{"work":{"slug":"aeneid","title":{"source":"Aeneis","translated":"The Aeneid"},"author":"Publius Vergilius Maro","language":"Latin","languageCode":"la","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":10,"id":"book-10","title":{"source":"Aeneidos X","translated":"Book 10. The Council of the Gods, and the Deaths of Pallas and Lausus"},"section":"The War in Latium","summary":"Aeneas returns with allies. Turnus kills Pallas and takes his belt. Aeneas kills Lausus and his father Mezentius.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid/10","lines":909},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid/9","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid/11","license":"Source text: public domain (Vergil, Aeneid, ed. J. B. Greenough, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1900), as encoded in the Perseus Digital Library canonical-latinLit TEI, CC BY-SA 4.0. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC, line for line. Narration: read by Malone (LibriVox, 2012), public domain.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b10-l1","source":"Panditur interea domus omnipotentis Olympi,","translation":"Meanwhile the house of all-powerful Olympus is opened wide,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Panditur","lemma":"pando","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is spread open"},{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"omnipotentis","lemma":"omnipotens","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all-powerful"},{"surface":"Olympi","lemma":"olympus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b10-l2","source":"conciliumque vocat divom pater atque hominum rex","translation":"and the father of gods and king of men calls a council","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conciliumque","lemma":"concilium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"council","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"vocat","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hominum","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b10-l3","source":"sideream in sedem, terras unde arduus omnis","translation":"into his starry seat, from which, high up, he looks out over all the lands","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sideream","lemma":"sidereus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"starry"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sedem","lemma":"sedes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"unde","lemma":"unde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"arduus","lemma":"arduus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high up"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b10-l4","source":"castraque Dardanidum adspectat populosque Latinos.","translation":"and the camp of the sons of Dardanus and the peoples of Latium.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"castraque","lemma":"castrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"Dardanidum","lemma":"dardanides","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the sons of Dardanus"},{"surface":"adspectat","lemma":"aspecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"looks"},{"surface":"populosque","lemma":"populus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"peoples"},{"surface":"Latinos","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Latin"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b10-l5","source":"Considunt tectis bipatentibus, incipit ipse:","translation":"They take their seats in the hall of the double doors; he himself begins:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tectis bipatentibus","title":"The hall of the double doors","body":"Bipatens means 'lying open on both sides', describing a hall with doors or openings at either end. The compound word appears to be Vergil's own coinage, tectis bipatentibus, 'in the hall open both ways'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Considunt","lemma":"consido","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"take their seats"},{"surface":"tectis","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"place","gloss":"roofs"},{"surface":"bipatentibus","lemma":"bipatens","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"double-doored"},{"surface":"incipit","lemma":"incipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"begins"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b10-l6","source":"“Caelicolae magni, quianam sententia vobis","translation":"“Great dwellers in heaven, why has your judgment","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"quianam","title":"An archaic word for why","body":"Quianam is an old equivalent of quare, 'why', drawn from the earlier poet Ennius. Jupiter opens the divine council with this antique word rather than the ordinary one."}],"words":[{"surface":"Caelicolae","lemma":"caelicola","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"heaven dweller"},{"surface":"magni","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, vocative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"quianam","lemma":"quianam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"sententia","lemma":"sententia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"judgment"},{"surface":"vobis","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b10-l7","source":"versa retro tantumque animis certatis iniquis?","translation":"turned back on itself, and why do you strive so, with grudging hearts?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"versa","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"retro","lemma":"retro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"tantumque","lemma":"tantum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"animis","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"certatis","lemma":"certo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strive"},{"surface":"iniquis","lemma":"iniquus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grudging"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b10-l8","source":"Abnueram bello Italiam concurrere Teucris.","translation":"I had forbidden Italy to clash in war with the Teucrians.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Abnueram","lemma":"abnuo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had forbidden"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"concurrere","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to clash"},{"surface":"Teucris","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"with the Teucrians"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b10-l9","source":"Quae contra vetitum discordia? Quis metus aut hos","translation":"What is this discord against my ban? What fear has talked","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"vetitum","lemma":"ueto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"ban"},{"surface":"discordia","lemma":"discordia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"discord"},{"surface":"Quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"metus","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"these"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b10-l10","source":"aut hos arma sequi ferrumque lacessere suasit?","translation":"the one side or the other into taking up arms and provoking the sword?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"sequi","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"ferrumque","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the sword"},{"surface":"lacessere","lemma":"lacesso","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to provoke"},{"surface":"suasit","lemma":"suadeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"persuaded"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b10-l11","source":"Adveniet iustum pugnae, ne arcessite, tempus,","translation":"The right time for fighting will come, do not send for it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Adveniet","lemma":"aduenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"iustum","lemma":"iustus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"for fighting"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"arcessite","lemma":"arcesso","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"send for"},{"surface":"tempus","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b10-l12","source":"cum fera Karthago Romanis arcibus olim","translation":"when one day fierce Carthage will let loose against the citadels of Rome","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"fera","lemma":"ferus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"Karthago","lemma":"carthago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Carthago"},{"surface":"Romanis","lemma":"romanus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Roman"},{"surface":"arcibus","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"citadels"},{"surface":"olim","lemma":"olim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"one day"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b10-l13","source":"exitium magnum atque Alpes immittet apertas:","translation":"a great ruin, and the Alps thrown open:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exitium","lemma":"exitium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"magnum","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Alpes","lemma":"alpes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the Alps"},{"surface":"immittet","lemma":"immitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will let loose"},{"surface":"apertas","lemma":"aperio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thrown open"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b10-l14","source":"tum certare odiis, tum res rapuisse licebit.","translation":"then it will be lawful to strive in hatred, then to plunder.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"certare","lemma":"certo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to strive"},{"surface":"odiis","lemma":"odium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hatred"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"res","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"rapuisse","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to plunder"},{"surface":"licebit","lemma":"licet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will allow"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b10-l15","source":"Nunc sinite et placitum laeti componite foedus.”","translation":"Now let it be, and settle gladly the treaty that pleases me.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"sinite","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"let be"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"placitum","lemma":"placeo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"laeti","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"componite","lemma":"compono","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"settle"},{"surface":"foedus","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"treaty"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b10-l16","source":"Iuppiter haec paucis; at non Venus aurea contra","translation":"Jupiter said so much, briefly; but golden Venus, answering him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"paucis","lemma":"paucus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in few words"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"aurea","lemma":"aureus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in reply"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b10-l17","source":"pauca refert:","translation":"is not brief:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"at non ... pauca refert","title":"Not brief, meaning very long","body":"At non pauca refert, 'she replies not in few words', uses litotes, denying the opposite to state it more strongly. Jupiter's own words before this are brief; Venus answers with a speech of forty-five lines."}],"words":[{"surface":"pauca","lemma":"paucus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"few things"},{"surface":"refert","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"replies"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b10-l18","source":"“O pater, O hominum rerumque aeterna potestas!","translation":"“O father, O everlasting power over men and things!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"hominum","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"rerumque","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"aeterna","lemma":"aeternus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"everlasting"},{"surface":"potestas","lemma":"potestas","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"power"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b10-l19","source":"Namque aliud quid sit, quod iam implorare queamus?","translation":"For what else is there that we could beg of now?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"aliud","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"implorare","lemma":"imploro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to beg for"},{"surface":"queamus","lemma":"queo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"we could"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b10-l20","source":"Cernis ut insultent Rutuli Turnusque feratur","translation":"You see how the Rutulians exult, how Turnus is carried","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cernis","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"insultent","lemma":"insulto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"exult"},{"surface":"Rutuli","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"Turnusque","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"feratur","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is carried"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b10-l21","source":"per medios insignis equis tumidusque secundo","translation":"through the middle of them, splendid on his horses, and how he charges","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"medios","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"insignis","lemma":"insignis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"equis","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"tumidusque","lemma":"tumidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swollen"},{"surface":"secundo","lemma":"secundus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"favoring"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b10-l22","source":"Marte ruat? Non clausa tegunt iam moenia Teucros:","translation":"swollen with a Mars that favors him? Closed walls no longer cover the Teucrians:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Marte","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Mars"},{"surface":"ruat","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"charges"},{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"clausa","lemma":"claudo","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"closed"},{"surface":"tegunt","lemma":"tego","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cover"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"Teucros","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Teucrians"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b10-l23","source":"quin intra portas atque ipsis proelia miscent","translation":"no, they join battle inside the gates and on the very","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quin","lemma":"quin","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"intra","lemma":"intra","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"portas","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ipsis","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the very"},{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"miscent","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"join"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b10-l24","source":"aggeribus moerorum et inundant sanguine fossas.","translation":"earthworks of the ramparts, and the trenches run over with blood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aggeribus","lemma":"agger","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"earthworks"},{"surface":"moerorum","lemma":"moerus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the ramparts"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inundant","lemma":"inundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"run over"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"fossas","lemma":"fossa","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"trenches"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b10-l25","source":"Aeneas ignarus abest. Numquamne levari","translation":"Aeneas is away and knows nothing. Will you never allow","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"ignarus","lemma":"ignarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"knowing nothing"},{"surface":"abest","lemma":"absum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is away"},{"surface":"Numquamne","lemma":"numquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"never","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"levari","lemma":"leuo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be lifted"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b10-l26","source":"obsidione sines? Muris iterum imminet hostis","translation":"the siege to be lifted? An enemy hangs over the walls","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obsidione","lemma":"obsidio","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"siege"},{"surface":"sines","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will allow"},{"surface":"Muris","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"iterum","lemma":"iterum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"imminet","lemma":"immineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hangs over"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"enemy"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b10-l27","source":"nascentis Troiae nec non exercitus alter;","translation":"of a Troy being born again, and a second army with him;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nascentis","lemma":"nascor","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"being born"},{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"exercitus","lemma":"exercitus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"army"},{"surface":"alter","lemma":"alter","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"a second"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b10-l28","source":"atque iterum in Teucros Aetolis surgit ab Arpis","translation":"and against the Teucrians, out of Aetolian Arpi, the son of Tydeus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"iterum","lemma":"iterum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Teucros","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"Aetolis","lemma":"aetolus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Aetolian"},{"surface":"surgit","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Arpis","lemma":"arpi","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Arpi"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b10-l29","source":"Tydides. Equidem credo, mea volnera restant","translation":"rises a second time. To be sure, I believe my own wounds are still to come,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tydides","lemma":"tydides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"Equidem","lemma":"equidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"credo","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"volnera","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"wounds"},{"surface":"restant","lemma":"resto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"remain"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b10-l30","source":"et tua progenies mortalia demoror arma.","translation":"and I, your child, am kept waiting on mortal weapons.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"progenies","lemma":"progenies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"mortalia","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"demoror","lemma":"demoror","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"am delayed by"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b10-l31","source":"Si sine pace tua atque invito numine Troes","translation":"If without your peace and against your will the Trojans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"sine","lemma":"sine","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"pace","lemma":"pax","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"invito","lemma":"inuitus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"numine","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"divine will"},{"surface":"Troes","lemma":"troes","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojans"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b10-l32","source":"Italiam petiere, luant peccata neque illos","translation":"made for Italy, let them pay for their offenses, and do not","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"petiere","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"made for"},{"surface":"luant","lemma":"luo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"pay"},{"surface":"peccata","lemma":"peccatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"offenses"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"illos","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b10-l33","source":"iuveris auxilio; sin tot responsa secuti,","translation":"stand by them with help; but if they followed so many answers","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iuveris","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"helped"},{"surface":"auxilio","lemma":"auxilium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with help"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but if"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"responsa","lemma":"responsum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"answers"},{"surface":"secuti","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having followed"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b10-l34","source":"quae superi manesque dabant: cur nunc tua quisquam","translation":"that the gods above and the dead were giving them, why can anyone now","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"superi","lemma":"superus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"gods above"},{"surface":"manesque","lemma":"manes","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"dabant","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"were giving"},{"surface":"cur","lemma":"cur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"quisquam","lemma":"quisquam","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b10-l35","source":"vertere iussa potest aut cur nova condere fata?","translation":"overturn your orders, or lay down new fates?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vertere","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to overturn"},{"surface":"iussa","lemma":"iussum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"orders"},{"surface":"potest","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"cur","lemma":"cur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"nova","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"condere","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to lay down"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fates"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b10-l36","source":"Quid repetem exustas Erycino in litore classes,","translation":"Why go back over the fleet burned on the shore of Eryx,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"repetem","lemma":"repeto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"go back over"},{"surface":"exustas","lemma":"exuro","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"Erycino","lemma":"erycinus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Eryx"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"litore","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"classes","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleets"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b10-l37","source":"quid tempestatum regem ventosque furentis","translation":"why the king of storms and the raging winds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"tempestatum","lemma":"tempestas","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"storms"},{"surface":"regem","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"ventosque","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"furentis","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b10-l38","source":"Aeolia excitos aut actam nubibus Irim?","translation":"roused out of Aeolia, or Iris driven down through the clouds?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeolia","lemma":"aeolius","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"out of Aeolia"},{"surface":"excitos","lemma":"excieo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been roused"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"actam","lemma":"ago","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"nubibus","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"through the clouds"},{"surface":"Irim","lemma":"iris","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b10-l39","source":"Nunc etiam manis, haec intemptata manebat","translation":"Now she stirs the dead as well (this lot of the world","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"manis","lemma":"manes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"intemptata","lemma":"tempto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"untried"},{"surface":"manebat","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b10-l40","source":"sors rerum, movet et superis immissa repente","translation":"stood untried) and Allecto, flung suddenly up among those above,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sors","lemma":"sors","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"lot"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the world"},{"surface":"movet","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirs"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"superis","lemma":"superus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"those above"},{"surface":"immissa","lemma":"immitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"repente","lemma":"repente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"suddenly"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b10-l41","source":"Allecto, medias Italum bacchata per urbes.","translation":"has run raving through the middle of Italy's cities.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allecto","lemma":"allecto","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Allecto"},{"surface":"medias","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"Italum","lemma":"italus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Italy's"},{"surface":"bacchata","lemma":"bacchor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raving"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"urbes","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"cities"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b10-l42","source":"Nil super imperio moveor: speravimus ista,","translation":"About empire I am not moved at all: that we hoped for","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nil","lemma":"nihil","morphology":"noun, indeclinable","role":"adverbial","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"imperio","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"empire"},{"surface":"moveor","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"am moved"},{"surface":"speravimus","lemma":"spero","morphology":"verb, 1st plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"ista","lemma":"iste","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b10-l43","source":"dum fortuna fuit; vincant quos vincere mavis.","translation":"while fortune held; let those win whom you would rather have win.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"vincant","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"conquer"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"vincere","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to win"},{"surface":"mavis","lemma":"malo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"prefer"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b10-l44","source":"Si nulla est regio, Teucris quam det tua coniunx","translation":"If there is no country your hard wife will grant","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"nulla","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"regio","lemma":"regio","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"Teucris","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the Teucrians"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"would give"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"coniunx","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b10-l45","source":"dura, per eversae, genitor, fumantia Troiae","translation":"the Teucrians, by the smoking ruin, father, of overturned","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dura","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"eversae","lemma":"euerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"overturned"},{"surface":"genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"fumantia","lemma":"fumo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"smoking"},{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Troy"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b10-l46","source":"exscidia obtestor, liceat dimittere ab armis","translation":"Troy I beg you: let it be allowed to send Ascanius away","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exscidia","lemma":"excidium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"military destruction"},{"surface":"obtestor","lemma":"obtestor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"I beg"},{"surface":"liceat","lemma":"licet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"allows"},{"surface":"dimittere","lemma":"dimitto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to send away"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fighting"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b10-l47","source":"incolumem Ascanium, liceat superesse nepotem.","translation":"safe out of the fighting, let a grandson be left alive.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incolumem","lemma":"incolumis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"Ascanium","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"liceat","lemma":"licet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"allows"},{"surface":"superesse","lemma":"supersum","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to survive"},{"surface":"nepotem","lemma":"nepos","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"grandson"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b10-l48","source":"Aeneas sane ignotis iactetur in undis","translation":"Let Aeneas by all means be tossed on waters he does not know","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"sane","lemma":"sane","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by all means"},{"surface":"ignotis","lemma":"ignotus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unknown"},{"surface":"iactetur","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive passive","role":"command","gloss":"is thrown"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"waters"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b10-l49","source":"et, quamcumque viam dederit Fortuna, sequatur:","translation":"and follow whatever road Fortune gives him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quamcumque","lemma":"quicumque","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"dederit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will have given"},{"surface":"Fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"sequatur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive deponent","role":"command","gloss":"follows"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b10-l50","source":"hunc tegere et dirae valeam subducere pugnae.","translation":"let me be strong enough to cover this one and draw him out of the terrible battle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tegere","lemma":"tego","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to cover"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dirae","lemma":"dirus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"valeam","lemma":"ualeo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"be strong"},{"surface":"subducere","lemma":"subduco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to draw out"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b10-l51","source":"Est Amathus, est celsa mihi Paphus atque Cythera","translation":"I have Amathus, I have high Paphos and Cythera","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Amathus","lemma":"amathus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Amathus"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"celsa","lemma":"celsus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Paphus","lemma":"paphus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Paphos"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Cythera","lemma":"cythera","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"Cythera"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b10-l52","source":"Idaliaeque domus: positis inglorius armis","translation":"and the house of Idalium: let him lay down his arms and live out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Idaliaeque","lemma":"idalius","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Idalium","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"positis","lemma":"pono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"laid down"},{"surface":"inglorius","lemma":"inglorius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"without glory"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"arms"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b10-l53","source":"exigat hic aevum. Magna dicione iubeto","translation":"his age here, without glory. Give the order that Carthage","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exigat","lemma":"exigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"drives out"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"aevum","lemma":"aeuum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"his age"},{"surface":"Magna","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"dicione","lemma":"dicio","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with dominion"},{"surface":"iubeto","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"give the order"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b10-l54","source":"Karthago premat Ausoniam: nihil urbibus inde","translation":"crush Ausonia under a great dominion: nothing from that side","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Karthago","lemma":"carthago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Carthago"},{"surface":"premat","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"crush"},{"surface":"Ausoniam","lemma":"ausonia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Ausonia"},{"surface":"nihil","lemma":"nihil","morphology":"noun, indeclinable","role":"subject","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"urbibus","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"in the way of the cities"},{"surface":"inde","lemma":"inde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from that side"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b10-l55","source":"obstabit Tyriis. Quid pestem evadere belli","translation":"will stand in the Tyrian cities' way. What good was it to escape","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obstabit","lemma":"obsto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will stand in the way"},{"surface":"Tyriis","lemma":"tyrii","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Tyrians"},{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"what good"},{"surface":"pestem","lemma":"pestis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"plague"},{"surface":"evadere","lemma":"euado","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to escape"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b10-l56","source":"iuvit et Argolicos medium fugisse per ignes","translation":"the plague of war and to have fled through the middle of Argive fires,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iuvit","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"helped"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Argolicos","lemma":"argolicus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Argive"},{"surface":"medium","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"through the middle"},{"surface":"fugisse","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to have fled"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ignes","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fires"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b10-l57","source":"totque maris vastaeque exhausta pericula terrae,","translation":"and to have drained so many dangers of the sea and of the waste land,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"totque","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"maris","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"vastaeque","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the waste"},{"surface":"exhausta","lemma":"exhaurio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"drained"},{"surface":"pericula","lemma":"periculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"dangers"},{"surface":"terrae","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b10-l58","source":"dum Latium Teucri recidivaque Pergama quaerunt?","translation":"while the Teucrians look for Latium and a Pergamum built up again?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"Latium","lemma":"latium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"Latium"},{"surface":"Teucri","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"recidivaque","lemma":"recidiuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"built up again"},{"surface":"Pergama","lemma":"pergama","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"Pergamum"},{"surface":"quaerunt","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"look for"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b10-l59","source":"Non satius cineres patriae insedisse supremos","translation":"Would it not have been better to settle on their country's last ashes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"satius","lemma":"satius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"cineres","lemma":"cinis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"ashes"},{"surface":"patriae","lemma":"patria","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of their country"},{"surface":"insedisse","lemma":"insido","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to settle"},{"surface":"supremos","lemma":"supremus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"last"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b10-l60","source":"atque solum, quo Troia fuit? Xanthum et Simoenta","translation":"on the ground where Troy was? Give Xanthus and Simois","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"solum","lemma":"solum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"Troia","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Xanthum","lemma":"xanthus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Xanthus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Simoenta","lemma":"simois","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Simois"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b10-l61","source":"redde, oro, miseris iterumque revolvere casus","translation":"back, I beg, to these wretched men, and grant that the Teucrians","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"redde","lemma":"reddo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"miseris","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"iterumque","lemma":"iterum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"revolvere","lemma":"reuoluo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to relive"},{"surface":"casus","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the fall"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b10-l62","source":"da, pater, Iliacos Teucris.”","translation":"live through the fall of Ilium once more, father.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"da","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Iliacos","lemma":"iliacus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Ilium"},{"surface":"Teucris","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the Teucrians"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62b","id":"b10-l62b","source":"Tum regia Iuno","translation":"Then queenly Juno,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l62b.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"regia","lemma":"regius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"queenly"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b10-l63","source":"acta furore gravi: “Quid me alta silentia cogis","translation":"driven by a heavy fury: “Why do you force me to break","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l63.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"obductum ... dolorem","title":"A grief drawn over","body":"Obductus describes what a scar or a cloud does, drawn across something that remains underneath. Juno uses obductum dolorem, 'a grief drawn over', to claim she has kept silent, though the poem's opening called her anger memor, 'unforgetting'."}],"words":[{"surface":"acta","lemma":"ago","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been driven"},{"surface":"furore","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"gravi","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"silentia","lemma":"silentium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"cogis","lemma":"cogo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"force"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b10-l64","source":"rumpere et obductum verbis volgare dolorem?","translation":"a deep silence and put out in words a grief drawn over and hidden?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"rumpere","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to break"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"obductum","lemma":"obduco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawn over"},{"surface":"verbis","lemma":"uerbum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"volgare","lemma":"uulgo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to put out"},{"surface":"dolorem","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b10-l65","source":"Aenean hominum quisquam divomque subegit","translation":"Did any man or any god push Aeneas","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"hominum","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"quisquam","lemma":"quisquam","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"divomque","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"subegit","lemma":"subigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pushed"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b10-l66","source":"bella sequi aut hostem regi se inferre Latino?","translation":"into going after war, or forcing himself as an enemy on king Latinus?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"sequi","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go after"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"hostem","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"regi","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"inferre","lemma":"infero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to force"},{"surface":"Latino","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Latinus"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b10-l67","source":"Italiam petiit fatis auctoribus, esto,","translation":"He made for Italy with the fates behind him, granted,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"petiit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"made for"},{"surface":"fatis","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the fates"},{"surface":"auctoribus","lemma":"auctor","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as sponsors"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"granted"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b10-l68","source":"Cassandrae inpulsus furiis: num linquere castra","translation":"driven by Cassandra's ravings: did we urge him to leave his camp","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cassandrae","lemma":"cassandra","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Cassandra"},{"surface":"inpulsus","lemma":"impello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"furiis","lemma":"furia","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by ravings"},{"surface":"num","lemma":"num","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"surely not"},{"surface":"linquere","lemma":"linquo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to leave"},{"surface":"castra","lemma":"castrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"camps"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b10-l69","source":"hortati sumus aut vitam committere ventis?","translation":"or to commit his life to the winds?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hortati","lemma":"hortor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having urged"},{"surface":"sumus","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"vitam","lemma":"uita","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"committere","lemma":"committo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to commit"},{"surface":"ventis","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the winds"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b10-l70","source":"Num puero summam belli, num credere muros","translation":"To trust the sum of the war to a boy, to trust the walls","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Num","lemma":"num","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"surely not"},{"surface":"puero","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to a boy"},{"surface":"summam","lemma":"summa","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sum"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"num","lemma":"num","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"surely not"},{"surface":"credere","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to trust"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"walls"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b10-l71","source":"Tyrrhenamque fidem, aut gentis agitare quietas?","translation":"and Tyrrhenian good faith, or to work up peoples that were quiet?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tyrrhenamque","lemma":"tyrrhenus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrrhenian"},{"surface":"fidem","lemma":"fides","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"gentis","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"peoples"},{"surface":"agitare","lemma":"agito","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to work up"},{"surface":"quietas","lemma":"quietus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quiet"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b10-l72","source":"Quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra","translation":"What god drove him into the trap, what harsh power of mine","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"deus","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fraudem","lemma":"fraus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the trap"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"dura","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"potentia","lemma":"potentia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"nostra","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b10-l73","source":"egit? Ubi hic Iuno demissave nubibus Iris?","translation":"did it? Where is Juno in this, or Iris sent down out of the clouds?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"egit","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did it drive"},{"surface":"Ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in this"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"demissave","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sent down"},{"surface":"nubibus","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"out of the clouds"},{"surface":"Iris","lemma":"iris","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Iris"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b10-l74","source":"Indignum est Italos Troiam circumdare flammis","translation":"It is an outrage that Italians should ring a Troy being born","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Indignum","lemma":"indignus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"an outrage"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Italos","lemma":"italus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Italian"},{"surface":"Troiam","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"circumdare","lemma":"circumdo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to surround"},{"surface":"flammis","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"flames"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b10-l75","source":"nascentem et patria Turnum consistere terra,","translation":"with flames, and that Turnus should stand fast on his native ground,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nascentem","lemma":"nascor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"being born"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"patria","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"consistere","lemma":"consisto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to stand fast"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b10-l76","source":"cui Pilumnus avus, cui diva Venilia mater:","translation":"he whose grandfather is Pilumnus, whose mother the goddess Venilia:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"Pilumnus","lemma":"pilumnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pilumnus"},{"surface":"avus","lemma":"auus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"grandfather"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"diva","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"Venilia","lemma":"uenilia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venilia"},{"surface":"mater","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b10-l77","source":"quid face Troianos atra vim ferre Latinis,","translation":"and what of Trojans carrying violence to the Latins with a black torch,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"what of"},{"surface":"face","lemma":"fax","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a torch"},{"surface":"Troianos","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"atra","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"vim","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"violence"},{"surface":"ferre","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to carry"},{"surface":"Latinis","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the Latins"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b10-l78","source":"arva aliena iugo premere atque avertere praedas?","translation":"pressing other men's fields under the yoke and driving off plunder?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arva","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"aliena","lemma":"alienus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"other men's"},{"surface":"iugo","lemma":"iugum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"premere","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to press"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"avertere","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to drive off"},{"surface":"praedas","lemma":"praeda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"plunder"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b10-l79","source":"Quid soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas,","translation":"What of picking out their fathers-in-law and taking betrothed girls from the lap,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"what of"},{"surface":"soceros","lemma":"socer","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fathers-in-law"},{"surface":"legere","lemma":"lego","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to pick out"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gremiis","lemma":"gremium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the lap"},{"surface":"abducere","lemma":"abduco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to lead away"},{"surface":"pactas","lemma":"paciscor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"betrothed girls"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b10-l80","source":"pacem orare manu, praefigere puppibus arma?","translation":"asking for peace with the hand and fastening weapons on the sterns?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pacem","lemma":"pax","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"orare","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to ask for"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"praefigere","lemma":"praefigo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to fasten"},{"surface":"puppibus","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on the sterns"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b10-l81","source":"Tu potes Aenean manibus subducere Graium","translation":"You have the power to steal Aeneas out of Greek hands","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"potes","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have power"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"manibus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"subducere","lemma":"subduco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to steal away"},{"surface":"Graium","lemma":"graius","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Greek"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b10-l82","source":"proque viro nebulam et ventos obtendere inanis,","translation":"and to spread mist and hollow winds in the man's place,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"proque","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in place of"},{"surface":"viro","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"nebulam","lemma":"nebula","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"mist"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ventos","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"obtendere","lemma":"obtendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to spread"},{"surface":"inanis","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hollow"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b10-l83","source":"tu potes in totidem classem convertere nymphas:","translation":"you have the power to turn a fleet into that many nymphs:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"potes","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have power"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"totidem","lemma":"totidem","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"just as many"},{"surface":"classem","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"convertere","lemma":"conuerto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to turn around"},{"surface":"nymphas","lemma":"nympha","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"nymphs"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b10-l84","source":"nos aliquid Rutulos contra iuvisse nefandum est?","translation":"is it unspeakable that we should have helped the Rutulians at all?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nos","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"aliquid","lemma":"aliquis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"Rutulos","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in return"},{"surface":"iuvisse","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to help"},{"surface":"nefandum","lemma":"nefandus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"unspeakable"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b10-l85","source":"Aeneas ignarus abest: ignarus et absit.","translation":"‘Aeneas is away and knows nothing’: let him stay away and know nothing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l85.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Aeneas ignarus abest","title":"Quoted back word for word","body":"Juno repeats Venus' own words from line 25, ignarus abest, 'he is away, knowing nothing', then changes only the mood: et absit, a subjunctive, 'let him stay away'. Repeating an opponent's words with one change was a standard rhetorical move."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"ignarus","lemma":"ignarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"knowing nothing"},{"surface":"abest","lemma":"absum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is away"},{"surface":"ignarus","lemma":"ignarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"knowing nothing"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"absit","lemma":"absum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"is absent"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b10-l86","source":"Est Paphus Idaliumque tibi, sunt alta Cythera:","translation":"You have Paphos and Idalium, you have high Cythera:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Paphus","lemma":"paphus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Paphos"},{"surface":"Idaliumque","lemma":"idalium","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"Idalium","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"Cythera","lemma":"cythera","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"Cythera"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b10-l87","source":"quid gravidam bellis urbem et corda aspera temptas?","translation":"why try a city big with wars, and hearts that are hard?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"gravidam","lemma":"grauidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"big with"},{"surface":"bellis","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"corda","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"aspera","lemma":"asper","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"temptas","lemma":"tempto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you try"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b10-l88","source":"Nosne tibi fluxas Phrygiae res vertere fundo","translation":"Is it we who are trying to turn the crumbling Phrygian state","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nosne","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural","role":"subject","gloss":"we","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"fluxas","lemma":"fluxus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"crumbling"},{"surface":"Phrygiae","lemma":"phrygius","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Phrygian"},{"surface":"res","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"state"},{"surface":"vertere","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to turn"},{"surface":"fundo","lemma":"fundus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the bottom"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b10-l89","source":"conamur, nos, an miseros qui Troas Achivis","translation":"up from the bottom, we? or the one who threw the wretched Trojans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conamur","lemma":"conor","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"try"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"miseros","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the one who"},{"surface":"Troas","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"Achivis","lemma":"achiuus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the Achaeans"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b10-l90","source":"obiecit? Quae causa fuit, consurgere in arma","translation":"under the Achaeans? What was the cause that Europe and Asia rose","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obiecit","lemma":"obicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"threw before"},{"surface":"Quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"causa","lemma":"causa","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"cause"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"consurgere","lemma":"consurgo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to rise"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"arms"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b10-l91","source":"Europamque Asiamque et foedera solvere furto?","translation":"into arms, and that the treaties were undone by a theft?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Europamque","lemma":"europa","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Europe"},{"surface":"Asiamque","lemma":"asia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Asia","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"treaties"},{"surface":"solvere","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be undone"},{"surface":"furto","lemma":"furtum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"theft"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b10-l92","source":"Me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnavit adulter,","translation":"Was it under my leadership that the Dardan adulterer stormed Sparta,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by me"},{"surface":"duce","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as leader"},{"surface":"Dardanius","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardan"},{"surface":"Spartam","lemma":"sparta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Sparta"},{"surface":"expugnavit","lemma":"expugno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stormed"},{"surface":"adulter","lemma":"adulter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"adulterer"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b10-l93","source":"aut ego tela dedi fovive cupidine bella?","translation":"or did I supply the weapons, or feed a war with lust?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"dedi","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did I supply"},{"surface":"fovive","lemma":"foueo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did I feed","note":"-ve attached: \"or.\""},{"surface":"cupidine","lemma":"cupido","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with lust"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b10-l94","source":"Tum decuit metuisse tuis: nunc sera querelis","translation":"That was the time to have feared for your people: now you rise too late","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"decuit","lemma":"decet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was fitting"},{"surface":"metuisse","lemma":"metuo","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to fear"},{"surface":"tuis","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for your people"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"sera","lemma":"serus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"too late"},{"surface":"querelis","lemma":"querela","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"complaints"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b10-l95","source":"haud iustis adsurgis et inrita iurgia iactas.”","translation":"with complaints that are not just, and throw about quarrels that come to nothing.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"iustis","lemma":"iustus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"adsurgis","lemma":"assurgo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inrita","lemma":"irritus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"that come to nothing"},{"surface":"iurgia","lemma":"iurgium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"quarrels"},{"surface":"iactas","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throw"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b10-l96","source":"Talibus orabat Iuno, cunctique fremebant","translation":"With such words Juno was pleading, and all the dwellers in heaven","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"orabat","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was pleading"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"cunctique","lemma":"cunctus","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fremebant","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were murmuring"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b10-l97","source":"caelicolae adsensu vario, ceu flamina prima","translation":"were murmuring with divided assent, as the first gusts","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l97.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ceu flamina prima","title":"A simile using ceu","body":"Ceu, 'as, just as', introduces this simile. The gods' mixed murmuring, adsensu vario, is compared to flamina prima, 'the first gusts', caught rustling in a wood before a storm, the kind of sign sailors read as warning."}],"words":[{"surface":"caelicolae","lemma":"caelicola","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"dwellers in heaven"},{"surface":"adsensu","lemma":"assensus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with assent"},{"surface":"vario","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"divided"},{"surface":"ceu","lemma":"ceu","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"flamina","lemma":"flamen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"gusts"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b10-l98","source":"cum deprensa fremunt silvis et caeca volutant","translation":"murmur when they are caught in the woods and roll their blind","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"deprensa","lemma":"deprendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"fremunt","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"murmur"},{"surface":"silvis","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"forests"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"caeca","lemma":"caecus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"blind"},{"surface":"volutant","lemma":"uoluto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"roll"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b10-l99","source":"murmura, venturos nautis prodentia ventos.","translation":"rumblings, betraying to sailors the winds that are coming.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"murmura","lemma":"murmur","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"rumblings"},{"surface":"venturos","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, future active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"nautis","lemma":"nauta","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to sailors"},{"surface":"prodentia","lemma":"prodo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"betraying"},{"surface":"ventos","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b10-l100","source":"Tum pater omnipotens, rerum cui prima potestas,","translation":"Then the all-powerful father, in whom the first power over things is held,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"omnipotens","lemma":"omnipotens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all-powerful"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"potestas","lemma":"potestas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"power"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b10-l101","source":"infit; eo dicente deum domus alta silescit","translation":"begins; as he speaks the high house of the gods falls silent","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"infit","lemma":"infio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"begins to speak"},{"surface":"eo","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"dicente","lemma":"dico","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"deum","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"silescit","lemma":"silesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"falls silent"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b10-l102","source":"et tremefacta solo tellus, silet arduus aether,","translation":"and the earth is shaken to its floor, the steep upper air is still,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tremefacta","lemma":"tremefacio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"shaken"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"tellus","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"silet","lemma":"sileo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is still"},{"surface":"arduus","lemma":"arduus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"aether","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"upper air"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b10-l103","source":"tum Zephyri posuere, premit placida aequora pontus:","translation":"then the west winds lay themselves down, the sea presses its waters flat:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Zephyri","lemma":"zephyrus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"West Winds"},{"surface":"posuere","lemma":"pono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay themselves down"},{"surface":"premit","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses"},{"surface":"placida","lemma":"placidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"flat"},{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"waters"},{"surface":"pontus","lemma":"pontus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b10-l104","source":"“Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta.","translation":"“Take these words of mine into your minds, then, and fix them there.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Accipite","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"receive"},{"surface":"ergo","lemma":"ergo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"animis","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"minds"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"figite","lemma":"figo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"fix"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b10-l105","source":"Quandoquidem Ausonios coniungi foedere Teucris","translation":"Since it has not been allowed that Ausonians be joined by treaty","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quandoquidem","lemma":"quandoquidem","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"Ausonios","lemma":"ausonius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ausonian"},{"surface":"coniungi","lemma":"coniungo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be joined"},{"surface":"foedere","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by treaty"},{"surface":"Teucris","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the Teucrians"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b10-l106","source":"haud licitum, nec vestra capit discordia finem:","translation":"to the Teucrians, and your quarrel takes no end:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"licitum","lemma":"licet","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"vestra","lemma":"uester","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"capit","lemma":"capio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"discordia","lemma":"discordia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"finem","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"end"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b10-l107","source":"quae cuique est fortuna hodie, quam quisque secat spem,","translation":"whatever fortune each man has today, whatever hope each cuts his way toward,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l107.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"quam quisque secat spem","title":"Cutting a hope","body":"Secare means 'to cut a path' or 'to cleave through water'. Quam quisque secat spem, 'whatever hope each man cuts', describes hope as a course taken, the way a ship's keel cuts through the sea."}],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"cuique","lemma":"quisque","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"hodie","lemma":"hodie","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"quisque","lemma":"quisque","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"secat","lemma":"seco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"cuts"},{"surface":"spem","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hope"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b10-l108","source":"Tros Rutulusne fuat nullo discrimine habebo.","translation":"Trojan or Rutulian, I shall keep no difference between them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l108.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fuat","title":"An archaic legal subjunctive","body":"Fuat is an archaic present subjunctive of sum, 'to be', a form kept alive in Roman law and ritual formulas. Jupiter uses it here, tros rutulusne fuat, 'whether he be Trojan or Rutulian', giving his ruling in that same formal, legal wording."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tros","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"Rutulusne","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"Rutulian","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"fuat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nullo","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"discrimine","lemma":"discrimen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"difference"},{"surface":"habebo","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall keep"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b10-l109","source":"Seu fatis Italum castra obsidione tenentur","translation":"Whether it is by the fates of the Italians that the camp is under siege,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Seu","lemma":"seu","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"fatis","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"Italum","lemma":"italus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Italian"},{"surface":"castra","lemma":"castrum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"obsidione","lemma":"obsidio","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"siege"},{"surface":"tenentur","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"are held"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b10-l110","source":"sive errore malo Troiae monitisque sinistris.","translation":"or by Troy's bad blunder and by warnings taken the wrong way.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sive","lemma":"siue","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or whether"},{"surface":"errore","lemma":"error","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blunder"},{"surface":"malo","lemma":"malus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Troy's"},{"surface":"monitisque","lemma":"monitum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"warnings"},{"surface":"sinistris","lemma":"sinister","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"taken the wrong way"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b10-l111","source":"Nec Rutulos solvo: sua cuique exorsa laborem","translation":"Nor do I let the Rutulians off: what each has begun will bring him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l111.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sua cuique exorsa laborem fortunamque ferent","title":"What each begins will bring him","body":"Exorsa names what has been started, from the verb for laying the first threads on a loom. Sua cuique exorsa laborem fortunamque ferent, 'what each has begun will bring him labor and fortune', likens a course of action to a weaving that determines its own outcome."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"Rutulos","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"solvo","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"let off"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"cuique","lemma":"quisque","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"exorsa","lemma":"exordior","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"what has begun"},{"surface":"laborem","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"labor"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b10-l112","source":"fortunamque ferent. Rex Iuppiter omnibus idem.","translation":"his labor and his fortune. King Jupiter is the same to all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fortunamque","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"ferent","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will bring"},{"surface":"Rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"omnibus","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"idem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"the same"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b10-l113","source":"Fata viam invenient.” Stygii per flumina fratris,","translation":"The fates will find their way.” By the rivers of his Stygian brother,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"invenient","lemma":"inuenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will find"},{"surface":"Stygii","lemma":"stygius","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Stygian"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"flumina","lemma":"flumen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"rivers"},{"surface":"fratris","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"brother"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b10-l114","source":"per pice torrentis atraque voragine ripas","translation":"by the banks that boil with pitch and by the black chasm,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"pice","lemma":"pix","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with pitch"},{"surface":"torrentis","lemma":"torreo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"boiling"},{"surface":"atraque","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"voragine","lemma":"uorago","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a chasm"},{"surface":"ripas","lemma":"ripa","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"banks"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b10-l115","source":"adnuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum.","translation":"he nodded, and with the nod made the whole of Olympus tremble.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adnuit","lemma":"annuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"nodded"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"totum","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"nutu","lemma":"nutus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"nod"},{"surface":"tremefecit","lemma":"tremefacio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"caused to tremble"},{"surface":"Olympum","lemma":"olympus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b10-l116","source":"Hic finis fandi. Solio tum Iuppiter aureo","translation":"This was the end of speaking. Then Jupiter rises from his golden","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"finis","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"fandi","lemma":"for","morphology":"gerund, genitive","role":"possessive","gloss":"of speaking"},{"surface":"Solio","lemma":"solium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from his throne"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"aureo","lemma":"aureus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"golden"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b10-l117","source":"surgit, caelicolae medium quem ad limina ducunt.","translation":"throne, and the dwellers in heaven lead him, in their midst, to the doorway.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"surgit","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"caelicolae","lemma":"caelicola","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"dwellers in heaven"},{"surface":"medium","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"in their midst"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"limina","lemma":"limen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"doorway"},{"surface":"ducunt","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"lead"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b10-l118","source":"Interea Rutuli portis circum omnibus instant","translation":"Meanwhile the Rutulians press at every gate around,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"Rutuli","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"portis","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"at the gates"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"omnibus","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"instant","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"press on"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b10-l119","source":"sternere caede viros et moenia cingere flammis.","translation":"to lay men low in slaughter and to ring the walls with fire.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sternere","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to lay low"},{"surface":"caede","lemma":"caedes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"viros","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"cingere","lemma":"cingo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to ring"},{"surface":"flammis","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with fire"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b10-l120","source":"At legio Aeneadum vallis obsessa tenetur,","translation":"But the levy of Aeneas' people is held penned inside its stockade,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"legio","lemma":"legio","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"levy"},{"surface":"Aeneadum","lemma":"aeneades","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Aeneas' people"},{"surface":"vallis","lemma":"uallum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"place","gloss":"stockade"},{"surface":"obsessa","lemma":"obsideo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been blockaded"},{"surface":"tenetur","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is held"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b10-l121","source":"nec spes ulla fugae. Miseri stant turribus altis","translation":"and there is no hope of getting out. Wretched, they stand on the high towers","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and no"},{"surface":"spes","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"ulla","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"fugae","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of escape"},{"surface":"Miseri","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"stant","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"turribus","lemma":"turris","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"towers"},{"surface":"altis","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b10-l122","source":"nequiquam et rara muros cinxere corona","translation":"for nothing, and have ringed the walls with a thin crown of men:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l122.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"rara ... corona","title":"A thin crown of men","body":"Corona is the technical term for the ring of defenders stationed along a wall. Rara, 'thinly spaced', describes that ring here: cinxere corona, 'they have ringed it with a crown of men', but not enough men to close the gaps."}],"words":[{"surface":"nequiquam","lemma":"nequiquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for nothing"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rara","lemma":"rarus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"cinxere","lemma":"cingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have ringed"},{"surface":"corona","lemma":"corona","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"crown"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b10-l123","source":"Asius Imbrasides Hicetaoniusque Thymoetes","translation":"Asius son of Imbrasus, and Thymoetes son of Hicetaon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Asius","lemma":"asius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Asius"},{"surface":"Imbrasides","lemma":"imbrasides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"son of Imbrasus"},{"surface":"Hicetaoniusque","lemma":"hicetaonius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"son of Hicetaon","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Thymoetes","lemma":"thymoetes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Thymoetes"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b10-l124","source":"Assaracique duo et senior cum Castore Thymbris,","translation":"and the two Assaraci, and old Thymbris with Castor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Assaracique","lemma":"assaracus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Assaraci"},{"surface":"duo","lemma":"duo","morphology":"numeral, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"senior","lemma":"senior","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Castore","lemma":"castor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Castor"},{"surface":"Thymbris","lemma":"thymbris","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Thymbris"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b10-l125","source":"prima acies; hos germani Sarpedonis ambo","translation":"the front rank; and with them go both the brothers of Sarpedon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"front"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"rank"},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"germani","lemma":"germanus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"Sarpedonis","lemma":"sarpedon","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"ambo","lemma":"ambo","morphology":"numeral, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b10-l126","source":"et Clarus et Thaemon Lycia comitantur ab alta.","translation":"Clarus and Thaemon, out of high Lycia.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Clarus","lemma":"clarus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Clarus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Thaemon","lemma":"thaemon","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Thaemon"},{"surface":"Lycia","lemma":"lycia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Lycia"},{"surface":"comitantur","lemma":"comitor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"accompany"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b10-l127","source":"Fert ingens toto conixus corpore saxum,","translation":"Straining with his whole body, Acmon of Lyrnesus carries a huge","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fert","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"toto","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"conixus","lemma":"conitor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having strained"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"saxum","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stone"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b10-l128","source":"haud partem exiguam montis, Lyrnesius Acmon,","translation":"stone, no small piece of a mountain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"partem","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"exiguam","lemma":"exiguus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"montis","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"Lyrnesius","lemma":"lyrnesius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Lyrnesian"},{"surface":"Acmon","lemma":"acmon","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Acmon"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b10-l129","source":"nec Clytio genitore minor nec fratre Menestheo.","translation":"no less a man than his father Clytius, nor than his brother Menestheus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"Clytio","lemma":"clytius","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"than Clytius"},{"surface":"genitore","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"his father"},{"surface":"minor","lemma":"minor","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"fratre","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"Menestheo","lemma":"menestheus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Menestheus"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b10-l130","source":"Hi iaculis, illi certant defendere saxis","translation":"These fight to hold the wall with javelins, those with rocks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hi","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"iaculis","lemma":"iaculum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"javelins"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"certant","lemma":"certo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strive"},{"surface":"defendere","lemma":"defendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"saxis","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rocks"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b10-l131","source":"molirique ignem nervoque aptare sagittas.","translation":"and to get fire going, and to fit arrows to the string.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"molirique","lemma":"molior","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to get going","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ignem","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"nervoque","lemma":"neruus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the string","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"aptare","lemma":"apto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to fit"},{"surface":"sagittas","lemma":"sagitta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b10-l132","source":"Ipse inter medios, Veneris iustissima cura,","translation":"And there in the middle of them, Venus' most rightful care,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"medios","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"Veneris","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"iustissima","lemma":"iustus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"most rightful"},{"surface":"cura","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"care"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b10-l133","source":"Dardanius caput ecce puer detectus honestum,","translation":"look, the Dardan boy, his handsome head bare,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardanius","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardan"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ecce","lemma":"ecce","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"puer","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"detectus","lemma":"detego","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"honestum","lemma":"honestus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"handsome"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b10-l134","source":"qualis gemma micat, fulvum quae dividit aurum,","translation":"shining as a gem shines that parts the tawny gold,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qualis","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"gemma","lemma":"gemma","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"gem"},{"surface":"micat","lemma":"mico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shines"},{"surface":"fulvum","lemma":"fuluus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"tawny"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"dividit","lemma":"diuido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"parts"},{"surface":"aurum","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b10-l135","source":"aut collo decus aut capiti; vel quale per artem","translation":"an ornament for the neck or the head; or as ivory shines","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"collo","lemma":"collum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"decus","lemma":"decus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"ornament"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"capiti","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"uel","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quale","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"artem","lemma":"ars","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"art"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b10-l136","source":"inclusum buxo aut Oricia terebintho","translation":"set by art into boxwood or Orician terebinth;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inclusum","lemma":"includo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"buxo","lemma":"buxus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"boxwood"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Oricia","lemma":"oricius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Orician"},{"surface":"terebintho","lemma":"terebinthus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"terebinth"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b10-l137","source":"lucet ebur; fusos cervix cui lactea crinis","translation":"his milk-white neck takes the hair let loose over it","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"lucet","lemma":"luceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shines"},{"surface":"ebur","lemma":"ebur","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"ivory"},{"surface":"fusos","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"let loose"},{"surface":"cervix","lemma":"ceruix","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"lactea","lemma":"lacteus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"milk-white"},{"surface":"crinis","lemma":"crinis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hairs"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b10-l138","source":"accipit et molli subnectens circulus auro.","translation":"and a circlet binds it under with soft gold.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"accipit","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"molli","lemma":"mollis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"subnectens","lemma":"subnecto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"binding under"},{"surface":"circulus","lemma":"circulus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"circlet"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with gold"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b10-l139","source":"Te quoque magnanimae viderunt, Ismare, gentes","translation":"You too, Ismarus, the great-hearted nations saw,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l139.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Te quoque ... Ismare","title":"Turning to address the dead","body":"Te quoque, Ismare, 'you too, Ismarus', breaks from the third-person list of names into direct address, the figure called apostrophe. Vergil uses this same turn later in the book for Cydon, Lausus and Pallas."}],"words":[{"surface":"Te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"quoque","lemma":"quoque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"magnanimae","lemma":"magnanimus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"viderunt","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Ismare","lemma":"ismarus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Ismarus"},{"surface":"gentes","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"nations"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b10-l140","source":"volnera dirigere et calamos armare veneno,","translation":"aiming wounds and arming your reeds with poison,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"volnera","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wounds"},{"surface":"dirigere","lemma":"dirigo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to aim"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"calamos","lemma":"calamus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"reeds"},{"surface":"armare","lemma":"armo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"arming"},{"surface":"veneno","lemma":"uenenum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"poison"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b10-l141","source":"Maeonia generose domo, ubi pinguia culta","translation":"nobly born of a Maeonian house, where men work","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Maeonia","lemma":"maeonius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Maeonian"},{"surface":"generose","lemma":"generosus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"nobly born"},{"surface":"domo","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"pinguia","lemma":"pinguis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"culta","lemma":"colo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"tilled land"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b10-l142","source":"exercentque viri Pactolusque inrigat auro.","translation":"rich tilled land and Pactolus waters it with gold.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exercentque","lemma":"exerceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Pactolusque","lemma":"pactolus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pactolus"},{"surface":"inrigat","lemma":"irrigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"waters"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with gold"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b10-l143","source":"Adfuit et Mnestheus, quem pulsi pristina Turni","translation":"Mnestheus was there too, whom the glory of yesterday lifts high,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Adfuit","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was there"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Mnestheus","lemma":"mnestheus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mnestheus"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"pulsi","lemma":"pello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been driven off"},{"surface":"pristina","lemma":"pristinus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of yesterday"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b10-l144","source":"aggere moerorum sublimem gloria tollit,","translation":"for having driven Turnus off the rampart of the walls,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aggere","lemma":"agger","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"rampart"},{"surface":"moerorum","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the walls"},{"surface":"sublimem","lemma":"sublimis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"gloria","lemma":"gloria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"tollit","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"lifts"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b10-l145","source":"et Capys: hinc nomen Campanae ducitur urbi.","translation":"and Capys: from him the Campanian city takes its name.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Capys","lemma":"capys","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Capys"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"Campanae","lemma":"campanus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Campanian"},{"surface":"ducitur","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is derived"},{"surface":"urbi","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b10-l146","source":"Illi inter sese duri certamina belli","translation":"They had joined with one another in the trials of hard war:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"duri","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"certamina","lemma":"certamen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"trials"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b10-l147","source":"contulerant: media Aeneas freta nocte secabat.","translation":"Aeneas was cutting the strait at the middle of the night.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"contulerant","lemma":"confero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had joined"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"freta","lemma":"fretum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"strait"},{"surface":"nocte","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"secabat","lemma":"seco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was cutting"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b10-l148","source":"Namque ut ab Euandro castris ingressus Etruscis","translation":"For when he left Evander, entered the Etruscan camp,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Euandro","lemma":"euander","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Evander"},{"surface":"castris","lemma":"castrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"ingressus","lemma":"ingredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having entered"},{"surface":"Etruscis","lemma":"etruscus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Etruscan"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b10-l149","source":"regem adit et regi memorat nomenque genusque,","translation":"came to the king, and told the king his name and his line,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"regem","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"adit","lemma":"adeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"came to"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"regi","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"memorat","lemma":"memoro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"tells"},{"surface":"nomenque","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"genusque","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"line"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b10-l150","source":"quidve petat quidve ipse ferat, Mezentius arma","translation":"what he asks and what he brings himself; what arms Mezentius","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quidve","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"petat","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"asks"},{"surface":"quidve","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ferat","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"Mezentius","lemma":"mezentius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mezentius"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b10-l151","source":"quae sibi conciliet, violentaque pectora Turni","translation":"is drawing to his own side, and the violence in Turnus' heart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sibi","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"conciliet","lemma":"concilio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is drawing"},{"surface":"violentaque","lemma":"uiolentus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"violent","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b10-l152","source":"edocet, humanis quae sit fiducia rebus","translation":"all this he sets out; and he warns him how much trust","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"edocet","lemma":"edoceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sets out"},{"surface":"humanis","lemma":"humanus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"human"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"how much"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will bear"},{"surface":"fiducia","lemma":"fiducia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"trust"},{"surface":"rebus","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"in affairs"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b10-l153","source":"admonet immiscetque preces: haud fit mora, Tarchon","translation":"human affairs will bear, and mixes prayers in: there is no delay. Tarchon","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"admonet","lemma":"admoneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"warns"},{"surface":"immiscetque","lemma":"immisceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"mixes in"},{"surface":"preces","lemma":"prex","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"prayers"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fit","lemma":"fio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"mora","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"Tarchon","lemma":"tarchon","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Tarchon"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b10-l154","source":"iungit opes foedusque ferit; tum libera fati","translation":"joins forces and strikes the treaty; then, released from its fate,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iungit","lemma":"iungo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"joins"},{"surface":"opes","lemma":"ops","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"forces"},{"surface":"foedusque","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"treaty"},{"surface":"ferit","lemma":"ferio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"libera","lemma":"liber","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"released"},{"surface":"fati","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"fate"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b10-l155","source":"classem conscendit iussis gens Lydia divom,","translation":"the Lydian people boards the fleet by the gods' command,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"classem","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"conscendit","lemma":"conscendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"boards"},{"surface":"iussis","lemma":"iussum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by command"},{"surface":"gens","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"Lydia","lemma":"lydius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Lydian"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the gods"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b10-l156","source":"externo commissa duci. Aeneia puppis","translation":"put into a foreign leader's hand. The ship of Aeneas","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"externo","lemma":"externus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"foreign"},{"surface":"commissa","lemma":"committo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"duci","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"Aeneia","lemma":"aeneius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Aeneas"},{"surface":"puppis","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b10-l157","source":"prima tenet, rostro Phrygios subiuncta leones,","translation":"holds the front, Phrygian lions yoked under her beak,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"front"},{"surface":"tenet","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at her beak"},{"surface":"Phrygios","lemma":"phrygius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Phrygian"},{"surface":"subiuncta","lemma":"subiungo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"yoked"},{"surface":"leones","lemma":"leo","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"lions"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b10-l158","source":"imminet Ida super, profugis gratissima Teucris.","translation":"Ida standing over them, dearest of all sights to exiled Teucrians.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"imminet","lemma":"immineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands over"},{"surface":"Ida","lemma":"ida","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ida"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"profugis","lemma":"profugus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"exiled"},{"surface":"gratissima","lemma":"gratus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"Teucris","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the Teucrians"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b10-l159","source":"Hic magnus sedet Aeneas secumque volutat","translation":"There great Aeneas sits and turns over within himself","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"magnus","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"sedet","lemma":"sedeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sits"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"secumque","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with himself","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"volutat","lemma":"uoluto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turns over"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b10-l160","source":"eventus belli varios, Pallasque sinistro","translation":"the war's changing outcomes; and Pallas, fixed close","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"eventus","lemma":"euentus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"outcomes"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"varios","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"changing"},{"surface":"Pallasque","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"sinistro","lemma":"sinister","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"left"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b10-l161","source":"adfixus lateri iam quaerit sidera, opacae","translation":"at his left side, asks him now about the stars, the road","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adfixus","lemma":"affigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"lateri","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"at his side"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"quaerit","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"asks"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"opacae","lemma":"opacus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dark"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b10-l162","source":"noctis iter, iam quae passus terraque marique.","translation":"of the dark night, now what he has suffered by land and sea.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"noctis","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"iter","lemma":"iter","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"passus","lemma":"patior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"suffered"},{"surface":"terraque","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"marique","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b10-l163","source":"Pandite nunc Helicona, deae, cantusque movete,","translation":"Open Helicon now, goddesses, and set the singing going:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pandite","lemma":"pando","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"spread open"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Helicona","lemma":"helicon","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Helicon"},{"surface":"deae","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, vocative plural feminine","role":"address","gloss":"goddesses"},{"surface":"cantusque","lemma":"cantus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"singing","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"movete","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"set going"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b10-l164","source":"quae manus interea Tuscis comitetur ab oris","translation":"what force came meanwhile out of Tuscan shores to go with Aeneas,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"Tuscis","lemma":"tuscus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tuscan"},{"surface":"comitetur","lemma":"comitor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"went with"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"oris","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shores"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b10-l165","source":"Aenean armetque rates pelagoque vehatur.","translation":"and armed its ships, and rode the sea.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"armetque","lemma":"armo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"armed"},{"surface":"rates","lemma":"ratis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"pelagoque","lemma":"pelagus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"vehatur","lemma":"ueho","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was carried"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b10-l166","source":"Massicus aerata princeps secat aequora tigri:","translation":"Massicus first cuts the water in the bronze-plated Tiger:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Massicus","lemma":"massicus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Massicus"},{"surface":"aerata","lemma":"aeratus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bronze-plated"},{"surface":"princeps","lemma":"princeps","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"secat","lemma":"seco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cuts"},{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"tigri","lemma":"tigris","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Tiger"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b10-l167","source":"sub quo mille manus iuvenum, qui moenia Clusi","translation":"under him a thousand young men's hands, who left the walls of Clusium","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"mille","lemma":"mille","morphology":"numeral, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"a thousand"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"iuvenum","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"Clusi","lemma":"clusium","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Clusium"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b10-l168","source":"quique urbem liquere Cosas, quis tela sagittae","translation":"and left the town of Cosae, their weapons the arrow,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quique","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"liquere","lemma":"linquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"Cosas","lemma":"cosae","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Cosae"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"sagittae","lemma":"sagitta","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b10-l169","source":"gorytique leves umeris et letifer arcus.","translation":"light quivers at the shoulder, and the death-carrying bow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"gorytique","lemma":"gorytos","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"quivers","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"leves","lemma":"leuis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"umeris","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"letifer","lemma":"letifer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"death-carrying"},{"surface":"arcus","lemma":"arcus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b10-l170","source":"Una torvus Abas: huic totum insignibus armis","translation":"Grim Abas is with him: his whole column shone with fine arms,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"una","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"together, together with"},{"surface":"torvus","lemma":"toruus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"Abas","lemma":"abas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Abas"},{"surface":"huic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"totum","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"insignibus","lemma":"insignis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with arms"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b10-l171","source":"agmen et aurato fulgebat Apolline puppis.","translation":"and his stern with a gilded Apollo.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"agmen","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"column"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aurato","lemma":"auratus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gilded"},{"surface":"fulgebat","lemma":"fulgeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shone"},{"surface":"Apolline","lemma":"apollo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"puppis","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"stern"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b10-l172","source":"Sescentos illi dederat Populonia mater","translation":"Populonia, his mother city, had given him six hundred","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sescentos","lemma":"sescenti","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"six hundred"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"dederat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"Populonia","lemma":"populonia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Populonia"},{"surface":"mater","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b10-l173","source":"expertos belli iuvenes, ast Ilva trecentos","translation":"young men tried in war, and Ilva three hundred,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"expertos","lemma":"experior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"iuvenes","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"ast","lemma":"ast","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ilva","lemma":"ilua","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ilva"},{"surface":"trecentos","lemma":"trecenti","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"three hundred"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b10-l174","source":"insula inexhaustis Chalybum generosa metallis.","translation":"an island generous with the Chalybes' inexhaustible metals.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"insula","lemma":"insula","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"inexhaustis","lemma":"inexhaustus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"inexhaustible"},{"surface":"Chalybum","lemma":"chalybs","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Chalybes"},{"surface":"generosa","lemma":"generosus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"generous"},{"surface":"metallis","lemma":"metallum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"metals"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b10-l175","source":"Tertius ille hominum divomque interpres Asilas,","translation":"Third comes Asilas, that interpreter between men and gods,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tertius","lemma":"tertius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hominum","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"divomque","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"interpres","lemma":"interpres","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"interpreter"},{"surface":"Asilas","lemma":"asilas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Asilas"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b10-l176","source":"cui pecudum fibrae, caeli cui sidera parent","translation":"to whom the entrails of cattle answer, and the stars of the sky,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"pecudum","lemma":"pecus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of cattle"},{"surface":"fibrae","lemma":"fibra","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"entrails"},{"surface":"caeli","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"parent","lemma":"pareo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"answer"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b10-l177","source":"et linguae volucrum et praesagi fulminis ignes,","translation":"and the tongues of birds, and the foretelling fires of the lightning;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"linguae","lemma":"lingua","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"tongues"},{"surface":"volucrum","lemma":"uolucris","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"praesagi","lemma":"praesagus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"foretelling"},{"surface":"fulminis","lemma":"fulmen","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the lightning"},{"surface":"ignes","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fires"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b10-l178","source":"mille rapit densos acie atque horrentibus hastis.","translation":"he sweeps along a thousand men packed in line and bristling with spears.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mille","lemma":"mille","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"a thousand"},{"surface":"rapit","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sweeps along"},{"surface":"densos","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"packed"},{"surface":"acie","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"battle line"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"horrentibus","lemma":"horreo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bristling"},{"surface":"hastis","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"spears"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b10-l179","source":"Hos parere iubent Alpheae ab origine Pisae,","translation":"Pisa orders these to obey him, Alphean in its origin,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hos","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"parere","lemma":"pareo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to obey"},{"surface":"iubent","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"Alpheae","lemma":"alpheus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the Alpheus"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"origine","lemma":"origo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"origin"},{"surface":"Pisae","lemma":"pisae","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pisae"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b10-l180","source":"urbs Etrusca solo. Sequitur pulcherrimus Astur,","translation":"Etruscan in its soil. Astur follows, the most beautiful of them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"urbs","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"Etrusca","lemma":"etruscus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Etruscan"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"soil"},{"surface":"Sequitur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows"},{"surface":"pulcherrimus","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"Astur","lemma":"astur","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Astur"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b10-l181","source":"Astur equo fidens et versicoloribus armis.","translation":"Astur, who trusts his horse and his arms of shifting color.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Astur","lemma":"astur","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Astur"},{"surface":"equo","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"fidens","lemma":"fido","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"versicoloribus","lemma":"uersicolor","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"many-colored"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his arms"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b10-l182","source":"Tercentum adiciunt (mens omnibus una sequendi)","translation":"Three hundred more join in (one mind in all of them, to follow)","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tercentum","lemma":"tercentum","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"three hundred"},{"surface":"adiciunt","lemma":"adicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"join in"},{"surface":"mens","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"omnibus","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"in all of them"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"sequendi","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"gerund, genitive","role":"possessive","gloss":"of following"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b10-l183","source":"qui Caerete domo, qui sunt Minionis in arvis,","translation":"men whose home is Caere, men in the fields of the Minio,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Caerete","lemma":"caere","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at Caere"},{"surface":"domo","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"Minionis","lemma":"minio","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Minio"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"arvis","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b10-l184","source":"et Pyrgi veteres intempestaeque Graviscae.","translation":"and old Pyrgi, and Graviscae of the unwholesome air.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l184.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"intempestaeque Graviscae","title":"A word for unhealthy air","body":"Intempestus describes weather or air that does not keep its proper season, here marking Graviscae as an unhealthy place. Roman readers would have known the coastal town for its bad, likely malarial, air."}],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Pyrgi","lemma":"pyrgi","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pyrgi"},{"surface":"veteres","lemma":"uetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"intempestaeque","lemma":"intempestus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unwholesome"},{"surface":"Graviscae","lemma":"grauisca","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Graviscae"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b10-l185","source":"Non ego te, Ligurum ductor fortissime bello,","translation":"I would not pass you by, bravest in war of the Ligurian leaders,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Ligurum","lemma":"ligur","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Ligurians"},{"surface":"ductor","lemma":"ductor","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"fortissime","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"bravest"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b10-l186","source":"transierim, Cinyre, et paucis comitate Cupavo,","translation":"Cinyras, nor you, Cupavo, attended by a few,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"transierim","lemma":"transeo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would pass by"},{"surface":"Cinyre","lemma":"cinyras","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Cinyras"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"paucis","lemma":"paucus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"comitate","lemma":"comitor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"attended"},{"surface":"Cupavo","lemma":"cupauo","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Cupavo"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b10-l187","source":"cuius olorinae surgunt de vertice pennae,","translation":"from whose helmet the feathers of a swan rise up,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cuius","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"olorinae","lemma":"olorinus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swan's"},{"surface":"surgunt","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"pennae","lemma":"penna","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"feathers"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b10-l188","source":"crimen, Amor, vestrum formaeque insigne paternae.","translation":"the reproach is yours, Love, and the badge of a father's shape.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"indictment"},{"surface":"Amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Love"},{"surface":"vestrum","lemma":"uester","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"yours"},{"surface":"formaeque","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of shape"},{"surface":"insigne","lemma":"insigne","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"badge"},{"surface":"paternae","lemma":"paternus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of a father's"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b10-l189","source":"Namque ferunt luctu Cycnum Phaethontis amati,","translation":"For they say that Cycnus, in grief for Phaethon whom he loved,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"ferunt","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"luctu","lemma":"luctus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in grief"},{"surface":"Cycnum","lemma":"cycnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Cycnus"},{"surface":"Phaethontis","lemma":"phaethon","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Phaethon"},{"surface":"amati","lemma":"amo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"loved"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b10-l190","source":"populeas inter frondes umbramque sororum","translation":"while he sang among poplar leaves and the shade of the sisters","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"populeas","lemma":"populeus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"poplar"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"frondes","lemma":"frons","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"umbramque","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shade"},{"surface":"sororum","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"sisters"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b10-l191","source":"dum canit et maestum Musa solatur amorem,","translation":"and eased a sorrowing love with the Muse,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"canit","lemma":"cano","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sang"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"maestum","lemma":"maestus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sorrowing"},{"surface":"Musa","lemma":"musa","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the Muse"},{"surface":"solatur","lemma":"solor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"eased"},{"surface":"amorem","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b10-l192","source":"canentem molli pluma duxisse senectam,","translation":"drew on a white old age of soft feathers,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"canentem","lemma":"canesco","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"growing white"},{"surface":"molli","lemma":"mollis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"pluma","lemma":"pluma","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"feather"},{"surface":"duxisse","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to have drawn on"},{"surface":"senectam","lemma":"senecta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"old age"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b10-l193","source":"linquentem terras et sidera voce sequentem.","translation":"leaving the earth and following the stars with his voice.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"linquentem","lemma":"linquo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"sequentem","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"following"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b10-l194","source":"Filius, aequalis comitatus classe catervas,","translation":"His son, escorted in the fleet by companies of his own age,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Filius","lemma":"filius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"aequalis","lemma":"aequalis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the same age"},{"surface":"comitatus","lemma":"comitor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"escorted"},{"surface":"classe","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"catervas","lemma":"caterua","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"companies"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b10-l195","source":"ingentem remis Centaurum promovet: ille","translation":"drives the huge Centaur on with oars: and the Centaur","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ingentem","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"remis","lemma":"remus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"oars"},{"surface":"Centaurum","lemma":"centaurus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Centaur"},{"surface":"promovet","lemma":"promoueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives on"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b10-l196","source":"instat aquae saxumque undis immane minatur","translation":"leans over the water high above and threatens the waves with a monstrous","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"instat","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leans over"},{"surface":"aquae","lemma":"aqua","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"waters"},{"surface":"saxumque","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"at the waves"},{"surface":"immane","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"minatur","lemma":"minor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"threatens"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b10-l197","source":"arduus et longa sulcat maria alta carina.","translation":"rock, and furrows the deep sea with her long keel.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arduus","lemma":"arduus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high above"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"longa","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"sulcat","lemma":"sulco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"furrows"},{"surface":"maria","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"seas"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"carina","lemma":"carina","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"keel"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b10-l198","source":"Ille etiam patriis agmen ciet Ocnus ab oris,","translation":"Ocnus too calls a column out from his native shores,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"patriis","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"agmen","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"column"},{"surface":"ciet","lemma":"cieo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls out"},{"surface":"Ocnus","lemma":"ocnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Ocnus"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"oris","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shores"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b10-l199","source":"fatidicae Mantus et Tusci filius amnis,","translation":"son of the prophetess Manto and of the Tuscan river,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fatidicae","lemma":"fatidicus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"prophetic"},{"surface":"Mantus","lemma":"manto","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Manto"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tusci","lemma":"tuscus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tuscan"},{"surface":"filius","lemma":"filius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"amnis","lemma":"amnis","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"river"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b10-l200","source":"qui muros matrisque dedit tibi, Mantua, nomen,","translation":"who gave you your walls, Mantua, and his mother's name,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"matrisque","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"Mantua","lemma":"mantua","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Mantua"},{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"name"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b10-l201","source":"Mantua, dives avis; sed non genus omnibus unum:","translation":"Mantua, rich in forefathers; but the stock is not one for all of them:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mantua","lemma":"mantua","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mantua"},{"surface":"dives","lemma":"dis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"avis","lemma":"auus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in forefathers"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"stock"},{"surface":"omnibus","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"unum","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b10-l202","source":"gens illi triplex, populi sub gente quaterni,","translation":"three races are there, four peoples under each race,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"gens","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"triplex","lemma":"triplex","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"threefold"},{"surface":"populi","lemma":"populus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"peoples"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"quaterni","lemma":"quaterni","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"four each"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b10-l203","source":"ipsa caput populis, Tusco de sanguine vires.","translation":"and she herself the head of the peoples, her strength out of Tuscan blood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"populis","lemma":"populus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"of the peoples"},{"surface":"Tusco","lemma":"tuscus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tuscan"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"vires","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b10-l204","source":"Hinc quoque quingentos in se Mezentius armat,","translation":"From here as well five hundred are armed by Mezentius against himself,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"quoque","lemma":"quoque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"quingentos","lemma":"quingenti","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"five hundred"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Mezentius","lemma":"mezentius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mezentius"},{"surface":"armat","lemma":"armo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"arms"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b10-l205","source":"quos patre Benaco velatus harundine glauca","translation":"whom Mincius, veiled in gray-green reed, born of father Benacus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"patre","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Benaco","lemma":"benacus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Benacus"},{"surface":"velatus","lemma":"uelo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"veiled"},{"surface":"harundine","lemma":"harundo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with reed"},{"surface":"glauca","lemma":"glaucus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bluish gray"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b10-l206","source":"Mincius infesta ducebat in aequora pinu.","translation":"was leading down to the sea in a hostile pine hull.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mincius","lemma":"mincius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mincius"},{"surface":"infesta","lemma":"infestus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"ducebat","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was leading"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"seas"},{"surface":"pinu","lemma":"pinus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"pine"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b10-l207","source":"It gravis Aulestes centenaque arbore fluctum","translation":"Heavy Aulestes goes, and rising to the stroke beats the water","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"It","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"gravis","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"Aulestes","lemma":"aulestes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aulestes"},{"surface":"centenaque","lemma":"centeni","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"arbore","lemma":"arbor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with oar"},{"surface":"fluctum","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b10-l208","source":"verberat adsurgens, spumant vada marmore verso.","translation":"with a hundred trees; the shallows foam with the marble turned over.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l208.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"marmore verso","title":"The marble turned over","body":"Marmor means 'marble', and Latin poets use the word for the sea's surface, its flat sheen and the veining oars stir up. Marmore verso, 'the marble turned over', describes the water churned white by the oars. English has no equivalent noun, so we keep the word 'marble'."}],"words":[{"surface":"verberat","lemma":"uerbero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beats"},{"surface":"adsurgens","lemma":"assurgo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"spumant","lemma":"spumo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"foam"},{"surface":"vada","lemma":"uadum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"shallows"},{"surface":"marmore","lemma":"marmor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the marble"},{"surface":"verso","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"turned"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b10-l209","source":"Hunc vehit immanis Triton et caerula concha","translation":"A monstrous Triton carries him, frightening the blue","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"vehit","lemma":"ueho","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"immanis","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"Triton","lemma":"triton","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Triton"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"caerula","lemma":"caerulus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"blue, cerulean"},{"surface":"concha","lemma":"concha","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his conch"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b10-l210","source":"exterrens freta, cui laterum tenus hispida nanti","translation":"straits with his conch; as he swims his shaggy front","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exterrens","lemma":"exterreo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"frightening"},{"surface":"freta","lemma":"fretum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"straits"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"laterum","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"flanks"},{"surface":"tenus","lemma":"tenus","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"hispida","lemma":"hispidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaggy"},{"surface":"nanti","lemma":"no","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swimming"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b10-l211","source":"frons hominem praefert, in pristim desinit alvus:","translation":"shows a man as far down as the flanks, and his belly ends in a sea-beast:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"frons","lemma":"frons","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"front"},{"surface":"hominem","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"praefert","lemma":"praefero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shows"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"pristim","lemma":"pristis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sea-beast"},{"surface":"desinit","lemma":"desino","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"ends"},{"surface":"alvus","lemma":"aluus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"belly"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b10-l212","source":"spumea semifero sub pectore murmurat unda.","translation":"under the half-wild breast the foaming wave mutters.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"spumea","lemma":"spumeus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"foaming"},{"surface":"semifero","lemma":"semifer","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"half-wild"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"murmurat","lemma":"murmuro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"mutters"},{"surface":"unda","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"wave"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b10-l213","source":"Tot lecti proceres ter denis navibus ibant","translation":"So many chosen chiefs were going in thrice ten ships","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l213.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ter denis navibus","title":"Thrice ten instead of thirty","body":"Ter denis, 'by thrice ten', gives thirty as three groups of ten rather than as a single round number. Latin verse often multiplies this way instead of naming a number directly, the same habit that gives Juno her 'twice seven' nymphs in Book 1."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"lecti","lemma":"lectus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"chosen, picked"},{"surface":"proceres","lemma":"procer","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"chiefs"},{"surface":"ter","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"thrice"},{"surface":"denis","lemma":"deni","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"navibus","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ibant","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were going"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b10-l214","source":"subsidio Troiae et campos salis aera secabant.","translation":"to Troy's relief, and their bronze was cutting the fields of salt.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"subsidio","lemma":"subsidium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the relief"},{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"campos","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"salis","lemma":"sal","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"salt"},{"surface":"aera","lemma":"aes","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"secabant","lemma":"seco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were cutting"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b10-l215","source":"Iamque dies caelo concesserat almaque curru","translation":"And now the day had given way in the sky, and kindly Phoebe","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"and now"},{"surface":"dies","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"concesserat","lemma":"concedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had given way"},{"surface":"almaque","lemma":"almus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"curru","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with her car"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b10-l216","source":"noctivago Phoebe medium pulsabat Olympum:","translation":"was beating at mid-Olympus with her night-wandering car:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l216.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"noctivago ... curru","title":"The night-wandering car","body":"Phoebe names the moon, and her curru, 'chariot', reaching medium Olympum, 'the middle of the sky', marks the hour as midnight. Noctivagus, 'night-wandering', appears to be Vergil's own coined compound."}],"words":[{"surface":"noctivago","lemma":"noctiuagus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"night-wandering"},{"surface":"Phoebe","lemma":"phoebe","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Phoebe"},{"surface":"medium","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mid-"},{"surface":"pulsabat","lemma":"pulso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was beating"},{"surface":"Olympum","lemma":"olympus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b10-l217","source":"Aeneas (neque enim membris dat cura quietem)","translation":"Aeneas (for care gives his limbs no rest)","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"membris","lemma":"membrum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"his limbs"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"cura","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"quietem","lemma":"quies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"rest"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b10-l218","source":"ipse sedens clavumque regit velisque ministrat.","translation":"sits and works the tiller himself, and tends the sails.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sedens","lemma":"sedeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"clavumque","lemma":"clauus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"tiller"},{"surface":"regit","lemma":"rego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"velisque","lemma":"uelum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the sails"},{"surface":"ministrat","lemma":"ministro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tends"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b10-l219","source":"Atque illi medio in spatio chorus ecce suarum","translation":"And look: halfway across, a dancing troop of his own","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"medio","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"spatio","lemma":"spatium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"chorus","lemma":"chorus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"troop"},{"surface":"ecce","lemma":"ecce","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"suarum","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"his own"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b10-l220","source":"occurrit comitum: nymphae, quas alma Cybebe","translation":"companions meets him: the nymphs whom kindly Cybebe","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"occurrit","lemma":"occurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"meets"},{"surface":"comitum","lemma":"comes","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"nymphae","lemma":"nympha","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"nymphs"},{"surface":"quas","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"almus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"Cybebe","lemma":"cybebe","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Cybebe"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b10-l221","source":"numen habere maris nymphasque e navibus esse","translation":"had ordered to hold the godhead of the sea and to be nymphs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"numen","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"godhead"},{"surface":"habere","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to hold"},{"surface":"maris","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"nymphasque","lemma":"nympha","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"nymphs"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"instead of"},{"surface":"navibus","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"esse","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b10-l222","source":"iusserat, innabant pariter fluctusque secabant,","translation":"instead of ships; they swam abreast and cut the waves,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iusserat","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had ordered"},{"surface":"innabant","lemma":"inno","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"swam"},{"surface":"pariter","lemma":"pariter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"abreast"},{"surface":"fluctusque","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"secabant","lemma":"seco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b10-l223","source":"quot prius aeratae steterant ad litora prorae.","translation":"as many as the bronze prows that had stood at the shore before.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quot","lemma":"quot","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"prius","lemma":"prius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"aeratae","lemma":"aeratus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"steterant","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had stood"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"prorae","lemma":"prora","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"prows"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b10-l224","source":"Agnoscunt longe regem lustrantque choreis,","translation":"They know their king from far off and ring him with their dances,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Agnoscunt","lemma":"agnosco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"recognize"},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from far off"},{"surface":"regem","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"lustrantque","lemma":"lustro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"choreis","lemma":"chorea","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with dances"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b10-l225","source":"quarum quae fandi doctissima Cymodocea","translation":"and the readiest of them in speech, Cymodocea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quarum","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of whom"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"fandi","lemma":"for","morphology":"gerund, genitive","role":"possessive","gloss":"in speaking"},{"surface":"doctissima","lemma":"doctus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"most skilled"},{"surface":"Cymodocea","lemma":"cymodocea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Cymodocea"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b10-l226","source":"pone sequens dextra puppim tenet ipsaque dorso","translation":"following astern, holds the stern in her right hand and lifts","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pone","lemma":"pone","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"astern"},{"surface":"sequens","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"following"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"puppim","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"tenet","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"ipsaque","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"dorso","lemma":"dorsum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in back"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b10-l227","source":"eminet ac laeva tacitis subremigat undis,","translation":"her own back clear, rowing under with her left through the silent water,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"eminet","lemma":"emineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifts clear"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"laeva","lemma":"laeuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"left hand"},{"surface":"tacitis","lemma":"tacitus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"subremigat","lemma":"surremigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rows underneath"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"through the water"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b10-l228","source":"tum sic ignarum adloquitur: “Vigilasne, deum gens,","translation":"and speaks to him, who knows nothing: “Are you awake, seed of gods,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ignarum","lemma":"ignarus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the one who knows nothing"},{"surface":"adloquitur","lemma":"adloquor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks to"},{"surface":"Vigilasne","lemma":"uigilo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"remain awake","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"deum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"gens","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"race"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b10-l229","source":"Aenea? Vigila et velis immitte rudentis.","translation":"Aeneas? Wake, and let the ropes out to the sails.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aenea","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Vigila","lemma":"uigilo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"wake"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"velis","lemma":"uelum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"immitte","lemma":"immitto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"let out"},{"surface":"rudentis","lemma":"rudens","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"ropes"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b10-l230","source":"Nos sumus, Idaeae sacro de vertice pinus,","translation":"It is we, the pines from Ida's holy summit,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nos","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"sumus","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"Idaeae","lemma":"idaeus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Idaean"},{"surface":"sacro","lemma":"sacer","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"summit"},{"surface":"pinus","lemma":"pinus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"pines"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b10-l231","source":"nunc pelagi nymphae, classis tua. Perfidus ut nos","translation":"now nymphs of the sea, your fleet. When the treacherous Rutulian","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"pelagi","lemma":"pelagus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"nymphae","lemma":"nympha","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"nymphs"},{"surface":"classis","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Perfidus","lemma":"perfidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"treacherous"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b10-l232","source":"praecipitis ferro Rutulus flammaque premebat,","translation":"was driving us headlong with sword and with flame,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praecipitis","lemma":"praeceps","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"headlong"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"Rutulus","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rutulian"},{"surface":"flammaque","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"premebat","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was driving"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b10-l233","source":"rupimus invitae tua vincula teque per aequor","translation":"we broke your cables against our will, and over the water","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"rupimus","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"we broke"},{"surface":"invitae","lemma":"inuitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"vincula","lemma":"uinculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"cables"},{"surface":"teque","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"aequor","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b10-l234","source":"quaerimus. Hanc Genetrix faciem miserata refecit","translation":"we are looking for you. The Mother pitied us and remade us in this shape","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l234.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Genetrix","title":"A title standing for a name","body":"Genetrix, 'the Mother', stands alone as a title for Cybele without naming her. Latin can use a cult title this way as a proper noun on its own, where English usually needs an article or a name."}],"words":[{"surface":"quaerimus","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"we are looking for"},{"surface":"Hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Genetrix","lemma":"genetrix","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"faciem","lemma":"facies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"shape"},{"surface":"miserata","lemma":"miseror","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having pitied"},{"surface":"refecit","lemma":"reficio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"remade"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b10-l235","source":"et dedit esse deas aevumque agitare sub undis.","translation":"and granted us to be goddesses and to pass our age under the waves.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"esse","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"deas","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"goddesses"},{"surface":"aevumque","lemma":"aeuum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"age"},{"surface":"agitare","lemma":"agito","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to pass"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"waves"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b10-l236","source":"At puer Ascanius muro fossisque tenetur","translation":"But the boy Ascanius is shut in by wall and by ditch,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"puer","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"Ascanius","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"muro","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by wall"},{"surface":"fossisque","lemma":"fossa","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ditches"},{"surface":"tenetur","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is held"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b10-l237","source":"tela inter media atque horrentis Marte Latinos.","translation":"among the weapons and the Latins bristling with war.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"horrentis","lemma":"horreo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bristling"},{"surface":"Marte","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with war"},{"surface":"Latinos","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Latins"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b10-l238","source":"Iam loca iussa tenent forti permixtus Etrusco","translation":"Already the Arcadian horse, mixed in with the brave Etruscan,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"loca","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"iussa","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"appointed"},{"surface":"tenent","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"forti","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"permixtus","lemma":"permisceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mixed in"},{"surface":"Etrusco","lemma":"etruscus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"with the Etruscan"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b10-l239","source":"Arcas eques: medias illis opponere turmas,","translation":"holds the ground appointed; to throw his squadrons across their way,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arcas","lemma":"arcas","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Arcadian"},{"surface":"eques","lemma":"eques","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"medias","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"illis","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"opponere","lemma":"oppono","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to throw"},{"surface":"turmas","lemma":"turma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"squadrons"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b10-l240","source":"ne castris iungant, certast sententia Turno.","translation":"so they do not reach the camp, is Turnus' settled purpose.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"castris","lemma":"castrum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"camps"},{"surface":"iungant","lemma":"iungo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"reach"},{"surface":"certast","lemma":"certus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"fixed, settled"},{"surface":"sententia","lemma":"sententia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"purpose"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b10-l241","source":"Surge age et Aurora socios veniente vocari","translation":"Up now, and when Dawn comes be the first to order","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Surge","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"age","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"come on"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Aurora","lemma":"aurora","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"when Dawn"},{"surface":"socios","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"allies"},{"surface":"veniente","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"vocari","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be called"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b10-l242","source":"primus in arma iube et clipeum cape, quem dedit ipse","translation":"your allies called to arms, and take up the shield the Lord of Fire","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"primus","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"iube","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"clipeum","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"cape","lemma":"capio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b10-l243","source":"invictum Ignipotens atque oras ambiit auro.","translation":"himself gave you, unconquerable, and ran a rim of gold around.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"invictum","lemma":"inuictus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unconquerable"},{"surface":"Ignipotens","lemma":"ignipotens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lord of Fire"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oras","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"rim"},{"surface":"ambiit","lemma":"ambio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran around"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b10-l244","source":"Crastina lux, mea si non inrita dicta putaris,","translation":"Tomorrow's light, if you do not judge my words empty,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Crastina","lemma":"crastinus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of tomorrow"},{"surface":"lux","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"inrita","lemma":"inritus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"putaris","lemma":"puto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"judge"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b10-l245","source":"ingentis Rutulae spectabit caedis acervos.”","translation":"will look on huge heaps of Rutulian slaughter.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ingentis","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"Rutulae","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Rutulian"},{"surface":"spectabit","lemma":"specto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will look on"},{"surface":"caedis","lemma":"caedes","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"acervos","lemma":"aceruus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"heaps"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b10-l246","source":"Dixerat, et dextra discedens impulit altam","translation":"She had spoken; and as she went her right hand pushed the tall","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dixerat","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had spoken"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"discedens","lemma":"discedo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"impulit","lemma":"impello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pushed"},{"surface":"altam","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tall"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b10-l247","source":"haud ignara modi puppim: fugit illa per undas","translation":"stern, she knew the way of it: the ship runs off over the water","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ignara","lemma":"ignarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unaware"},{"surface":"modi","lemma":"modus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the way"},{"surface":"puppim","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"fugit","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs off"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"undas","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b10-l248","source":"ocior et iaculo et ventos aequante sagitta.","translation":"faster than a javelin, faster than an arrow that keeps pace with the winds.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ocior","lemma":"ocior","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"faster"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"iaculo","lemma":"iaculum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"javelin"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ventos","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"aequante","lemma":"aequo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"keeping pace with"},{"surface":"sagitta","lemma":"sagitta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b10-l249","source":"Inde aliae celerant cursus. Stupet inscius ipse","translation":"Then the others quicken their course. He himself understands nothing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inde","lemma":"inde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"aliae","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"celerant","lemma":"celero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"quicken"},{"surface":"cursus","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"Stupet","lemma":"stupeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stares blankly"},{"surface":"inscius","lemma":"inscius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"understanding nothing"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b10-l250","source":"Tros Anchisiades; animos tamen omine tollit.","translation":"and stares, the Trojan son of Anchises; still, the sign lifts his heart.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l250.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Tros Anchisiades","title":"Named by nation and father","body":"Tros Anchisiades, 'the Trojan, son of Anchises', names Aeneas by nation and father rather than by his own name. The same patronymic returns at line 822, later in the book."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tros","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the Trojan"},{"surface":"Anchisiades","lemma":"anchisiades","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"son of Anchises"},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"omine","lemma":"omen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the sign"},{"surface":"tollit","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifts"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b10-l251","source":"Tum breviter super adspectans convexa precatur:","translation":"Then, looking up at the vault above, he prays briefly:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"breviter","lemma":"breuiter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"briefly"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"up above"},{"surface":"adspectans","lemma":"aspecto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"convexa","lemma":"conuexus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the vault"},{"surface":"precatur","lemma":"precor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"prays"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b10-l252","source":"“Alma parens Idaea deum, cui Dindyma cordi","translation":"“Kindly Idaean mother of the gods, whose heart is in Dindymus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Alma","lemma":"almus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"parens","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"Idaea","lemma":"idaeus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Idaean"},{"surface":"deum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"Dindyma","lemma":"dindyma","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"Dindymus"},{"surface":"cordi","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"dear"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b10-l253","source":"turrigeraeque urbis biiugique ad frena leones,","translation":"and in towered cities and in lions paired to the rein,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"turrigeraeque","lemma":"turriger","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"towered"},{"surface":"urbis","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"biiugique","lemma":"biiugus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"paired, yoked"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"frena","lemma":"frenum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"rein"},{"surface":"leones","lemma":"leo","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"lions"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b10-l254","source":"tu mihi nunc pugnae princeps, tu rite propinques","translation":"be you my leader in this fight now, bring the omen near","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of this fight"},{"surface":"princeps","lemma":"princeps","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"rite","lemma":"rite","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in due form"},{"surface":"propinques","lemma":"propinquo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"bring near"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b10-l255","source":"augurium Phrygibusque adsis pede, diva, secundo.”","translation":"in due form, and stand by the Phrygians, goddess, with a favoring step.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"augurium","lemma":"augurium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"omen"},{"surface":"Phrygibusque","lemma":"phryges","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the Phrygians"},{"surface":"adsis","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"stand by"},{"surface":"pede","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with step"},{"surface":"diva","lemma":"diua","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"secundo","lemma":"secundus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"favoring"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b10-l256","source":"Tantum effatus. Et interea revoluta rubebat","translation":"So much he said. And meanwhile the day came round and was reddening","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tantum","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"only this much"},{"surface":"effatus","lemma":"effor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"revoluta","lemma":"reuoluo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having come round"},{"surface":"rubebat","lemma":"rubeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was reddening"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b10-l257","source":"matura iam luce dies noctemque fugarat:","translation":"with full light already, and had put the night to flight:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"matura","lemma":"maturus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"luce","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"dies","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"noctemque","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"fugarat","lemma":"fugo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had put to flight"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b10-l258","source":"principio sociis edicit, signa sequantur","translation":"first he gives his companions the order to follow the standards","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"principio","lemma":"principium","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"sociis","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"edicit","lemma":"edico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives the order"},{"surface":"signa","lemma":"signum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"standards"},{"surface":"sequantur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b10-l259","source":"atque animos aptent armis pugnaeque parent se.","translation":"and fit their spirits to their arms and make themselves ready for battle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"spirits"},{"surface":"aptent","lemma":"apto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"should fit"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to their arms"},{"surface":"pugnaeque","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"parent","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"should make ready"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b10-l260","source":"Iamque in conspectu Teucros habet et sua castra,","translation":"And now he has the Teucrians and his own camp in sight,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"and now"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"conspectu","lemma":"conspectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"Teucros","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"habet","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"castra","lemma":"castra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"camp"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b10-l261","source":"stans celsa in puppi; clipeum cum deinde sinistra","translation":"standing high on the stern; then with his left he lifted","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"stans","lemma":"sto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"celsa","lemma":"celsus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"puppi","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"clipeum","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"deinde","lemma":"deinde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sinistra","lemma":"sinister","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his left"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b10-l262","source":"extulit ardentem. Clamorem ad sidera tollunt","translation":"the burning shield. The sons of Dardanus raise a shout","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"extulit","lemma":"effero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"ardentem","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"Clamorem","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"tollunt","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"raise"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b10-l263","source":"Dardanidae e muris, spes addita suscitat iras,","translation":"to the stars from the walls; hope, added to them, stirs up their anger,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardanidae","lemma":"dardanides","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sons of Dardanus"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"muris","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"spes","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"addita","lemma":"addo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been added"},{"surface":"suscitat","lemma":"suscito","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirs up"},{"surface":"iras","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"angers"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b10-l264","source":"tela manu iaciunt: quales sub nubibus atris","translation":"they throw their weapons by hand: as under black clouds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"iaciunt","lemma":"iacio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throw"},{"surface":"quales","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"nubibus","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"atris","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b10-l265","source":"Strymoniae dant signa grues atque aethera tranant","translation":"the cranes of Strymon give their signal and swim across the upper air","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Strymoniae","lemma":"strymonius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Strymon"},{"surface":"dant","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"signa","lemma":"signum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"signal"},{"surface":"grues","lemma":"grus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"cranes"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aethera","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"upper air"},{"surface":"tranant","lemma":"trano","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"swim across"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b10-l266","source":"cum sonitu fugiuntque notos clamore secundo.","translation":"with a noise, and run from the south winds with a clamor behind them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sonitu","lemma":"sonitus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"noise"},{"surface":"fugiuntque","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"run","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"notos","lemma":"notus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"south winds"},{"surface":"clamore","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a clamor"},{"surface":"secundo","lemma":"secundus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"behind them"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b10-l267","source":"At Rutulo regi ducibusque ea mira videri","translation":"But to the Rutulian king and the Ausonian captains this looked","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Rutulo","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Rutulian"},{"surface":"regi","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"ducibusque","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"captains"},{"surface":"ea","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"mira","lemma":"mirus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"a marvel"},{"surface":"videri","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to seem"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b10-l268","source":"Ausoniis, donec versas ad litora puppes","translation":"like a marvel, until they look back and see the sterns turned","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ausoniis","lemma":"ausonius","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Ausonian"},{"surface":"donec","lemma":"donec","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"versas","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"puppes","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sterns"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b10-l269","source":"respiciunt totumque adlabi classibus aequor.","translation":"toward the shore, and the whole sea gliding in under ships.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"respiciunt","lemma":"respicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"look back"},{"surface":"totumque","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"adlabi","lemma":"allabor","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to glide in"},{"surface":"classibus","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"under ships"},{"surface":"aequor","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b10-l270","source":"Ardet apex capiti cristisque a vertice flamma","translation":"The peak on his head burns, and flame pours from the crest","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l270.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ardet apex capiti","title":"A present tense inside a past narrative","body":"Ardet, 'it burns', is a historic present used in the middle of a past-tense narrative, switching tense at the moment the enemy first sees Aeneas' helmet. Latin uses this shift to put the description in the present moment rather than the completed past."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ardet","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"burns"},{"surface":"apex","lemma":"apex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"capiti","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"cristisque","lemma":"crista","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"crest"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"crown"},{"surface":"flamma","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"flame"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b10-l271","source":"funditur et vastos umbo vomit aureus ignes:","translation":"on his crown, and the golden boss vomits enormous fires:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"funditur","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is poured"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vastos","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"umbo","lemma":"umbo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"boss"},{"surface":"vomit","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"vomits"},{"surface":"aureus","lemma":"aureus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ignes","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fires"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b10-l272","source":"non secus ac liquida siquando nocte cometae","translation":"no otherwise than when on a clear night comets","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"secus","lemma":"secus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"liquida","lemma":"liquidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"siquando","lemma":"siquando","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"if when"},{"surface":"nocte","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"cometae","lemma":"cometes","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"comets"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b10-l273","source":"sanguinei lugubre rubent aut Sirius ardor,","translation":"glow blood-red and mournful, or the burning of Sirius,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sanguinei","lemma":"sanguineus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"blood-red"},{"surface":"lugubre","lemma":"lugubris","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"mournfully"},{"surface":"rubent","lemma":"rubeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"glow"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Sirius","lemma":"sirius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Sirius'"},{"surface":"ardor","lemma":"ardor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"burning"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b10-l274","source":"ille sitim morbosque ferens mortalibus aegris,","translation":"the star that brings thirst and sickness to sick mortals,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sitim","lemma":"sitis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"thirst"},{"surface":"morbosque","lemma":"morbus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sickness"},{"surface":"ferens","lemma":"fero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"mortalibus","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"aegris","lemma":"aeger","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sick"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b10-l275","source":"nascitur et laevo contristat lumine caelum.","translation":"rises and saddens the sky with an ill-omened light.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nascitur","lemma":"nascor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"laevo","lemma":"laeuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"ill-omened"},{"surface":"contristat","lemma":"contristo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"saddens"},{"surface":"lumine","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b10-l276","source":"Haud tamen audaci Turno fiducia cessit","translation":"Yet bold Turnus' confidence did not give way to it:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"audaci","lemma":"audax","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"fiducia","lemma":"fiducia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"confidence"},{"surface":"cessit","lemma":"cedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave way"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b10-l277","source":"litora praecipere et venientis pellere terra.","translation":"he would take the beaches first and drive the incomers off the land.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"beaches"},{"surface":"praecipere","lemma":"praecipio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"take first"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"venientis","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"incomers"},{"surface":"pellere","lemma":"pello","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to drive off"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b10-l278","source":"ultro animos tollit dictis atque increpat ultro","translation":"Unasked he lifts their spirits with words, unasked he rebukes them:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ultro","lemma":"ultro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"unasked"},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"spirits"},{"surface":"tollit","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifts"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"increpat","lemma":"increpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebukes"},{"surface":"ultro","lemma":"ultro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"unasked"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b10-l279","source":"“Quod votis optastis, adest, perfringere dextra;","translation":"“What you asked for in your prayers is here, to break through with the hand;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"votis","lemma":"uotum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in prayers"},{"surface":"optastis","lemma":"opto","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"asked for"},{"surface":"adest","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is here"},{"surface":"perfringere","lemma":"perfringo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to break through"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b10-l280","source":"in manibus Mars ipse viris. Nunc coniugis esto","translation":"Mars himself is in your hands, men. Now let each one keep","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"manibus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"Mars","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mars"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"viris","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"coniugis","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"be"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b10-l281","source":"quisque suae tectique memor, nunc magna referto","translation":"his wife and his house in mind, now bring back the great","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quisque","lemma":"quisque","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"suae","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"tectique","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of his house"},{"surface":"memor","lemma":"memor","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"mindful"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"magna","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"referto","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"bring back"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b10-l282","source":"facta, patrum laudes. Ultro occurramus ad undam,","translation":"deeds, the praises of our fathers. Let us go down to the water and meet them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"facta","lemma":"factum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"patrum","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"fathers"},{"surface":"laudes","lemma":"laus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"praises"},{"surface":"Ultro","lemma":"ultro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"unasked"},{"surface":"occurramus","lemma":"occurro","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let us meet"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"undam","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b10-l283","source":"dum trepidi egressisque labant vestigia prima.","translation":"while they are unsteady and their first steps stagger as they land.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"trepidi","lemma":"trepidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unsteady"},{"surface":"egressisque","lemma":"egredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having landed"},{"surface":"labant","lemma":"labo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"stagger"},{"surface":"vestigia","lemma":"uestigium","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b10-l284","source":"Audentis Fortuna iuvat,”","translation":"Fortune helps the daring,”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Audentis","lemma":"audeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the daring"},{"surface":"Fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"iuvat","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"helps"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b10-l285","source":"haec ait et secum versat, quos ducere contra","translation":"he says, and turns over within himself whom to lead against them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"versat","lemma":"uerso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps turning"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ducere","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to lead"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"against"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b10-l286","source":"vel quibus obsessos possit concredere muros.","translation":"and to whom he can trust the besieged walls.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vel","lemma":"uel","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"obsessos","lemma":"obsideo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"besieged"},{"surface":"possit","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"he can"},{"surface":"concredere","lemma":"concredo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to trust"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"walls"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b10-l287","source":"Interea Aeneas socios de puppibus altis","translation":"Meanwhile Aeneas is putting his companions ashore from the high","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"socios","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"puppibus","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sterns"},{"surface":"altis","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b10-l288","source":"pontibus exponit. Multi servare recursus","translation":"sterns by gangways. Many watch for the backward run","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pontibus","lemma":"pons","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gangways"},{"surface":"exponit","lemma":"expono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"puts ashore"},{"surface":"Multi","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"servare","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"watch for"},{"surface":"recursus","lemma":"recursus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"backward run"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b10-l289","source":"languentis pelagi et brevibus se credere saltu,","translation":"of the slackening sea and trust themselves to the shallows in a jump,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"languentis","lemma":"langueo","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"slackening"},{"surface":"pelagi","lemma":"pelagus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brevibus","lemma":"breuis","morphology":"adjective, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"shallows"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"credere","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"trust"},{"surface":"saltu","lemma":"saltus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a jump"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b10-l290","source":"per remos alii. Speculatus litora Tarchon,","translation":"others go down the oars. Tarchon, having read the shore","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"remos","lemma":"remus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"oars"},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"Speculatus","lemma":"speculor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having scanned"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"Tarchon","lemma":"tarchon","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Tarchon"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b10-l291","source":"qua vada non sperat nec fracta remurmurat unda,","translation":"where he looks for no shoal and no broken wave mutters back,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"vada","lemma":"uadum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shoal"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sperat","lemma":"spero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"expects"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"fracta","lemma":"frango","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been broken"},{"surface":"remurmurat","lemma":"remurmuro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"mutters back"},{"surface":"unda","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"wave"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b10-l292","source":"sed mare inoffensum crescenti adlabitur aestu,","translation":"but the sea slides in unchecked on a rising tide,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"mare","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"inoffensum","lemma":"inoffensus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unchecked"},{"surface":"crescenti","lemma":"cresco","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"adlabitur","lemma":"allabor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"slides in"},{"surface":"aestu","lemma":"aestus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on the tide"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b10-l293","source":"advertit subito proram sociosque precatur:","translation":"swings his prow around suddenly and calls on his companions:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"advertit","lemma":"aduerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"swings around"},{"surface":"subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"proram","lemma":"prora","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"prow"},{"surface":"sociosque","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"companions","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"precatur","lemma":"precor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls on"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b10-l294","source":"“Nunc, o lecta manus, validis incumbite remis;","translation":"“Now, chosen crew, lean into the strong oars;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"lecta","lemma":"lectus","morphology":"participle, perfect passive vocative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"chosen"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"crew"},{"surface":"validis","lemma":"ualidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"incumbite","lemma":"incumbo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"lean forward"},{"surface":"remis","lemma":"remus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"oars"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b10-l295","source":"tollite, ferte rates; inimicam findite rostris","translation":"lift the ships, carry them; split this hostile land","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tollite","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"lift"},{"surface":"ferte","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"rates","lemma":"ratis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"inimicam","lemma":"inimicus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"findite","lemma":"findo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"split"},{"surface":"rostris","lemma":"rostrum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the beaks"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b10-l296","source":"hanc terram, sulcumque sibi premat ipsa carina.","translation":"with the beaks, and let the keel itself press out its own furrow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"terram","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"sulcumque","lemma":"sulcus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"furrow"},{"surface":"sibi","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"premat","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it press"},{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"carina","lemma":"carina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"keel"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b10-l297","source":"Frangere nec tali puppim statione recuso","translation":"I do not refuse to break the ship up in a berth like this,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Frangere","lemma":"frango","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to break"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tali","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"puppim","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"statione","lemma":"statio","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a berth"},{"surface":"recuso","lemma":"recuso","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I refuse"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b10-l298","source":"arrepta tellure semel.” Quae talia postquam","translation":"once the ground is seized.” And after Tarchon had spoken","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arrepta","lemma":"arripio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"tellure","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"semel","lemma":"semel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"Quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"after"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b10-l299","source":"effatus Tarchon, socii consurgere tonsis","translation":"such words, his companions rose to the oar-blades","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"effatus","lemma":"effor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"Tarchon","lemma":"tarchon","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Tarchon"},{"surface":"socii","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"consurgere","lemma":"consurgo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"tonsis","lemma":"tonsa","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"oars"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b10-l300","source":"spumantisque rates arvis inferre Latinis,","translation":"and drove the foaming ships up onto the Latin fields,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"spumantisque","lemma":"spumo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"foaming"},{"surface":"rates","lemma":"ratis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"arvis","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"inferre","lemma":"infero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"Latinis","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Latin"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b10-l301","source":"donec rostra tenent siccum et sedere carinae","translation":"until the beaks hold dry land and every keel had settled","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"donec","lemma":"donec","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"rostra","lemma":"rostrum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"beaks"},{"surface":"tenent","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"siccum","lemma":"siccus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"dry land"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sedere","lemma":"sido","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had settled"},{"surface":"carinae","lemma":"carina","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"keels"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b10-l302","source":"omnes innocuae, sed non puppis tua, Tarchon.","translation":"unhurt, but not your ship, Tarchon.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l302.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sed non puppis tua, Tarchon","title":"Turning to speak to Tarchon","body":"The description of the landing runs in the third person, then shifts without warning to address Tarchon directly, sed non puppis tua, 'but not your ship'. This turn from third to second person is the figure called apostrophe."}],"words":[{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"innocuae","lemma":"innocuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unhurt"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"puppis","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Tarchon","lemma":"tarchon","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Tarchon"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b10-l303","source":"Namque inflicta vadis dorso dum pendet iniquo,","translation":"For, thrown up on a shoal, while she hangs on an unfair ridge,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"inflicta","lemma":"infligo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thrown up"},{"surface":"vadis","lemma":"uadum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on a shoal"},{"surface":"dorso","lemma":"dorsum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on a ridge"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"pendet","lemma":"pendeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"hangs"},{"surface":"iniquo","lemma":"iniquus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"uneven, unfair"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b10-l304","source":"anceps sustentata diu fluctusque fatigat,","translation":"balanced, held up a long time, and wears the waves out,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"anceps","lemma":"anceps","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"balanced, in doubt"},{"surface":"sustentata","lemma":"sustento","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"held up"},{"surface":"diu","lemma":"diu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"a long time"},{"surface":"fluctusque","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"fatigat","lemma":"fatigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wears out"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b10-l305","source":"solvitur atque viros mediis exponit in undis","translation":"she breaks apart and puts her men out in the middle of the water,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"solvitur","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"breaks apart"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"viros","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"mediis","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"exponit","lemma":"expono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"puts out"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b10-l306","source":"fragmina remorum quos et fluitantia transtra","translation":"where the wreckage of oars and the floating benches","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fragmina","lemma":"fragmen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"wreckage"},{"surface":"remorum","lemma":"remus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"oars"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fluitantia","lemma":"fluito","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"floating"},{"surface":"transtra","lemma":"transtrum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"benches"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b10-l307","source":"impediunt, retrahitque pedem simul unda relabens.","translation":"tangle them, and at the same time the wave sliding back drags their feet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"impediunt","lemma":"impedio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"tangle"},{"surface":"retrahitque","lemma":"retraho","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drags"},{"surface":"pedem","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at the same time"},{"surface":"unda","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"relabens","lemma":"relabor","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"falling back"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b10-l308","source":"Nec Turnum segnis retinet mora, sed rapit acer","translation":"No slow delay holds Turnus either: fiercely he sweeps","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"segnis","lemma":"segnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"slow"},{"surface":"retinet","lemma":"retineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds back"},{"surface":"mora","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"rapit","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sweeps"},{"surface":"acer","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fiercely"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b10-l309","source":"totam aciem in Teucros et contra in litore sistit.","translation":"his whole line against the Teucrians and sets it facing them on the shore.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"totam","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"aciem","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"battle line"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Teucros","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"facing them"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"litore","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"sistit","lemma":"sisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sets"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b10-l310","source":"Signa canunt. Primus turmas invasit agrestis","translation":"The trumpets sound. Aeneas fell first on the country squadrons,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l310.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"omen pugnae","title":"An omen for the battle","body":"Roman armies read the first kill of an engagement as an omen for how the rest of the battle would go. Primus, 'first', marks Aeneas' opening kill here in exactly that sense, a sign as well as an event."}],"words":[{"surface":"Signa","lemma":"signum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"trumpets"},{"surface":"canunt","lemma":"cano","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"Primus","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"turmas","lemma":"turma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"squadrons"},{"surface":"invasit","lemma":"inuado","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell on"},{"surface":"agrestis","lemma":"agrestis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"country"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b10-l311","source":"Aeneas, omen pugnae, stravitque Latinos","translation":"an omen for the battle, and laid the Latins low,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"omen","lemma":"omen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"stravitque","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid low"},{"surface":"Latinos","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Latins"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b10-l312","source":"occiso Therone, virum qui maximus ultro","translation":"killing Theron, hugest of men, who went at Aeneas","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"occiso","lemma":"occido","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been killed"},{"surface":"Therone","lemma":"theron","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Theron"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"maximus","lemma":"maximus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, superlative","role":"predicate","gloss":"hugest"},{"surface":"ultro","lemma":"ultro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"unasked"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b10-l313","source":"Aenean petit: huic gladio perque aerea suta,","translation":"unasked: through the bronze stitching, through the tunic","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"petit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"went at"},{"surface":"huic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the man's"},{"surface":"gladio","lemma":"gladius","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"perque","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"aerea","lemma":"aereus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"suta","lemma":"sutus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"mail, armor"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b10-l314","source":"per tunicam squalentem auro latus haurit apertum.","translation":"rough with gold, his sword drank out the man's opened side.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l314.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"latus haurit apertum","title":"A verb for draining a cup","body":"Haurio normally means 'to draw water' or 'to drain a cup'. Latus haurit apertum, 'his sword drank out the opened side', applies that verb to a sword entering a body, and we translate it literally rather than softening it to 'pierced'."}],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"tunicam","lemma":"tunica","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"squalentem","lemma":"squaleo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rough"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with gold"},{"surface":"latus","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"side, flank"},{"surface":"haurit","lemma":"haurio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drank out"},{"surface":"apertum","lemma":"aperio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"opened"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b10-l315","source":"Inde Lichan ferit, exsectum iam matre perempta","translation":"Then he strikes Lichas, cut out of his mother when she was already dead","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inde","lemma":"inde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Lichan","lemma":"lichas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Lichas"},{"surface":"ferit","lemma":"ferio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"exsectum","lemma":"exseco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cut out"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"matre","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"perempta","lemma":"perimo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b10-l316","source":"et tibi, Phoebe, sacrum: casus evadere ferri","translation":"and made holy to you, Phoebus: what good did it do him, an infant,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"Phoebe","lemma":"phoebus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"sacrum","lemma":"sacer","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"made holy"},{"surface":"casus","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"evadere","lemma":"euado","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to escape"},{"surface":"ferri","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the blade"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b10-l317","source":"quo licuit parvo? Nec longe Cissea durum","translation":"to be let escape the chance of the blade? Not far off","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"what good"},{"surface":"licuit","lemma":"licet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"parvo","lemma":"paruus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the infant"},{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"Cissea","lemma":"cisseus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Cisseus"},{"surface":"durum","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b10-l318","source":"immanemque Gyan, sternentis agmina clava,","translation":"he threw down to Death hard Cisseus and huge Gyas,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"immanemque","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"Gyan","lemma":"gyas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Gyas"},{"surface":"sternentis","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flattening"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"clava","lemma":"claua","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"club"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b10-l319","source":"deiecit Leto: nihil illos Herculis arma","translation":"who were flattening whole columns with the club: nothing helped them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"deiecit","lemma":"deicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"Leto","lemma":"letum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Death"},{"surface":"nihil","lemma":"nihil","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"illos","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"Herculis","lemma":"hercules","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Hercules"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"weapons"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b10-l320","source":"nec validae iuvere manus genitorque Melampus,","translation":"not the weapons of Hercules, not their strong hands, nor their father Melampus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"validae","lemma":"ualidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"iuvere","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"helped"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"genitorque","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Melampus","lemma":"melampus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Melampus"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b10-l321","source":"Alcidae comes usque gravis dum terra labores","translation":"Alcides' companion as long as the earth kept supplying him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Alcidae","lemma":"alcides","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Alcides"},{"surface":"comes","lemma":"comes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"usque","lemma":"usque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"gravis","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"labores","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"labors"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b10-l322","source":"praebuit. Ecce Pharo, voces dum iactat inertis,","translation":"heavy labors. Look, while Pharus flings out useless words,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praebuit","lemma":"praebeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"supplied"},{"surface":"Ecce","lemma":"ecce","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"Pharo","lemma":"pharus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Pharus"},{"surface":"voces","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"iactat","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"flings out"},{"surface":"inertis","lemma":"iners","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"useless"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b10-l323","source":"intorquens iaculum clamanti sistit in ore.","translation":"he whirls a javelin and stops it in the shouting mouth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"intorquens","lemma":"intorqueo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hurling, whirling"},{"surface":"iaculum","lemma":"iaculum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"javelin"},{"surface":"clamanti","lemma":"clamo","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"sistit","lemma":"sisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stops"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"mouth"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b10-l324","source":"Tu quoque, flaventem prima lanugine malas","translation":"You too, while you were following Clytius, his cheeks yellowing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l324.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tu quoque ... Cydon","title":"The unreal past","body":"Vergil addresses Cydon directly and says he would have died here, iaceres, 'you would be lying', a contrary-to-fact statement. He then names the brothers who arrived and stopped Aeneas before it happened."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"quoque","lemma":"quoque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"flaventem","lemma":"flaueo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"yellowing"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"lanugine","lemma":"lanugo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with down"},{"surface":"malas","lemma":"mala","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cheeks"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b10-l325","source":"dum sequeris Clytium infelix, nova gaudia, Cydon,","translation":"with their first down, your new delight, unlucky Cydon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"sequeris","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"Clytium","lemma":"clytius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Clytius"},{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"nova","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, vocative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"gaudia","lemma":"gaudium","morphology":"noun, vocative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"delight"},{"surface":"Cydon","lemma":"cydon","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Cydon"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b10-l326","source":"Dardania stratus dextra, securus amorum,","translation":"would be lying laid low by the Dardan hand, past caring","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardania","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardan"},{"surface":"stratus","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"laid low"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"securus","lemma":"securus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"past caring"},{"surface":"amorum","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"loves"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b10-l327","source":"qui iuvenum tibi semper erant, miserande iaceres,","translation":"for the loves of boys that were always yours, a man to be pitied,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"iuvenum","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of boys"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"semper","lemma":"semper","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"erant","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"miserande","lemma":"miserandus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"to be pitied"},{"surface":"iaceres","lemma":"iaceo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be lying"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b10-l328","source":"ni fratrum stipata cohors foret obvia, Phorci","translation":"had not a packed troop of brothers come in the way, the offspring","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if not"},{"surface":"fratrum","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"stipata","lemma":"stipo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"packed"},{"surface":"cohors","lemma":"cohors","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"troop, band"},{"surface":"foret","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had been"},{"surface":"obvia","lemma":"obuius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"in the way"},{"surface":"Phorci","lemma":"phorcus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Phorcus"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b10-l329","source":"progenies, septem numero, septenaque tela","translation":"of Phorcus, seven of them; and seven weapons","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"progenies","lemma":"progenies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"septem","lemma":"septem","morphology":"numeral, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"numero","lemma":"numerus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"number"},{"surface":"septenaque","lemma":"septeni","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"seven each"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b10-l330","source":"coniciunt; partim galea clipeoque resultant","translation":"they throw; some bounce back from the helmet and the shield","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"coniciunt","lemma":"conicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throw"},{"surface":"partim","lemma":"partim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"galea","lemma":"galea","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"off the helmet"},{"surface":"clipeoque","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"off the shield"},{"surface":"resultant","lemma":"resulto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bounce back"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b10-l331","source":"inrita, deflexit partim stringentia corpus","translation":"with nothing done, some that were grazing his body were turned aside","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inrita","lemma":"inritus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"with nothing done"},{"surface":"deflexit","lemma":"deflecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned aside"},{"surface":"partim","lemma":"partim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"stringentia","lemma":"stringo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawing tight"},{"surface":"corpus","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"body"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b10-l332","source":"alma Venus. Fidum Aeneas adfatur Achaten:","translation":"by kindly Venus. Aeneas speaks to faithful Achates:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"alma","lemma":"almus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"nourishing, kind"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"Fidum","lemma":"fidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"adfatur","lemma":"affor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks to"},{"surface":"Achaten","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b10-l333","source":"“Suggere tela mihi: non ullum dextera frustra","translation":"“Hand me weapons: my right hand will throw none of them for nothing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Suggere","lemma":"suggero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"supply, hand"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ullum","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"dextera","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"frustra","lemma":"frustra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for nothing"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b10-l334","source":"torserit in Rutulos, steterunt quae in corpore Graium","translation":"against Rutulians, of those that stood in Greek bodies","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"torserit","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will have thrown"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Rutulos","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"steterunt","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"those that"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"Graium","lemma":"graius","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Greek"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b10-l335","source":"Iliacis campis.” Tum magnam corripit hastam","translation":"on the plains of Ilium.” Then he catches up a great spear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iliacis","lemma":"iliacus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Ilium"},{"surface":"campis","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the plains"},{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"magnam","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"corripit","lemma":"corripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"catches up"},{"surface":"hastam","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b10-l336","source":"et iacit: illa volans clipei transverberat aera","translation":"and throws it: it flies and drives through the bronze of Maeon's","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"iacit","lemma":"iacio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throws"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"volans","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"clipei","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"transverberat","lemma":"transuerbero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives through"},{"surface":"aera","lemma":"aes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b10-l337","source":"Maeonis et thoraca simul cum pectore rumpit.","translation":"shield, and breaks his breastplate and his chest together.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Maeonis","lemma":"maeonis","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Maeon"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"thoraca","lemma":"thorax","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"breastplate"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"rumpit","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"breaks"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b10-l338","source":"Huic frater subit Alcanor fratremque ruentem","translation":"His brother Alcanor comes up and holds his brother as he falls,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Huic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"frater","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"subit","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes up"},{"surface":"Alcanor","lemma":"alcanor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Alcanor"},{"surface":"fratremque","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"ruentem","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"falling"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b10-l339","source":"sustentat dextra: traiecto missa lacerto","translation":"with his right hand: the spear, sent through the arm it pierced,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sustentat","lemma":"sustento","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"traiecto","lemma":"traicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pierced"},{"surface":"missa","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"lacerto","lemma":"lacertus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the arm"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b10-l340","source":"protinus hasta fugit servatque cruenta tenorem,","translation":"goes straight on and keeps its bloody course,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"protinus","lemma":"protinus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"straight on"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"fugit","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"servatque","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"cruenta","lemma":"cruentus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bloody"},{"surface":"tenorem","lemma":"tenor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"course"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b10-l341","source":"dexteraque ex umero nervis moribunda pependit.","translation":"and the right hand hung dying from the shoulder by its sinews.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dexteraque","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"umero","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"nervis","lemma":"neruus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by its sinews"},{"surface":"moribunda","lemma":"moribundus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"pependit","lemma":"pendeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hung"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b10-l342","source":"Tum Numitor iaculo fratris de corpore rapto","translation":"Then Numitor, snatching the javelin out of his brother's body,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Numitor","lemma":"numitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Numitor"},{"surface":"iaculo","lemma":"iaculum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"javelin"},{"surface":"fratris","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"rapto","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"snatched"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b10-l343","source":"Aenean petiit; sed non et figere contra","translation":"went for Aeneas; but he was not allowed to strike him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"petiit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"went for"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"figere","lemma":"figo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to strike"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in return"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b10-l344","source":"est licitum, magnique femur perstrinxit Achatae.","translation":"in return, and only grazed great Achates' thigh.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"licitum","lemma":"licet","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"magnique","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"femur","lemma":"femur","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"perstrinxit","lemma":"perstringo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"grazed"},{"surface":"Achatae","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b10-l345","source":"Hic Curibus fidens primaevo corpore Clausus","translation":"Here comes Clausus, trusting in Cures and in a body in its first youth,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"Curibus","lemma":"cures","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Cures"},{"surface":"fidens","lemma":"fido","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"primaevo","lemma":"primaeuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"in its first youth"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"Clausus","lemma":"clausus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Clausus"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b10-l346","source":"advenit et rigida Dryopem ferit eminus hasta","translation":"and strikes Dryops from a distance with a stiff spear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"advenit","lemma":"aduenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rigida","lemma":"rigidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stiff"},{"surface":"Dryopem","lemma":"dryops","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Dryops"},{"surface":"ferit","lemma":"ferio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"eminus","lemma":"eminus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from a distance"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b10-l347","source":"sub mentum graviter pressa pariterque loquentis","translation":"pressed hard in under the chin, and takes away both the voice","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"mentum","lemma":"mentum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"chin"},{"surface":"graviter","lemma":"grauiter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"pressa","lemma":"premo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been pressed"},{"surface":"pariterque","lemma":"pariter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"equally"},{"surface":"loquentis","lemma":"loquor","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"speaking"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b10-l348","source":"vocem animamque rapit traiecto gutture; at ille","translation":"and the life of a man in mid-speech, the throat run through; and he","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vocem","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"animamque","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"rapit","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes away"},{"surface":"traiecto","lemma":"traicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"pierced through"},{"surface":"gutture","lemma":"guttur","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b10-l349","source":"fronte ferit terram et crassum vomit ore cruorem.","translation":"strikes the ground with his forehead and vomits thick gore from his mouth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fronte","lemma":"frons","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his forehead"},{"surface":"ferit","lemma":"ferio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"terram","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"crassum","lemma":"crassus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"vomit","lemma":"uomo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"vomits"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"cruorem","lemma":"cruor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gore"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b10-l350","source":"Tres quoque Threicios Boreae de gente suprema","translation":"Three Thracians too, of the highest line of Boreas,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"quoque","lemma":"quoque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Threicios","lemma":"threicius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Thracian"},{"surface":"Boreae","lemma":"boreas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Boreas"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"suprema","lemma":"supremus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"highest"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b10-l351","source":"et tris, quos Idas pater et patria Ismara mittit,","translation":"and three whom their father Idas and their homeland Ismara send,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tris","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Idas","lemma":"idas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Idas"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"patria","lemma":"patria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"homeland"},{"surface":"Ismara","lemma":"ismara","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Ismara"},{"surface":"mittit","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sends"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b10-l352","source":"per varios sternit casus. Accurrit Halaesus","translation":"he lays low by one chance and another. Halaesus runs up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"varios","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one and another"},{"surface":"sternit","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lays low"},{"surface":"casus","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"Accurrit","lemma":"accurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"Halaesus","lemma":"halaesus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Halaesus"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b10-l353","source":"Auruncaeque manus, subit et Neptunia proles,","translation":"with his Auruncan bands, and Neptune's own offspring comes on,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Auruncaeque","lemma":"auruncus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Auruncan"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his bands"},{"surface":"subit","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes up"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Neptunia","lemma":"neptunius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Neptune's"},{"surface":"proles","lemma":"proles","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"offspring"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b10-l354","source":"insignis Messapus equis. Expellere tendunt","translation":"Messapus, splendid with horses. They strain to push each other back,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"insignis","lemma":"insignis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"Messapus","lemma":"messapus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Messapus"},{"surface":"equis","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"Expellere","lemma":"expello","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to push out"},{"surface":"tendunt","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strain"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b10-l355","source":"nunc hi, nunc illi; certatur limine in ipso","translation":"now these, now those; the fight is on the very threshold","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hi","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"certatur","lemma":"certo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"the fight is on"},{"surface":"limine","lemma":"limen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ipso","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"very"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b10-l356","source":"Ausoniae. Magno discordes aethere venti","translation":"of Ausonia. As in the great upper air quarreling winds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l356.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Magno discordes aethere venti","title":"A simile of winds in deadlock","body":"This simile compares the stalled battle to discordes venti, 'quarreling winds', braced against each other in the sky along with clouds and sea, with neither side able to move the other. The image is one of forces locked, not of victory."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ausoniae","lemma":"ausonia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Ausonia"},{"surface":"Magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"discordes","lemma":"discors","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quarreling"},{"surface":"aethere","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"upper air"},{"surface":"venti","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b10-l357","source":"proelia ceu tollunt animis et viribus aequis;","translation":"raise their battles with spirits equal and strength equal;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"battles"},{"surface":"ceu","lemma":"ceu","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"tollunt","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"raise"},{"surface":"animis","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"spirits, courage"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"viribus","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with strength"},{"surface":"aequis","lemma":"aequus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b10-l358","source":"non ipsi inter se, non nubila, non mare cedit;","translation":"neither they to one another, nor the clouds, nor the sea gives way;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ipsi","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"nubila","lemma":"nubilus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mare","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"cedit","lemma":"cedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives way"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b10-l359","source":"anceps pugna diu, stant obnixa omnia contra:","translation":"the fight hangs long undecided, everything stands braced against everything:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"anceps","lemma":"anceps","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"undecided"},{"surface":"pugna","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fight"},{"surface":"diu","lemma":"diu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"a long time"},{"surface":"stant","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"obnixa","lemma":"obnixus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"resolute, determined"},{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"against"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b10-l360","source":"haud aliter Troianae acies aciesque Latinae","translation":"not otherwise the Trojan lines and the Latin lines","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aliter","lemma":"aliter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"Troianae","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"aciesque","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"line","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Latinae","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Latin"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b10-l361","source":"concurrunt; haeret pede pes densusque viro vir.","translation":"run together; foot sticks to foot, and man is packed against man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l361.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"haeret pede pes densusque viro vir","title":"Foot to foot, man to man","body":"Pede pes and viro vir repeat the same noun twice, once in each case needed, packed together with no word between them. The tight word order itself mimics men pressed shoulder to shoulder in the line."}],"words":[{"surface":"concurrunt","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"haeret","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sticks"},{"surface":"pede","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to foot"},{"surface":"pes","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"densusque","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"packed"},{"surface":"viro","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"vir","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b10-l362","source":"At parte ex alia, qua saxa rotantia late","translation":"But in another quarter, where a torrent had driven rolling stones","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a quarter"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"alia","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"saxa","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"rotantia","lemma":"roto","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"late","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far and wide"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b10-l363","source":"impulerat torrens arbustaque diruta ripis,","translation":"far and wide and bushes torn down from its banks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"impulerat","lemma":"impello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had driven"},{"surface":"torrens","lemma":"torrens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"torrent"},{"surface":"arbustaque","lemma":"arbustum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bushes"},{"surface":"diruta","lemma":"diruo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"torn down"},{"surface":"ripis","lemma":"ripa","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"banks"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b10-l364","source":"Arcadas insuetos acies inferre pedestris","translation":"when Pallas saw the Arcadians, unaccustomed to bringing a line on foot,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arcadas","lemma":"arcades","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Arcadians"},{"surface":"insuetos","lemma":"insuetus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unaccustomed"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"a line"},{"surface":"inferre","lemma":"infero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to bring"},{"surface":"pedestris","lemma":"pedester","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"on foot"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b10-l365","source":"ut vidit Pallas Latio dare terga sequaci","translation":"turning their backs to the Latins at their heels","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vidit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Pallas","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Latio","lemma":"latium","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the Latins"},{"surface":"dare","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to turn"},{"surface":"terga","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"backs"},{"surface":"sequaci","lemma":"sequax","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"at their heels"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b10-l366","source":"(aspera quis natura loci dimittere quando","translation":"(the roughness of the ground had persuaded them, for once,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aspera","lemma":"asper","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rough"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural","role":"indirect object","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"natura","lemma":"natura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"nature"},{"surface":"loci","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"place, ground"},{"surface":"dimittere","lemma":"dimitto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to let go"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for once"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b10-l367","source":"suasit equos), unum quod rebus restat egenis,","translation":"to let their horses go), he does the one thing left in a beggared case","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"suasit","lemma":"suadeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"persuaded"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"unum","lemma":"unus","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the one thing"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"rebus","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"in circumstances"},{"surface":"restat","lemma":"resto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is left"},{"surface":"egenis","lemma":"egenus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beggared"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b10-l368","source":"nunc prece, nunc dictis virtutem accendit amaris:","translation":"and kindles their courage, now with prayer, now with bitter words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"prece","lemma":"prex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with prayer"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"virtutem","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"accendit","lemma":"accendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"kindles"},{"surface":"amaris","lemma":"amarus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b10-l369","source":"“Quo fugitis, socii? Per vos et fortia facta,","translation":"“Where are you running, companions? By yourselves and your brave deeds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"fugitis","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you running"},{"surface":"socii","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"Per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"yourselves"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fortia","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"facta","lemma":"factum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b10-l370","source":"per ducis Evandri nomen devictaque bella","translation":"by the name of Evander your leader and the wars he won through,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"ducis","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the leader"},{"surface":"Evandri","lemma":"euander","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Evander"},{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"devictaque","lemma":"deuinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"won through"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"wars"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b10-l371","source":"Spemque meam, patriae quae nunc subit aemula laudi,","translation":"and by my own hope, which now comes up to rival my father's fame,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l371.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"spemque meam","title":"A disputed word","body":"Some manuscripts read opemque meam, 'my help', instead of spemque meam, 'my hope'; the first is hard to construe with a hope rising to rival a father's fame. We follow the majority reading, spemque meam, printed here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Spemque","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"meam","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"patriae","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"father's, paternal"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"subit","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"comes up"},{"surface":"aemula","lemma":"aemulus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"rival"},{"surface":"laudi","lemma":"laus","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to fame"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b10-l372","source":"fidite ne pedibus. Ferro rumpenda per hostis","translation":"do not trust your feet. A road has to be broken through the enemy","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fidite","lemma":"fido","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"trust"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pedibus","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"your feet"},{"surface":"Ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"rumpenda","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"gerundive, nominative singular feminine","role":"obligation","gloss":"to be broken"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the enemy"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b10-l373","source":"est via. Qua globus ille virum densissimus urget,","translation":"by iron. Where that knot of men presses thickest,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"Qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"globus","lemma":"globus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"knot"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"densissimus","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"thickest"},{"surface":"urget","lemma":"urgeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"presses"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b10-l374","source":"hac vos et Pallanta ducem patria alta reposcit.","translation":"there your high homeland calls back you and Pallas your leader.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l374.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"patria alta reposcit","title":"The homeland calls you back","body":"Reposco means 'to demand back' something that is owed, like a debt or a hostage. Patria alta reposcit, 'the high homeland demands you back', casts the men's service as a debt now being called in."}],"words":[{"surface":"hac","lemma":"hac","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Pallanta","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"ducem","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"patria","lemma":"patria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"homeland"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"reposcit","lemma":"reposco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"demands back"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b10-l375","source":"Numina nulla premunt, mortali urgemur ab hoste","translation":"No divine powers are pressing us; we are mortals hard pressed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Numina","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"divine will"},{"surface":"nulla","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"premunt","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"press"},{"surface":"mortali","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"urgemur","lemma":"urgeo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are pressed"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"hoste","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"enemy"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b10-l376","source":"mortales, totidem nobis animaeque manusque.","translation":"by a mortal enemy; we have as many lives and hands as they have.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mortales","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"totidem","lemma":"totidem","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"nobis","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural","role":"indirect object","gloss":"we have"},{"surface":"animaeque","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"lives, souls"},{"surface":"manusque","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b10-l377","source":"Ecce, maris magna claudit nos obice pontus,","translation":"Look, the sea shuts us in with the great barrier of its water,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ecce","lemma":"ecce","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"maris","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"magna","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"claudit","lemma":"claudo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shuts in"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"obice","lemma":"obex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"barrier"},{"surface":"pontus","lemma":"pontus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b10-l378","source":"deest iam terra fugae: pelagus Troiamne petemus?”","translation":"there is no land left to run over: shall we make for the deep, or for Troy?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l378.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"pelagus Troiamne petemus?","title":"The sea, or Troy","body":"Pelagus Troiamne petemus, 'shall we make for the sea, or for Troy', uses the enclitic -ne to turn the choice into a direct question. Deest terra fugae, 'there is no land left to flee over', explains why: behind is open water, ahead is the Trojan camp."}],"words":[{"surface":"deest","lemma":"desum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is no"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"fugae","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for flight"},{"surface":"pelagus","lemma":"pelagus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the deep"},{"surface":"Troiamne","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Troy","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"petemus","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 1st plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall we make for"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b10-l379","source":"Haec ait et medius densos prorumpit in hostis.","translation":"So he speaks, and bursts into the middle of the packed enemy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"medius","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"densos","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"packed"},{"surface":"prorumpit","lemma":"prorumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bursts"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"enemy"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b10-l380","source":"Obvius huic primum, fatis adductus iniquis,","translation":"The first to come against him, brought on by unfair fates,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Obvius","lemma":"obuius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"first to come against"},{"surface":"huic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"fatis","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by fates"},{"surface":"adductus","lemma":"adduco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brought on"},{"surface":"iniquis","lemma":"iniquus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unfair"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b10-l381","source":"fit Lagus. Hunc, magno vellit dum pondere saxum,","translation":"is Lagus. While he is prying up a stone of great weight,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fit","lemma":"fio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Lagus","lemma":"lagus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lagus"},{"surface":"Hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"vellit","lemma":"uello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is prying up"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"pondere","lemma":"pondus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with weight"},{"surface":"saxum","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stone"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b10-l382","source":"intorto figit telo, discrimina costis","translation":"Pallas pins him with a spinning spear where the spine gave the ribs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"intorto","lemma":"intorqueo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"spinning"},{"surface":"figit","lemma":"figo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pins"},{"surface":"telo","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a spear"},{"surface":"discrimina","lemma":"discrimen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"parting"},{"surface":"costis","lemma":"costa","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the ribs"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b10-l383","source":"per medium qua spina dabat, hastamque receptat","translation":"their parting down the middle, and works the shaft back out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"medium","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"spina","lemma":"spina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"spine"},{"surface":"dabat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"hastamque","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"shaft"},{"surface":"receptat","lemma":"recepto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps back"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b10-l384","source":"ossibus haerentem. Quem non super occupat Hisbo,","translation":"where it stuck in the bone. Hisbo does not catch him from above,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ossibus","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the bone"},{"surface":"haerentem","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"clinging"},{"surface":"Quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"occupat","lemma":"occupo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"catches"},{"surface":"Hisbo","lemma":"hisbo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Hisbo"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b10-l385","source":"ille quidem hoc sperans: nam Pallas ante ruentem,","translation":"though that was just what he was hoping for: as Hisbo came on raging","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"quidem","lemma":"quidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sperans","lemma":"spero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hoping"},{"surface":"nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Pallas","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ruentem","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming on raging"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b10-l386","source":"dum furit, incautum crudeli morte sodalis","translation":"and off his guard at his comrade's cruel death, Pallas takes him first","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"furit","lemma":"furo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"incautum","lemma":"incautus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"off his guard"},{"surface":"crudeli","lemma":"crudelis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"sodalis","lemma":"sodalis","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of his comrade"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b10-l387","source":"excipit atque ensem tumido in pulmone recondit.","translation":"and buries his sword in the swollen lung.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"excipit","lemma":"excipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"tumido","lemma":"tumidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swollen"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"pulmone","lemma":"pulmo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"lung"},{"surface":"recondit","lemma":"recondo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"buries"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b10-l388","source":"Hinc Sthenium petit et Rhoeti de gente vetusta","translation":"Next he goes for Sthenius, and for Anchemolus of the ancient line","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"Sthenium","lemma":"sthenius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Sthenius"},{"surface":"petit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes for"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Rhoeti","lemma":"rhoetus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Rhoetus"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"vetusta","lemma":"uetustus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ancient, old established"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b10-l389","source":"Anchemolum, thalamos ausum incestare novercae.","translation":"of Rhoetus, who had dared to foul his stepmother's bedchamber.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anchemolum","lemma":"anchemolus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Anchemolus"},{"surface":"thalamos","lemma":"thalamus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"bedchamber"},{"surface":"ausum","lemma":"audeo","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having dared"},{"surface":"incestare","lemma":"incesto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to foul"},{"surface":"novercae","lemma":"nouerca","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"stepmothers"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b10-l390","source":"Vos etiam, gemini, Rutulis cecidistis in agris,","translation":"You twins too fell in the Rutulian fields,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"gemini","lemma":"geminus","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"twins"},{"surface":"Rutulis","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Rutulian"},{"surface":"cecidistis","lemma":"cado","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"agris","lemma":"ager","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b10-l391","source":"Daucia, Laride Thymberque, simillima proles,","translation":"Larides and Thymber, sons of Daucus, offspring so much alike","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Daucia","lemma":"daucius","morphology":"adjective, vocative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sons of Daucus"},{"surface":"Laride","lemma":"larides","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Larides"},{"surface":"Thymberque","lemma":"thymber","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Thymber","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"simillima","lemma":"similis","morphology":"adjective, vocative plural masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"so much alike"},{"surface":"proles","lemma":"proles","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"offspring"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b10-l392","source":"indiscreta suis gratusque parentibus error;","translation":"your own people could not tell you apart, a confusion your parents liked;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"indiscreta","lemma":"indiscretus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"indistinguishable"},{"surface":"suis","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"own people"},{"surface":"gratusque","lemma":"gratus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"parentibus","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"your parents"},{"surface":"error","lemma":"error","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"wandering"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b10-l393","source":"at nunc dura dedit vobis discrimina Pallas:","translation":"but now Pallas has given you a hard way of being told apart:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"dura","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has given"},{"surface":"vobis","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"discrimina","lemma":"discrimen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"way of being told apart"},{"surface":"Pallas","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b10-l394","source":"nam tibi, Thymbre, caput Evandrius abstulit ensis;","translation":"for Evander's sword took your head off, Thymber;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"Thymbre","lemma":"thymber","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Thymber"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"Evandrius","lemma":"euandrius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Evander's"},{"surface":"abstulit","lemma":"aufero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"took off, severed"},{"surface":"ensis","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sword"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b10-l395","source":"te decisa suum, Laride, dextera quaerit","translation":"and your cut-off right hand, Larides, goes looking for its owner,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"decisa","lemma":"decido","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cut off"},{"surface":"suum","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"its owner"},{"surface":"Laride","lemma":"larides","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Larides"},{"surface":"dextera","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"quaerit","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes looking for"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b10-l396","source":"semianimesque micant digiti ferrumque retractant.","translation":"and the half-alive fingers twitch and take up the sword again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l396.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"semianimes ... digiti","title":"The hand that goes on fighting","body":"Semianimes digiti, 'half-alive fingers', describes a severed hand still moving on its own, micant, 'twitching', and retractant, 'reaching again for the sword'. Vergil's battle scenes are often this exact about anatomy, in the manner of Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"semianimesque","lemma":"semianimis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"half-alive","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"micant","lemma":"mico","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"twitch"},{"surface":"digiti","lemma":"digitus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"ferrumque","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"retractant","lemma":"retracto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"take up again"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b10-l397","source":"Arcadas accensos monitu et praeclara tuentis","translation":"The Arcadians, fired by his warning and watching the man's brilliant","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arcadas","lemma":"arcades","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Arcadians"},{"surface":"accensos","lemma":"accendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fired"},{"surface":"monitu","lemma":"monitus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"warning"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"praeclara","lemma":"praeclarus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"brilliant"},{"surface":"tuentis","lemma":"tueor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"watching"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b10-l398","source":"facta viri mixtus dolor et pudor armat in hostis.","translation":"deeds, are armed against the enemy by grief mixed with shame.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"facta","lemma":"factum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"the man's"},{"surface":"mixtus","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been mixed"},{"surface":"dolor","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pudor","lemma":"pudor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"armat","lemma":"armo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"enemy"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b10-l399","source":"Tum Pallas biiugis fugientem Rhoetea praeter","translation":"Then Pallas runs Rhoeteus through as he drove past him, fleeing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Pallas","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"biiugis","lemma":"biiugus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his chariot"},{"surface":"fugientem","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"Rhoetea","lemma":"rhoeteus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Rhoeteus"},{"surface":"praeter","lemma":"praeter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b10-l400","source":"traicit. Hoc spatium tantumque morae fuit Ilo;","translation":"in his pair. This much space, and this much delay, was granted to Ilus;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"traicit","lemma":"traicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs through"},{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"spatium","lemma":"spatium","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"space"},{"surface":"tantumque","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"this much"},{"surface":"morae","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of delay"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Ilo","lemma":"ilus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Ilus"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b10-l401","source":"Ilo namque procul validam direxerat hastam,","translation":"for it was at Ilus, far off, that he had aimed the strong spear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ilo","lemma":"ilus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Ilus"},{"surface":"namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"procul","lemma":"procul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"validam","lemma":"ualidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"direxerat","lemma":"dirigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"aimed"},{"surface":"hastam","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b10-l402","source":"quam medius Rhoeteus intercipit, optime Teuthra,","translation":"which Rhoeteus took in the middle, running from you, best Teuthras,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"medius","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"Rhoeteus","lemma":"rhoeteus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rhoeteus"},{"surface":"intercipit","lemma":"intercipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"optime","lemma":"optimus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"Teuthra","lemma":"teuthras","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Teuthras"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b10-l403","source":"te fugiens fratremque Tyren, curruque volutus","translation":"and from your brother Tyres; and tumbled out of the chariot","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"fugiens","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"fratremque","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"Tyren","lemma":"tyres","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Tyres"},{"surface":"curruque","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"volutus","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having tumbled"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b10-l404","source":"caedit semianimis Rutulorum calcibus arva.","translation":"he beats the fields of the Rutulians with his heels, half alive.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"caedit","lemma":"caedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beats"},{"surface":"semianimis","lemma":"semianimis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"half-alive"},{"surface":"Rutulorum","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Rutulians"},{"surface":"calcibus","lemma":"calx","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"heels"},{"surface":"arva","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b10-l405","source":"Ac velut optato ventis aestate coortis","translation":"And as when in summer the winds a shepherd wanted have got up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l405.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Volcania acies","title":"Fire's battle line, a metaphor","body":"Acies usually means a battle line of soldiers; Volcania acies applies the word to a spreading fire instead. The simile follows a shepherd's controlled burn, begun in a wind he wanted, until it becomes one long line of flame crossing the fields."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"velut","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"optato","lemma":"optatus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"ventis","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"aestate","lemma":"aestas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"coortis","lemma":"coorior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having risen up"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b10-l406","source":"dispersa immittit silvis incendia pastor,","translation":"and he lets scattered fires go into the woods,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dispersa","lemma":"dispergo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"immittit","lemma":"immitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lets go"},{"surface":"silvis","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"into the woods"},{"surface":"incendia","lemma":"incendium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"pastor","lemma":"pastor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shepherd"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b10-l407","source":"correptis subito mediis extenditur una","translation":"and the space between catches all at once, and one bristling","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"correptis","lemma":"corripio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"mediis","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"extenditur","lemma":"extendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"spreads out"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b10-l408","source":"horrida per latos acies Volcania campos;","translation":"line of Vulcan's army spreads out across the wide fields,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"horrida","lemma":"horridus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bristling"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"latos","lemma":"latus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"battle line"},{"surface":"Volcania","lemma":"uolcanius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Vulcan's"},{"surface":"campos","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b10-l409","source":"ille sedens victor flammas despectat ovantis:","translation":"and he sits and looks down as a victor on the flames in their triumph:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sedens","lemma":"sedeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"victor","lemma":"uictor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"conqueror"},{"surface":"flammas","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"flames"},{"surface":"despectat","lemma":"despecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"looks down on"},{"surface":"ovantis","lemma":"ouo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"triumphing"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b10-l410","source":"non aliter socium virtus coit omnis in unum","translation":"not otherwise does all your companions' courage come together into one","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aliter","lemma":"aliter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"socium","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"virtus","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"coit","lemma":"coeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fits together"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"unum","lemma":"unus","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b10-l411","source":"teque iuvat, Palla. Sed bellis acer Halaesus","translation":"and help you, Pallas. But Halaesus, keen in war,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l411.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"teque iuvat, Palla","title":"The poet speaks to Pallas","body":"Palla is the vocative form of Pallas, used here as Vergil turns from third-person narration to address him directly, teque iuvat, 'and it helps you'. Vergil addresses Pallas by name this way five times in the book."}],"words":[{"surface":"teque","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"iuvat","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"helps"},{"surface":"Palla","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"bellis","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"acer","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"keen"},{"surface":"Halaesus","lemma":"halaesus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Halaesus"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b10-l412","source":"tendit in adversos seque in sua conligit arma.","translation":"makes head against them and gathers himself in behind his own armor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tendit","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes head"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"adversos","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"seque","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"conligit","lemma":"colligo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathers"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"armor"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b10-l413","source":"Hic mactat Ladona Pheretaque Demodocumque,","translation":"Here he butchers Ladon and Pheres and Demodocus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"mactat","lemma":"macto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"butchers"},{"surface":"Ladona","lemma":"ladon","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Ladon"},{"surface":"Pheretaque","lemma":"pheres","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Pheres"},{"surface":"Demodocumque","lemma":"demodocus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Demodocus"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b10-l414","source":"Strymonio dextram fulgenti deripit ense","translation":"and with a flashing sword strikes off the right hand of Strymonius","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Strymonio","lemma":"strymonius","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Strymonius"},{"surface":"dextram","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"fulgenti","lemma":"fulgeo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flashing"},{"surface":"deripit","lemma":"deripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strikes off"},{"surface":"ense","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sword"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b10-l415","source":"elatam in iugulum, saxo ferit ora Thoantis","translation":"as it was raised at his throat; he hits Thoas in the face with a stone","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"elatam","lemma":"effero","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"iugulum","lemma":"iugulum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"saxo","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a stone"},{"surface":"ferit","lemma":"ferio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hits"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"Thoantis","lemma":"thoas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Thoas"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b10-l416","source":"ossaque dispersit cerebro permixta cruento.","translation":"and scattered the bones mixed together with bloody brain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ossaque","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"dispersit","lemma":"dispergo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered about"},{"surface":"cerebro","lemma":"cerebrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"brain"},{"surface":"permixta","lemma":"permisceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been mixed or mingle together"},{"surface":"cruento","lemma":"cruentus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bloody"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b10-l417","source":"Fata canens silvis genitor celarat Halaesum:","translation":"His father, who could sing the fates, had hidden Halaesus away in the woods:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"canens","lemma":"cano","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"singing"},{"surface":"silvis","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the woods"},{"surface":"genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"celarat","lemma":"celo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had hidden"},{"surface":"Halaesum","lemma":"halaesus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Halaesus"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b10-l418","source":"ut senior leto canentia lumina solvit,","translation":"when the old man loosed his whitening eyes in death,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"senior","lemma":"senior","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"leto","lemma":"letum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in death"},{"surface":"canentia","lemma":"caneo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whitening"},{"surface":"lumina","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"solvit","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"loosed"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b10-l419","source":"iniecere manum Parcae telisque sacrarunt","translation":"the Fates laid a hand on him and made him holy to the weapons","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iniecere","lemma":"inicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid on"},{"surface":"manum","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"Parcae","lemma":"parca","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Fates"},{"surface":"telisque","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"sacrarunt","lemma":"sacro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"made holy"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b10-l420","source":"Evandri. Quem sic Pallas petit ante precatus:","translation":"of Evander. Pallas goes for him, praying first in this way:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Evandri","lemma":"euander","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Evander"},{"surface":"Quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in this way"},{"surface":"Pallas","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"petit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes for"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"precatus","lemma":"precor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having prayed"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b10-l421","source":"“Da nunc, Thybri pater, ferro, quod missile libro,","translation":"“Grant now, father Tiber, to the iron I balance for the throw,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Thybri","lemma":"thybris","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Tiber"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the iron"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"missile","lemma":"missilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"as a missile"},{"surface":"libro","lemma":"libro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"balance, poise"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b10-l422","source":"fortunam atque viam duri per pectus Halaesi.","translation":"luck and a road through hard Halaesus' chest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fortunam","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"luck"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"duri","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"pectus","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"Halaesi","lemma":"halaesus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Halaesus"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b10-l423","source":"Haec arma exuviasque viri tua quercus habebit.”","translation":"Your oak shall have this armor and the man's stripped gear.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"exuviasque","lemma":"exuuiae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"gear","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"quercus","lemma":"quercus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"oak"},{"surface":"habebit","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall have"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b10-l424","source":"Audiit illa deus: dum texit Imaona Halaesus,","translation":"The god heard him: while Halaesus was covering Imaon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Audiit","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"deus","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"texit","lemma":"tego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was covering"},{"surface":"Imaona","lemma":"imaon","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Imaon"},{"surface":"Halaesus","lemma":"halaesus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Halaesus"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b10-l425","source":"Arcadio infelix telo dat pectus inermum.","translation":"the unlucky man gave his unarmored chest to an Arcadian spear.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arcadio","lemma":"arcadius","morphology":"adjective, dative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Arcadian"},{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"telo","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to a spear"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"pectus","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"inermum","lemma":"inermus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unarmored"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b10-l426","source":"At non caede viri tanta perterrita Lausus,","translation":"But Lausus, a great part of the war, does not let his columns","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"caede","lemma":"caedes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by killing"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"tanta","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"perterrita","lemma":"perterreo","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"panicked"},{"surface":"Lausus","lemma":"lausus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lausus"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b10-l427","source":"pars ingens belli, sinit agmina: primus Abantem","translation":"be panicked by so large a killing: first he does away with Abas,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pars","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"sinit","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"primus","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Abantem","lemma":"abas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Abas"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b10-l428","source":"oppositum interimit, pugnae nodumque moramque.","translation":"who stood in his path, the knot and the check of the fighting.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"oppositum","lemma":"oppono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"standing in his path"},{"surface":"interimit","lemma":"interimo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"does away with"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the fighting"},{"surface":"nodumque","lemma":"nodus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"knots"},{"surface":"moramque","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"check"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b10-l429","source":"Sternitur Arcadiae proles, sternuntur Etrusci","translation":"The children of Arcadia are laid low, the Etruscans are laid low,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sternitur","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid low"},{"surface":"Arcadiae","lemma":"arcadia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Arcadia"},{"surface":"proles","lemma":"proles","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"sternuntur","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid low"},{"surface":"Etrusci","lemma":"etruscus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Etruscans"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b10-l430","source":"et vos, O Grais imperdita corpora, Teucri.","translation":"and you as well, Teucrians, bodies the Greeks could not destroy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l430.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"O Grais imperdita corpora","title":"Bodies the Greeks could not destroy","body":"Imperditus, 'undestroyed', appears to be a word Vergil coined for this line. O Grais imperdita corpora, 'bodies the Greeks could not destroy', addresses the Trojans who survived ten years at Troy only to die here in Italy."}],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"Grais","lemma":"graius","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"by the Greeks"},{"surface":"imperdita","lemma":"imperditus","morphology":"adjective, vocative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"not destroyed"},{"surface":"corpora","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, vocative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"Teucri","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Teucrians"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b10-l431","source":"Agmina concurrunt ducibusque et viribus aequis.","translation":"The columns run together, with leaders equal and strength equal.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"concurrunt","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"ducibusque","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"viribus","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with strength"},{"surface":"aequis","lemma":"aequus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b10-l432","source":"Extremi addensent acies nec turba moveri","translation":"The rear ranks thicken the lines, and the press will not let","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Extremi","lemma":"extremus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"rear ranks"},{"surface":"addensent","lemma":"addenseo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"thicken"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"lines"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"turba","lemma":"turba","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"press"},{"surface":"moveri","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be moved"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b10-l433","source":"tela manusque sinit. Hinc Pallas instat et urget,","translation":"weapons or hands be moved. Here Pallas presses and drives,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"manusque","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"sinit","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"Hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"Pallas","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"instat","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses on"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"urget","lemma":"urgeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b10-l434","source":"hinc contra Lausus, nec multum discrepat aetas:","translation":"there against him Lausus, and there is little between them in age:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"Lausus","lemma":"lausus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lausus"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"multum","lemma":"multum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"discrepat","lemma":"discrepo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"differs"},{"surface":"aetas","lemma":"aetas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"age"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b10-l435","source":"egregii forma, sed quis Fortuna negarat","translation":"both outstanding in form, but Fortune had refused them both","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"egregii","lemma":"egregius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"outstanding"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"Fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"negarat","lemma":"nego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had refused"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b10-l436","source":"in patriam reditus. Ipsos concurrere passus","translation":"a way back into their own country. Still, the ruler of great Olympus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"patriam","lemma":"patria","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"reditus","lemma":"reditus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"way back"},{"surface":"Ipsos","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"concurrere","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to clash, meet"},{"surface":"passus","lemma":"patior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"allowed"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b10-l437","source":"haud tamen inter se magni regnator Olympi:","translation":"did not allow the two of them to meet each other:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"magni","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"regnator","lemma":"regnator","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"ruler"},{"surface":"Olympi","lemma":"olympus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b10-l438","source":"mox illos sua fata manent maiore sub hoste.","translation":"their own fates are waiting for them soon, under a greater enemy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l438.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"maiore sub hoste","title":"Under a greater enemy","body":"Maiore sub hoste, 'under a greater enemy', means each is fated to die at bigger hands than the other's: Pallas will fall to Turnus, about seventy lines on, and Lausus to Aeneas, about three hundred fifty lines on."}],"words":[{"surface":"mox","lemma":"mox","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"illos","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"manent","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are waiting for"},{"surface":"maiore","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"hoste","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"enemy"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b10-l439","source":"Interea soror alma monet succedere Lauso","translation":"Meanwhile his kindly sister warns Turnus to take Lausus' place,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"almus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"monet","lemma":"moneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"warns"},{"surface":"succedere","lemma":"succedo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to take the place"},{"surface":"Lauso","lemma":"lausus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"of Lausus"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b10-l440","source":"Turnum, qui volucri curru medium secat agmen.","translation":"and he cuts through the middle of the column in his flying car.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"volucri","lemma":"uolucer","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swift, flying"},{"surface":"curru","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his car"},{"surface":"medium","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"secat","lemma":"seco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"cuts"},{"surface":"agmen","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"column of troops"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b10-l441","source":"Ut vidit socios: “Tempus desistere pugnae;","translation":"When he saw his companions: “Time to leave off fighting;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vidit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"socios","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"Tempus","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"desistere","lemma":"desisto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to leave off"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of fighting"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b10-l442","source":"solus ego in Pallanta feror, soli mihi Pallas","translation":"I go against Pallas alone, Pallas is owed to me","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"solus","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Pallanta","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"feror","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"I go"},{"surface":"soli","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Pallas","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b10-l443","source":"debetur; cuperem ipse parens spectator adesset.”","translation":"alone; I could wish his father himself were standing here to watch.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l443.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"cuperem ipse parens spectator adesset","title":"A wish for an audience","body":"Cuperem is an imperfect subjunctive expressing an unfulfilled wish, 'I could wish'. Turnus uses it here to say he wishes Pallas' father were present, ipse parens spectator adesset, 'the father himself were here to watch'."}],"words":[{"surface":"debetur","lemma":"debeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is owed"},{"surface":"cuperem","lemma":"cupio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"could wish"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"parens","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"spectator","lemma":"spectator","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"onlooker"},{"surface":"adesset","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"were standing here"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b10-l444","source":"Haec ait, et socii cesserunt aequore iusso.","translation":"He speaks, and his companions withdrew from the field as ordered.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"socii","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"cesserunt","lemma":"cedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"withdrew"},{"surface":"aequore","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"iusso","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as ordered"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b10-l445","source":"At Rutulum abscessu iuvenis tum iussa superba","translation":"Then, at the Rutulians' going back, the young man, wondering","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Rutulum","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Rutulians"},{"surface":"abscessu","lemma":"abscessus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at the going back"},{"surface":"iuvenis","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"iussa","lemma":"iussum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"superba","lemma":"superbus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"arrogant"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b10-l446","source":"miratus stupet in Turno corpusque per ingens","translation":"at the arrogant order, stares at Turnus, and rolls his eyes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"miratus","lemma":"miror","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wondering at"},{"surface":"stupet","lemma":"stupeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stares"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"corpusque","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b10-l447","source":"lumina volvit obitque truci procul omnia visu","translation":"over that huge body, and takes it all in from far off with a grim look,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"lumina","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"volvit","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rolls"},{"surface":"obitque","lemma":"obeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes in"},{"surface":"truci","lemma":"trux","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"procul","lemma":"procul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"visu","lemma":"uisus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a look"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b10-l448","source":"talibus et dictis it contra dicta tyranni:","translation":"and goes against the tyrant's words with words like these:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"it","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"tyranni","lemma":"tyrannus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"tyrant"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b10-l449","source":"“Aut spoliis ego iam raptis laudabor opimis","translation":"“Either I shall have praise now for high spoils torn away,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"spoliis","lemma":"spolium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for spoils"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"raptis","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"torn away"},{"surface":"laudabor","lemma":"laudo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be praised"},{"surface":"opimis","lemma":"opimus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b10-l450","source":"aut leto insigni: sorti pater aequus utrique est.","translation":"or for a death worth notice: my father is level with either lot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"leto","lemma":"letum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for a death"},{"surface":"insigni","lemma":"insignis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"worth notice"},{"surface":"sorti","lemma":"sors","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"lot, fate"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"aequus","lemma":"aequus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"level"},{"surface":"utrique","lemma":"uterque","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b10-l451","source":"Tolle minas.” Fatus medium procedit in aequor.","translation":"Take your threats off.” He said it, and walks out into the open field.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tolle","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"take off"},{"surface":"minas","lemma":"minae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"threats"},{"surface":"Fatus","lemma":"for","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"medium","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"procedit","lemma":"procedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"walks out"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"aequor","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"field"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b10-l452","source":"Frigidus Arcadibus coit in praecordia sanguis.","translation":"The blood in the Arcadians' hearts gathers cold.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Frigidus","lemma":"frigidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"Arcadibus","lemma":"arcades","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the Arcadians'"},{"surface":"coit","lemma":"coeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathers"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"praecordia","lemma":"praecordia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"sanguis","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b10-l453","source":"Desiluit Turnus biiugis, pedes apparat ire","translation":"Turnus jumped down from his pair, and makes ready to come at him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Desiluit","lemma":"desilio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"jumped down"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"biiugis","lemma":"biiugus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from his pair"},{"surface":"pedes","lemma":"pedes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"apparat","lemma":"apparo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes ready"},{"surface":"ire","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b10-l454","source":"comminus; utque leo, specula cum vidit ab alta","translation":"on foot, hand to hand; and as a lion, when from a high lookout he has seen","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"comminus","lemma":"comminus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"hand to hand"},{"surface":"utque","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"leo","lemma":"leo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"specula","lemma":"specula","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from a lookout"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vidit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"has seen"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b10-l455","source":"stare procul campis meditantem in proelia taurum,","translation":"a bull standing far off on the plain, working himself up for a fight,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"stare","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"procul","lemma":"procul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"campis","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the plain"},{"surface":"meditantem","lemma":"meditor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"working himself up"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"a fight"},{"surface":"taurum","lemma":"taurus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"bull"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b10-l456","source":"advolat: haud alia est Turni venientis imago.","translation":"flies at him: the picture of Turnus coming on is no different.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"advolat","lemma":"aduolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies to"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"alia","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"venientis","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"imago","lemma":"imago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"picture"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b10-l457","source":"Hunc ubi contiguum missae fore credidit hastae,","translation":"When Pallas thought the man was within reach of a thrown spear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"contiguum","lemma":"contiguus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"within reach"},{"surface":"missae","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thrown"},{"surface":"fore","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, future infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"credidit","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"hastae","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b10-l458","source":"ire prior Pallas, siqua fors adiuvet ausum","translation":"he went first, in case luck might help a daring made","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ire","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"prior","lemma":"prior","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"former"},{"surface":"Pallas","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"siqua","lemma":"siquis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"if, if only"},{"surface":"fors","lemma":"fors","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"luck"},{"surface":"adiuvet","lemma":"adiuuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"helps"},{"surface":"ausum","lemma":"audeo","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the bold one"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b10-l459","source":"viribus imparibus, magnumque ita ad aethera fatur:","translation":"with unequal strength, and so he speaks to the great sky:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"viribus","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"imparibus","lemma":"impar","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unequal"},{"surface":"magnumque","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ita","lemma":"ita","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"aethera","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"fatur","lemma":"for","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b10-l460","source":"“Per patris hospitium et mensas, quas advena adisti,","translation":"“By my father's welcome and the table you came to as a stranger,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"patris","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"hospitium","lemma":"hospitium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mensas","lemma":"mensa","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"quas","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"advena","lemma":"aduena","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"as a stranger"},{"surface":"adisti","lemma":"adeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"came to"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b10-l461","source":"te precor, Alcide, coeptis ingentibus adsis.","translation":"I beg you, Alcides: stand by this huge thing I am beginning.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"precor","lemma":"precor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"I beg"},{"surface":"Alcide","lemma":"alcides","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Alcides"},{"surface":"coeptis","lemma":"coeptum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"this thing I am beginning"},{"surface":"ingentibus","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, dative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"adsis","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand by"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b10-l462","source":"Cernat semineci sibi me rapere arma cruenta","translation":"Let Turnus see me strip the bloody armor off him half dead,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cernat","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let him see"},{"surface":"semineci","lemma":"semineci","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"half dead"},{"surface":"sibi","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"rapere","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"strip"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"cruenta","lemma":"cruentus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bloody"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b10-l463","source":"victoremque ferant morientia lumina Turni.”","translation":"and let his dying eyes carry away the man who beat him.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"victoremque","lemma":"uictor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the man who beat him"},{"surface":"ferant","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"morientia","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"lumina","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b10-l464","source":"Audiit Alcides iuvenem magnumque sub imo","translation":"Alcides heard the young man, and pressed a great groan down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Audiit","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"Alcides","lemma":"alcides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Alcides"},{"surface":"iuvenem","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"magnumque","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"imo","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bottom of"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b10-l465","source":"corde premit gemitum lacrimasque effundit inanis.","translation":"under the bottom of his heart, and pours out useless tears.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"corde","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"premit","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses"},{"surface":"gemitum","lemma":"gemitus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"lacrimasque","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"effundit","lemma":"effundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pours out"},{"surface":"inanis","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"useless"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b10-l466","source":"Tum Genitor natum dictis adfatur amicis:","translation":"Then the Father speaks to his son with kind words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"natum","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"adfatur","lemma":"affor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks to"},{"surface":"amicis","lemma":"amicus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"kind"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b10-l467","source":"“Stat sua cuique dies, breve et inreparabile tempus","translation":"“Each man's day stands fixed, and the time of life is short","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Stat","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"cuique","lemma":"quisque","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"dies","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"breve","lemma":"breuis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"short"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inreparabile","lemma":"irreparabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"not to be had again"},{"surface":"tempus","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b10-l468","source":"omnibus est vitae: sed famam extendere factis,","translation":"and not to be had again, for everyone: but to stretch fame out by deeds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"omnibus","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vitae","lemma":"uita","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"famam","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"extendere","lemma":"extendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to stretch out"},{"surface":"factis","lemma":"factum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b10-l469","source":"hoc virtutis opus. Troiae sub moenibus altis","translation":"that is the work of courage. Under the high walls of Troy","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"virtutis","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"opus","lemma":"opus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"Troiae","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"moenibus","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"altis","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b10-l470","source":"tot nati cecidere deum; quin occidit una","translation":"so many sons of gods fell; and Sarpedon went down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"nati","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"cecidere","lemma":"cado","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"deum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"quin","lemma":"quin","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and indeed"},{"surface":"occidit","lemma":"occido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"went down"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"among them"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b10-l471","source":"Sarpedon, mea progenies. Etiam sua Turnum","translation":"among them, my own child. His own fates are calling","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sarpedon","lemma":"sarpedon","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Sarpedon"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"progenies","lemma":"progenies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"Etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b10-l472","source":"fata vocant, metasque dati pervenit ad aevi.”","translation":"Turnus too, and he has come to the turning post of the years he was given.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"vocant","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"metasque","lemma":"meta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"turning-post, goal"},{"surface":"dati","lemma":"do","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been given"},{"surface":"pervenit","lemma":"peruenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"aevi","lemma":"aeuum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of years"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b10-l473","source":"Sic ait atque oculos Rutulorum reicit arvis.","translation":"So he says, and turns his eyes back from the fields of the Rutulians.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"Rutulorum","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Rutulians"},{"surface":"reicit","lemma":"reicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throws back"},{"surface":"arvis","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b10-l474","source":"At Pallas magnis emittit viribus hastam","translation":"But Pallas lets the spear go with all his strength","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Pallas","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"magnis","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"with all"},{"surface":"emittit","lemma":"emitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lets go"},{"surface":"viribus","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with strength"},{"surface":"hastam","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b10-l475","source":"vaginaque cava fulgentem deripit ensem.","translation":"and drags the flashing sword out of its hollow scabbard.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vaginaque","lemma":"uagina","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from its scabbard"},{"surface":"cava","lemma":"cauus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"fulgentem","lemma":"fulgeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flashing"},{"surface":"deripit","lemma":"deripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drags out"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b10-l476","source":"Illa volans umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa","translation":"Flying, it lands where the topmost armor rises over the shoulder,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"volans","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"umeri","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"surgunt","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"tegmina","lemma":"tegimen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"coverings"},{"surface":"summa","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"topmost"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b10-l477","source":"incidit atque viam clipei molita per oras","translation":"and, forcing a way for itself through the rim of the shield,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incidit","lemma":"incido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"clipei","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"molita","lemma":"molior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having forced"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"oras","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"rim"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b10-l478","source":"tandem etiam magno strinxit de corpore Turni.","translation":"it grazed at last even the great body of Turnus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tandem","lemma":"tandem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"strinxit","lemma":"stringo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"grazed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b10-l479","source":"Hic Turnus ferro praefixum robur acuto","translation":"At this Turnus balances a long while an oak shaft tipped","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at this"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"praefixum","lemma":"praefigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"tipped"},{"surface":"robur","lemma":"robur","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"oak shaft"},{"surface":"acuto","lemma":"acutus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b10-l480","source":"in Pallanta diu librans iacit atque ita fatur:","translation":"with sharp iron, and throws it at Pallas, and speaks so:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Pallanta","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"diu","lemma":"diu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for a long time"},{"surface":"librans","lemma":"libro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"balancing"},{"surface":"iacit","lemma":"iacio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throws"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ita","lemma":"ita","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fatur","lemma":"for","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b10-l481","source":"“Adspice, num mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum.”","translation":"“Look and see whether our weapon is not the better at going through.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l481.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"penetrabile telum","title":"Better at going through","body":"Penetrabilis usually means 'able to be penetrated', but here it is active: 'able to penetrate'. Nostrum penetrabile telum, 'our weapon that goes through', claims Turnus' spear pierces better than the one that only grazed him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Adspice","lemma":"aspicio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"num","lemma":"num","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"mage","lemma":"mage","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nostrum","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"penetrabile","lemma":"penetrabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"good at going through"},{"surface":"telum","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"weapon"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b10-l482","source":"Dixerat; at clipeum, tot ferri terga, tot aeris,","translation":"He had spoken; and the shield, so many hides of iron, so many of bronze,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dixerat","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had spoken"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"clipeum","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"ferri","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of iron"},{"surface":"terga","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"hides"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"aeris","lemma":"aes","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of bronze"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b10-l483","source":"quem pellis totiens obeat circumdata tauri,","translation":"which so many wrappings of bull's leather go round and cover,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"pellis","lemma":"pellis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"totiens","lemma":"totiens","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so many times"},{"surface":"obeat","lemma":"obeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"goes round"},{"surface":"circumdata","lemma":"circumdo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wrapped around"},{"surface":"tauri","lemma":"taurus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"bull"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b10-l484","source":"vibranti cuspis medium transverberat ictu","translation":"the point drives clean through the middle of it with a quivering stroke","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vibranti","lemma":"uibro","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quivering"},{"surface":"cuspis","lemma":"cuspis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"medium","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the middle of it"},{"surface":"transverberat","lemma":"transuerbero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives through"},{"surface":"ictu","lemma":"ictus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a stroke"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b10-l485","source":"loricaeque moras et pectus perforat ingens.","translation":"and bores through the corselet's obstructions and the great chest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"loricaeque","lemma":"lorica","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"moras","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"obstructions"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pectus","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"perforat","lemma":"perforo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bores through"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b10-l486","source":"Ille rapit calidum frustra de volnere telum:","translation":"He tears the hot weapon out of the wound, and it is no use:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"rapit","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"calidum","lemma":"calidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"frustra","lemma":"frustra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no use"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"volnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"telum","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapon"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b10-l487","source":"una eademque via sanguis animusque sequuntur.","translation":"by one and the same road the blood and the life come after it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l487.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"una eademque via","title":"One and the same road","body":"Una eademque via, 'by one and the same path', describes the wound left by the spear as literally one road. Sanguis animusque sequuntur, 'blood and life follow' out along it once Pallas draws the weapon free."}],"words":[{"surface":"una","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"eademque","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"sanguis","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"animusque","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"life, spirit"},{"surface":"sequuntur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"come after"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b10-l488","source":"Corruit in volnus, sonitum super arma dedere","translation":"He falls forward onto the wound; the armor rang above him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Corruit","lemma":"corruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"falls forward"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"volnus","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"sonitum","lemma":"sonitus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"noise"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"above him"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"dedere","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b10-l489","source":"et terram hostilem moriens petit ore cruento.","translation":"and dying he makes for the enemy ground with his bloodied mouth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"terram","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"hostilem","lemma":"hostilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"moriens","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"petit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes for"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"cruento","lemma":"cruentus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bloodied"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b10-l490","source":"Quem Turnus super adsistens,","translation":"Turnus, standing over him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l490.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quem Turnus super adsistens","title":"An unfinished line","body":"This half-line is one of the roughly fifty-eight left unfinished in the poem, broken off after Turnus super adsistens, 'Turnus standing over him'. No further clause completes the hexameter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"adsistens","lemma":"assisto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"standing"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b10-l491","source":"“Arcades, haec,” inquit, “memores mea dicta referte","translation":"“Arcadians,” he says, “remember and take these words of mine back","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arcades","lemma":"arcades","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Arcadians"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"inquit","lemma":"inquam","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"memores","lemma":"memor","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"referte","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"carry back, report"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b10-l492","source":"Euandro; qualem meruit, Pallanta remitto.","translation":"to Evander: I send him Pallas as he had earned.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Euandro","lemma":"euander","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Evander"},{"surface":"qualem","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"meruit","lemma":"mereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"earned"},{"surface":"Pallanta","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"remitto","lemma":"remitto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"send back"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b10-l493","source":"Quisquis honos tumuli, quidquid solamen humandi est,","translation":"Whatever honor there is in a mound, whatever comfort in burial,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quisquis","lemma":"quisquis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"honos","lemma":"honos","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"tumuli","lemma":"tumulus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of a mound"},{"surface":"quidquid","lemma":"quisquis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"solamen","lemma":"solamen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"comfort"},{"surface":"humandi","lemma":"humo","morphology":"gerund, genitive","role":"possessive","gloss":"of burial"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b10-l494","source":"largior. Haud illi stabunt Aeneia parvo","translation":"I give freely. Aeneas' hospitality will not have cost him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"largior","lemma":"largior","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"I give freely"},{"surface":"Haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"stabunt","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will cost"},{"surface":"Aeneia","lemma":"aeneius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Aeneas's"},{"surface":"parvo","lemma":"paruus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"little"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b10-l495","source":"hospitia.” Et laevo pressit pede talia fatus","translation":"little.” And saying so he pressed with his left foot","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hospitia","lemma":"hospitium","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"hospitality"},{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"laevo","lemma":"laeuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"pressit","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"pede","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"fatus","lemma":"for","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having spoken"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b10-l496","source":"exanimem, rapiens immania pondera baltei","translation":"on the dead man, and tore away the huge weight of the sword-belt","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exanimem","lemma":"exanimis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the dead man"},{"surface":"rapiens","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tearing away"},{"surface":"immania","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"pondera","lemma":"pondus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weight"},{"surface":"baltei","lemma":"balteus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"belt"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b10-l497","source":"impressumque nefas, una sub nocte iugali","translation":"and the outrage stamped on it: a company of young men foully","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"impressumque","lemma":"imprimo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"stamped, impressed"},{"surface":"nefas","lemma":"nefas","morphology":"noun, indeclinable","role":"object","gloss":"outrage"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"nocte","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"iugali","lemma":"iugalis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wedding"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b10-l498","source":"caesa manus iuvenum foede thalamique cruenti,","translation":"butchered on one wedding night, and the bloodied bridal chambers,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"caesa","lemma":"caedo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"butchered"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"band, company"},{"surface":"iuvenum","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"foede","lemma":"foede","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"foully"},{"surface":"thalamique","lemma":"thalamus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"bridal chambers"},{"surface":"cruenti","lemma":"cruentus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bloodied"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b10-l499","source":"quae Clonus Eurytides multo caelaverat auro;","translation":"which Clonus, son of Eurytus, had chased in a great deal of gold;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Clonus","lemma":"clonus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Clonus"},{"surface":"Eurytides","lemma":"eurytides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"son of Eurytus"},{"surface":"multo","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"caelaverat","lemma":"caelo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had chased"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in gold"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b10-l500","source":"quo nunc Turnus ovat spolio gaudetque potitus.","translation":"and in that spoil Turnus now exults, and is glad to have won it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quo","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in that"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"ovat","lemma":"ouo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"exults"},{"surface":"spolio","lemma":"spolium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"of the spoil"},{"surface":"gaudetque","lemma":"gaudeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is glad"},{"surface":"potitus","lemma":"potior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having won"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b10-l501","source":"Nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futurae","translation":"Mind of man, knowing nothing of fate and of the lot to come,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l501.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Nescia mens hominum","title":"The poet interrupts","body":"Nescia mens hominum, 'mind of man, ignorant of fate', is a vocative: Vergil addresses the human mind directly, stepping outside the narrative. He then tells the reader what Turnus will later feel about this day, information Turnus himself does not yet have."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nescia","lemma":"nescius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"knowing nothing"},{"surface":"mens","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"hominum","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of man"},{"surface":"fati","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"sortisque","lemma":"sors","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the lot"},{"surface":"futurae","lemma":"futurus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"to come"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b10-l502","source":"et servare modum, rebus sublata secundis!","translation":"nor how to keep a measure when things go well and it is lifted up!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"servare","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to keep safe"},{"surface":"modum","lemma":"modus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"a measure"},{"surface":"rebus","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"sublata","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lifted up"},{"surface":"secundis","lemma":"secundus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"favorable"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b10-l503","source":"Turno tempus erit, magno cum optaverit emptum","translation":"The time will come for Turnus when he will wish he had bought","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for Turnus"},{"surface":"tempus","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"erit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"optaverit","lemma":"opto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will wish"},{"surface":"emptum","lemma":"emo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bought"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b10-l504","source":"intactum Pallanta et cum spolia ista diemque","translation":"Pallas untouched at a great price, and when he will hate","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"intactum","lemma":"intactus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"untouched"},{"surface":"Pallanta","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"spolia","lemma":"spolium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"spoils, booty"},{"surface":"ista","lemma":"iste","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"diemque","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"day","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b10-l505","source":"oderit. At socii multo gemitu lacrimisque","translation":"this spoil and this day. But his companions, crowded round him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"oderit","lemma":"odi","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will hate"},{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"socii","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"multo","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"gemitu","lemma":"gemitus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"lacrimisque","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"tears"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b10-l506","source":"impositum scuto referunt Pallanta frequentes.","translation":"with much groaning and many tears carry Pallas back, laid on a shield.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"impositum","lemma":"impono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"laid"},{"surface":"scuto","lemma":"scutum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"referunt","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring back"},{"surface":"Pallanta","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"frequentes","lemma":"frequens","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"crowded"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b10-l507","source":"O dolor atque decus magnum rediture parenti","translation":"O grief, O great glory going home to a father!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l507.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"O dolor atque decus magnum","title":"Grief and glory in one address","body":"O dolor atque decus magnum, 'o grief and great glory', is an apostrophe addressed to Pallas, naming him with two nouns side by side and choosing neither. Rediture parenti, 'about to return to his father', sends both words home to Evander."}],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"dolor","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"decus","lemma":"decus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular neuter","role":"address","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"magnum","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"rediture","lemma":"redeo","morphology":"participle, future active vocative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"going to return"},{"surface":"parenti","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to a father"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b10-l508","source":"haec te prima dies bello dedit, haec eadem aufert,","translation":"This first day gave you to the war, this same day takes you away,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l508.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"haec te prima dies ... haec eadem aufert","title":"His first day, and his last","body":"Haec prima dies dedit, 'this first day gave', and haec eadem aufert, 'this same day takes away', are matching halves of one line. Pallas has been a soldier for exactly one day when he dies."}],"words":[{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"dies","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the war"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"eadem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"aufert","lemma":"aufero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes away"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b10-l509","source":"cum tamen ingentis Rutulorum linquis acervos.","translation":"and even so you leave huge heaps of Rutulians behind you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"ingentis","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"Rutulorum","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Rutulians"},{"surface":"linquis","lemma":"linquo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"acervos","lemma":"aceruus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"heaps"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b10-l510","source":"Nec iam fama mali tanti, sed certior auctor","translation":"And now it is not rumor of so large a disaster but a surer witness","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"rumor"},{"surface":"mali","lemma":"malum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"disaster"},{"surface":"tanti","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so large"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"certior","lemma":"certus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"surer"},{"surface":"auctor","lemma":"auctor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"witness, informant"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b10-l511","source":"advolat Aeneae, tenui discrimine leti","translation":"that flies to Aeneas: his own men are a thin margin from death,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"advolat","lemma":"aduolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies to"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"tenui","lemma":"tenuis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"discrimine","lemma":"discrimen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by a margin"},{"surface":"leti","lemma":"letum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b10-l512","source":"esse suos, versis tempus succurrere Teucris.","translation":"it is time to help the Teucrians, who have been turned.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"esse","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"suos","lemma":"suus","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"his own men"},{"surface":"versis","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"routed, turned back"},{"surface":"tempus","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"succurrere","lemma":"succurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to help"},{"surface":"Teucris","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the Teucrians"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b10-l513","source":"Proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen","translation":"He mows down whatever is nearest with the sword, and burning drives","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Proxima","lemma":"proximus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"nearest"},{"surface":"quaeque","lemma":"quisque","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"metit","lemma":"meto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"mows down"},{"surface":"gladio","lemma":"gladius","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the sword"},{"surface":"latumque","lemma":"latus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"agmen","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"column"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b10-l514","source":"ardens limitem agit ferro, te, Turne, superbum","translation":"a broad lane with the iron through the column, looking for you, Turnus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ardens","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"limitem","lemma":"limes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"lane"},{"surface":"agit","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Turne","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"superbum","lemma":"superbus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b10-l515","source":"caede nova quaerens. Pallas, Euander, in ipsis","translation":"proud with your new killing. Pallas, Evander, are all of it","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"caede","lemma":"caedes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with killing"},{"surface":"nova","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"quaerens","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"looking for"},{"surface":"Pallas","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Euander","lemma":"euander","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Evander"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ipsis","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"very"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b10-l516","source":"omnia sunt oculis, mensae, quas advena primas","translation":"before his very eyes: the table he came first to as a stranger","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"mensae","lemma":"mensa","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"tables"},{"surface":"quas","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"advena","lemma":"aduena","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"as a stranger"},{"surface":"primas","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b10-l517","source":"tunc adiit, dextraeque datae. Sulmone creatos","translation":"in those days, and the right hands given. Four young men","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tunc","lemma":"tunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"adiit","lemma":"adeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"came to"},{"surface":"dextraeque","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"datae","lemma":"do","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"Sulmone","lemma":"sulmo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Sulmo"},{"surface":"creatos","lemma":"creo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"born"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b10-l518","source":"quattuor hic iuvenes, totidem, quos educat Ufens,","translation":"born of Sulmo, and as many that Ufens is bringing up,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quattuor","lemma":"quattuor","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"iuvenes","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"totidem","lemma":"totidem","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"educat","lemma":"educo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"brings up"},{"surface":"Ufens","lemma":"ufens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ufens"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b10-l519","source":"viventis rapit, inferias quos immolet umbris","translation":"he takes alive, to sacrifice them as offerings to the shades","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"viventis","lemma":"uiuo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"rapit","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"inferias","lemma":"inferiae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"offerings"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"immolet","lemma":"immolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"he might sacrifice"},{"surface":"umbris","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the shades"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b10-l520","source":"captivoque rogi perfundat sanguine flammas.","translation":"and to drench the flames of the pyre with a captive's blood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"captivoque","lemma":"captiuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"captive"},{"surface":"rogi","lemma":"rogus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"funeral pyre"},{"surface":"perfundat","lemma":"perfundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"he might drench"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"flammas","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"flames"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b10-l521","source":"Inde Mago procul infensam contenderat hastam.","translation":"Then he had aimed the hostile spear at Magus from a distance.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inde","lemma":"inde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Mago","lemma":"magus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"at Magus"},{"surface":"procul","lemma":"procul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from a distance"},{"surface":"infensam","lemma":"infensus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"contenderat","lemma":"contendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had aimed"},{"surface":"hastam","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b10-l522","source":"Ille astu subit ac tremibunda supervolat hasta,","translation":"The man ducks under it cleverly, and the spear flies quivering over,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"astu","lemma":"astus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cunning, cleverness"},{"surface":"subit","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"ducks under"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tremibunda","lemma":"tremebundus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quivering"},{"surface":"supervolat","lemma":"superuolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies over"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b10-l523","source":"et genua amplectens effatur talia supplex:","translation":"and he takes hold of Aeneas' knees and speaks like this, a suppliant:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"genua","lemma":"genu","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"amplectens","lemma":"amplector","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"embracing"},{"surface":"effatur","lemma":"effor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"supplex","lemma":"supplex","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"suppliant"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b10-l524","source":"“Per patrios manis et spes surgentis Iuli","translation":"“By your father's shade and by the hopes of Iulus growing up,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"patrios","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your father's"},{"surface":"manis","lemma":"manes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shade, spirit"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"spes","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"hopes"},{"surface":"surgentis","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"growing up"},{"surface":"Iuli","lemma":"iulus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Iulus"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b10-l525","source":"te precor, hanc animam serves natoque patrique.","translation":"I beg you: keep this life for a son and for a father.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"precor","lemma":"precor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"I beg"},{"surface":"hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"animam","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"serves","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"keep safe"},{"surface":"natoque","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"patrique","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b10-l526","source":"Est domus alta, iacent penitus defossa talenta","translation":"I have a tall house; deep in it lie buried talents","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tall, high"},{"surface":"iacent","lemma":"iaceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"penitus","lemma":"penitus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"deep within"},{"surface":"defossa","lemma":"defodio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"buried"},{"surface":"talenta","lemma":"talentum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"talents"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b10-l527","source":"caelati argenti, sunt auri pondera facti","translation":"of chased silver, and there are weights of gold that are mine,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"caelati","lemma":"caelo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"chased"},{"surface":"argenti","lemma":"argentum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"auri","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of gold"},{"surface":"pondera","lemma":"pondus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"weights"},{"surface":"facti","lemma":"facio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"worked"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b10-l528","source":"infectique mihi. Non hic victoria Teucrum","translation":"worked and unworked. The victory of the Teucrians does not turn","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"infectique","lemma":"infectus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unfinished, undone"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on this"},{"surface":"victoria","lemma":"uictoria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"Teucrum","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Teucrians"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b10-l529","source":"vertitur aut anima una dabit discrimina tanta.”","translation":"on this, nor will one life make so great a difference.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vertitur","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"turns"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"anima","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"dabit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will make"},{"surface":"discrimina","lemma":"discrimen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"difference"},{"surface":"tanta","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b10-l530","source":"Dixerat. Aeneas contra cui talia reddit:","translation":"He had spoken. Aeneas gives him back this in answer:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dixerat","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had spoken"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"reddit","lemma":"reddo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives back"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b10-l531","source":"“Argenti atque auri memoras quae multa talenta,","translation":"“The many talents of silver and gold that you tell over,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Argenti","lemma":"argentum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auri","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of gold"},{"surface":"memoras","lemma":"memoro","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you tell over"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"talenta","lemma":"talentum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"talents"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b10-l532","source":"natis parce tuis. Belli commercia Turnus","translation":"keep them for your sons. Turnus put an end to that trade","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l532.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Belli commercia","title":"The trade of war","body":"Commercium is commercial language, the term for the ordinary exchange of ransom for captives. Belli commercia, 'the commerce of war', names that practice, which Aeneas says Turnus ended when he killed Pallas."}],"words":[{"surface":"natis","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"parce","lemma":"parco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"keep for"},{"surface":"tuis","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"commercia","lemma":"commercium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"trade"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b10-l533","source":"sustulit ista prior iam tum Pallante perempto.","translation":"in war before you, back at the moment when Pallas was killed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sustulit","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"put an end to"},{"surface":"ista","lemma":"iste","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"prior","lemma":"prior","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"before you"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Pallante","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"perempto","lemma":"perimo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"killed"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b10-l534","source":"Hoc patris Anchisae manes, hoc sentit Iulus.”","translation":"This is what my father Anchises' shade thinks, and Iulus.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"patris","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Anchisae","lemma":"anchises","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Anchises'"},{"surface":"manes","lemma":"manes","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shade, spirit"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sentit","lemma":"sentio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"Iulus","lemma":"iulus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Iulus"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b10-l535","source":"Sic fatus galeam laeva tenet atque reflexa","translation":"So saying he takes hold of the helmet with his left hand and, bending back","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fatus","lemma":"for","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having said"},{"surface":"galeam","lemma":"galea","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"laeva","lemma":"laeuus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his left hand"},{"surface":"tenet","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"reflexa","lemma":"reflecto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bent back"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b10-l536","source":"cervice orantis capulo tenus applicat ensem.","translation":"the neck of the man still praying, drives the sword in up to the hilt.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cervice","lemma":"ceruix","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the neck"},{"surface":"orantis","lemma":"oro","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"capulo","lemma":"capulus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"hilt"},{"surface":"tenus","lemma":"tenus","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"up to, as far as"},{"surface":"applicat","lemma":"applico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives in"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b10-l537","source":"Nec procul Haemonides, Phoebi Triviaeque sacerdos,","translation":"Not far off was Haemonides, priest of Phoebus and of Trivia,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"procul","lemma":"procul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"Haemonides","lemma":"haemonides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Haemonides"},{"surface":"Phoebi","lemma":"phoebus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Triviaeque","lemma":"triuia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Trivia","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"sacerdos","lemma":"sacerdos","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"priest"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b10-l538","source":"infula cui sacra redimibat tempora vitta,","translation":"whose temples the holy headband bound with its fillet,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"infula","lemma":"infula","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"headband"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sacra","lemma":"sacer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"redimibat","lemma":"redimio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"tempora","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"vitta","lemma":"uitta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with its fillet"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b10-l539","source":"totus conlucens veste atque insignibus armis.","translation":"shining all over in his robe and his marked-out arms.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"totus","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all over"},{"surface":"conlucens","lemma":"colluceo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shining brightly"},{"surface":"veste","lemma":"uestis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his robe"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"insignibus","lemma":"insignis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"marked-out"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in arms"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b10-l540","source":"Quem congressus agit campo lapsumque superstans","translation":"Aeneas closes with him and drives him over the field, and standing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"congressus","lemma":"congredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having closed"},{"surface":"agit","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"campo","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"lapsumque","lemma":"labor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having fallen"},{"surface":"superstans","lemma":"supersto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"standing on top"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b10-l541","source":"immolat ingentique umbra tegit; arma Serestus","translation":"above him where he fell, sacrifices him and covers him with a huge shadow; Serestus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"immolat","lemma":"immolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sacrifices"},{"surface":"ingentique","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"umbra","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a shadow"},{"surface":"tegit","lemma":"tego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"covers"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"Serestus","lemma":"serestus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Serestus"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b10-l542","source":"lecta refert umeris, tibi, rex Gradive, tropaeum.","translation":"gathers the arms and carries them off on his shoulders, a trophy for you, king Gradivus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"lecta","lemma":"lego","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"refert","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries off"},{"surface":"umeris","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"Gradive","lemma":"gradiuus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Gradivus"},{"surface":"tropaeum","lemma":"tropaeum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"trophy"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b10-l543","source":"Instaurant acies Volcani stirpe creatus","translation":"Caeculus, born of Vulcan's stock, and Umbro coming down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Instaurant","lemma":"instauro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"set up again"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"lines"},{"surface":"Volcani","lemma":"uolcanus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Vulcan's"},{"surface":"stirpe","lemma":"stirps","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from stock"},{"surface":"creatus","lemma":"creo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"born"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b10-l544","source":"Caeculus et veniens Marsorum montibus Umbro:","translation":"out of the mountains of the Marsi, set the lines up again:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Caeculus","lemma":"caeculus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Caeculus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"veniens","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"Marsorum","lemma":"marsi","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Marsi"},{"surface":"montibus","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"Umbro","lemma":"umbro","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Umbro"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b10-l545","source":"Dardanides contra furit. Anxuris ense sinistram","translation":"the son of Dardanus rages at them. With his sword he had cut away","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardanides","lemma":"dardanides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"son of Dardanus"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at them"},{"surface":"furit","lemma":"furo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"Anxuris","lemma":"anxur","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Anxur"},{"surface":"ense","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"sinistram","lemma":"sinister","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"left hand"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b10-l546","source":"et totum clipei ferro deiecerat orbem;","translation":"Anxur's left hand, and with it the shield's entire round;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"totum","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"entire"},{"surface":"clipei","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"deiecerat","lemma":"deicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had cut away"},{"surface":"orbem","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"round"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b10-l547","source":"dixerat ille aliquid magnum vimque adfore verbo","translation":"the man had said something large and believed the word","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dixerat","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aliquid","lemma":"aliquis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"magnum","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"large"},{"surface":"vimque","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"adfore","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, future infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"verbo","lemma":"uerbum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"with the word"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b10-l548","source":"crediderat caeloque animum fortasse ferebat","translation":"would carry force with it, and perhaps was lifting his mind to heaven","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"crediderat","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"caeloque","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to heaven"},{"surface":"animum","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"fortasse","lemma":"fortasse","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ferebat","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was lifting"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b10-l549","source":"canitiemque sibi et longos promiserat annos:","translation":"and had promised himself white hair and a long stretch of years:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l549.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"canitiem sibi et longos promiserat annos","title":"He had promised himself old age","body":"Promiserat is pluperfect, 'had promised', for something already settled before the narrative reaches this point. Canitiem sibi et longos annos, 'gray hair and long years for himself', names what Anxur had counted on for his own future."}],"words":[{"surface":"canitiemque","lemma":"canities","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"white hair","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"sibi","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"longos","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"promiserat","lemma":"promitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"annos","lemma":"annus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b10-l550","source":"Tarquitus exultans contra fulgentibus armis,","translation":"Tarquitus, exulting against him in flashing armor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tarquitus","lemma":"tarquitus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Tarquitus"},{"surface":"exultans","lemma":"exsulto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"fulgentibus","lemma":"fulgeo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"flashing"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in armor"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b10-l551","source":"silvicolae Fauno Dryope quem nympha crearat,","translation":"whom the nymph Dryope had borne to Faunus of the woods,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"silvicolae","lemma":"siluicola","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the woods"},{"surface":"Fauno","lemma":"faunus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Faunus"},{"surface":"Dryope","lemma":"dryope","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Dryope"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"nympha","lemma":"nympha","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"nymph"},{"surface":"crearat","lemma":"creo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had borne"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b10-l552","source":"obvius ardenti sese obtulit. Ille reducta","translation":"threw himself in the burning man's way. Aeneas drew the spear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obvius","lemma":"obuius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"in the way"},{"surface":"ardenti","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"obtulit","lemma":"offero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"reducta","lemma":"reduco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawn back"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b10-l553","source":"loricam clipeique ingens onus impedit hasta;","translation":"back and pinned the corselet and the huge burden of the shield together;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"loricam","lemma":"lorica","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"clipeique","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"onus","lemma":"onus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"burden"},{"surface":"impedit","lemma":"impedio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pins together"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b10-l554","source":"tum caput orantis nequiquam et multa parantis","translation":"then, while the man begged for nothing and was getting ready to say","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"orantis","lemma":"oro","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"begging"},{"surface":"nequiquam","lemma":"nequiquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for nothing"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"parantis","lemma":"paro","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"getting ready"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b10-l555","source":"dicere deturbat terrae truncumque tepentem","translation":"a great deal, he knocks the head to the ground, and rolling the trunk","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dicere","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"deturbat","lemma":"deturbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"knocks off"},{"surface":"terrae","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"truncumque","lemma":"truncus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"trunk"},{"surface":"tepentem","lemma":"tepeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"being warm"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b10-l556","source":"provolvens super haec inimico pectore fatur:","translation":"over while it was still warm, says this out of an enemy heart:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"provolvens","lemma":"prouoluo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rolling forward or along"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"inimico","lemma":"inimicus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"out of a heart"},{"surface":"fatur","lemma":"for","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b10-l557","source":"“Istic nunc, metuende, iace. Non te optima mater","translation":"“Lie there now, you who were to be feared. No excellent mother","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Istic","lemma":"istic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"metuende","lemma":"metuo","morphology":"gerundive, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"to be feared"},{"surface":"iace","lemma":"iaceo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"optima","lemma":"optimus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"excellent"},{"surface":"mater","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b10-l558","source":"condet humi patrioque onerabit membra sepulchro:","translation":"will lay you in the ground or load your limbs into a father's tomb:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"condet","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will lay"},{"surface":"humi","lemma":"humus","morphology":"noun, locative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the ground"},{"surface":"patrioque","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"father's","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"onerabit","lemma":"onero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will load"},{"surface":"membra","lemma":"membrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"sepulchro","lemma":"sepulcrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"tomb"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b10-l559","source":"alitibus linquere feris aut gurgite mersum","translation":"you will be left for the birds of prey, or the water will carry you","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"alitibus","lemma":"ales","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for the birds"},{"surface":"linquere","lemma":"linquo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will be left"},{"surface":"feris","lemma":"ferus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"birds of prey"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"gurgite","lemma":"gurges","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the water"},{"surface":"mersum","lemma":"mergo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sunk, plunged"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b10-l560","source":"unda feret piscesque impasti volnera lambent.”","translation":"sunk in its flood, and hungry fish will lick your wounds.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"unda","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"feret","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will carry"},{"surface":"piscesque","lemma":"piscis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fish"},{"surface":"impasti","lemma":"impastus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hungry"},{"surface":"volnera","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wounds"},{"surface":"lambent","lemma":"lambo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will lick"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b10-l561","source":"Protinus Antaeum et Lucam, prima agmina Turni,","translation":"At once he runs down Antaeus and Lucas, the front of Turnus' columns,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Protinus","lemma":"protinus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Antaeum","lemma":"antaeus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Antaeus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Lucam","lemma":"lucas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Lucas"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b10-l562","source":"persequitur fortemque Numam fulvumque Camertem,","translation":"and brave Numa and tawny Camers,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"persequitur","lemma":"persequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs down"},{"surface":"fortemque","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Numam","lemma":"numa","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Numa"},{"surface":"fulvumque","lemma":"fuluus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tawny"},{"surface":"Camertem","lemma":"camers","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Camers"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b10-l563","source":"magnanimo Volcente satum, ditissimus agri","translation":"son of great-hearted Volcens, who was the richest in land","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"magnanimo","lemma":"magnanimus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Volcente","lemma":"uolcens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Volcens"},{"surface":"satum","lemma":"sero","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"born, sprung from"},{"surface":"ditissimus","lemma":"diues","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, superlative","role":"predicate","gloss":"richest"},{"surface":"agri","lemma":"ager","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b10-l564","source":"qui fuit Ausonidum et tacitis regnavit Amyclis.","translation":"of all the sons of Ausonia, and ruled in silent Amyclae.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Ausonidum","lemma":"ausonidae","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the sons of Ausonia"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tacitis","lemma":"tacitus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"regnavit","lemma":"regno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"ruled"},{"surface":"Amyclis","lemma":"amyclae","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Amyclae"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b10-l565","source":"Aegaeon qualis, centum cui bracchia dicunt","translation":"As Aegaeon, who they say had a hundred arms","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aegaeon","lemma":"aegaeon","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aegaeon"},{"surface":"qualis","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"centum","lemma":"centum","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"bracchia","lemma":"bracchium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"dicunt","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"say"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b10-l566","source":"centenasque manus, quinquaginta oribus ignem","translation":"and a hundred hands, and burned with fire out of fifty","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"centenasque","lemma":"centeni","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hundred"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"quinquaginta","lemma":"quinquaginta","morphology":"numeral, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"oribus","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mouths"},{"surface":"ignem","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b10-l567","source":"pectoribusque arsisse, Iovis cum fulmina contra","translation":"mouths and breasts, when against Jove's thunderbolts","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pectoribusque","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"out of breasts"},{"surface":"arsisse","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"had burned"},{"surface":"Iovis","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Jove's"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"fulmina","lemma":"fulmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"thunderbolts"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"against"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b10-l568","source":"tot paribus streperet clipeis, tot stringeret enses:","translation":"he clashed as many matched shields and drew as many swords:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"paribus","lemma":"par","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"matched"},{"surface":"streperet","lemma":"strepo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"he clashed"},{"surface":"clipeis","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with shields"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"stringeret","lemma":"stringo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"enses","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"swords"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b10-l569","source":"sic toto Aeneas desaevit in aequore victor,","translation":"so Aeneas rages himself out over the whole field as a victor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"toto","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"desaevit","lemma":"desaeuio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"aequore","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"victor","lemma":"uictor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"conqueror"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b10-l570","source":"ut semel intepuit mucro. Quin ecce Niphaei","translation":"once his sword-point had warmed. And look, he goes for Niphaeus'","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"semel","lemma":"semel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"intepuit","lemma":"intepesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had warmed"},{"surface":"mucro","lemma":"mucro","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sword-point"},{"surface":"Quin","lemma":"quin","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and indeed"},{"surface":"ecce","lemma":"ecce","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"Niphaei","lemma":"niphaeus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Niphaeus"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b10-l571","source":"quadriiugis in equos adversaque pectora tendit.","translation":"four-horse team, straight at the horses and their fronting chests.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quadriiugis","lemma":"quadriiugus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"four-horse"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"adversaque","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fronting"},{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"chests"},{"surface":"tendit","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes straight"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b10-l572","source":"Atque illi longe gradientem et dira frementem","translation":"And when they saw him striding at them from far off and roaring","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from far off"},{"surface":"gradientem","lemma":"gradior","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"striding"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dira","lemma":"dirus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"terrible things"},{"surface":"frementem","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"roaring"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b10-l573","source":"ut videre, metu versi retroque ruentes","translation":"terribly, they turned in fear, and running backwards","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"videre","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"metu","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"versi","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having turned"},{"surface":"retroque","lemma":"retro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"backwards"},{"surface":"ruentes","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"running"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b10-l574","source":"effunduntque ducem rapiuntque ad litora currus.","translation":"they spill their leader out and drag the chariot to the shore.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"effunduntque","lemma":"effundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"spill out"},{"surface":"ducem","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"rapiuntque","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drag","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"currus","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b10-l575","source":"Interea biiugis infert se Lucagus albis","translation":"Meanwhile Lucagus carries himself in behind a pair of white horses","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"biiugis","lemma":"biiugus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"behind a pair"},{"surface":"infert","lemma":"infero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries in"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Lucagus","lemma":"lucagus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lucagus"},{"surface":"albis","lemma":"albus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"white"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b10-l576","source":"in medios fraterque Liger; sed frater habenis","translation":"into the middle of them, and his brother Liger with him; but the brother","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"medios","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"fraterque","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"Liger","lemma":"liger","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Liger"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"frater","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"habenis","lemma":"habena","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the reins"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b10-l577","source":"flectit equos, strictum rotat acer Lucagus ensem.","translation":"turns the horses with the reins, and fierce Lucagus swings a drawn sword.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"flectit","lemma":"flecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turns"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"strictum","lemma":"stringo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"rotat","lemma":"roto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"swings"},{"surface":"acer","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"Lucagus","lemma":"lucagus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lucagus"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b10-l578","source":"Haud tulit Aeneas tanto fervore furentis:","translation":"Aeneas did not put up with them raging at such a heat:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tulit","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"put up with"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"fervore","lemma":"feruor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at heat"},{"surface":"furentis","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b10-l579","source":"inruit adversaque ingens apparuit hasta.","translation":"he charged in and loomed up huge, his spear against them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inruit","lemma":"irruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"charged in"},{"surface":"adversaque","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"against them"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"apparuit","lemma":"appareo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"loomed up"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b10-l580","source":"Cui Liger:","translation":"Liger to him:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"Liger","lemma":"liger","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Liger"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b10-l581","source":"“Non Diomedis equos nec currum cernis Achillis","translation":"“These are not Diomedes' horses you see, nor Achilles' car,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Diomedis","lemma":"diomedes","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Diomedes"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"currum","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"car"},{"surface":"cernis","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"Achillis","lemma":"achilles","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b10-l582","source":"aut Phrygiae campos: nunc belli finis et aevi","translation":"nor the plains of Phrygia: here in this country the end of the war","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Phrygiae","lemma":"phrygia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Phrygia"},{"surface":"campos","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"plains"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"finis","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aevi","lemma":"aeuum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of life"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b10-l583","source":"his dabitur terris.” Vesano talia late","translation":"and of your life will be given you.” Such words fly out wide","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"his","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"dabitur","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be given"},{"surface":"terris","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in this country"},{"surface":"Vesano","lemma":"uesanus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raving"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such words"},{"surface":"late","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"wide"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b10-l584","source":"dicta volant Ligeri. Sed non et Troïus heros","translation":"from Liger raving. But the Trojan hero does not","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"volant","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"Ligeri","lemma":"liger","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Liger"},{"surface":"Sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Troïus","lemma":"troius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"heros","lemma":"heros","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b10-l585","source":"dicta parat contra: iaculum nam torquet in hostem.","translation":"get words ready in answer: he hurls a javelin at his enemy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"parat","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gets ready"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"iaculum","lemma":"iaculum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"javelin"},{"surface":"nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"torquet","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurls"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"hostem","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"enemy"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b10-l586","source":"Lucagus ut pronus pendens in verbera telo","translation":"As Lucagus, leaning forward over the lash, was urging","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lucagus","lemma":"lucagus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lucagus"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"pronus","lemma":"pronus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"leaning forward"},{"surface":"pendens","lemma":"pendeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hanging over"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"verbera","lemma":"uerber","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"lash, whip"},{"surface":"telo","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the butt of his spear"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b10-l587","source":"admonuit biiugos, proiecto dum pede laevo","translation":"the pair on with the butt of his spear, and had thrust his left foot out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"admonuit","lemma":"admoneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was urging"},{"surface":"biiugos","lemma":"biiugus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"pair"},{"surface":"proiecto","lemma":"proicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thrust forward"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"pede","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"laevo","lemma":"laeuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"left"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b10-l588","source":"aptet se pugnae, subit oras hasta per imas","translation":"to set himself for the fight, the spear went in under the lowest rim","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aptet","lemma":"apto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"to set"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for the fight"},{"surface":"subit","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"went in"},{"surface":"oras","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"edges, rim"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"imas","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lowest"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b10-l589","source":"fulgentis clipei, tum laevum perforat inguen:","translation":"of the shining shield, and then bored through his left groin:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fulgentis","lemma":"fulgeo","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"clipei","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"laevum","lemma":"laeuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"perforat","lemma":"perforo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bores through"},{"surface":"inguen","lemma":"inguen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"groin"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b10-l590","source":"excussus curru moribundus volvitur arvis.","translation":"shaken out of the chariot, he rolls dying on the fields.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"excussus","lemma":"excutio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been shaken off"},{"surface":"curru","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"moribundus","lemma":"moribundus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"volvitur","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is rolled"},{"surface":"arvis","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b10-l591","source":"Quem pius Aeneas dictis adfatur amaris:","translation":"Dutiful Aeneas speaks to him with bitter words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"pius","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dutiful"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"adfatur","lemma":"affor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks to"},{"surface":"amaris","lemma":"amarus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b10-l592","source":"“Lucage, nulla tuos currus fuga segnis equorum","translation":"“Lucagus, it was no slow flight of horses that betrayed your car,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l592.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lucage","lemma":"lucagus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Lucagus"},{"surface":"nulla","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"tuos","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"currus","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"car"},{"surface":"fuga","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"segnis","lemma":"segnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"slow"},{"surface":"equorum","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b10-l593","source":"prodidit aut vanae vertere ex hostibus umbrae:","translation":"and no empty shadows turned them away from the enemy:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prodidit","lemma":"prodo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"betrayed"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and no"},{"surface":"vanae","lemma":"uanus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"vertere","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"hostibus","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"umbrae","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"shadow"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b10-l594","source":"ipse rotis saliens iuga deseris.” Haec ita fatus","translation":"you leave the yoke yourself, jumping off the wheels.” Saying this","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l594.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"iuga deseris","title":"A taunt about falling off","body":"Iuga deseris, 'you abandon the yoke', tells the dying charioteer that nothing frightened his team: he fell off it himself. Aeneas says this as a jeer over a dying man, in the manner of a Homeric taunt."}],"words":[{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"rotis","lemma":"rota","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wheels"},{"surface":"saliens","lemma":"salio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"leaping"},{"surface":"iuga","lemma":"iugum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"deseris","lemma":"desero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you leave"},{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ita","lemma":"ita","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fatus","lemma":"for","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having said"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b10-l595","source":"arripuit biiugos; frater tendebat inertis","translation":"he caught the pair by the head; the brother, fallen from the same","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arripuit","lemma":"arripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"biiugos","lemma":"biiugus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"pair"},{"surface":"frater","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"tendebat","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"inertis","lemma":"iners","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"helpless"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b10-l596","source":"infelix palmas, curru delapsus eodem:","translation":"chariot, was stretching out helpless hands, poor wretch:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"poor wretch"},{"surface":"palmas","lemma":"palma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"curru","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"delapsus","lemma":"delabor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"eodem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b10-l597","source":"“Per te, per qui te talem genuere parentes,","translation":"“By yourself, by the parents who made you the man you are,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"talem","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"genuere","lemma":"gigno","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"parentes","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b10-l598","source":"vir Troiane, sine hanc animam et miserere precantis.”","translation":"Trojan, let this life be, and pity me while I beg.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vir","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"Troiane","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"sine","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"let be"},{"surface":"hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"animam","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"miserere","lemma":"misereor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"have pity"},{"surface":"precantis","lemma":"precor","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"of me begging"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b10-l599","source":"Pluribus oranti Aeneas: “Haud talia dudum","translation":"To him praying at more length Aeneas: “These are not the words","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pluribus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"oranti","lemma":"oro","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to him praying"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"dudum","lemma":"dudum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"little while ago"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b10-l600","source":"dicta dabas. Morere et fratrem ne desere frater.”","translation":"you were giving a moment ago. Die, and let brother not desert brother.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l600.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fratrem ne desere frater","title":"The same word twice, two cases","body":"Fratrem, accusative, and frater, nominative, are the same word in two cases, framing the verb desere between them. Ne desere frater, 'brother, do not desert', addresses one dying man about the brother beside him."}],"words":[{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"dabas","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you were giving"},{"surface":"Morere","lemma":"morior","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fratrem","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"desere","lemma":"desero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"desert"},{"surface":"frater","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"brother"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b10-l601","source":"Tum latebras animae pectus mucrone recludit.","translation":"Then with his point he opens the chest, the hiding place of the life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l601.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"latebras animae","title":"The hiding place of the life","body":"Latebras animae, 'the hiding place of the breath-soul', names the chest as where the anima is kept. Pectus mucrone recludit, 'he opens the chest with his sword-point', describes the killing as reaching that hidden place."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"latebras","lemma":"latebra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hiding place"},{"surface":"animae","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the life"},{"surface":"pectus","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"mucrone","lemma":"mucro","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his point"},{"surface":"recludit","lemma":"recludo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"opens"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b10-l602","source":"Talia per campos edebat funera ductor","translation":"Such funerals the Dardan leader was dealing out over the fields,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l602.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"campos","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"edebat","lemma":"edo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was dealing out"},{"surface":"funera","lemma":"funus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"funerals"},{"surface":"ductor","lemma":"ductor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"leader"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b10-l603","source":"Dardanius, torrentis aquae vel turbinis atri","translation":"raging after the manner of a torrent of water or a black","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardanius","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the Dardan"},{"surface":"torrentis","lemma":"torrens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of a torrent"},{"surface":"aquae","lemma":"aqua","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"uel","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"turbinis","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"whirlwind"},{"surface":"atri","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b10-l604","source":"more furens. Tandem erumpunt et castra relinquunt","translation":"whirlwind. At last they break out and leave the camp,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"more","lemma":"mos","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"after the manner"},{"surface":"furens","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raging"},{"surface":"Tandem","lemma":"tandem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"erumpunt","lemma":"erumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"break out"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"castra","lemma":"castrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"relinquunt","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave behind"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b10-l605","source":"Ascanius puer et nequiquam obsessa iuventus.","translation":"the boy Ascanius and the young men who had been besieged for nothing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ascanius","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"puer","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nequiquam","lemma":"nequiquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for nothing"},{"surface":"obsessa","lemma":"obsideo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"besieged"},{"surface":"iuventus","lemma":"iuuentus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b10-l606","source":"Iunonem interea compellat Iuppiter ultro:","translation":"Meanwhile Jupiter, unprompted, speaks to Juno:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iunonem","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"compellat","lemma":"compello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks to"},{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"ultro","lemma":"ultro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"unprompted"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b10-l607","source":"“O germana mihi atque eadem gratissima coniunx,","translation":"“O my sister, and my most beloved wife as well,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l607.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"germana","lemma":"germanus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"eadem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"same, also"},{"surface":"gratissima","lemma":"gratus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"most beloved"},{"surface":"coniunx","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b10-l608","source":"ut rebare, Venus, nec te sententia fallit,","translation":"it is Venus, as you were thinking, and your judgment does not deceive you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"rebare","lemma":"reor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect indicative deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"were thinking"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sententia","lemma":"sententia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"judgment"},{"surface":"fallit","lemma":"fallo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"deceives"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b10-l609","source":"Troianas sustentat opes, non vivida bello","translation":"who holds the Trojan cause up; not a hand quick in war","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Troianas","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"sustentat","lemma":"sustento","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds up"},{"surface":"opes","lemma":"ops","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cause"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vivida","lemma":"uiuidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quick"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b10-l610","source":"dextra viris animusque ferox patiensque pericli.”","translation":"in these men, nor a fierce spirit that can carry danger.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"viris","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"animusque","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ferox","lemma":"ferox","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"patiensque","lemma":"patiens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"able to bear","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"pericli","lemma":"periculum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of danger"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b10-l611","source":"Cui Iuno summissa “Quid, o pulcherrime coniunx,","translation":"And Juno, subdued: “Why, most beautiful husband,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l611.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Iuno summissa","title":"Juno, subdued","body":"Summissa describes a lowered voice or a bent, submissive posture. Iuno summissa, 'Juno, subdued', marks a shift in how she speaks to Jupiter here, asking rather than demanding."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"summissa","lemma":"summitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"subdued, humbled"},{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"pulcherrime","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"most beautiful"},{"surface":"coniunx","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"husband"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b10-l612","source":"sollicitas aegram et tua tristia dicta timentem?","translation":"do you trouble a sick woman who is afraid of your bitter words?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l612.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sollicitas","lemma":"sollicito","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you trouble"},{"surface":"aegram","lemma":"aeger","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sick"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"tristia","lemma":"tristis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bitter, sad"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"timentem","lemma":"timeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"afraid"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b10-l613","source":"Si mihi, quae quondam fuerat quamque esse decebat,","translation":"If I had in your love the power that once was mine,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l613.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"quondam","lemma":"quondam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"fuerat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had been"},{"surface":"quamque","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"esse","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"decebat","lemma":"decet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was fitting"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b10-l614","source":"vis in amore foret, non hoc mihi namque negares,","translation":"and that it would be fitting for me to have, you would not deny me this,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l614.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vis","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"amore","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"foret","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"negares","lemma":"nego","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would deny"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b10-l615","source":"omnipotens, quin et pugnae subducere Turnum","translation":"all-powerful as you are: that I might draw Turnus out of the fighting","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"omnipotens","lemma":"omnipotens","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all-powerful"},{"surface":"quin","lemma":"quin","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"from the fighting"},{"surface":"subducere","lemma":"subduco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to draw out"},{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b10-l616","source":"et Dauno possem incolumem servare parenti.","translation":"and keep him safe for his father Daunus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l616.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Dauno","lemma":"daunus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Daunus"},{"surface":"possem","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was able"},{"surface":"incolumem","lemma":"incolumis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"servare","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to keep safe"},{"surface":"parenti","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b10-l617","source":"Nunc pereat Teucrisque pio det sanguine poenas.","translation":"As it is, let him die, and pay the Teucrians the price in dutiful blood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l617.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pio ... sanguine","title":"Dutiful blood","body":"Pius, elsewhere the poem's standing epithet for Aeneas, describes Turnus' blood here instead: pio sanguine, 'with dutiful blood'. Juno applies to her own favorite the word usually reserved for his enemy."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"pereat","lemma":"pereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him die"},{"surface":"Teucrisque","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the Teucrians"},{"surface":"pio","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dutiful"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him pay"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"poenas","lemma":"poena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"price"}]},{"number":618,"label":"618","id":"b10-l618","source":"Ille tamen nostra deducit origine nomen","translation":"And yet he draws his name down out of our own stock,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l618.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"nostra","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our own"},{"surface":"deducit","lemma":"deduco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leads down"},{"surface":"origine","lemma":"origo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"out of stock"},{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"name"}]},{"number":619,"label":"619","id":"b10-l619","source":"Pilumnusque illi quartus pater et tua larga","translation":"and Pilumnus is his fourth father, and he has often loaded","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l619.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pilumnusque","lemma":"pilumnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pilumnus"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"quartus","lemma":"quartus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fourth"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"larga","lemma":"largus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"open"}]},{"number":620,"label":"620","id":"b10-l620","source":"saepe manu multisque oneravit limina donis.”","translation":"your threshold with an open hand and with many gifts.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l620.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"saepe","lemma":"saepe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"multisque","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"oneravit","lemma":"onero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"loaded"},{"surface":"limina","lemma":"limen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"thresholds"},{"surface":"donis","lemma":"donum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":621,"label":"621","id":"b10-l621","source":"Cui rex aetherii breviter sic fatur Olympi:","translation":"The king of ethereal Olympus speaks to her briefly, so:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l621.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"aetherii","lemma":"aetherius","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ethereal"},{"surface":"breviter","lemma":"breuiter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"briefly"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fatur","lemma":"for","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"},{"surface":"Olympi","lemma":"olympus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":622,"label":"622","id":"b10-l622","source":"“Si mora praesentis leti tempusque caduco","translation":"“If what is being asked is a delay of the death at hand, a stretch of time","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l622.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"mora","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"praesentis","lemma":"praesens","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"at hand"},{"surface":"leti","lemma":"letum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"tempusque","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"stretch of time"},{"surface":"caduco","lemma":"caducus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"due to fall"}]},{"number":623,"label":"623","id":"b10-l623","source":"oratur iuveni meque hoc ita ponere sentis,","translation":"for a young man due to fall, and you understand that I lay it down so,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l623.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"oratur","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is being asked"},{"surface":"iuveni","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"meque","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ita","lemma":"ita","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ponere","lemma":"pono","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"lay down"},{"surface":"sentis","lemma":"sentio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you understand"}]},{"number":624,"label":"624","id":"b10-l624","source":"tolle fuga Turnum atque instantibus eripe fatis","translation":"carry Turnus off in flight and pull him out of the fates pressing on him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l624.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tolle","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"carry off"},{"surface":"fuga","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"instantibus","lemma":"insto","morphology":"participle, present active dative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"pressing on"},{"surface":"eripe","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"pull out"},{"surface":"fatis","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"from the fates"}]},{"number":625,"label":"625","id":"b10-l625","source":"hactenus indulsisse vacat. Sin altior istis","translation":"there is room to indulge you that far. But if some deeper pardon","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l625.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hactenus","lemma":"hactenus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"that far"},{"surface":"indulsisse","lemma":"indulgeo","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to have indulged"},{"surface":"vacat","lemma":"uaco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is room"},{"surface":"Sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but if"},{"surface":"altior","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"deeper"},{"surface":"istis","lemma":"iste","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"these of yours"}]},{"number":626,"label":"626","id":"b10-l626","source":"sub precibus venia ulla latet totumque moveri","translation":"lies hidden under these prayers of yours, and you think the whole war","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l626.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"precibus","lemma":"prex","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"prayers"},{"surface":"venia","lemma":"uenia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"pardon"},{"surface":"ulla","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"latet","lemma":"lateo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies hidden"},{"surface":"totumque","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"moveri","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be moved"}]},{"number":627,"label":"627","id":"b10-l627","source":"mutarive putas bellum, spes pascis inanis.”","translation":"can be moved or changed, you are feeding empty hopes.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l627.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mutarive","lemma":"muto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be changed"},{"surface":"putas","lemma":"puto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"bellum","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"spes","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hopes"},{"surface":"pascis","lemma":"pasco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"feed"},{"surface":"inanis","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"}]},{"number":628,"label":"628","id":"b10-l628","source":"Et Iuno adlacrimans: “Quid si, quae voce gravaris,","translation":"And Juno, weeping: “What if what you grudge me with your voice","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l628.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"adlacrimans","lemma":"allacrimo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"gravaris","lemma":"grauo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you grudge"}]},{"number":629,"label":"629","id":"b10-l629","source":"mente dares atque haec Turno rata vita maneret?","translation":"you were to give with your mind, and this life stood confirmed for Turnus?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l629.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"dares","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you were to give"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for Turnus"},{"surface":"rata","lemma":"ratus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"confirmed"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"uita","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"maneret","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"}]},{"number":630,"label":"630","id":"b10-l630","source":"Nunc manet insontem gravis exitus, aut ego veri","translation":"As it is a heavy end waits for a man who has done nothing, or I am carried","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l630.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"insontem","title":"A legal word for not guilty","body":"Insons is a legal term meaning 'not guilty, blameless'. Juno calls Turnus insontem, arguing that whatever happens to him, he has committed no crime that would justify it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"manet","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"waits"},{"surface":"insontem","lemma":"insons","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"one who has done nothing"},{"surface":"gravis","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"exitus","lemma":"exitus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"veri","lemma":"uerus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"truth"}]},{"number":631,"label":"631","id":"b10-l631","source":"vana feror. Quod ut O potius formidine falsa","translation":"wide of the truth. How I would rather be tricked by a false","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l631.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vana","lemma":"uanus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wide of the mark"},{"surface":"feror","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"am carried"},{"surface":"Quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"potius","lemma":"potius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"formidine","lemma":"formido","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by fear"},{"surface":"falsa","lemma":"falsus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"false"}]},{"number":632,"label":"632","id":"b10-l632","source":"ludar et in melius tua, qui potes, orsa reflectas!”","translation":"fear, and that you, who are able, bent what you have begun toward better!”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l632.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ludar","lemma":"ludo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive passive","role":"command","gloss":"be tricked"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"melius","lemma":"melius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the better"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"potes","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"be able"},{"surface":"orsa","lemma":"ordior","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what you have begun"},{"surface":"reflectas","lemma":"reflecto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bent"}]},{"number":633,"label":"633","id":"b10-l633","source":"Haec ubi dicta dedit, caelo se protinus alto","translation":"When she had said this she threw herself down at once out of high","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l633.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"out of heaven"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"protinus","lemma":"protinus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":634,"label":"634","id":"b10-l634","source":"misit, agens hiemem nimbo succincta per auras,","translation":"heaven, girt in a rain cloud and driving a storm through the air,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l634.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"misit","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"agens","lemma":"ago","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driving"},{"surface":"hiemem","lemma":"hiems","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"nimbo","lemma":"nimbus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"storm cloud"},{"surface":"succincta","lemma":"succingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"girded, girt"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":635,"label":"635","id":"b10-l635","source":"Iliacamque aciem et Laurentia castra petivit.","translation":"and made for the Ilian line and the Laurentine camp.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l635.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iliacamque","lemma":"iliacus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Ilian","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"aciem","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"battle line"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Laurentia","lemma":"laurens","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Laurentine"},{"surface":"castra","lemma":"castra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"camp"},{"surface":"petivit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"made for"}]},{"number":636,"label":"636","id":"b10-l636","source":"Tum dea nube cava tenuem sine viribus umbram","translation":"Then out of hollow cloud the goddess shapes a thin, strengthless shade","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l636.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"nube","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"cava","lemma":"cauus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"tenuem","lemma":"tenuis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"sine","lemma":"sine","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"viribus","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"umbram","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"shade"}]},{"number":637,"label":"637","id":"b10-l637","source":"in faciem Aeneae, visu mirabile monstrum,","translation":"into the likeness of Aeneas, a marvel to see, a prodigy,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l637.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"faciem","lemma":"facies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"likeness"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Aeneas"},{"surface":"visu","lemma":"uisus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"mirabile","lemma":"mirabilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"marvelous, wonderful"},{"surface":"monstrum","lemma":"monstrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"a prodigy"}]},{"number":638,"label":"638","id":"b10-l638","source":"Dardaniis ornat telis clipeumque iubasque","translation":"and fits it out with Dardan weapons, and copies the shield","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l638.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardaniis","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardan"},{"surface":"ornat","lemma":"orno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fits out"},{"surface":"telis","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"clipeumque","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"iubasque","lemma":"iuba","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"plumes"}]},{"number":639,"label":"639","id":"b10-l639","source":"divini adsimulat capitis, dat inania verba,","translation":"and the plumes of that godlike head; gives it empty words,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l639.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"divini","lemma":"diuinus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"adsimulat","lemma":"adsimulo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"copies"},{"surface":"capitis","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"inania","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"verba","lemma":"uerbum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":640,"label":"640","id":"b10-l640","source":"dat sine mente sonum gressusque effingit euntis,","translation":"gives it sound without mind, and molds the walk of a man going,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l640.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"sine","lemma":"sine","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"sonum","lemma":"sonus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"gressusque","lemma":"gressus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"walk"},{"surface":"effingit","lemma":"effingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"molds"},{"surface":"euntis","lemma":"eo","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":641,"label":"641","id":"b10-l641","source":"morte obita qualis fama est volitare figuras","translation":"such as they say the shapes are that flit about when death has been met,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l641.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"morte","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"obita","lemma":"obeo","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"qualis","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"report"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"volitare","lemma":"uolito","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to fly about"},{"surface":"figuras","lemma":"figura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"shapes"}]},{"number":642,"label":"642","id":"b10-l642","source":"aut quae sopitos deludunt somnia sensus.","translation":"or such as the dreams that cheat the senses in sleep.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l642.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sopitos","lemma":"sopio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been caused to sleep"},{"surface":"deludunt","lemma":"deludo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"cheat"},{"surface":"somnia","lemma":"somnium","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"dreams"},{"surface":"sensus","lemma":"sensus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"senses"}]},{"number":643,"label":"643","id":"b10-l643","source":"At primas laeta ante acies exsultat imago","translation":"And the image dances out in front of the first ranks, pleased with itself,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l643.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"primas","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"laeta","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pleased with itself"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"exsultat","lemma":"exsulto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"dances out"},{"surface":"imago","lemma":"imago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"image"}]},{"number":644,"label":"644","id":"b10-l644","source":"inritatque virum telis et voce lacessit.","translation":"and provokes the man with weapons and challenges him with a voice.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l644.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inritatque","lemma":"irrito","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"provokes"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"telis","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"lacessit","lemma":"lacesso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"challenges"}]},{"number":645,"label":"645","id":"b10-l645","source":"Instat cui Turnus stridentemque eminus hastam","translation":"Turnus comes at it and throws a whistling spear from a distance:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l645.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Instat","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes at"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"at it"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"stridentemque","lemma":"strideo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whistling"},{"surface":"eminus","lemma":"eminus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from a distance"},{"surface":"hastam","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":646,"label":"646","id":"b10-l646","source":"conicit: illa dato vertit vestigia tergo.","translation":"the image turns its back on him and takes its steps away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l646.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conicit","lemma":"conicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throws"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dato","lemma":"do","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been given"},{"surface":"vertit","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turns"},{"surface":"vestigia","lemma":"uestigium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"tergo","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"its back"}]},{"number":647,"label":"647","id":"b10-l647","source":"Tum vero Aenean aversum ut cedere Turnus","translation":"Then, when Turnus really believed that Aeneas had turned","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l647.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"aversum","lemma":"auersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"turned away"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"cedere","lemma":"cedo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"was giving ground"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":648,"label":"648","id":"b10-l648","source":"credidit atque animo spem turbidus hausit inanem,","translation":"and was giving ground, and in his confusion drank an empty hope into his mind,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l648.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"credidit","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"animo","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"into his mind"},{"surface":"spem","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"turbidus","lemma":"turbidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in confusion"},{"surface":"hausit","lemma":"haurio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drank in"},{"surface":"inanem","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"}]},{"number":649,"label":"649","id":"b10-l649","source":"“Quo fugis, Aenea? Thalamos ne desere pactos;","translation":"“Where are you running, Aeneas? Do not walk out on the marriage you bargained for;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l649.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Thalamos ne desere pactos","title":"A taunt about a broken engagement","body":"Ne desere pactos thalamos, 'do not abandon the marriage you agreed to', is an imperative addressed to a phantom image of Aeneas. Turnus taunts it over Lavinia, the betrothal at the center of the war."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"fugis","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you running"},{"surface":"Aenea","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Thalamos","lemma":"thalamus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"desere","lemma":"desero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"walk out on"},{"surface":"pactos","lemma":"pactus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"agreed upon, appointed"}]},{"number":650,"label":"650","id":"b10-l650","source":"hac dabitur dextra tellus quaesita per undas.”","translation":"this right hand will give you the land you looked for over the water.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l650.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hac","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"dabitur","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be given"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"tellus","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"quaesita","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"looked for"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"undas","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":651,"label":"651","id":"b10-l651","source":"Talia vociferans sequitur strictumque coruscat","translation":"Bawling this he follows, and flashes the drawn","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l651.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"vociferans","lemma":"uociferor","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"sequitur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows"},{"surface":"strictumque","lemma":"stringo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"coruscat","lemma":"corusco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flashes"}]},{"number":652,"label":"652","id":"b10-l652","source":"mucronem nec ferre videt sua gaudia ventos.","translation":"blade, and does not see that the winds are carrying his joy off.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l652.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mucronem","lemma":"mucro","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"blade"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ferre","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to carry"},{"surface":"videt","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"gaudia","lemma":"gaudium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"ventos","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":653,"label":"653","id":"b10-l653","source":"Forte ratis celsi coniuncta crepidine saxi","translation":"As it happened a ship stood moored to the ledge of a high rock","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l653.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Forte","lemma":"forte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as it happened"},{"surface":"ratis","lemma":"ratis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"celsi","lemma":"celsus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"coniuncta","lemma":"coniungo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"joined"},{"surface":"crepidine","lemma":"crepido","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to the ledge"},{"surface":"saxi","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"rock"}]},{"number":654,"label":"654","id":"b10-l654","source":"expositis stabat scalis et ponte parato,","translation":"with its ladders put out and its gangway ready,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l654.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"expositis","lemma":"expono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"put out"},{"surface":"stabat","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"scalis","lemma":"scalae","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ladders"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ponte","lemma":"pons","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"its gangway"},{"surface":"parato","lemma":"paro","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ready"}]},{"number":655,"label":"655","id":"b10-l655","source":"qua rex Clusinis advectus Osinius oris.","translation":"the ship king Osinius had come in from the shores of Clusium.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l655.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"Clusinis","lemma":"clusinus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Clusium"},{"surface":"advectus","lemma":"adueho","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been carried"},{"surface":"Osinius","lemma":"osinius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Osinius"},{"surface":"oris","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shores"}]},{"number":656,"label":"656","id":"b10-l656","source":"Huc sese trepida Aeneae fugientis imago","translation":"Into it the trembling image of Aeneas in flight","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l656.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"into it"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"trepida","lemma":"trepidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"fugientis","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"imago","lemma":"imago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"image"}]},{"number":657,"label":"657","id":"b10-l657","source":"conicit in latebras; nec Turnus segnior instat","translation":"throws itself, to hide; and Turnus presses on no more slowly,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l657.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conicit","lemma":"conicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throws"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"latebras","lemma":"latebra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"hiding"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"segnior","lemma":"segnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"slower"},{"surface":"instat","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses on"}]},{"number":658,"label":"658","id":"b10-l658","source":"exsuperatque moras et pontis transilit altos.","translation":"gets over everything in his way and leaps the high gangway.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l658.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exsuperatque","lemma":"exsupero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gets over"},{"surface":"moras","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"obstacles"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pontis","lemma":"pons","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gangways"},{"surface":"transilit","lemma":"transilio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaps"},{"surface":"altos","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":659,"label":"659","id":"b10-l659","source":"Vix proram attigerat: rumpit Saturnia funem","translation":"He had barely touched the prow: Saturn's daughter breaks the cable","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l659.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vix","lemma":"uix","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"proram","lemma":"prora","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"prow"},{"surface":"attigerat","lemma":"attingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"rumpit","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"breaks"},{"surface":"Saturnia","lemma":"saturnia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Saturn's daughter"},{"surface":"funem","lemma":"funis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"cable"}]},{"number":660,"label":"660","id":"b10-l660","source":"avolsamque rapit revoluta per aequora navem.","translation":"and sweeps the ship, torn loose, away over the running water.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l660.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"avolsamque","lemma":"auello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"torn away"},{"surface":"rapit","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sweeps"},{"surface":"revoluta","lemma":"reuoluo","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"navem","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":661,"label":"661","id":"b10-l661","source":"Illum autem Aeneas absentem in praelia poscit;","translation":"And Aeneas is calling the absent man out to fight;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l661.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Illum","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"autem","lemma":"autem","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"absentem","lemma":"absens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"absent"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"praelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fight"},{"surface":"poscit","lemma":"posco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls out"}]},{"number":662,"label":"662","id":"b10-l662","source":"obvia multa virum demittit corpora morti:","translation":"he sends down to death the many bodies of men who meet him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l662.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obvia","lemma":"obuius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"who meet him"},{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"demittit","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sends down"},{"surface":"corpora","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"morti","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":663,"label":"663","id":"b10-l663","source":"tum levis haud ultra latebras iam quaerit imago,","translation":"then the light image looks for a hiding place no longer,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l663.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"levis","lemma":"leuis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ultra","lemma":"ultra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"latebras","lemma":"latebra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hiding place"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"quaerit","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"looks for"},{"surface":"imago","lemma":"imago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"image"}]},{"number":664,"label":"664","id":"b10-l664","source":"sed sublime volans nubi se immiscuit atrae.","translation":"but flying up high mixed itself into a black cloud.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l664.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"sublime","lemma":"sublimis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"volans","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"nubi","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"immiscuit","lemma":"immisceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"mixed in"},{"surface":"atrae","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":665,"label":"665","id":"b10-l665","source":"Cum Turnum medio interea fert aequore turbo.","translation":"And meanwhile the squall carries Turnus out over the middle of the sea.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l665.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"medio","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"fert","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"aequore","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"turbo","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"squall"}]},{"number":666,"label":"666","id":"b10-l666","source":"Respicit ignarus rerum ingratusque salutis","translation":"He looks back, knowing nothing of what has happened, thankless for being saved,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l666.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Respicit","lemma":"respicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"looks back"},{"surface":"ignarus","lemma":"ignarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"knowing nothing"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of what has happened"},{"surface":"ingratusque","lemma":"ingratus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thankless"},{"surface":"salutis","lemma":"salus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"for being saved"}]},{"number":667,"label":"667","id":"b10-l667","source":"et duplicis cum voce manus ad sidera tendit:","translation":"and lifts both hands to the stars along with his voice:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l667.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"duplicis","lemma":"duplex","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"tendit","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifts"}]},{"number":668,"label":"668","id":"b10-l668","source":"“Omnipotens genitor, tanton me crimine dignum","translation":"“All-powerful father, did you hold me worthy of so great","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l668.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tanton me crimine dignum","title":"What was my crime","body":"Tanton crimine dignum, 'worthy of so great a crime', assumes that being carried off the battlefield is itself a punishment. Turnus asks his father Jupiter what wrong he committed to deserve it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Omnipotens","lemma":"omnipotens","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all-powerful"},{"surface":"genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"tanton","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"crimine","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"of a charge"},{"surface":"dignum","lemma":"dignus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"worthy"}]},{"number":669,"label":"669","id":"b10-l669","source":"duxisti et talis voluisti expendere poenas?","translation":"a charge, and want me to pay a penalty like this?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l669.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"duxisti","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did you hold"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"talis","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"voluisti","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did you want"},{"surface":"expendere","lemma":"expendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to pay"},{"surface":"poenas","lemma":"poena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"a penalty"}]},{"number":670,"label":"670","id":"b10-l670","source":"Quo feror? Unde abii? Quae me fuga quemve reducit?","translation":"Where am I being carried? Where did I leave? What flight is this, and what man does it bring back?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l670.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"feror","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"am carried"},{"surface":"Unde","lemma":"unde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"abii","lemma":"abeo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did I leave"},{"surface":"Quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"fuga","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"quemve","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"what man"},{"surface":"reducit","lemma":"reduco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leads back"}]},{"number":671,"label":"671","id":"b10-l671","source":"Laurentisne iterum muros aut castra videbo?","translation":"Shall I see the Laurentine walls again, or the camp?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l671.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Laurentisne","lemma":"laurens","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Laurentine","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"iterum","lemma":"iterum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"castra","lemma":"castrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"camps"},{"surface":"videbo","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will see"}]},{"number":672,"label":"672","id":"b10-l672","source":"Quid manus illa virum, qui me meaque arma secuti?","translation":"What of that band of men who followed me and my arms?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l672.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"what of"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"band"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"meaque","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"secuti","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":673,"label":"673","id":"b10-l673","source":"Quosne (nefas) omnis infanda in morte reliqui","translation":"All of whom (the horror of it) I have left in an unspeakable death,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l673.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"nefas","title":"A word for what breaks divine law","body":"Nefas names an act forbidden by divine law, something that should not even be spoken of. Turnus uses it of himself in parenthesis, for having left his men to die, the same word Vergil used at line 497 for the crime shown on Pallas' belt."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quosne","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"nefas","lemma":"nefas","morphology":"noun, indeclinable","role":"apposition","gloss":"horror"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"infanda","lemma":"infandus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unspeakable"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"reliqui","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"}]},{"number":674,"label":"674","id":"b10-l674","source":"et nunc palantis video gemitumque cadentum","translation":"and now I see them straying, and I am hearing the groan","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l674.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"palantis","lemma":"palor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"straying"},{"surface":"video","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"gemitumque","lemma":"gemitus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"cadentum","lemma":"cado","morphology":"participle, present active genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"falling"}]},{"number":675,"label":"675","id":"b10-l675","source":"accipio! Quid ago? Aut quae iam satis ima dehiscat","translation":"of men falling! What am I doing? Or what earth could gape now","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l675.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"accipio","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am hearing"},{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ago","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"am I doing"},{"surface":"Aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"satis","lemma":"satis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"ima","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"dehiscat","lemma":"dehisco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"could gape"}]},{"number":676,"label":"676","id":"b10-l676","source":"terra mihi? Vos O potius miserescite venti:","translation":"deep enough for me? You winds, rather, have pity:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l676.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, vocative plural","role":"address","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"potius","lemma":"potius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"miserescite","lemma":"miseresco","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"have compassion"},{"surface":"venti","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":677,"label":"677","id":"b10-l677","source":"in rupes, in saxa, volens vos Turnus adoro","translation":"onto the cliffs, onto the rocks, willingly I, Turnus, beg you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l677.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"rupes","lemma":"rupes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"cliffs"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"saxa","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"volens","lemma":"uolens","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"willingly"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"adoro","lemma":"adoro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg, entreat"}]},{"number":678,"label":"678","id":"b10-l678","source":"ferte ratem saevisque vadis immittite Syrtis,","translation":"carry the ship and drive it into the cruel shoals of the Syrtes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l678.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ferte","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"ratem","lemma":"ratis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"saevisque","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"vadis","lemma":"uadum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"shoals"},{"surface":"immittite","lemma":"immitto","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"Syrtis","lemma":"syrtis","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Syrtes"}]},{"number":679,"label":"679","id":"b10-l679","source":"quo neque me Rutuli nec conscia fama sequatur.”","translation":"where neither the Rutulians nor a report that knows me can follow.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l679.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"neither","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Rutuli","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"conscia","lemma":"conscius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that knows"},{"surface":"fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"report"},{"surface":"sequatur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows"}]},{"number":680,"label":"680","id":"b10-l680","source":"Haec memorans animo nunc huc, nunc fluctuat illuc,","translation":"Turning this over he wavers in his mind, now this way, now that:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l680.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"memorans","lemma":"memoro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"turning over"},{"surface":"animo","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"fluctuat","lemma":"fluctuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wavers"},{"surface":"illuc","lemma":"illuc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"that way"}]},{"number":681,"label":"681","id":"b10-l681","source":"an sese mucrone ob tantum dedecus amens","translation":"whether, out of his senses at so great a disgrace, to put himself","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l681.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"an sese mucrone ... induat","title":"Two ways out, in one sentence","body":"An ... induat sets up an indirect question with two alternatives joined by an: whether to fall on his own sword or swim back into the enemy's weapons. Both options in this sentence end the same way, in death."}],"words":[{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mucrone","lemma":"mucro","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the point"},{"surface":"ob","lemma":"ob","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"tantum","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"dedecus","lemma":"dedecus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"disgrace"},{"surface":"amens","lemma":"amens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"out of his senses"}]},{"number":682,"label":"682","id":"b10-l682","source":"induat et crudum per costas exigat ensem,","translation":"on the point and drive the raw sword through his ribs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l682.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"induat","lemma":"induo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"puts on"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"crudum","lemma":"crudus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raw"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"costas","lemma":"costa","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"ribs"},{"surface":"exigat","lemma":"exigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"should drive"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"}]},{"number":683,"label":"683","id":"b10-l683","source":"fluctibus an iaciat mediis et litora nando","translation":"or to throw himself into the middle of the waves and make for the curving","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l683.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fluctibus","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"iaciat","lemma":"iacio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"throws"},{"surface":"mediis","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"nando","lemma":"no","morphology":"gerund, ablative","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"swimming"}]},{"number":684,"label":"684","id":"b10-l684","source":"curva petat Teucrumque iterum se reddat in arma.","translation":"shore by swimming, and give himself back into Teucrian weapons.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l684.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"curva","lemma":"curuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"curves"},{"surface":"petat","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"should make for"},{"surface":"Teucrumque","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Teucrians"},{"surface":"iterum","lemma":"iterum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"reddat","lemma":"reddo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"should give back"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"weapons"}]},{"number":685,"label":"685","id":"b10-l685","source":"Ter conatus utramque viam, ter maxima Iuno","translation":"Three times he tried each way; three times greatest Juno","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l685.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ter","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"conatus","lemma":"conor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having tried"},{"surface":"utramque","lemma":"uterque","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"ter","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"maxima","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"greatest"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"}]},{"number":686,"label":"686","id":"b10-l686","source":"continuit iuvenemque animi miserata repressit.","translation":"held him, and pitying him in her heart pushed the young man back.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l686.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"continuit","lemma":"contineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"iuvenemque","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"animi","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"in her heart"},{"surface":"miserata","lemma":"miseror","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pitying"},{"surface":"repressit","lemma":"reprimo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed back"}]},{"number":687,"label":"687","id":"b10-l687","source":"Labitur alta secans fluctuque aestuque secundo","translation":"The ship glides, cutting the deep, with wave and tide behind her,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l687.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Labitur","lemma":"labor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"glides"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"secans","lemma":"seco","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cutting"},{"surface":"fluctuque","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"aestuque","lemma":"aestus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with tide"},{"surface":"secundo","lemma":"secundus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"favoring"}]},{"number":688,"label":"688","id":"b10-l688","source":"et patris antiquam Dauni defertur ad urbem.","translation":"and is carried down to the ancient city of his father Daunus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l688.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"patris","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"antiquam","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"Dauni","lemma":"daunus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Daunus"},{"surface":"defertur","lemma":"defero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is carried"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":689,"label":"689","id":"b10-l689","source":"At Iovis interea monitis Mezentius ardens","translation":"But meanwhile Mezentius, burning, at Jove's prompting","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l689.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Iovis","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Jove's"},{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"monitis","lemma":"monitum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at prompting"},{"surface":"Mezentius","lemma":"mezentius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mezentius"},{"surface":"ardens","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"}]},{"number":690,"label":"690","id":"b10-l690","source":"succedit pugnae Teucrosque invadit ovantis.","translation":"takes over the fight and falls on the Teucrians in their triumph.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l690.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"succedit","lemma":"succedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes over"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the fight"},{"surface":"Teucrosque","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"invadit","lemma":"inuado","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"falls on"},{"surface":"ovantis","lemma":"ouo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"triumphing"}]},{"number":691,"label":"691","id":"b10-l691","source":"Concurrunt Tyrrhenae acies atque omnibus uni,","translation":"The Tyrrhenian lines run together, and on one man, on one man only,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l691.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Concurrunt","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"Tyrrhenae","lemma":"tyrrhenus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrrhenian"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"lines"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"omnibus","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"uni","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":692,"label":"692","id":"b10-l692","source":"uni odiisque viro telisque frequentibus instant.","translation":"they all press with their hatreds and their crowding weapons.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l692.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"uni","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"odiisque","lemma":"odium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with hatreds","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"viro","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"telisque","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with weapons"},{"surface":"frequentibus","lemma":"frequens","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"crowding"},{"surface":"instant","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"press on"}]},{"number":693,"label":"693","id":"b10-l693","source":"Ille velut rupes, vastum quae prodit in aequor,","translation":"He, like a crag that runs out into the waste of the sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l693.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"velut rupes","title":"The rock in the sea","body":"Velut rupes, 'like a cliff', introduces a simile comparing Mezentius to a headland taking the weather while an army attacks him. It is the first thing Vergil says about him in this book, describing endurance rather than force."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"velut","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"rupes","lemma":"rupes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"a crag"},{"surface":"vastum","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"waste"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"prodit","lemma":"prodeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"runs out"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"aequor","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":694,"label":"694","id":"b10-l694","source":"obvia ventorum furiis expostaque ponto,","translation":"left to the fury of the winds and open to the deep,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l694.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obvia","lemma":"obuius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"exposed"},{"surface":"ventorum","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"furiis","lemma":"furia","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the fury"},{"surface":"expostaque","lemma":"expono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"ponto","lemma":"pontus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the deep"}]},{"number":695,"label":"695","id":"b10-l695","source":"vim cunctam atque minas perfert caelique marisque,","translation":"carries all the violence and the threats of sky and of sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l695.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vim","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"violence"},{"surface":"cunctam","lemma":"cunctus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"minas","lemma":"minae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"threats"},{"surface":"perfert","lemma":"perfero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries through"},{"surface":"caelique","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of sky"},{"surface":"marisque","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"seas"}]},{"number":696,"label":"696","id":"b10-l696","source":"ipsa immota manens, prolem Dolichaonis Hebrum","translation":"and itself stays unmoved: he lays Hebrus, Dolichaon's son,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l696.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"immota","lemma":"immotus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unmoved"},{"surface":"manens","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"staying"},{"surface":"prolem","lemma":"proles","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Dolichaonis","lemma":"dolichaon","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Dolichaon"},{"surface":"Hebrum","lemma":"hebrus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Hebrus"}]},{"number":697,"label":"697","id":"b10-l697","source":"sternit humi, cum quo Latagum Palmumque fugacem,","translation":"on the ground, and with him Latagus, and Palmus who was running away,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l697.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sternit","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lays low"},{"surface":"humi","lemma":"humus","morphology":"noun, locative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the ground"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Latagum","lemma":"latagus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Latagus"},{"surface":"Palmumque","lemma":"palmus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Palmus"},{"surface":"fugacem","lemma":"fugax","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"running away"}]},{"number":698,"label":"698","id":"b10-l698","source":"sed Latagum saxo atque ingenti fragmine montis","translation":"but Latagus he catches full in the front of the face with a rock,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l698.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Latagum","lemma":"latagus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Latagus"},{"surface":"saxo","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a rock"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ingenti","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"fragmine","lemma":"fragmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a broken piece"},{"surface":"montis","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mountain"}]},{"number":699,"label":"699","id":"b10-l699","source":"occupat os faciemque adversam, poplite Palmum","translation":"a huge broken piece of a mountain; Palmus he leaves to roll","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l699.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"occupat","lemma":"occupo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"catches"},{"surface":"os","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"faciemque","lemma":"facies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"face","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"adversam","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"front of"},{"surface":"poplite","lemma":"poples","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"knee"},{"surface":"Palmum","lemma":"palmus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Palmus"}]},{"number":700,"label":"700","id":"b10-l700","source":"succiso volvi segnem sinit, armaque Lauso","translation":"slow, cut behind the knee, and gives the armor to Lausus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l700.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"succiso","lemma":"succido","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been cut down"},{"surface":"volvi","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be rolled"},{"surface":"segnem","lemma":"segnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"slow"},{"surface":"sinit","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"armaque","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"Lauso","lemma":"lausus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Lausus"}]},{"number":701,"label":"701","id":"b10-l701","source":"donat habere umeris et vertice figere cristas.","translation":"to have on his shoulders and to fix the crest on his head.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l701.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"donat","lemma":"dono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"habere","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"umeris","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"head, crown"},{"surface":"figere","lemma":"figo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to fix"},{"surface":"cristas","lemma":"crista","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"crests"}]},{"number":702,"label":"702","id":"b10-l702","source":"Nec non Euanthen Phrygium Paridisque Mimanta","translation":"And Euanthes the Phrygian too, and Mimas, Paris' age-mate","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l702.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Euanthen","lemma":"euanthes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Euanthes"},{"surface":"Phrygium","lemma":"phrygius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Phrygian"},{"surface":"Paridisque","lemma":"paris","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"Mimanta","lemma":"mimas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Mimas"}]},{"number":703,"label":"703","id":"b10-l703","source":"aequalem comitemque, una quem nocte Theano","translation":"and companion, whom Theano bore on one night","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l703.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aequalem","lemma":"aequalis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"age-mate"},{"surface":"comitemque","lemma":"comes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"nocte","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"Theano","lemma":"theano","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Theano"}]},{"number":704,"label":"704","id":"b10-l704","source":"in lucem genitori Amyco dedit et face praegnans","translation":"into the light for his father Amycus, the same night when","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l704.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"lucem","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"genitori","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Amyco","lemma":"amycus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Amycus"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"face","lemma":"fax","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a torch"},{"surface":"praegnans","lemma":"praegnans","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pregnant"}]},{"number":705,"label":"705","id":"b10-l705","source":"Cisseis regina Parin creat: urbe paterna","translation":"queen Cisseis, pregnant with a torch, gave birth to Paris: Paris","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l705.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cisseis","lemma":"cisseis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Cisseis"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"Parin","lemma":"paris","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"creat","lemma":"creo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave birth to"},{"surface":"urbe","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"paterna","lemma":"paternus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"father's"}]},{"number":706,"label":"706","id":"b10-l706","source":"occubat, ignarum Laurens habet ora Mimanta.","translation":"lies dead in his father's city; the Laurentine shore holds Mimas, a stranger.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l706.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"occubat","lemma":"occubo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ignarum","lemma":"ignarus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"a stranger"},{"surface":"Laurens","lemma":"laurens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Laurentine"},{"surface":"habet","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"Mimanta","lemma":"mimas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Mimas"}]},{"number":707,"label":"707","id":"b10-l707","source":"Ac velut ille canum morsu de montibus altis","translation":"And as a boar driven down out of the high mountains by the bite","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l707.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"velut ille ... aper","title":"The boar in the nets","body":"This simile compares Mezentius to a boar that has lived safely for years before being cornered by hunters who will not approach it closely. It gives the animal a history, the mountain, marsh and reed bed that sheltered it, before describing the hunt itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"velut","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"canum","lemma":"canis","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"morsu","lemma":"morsus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bite"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"montibus","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"altis","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":708,"label":"708","id":"b10-l708","source":"actus aper, multos Vesulus quem pinifer annos","translation":"of the dogs, whom pine-bearing Vesulus has sheltered many years","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l708.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"actus","lemma":"ago","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been driven"},{"surface":"aper","lemma":"aper","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"boar"},{"surface":"multos","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"Vesulus","lemma":"uesulus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Vesulus"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"pinifer","lemma":"pinifer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pine-bearing"},{"surface":"annos","lemma":"annus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":709,"label":"709","id":"b10-l709","source":"defendit multosve palus Laurentia, silva","translation":"or the Laurentine marsh many years, feeding in a wood","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l709.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"defendit","lemma":"defendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"has sheltered"},{"surface":"multosve","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"palus","lemma":"palus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"marsh"},{"surface":"Laurentia","lemma":"laurens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Laurentine"},{"surface":"silva","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a wood"}]},{"number":710,"label":"710","id":"b10-l710","source":"pastus harundinea, postquam inter retia ventum est,","translation":"of reeds, once he has come in among the nets,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l710.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pastus","lemma":"pascor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"feeding"},{"surface":"harundinea","lemma":"harundineus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"reed-, of reeds"},{"surface":"postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"retia","lemma":"rete","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"nets"},{"surface":"ventum","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":711,"label":"711","id":"b10-l711","source":"substitit infremuitque ferox et inhorruit armos,","translation":"halts, and snarls savagely, and bristles up at the shoulders,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l711.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"substitit","lemma":"subsisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"infremuitque","lemma":"infremo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"snarls"},{"surface":"ferox","lemma":"ferox","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"savagely"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inhorruit","lemma":"inhorresco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood on end"},{"surface":"armos","lemma":"armus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":712,"label":"712","id":"b10-l712","source":"nec cuiquam irasci propiusque accedere virtus,","translation":"and no one has courage enough to be angry with him or come nearer,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l712.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and no"},{"surface":"cuiquam","lemma":"quisquam","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"irasci","lemma":"irascor","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be angry"},{"surface":"propiusque","lemma":"propius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"near, nearly","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"accedere","lemma":"accedo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"virtus","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"courage"}]},{"number":713,"label":"713","id":"b10-l713","source":"sed iaculis tutisque procul clamoribus instant;","translation":"but they press him with javelins and with safe shouting from far off;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l713.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"iaculis","lemma":"iaculum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"javelins"},{"surface":"tutisque","lemma":"tutus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"procul","lemma":"procul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"clamoribus","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shouts"},{"surface":"instant","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"press on"}]},{"number":717,"label":"717","id":"b10-l717","source":"ille autem impavidus partis cunctatur in omnis,","translation":"and he, unafraid, takes his time turning every way,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l717.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"autem","lemma":"autem","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"impavidus","lemma":"impauidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unafraid"},{"surface":"partis","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"directions"},{"surface":"cunctatur","lemma":"cunctor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes his time"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":718,"label":"718","id":"b10-l718","source":"dentibus infrendens, et tergo decutit hastas.","translation":"grinding his teeth, and shakes the spears off his back:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l718.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dentibus","lemma":"dens","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"teeth"},{"surface":"infrendens","lemma":"infrendeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gnashing the teeth"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tergo","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"off his back"},{"surface":"decutit","lemma":"decutio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shakes"},{"surface":"hastas","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spears"}]},{"number":714,"label":"714","id":"b10-l714","source":"haud aliter, iustae quibus est Mezentius irae,","translation":"no otherwise, among those who have a just anger against Mezentius,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l714.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"713, 717, 718, 714","title":"Four lines out of order","body":"This edition prints lines 717 and 718 before 714 through 716, following an editor's judgment that the manuscript order was disturbed here. We keep the line numbers as the edition gives them, which is why the numbering appears to jump."}],"words":[{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aliter","lemma":"aliter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"iustae","lemma":"iustus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Mezentius","lemma":"mezentius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"Mezentius"},{"surface":"irae","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"anger"}]},{"number":715,"label":"715","id":"b10-l715","source":"non ulli est animus stricto concurrere ferro;","translation":"not one has the heart to close with him and a drawn blade;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l715.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ulli","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for one"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"animus","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"stricto","lemma":"stringo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"concurrere","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to close"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":716,"label":"716","id":"b10-l716","source":"missilibus longe et vasto clamore lacessunt:","translation":"they provoke him from a distance with missiles and with huge shouting:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l716.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"missilibus","lemma":"missilis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with missiles"},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from a distance"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vasto","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"clamore","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"lacessunt","lemma":"lacesso","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"provoke"}]},{"number":719,"label":"719","id":"b10-l719","source":"Venerat antiquis Corythi de finibus Acron,","translation":"Acron had come from the ancient borders of Corythus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l719.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Venerat","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"antiquis","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"Corythi","lemma":"corythus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Corythus"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"finibus","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"ends"},{"surface":"Acron","lemma":"acron","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Acron"}]},{"number":720,"label":"720","id":"b10-l720","source":"Graius homo, infectos linquens profugus hymenaeos.","translation":"a Greek, leaving his marriage unmade, an exile.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l720.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Graius","lemma":"graius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Greek"},{"surface":"homo","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"infectos","lemma":"infectus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unfinished, undone"},{"surface":"linquens","lemma":"linquo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"profugus","lemma":"profugus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"exile"},{"surface":"hymenaeos","lemma":"hymenaeus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"marriage"}]},{"number":721,"label":"721","id":"b10-l721","source":"Hunc ubi miscentem longe media agmina vidit,","translation":"When Mezentius saw him far off, stirring the middle of the ranks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l721.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"miscentem","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stirring"},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle of"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"vidit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":722,"label":"722","id":"b10-l722","source":"purpureum pennis et pactae coniugis ostro:","translation":"purple with plumes and with the crimson of his promised wife:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l722.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"purpureum","lemma":"purpureus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"pennis","lemma":"penna","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with plumes"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pactae","lemma":"pactus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"agreed upon, appointed"},{"surface":"coniugis","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"ostro","lemma":"ostrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with crimson"}]},{"number":723,"label":"723","id":"b10-l723","source":"impastus stabula alta leo ceu saepe peragrans,","translation":"as an unfed lion, ranging often through the deep sheepfolds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l723.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"impastus ... leo","title":"The unfed lion","body":"Impastus leo, 'an unfed lion', introduces a second simile immediately after the boar comparison. It shifts the image from an animal resisting attack to one already feeding on its prey."}],"words":[{"surface":"impastus","lemma":"impastus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unfed"},{"surface":"stabula","lemma":"stabulum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sheepfolds"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"leo","lemma":"leo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"ceu","lemma":"ceu","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"saepe","lemma":"saepe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"peragrans","lemma":"peragro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ranging over"}]},{"number":724,"label":"724","id":"b10-l724","source":"suadet enim vesana fames, si forte fugacem","translation":"since a mad hunger drives him, if by chance he has caught sight","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l724.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"suadet","lemma":"suadeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"vesana","lemma":"uesanus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"fames","lemma":"fames","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hunger"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"forte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by chance"},{"surface":"fugacem","lemma":"fugax","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"running"}]},{"number":725,"label":"725","id":"b10-l725","source":"conspexit capream aut surgentem in cornua cervum,","translation":"of a she-goat running or a stag rising into his antlers,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l725.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conspexit","lemma":"conspicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"catched sight of"},{"surface":"capream","lemma":"caprea","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"she-goat"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"surgentem","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cornua","lemma":"cornu","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"antlers"},{"surface":"cervum","lemma":"ceruus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"stag"}]},{"number":726,"label":"726","id":"b10-l726","source":"gaudet, hians immane, comasque arrexit et haeret","translation":"is glad, and gapes hugely, and has raised his mane, and clings","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l726.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"gaudet","lemma":"gaudeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is glad"},{"surface":"hians","lemma":"hio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gaping"},{"surface":"immane","lemma":"immane","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"hugely"},{"surface":"comasque","lemma":"coma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"mane"},{"surface":"arrexit","lemma":"arrigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised, bristled up"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"haeret","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"clings"}]},{"number":727,"label":"727","id":"b10-l727","source":"visceribus super accumbens, lavit inproba taeter","translation":"to the entrails, lying over them, while the foul gore washes his shameless","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l727.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"visceribus","lemma":"uiscus","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the entrails"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"over them"},{"surface":"accumbens","lemma":"accumbo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"lavit","lemma":"lauo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"washes"},{"surface":"inproba","lemma":"improbus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"shameless"},{"surface":"taeter","lemma":"taeter","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"foul"}]},{"number":728,"label":"728","id":"b10-l728","source":"ora cruor,","translation":"mouth,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l728.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ora cruor","title":"The simile breaks off","body":"This line breaks off after ora cruor, 'blood, its mouth', one of the poem's unfinished half-lines. No further clause completes the sentence, and we leave it stopped as Vergil did."}],"words":[{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"mouths"},{"surface":"cruor","lemma":"cruor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"gore"}]},{"number":729,"label":"729","id":"b10-l729","source":"sic ruit in densos alacer Mezentius hostis.","translation":"so Mezentius runs eagerly into the packed enemy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l729.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ruit","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"densos","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"packed"},{"surface":"alacer","lemma":"alacer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"eagerly"},{"surface":"Mezentius","lemma":"mezentius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mezentius"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"enemy"}]},{"number":730,"label":"730","id":"b10-l730","source":"Sternitur infelix Acron et calcibus atram","translation":"Unlucky Acron is laid low, and drums the black ground","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l730.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sternitur","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is laid low"},{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"Acron","lemma":"acron","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Acron"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"calcibus","lemma":"calx","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"heels"},{"surface":"atram","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":731,"label":"731","id":"b10-l731","source":"tundit humum expirans infractaque tela cruentat.","translation":"with his heels as he dies, and bloodies the broken weapons.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l731.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tundit","lemma":"tundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drums"},{"surface":"humum","lemma":"humus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"expirans","lemma":"exspiro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"breathing out"},{"surface":"infractaque","lemma":"infractus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"broken"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"cruentat","lemma":"cruento","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bloodies"}]},{"number":732,"label":"732","id":"b10-l732","source":"Atque idem fugientem haud est dignatus Oroden","translation":"And that same man did not think it worth his while to lay Orodes low","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l732.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"idem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"fugientem","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"dignatus","lemma":"dignor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"thought worth"},{"surface":"Oroden","lemma":"orodes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Orodes"}]},{"number":733,"label":"733","id":"b10-l733","source":"sternere nec iacta caecum dare cuspide volnus:","translation":"as he ran, or to give a blind wound with a thrown point:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l733.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sternere","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to lay low"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"iacta","lemma":"iacio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been thrown"},{"surface":"caecum","lemma":"caecus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"blind"},{"surface":"dare","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"cuspide","lemma":"cuspis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"volnus","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wound"}]},{"number":734,"label":"734","id":"b10-l734","source":"obvius adversoque occurrit seque viro vir","translation":"he came round in front of him and met him face to face","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l734.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obvius","lemma":"obuius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming round"},{"surface":"adversoque","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"occurrit","lemma":"occurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"met, ran to meet"},{"surface":"seque","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"viro","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"vir","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":735,"label":"735","id":"b10-l735","source":"contulit, haud furto melior, sed fortibus armis.","translation":"and matched himself man to man, better by brave arms and not by stealth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l735.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"contulit","lemma":"confero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"matched"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"furto","lemma":"furtum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"stealth, trickery"},{"surface":"melior","lemma":"melior","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"fortibus","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by arms"}]},{"number":736,"label":"736","id":"b10-l736","source":"Tum super abiectum posito pede nixus et hasta:","translation":"Then, leaning on foot and on spear over the man thrown down:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l736.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"abiectum","lemma":"abicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the man thrown down"},{"surface":"posito","lemma":"pono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"planted"},{"surface":"pede","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"nixus","lemma":"nitor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"leaning, resting"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":737,"label":"737","id":"b10-l737","source":"“Pars belli haud temnenda, viri, iacet altus Orodes.”","translation":"“Here lies tall Orodes, men, no small part of the war.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l737.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Pars belli haud temnenda","title":"A part of the war","body":"Haud temnenda, 'not to be despised', is litotes, understating to make a stronger claim. Pars belli, 'a part of the war', names the dead man as a fraction of enemy strength removed, rather than praising him personally."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pars","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"temnenda","lemma":"temno","morphology":"gerundive, nominative singular feminine","role":"obligation","gloss":"to be scorned"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"iacet","lemma":"iaceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"altus","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"Orodes","lemma":"orodes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Orodes"}]},{"number":738,"label":"738","id":"b10-l738","source":"Conclamant socii laetum paeana secuti.","translation":"His companions shout together, taking up a glad paean.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l738.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Conclamant","lemma":"conclamo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shout together"},{"surface":"socii","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"laetum","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"paeana","lemma":"paean","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hymn"},{"surface":"secuti","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"taking up"}]},{"number":739,"label":"739","id":"b10-l739","source":"Ille autem exspirans: “Non me, quicumque es, inulto,","translation":"But he, breathing his last: “Whoever you are, you will not have me","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l739.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"autem","lemma":"autem","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"exspirans","lemma":"exspiro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"breathing out"},{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular","role":"adverbial","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"quicumque","lemma":"quicumque","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"inulto","lemma":"inultus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unavenged"}]},{"number":740,"label":"740","id":"b10-l740","source":"victor, nec longum laetabere: te quoque fata","translation":"unavenged, my conqueror, nor be glad long: the same fates","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l740.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"victor","lemma":"uictor","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"conqueror"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"longum","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"laetabere","lemma":"laetor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be glad"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"quoque","lemma":"quoque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"fates"}]},{"number":741,"label":"741","id":"b10-l741","source":"prospectant paria atque eadem mox arva tenebis.”","translation":"are watching for you too, and you will soon hold this same ground.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l741.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prospectant","lemma":"prospecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are watching for"},{"surface":"paria","lemma":"par","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"eadem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"mox","lemma":"mox","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"arva","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"tenebis","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will hold"}]},{"number":742,"label":"742","id":"b10-l742","source":"Ad quae subridens mixta Mezentius ira:","translation":"Mezentius, half smiling, with anger mixed into it:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l742.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"subridens","lemma":"surrideo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"mixta","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mixed"},{"surface":"Mezentius","lemma":"mezentius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mezentius"},{"surface":"ira","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with anger"}]},{"number":743,"label":"743","id":"b10-l743","source":"“Nunc morere. Ast de me divom pater atque hominum rex","translation":"“Now die. As for me, the father of gods and king of men","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l743.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"morere","lemma":"morior","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"Ast","lemma":"ast","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"as for"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hominum","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":744,"label":"744","id":"b10-l744","source":"viderit.” Hoc dicens eduxit corpore telum:","translation":"will see to that.” Saying it he drew the weapon out of the body:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l744.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"viderit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will see to"},{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"dicens","lemma":"dico","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"eduxit","lemma":"educo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew out"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"telum","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapon"}]},{"number":745,"label":"745","id":"b10-l745","source":"olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget","translation":"a hard rest and an iron sleep press down on the man's eyes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l745.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dura quies ... ferreus ... somnus","title":"An iron sleep","body":"Dura quies and ferreus somnus, 'hard rest' and 'iron sleep', are two Homeric metaphors for death joined in one line. The adjectives dura and ferreus, not the nouns, carry the description of what death is like."}],"words":[{"surface":"olli","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on the man"},{"surface":"dura","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"quies","lemma":"quies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ferreus","lemma":"ferreus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"urget","lemma":"urgeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses"}]},{"number":746,"label":"746","id":"b10-l746","source":"somnus, in aeternam clauduntur lumina noctem.","translation":"and they are shut into an everlasting night.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l746.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"somnus","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"aeternam","lemma":"aeternus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"everlasting"},{"surface":"clauduntur","lemma":"claudo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are shut"},{"surface":"lumina","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"noctem","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":747,"label":"747","id":"b10-l747","source":"Caedicus Alcathoum obtruncat, Sacrator Hydaspen","translation":"Caedicus cuts down Alcathous, Sacrator Hydaspes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l747.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Caedicus","lemma":"caedicus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Caedicus"},{"surface":"Alcathoum","lemma":"alcathous","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Alcathous"},{"surface":"obtruncat","lemma":"obtrunco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cuts down"},{"surface":"Sacrator","lemma":"sacrator","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Sacrator"},{"surface":"Hydaspen","lemma":"hydaspes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Hydaspes"}]},{"number":748,"label":"748","id":"b10-l748","source":"Partheniumque Rapo et praedurum viribus Orsen,","translation":"Rapo cuts down Parthenius and Orses, hard as iron in his strength,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l748.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Partheniumque","lemma":"parthenius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Parthenius","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Rapo","lemma":"rapo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rapo"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"praedurum","lemma":"praedurus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"very hard"},{"surface":"viribus","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"Orsen","lemma":"orses","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Orses"}]},{"number":749,"label":"749","id":"b10-l749","source":"Messapus Croniumque Lycaoniumque Erichaeten,","translation":"Messapus Cronius and Erichaetes son of Lycaon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l749.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Messapus","lemma":"messapus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Messapus"},{"surface":"Croniumque","lemma":"cronius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Cronius","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Lycaoniumque","lemma":"lycaonius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"son of Lycaon","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Erichaeten","lemma":"erichaetes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Erichaetes"}]},{"number":750,"label":"750","id":"b10-l750","source":"illum infrenis equi lapsu tellure iacentem,","translation":"the one lying on the ground from the slip of an unbridled horse,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l750.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"illum","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"infrenis","lemma":"infrenis","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unbridled"},{"surface":"equi","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"lapsu","lemma":"lapsus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the slip"},{"surface":"tellure","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the ground"},{"surface":"iacentem","lemma":"iaceo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lying"}]},{"number":751,"label":"751","id":"b10-l751","source":"hunc peditem. Pedes et Lycius processerat Agis,","translation":"the other on foot. Lycian Agis had come forward on foot too,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l751.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"peditem","lemma":"pedes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"Pedes","lemma":"pedes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Lycius","lemma":"lycius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Lycian"},{"surface":"processerat","lemma":"procedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had come forward"},{"surface":"Agis","lemma":"agis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Agis"}]},{"number":752,"label":"752","id":"b10-l752","source":"quem tamen haud expers Valerus virtutis avitae","translation":"and yet Valerus, not without his grandfathers' courage,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l752.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"expers","lemma":"expers","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"Valerus","lemma":"ualerus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Valerus"},{"surface":"virtutis","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"avitae","lemma":"auitus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grandfathers'"}]},{"number":753,"label":"753","id":"b10-l753","source":"deicit; at Thronium Salius Saliumque Nealces","translation":"throws him down; and Salius kills Thronius, and Nealces kills Salius","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l753.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Salius Saliumque","title":"A killing chain","body":"Salius and Saliumque are the same name in two grammatical roles, killer in one clause and victim in the next. Six names appear this way across three lines, each man's name ending one clause and beginning another."}],"words":[{"surface":"deicit","lemma":"deicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"throws"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Thronium","lemma":"thronius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Thronius"},{"surface":"Salius","lemma":"salius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Salius"},{"surface":"Saliumque","lemma":"salius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Salius","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Nealces","lemma":"nealces","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Nealces"}]},{"number":754,"label":"754","id":"b10-l754","source":"insidiis, iaculo et longe fallente sagitta.","translation":"from ambush, with a javelin and an arrow that cheats from far off.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l754.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"insidiis","lemma":"insidiae","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ambushes"},{"surface":"iaculo","lemma":"iaculum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"javelin"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from far off"},{"surface":"fallente","lemma":"fallo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cheating"},{"surface":"sagitta","lemma":"sagitta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":755,"label":"755","id":"b10-l755","source":"Iam gravis aequabat luctus et mutua Mavors","translation":"Now heavy Mars was leveling the grief and the deaths","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l755.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"gravis","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"aequabat","lemma":"aequo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leveled"},{"surface":"luctus","lemma":"luctus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mutua","lemma":"mutuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"mutual"},{"surface":"Mavors","lemma":"mauors","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mars"}]},{"number":756,"label":"756","id":"b10-l756","source":"funera: caedebant pariter pariterque ruebant","translation":"on both sides: they were killing alike and falling alike,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l756.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"funera","lemma":"funus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"deaths"},{"surface":"caedebant","lemma":"caedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were killing"},{"surface":"pariter","lemma":"pariter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"pariterque","lemma":"pariter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"ruebant","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were falling"}]},{"number":757,"label":"757","id":"b10-l757","source":"victores victique, neque his fuga nota neque illis.","translation":"conquerors and conquered, and neither side knew how to run.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l757.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"victores","lemma":"uictor","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"conquerors"},{"surface":"victique","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"conquered"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and neither","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"his","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to these"},{"surface":"fuga","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"nota","lemma":"notus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"illis","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"those"}]},{"number":758,"label":"758","id":"b10-l758","source":"Di Iovis in tectis iram miserantur inanem","translation":"The gods in Jove's halls pity the useless anger","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l758.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Di","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"Iovis","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Jove's"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tectis","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"iram","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"miserantur","lemma":"miseror","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"inanem","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"useless"}]},{"number":759,"label":"759","id":"b10-l759","source":"amborum et tantos mortalibus esse labores:","translation":"of the two of them, and that mortals should have such labors:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l759.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"amborum","lemma":"ambo","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the two of them"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tantos","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"mortalibus","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for mortals"},{"surface":"esse","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"should have"},{"surface":"labores","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"labors"}]},{"number":760,"label":"760","id":"b10-l760","source":"hinc Venus, hinc contra spectat Saturnia Iuno,","translation":"Venus watches from this side, Saturn's daughter Juno from that,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l760.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from this side"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from that side"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"spectat","lemma":"specto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"watches"},{"surface":"Saturnia","lemma":"saturnius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"daughter of Saturn"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"}]},{"number":761,"label":"761","id":"b10-l761","source":"pallida Tisiphone media inter milia saevit.","translation":"and pale Tisiphone rages among the thousands in the middle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l761.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pallida","lemma":"pallidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"Tisiphone","lemma":"tisiphone","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Tisiphone"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"in the middle of"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"milia","lemma":"mille","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"thousands"},{"surface":"saevit","lemma":"saeuio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages"}]},{"number":762,"label":"762","id":"b10-l762","source":"At vero ingentem quatiens Mezentius hastam","translation":"But Mezentius, shaking a huge spear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l762.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ingentem","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"quatiens","lemma":"quatio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaking"},{"surface":"Mezentius","lemma":"mezentius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mezentius"},{"surface":"hastam","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":763,"label":"763","id":"b10-l763","source":"turbidus ingreditur campo. Quam magnus Orion,","translation":"walks out onto the plain like a storm. As great as Orion","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l763.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"turbidus","lemma":"turbidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stormy"},{"surface":"ingreditur","lemma":"ingredior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"strides out"},{"surface":"campo","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"Quam","lemma":"quam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"magnus","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Orion","lemma":"orion","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Orion"}]},{"number":764,"label":"764","id":"b10-l764","source":"cum pedes incedit medii per maxima Nerei","translation":"when he goes on foot and cuts his way through the greatest","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l764.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pedes","lemma":"pedes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"foot soldier, infantryman"},{"surface":"incedit","lemma":"incedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"strides"},{"surface":"medii","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mid"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"maxima","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Nerei","lemma":"nereus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Nereus"}]},{"number":765,"label":"765","id":"b10-l765","source":"stagna viam scindens, umero supereminet undas","translation":"pools of mid-Nereus, and stands above the waves by a shoulder,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l765.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"stagna","lemma":"stagnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"waters"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"scindens","lemma":"scindo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cleaving"},{"surface":"umero","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"supereminet","lemma":"superemineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands above"},{"surface":"undas","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"waves"}]},{"number":766,"label":"766","id":"b10-l766","source":"aut summis referens annosam montibus ornum","translation":"or when he carries an aged ash down from the mountain tops","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l766.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"summis","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"top of"},{"surface":"referens","lemma":"refero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"annosam","lemma":"annosus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"aged"},{"surface":"montibus","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"ornum","lemma":"ornus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ash-tree"}]},{"number":767,"label":"767","id":"b10-l767","source":"ingrediturque solo et caput inter nubila condit:","translation":"and walks on the ground, and hides his head among the clouds:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l767.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ingrediturque","lemma":"ingredior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"strides on"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"nubila","lemma":"nubilum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the clouds"},{"surface":"condit","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hides"}]},{"number":768,"label":"768","id":"b10-l768","source":"talis se vastis infert Mezentius armis.","translation":"so Mezentius brings himself on, huge in his armor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l768.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"talis","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"vastis","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"infert","lemma":"infero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"advances"},{"surface":"Mezentius","lemma":"mezentius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mezentius"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his armor"}]},{"number":769,"label":"769","id":"b10-l769","source":"Huic contra Aeneas, speculatus in agmine longo,","translation":"Against him Aeneas, having marked him out in the long column,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l769.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Huic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"against him"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"speculatus","lemma":"speculor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having spotted"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"agmine","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the column"},{"surface":"longo","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":770,"label":"770","id":"b10-l770","source":"obvius ire parat. Manet imperterritus ille,","translation":"makes ready to go and meet him. The other waits, not to be frightened,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l770.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obvius","lemma":"obuius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"to meet him"},{"surface":"ire","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"parat","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"prepares"},{"surface":"Manet","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"waits"},{"surface":"imperterritus","lemma":"imperterritus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"undaunted"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":771,"label":"771","id":"b10-l771","source":"hostem magnanimum opperiens, et mole sua stat;","translation":"waiting for a great-hearted enemy, and stands by his own mass;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l771.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hostem","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"magnanimum","lemma":"magnanimus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"opperiens","lemma":"opperior","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"awaiting"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mole","lemma":"moles","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by his bulk"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"stat","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands"}]},{"number":772,"label":"772","id":"b10-l772","source":"atque oculis spatium emensus, quantum satis hastae:","translation":"and having measured the distance by eye, as much as a spear wants:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l772.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"spatium","lemma":"spatium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the distance"},{"surface":"emensus","lemma":"emetior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having measured out"},{"surface":"quantum","lemma":"quantus","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"satis","lemma":"satis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"hastae","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"spears"}]},{"number":773,"label":"773","id":"b10-l773","source":"“Dextra mihi deus et telum, quod missile libro,","translation":"“My right hand is my god, and the weapon I balance for the throw,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l773.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"deus","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"telum","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"weapon"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"missile","lemma":"missilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"as a missile"},{"surface":"libro","lemma":"libro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"balance, poise"}]},{"number":774,"label":"774","id":"b10-l774","source":"nunc adsint! Voveo praedonis corpore raptis","translation":"be with me now! I vow that you yourself, Lausus, shall be dressed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l774.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"adsint","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"be present"},{"surface":"Voveo","lemma":"uoueo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"vow"},{"surface":"praedonis","lemma":"praedo","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the robber"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"raptis","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"stripped"}]},{"number":775,"label":"775","id":"b10-l775","source":"indutum spoliis ipsum te, Lause, tropaeum","translation":"in the spoils torn off the robber's body, you, my trophy","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l775.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"indutum","lemma":"induo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"clothed, dressed"},{"surface":"spoliis","lemma":"spolium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in spoils"},{"surface":"ipsum","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Lause","lemma":"lausus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Lausus"},{"surface":"tropaeum","lemma":"tropaeum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"trophy"}]},{"number":776,"label":"776","id":"b10-l776","source":"Aeneae.” Dixit stridentemque eminus hastam","translation":"made out of Aeneas.” He said it, and hurled the whistling spear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l776.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Aeneas'"},{"surface":"Dixit","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"stridentemque","lemma":"strideo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whirring"},{"surface":"eminus","lemma":"eminus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from a distance"},{"surface":"hastam","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":777,"label":"777","id":"b10-l777","source":"iecit; at illa volans clipeo est excussa proculque","translation":"from a distance; but flying it was struck off the shield, and far away","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l777.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iecit","lemma":"iacio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"volans","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"clipeo","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"excussa","lemma":"excutio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"struck off"},{"surface":"proculque","lemma":"procul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"}]},{"number":778,"label":"778","id":"b10-l778","source":"egregium Antoren latus inter et ilia figit,","translation":"pinned excellent Antores between the flank and the groin,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l778.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"egregium","lemma":"egregius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"excellent"},{"surface":"Antoren","lemma":"antores","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Antores"},{"surface":"latus","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"flank, side"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ilia","lemma":"ilia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"groin"},{"surface":"figit","lemma":"figo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pins"}]},{"number":779,"label":"779","id":"b10-l779","source":"Herculis Antoren comitem, qui missus ab Argis","translation":"Antores, Hercules' companion, who had been sent from Argos","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l779.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Herculis","lemma":"hercules","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Hercules"},{"surface":"Antoren","lemma":"antores","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Antores"},{"surface":"comitem","lemma":"comes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"missus","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been sent"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Argis","lemma":"argi","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Argos"}]},{"number":780,"label":"780","id":"b10-l780","source":"haeserat Euandro atque Itala consederat urbe.","translation":"and stayed with Evander, and settled in an Italian city.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l780.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haeserat","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had stayed"},{"surface":"Euandro","lemma":"euander","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"with Evander"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Itala","lemma":"italus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Italian"},{"surface":"consederat","lemma":"consido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had settled"},{"surface":"urbe","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":781,"label":"781","id":"b10-l781","source":"Sternitur infelix alieno volnere caelumque","translation":"The unlucky man is laid low by a wound meant for another, and looks","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l781.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sternitur","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is laid low"},{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"alieno","lemma":"alienus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"not meant for him"},{"surface":"volnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"caelumque","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the sky"}]},{"number":782,"label":"782","id":"b10-l782","source":"aspicit et dulcis moriens reminiscitur Argos","translation":"at the sky, and dying he remembers sweet Argos.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l782.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dulcis moriens reminiscitur Argos","title":"Remembering sweet Argos","body":"Reminiscitur, 'he remembers', sits at the center of a golden line, with dulcis, 'sweet', and Argos, the city name, framing it at the ends. Antores, killed by a spear meant for someone else, is remembering the city he left years earlier as he dies."}],"words":[{"surface":"aspicit","lemma":"aspicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"looks at"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dulcis","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sweet, dear"},{"surface":"moriens","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"reminiscitur","lemma":"reminiscor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembers"},{"surface":"Argos","lemma":"argos","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"Argos"}]},{"number":783,"label":"783","id":"b10-l783","source":"tum pius Aeneas hastam iacit: illa per orbem","translation":"Then dutiful Aeneas throws his spear: through the circle","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l783.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"pius","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dutiful"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"hastam","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"iacit","lemma":"iacio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throws"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"orbem","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the boss"}]},{"number":784,"label":"784","id":"b10-l784","source":"aere cavum triplici, per linea terga tribusque","translation":"hollowed with triple bronze it went, through the linen layers","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l784.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aere","lemma":"aes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"cavum","lemma":"cauus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hollowed"},{"surface":"triplici","lemma":"triplex","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"triple"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"linea","lemma":"lineus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"of linen"},{"surface":"terga","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"layers"},{"surface":"tribusque","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"three"}]},{"number":785,"label":"785","id":"b10-l785","source":"transit intextum tauris opus imaque sedit","translation":"and the work woven of three bulls' hides, and it settled low","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l785.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"transit","lemma":"transeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed through"},{"surface":"intextum","lemma":"intexo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"woven"},{"surface":"tauris","lemma":"taurus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bulls"},{"surface":"opus","lemma":"opus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the work"},{"surface":"imaque","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"lowest"},{"surface":"sedit","lemma":"sedeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lodged"}]},{"number":786,"label":"786","id":"b10-l786","source":"inguine, sed viris haud pertulit. Ocius ensem","translation":"in the groin, but did not carry its force through. Quickly Aeneas,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l786.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inguine","lemma":"inguen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"groin"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"viris","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"full force"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pertulit","lemma":"perfero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried through with"},{"surface":"Ocius","lemma":"ocius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"}]},{"number":787,"label":"787","id":"b10-l787","source":"Aeneas, viso Tyrrheni sanguine laetus,","translation":"glad at the sight of Tyrrhenian blood,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l787.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"viso","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been seen"},{"surface":"Tyrrheni","lemma":"tyrrhenus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Tyrrhenian"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"laetus","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"}]},{"number":788,"label":"788","id":"b10-l788","source":"eripit a femine et trepidanti fervidus instat.","translation":"snatches the sword from his thigh and presses hot on the shaken man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l788.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"eripit","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"snatches away"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"femine","lemma":"femur","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"trepidanti","lemma":"trepido","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on the shaken man"},{"surface":"fervidus","lemma":"feruidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hot with rage"},{"surface":"instat","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses on"}]},{"number":789,"label":"789","id":"b10-l789","source":"Ingemuit cari graviter genitoris amore,","translation":"Lausus groaned heavily, out of love for the father he held dear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l789.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingemuit","lemma":"ingemo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"cari","lemma":"carus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"graviter","lemma":"grauiter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"genitoris","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"amore","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":790,"label":"790","id":"b10-l790","source":"ut vidit, Lausus, lacrimaeque per ora volutae.","translation":"when he saw it, and the tears rolled down his face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l790.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vidit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Lausus","lemma":"lausus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lausus"},{"surface":"lacrimaeque","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"his face"},{"surface":"volutae","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"rolled"}]},{"number":791,"label":"791","id":"b10-l791","source":"Hic mortis durae casum tuaque optima facta,","translation":"Here I will not pass over your hard death and your finest deeds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l791.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"non equidem nec te ... silebo","title":"The poet makes a promise","body":"Non ... silebo, 'I will not stay silent', is Vergil speaking in his own voice, addressing Lausus directly in the second person. He adds a condition, si qua fidem tanto est operi latura vetustas, 'if later ages will believe so great a deed', hedging his own promise."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"mortis","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"durae","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"casum","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the fall"},{"surface":"tuaque","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"optima","lemma":"optimus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"finest"},{"surface":"facta","lemma":"factum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":792,"label":"792","id":"b10-l792","source":"siqua fidem tanto est operi latura vetustas,","translation":"(if any age to come will give credit to so great a work)","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l792.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"siqua","lemma":"siquis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"if any"},{"surface":"fidem","lemma":"fides","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"credit"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"operi","lemma":"opus","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"latura","lemma":"fero","morphology":"participle, future active nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"going to give"},{"surface":"vetustas","lemma":"uetustas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"old age"}]},{"number":793,"label":"793","id":"b10-l793","source":"non equidem nec te, iuvenis memorande, silebo.","translation":"nor pass over you yourself, young man to be remembered.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l793.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"equidem","lemma":"equidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"iuvenis","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"memorande","lemma":"memorandus","morphology":"gerundive, vocative singular masculine","role":"obligation","gloss":"to be remembered"},{"surface":"silebo","lemma":"sileo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will pass over in silence"}]},{"number":794,"label":"794","id":"b10-l794","source":"Ille pedem referens et inutilis inque ligatus","translation":"The other was giving ground, useless, and caught in his own gear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l794.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"pedem","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"his step"},{"surface":"referens","lemma":"refero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawing back"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inutilis","lemma":"inutilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"helpless"},{"surface":"inque","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ligatus","lemma":"ligo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"entangled"}]},{"number":795,"label":"795","id":"b10-l795","source":"cedebat clipeoque inimicum hastile trahebat:","translation":"and dragging the enemy shaft along in his shield:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l795.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cedebat","lemma":"cedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was giving ground"},{"surface":"clipeoque","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his shield"},{"surface":"inimicum","lemma":"inimicus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"hastile","lemma":"hastile","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"spear-shaft"},{"surface":"trahebat","lemma":"traho","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was dragging"}]},{"number":796,"label":"796","id":"b10-l796","source":"prorupit iuvenis seseque immiscuit armis","translation":"the young man burst forward and mixed himself into the fighting,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l796.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prorupit","lemma":"prorumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"burst forward"},{"surface":"iuvenis","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"seseque","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"immiscuit","lemma":"immisceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"plunged"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"into the fighting"}]},{"number":797,"label":"797","id":"b10-l797","source":"iamque adsurgentis dextra plagamque ferentis","translation":"and just as Aeneas was rising with his right hand and bringing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l797.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"adsurgentis","lemma":"assurgo","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"plagamque","lemma":"plaga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the blow"},{"surface":"ferentis","lemma":"fero","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bringing"}]},{"number":798,"label":"798","id":"b10-l798","source":"Aeneae subiit mucronem ipsumque morando","translation":"the stroke down, he came in under the point and, by holding him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l798.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"subiit","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came in under"},{"surface":"mucronem","lemma":"mucro","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the sword-point"},{"surface":"ipsumque","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"morando","lemma":"moror","morphology":"gerund, ablative","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"delaying"}]},{"number":799,"label":"799","id":"b10-l799","source":"sustinuit. Socii magno clamore sequuntur,","translation":"checked him. His companions follow with a great shout,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l799.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sustinuit","lemma":"sustineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"checked"},{"surface":"Socii","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"his comrades"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"clamore","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"sequuntur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":800,"label":"800","id":"b10-l800","source":"dum genitor nati parma protectus abiret,","translation":"so that the father might get away covered by his son's shield,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l800.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"nati","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"parma","lemma":"parma","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"small round shield"},{"surface":"protectus","lemma":"protego","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"protected"},{"surface":"abiret","lemma":"abeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"went away"}]},{"number":801,"label":"801","id":"b10-l801","source":"telaque coniciunt proturbantque eminus hostem","translation":"and they throw their weapons and drive the enemy back from a distance","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l801.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"telaque","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"coniciunt","lemma":"conicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurl"},{"surface":"proturbantque","lemma":"proturbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"eminus","lemma":"eminus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from a distance"},{"surface":"hostem","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"enemy"}]},{"number":802,"label":"802","id":"b10-l802","source":"missilibus. Furit Aeneas tectusque tenet se.","translation":"with missiles. Aeneas rages, and keeps himself covered.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l802.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"missilibus","lemma":"missile","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"missiles"},{"surface":"Furit","lemma":"furo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"tectusque","lemma":"tego","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been covered"},{"surface":"tenet","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":803,"label":"803","id":"b10-l803","source":"Ac velut effusa siquando grandine nimbi","translation":"And as when in a burst of hail the rain clouds come down headlong","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l803.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"velut","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"effusa","lemma":"effundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having poured out"},{"surface":"siquando","lemma":"siquando","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"if when"},{"surface":"grandine","lemma":"grando","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with hail"},{"surface":"nimbi","lemma":"nimbus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"storm cloud"}]},{"number":804,"label":"804","id":"b10-l804","source":"praecipitant, omnis campis diffugit arator","translation":"and every ploughman scatters off the fields,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l804.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praecipitant","lemma":"praecipito","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throw headlong"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"campis","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"diffugit","lemma":"diffugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flees away"},{"surface":"arator","lemma":"arator","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the ploughman"}]},{"number":805,"label":"805","id":"b10-l805","source":"omnis et agricola et tuta latet arce viator,","translation":"and every farmer, and the traveler hides in a safe stronghold,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l805.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"agricola","lemma":"agricola","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"farmer"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tuta","lemma":"tutus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"latet","lemma":"lateo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hides"},{"surface":"arce","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"citadel"},{"surface":"viator","lemma":"uiator","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"traveler"}]},{"number":806,"label":"806","id":"b10-l806","source":"aut amnis ripis aut alti fornice saxi,","translation":"either on a river's banks or under the arch of a high rock,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l806.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"amnis","lemma":"amnis","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"ripis","lemma":"ripa","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"banks"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"alti","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"fornice","lemma":"fornix","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"under the arch"},{"surface":"saxi","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"rock"}]},{"number":807,"label":"807","id":"b10-l807","source":"dum pluit in terris, ut possint sole reducto","translation":"while it rains on the land, so that when the sun is brought back","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l807.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"pluit","lemma":"pluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"rains"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"terris","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"possint","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"be able"},{"surface":"sole","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"reducto","lemma":"reduco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been led back"}]},{"number":808,"label":"808","id":"b10-l808","source":"exercere diem: sic obrutus undique telis","translation":"they can work the day: so Aeneas, buried under weapons","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l808.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exercere","lemma":"exerceo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to work through"},{"surface":"diem","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"obrutus","lemma":"obruo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"overwhelmed"},{"surface":"undique","lemma":"undique","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from every side"},{"surface":"telis","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weapons"}]},{"number":809,"label":"809","id":"b10-l809","source":"Aeneas nubem belli, dum detonet omnis,","translation":"from every side, holds out under the war's cloud until it has thundered","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l809.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"nubem","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"detonet","lemma":"detono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"thunders"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the whole of it"}]},{"number":810,"label":"810","id":"b10-l810","source":"sustinet et Lausum increpitat Lausoque minatur:","translation":"itself out, and shouts at Lausus and threatens Lausus:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l810.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sustinet","lemma":"sustineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds out"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Lausum","lemma":"lausus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Lausus"},{"surface":"increpitat","lemma":"increpito","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebukes"},{"surface":"Lausoque","lemma":"lausus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Lausus"},{"surface":"minatur","lemma":"minor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"threatens"}]},{"number":811,"label":"811","id":"b10-l811","source":"“Quo moriture ruis maioraque viribus audes?","translation":"“Where are you rushing, you who must die, and daring beyond your strength?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l811.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quo moriture ruis","title":"A future participle as address","body":"Moriture is a future participle used as a vocative, addressing someone as 'you who are about to die'. Latin says this in one word; English needs a full clause, 'you who must die', to say the same thing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"moriture","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, future active vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"about to die"},{"surface":"ruis","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rush"},{"surface":"maioraque","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"too great things"},{"surface":"viribus","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"than your strength"},{"surface":"audes","lemma":"audeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"dare"}]},{"number":812,"label":"812","id":"b10-l812","source":"Fallit te incautum pietas tua.” Nec minus ille","translation":"Your own duty is tricking you, and you are off your guard.” No less for that","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l812.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fallit","lemma":"fallo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"deceives"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"incautum","lemma":"incautus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"off guard"},{"surface":"pietas","lemma":"pietas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"devotion"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"minus","lemma":"minus","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":813,"label":"813","id":"b10-l813","source":"exsultat demens; saevae iamque altius irae","translation":"the boy exults, out of his mind; and now a savage anger rises","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l813.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exsultat","lemma":"exsulto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"exults"},{"surface":"demens","lemma":"demens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"out of his mind"},{"surface":"saevae","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"altius","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"irae","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"anger"}]},{"number":814,"label":"814","id":"b10-l814","source":"Dardanio surgunt ductori, extremaque Lauso","translation":"higher in the Dardan leader, and the Fates gather in","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l814.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardanio","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardan"},{"surface":"surgunt","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"ductori","lemma":"ductor","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"in the leader"},{"surface":"extremaque","lemma":"extremus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"Lauso","lemma":"lausus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Lausus"}]},{"number":815,"label":"815","id":"b10-l815","source":"Parcae fila legunt: validum namque exigit ensem","translation":"the last of Lausus' thread: for Aeneas drives the strong sword","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l815.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Parcae","lemma":"parca","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Fates"},{"surface":"fila","lemma":"filum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"threads"},{"surface":"legunt","lemma":"lego","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gather"},{"surface":"validum","lemma":"ualidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"exigit","lemma":"exigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives out"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"}]},{"number":816,"label":"816","id":"b10-l816","source":"per medium Aeneas iuvenem totumque recondit.","translation":"through the middle of the young man and buries the whole of it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l816.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"medium","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle of"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"iuvenem","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the young man"},{"surface":"totumque","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the whole of it"},{"surface":"recondit","lemma":"recondo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"buries"}]},{"number":817,"label":"817","id":"b10-l817","source":"Transiit et parmam mucro, levia arma minacis,","translation":"The point went through the small shield too, light armor for so much threatening,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l817.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Transiit","lemma":"transeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"went through"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"parmam","lemma":"parma","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"small round shield"},{"surface":"mucro","lemma":"mucro","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the point"},{"surface":"levia","lemma":"leuis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"minacis","lemma":"minax","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the threatening boy"}]},{"number":818,"label":"818","id":"b10-l818","source":"et tunicam, molli mater quam neverat auro,","translation":"and through the tunic his mother had woven for him out of soft gold,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l818.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tunicam","lemma":"tunica","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the tunic"},{"surface":"molli","lemma":"mollis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"mater","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"neverat","lemma":"neo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had woven"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with gold"}]},{"number":819,"label":"819","id":"b10-l819","source":"implevitque sinum sanguis; tum vita per auras","translation":"and the blood filled its folds; then his life went off through the air,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l819.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"implevitque","lemma":"impleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled up"},{"surface":"sinum","lemma":"sinus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fold, bosom"},{"surface":"sanguis","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"uita","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the air"}]},{"number":820,"label":"820","id":"b10-l820","source":"concessit maesta ad manis corpusque reliquit.","translation":"sorrowing, to the shades, and left the body behind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l820.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"concessit","lemma":"concedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"maesta","lemma":"maestus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sorrowing"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"manis","lemma":"manes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shades"},{"surface":"corpusque","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the body"},{"surface":"reliquit","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"left behind"}]},{"number":821,"label":"821","id":"b10-l821","source":"At vero ut voltum vidit morientis et ora,","translation":"But when the son of Anchises saw the face and the look","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l821.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"voltum","lemma":"uultus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"vidit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"morientis","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the dying boy"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the features"}]},{"number":822,"label":"822","id":"b10-l822","source":"ora modis Anchisiades pallentia miris,","translation":"of the dying boy, the face gone pale in a way past all wonder,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l822.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pallentia miris ... modis","title":"Pale in a way past wonder","body":"Pallentia miris modis literally means 'growing pale in wondrous ways', a phrase Latin poetry uses elsewhere for ghosts and for the dead appearing in dreams. Here it describes a face still living, in front of Aeneas."}],"words":[{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"modis","lemma":"modus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in ways"},{"surface":"Anchisiades","lemma":"anchisiades","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the son of Anchises"},{"surface":"pallentia","lemma":"palleo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"pale, growing pale"},{"surface":"miris","lemma":"mirus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wondrous, strange"}]},{"number":823,"label":"823","id":"b10-l823","source":"ingemuit miserans graviter dextramque tetendit,","translation":"he groaned heavily in pity and reached out his right hand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l823.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ingemuit","lemma":"ingemo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"miserans","lemma":"miseror","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pitying"},{"surface":"graviter","lemma":"grauiter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"dextramque","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"tetendit","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretched"}]},{"number":824,"label":"824","id":"b10-l824","source":"et mentem patriae subiit pietatis imago.","translation":"and the image of his own duty to a father came up into his mind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l824.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mentem","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"patriae","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of a father"},{"surface":"subiit","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came into"},{"surface":"pietatis","lemma":"pietas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"devotion"},{"surface":"imago","lemma":"imago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the image"}]},{"number":825,"label":"825","id":"b10-l825","source":"“Quid tibi nunc, miserande puer, pro laudibus istis,","translation":"“What now, boy to be pitied, for praises like these,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l825.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"miserande","lemma":"miserandus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pitiable"},{"surface":"puer","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"laudibus","lemma":"laus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"praises"},{"surface":"istis","lemma":"iste","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"}]},{"number":826,"label":"826","id":"b10-l826","source":"quid pius Aeneas tanta dabit indole dignum?","translation":"what will dutiful Aeneas give worthy of so great a nature?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l826.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"pius","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dutiful"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"tanta","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"dabit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"indole","lemma":"indoles","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for so great a nature"},{"surface":"dignum","lemma":"dignus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"worthy"}]},{"number":827,"label":"827","id":"b10-l827","source":"Arma, quibus laetatus, habe tua, teque parentum","translation":"Keep the arms you took joy in, they are yours; and you I send back","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l827.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"laetatus","lemma":"laetor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having taken joy"},{"surface":"habe","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"teque","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"parentum","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":828,"label":"828","id":"b10-l828","source":"manibus et cineri, siqua est ea cura, remitto.","translation":"to your fathers' shades and ashes, if that is any comfort to you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l828.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"manibus","lemma":"manes","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the shades"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cineri","lemma":"cinis","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"siqua","lemma":"siquis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"if any"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ea","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cura","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"comfort"},{"surface":"remitto","lemma":"remitto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"send back"}]},{"number":829,"label":"829","id":"b10-l829","source":"Hoc tamen infelix miseram solabere mortem:","translation":"You will have this one thing, unlucky boy, to console a wretched death:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l829.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"unlucky boy"},{"surface":"miseram","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"solabere","lemma":"solor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will console"},{"surface":"mortem","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":830,"label":"830","id":"b10-l830","source":"Aeneae magni dextra cadis.” Increpat ultro","translation":"you fall by great Aeneas' right hand.” And unasked he shouts at","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l830.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Aeneae magni dextra cadis","title":"Falling to a famous hand","body":"Aeneae magni dextra cadis, 'you fall by great Aeneas' hand', invokes the heroic convention that it is an honor to die by a famous opponent. Aeneas offers this line to the dying man as a form of consolation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"magni","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"cadis","lemma":"cado","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"Increpat","lemma":"increpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"chides"},{"surface":"ultro","lemma":"ultro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"unprompted"}]},{"number":831,"label":"831","id":"b10-l831","source":"cunctantis socios et terra sublevat ipsum,","translation":"the boy's companions, who were hanging back, and lifts him himself from the ground,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l831.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cunctantis","lemma":"cunctor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hesitating"},{"surface":"socios","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the ground"},{"surface":"sublevat","lemma":"subleuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifts up"},{"surface":"ipsum","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":832,"label":"832","id":"b10-l832","source":"sanguine turpantem comptos de more capillos.","translation":"fouling with blood the hair combed in the customary way.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l832.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"comptos de more capillos","title":"Hair combed as it should be","body":"Comptos de more capillos, 'hair arranged in the customary way', describes Lausus' hair as it was dressed before battle. Sanguine turpantem, 'fouling it with blood', describes what is happening to it now."}],"words":[{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"turpantem","lemma":"turpo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"defiling"},{"surface":"comptos","lemma":"como","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"combed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"more","lemma":"mos","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the customary way"},{"surface":"capillos","lemma":"capillus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hairs"}]},{"number":833,"label":"833","id":"b10-l833","source":"Interea genitor Tiberini ad fluminis undam","translation":"Meanwhile his father, at the water of the river Tiber,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l833.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Tiberini","lemma":"tiberinus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the Tiber"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"fluminis","lemma":"flumen","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"undam","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the water"}]},{"number":834,"label":"834","id":"b10-l834","source":"volnera siccabat lymphis corpusque levabat","translation":"was drying his wound with the stream and easing his body,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l834.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"volnera","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wounds"},{"surface":"siccabat","lemma":"sicco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was drying"},{"surface":"lymphis","lemma":"lympha","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the stream"},{"surface":"corpusque","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"levabat","lemma":"leuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was easing"}]},{"number":835,"label":"835","id":"b10-l835","source":"arboris adclinis trunco. Procul aerea ramis","translation":"leaning against a tree trunk. His bronze helmet hangs at a distance","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l835.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arboris","lemma":"arbor","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"adclinis","lemma":"acclinis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"trunco","lemma":"truncus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"against the trunk"},{"surface":"Procul","lemma":"procul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"aerea","lemma":"aereus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ramis","lemma":"ramus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from branches"}]},{"number":836,"label":"836","id":"b10-l836","source":"dependet galea et prato gravia arma quiescunt.","translation":"from the branches, and the heavy armor rests on the grass.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l836.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dependet","lemma":"dependeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hangs down"},{"surface":"galea","lemma":"galea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"prato","lemma":"pratum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the meadow"},{"surface":"gravia","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the armor"},{"surface":"quiescunt","lemma":"quiesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rest"}]},{"number":837,"label":"837","id":"b10-l837","source":"Stant lecti circum iuvenes: ipse aeger anhelans","translation":"Chosen young men stand around him; he himself, sick and gasping,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l837.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Stant","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"lecti","lemma":"lectus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"chosen"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"iuvenes","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"aeger","lemma":"aeger","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sick"},{"surface":"anhelans","lemma":"anhelo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gasping"}]},{"number":838,"label":"838","id":"b10-l838","source":"colla fovet, fusus propexam in pectore barbam;","translation":"eases his neck, his combed beard spread out on his chest;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l838.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"colla","lemma":"collum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"necks"},{"surface":"fovet","lemma":"foueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"eases"},{"surface":"fusus","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"spread out"},{"surface":"propexam","lemma":"propexus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"combed so as to hang down"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"his chest"},{"surface":"barbam","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"beard"}]},{"number":839,"label":"839","id":"b10-l839","source":"multa super Lauso rogitat multumque remittit","translation":"he asks and asks about Lausus, and sends many men back","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l839.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"many things"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Lauso","lemma":"lausus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Lausus"},{"surface":"rogitat","lemma":"rogito","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"asks"},{"surface":"multumque","lemma":"multum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"remittit","lemma":"remitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sends back"}]},{"number":840,"label":"840","id":"b10-l840","source":"qui revocent maestique ferant mandata parentis.","translation":"to call him in and carry a grieving father's orders.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l840.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"revocent","lemma":"reuoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"call back"},{"surface":"maestique","lemma":"maestus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"ferant","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"mandata","lemma":"mandatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"order, command"},{"surface":"parentis","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of a father"}]},{"number":841,"label":"841","id":"b10-l841","source":"At Lausum socii exanimem super arma ferebant","translation":"But his companions were carrying Lausus back dead on his armor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l841.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Lausum","lemma":"lausus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Lausus"},{"surface":"socii","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"exanimem","lemma":"exanimis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"his armor"},{"surface":"ferebant","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were carrying"}]},{"number":842,"label":"842","id":"b10-l842","source":"flentes, ingentem atque ingenti volnere victum.","translation":"weeping, a great man beaten by a great wound.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l842.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"flentes","lemma":"fleo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ingentem","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"a great man"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ingenti","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"volnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"victum","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"overcome"}]},{"number":843,"label":"843","id":"b10-l843","source":"Agnovit longe gemitum praesaga mali mens:","translation":"A mind that had guessed the evil knew the groaning from far off:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l843.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"praesaga mali mens","title":"A mind that had guessed","body":"Praesagus describes a foreboding that arrives before the news itself does. Praesaga mali mens, 'a mind that foreknew the evil', has Mezentius recognize the sound of mourning from far off, before he is told what happened."}],"words":[{"surface":"Agnovit","lemma":"agnosco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"recognized"},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from afar"},{"surface":"gemitum","lemma":"gemitus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"praesaga","lemma":"praesagus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"foreboding"},{"surface":"mali","lemma":"malus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"evil, disaster"},{"surface":"mens","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mind"}]},{"number":844,"label":"844","id":"b10-l844","source":"canitiem multo deformat pulvere et ambas","translation":"he fouls his white hair with a great deal of dust, and stretches both","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l844.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"canitiem","lemma":"canities","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"white hair"},{"surface":"multo","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"deformat","lemma":"deformo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fouls, disfigures"},{"surface":"pulvere","lemma":"puluis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with dust"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ambas","lemma":"ambo","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":845,"label":"845","id":"b10-l845","source":"ad caelum tendit palmas et corpore inhaeret.","translation":"palms up to heaven, and hangs on the body.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l845.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"tendit","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretches"},{"surface":"palmas","lemma":"palma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"palms"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"inhaeret","lemma":"inhaereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"clings"}]},{"number":846,"label":"846","id":"b10-l846","source":"“Tantane me tenuit vivendi, nate, voluptas,","translation":"“Did so great a pleasure in living hold me, my son,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l846.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tantane","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"tenuit","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"vivendi","lemma":"uiuo","morphology":"gerund, genitive","role":"possessive","gloss":"of living"},{"surface":"nate","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"voluptas","lemma":"uoluptas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"pleasure"}]},{"number":847,"label":"847","id":"b10-l847","source":"ut pro me hostili paterer succedere dextrae,","translation":"that I let the one I fathered go under an enemy's hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l847.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in place of"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"by me"},{"surface":"hostili","lemma":"hostilis","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"paterer","lemma":"patior","morphology":"verb, 1st singular imperfect subjunctive deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"succedere","lemma":"succedo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go under"},{"surface":"dextrae","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"right hand"}]},{"number":848,"label":"848","id":"b10-l848","source":"quem genui? Tuane haec genitor per volnera servor,","translation":"in my place? Am I your father, saved by these wounds of yours,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l848.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"genui","lemma":"gigno","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I begot"},{"surface":"Tuane","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by means of"},{"surface":"volnera","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"wounds"},{"surface":"servor","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"am kept safe"}]},{"number":849,"label":"849","id":"b10-l849","source":"morte tua vivens? Heu, nunc misero mihi demum","translation":"living by your death? Ah, now at last there is ruin","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l849.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"morte","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"vivens","lemma":"uiuo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"Heu","lemma":"heu","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"misero","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"demum","lemma":"demum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at last"}]},{"number":850,"label":"850","id":"b10-l850","source":"exitium infelix, nunc alte volnus adactum!","translation":"for me, and I am wretched; now the wound is driven deep!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l850.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exitium","lemma":"exitium","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"alte","lemma":"alte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"volnus","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"adactum","lemma":"adigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"driven"}]},{"number":851,"label":"851","id":"b10-l851","source":"Idem ego, nate, tuum maculavi crimine nomen,","translation":"It was I, my son, and no one else, who stained your name with a charge,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l851.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Idem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the same one"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nate","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"tuum","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"maculavi","lemma":"maculo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stained"},{"surface":"crimine","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a charge"},{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"name"}]},{"number":852,"label":"852","id":"b10-l852","source":"pulsus ob invidiam solio sceptrisque paternis.","translation":"driven out for hatred from my throne and my father's scepter.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l852.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pulsus","lemma":"pello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven out"},{"surface":"ob","lemma":"ob","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"invidiam","lemma":"inuidia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"hatred"},{"surface":"solio","lemma":"solium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the throne"},{"surface":"sceptrisque","lemma":"sceptrum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"scepters"},{"surface":"paternis","lemma":"paternus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"father's"}]},{"number":853,"label":"853","id":"b10-l853","source":"Debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum:","translation":"I owed my country a penalty, and my own people's hatred:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l853.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Debueram","lemma":"debeo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"owed"},{"surface":"patriae","lemma":"patria","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to my country"},{"surface":"poenas","lemma":"poena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"a penalty"},{"surface":"odiisque","lemma":"odium","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"hatred","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"meorum","lemma":"meus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"my own people"}]},{"number":854,"label":"854","id":"b10-l854","source":"omnis per mortis animam sontem ipse dedissem!","translation":"I should have handed my guilty life over to every kind of death!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l854.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"mortis","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"animam","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"sontem","lemma":"sons","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"guilty"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"dedissem","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 1st singular pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would have given"}]},{"number":855,"label":"855","id":"b10-l855","source":"Nunc vivo neque adhuc homines lucemque relinquo.","translation":"And now I am alive, and I have still not left men and the light.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l855.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"vivo","lemma":"uiuo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"adhuc","lemma":"adhuc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"homines","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"lucemque","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"relinquo","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave behind"}]},{"number":856,"label":"856","id":"b10-l856","source":"Sed linquam.” Simul hoc dicens attollit in aegrum","translation":"But I will leave.” Saying so he lifts himself up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l856.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"linquam","lemma":"linquo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will leave"},{"surface":"Simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at the same time"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"dicens","lemma":"dico","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"attollit","lemma":"attollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifts up"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"aegrum","lemma":"aeger","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sick"}]},{"number":857,"label":"857","id":"b10-l857","source":"se femur et, quamvis dolor alto volnere tardet,","translation":"on the sick thigh, and though the pain of a deep wound slows him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l857.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"femur","lemma":"femur","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quamvis","lemma":"quamuis","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"dolor","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the pain"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"volnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"tardet","lemma":"tardo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"slows"}]},{"number":858,"label":"858","id":"b10-l858","source":"haud deiectus equum duci iubet. Hoc decus illi,","translation":"he is not cast down, and orders his horse brought. That was his glory,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l858.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"deiectus","lemma":"deicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cast down, dejected"},{"surface":"equum","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"duci","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be led"},{"surface":"iubet","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"orders"},{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"decus","lemma":"decus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to him"}]},{"number":859,"label":"859","id":"b10-l859","source":"hoc solamen erat; bellis hoc victor abibat","translation":"that was his comfort; on that he had come away a winner","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l859.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"solamen","lemma":"solamen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"comfort"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bellis","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in this"},{"surface":"victor","lemma":"uictor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"conqueror"},{"surface":"abibat","lemma":"abeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"went away"}]},{"number":860,"label":"860","id":"b10-l860","source":"omnibus. Adloquitur maerentem et talibus infit:","translation":"from every war. He speaks to the grieving animal and begins so:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l860.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"omnibus","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Adloquitur","lemma":"adloquor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"addresses"},{"surface":"maerentem","lemma":"maereo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the grieving one"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with such words"},{"surface":"infit","lemma":"infit","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"begins"}]},{"number":861,"label":"861","id":"b10-l861","source":"“Rhaebe, diu, res siqua diu mortalibus ulla est,","translation":"“Rhaebus, we have lived a long time, if anything at all","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l861.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Rhaebe","lemma":"rhaebus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Rhaebus"},{"surface":"diu","lemma":"diu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for a long time"},{"surface":"res","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"siqua","lemma":"siquis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"if, if only"},{"surface":"diu","lemma":"diu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for a long time"},{"surface":"mortalibus","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for mortals"},{"surface":"ulla","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":862,"label":"862","id":"b10-l862","source":"viximus. Aut hodie victor spolia illa cruenti","translation":"is long for mortals. Either today you will carry off, as victor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l862.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"viximus","lemma":"uiuo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"Aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"hodie","lemma":"hodie","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"victor","lemma":"uictor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"as victor"},{"surface":"spolia","lemma":"spolium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"spoils"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"cruenti","lemma":"cruentus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the bloodied man"}]},{"number":863,"label":"863","id":"b10-l863","source":"et caput Aeneae referes Lausique dolorum","translation":"that bloodied armor and the head of Aeneas, and you will be","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l863.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"referes","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will bring back"},{"surface":"Lausique","lemma":"lausus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Lausus"},{"surface":"dolorum","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the sufferings"}]},{"number":864,"label":"864","id":"b10-l864","source":"ultor eris mecum aut, aperit si nulla viam vis,","translation":"the avenger with me of what Lausus suffered; or, if no force opens a road,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l864.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ultor","lemma":"ultor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"avenger"},{"surface":"eris","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"mecum","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by me"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"aperit","lemma":"aperio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"opens"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"nulla","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"vis","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"force"}]},{"number":865,"label":"865","id":"b10-l865","source":"occumbes pariter; neque enim, fortissime, credo,","translation":"you will go down beside me; for I do not believe, bravest of horses,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l865.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"occumbes","lemma":"occumbo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fall in death"},{"surface":"pariter","lemma":"pariter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"fortissime","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine, superlative","role":"address","gloss":"bravest"},{"surface":"credo","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"believe"}]},{"number":866,"label":"866","id":"b10-l866","source":"iussa aliena pati et dominos dignabere Teucros.”","translation":"that you would stoop to take another's orders and Teucrian masters.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l866.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dominos dignabere Teucros","title":"Dignari, to think worthy","body":"Dignor means 'to think something worthy of oneself'. Dominos dignabere Teucros, 'you would not think Teucrian masters worthy of you', addresses Mezentius' horse, denying that it would ever accept new owners."}],"words":[{"surface":"iussa","lemma":"iussum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"orders"},{"surface":"aliena","lemma":"alienus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"another's"},{"surface":"pati","lemma":"patior","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to endure"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dominos","lemma":"dominus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"dignabere","lemma":"dignor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will deign"},{"surface":"Teucros","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"}]},{"number":867,"label":"867","id":"b10-l867","source":"Dixit et exceptus tergo consueta locavit","translation":"He spoke, and was taken up on the back, and settled his limbs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l867.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dixit","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"exceptus","lemma":"excipio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"taken up"},{"surface":"tergo","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the back"},{"surface":"consueta","lemma":"consuesco","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"accustomed"},{"surface":"locavit","lemma":"loco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"settled"}]},{"number":868,"label":"868","id":"b10-l868","source":"membra manusque ambas iaculis oneravit acutis,","translation":"where they were used to be, and loaded both hands with sharp javelins,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l868.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"membra","lemma":"membrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"manusque","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ambas","lemma":"ambo","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"iaculis","lemma":"iaculum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"javelins"},{"surface":"oneravit","lemma":"onero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"loaded"},{"surface":"acutis","lemma":"acutus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":869,"label":"869","id":"b10-l869","source":"aere caput fulgens cristaque hirsutus equina.","translation":"his head flashing with bronze and shaggy with a horsehair crest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l869.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aere","lemma":"aes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with bronze"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"fulgens","lemma":"fulgeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"cristaque","lemma":"crista","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"crest"},{"surface":"hirsutus","lemma":"hirsutus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaggy"},{"surface":"equina","lemma":"equinus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"horsehair"}]},{"number":870,"label":"870","id":"b10-l870","source":"Sic cursum in medios rapidus dedit: aestuat ingens","translation":"So he drove his course, quick, into the middle of them: a huge shame","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l870.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"cursum","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"medios","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the midst"},{"surface":"rapidus","lemma":"rapidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"aestuat","lemma":"aestuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"seethes"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"}]},{"number":871,"label":"871","id":"b10-l871","source":"uno in corde pudor mixtoque insania luctu,","translation":"boils up in one heart, and madness mixed with grief,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l871.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"uno","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"corde","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"pudor","lemma":"pudor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"mixtoque","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been mixed"},{"surface":"insania","lemma":"insania","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"madness"},{"surface":"luctu","lemma":"luctus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with grief"}]},{"number":872,"label":"872","id":"b10-l872","source":"et furiis agitatus amor et conscia virtus.","translation":"and a love driven by the Furies, and a courage that knows itself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l872.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"conscia virtus","title":"A courage that knows itself","body":"Conscius means 'knowing along with', the root of both 'conscience' and 'accomplice'. Conscia virtus, 'a courage aware of itself', is one of four qualities, alongside shame, grief and a love driven by Furies, that Vergil lists together without ranking them."}],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"furiis","lemma":"furiae","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by furies"},{"surface":"agitatus","lemma":"agito","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stirred, driven"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"conscia","lemma":"conscius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"self-aware"},{"surface":"virtus","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"courage"}]},{"number":873,"label":"873","id":"b10-l873","source":"Atque hic Aenean magna ter voce vocavit.","translation":"And here he called Aeneas three times, with a great voice.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l873.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"magna","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ter","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"vocavit","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"}]},{"number":874,"label":"874","id":"b10-l874","source":"Aeneas agnovit enim laetusque precatur:","translation":"Aeneas knew him, and prays, glad:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l874.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"agnovit","lemma":"agnosco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"recognized"},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"laetusque","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"precatur","lemma":"precor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"prays"}]},{"number":875,"label":"875","id":"b10-l875","source":"“Sic pater ille deum faciat, sic altus Apollo,","translation":"“So may the father of the gods bring it about, so may high Apollo:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l875.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"deum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"faciat","lemma":"facio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"may bring about"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"altus","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"Apollo","lemma":"apollo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":876,"label":"876","id":"b10-l876","source":"incipias conferre manum.”","translation":"that you begin to close hands.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l876.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"incipias conferre manum","title":"An unfinished line","body":"This line breaks off after incipias conferre manum, 'that you begin to join battle', one of the poem's half-finished verses. The subjunctive incipias continues Aeneas' prayer, left incomplete as Vergil wrote it."}],"words":[{"surface":"incipias","lemma":"incipio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"begin"},{"surface":"conferre","lemma":"confero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to join"},{"surface":"manum","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":877,"label":"877","id":"b10-l877","source":"Tantum effatus et infesta subit obvius hasta.","translation":"So much he said, and comes to meet him with a hostile spear.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l877.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tantum","lemma":"tantum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"only so much"},{"surface":"effatus","lemma":"effor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"infesta","lemma":"infestus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"subit","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"advances to meet"},{"surface":"obvius","lemma":"obuius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"to meet him"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":878,"label":"878","id":"b10-l878","source":"Ille autem: “Quid me erepto, saevissime, nato","translation":"But the other: “Why do you frighten me, cruelest of men, now my son","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l878.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"autem","lemma":"autem","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"erepto","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been snatched away"},{"surface":"saevissime","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine, superlative","role":"address","gloss":"cruelest"},{"surface":"nato","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":879,"label":"879","id":"b10-l879","source":"terres? Haec via sola fuit, qua perdere posses.","translation":"is torn away? That was the one road by which you could destroy me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l879.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terres","lemma":"terreo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"frighten"},{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"via","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by which way"},{"surface":"perdere","lemma":"perdo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to destroy"},{"surface":"posses","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you could"}]},{"number":880,"label":"880","id":"b10-l880","source":"Nec mortem horremus nec divom parcimus ulli.","translation":"We do not shudder at death, and we spare none of the gods.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l880.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"mortem","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"horremus","lemma":"horreo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shudder at"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"parcimus","lemma":"parco","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"we spare"},{"surface":"ulli","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"any"}]},{"number":881,"label":"881","id":"b10-l881","source":"Desine: nam venio moriturus et haec tibi porto","translation":"Have done: for I come to die, and I bring you these","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l881.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Desine","lemma":"desino","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"stop"},{"surface":"nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"venio","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"moriturus","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, future active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"about to die"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"porto","lemma":"porto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I bring"}]},{"number":882,"label":"882","id":"b10-l882","source":"dona prius.” Dixit telumque intorsit in hostem;","translation":"gifts first.” He spoke, and whirled a weapon at his enemy;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l882.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dona","lemma":"donum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"prius","lemma":"prius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Dixit","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"telumque","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"intorsit","lemma":"intorqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"hostem","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"enemy"}]},{"number":883,"label":"883","id":"b10-l883","source":"inde aliud super atque aliud figitque volatque","translation":"then another on top of it, and another, and he plants them and flies","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l883.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inde","lemma":"inde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"aliud","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on top"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aliud","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"figitque","lemma":"figo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"plants"},{"surface":"volatque","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies"}]},{"number":884,"label":"884","id":"b10-l884","source":"ingenti gyro, sed sustinet aureus umbo.","translation":"in a huge circle, but the golden boss holds them all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l884.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ingenti","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"gyro","lemma":"gyrus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a circle"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"sustinet","lemma":"sustineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds them all"},{"surface":"aureus","lemma":"aureus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"umbo","lemma":"umbo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"boss"}]},{"number":885,"label":"885","id":"b10-l885","source":"Ter circum adstantem laevos equitavit in orbes","translation":"Three times he rode leftward, in circles, around the man standing there,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l885.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ter","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"adstantem","lemma":"asto","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"standing at"},{"surface":"laevos","lemma":"laeuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"leftward"},{"surface":"equitavit","lemma":"equito","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rode"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"orbes","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"circles"}]},{"number":886,"label":"886","id":"b10-l886","source":"tela manu iaciens, ter secum Troïus heros","translation":"throwing weapons by hand; and the Trojan hero three times","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l886.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"iaciens","lemma":"iacio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"throwing"},{"surface":"ter","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Troïus","lemma":"troius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"heros","lemma":"heros","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":887,"label":"887","id":"b10-l887","source":"immanem aerato circumfert tegmine silvam.","translation":"carries round with him a monstrous forest on his bronze covering.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l887.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"immanem","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"aerato","lemma":"aeratus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"circumfert","lemma":"circumfero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"tegmine","lemma":"tegimen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"covering"},{"surface":"silvam","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":888,"label":"888","id":"b10-l888","source":"Inde ubi tot traxisse moras, tot spicula taedet","translation":"Then, when he is sick of dragging out so many delays and pulling","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l888.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inde","lemma":"inde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"traxisse","lemma":"traho","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to have dragged out"},{"surface":"moras","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"delays"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"spicula","lemma":"spiculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"points"},{"surface":"taedet","lemma":"taedet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"wearies"}]},{"number":889,"label":"889","id":"b10-l889","source":"vellere et urgetur pugna congressus iniqua,","translation":"so many points loose, and is pressed by a fight matched unfairly,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l889.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vellere","lemma":"uello","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to pull out"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"urgetur","lemma":"urgeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is pressed"},{"surface":"pugna","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by a fight"},{"surface":"congressus","lemma":"congredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having engaged"},{"surface":"iniqua","lemma":"iniquus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unequal"}]},{"number":890,"label":"890","id":"b10-l890","source":"multa movens animo iam tandem erumpit et inter","translation":"turning much over in his mind he breaks out at last, and hurls","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l890.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"many things"},{"surface":"movens","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"turning over"},{"surface":"animo","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tandem","lemma":"tandem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"erumpit","lemma":"erumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"breaks out"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"}]},{"number":891,"label":"891","id":"b10-l891","source":"bellatoris equi cava tempora conicit hastam.","translation":"the spear between the hollow temples of the warhorse.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l891.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bellatoris","lemma":"bellator","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the warhorse"},{"surface":"equi","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"cava","lemma":"cauus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"tempora","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"conicit","lemma":"conicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurls"},{"surface":"hastam","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":892,"label":"892","id":"b10-l892","source":"Tollit se arrectum quadrupes et calcibus auras","translation":"The four-footed beast rears straight up and beats the air","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l892.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tollit","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"raises"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"arrectum","lemma":"arrigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"reared up"},{"surface":"quadrupes","lemma":"quadrupes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the four-footed beast"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"calcibus","lemma":"calx","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hooves"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the air"}]},{"number":893,"label":"893","id":"b10-l893","source":"verberat effusumque equitem super ipse secutus","translation":"with its hooves, and coming down on the rider it has thrown","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l893.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"verberat","lemma":"uerbero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beats"},{"surface":"effusumque","lemma":"effundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thrown off"},{"surface":"equitem","lemma":"eques","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the rider"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"it itself"},{"surface":"secutus","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having followed"}]},{"number":894,"label":"894","id":"b10-l894","source":"implicat eiectoque incumbit cernuus armo.","translation":"it tangles him, and falls headlong on him with its shoulder out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l894.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"implicat","lemma":"implico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tangles"},{"surface":"eiectoque","lemma":"eicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thrown out"},{"surface":"incumbit","lemma":"incumbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"falls upon"},{"surface":"cernuus","lemma":"cernuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"headlong"},{"surface":"armo","lemma":"armus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":895,"label":"895","id":"b10-l895","source":"Clamore incendunt caelum Troesque Latinique.","translation":"Trojans and Latins together set the sky on fire with shouting.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l895.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Clamore","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"incendunt","lemma":"incendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"set fire to"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the sky"},{"surface":"Troesque","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"Latinique","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Latins"}]},{"number":896,"label":"896","id":"b10-l896","source":"Advolat Aeneas vaginaque eripit ensem","translation":"Aeneas flies up and tears the sword out of its scabbard","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l896.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Advolat","lemma":"aduolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies to"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"vaginaque","lemma":"uagina","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from its scabbard"},{"surface":"eripit","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tears out"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"}]},{"number":897,"label":"897","id":"b10-l897","source":"et super haec: “Ubi nunc Mezentius acer et illa","translation":"and stands over him: “Where is fierce Mezentius now, and that","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l897.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"Ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Mezentius","lemma":"mezentius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mezentius"},{"surface":"acer","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":898,"label":"898","id":"b10-l898","source":"effera vis animi?” Contra Tyrrhenus, ut auras","translation":"wild violence of spirit?” Against him the Tyrrhenian, once he had drawn","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l898.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"effera","lemma":"efferus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"vis","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"violence"},{"surface":"animi","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of spirit"},{"surface":"Contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"Tyrrhenus","lemma":"tyrrhenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Tyrrhenian"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":899,"label":"899","id":"b10-l899","source":"suspiciens hausit caelum mentemque recepit:","translation":"the air in, looking up, and taken back the sky and his own mind:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l899.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"suspiciens","lemma":"suspicio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"looking up"},{"surface":"hausit","lemma":"haurio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had drawn in"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the sky"},{"surface":"mentemque","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"recepit","lemma":"recipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"recovered"}]},{"number":900,"label":"900","id":"b10-l900","source":"“Hostis amare, quid increpitas mortemque minaris?","translation":"“Bitter enemy, why jeer at me and threaten me with death?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l900.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"amare","lemma":"amarus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"increpitas","lemma":"increpito","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuke"},{"surface":"mortemque","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"minaris","lemma":"minor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you threaten"}]},{"number":901,"label":"901","id":"b10-l901","source":"Nullum in caede nefas, nec sic ad proelia veni,","translation":"There is no wrong in killing me, and I did not come to this fighting so,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l901.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Nullum in caede nefas","title":"No wrong in the killing","body":"Nullum nefas, 'no wrongdoing', reuses the word for an act forbidden by divine law, here denying that any applies. Mezentius tells Aeneas that killing him breaks no divine law, since he came to this fight expecting to die."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nullum","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"caede","lemma":"caedes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"nefas","lemma":"nefas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"battles"},{"surface":"veni","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":902,"label":"902","id":"b10-l902","source":"nec tecum meus haec pepigit mihi foedera Lausus.","translation":"nor did my Lausus bargain out these terms with you for me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l902.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"tecum","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by you"},{"surface":"meus","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"pepigit","lemma":"pango","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bargained"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"terms"},{"surface":"Lausus","lemma":"lausus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lausus"}]},{"number":903,"label":"903","id":"b10-l903","source":"Unum hoc per siqua est victis venia hostibus oro:","translation":"One thing I ask, by whatever pardon there may be for a beaten enemy:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l903.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Unum","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"siqua","lemma":"siquis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"if, if only"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"victis","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the conquered"},{"surface":"venia","lemma":"uenia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"pardon"},{"surface":"hostibus","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for enemies"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg"}]},{"number":904,"label":"904","id":"b10-l904","source":"corpus humo patiare tegi. Scio acerba meorum","translation":"allow my body to be covered with earth. I know the bitter hatreds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l904.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"corpus","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"my body"},{"surface":"humo","lemma":"humus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with earth"},{"surface":"patiare","lemma":"patior","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"allow"},{"surface":"tegi","lemma":"tego","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be covered"},{"surface":"Scio","lemma":"scio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"acerba","lemma":"acerbus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bitter things"},{"surface":"meorum","lemma":"meus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"my own people"}]},{"number":905,"label":"905","id":"b10-l905","source":"circumstare odia: hunc, oro, defende furorem","translation":"of my own people stand around me: hold that madness off, I beg you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l905.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"circumstare","lemma":"circumsto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"odia","lemma":"odium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"hatreds"},{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"defende","lemma":"defendo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"ward off"},{"surface":"furorem","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"madness"}]},{"number":906,"label":"906","id":"b10-l906","source":"et me consortem nati concede sepulchro.”","translation":"and grant me a grave to share with my son.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l906.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"consortem","lemma":"consors","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sharing"},{"surface":"nati","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"concede","lemma":"concedo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"sepulchro","lemma":"sepulcrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"tomb"}]},{"number":907,"label":"907","id":"b10-l907","source":"Haec loquitur iuguloque haud inscius accipit ensem","translation":"This he says, and takes the sword in his throat, knowing what he does,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l907.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"haud inscius","title":"A double negative for awareness","body":"Haud inscius, 'not unknowing', is a double negative meaning simply 'aware'. It describes Mezentius accepting the sword in his throat with full knowledge of what is happening to him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"loquitur","lemma":"loquor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"iuguloque","lemma":"iugulum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his throat"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"inscius","lemma":"inscius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unaware"},{"surface":"accipit","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"receives"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"}]},{"number":908,"label":"908","id":"b10-l908","source":"undantique animam diffundit in arva cruore.","translation":"and pours his life out over the fields in a wave of blood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b10-l908.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"undantique","lemma":"undo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"surging"},{"surface":"animam","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"diffundit","lemma":"diffundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pours out"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"arva","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the fields"},{"surface":"cruore","lemma":"cruor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"}]}]}