","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"greatest"},{"surface":"cura","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"care"}]},{"number":679,"label":"679","id":"b1-l679","source":"dona ferens, pelago et flammis restantia Troiae:","translation":"carrying gifts that outlasted the sea and the fires of Troy:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l679.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dona","lemma":"donum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"ferens","lemma":"fero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"pelago","lemma":"pelagus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flammis","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"than the fires"},{"surface":"restantia","lemma":"resto","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"outlasting"},{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Troy"}]},{"number":680,"label":"680","id":"b1-l680","source":"hunc ego sopitum somno super alta Cythera","translation":"him I will put to sleep and hide away high on Cythera","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l680.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sopitum","lemma":"sopio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been caused to sleep"},{"surface":"somno","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"high on"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"Cythera","lemma":"cythera","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Cythera"}]},{"number":681,"label":"681","id":"b1-l681","source":"aut super Idalium sacrata sede recondam,","translation":"or on Idalium, in a consecrated seat,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l681.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Idalium","lemma":"idalium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Idalium"},{"surface":"sacrata","lemma":"sacro","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been consecrated"},{"surface":"sede","lemma":"sedes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"recondam","lemma":"recondo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will hide"}]},{"number":682,"label":"682","id":"b1-l682","source":"ne qua scire dolos mediusve occurrere possit.","translation":"so that he cannot learn of the trick or come into the middle of it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l682.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"scire","lemma":"scio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"learn"},{"surface":"dolos","lemma":"dolus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the trick"},{"surface":"mediusve","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"in the middle","note":"-ve attached: \"or.\""},{"surface":"occurrere","lemma":"occurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to encounter"},{"surface":"possit","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is able"}]},{"number":683,"label":"683","id":"b1-l683","source":"Tu faciem illius noctem non amplius unam","translation":"You are to counterfeit his face by a trick for one night,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l683.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"faciem ... falle dolo","title":"A verb of deceit taking a noun","body":"falle, imperative of fallere, 'to deceive,' takes faciem, 'the face, appearance,' as its direct object: literally 'deceive his appearance,' meaning imitate it falsely. dolo, 'by a trick,' is ablative of means. Latin puts the lie into the noun rather than adding a separate word for 'imitate.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"faciem","lemma":"facies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"illius","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"noctem","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for a night"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"amplius","lemma":"amplus","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"unam","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":684,"label":"684","id":"b1-l684","source":"falle dolo, et notos pueri puer indue voltus,","translation":"no more, and put on, a boy yourself, the boy's known look,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l684.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"falle","lemma":"fallo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"counterfeit"},{"surface":"dolo","lemma":"dolus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by a trick"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"notos","lemma":"notus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"pueri","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"boy's"},{"surface":"puer","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"a boy"},{"surface":"indue","lemma":"induo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"voltus","lemma":"uultus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"look"}]},{"number":685,"label":"685","id":"b1-l685","source":"ut, cum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido","translation":"so that when Dido at her happiest takes you into her lap","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l685.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"gremio","lemma":"gremium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"into her lap"},{"surface":"accipiet","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"laetissima","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"predicate","gloss":"happiest"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":686,"label":"686","id":"b1-l686","source":"regalis inter mensas laticemque Lyaeum,","translation":"among the royal tables and the wine of Lyaeus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l686.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"regalis","lemma":"regalis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"royal"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"mensas","lemma":"mensa","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"tables"},{"surface":"laticemque","lemma":"latex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the wine"},{"surface":"Lyaeum","lemma":"lyaeus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"of Lyaeus"}]},{"number":687,"label":"687","id":"b1-l687","source":"cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet,","translation":"when she gives you her arms and presses sweet kisses on you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l687.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"dabit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"amplexus","lemma":"amplexus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"her arms"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oscula","lemma":"osculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kisses"},{"surface":"dulcia","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"figet","lemma":"figo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will fix"}]},{"number":688,"label":"688","id":"b1-l688","source":"occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno.”","translation":"you may breathe a hidden fire into her and cheat her with poison.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l688.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"occultum","lemma":"occultus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"inspires","lemma":"inspiro","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you may breathe"},{"surface":"ignem","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"fallasque","lemma":"fallo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you may cheat"},{"surface":"veneno","lemma":"uenenum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"poison"}]},{"number":689,"label":"689","id":"b1-l689","source":"Paret Amor dictis carae genetricis, et alas","translation":"Love obeys his dear mother's words, and takes his wings","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l689.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Paret","lemma":"pareo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeys"},{"surface":"Amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"carae","lemma":"carus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"genetricis","lemma":"genetrix","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alas","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"wings"}]},{"number":690,"label":"690","id":"b1-l690","source":"exuit, et gressu gaudens incedit Iuli.","translation":"off, and walks along, glad, in the step of Iulus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l690.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gressu ... Iuli","title":"A noun naming a walking step","body":"gressu, ablative of gressus, 'step, gait,' is governed by incedit, 'he walks,' with Iuli, 'of Iulus,' a genitive naming whose step is being imitated. Cupid, disguised as the boy, has just removed his wings and must learn to walk instead of fly."}],"words":[{"surface":"exuit","lemma":"exuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes off"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gressu","lemma":"gressus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"gaudens","lemma":"gaudeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"incedit","lemma":"incedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"walks along"},{"surface":"Iuli","lemma":"iulus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Iulus"}]},{"number":691,"label":"691","id":"b1-l691","source":"At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem","translation":"But Venus pours a quiet rest through Ascanius' limbs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l691.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"Ascanio","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for Ascanius"},{"surface":"placidam","lemma":"placidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"membra","lemma":"membrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"quietem","lemma":"quies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"rest"}]},{"number":692,"label":"692","id":"b1-l692","source":"inrigat, et fotum gremio dea tollit in altos","translation":"and warming him at her breast the goddess carries him up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l692.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inrigat","lemma":"irrigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pours"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fotum","lemma":"foueo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been kept warm"},{"surface":"gremio","lemma":"gremium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at her breast"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"tollit","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries up"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"altos","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the high"}]},{"number":693,"label":"693","id":"b1-l693","source":"Idaliae lucos, ubi mollis amaracus illum","translation":"to the high groves of Idalium, where soft marjoram","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l693.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Idaliae","lemma":"idalia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Idalia"},{"surface":"lucos","lemma":"lucus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"groves"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"mollis","lemma":"mollis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"amaracus","lemma":"amaracus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"marjoram"},{"surface":"illum","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":694,"label":"694","id":"b1-l694","source":"floribus et dulci adspirans complectitur umbra.","translation":"wraps him in flowers and breathes sweet shade around him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l694.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"floribus","lemma":"flos","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in flowers"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dulci","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"adspirans","lemma":"aspiro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"breathing"},{"surface":"complectitur","lemma":"complector","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"wraps"},{"surface":"umbra","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in shade"}]},{"number":695,"label":"695","id":"b1-l695","source":"Iamque ibat dicto parens et dona Cupido","translation":"And now Cupid was going, obedient to the word, and carrying","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l695.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ibat","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was going"},{"surface":"dicto","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the word"},{"surface":"parens","lemma":"pareo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"obedient"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dona","lemma":"donum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"Cupido","lemma":"cupido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Cupid"}]},{"number":696,"label":"696","id":"b1-l696","source":"regia portabat Tyriis, duce laetus Achate.","translation":"the royal gifts for the Tyrians, glad to have Achates for guide.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l696.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"regia","lemma":"regius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"royal"},{"surface":"portabat","lemma":"porto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was carrying"},{"surface":"Tyriis","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for the Tyrians"},{"surface":"duce","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with as guide"},{"surface":"laetus","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"Achate","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":697,"label":"697","id":"b1-l697","source":"Cum venit, aulaeis iam se regina superbis","translation":"When he comes, the queen has already settled herself","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l697.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"venit","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"aulaeis","lemma":"aulaeum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"under hangings"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"superbis","lemma":"superbus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":698,"label":"698","id":"b1-l698","source":"aurea composuit sponda mediamque locavit.","translation":"under proud hangings on a golden couch, and taken the middle place.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l698.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aurea","lemma":"aureus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"composuit","lemma":"compono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"sponda","lemma":"sponda","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on a couch"},{"surface":"mediamque","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"middle","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"locavit","lemma":"loco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has taken"}]},{"number":699,"label":"699","id":"b1-l699","source":"Iam pater Aeneas et iam Troiana iuventus","translation":"Now father Aeneas, now the young men of Troy","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l699.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Troiana","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Troy"},{"surface":"iuventus","lemma":"iuuentus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the young men"}]},{"number":700,"label":"700","id":"b1-l700","source":"conveniunt, stratoque super discumbitur ostro.","translation":"come together, and they lie down on spread purple.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l700.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conveniunt","lemma":"conuenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"come together"},{"surface":"stratoque","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"discumbitur","lemma":"discumbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"they lie down"},{"surface":"ostro","lemma":"ostrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"purple dye"}]},{"number":701,"label":"701","id":"b1-l701","source":"Dant famuli manibus lymphas, Cereremque canistris","translation":"Servants give water for the hands, bring the bread out of","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l701.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dant","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"famuli","lemma":"famulus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"servants"},{"surface":"manibus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for the hands"},{"surface":"lymphas","lemma":"lympha","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"waters"},{"surface":"Cereremque","lemma":"ceres","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"canistris","lemma":"canistrum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"out of baskets"}]},{"number":702,"label":"702","id":"b1-l702","source":"expediunt, tonsisque ferunt mantelia villis.","translation":"baskets, and carry towels with the nap shorn smooth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l702.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"expediunt","lemma":"expedio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring out"},{"surface":"tonsisque","lemma":"tondeo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shorn"},{"surface":"ferunt","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"mantelia","lemma":"mantele","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"towels"},{"surface":"villis","lemma":"uillus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"nap"}]},{"number":703,"label":"703","id":"b1-l703","source":"Quinquaginta intus famulae, quibus ordine longam","translation":"Inside are fifty serving-women whose task is to lay the long","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l703.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quinquaginta","lemma":"quinquaginta","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"intus","lemma":"intus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"famulae","lemma":"famula","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"serving-women"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"ordine","lemma":"ordo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"longam","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":704,"label":"704","id":"b1-l704","source":"cura penum struere, et flammis adolere Penatis;","translation":"store of food in its order, and to feed the household gods with fire;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l704.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cura","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"task"},{"surface":"penum","lemma":"penus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"store of food"},{"surface":"struere","lemma":"struo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to lay"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flammis","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with fire"},{"surface":"adolere","lemma":"adoleo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to burn"},{"surface":"Penatis","lemma":"penates","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the household gods"}]},{"number":705,"label":"705","id":"b1-l705","source":"centum aliae totidemque pares aetate ministri,","translation":"a hundred others, and as many attendants of the same age,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l705.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"centum","lemma":"centum","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"aliae","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"totidemque","lemma":"totidem","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"just as many"},{"surface":"pares","lemma":"par","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"aetate","lemma":"aetas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in age"},{"surface":"ministri","lemma":"minister","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"attendants"}]},{"number":706,"label":"706","id":"b1-l706","source":"qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant.","translation":"to load the tables with dishes and to set out the cups.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l706.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"to load"},{"surface":"dapibus","lemma":"daps","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with dishes"},{"surface":"mensas","lemma":"mensa","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"tables"},{"surface":"onerent","lemma":"onero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"load"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pocula","lemma":"poculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the cups"},{"surface":"ponant","lemma":"pono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"set out"}]},{"number":707,"label":"707","id":"b1-l707","source":"Nec non et Tyrii per limina laeta frequentes","translation":"The Tyrians too came crowding in through the glad doorway,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l707.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Tyrii","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Tyrians"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"limina","lemma":"limen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the doorway"},{"surface":"laeta","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"frequentes","lemma":"frequens","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"crowding"}]},{"number":708,"label":"708","id":"b1-l708","source":"convenere, toris iussi discumbere pictis.","translation":"and were told to take their places on the embroidered couches.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l708.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"convenere","lemma":"conuenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came together"},{"surface":"toris","lemma":"torus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"couches"},{"surface":"iussi","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"discumbere","lemma":"discumbo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to take their places"},{"surface":"pictis","lemma":"pingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"embroidered"}]},{"number":709,"label":"709","id":"b1-l709","source":"Mirantur dona Aeneae, mirantur Iulum","translation":"They marvel at Aeneas' gifts, they marvel at Iulus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l709.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mirantur","lemma":"miror","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"marvel at"},{"surface":"dona","lemma":"donum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Aeneas'"},{"surface":"mirantur","lemma":"miror","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"marvel at"},{"surface":"Iulum","lemma":"iulus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Iulus"}]},{"number":710,"label":"710","id":"b1-l710","source":"flagrantisque dei voltus simulataque verba,","translation":"at the blazing face of the god and his counterfeit words,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l710.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"flagrantisque","lemma":"flagro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"voltus","lemma":"uultus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"simulataque","lemma":"simulo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"counterfeit"},{"surface":"verba","lemma":"uerbum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":711,"label":"711","id":"b1-l711","source":"pallamque et pictum croceo velamen acantho.","translation":"at the mantle and the veil worked with yellow acanthus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l711.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pallamque","lemma":"palla","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the mantle"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pictum","lemma":"pingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"worked"},{"surface":"croceo","lemma":"croceus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"velamen","lemma":"uelamen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"veil"},{"surface":"acantho","lemma":"acanthus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with acanthus"}]},{"number":712,"label":"712","id":"b1-l712","source":"Praecipue infelix, pesti devota futurae,","translation":"Above all the unlucky woman, given over to the ruin coming,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l712.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pesti devota futurae","title":"A religious word for being doomed","body":"devota, 'given over, consecrated,' is a religious term, used in Roman ritual for a man formally devoted to death. Here it describes Dido, dative pesti ... futurae, 'to the ruin that is coming.' Vergil applies the word to her before any of the events it names have happened."}],"words":[{"surface":"Praecipue","lemma":"praecipue","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"pesti","lemma":"pestis","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the ruin"},{"surface":"devota","lemma":"deuoueo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"given over"},{"surface":"futurae","lemma":"futurus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":713,"label":"713","id":"b1-l713","source":"expleri mentem nequit ardescitque tuendo","translation":"cannot fill her mind, and takes fire as she looks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l713.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"expleri","lemma":"expleo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be filled out"},{"surface":"mentem","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"her mind"},{"surface":"nequit","lemma":"nequeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cannot"},{"surface":"ardescitque","lemma":"ardesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"catches fire"},{"surface":"tuendo","lemma":"tueor","morphology":"gerund, ablative","role":"adverbial","gloss":"looking"}]},{"number":714,"label":"714","id":"b1-l714","source":"Phoenissa, et pariter puero donisque movetur.","translation":"the Phoenician, moved by the boy and by the gifts alike.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l714.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Phoenissa","lemma":"phoenissa","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Phoenician"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pariter","lemma":"pariter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"puero","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by the boy"},{"surface":"donisque","lemma":"donum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"and by the gifts"},{"surface":"movetur","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is moved"}]},{"number":715,"label":"715","id":"b1-l715","source":"Ille ubi complexu Aeneae colloque pependit","translation":"When he has hung on Aeneas' embrace and his neck","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l715.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"complexu","lemma":"complexus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"embrace"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Aeneas'"},{"surface":"colloque","lemma":"collum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"and his neck"},{"surface":"pependit","lemma":"pendeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"hung"}]},{"number":716,"label":"716","id":"b1-l716","source":"et magnum falsi implevit genitoris amorem,","translation":"and filled out the great love of a father not his own,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l716.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"magnum","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"falsi","lemma":"falsus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"not his own"},{"surface":"implevit","lemma":"impleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"filled up"},{"surface":"genitoris","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"amorem","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":717,"label":"717","id":"b1-l717","source":"reginam petit haec oculis, haec pectore toto","translation":"he makes for the queen. She holds him with her eyes, holds him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l717.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"reginam","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"petit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes for"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with her breast"},{"surface":"toto","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"}]},{"number":718,"label":"718","id":"b1-l718","source":"haeret et interdum gremio fovet, inscia Dido,","translation":"with her whole breast, and now and then warms him in her lap, Dido,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l718.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"inscia Dido","title":"Her name held to the end","body":"inscia, 'not knowing,' agrees with Dido, both nominative, and the two words are placed at the very end of the clause. The reader learns what Dido cannot know before her name itself arrives. Latin word order lets the qualifying word come before the noun it belongs to."}],"words":[{"surface":"haeret","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds him"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"interdum","lemma":"interdum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now and then"},{"surface":"gremio","lemma":"gremium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in her lap"},{"surface":"fovet","lemma":"foueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps warm"},{"surface":"inscia","lemma":"inscius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"not knowing"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":719,"label":"719","id":"b1-l719","source":"insidat quantus miserae deus; at memor ille","translation":"not knowing how great a god settles on her, poor woman. But he,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l719.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"insidat","lemma":"insido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"settles"},{"surface":"quantus","lemma":"quantus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"how great"},{"surface":"miserae","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on her, poor woman"},{"surface":"deus","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"memor","lemma":"memor","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":720,"label":"720","id":"b1-l720","source":"matris Acidaliae paulatim abolere Sychaeum","translation":"remembering his Acidalian mother, begins little by little","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l720.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"matris","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Acidaliae","lemma":"acidalius","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Acidalian"},{"surface":"paulatim","lemma":"paulatim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"little by little"},{"surface":"abolere","lemma":"aboleo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"begins to rub out"},{"surface":"Sychaeum","lemma":"sychaeus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Sychaeus"}]},{"number":721,"label":"721","id":"b1-l721","source":"incipit, et vivo temptat praevertere amore","translation":"to rub Sychaeus out, and tries to head off with a living love","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l721.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incipit","lemma":"incipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"begins"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vivo","lemma":"uiuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"temptat","lemma":"tempto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tries"},{"surface":"praevertere","lemma":"praeuerto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to head off"},{"surface":"amore","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":722,"label":"722","id":"b1-l722","source":"iam pridem resides animos desuetaque corda.","translation":"a heart long since at rest, and out of the habit.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l722.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"pridem","lemma":"pridem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"resides","lemma":"reses","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"at rest"},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"desuetaque","lemma":"desuesco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"out of habit"},{"surface":"corda","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"hearts"}]},{"number":723,"label":"723","id":"b1-l723","source":"Postquam prima quies epulis, mensaeque remotae,","translation":"After the first lull in the eating, and the tables cleared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l723.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the first"},{"surface":"quies","lemma":"quies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"lull"},{"surface":"epulis","lemma":"epulae","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"courses, food"},{"surface":"mensaeque","lemma":"mensa","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"tables"},{"surface":"remotae","lemma":"remoueo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"cleared"}]},{"number":724,"label":"724","id":"b1-l724","source":"crateras magnos statuunt et vina coronant.","translation":"they set up great mixing bowls and crown the wine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l724.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vina coronant","title":"An old phrase with two senses","body":"coronant, 'they crown,' can mean either that garlands are hung on the mixing bowls or that the bowls are filled to the brim, standing proud of the rim. Ancient readers already disagreed on which Vergil meant. Homer, whom Vergil is following, means the bowls filled full."}],"words":[{"surface":"crateras","lemma":"cratera","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"mixing bowls"},{"surface":"magnos","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"statuunt","lemma":"statuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"set up"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vina","lemma":"uinum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the wine"},{"surface":"coronant","lemma":"corono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"crown"}]},{"number":725,"label":"725","id":"b1-l725","source":"Fit strepitus tectis, vocemque per ampla volutant","translation":"Noise rises through the house, and they roll their voices through the wide","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l725.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fit","lemma":"fio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"strepitus","lemma":"strepitus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"noise"},{"surface":"tectis","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"through the house"},{"surface":"vocemque","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"their voices"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ampla","lemma":"amplus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the wide"},{"surface":"volutant","lemma":"uoluto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"roll"}]},{"number":726,"label":"726","id":"b1-l726","source":"atria; dependent lychni laquearibus aureis","translation":"halls; lamps hang lit from the gilded panels","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l726.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"atria","lemma":"atrium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"dependent","lemma":"dependeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hang down"},{"surface":"lychni","lemma":"lychnus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"lamps"},{"surface":"laquearibus","lemma":"laquear","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"panels"},{"surface":"aureis","lemma":"aureus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"gilded"}]},{"number":727,"label":"727","id":"b1-l727","source":"incensi, et noctem flammis funalia vincunt.","translation":"of the ceiling, and torches beat the night back with flame.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l727.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incensi","lemma":"incendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lit"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"noctem","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"flammis","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with flame"},{"surface":"funalia","lemma":"funale","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"torches"},{"surface":"vincunt","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beat back"}]},{"number":728,"label":"728","id":"b1-l728","source":"Hic regina gravem gemmis auroque poposcit","translation":"Here the queen called for a bowl heavy with gems and gold","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l728.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"gravem","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"gemmis","lemma":"gemma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with gems"},{"surface":"auroque","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"and gold"},{"surface":"poposcit","lemma":"posco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"called for"}]},{"number":729,"label":"729","id":"b1-l729","source":"implevitque mero pateram, quam Belus et omnes","translation":"and filled it with unmixed wine, the one Belus used, and all","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l729.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"implevitque","lemma":"impleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled up"},{"surface":"mero","lemma":"merum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"pateram","lemma":"patera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"bowl"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Belus","lemma":"belus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Belus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":730,"label":"730","id":"b1-l730","source":"a Belo soliti; tum facta silentia tectis:","translation":"from Belus down; then silence was made in the hall:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l730.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Belo","lemma":"belus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Belus"},{"surface":"soliti","lemma":"soleo","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"accustomed"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"facta","lemma":"facio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"silentia","lemma":"silentium","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"tectis","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"place","gloss":"roofs"}]},{"number":731,"label":"731","id":"b1-l731","source":"“Iuppiter, hospitibus nam te dare iura loquuntur,","translation":"“Jupiter, for they say that you give the guest his rights,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l731.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"hospitibus","lemma":"hospes","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the guest"},{"surface":"nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dare","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"iura","lemma":"ius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"rights"},{"surface":"loquuntur","lemma":"loquor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"}]},{"number":732,"label":"732","id":"b1-l732","source":"hunc laetum Tyriisque diem Troiaque profectis","translation":"grant that this be a glad day for Tyrians and for those","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l732.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"laetum","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"Tyriisque","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Tyrians","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"diem","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"Troiaque","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"profectis","lemma":"proficiscor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for those who set out"}]},{"number":733,"label":"733","id":"b1-l733","source":"esse velis, nostrosque huius meminisse minores.","translation":"who set out from Troy, and that our children remember it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l733.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"esse","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"velis","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"nostrosque","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"huius","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"meminisse","lemma":"memini","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to remember"},{"surface":"minores","lemma":"minor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":734,"label":"734","id":"b1-l734","source":"Adsit laetitiae Bacchus dator, et bona Iuno;","translation":"Let Bacchus, giver of gladness, be here, and kindly Juno;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l734.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Adsit","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let be here"},{"surface":"laetitiae","lemma":"laetitia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of gladness"},{"surface":"Bacchus","lemma":"bacchus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Bacchus"},{"surface":"dator","lemma":"dator","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"giver"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bona","lemma":"bonus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"}]},{"number":735,"label":"735","id":"b1-l735","source":"et vos, O, coetum, Tyrii, celebrate faventes.”","translation":"and you, Tyrians, keep this gathering with your good will.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l735.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, vocative plural","role":"address","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"coetum","lemma":"coetus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"this gathering"},{"surface":"Tyrii","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Tyrians"},{"surface":"celebrate","lemma":"celebro","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"faventes","lemma":"faueo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"with good will"}]},{"number":736,"label":"736","id":"b1-l736","source":"Dixit, et in mensam laticum libavit honorem,","translation":"She spoke, and poured the offering of wine onto the table,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l736.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dixit","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"mensam","lemma":"mensa","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the table"},{"surface":"laticum","lemma":"latex","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of wine"},{"surface":"libavit","lemma":"libo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"honorem","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the offering"}]},{"number":737,"label":"737","id":"b1-l737","source":"primaque, libato, summo tenus attigit ore,","translation":"and when it was poured she touched it first with the edge of her lips,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l737.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"primaque","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"libato","lemma":"libo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when poured"},{"surface":"summo","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the edge"},{"surface":"tenus","lemma":"tenus","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"attigit","lemma":"attingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with her lips"}]},{"number":738,"label":"738","id":"b1-l738","source":"tum Bitiae dedit increpitans; ille impiger hausit","translation":"then gave it to Bitias with a challenge; he did not hang back,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l738.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Bitiae","lemma":"bitias","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Bitias"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"increpitans","lemma":"increpito","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"challenging"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"impiger","lemma":"impiger","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"not hanging back"},{"surface":"hausit","lemma":"haurio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drained"}]},{"number":739,"label":"739","id":"b1-l739","source":"spumantem pateram, et pleno se proluit auro","translation":"but drained the foaming bowl and soaked himself in the brimming gold;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l739.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"spumantem","lemma":"spumo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"foaming"},{"surface":"pateram","lemma":"patera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"bowl"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pleno","lemma":"plenus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"brimming"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"proluit","lemma":"proluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"soaked"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the gold"}]},{"number":740,"label":"740","id":"b1-l740","source":"post alii proceres. Cithara crinitus Iopas","translation":"then the other nobles. Long-haired Iopas makes the gilded","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l740.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"post","lemma":"post","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"proceres","lemma":"procer","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"nobles"},{"surface":"Cithara","lemma":"cithara","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a lyre"},{"surface":"crinitus","lemma":"crinitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Iopas","lemma":"iopas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Iopas"}]},{"number":741,"label":"741","id":"b1-l741","source":"personat aurata, docuit quem maximus Atlas.","translation":"lyre ring out, whom mighty Atlas taught.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l741.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"personat","lemma":"persono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes loud"},{"surface":"aurata","lemma":"auratus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gilded"},{"surface":"docuit","lemma":"doceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"taught"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"maximus","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Atlas","lemma":"atlas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Atlas"}]},{"number":742,"label":"742","id":"b1-l742","source":"Hic canit errantem lunam solisque labores;","translation":"He sings of the wandering moon and the sun's labors;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l742.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"canit","lemma":"cano","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sings"},{"surface":"errantem","lemma":"erro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"lunam","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"solisque","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"sun's"},{"surface":"labores","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"labors"}]},{"number":743,"label":"743","id":"b1-l743","source":"unde hominum genus et pecudes; unde imber et ignes;","translation":"where the race of men came from, and the herds; where rain and fire;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l743.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"unde","lemma":"unde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"hominum","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pecudes","lemma":"pecus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the herds"},{"surface":"unde","lemma":"unde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"imber","lemma":"imber","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ignes","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":744,"label":"744","id":"b1-l744","source":"Arcturum pluviasque Hyadas geminosque Triones;","translation":"Arcturus, the rainy Hyades, and the twin Wains;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l744.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arcturum","lemma":"arcturus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Arcturus"},{"surface":"pluviasque","lemma":"pluuius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rainy","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Hyadas","lemma":"hyades","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the Hyades"},{"surface":"geminosque","lemma":"geminus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"twin"},{"surface":"Triones","lemma":"triones","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the Wains"}]},{"number":745,"label":"745","id":"b1-l745","source":"quid tantum Oceano properent se tinguere soles","translation":"why the winter suns are in such a hurry to dip themselves","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l745.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"tantum","lemma":"tantum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"Oceano","lemma":"oceanus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"in Ocean"},{"surface":"properent","lemma":"propero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"hurry"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"tinguere","lemma":"tinguo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to dip"},{"surface":"soles","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the suns"}]},{"number":746,"label":"746","id":"b1-l746","source":"hiberni, vel quae tardis mora noctibus obstet.","translation":"in Ocean, or what delay holds up the slow nights.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l746.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hiberni","lemma":"hibernus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"uel","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"tardis","lemma":"tardus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the slow"},{"surface":"mora","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"noctibus","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the nights"},{"surface":"obstet","lemma":"obsto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"holds up"}]},{"number":747,"label":"747","id":"b1-l747","source":"Ingeminant plausu Tyrii, Troesque sequuntur.","translation":"The Tyrians redouble their applause, and the Trojans follow them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l747.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingeminant","lemma":"ingemino","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"redouble"},{"surface":"plausu","lemma":"plausus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"applause"},{"surface":"Tyrii","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Tyrians"},{"surface":"Troesque","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"sequuntur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":748,"label":"748","id":"b1-l748","source":"Nec non et vario noctem sermone trahebat","translation":"And unlucky Dido was drawing the night out with talk","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l748.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"vario","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"varied"},{"surface":"noctem","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"sermone","lemma":"sermo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with talk"},{"surface":"trahebat","lemma":"traho","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was drawing out"}]},{"number":749,"label":"749","id":"b1-l749","source":"infelix Dido, longumque bibebat amorem,","translation":"of one thing and another, and drinking a long draught of love,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l749.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"longumque","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"bibebat","lemma":"bibo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was drinking"},{"surface":"amorem","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":750,"label":"750","id":"b1-l750","source":"multa super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa;","translation":"asking much about Priam, and much about Hector;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l750.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Priamo","lemma":"priamus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Priam"},{"surface":"rogitans","lemma":"rogito","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"asking"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Hectore","lemma":"hector","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Hector"},{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"much"}]},{"number":751,"label":"751","id":"b1-l751","source":"nunc quibus Aurorae venisset filius armis,","translation":"now in what arms the son of Dawn had come,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l751.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"in what"},{"surface":"Aurorae","lemma":"aurora","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Dawn"},{"surface":"venisset","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"filius","lemma":"filius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in arms"}]},{"number":752,"label":"752","id":"b1-l752","source":"nunc quales Diomedis equi, nunc quantus Achilles.","translation":"now what Diomedes' horses were like, now how great Achilles was.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l752.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"quales","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"of what kind"},{"surface":"Diomedis","lemma":"diomedes","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Diomedes'"},{"surface":"equi","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"quantus","lemma":"quantus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"how great"},{"surface":"Achilles","lemma":"achilles","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":753,"label":"753","id":"b1-l753","source":"“Immo age, et a prima dic, hospes, origine nobis","translation":"“No, come, guest, tell us from the first beginning","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l753.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Immo","lemma":"immo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no indeed"},{"surface":"age","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the first"},{"surface":"dic","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"hospes","lemma":"hospes","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"guest"},{"surface":"origine","lemma":"origo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"nobis","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural","role":"indirect object","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":754,"label":"754","id":"b1-l754","source":"insidias”, inquit, “Danaum, casusque tuorum,","translation":"the treachery of the Greeks,” she says, “and the disasters of your people,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l754.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"insidias","lemma":"insidiae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"treachery"},{"surface":"inquit","lemma":"inquam","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"Danaum","lemma":"danai","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Greeks"},{"surface":"casusque","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the disasters"},{"surface":"tuorum","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of your people"}]},{"number":755,"label":"755","id":"b1-l755","source":"erroresque tuos; nam te iam septima portat","translation":"and your own wanderings; for this is now the seventh summer","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l755.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"erroresque","lemma":"error","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"wanderings"},{"surface":"tuos","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"septima","lemma":"septimus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the seventh"},{"surface":"portat","lemma":"porto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries"}]},{"number":756,"label":"756","id":"b1-l756","source":"omnibus errantem terris et fluctibus aestas.”","translation":"that carries you wandering over every land and sea.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b1-l756.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"omnibus","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"errantem","lemma":"erro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"terris","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fluctibus","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"and sea"},{"surface":"aestas","lemma":"aestas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"summer"}]}]}