{"work":{"slug":"aeneid","title":{"source":"Aeneis","translated":"The Aeneid"},"author":"Publius Vergilius Maro","language":"Latin","languageCode":"la","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":12,"id":"book-12","title":{"source":"Aeneidos XII","translated":"Book 12. The Broken Treaty, the Duel, and the Killing of Turnus"},"section":"The War in Latium","summary":"Turnus agrees to single combat. The truce breaks. Aeneas wounds him, sees Pallas's belt, and kills him.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid/12","lines":952},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid/11","next":null,"license":"Source text: public domain (Vergil, Aeneid, ed. J. B. Greenough, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1900), as encoded in the Perseus Digital Library canonical-latinLit TEI, CC BY-SA 4.0. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC, line for line. Narration: read by Malone (LibriVox, 2012), public domain.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b12-l1","source":"Turnus ut infractos adverso Marte Latinos","translation":"When Turnus sees the Latins broken, with the war gone against them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"infractos","lemma":"infringo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"broken"},{"surface":"adverso","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"gone against them"},{"surface":"Marte","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the war"},{"surface":"Latinos","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the Latins"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b12-l2","source":"defecisse videt, sua nunc promissa reposci,","translation":"and giving way; that his own promises are now called in;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"defecisse","lemma":"deficio","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"are giving way"},{"surface":"videt","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"promissa","lemma":"promissum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"promises"},{"surface":"reposci","lemma":"reposco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"are called in"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b12-l3","source":"se signari oculis, ultro implacabilis ardet","translation":"that he is the one their eyes mark out; of himself he burns, not to be appeased,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"signari","lemma":"signo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be marked"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ultro","lemma":"ultro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"of himself"},{"surface":"implacabilis","lemma":"implacabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"not to be appeased"},{"surface":"ardet","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"burns"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b12-l4","source":"attollitque animos. Poenorum qualis in arvis","translation":"and lifts his spirit. As in the fields of the Carthaginians","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"attollitque","lemma":"attollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifts up"},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"his spirit"},{"surface":"Poenorum","lemma":"poenus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Carthaginian"},{"surface":"qualis","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"arvis","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the fields"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b12-l5","source":"saucius ille gravi venantum vulnere pectus","translation":"a lion, wounded in the breast by a heavy blow of the hunters,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"saucius","lemma":"saucius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gravi","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"venantum","lemma":"uenor","morphology":"participle, present active genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"hunters"},{"surface":"vulnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by a blow"},{"surface":"pectus","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the breast"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b12-l6","source":"tum demum movet arma leo gaudetque comantis","translation":"rouses himself to fight only then, and rejoices as he shakes out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"demum","lemma":"demum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"movet","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rouses"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"himself to fight"},{"surface":"leo","lemma":"leo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"gaudetque","lemma":"gaudeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoices"},{"surface":"comantis","lemma":"como","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"maned"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b12-l7","source":"excutiens cervice toros fixumque latronis","translation":"the maned muscles of his neck, and unafraid snaps off the shaft","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"excutiens","lemma":"excutio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaking off"},{"surface":"cervice","lemma":"ceruix","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"of his neck"},{"surface":"toros","lemma":"torus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"muscles"},{"surface":"fixumque","lemma":"figo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"planted"},{"surface":"latronis","lemma":"latro","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the robber"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b12-l8","source":"inpavidus frangit telum et fremit ore cruento:","translation":"the robber planted in him, and roars with a bloodied mouth:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inpavidus","lemma":"impauidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"unafraid"},{"surface":"frangit","lemma":"frango","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"snaps off"},{"surface":"telum","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the shaft"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fremit","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"roars"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"cruento","lemma":"cruentus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bloodied"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b12-l9","source":"haud secus adcenso gliscit violentia Turno.","translation":"no otherwise does the violence swell in Turnus, kindled.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"violentia","title":"The same rare word again","body":"violentia is used of nobody in the whole Aeneid except Turnus, and always at a point where he is being warned. It names force that is not guided by counsel, stronger and less controlled than plain anger."}],"words":[{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"secus","lemma":"secus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"adcenso","lemma":"accendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"kindled"},{"surface":"gliscit","lemma":"glisco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"swells"},{"surface":"violentia","lemma":"uiolentia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the violence"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b12-l10","source":"Tum sic adfatur regem atque ita turbidus infit:","translation":"Then he addresses the king, and begins, stormy, like this:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"adfatur","lemma":"affor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"addresses"},{"surface":"regem","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ita","lemma":"ita","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"turbidus","lemma":"turbidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"stormy"},{"surface":"infit","lemma":"infio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"begins to speak"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b12-l11","source":"“Nulla mora in Turno; nihil est quod dicta retractent","translation":"“There is no delay in Turnus; there is no cause for the cowardly","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nulla","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mora","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"nihil","lemma":"nihil","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"their words"},{"surface":"retractent","lemma":"retracto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"should take back"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b12-l12","source":"ignavi Aeneadae, nec quae pepigere recusent.","translation":"followers of Aeneas to take back their words, or refuse what they bargained for.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ignavi","lemma":"ignauus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"Aeneadae","lemma":"aeneades","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"followers of Aeneas"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"pepigere","lemma":"pango","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"they bargained for"},{"surface":"recusent","lemma":"recuso","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"refuse"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b12-l13","source":"Congredior, fer sacra, pater, et concipe foedus.","translation":"I go to meet him. Bring the holy things, father, and draw up the treaty.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Congredior","lemma":"congredior","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"meet"},{"surface":"fer","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"sacra","lemma":"sacrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the holy things"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"concipe","lemma":"concipio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"draw up"},{"surface":"foedus","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the treaty"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b12-l14","source":"Aut hac Dardanium dextra sub Tartara mittam,","translation":"Either with this right hand I will send the Dardanian down below Tartarus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"hac","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Dardanium","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the Dardanian"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down below"},{"surface":"Tartara","lemma":"tartarus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Tartarus"},{"surface":"mittam","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will send"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b12-l15","source":"desertorem Asiae (sedeant spectentque Latini),","translation":"Asia's deserter (let the Latins sit and look on),","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"desertorem","lemma":"desertor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"deserter"},{"surface":"Asiae","lemma":"asia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Asia"},{"surface":"sedeant","lemma":"sedeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"spectentque","lemma":"specto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"and look on"},{"surface":"Latini","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Latins"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b12-l16","source":"et solus ferro crimen commune refellam,","translation":"and alone, with iron, refute the charge that is laid on us all;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"solus","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the charge"},{"surface":"commune","lemma":"communis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"laid on us all"},{"surface":"refellam","lemma":"refello","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will refute"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b12-l17","source":"aut habeat victos, cedat Lavinia coniunx.”","translation":"or let him hold us beaten, and let Lavinia go to him as wife.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"habeat","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let him hold"},{"surface":"victos","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"us beaten"},{"surface":"cedat","lemma":"cedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let go"},{"surface":"Lavinia","lemma":"lauinius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lavinia"},{"surface":"coniunx","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"as wife"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b12-l18","source":"Olli sedato respondit corde Latinus:","translation":"To him Latinus answered with a settled heart:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l18.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"olli","title":"An old form of that man","body":"olli is an archaic dative of ille, 'that man', kept alive in verse after it had dropped out of ordinary prose. Vergil uses it at formal moments, and here it marks Latinus' reply as a considered public statement."}],"words":[{"surface":"Olli","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"sedato","lemma":"sedo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"respondit","lemma":"respondeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"corde","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"Latinus","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Latinus"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b12-l19","source":"“O praestans animi iuvenis, quantum ipse feroci","translation":"“Young man, outstanding in spirit: by however much you go beyond us","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"praestans","lemma":"praesto","morphology":"participle, present active vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"outstanding"},{"surface":"animi","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"in spirit"},{"surface":"iuvenis","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"quantum","lemma":"quantum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"how much"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"feroci","lemma":"ferox","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fierce"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b12-l20","source":"virtute exsuperas, tanto me impensius aequum est","translation":"in fierce courage, by so much the more is it right for me","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"virtute","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"exsuperas","lemma":"exsupero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"go beyond us"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by so much"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"impensius","lemma":"impensus","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"aequum","lemma":"aequus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b12-l21","source":"consulere atque omnis metuentem expendere casus.","translation":"to take counsel, and in fear to weigh out every chance.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"consulere","lemma":"consulo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to take counsel"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"metuentem","lemma":"metuo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"expendere","lemma":"expendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to weigh out"},{"surface":"casus","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"chance"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b12-l22","source":"Sunt tibi regna patris Dauni, sunt oppida capta","translation":"You have the kingdom of your father Daunus, you have many towns","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"regna","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the kingdom"},{"surface":"patris","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Dauni","lemma":"daunus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Daunus"},{"surface":"sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have"},{"surface":"oppida","lemma":"oppidum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"towns"},{"surface":"capta","lemma":"capio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been taken"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b12-l23","source":"multa manu, nec non aurumque animusque Latino est;","translation":"taken by your own hand; and Latinus has gold too, and the will to give it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aurumque","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"animusque","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"and will"},{"surface":"Latino","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Latinus"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b12-l24","source":"sunt aliae innuptae Latio et Laurentibus arvis,","translation":"There are other unmarried girls in Latium and the Laurentine fields,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"aliae","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"innuptae","lemma":"innuptus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unmarried girls"},{"surface":"Latio","lemma":"latium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"Latium"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Laurentibus","lemma":"laurens","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Laurentine"},{"surface":"arvis","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b12-l25","source":"nec genus indecores. Sine me haec haud mollia fatu","translation":"and not of dishonorable stock. Let me open these things, not soft to say,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l25.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"haud mollia fatu","title":"A verbal noun after an adjective","body":"fatu is a supine, a verbal noun form used after certain adjectives, here mollia, 'soft': literally 'not soft in the saying'. Latin uses this construction where English adds 'to say' after an adjective."}],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in stock"},{"surface":"indecores","lemma":"indecoris","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"dishonorable"},{"surface":"Sine","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mollia","lemma":"mollis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"fatu","lemma":"for","morphology":"supine, ablative","role":"purpose","gloss":"to say"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b12-l26","source":"sublatis aperire dolis, simul hoc animo hauri.","translation":"with all deceit put aside; and drink this in with your mind as well.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sublatis","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"put aside"},{"surface":"aperire","lemma":"aperio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to open"},{"surface":"dolis","lemma":"dolus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with all deceit"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as well"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"animo","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"hauri","lemma":"haurio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"drink in"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b12-l27","source":"Me natam nulli veterum sociare procorum","translation":"It was not lawful for me to join my daughter to any of the old suitors,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"natam","lemma":"nata","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"nulli","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"veterum","lemma":"uetus","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"sociare","lemma":"socio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to join"},{"surface":"procorum","lemma":"procus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"suitors"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b12-l28","source":"fas erat, idque omnes divique hominesque canebant.","translation":"and all of them, gods and men alike, kept singing it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fas","lemma":"fas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"lawful"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"idque","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"divique","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"hominesque","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"canebant","lemma":"cano","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept singing"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b12-l29","source":"Victus amore tui, cognato sanguine victus","translation":"Beaten by love of you, beaten by the blood we share","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Victus","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"conquered"},{"surface":"amore","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"tui","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, genitive singular","role":"possessive","gloss":"of you"},{"surface":"cognato","lemma":"cognatus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shared"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"victus","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"conquered"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b12-l30","source":"coniugis et maestae lacrumis, vincla omnia rupi:","translation":"and by my grieving wife's tears, I broke every bond:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"coniugis","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"maestae","lemma":"maestus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"lacrumis","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"vincla","lemma":"uinculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"every bond"},{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"rupi","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b12-l31","source":"promissam eripui genero, arma impia sumpsi.","translation":"I tore the promised girl from her bridegroom, I took up unholy arms.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l31.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"arma impia","title":"The negation of dutiful","body":"impius is pius with a negative prefix, naming the failure of duty owed to gods, family, and oath together. Latinus calls his own arms impia, applying the word to himself rather than to an enemy."}],"words":[{"surface":"promissam","lemma":"promitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"eripui","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore"},{"surface":"genero","lemma":"gener","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"bridegroom"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"impia","lemma":"impius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unholy"},{"surface":"sumpsi","lemma":"sumo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b12-l32","source":"Ex illo qui me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur","translation":"From that day you see what disasters, what wars, Turnus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"illo","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"that day"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"casus","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"disasters"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Turne","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"sequantur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b12-l33","source":"bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores.","translation":"follow me, and what labors you, first of all, endure.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"vides","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"quantos","lemma":"quantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"how great"},{"surface":"primus","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"patiare","lemma":"patior","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"endure"},{"surface":"labores","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"labors"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b12-l34","source":"Bis magna victi pugna vix urbe tuemur","translation":"Twice beaten in a great battle, we barely keep Italy's hopes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"twice"},{"surface":"magna","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"victi","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beaten"},{"surface":"pugna","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"vix","lemma":"uix","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"urbe","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"inside the city"},{"surface":"tuemur","lemma":"tueor","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"keep"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b12-l35","source":"spes Italas; recalent nostro Thybrina fluenta","translation":"inside the city; the Tiber's waters are warm again","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"spes","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hopes"},{"surface":"Italas","lemma":"italus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Italy's"},{"surface":"recalent","lemma":"recaleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"grow warm"},{"surface":"nostro","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"Thybrina","lemma":"thybris","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tiber's"},{"surface":"fluenta","lemma":"fluentum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the waters"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b12-l36","source":"sanguine adhuc campique ingentes ossibus albent.","translation":"with our blood, and the enormous plains go white with bones.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"adhuc","lemma":"adhuc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"campique","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the plains"},{"surface":"ingentes","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"ossibus","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"albent","lemma":"albeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"go white"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b12-l37","source":"Quo referor totiens? Quae mentem insania mutat?","translation":"Where am I carried back to, so often? What madness turns my mind?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"referor","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"am brought back"},{"surface":"totiens","lemma":"totiens","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so often"},{"surface":"Quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"mentem","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"insania","lemma":"insania","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"madness"},{"surface":"mutat","lemma":"muto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turns"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b12-l38","source":"Si Turno exstincto socios sum adscire paratus,","translation":"If I am ready to take them as allies once Turnus is dead,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"exstincto","lemma":"exstinguo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"socios","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"them as allies"},{"surface":"sum","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"adscire","lemma":"ascisco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"paratus","lemma":"paro","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"ready"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b12-l39","source":"cur non incolumi potius certamina tollo?","translation":"why do I not rather end the fighting while he is unharmed?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cur","lemma":"cur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"incolumi","lemma":"incolumis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"while unharmed"},{"surface":"potius","lemma":"potius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"certamina","lemma":"certamen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the fighting"},{"surface":"tollo","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do end"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b12-l40","source":"Quid consanguinei Rutuli, quid cetera dicet","translation":"What will your Rutulian kinsmen say, what will the rest of","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"consanguinei","lemma":"consanguineus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"kinsmen"},{"surface":"Rutuli","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Rutulian"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"cetera","lemma":"ceterus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"dicet","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will say"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b12-l41","source":"Italia, ad mortem si te—Fors dicta refutet!—","translation":"Italy say, if I have handed you over to death (may chance make a lie of the words!)","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l41.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Fors dicta refutet","title":"A formula to unsay bad words","body":"Fors dicta refutet, 'may chance disprove the words', is a set phrase used to cancel an ill omened statement the instant it is spoken. Latinus breaks off his own sentence to say it before finishing the thought he fears."}],"words":[{"surface":"Italia","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mortem","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Fors","lemma":"fors","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"refutet","lemma":"refuto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"may make a lie of"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b12-l42","source":"prodiderim, natam et conubia nostra petentem?","translation":"you who were asking for my daughter and a marriage in my house?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prodiderim","lemma":"prodo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"I have handed over"},{"surface":"natam","lemma":"nata","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"conubia","lemma":"conubium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"a marriage"},{"surface":"nostra","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"petentem","lemma":"peto","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"asking for"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b12-l43","source":"Respice res bello varias; miserere parentis","translation":"Look at how war turns; have pity on a father","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Respice","lemma":"respicio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"look back"},{"surface":"res","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"how war turns"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"varias","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"various"},{"surface":"miserere","lemma":"misereor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"parentis","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"parent"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b12-l44","source":"longaevi, quem nunc maestum patria Ardea longe","translation":"far on in years, whom his own Ardea now keeps apart from us,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"longaevi","lemma":"longaeuus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"far on in years"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"maestum","lemma":"maestus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"patria","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"Ardea","lemma":"ardea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ardea"},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"apart"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b12-l45","source":"dividit.” Haudquaquam dictis violentia Turni","translation":"grieving.” Not at all is the violence of Turnus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dividit","lemma":"diuido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"keeps apart"},{"surface":"Haudquaquam","lemma":"haudquaquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not at all"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"violentia","lemma":"uiolentia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the violence"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b12-l46","source":"flectitur: exsuperat magis aegrescitque medendo.","translation":"bent by the words: it rises higher, and sickens under the cure.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l46.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aegrescit medendo","title":"A gerund standing for a clause","body":"medendo, 'by treating', is a gerund in the ablative doing the work of a whole clause: 'he grows sicker by being treated'. Turnus' anger is described as worsening under the very argument meant to calm it."}],"words":[{"surface":"flectitur","lemma":"flecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is bent"},{"surface":"exsuperat","lemma":"exsupero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"magis","lemma":"magis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"aegrescitque","lemma":"aegresco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sickens"},{"surface":"medendo","lemma":"medeor","morphology":"gerund, ablative","role":"adverbial","gloss":"under the cure"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b12-l47","source":"Ut primum fari potuit, sic institit ore:","translation":"As soon as he could speak, he pressed on so:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"soon as"},{"surface":"fari","lemma":"for","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"potuit","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"he could"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"institit","lemma":"insisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed on"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mouth"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b12-l48","source":"“Quam pro me curam geris, hanc precor, optime, pro me","translation":"“The care you carry for me, I beg you, best of men, for my sake","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"curam","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"geris","lemma":"gero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you carry"},{"surface":"hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"precor","lemma":"precor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"I beg"},{"surface":"optime","lemma":"optimus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine, superlative","role":"address","gloss":"best of men"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b12-l49","source":"deponas letumque sinas pro laude pacisci:","translation":"lay it down, and let me bargain death away for glory.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"deponas","lemma":"depono","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"letumque","lemma":"letum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"deaths"},{"surface":"sinas","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"laude","lemma":"laus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"pacisci","lemma":"paciscor","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to make a bargain or agreement"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b12-l50","source":"et nos tela, pater, ferrumque haud debile dextra","translation":"I too scatter spears, father, and the iron in my right hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural","role":"subject","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ferrumque","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"debile","lemma":"debilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"feeble"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in my right hand"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b12-l51","source":"spargimus; et nostro sequitur de volnere sanguis.","translation":"is not feeble; blood follows out of the wound we make as well.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"spargimus","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"scatter"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nostro","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"we make"},{"surface":"sequitur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"volnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the wound"},{"surface":"sanguis","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b12-l52","source":"longe illi dea mater erit, quae nube fugacem","translation":"His goddess mother will be far off then, who covers him as he runs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"mater","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"erit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"nube","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"fugacem","lemma":"fugax","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him as he runs"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b12-l53","source":"feminea tegat et vanis sese occulat umbris.”","translation":"in a woman's cloud and hides herself in empty shadows.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"feminea","lemma":"femineus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of a woman"},{"surface":"tegat","lemma":"tego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"covers"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vanis","lemma":"uanus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"occulat","lemma":"occulo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"hides"},{"surface":"umbris","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shadows"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b12-l54","source":"At regina, nova pugnae conterrita sorte,","translation":"But the queen, terrified at the new turn the fighting had taken,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"nova","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the fighting"},{"surface":"conterrita","lemma":"conterreo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"terrified"},{"surface":"sorte","lemma":"sors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at the turn"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b12-l55","source":"flebat et ardentem generum moritura tenebat:","translation":"wept, and held her burning son-in-law back, herself about to die:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l55.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"moritura","title":"A future participle stated early","body":"moritura, 'about to die', is the future participle of morior, 'to die', feminine nominative singular, describing Amata. It names an outcome that has not happened yet, hundreds of lines before her death occurs in the story."}],"words":[{"surface":"flebat","lemma":"fleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ardentem","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"generum","lemma":"gener","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"son-in-law"},{"surface":"moritura","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, future active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"about to die"},{"surface":"tenebat","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b12-l56","source":"“Turne, per has ego te lacrimas, per siquis Amatae","translation":"“Turnus, by these tears, by any regard for Amata","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Turne","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"has","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lacrimas","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"siquis","lemma":"siquis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"if any regard"},{"surface":"Amatae","lemma":"amata","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Amata"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b12-l57","source":"tangit honos animum (spes tu nunc una, senectae","translation":"that touches your mind (you are the one hope now, you the rest","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tangit","lemma":"tango","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"touches"},{"surface":"honos","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"regard"},{"surface":"animum","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"spes","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"senectae","lemma":"senecta","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"old age"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b12-l58","source":"tu requies miserae, decus imperiumque Latini","translation":"of my wretched old age; the honor and the rule of Latinus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"requies","lemma":"requies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"miserae","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"decus","lemma":"decus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the honor"},{"surface":"imperiumque","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"and the rule","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Latini","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Latinus"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b12-l59","source":"te penes, in te omnis domus inclinata recumbit).","translation":"are in your keeping, and on you the whole leaning house rests).","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"penes","lemma":"penes","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in the keeping of"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"inclinata","lemma":"inclino","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"recumbit","lemma":"recumbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rests"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b12-l60","source":"unum oro: desiste manum committere Teucris.","translation":"one thing I beg: do not close hands with the Teucrians in battle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"unum","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"desiste","lemma":"desisto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"stop"},{"surface":"manum","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"committere","lemma":"committo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"closing"},{"surface":"Teucris","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"with the Teucrians"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b12-l61","source":"Qui te cumque manent isto certamine casus,","translation":"Whatever chances wait for you in that contest,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"cumque","lemma":"cumque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"manent","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"isto","lemma":"iste","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"certamine","lemma":"certamen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"contest"},{"surface":"casus","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"chances"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b12-l62","source":"et me, Turne, manent: simul haec invisa relinquam","translation":"wait for me too, Turnus: I will leave this hated light","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Turne","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"manent","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at the same time"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"invisa","lemma":"inuisus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"hated"},{"surface":"relinquam","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will leave behind"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b12-l63","source":"lumina nec generum Aenean captiva videbo.”","translation":"at that same moment, and not see Aeneas as my son-in-law, a captive.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"lumina","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"lights"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"generum","lemma":"gener","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"son-in-law"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"captiva","lemma":"captiuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"a captive"},{"surface":"videbo","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will see"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b12-l64","source":"Accepit vocem lacrimis Lavinia matris","translation":"Lavinia took in her mother's words, her burning cheeks","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Accepit","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"took in"},{"surface":"vocem","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"lacrimis","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"Lavinia","lemma":"lauinia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lavinia"},{"surface":"matris","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b12-l65","source":"flagrantis perfusa genas, quoi plurimus ignem","translation":"drenched in tears; a deep blush had lit a fire","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"flagrantis","lemma":"flagro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"perfusa","lemma":"perfundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"drenched"},{"surface":"genas","lemma":"gena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"quoi","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"in her"},{"surface":"plurimus","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"greatest"},{"surface":"ignem","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b12-l66","source":"subiecit rubor et calefacta per ora cucurrit.","translation":"beneath them, and ran across her heated face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"subiecit","lemma":"subicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lit"},{"surface":"rubor","lemma":"rubor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"blush"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"calefacta","lemma":"calefacio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"heated"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"cucurrit","lemma":"curro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b12-l67","source":"Indum sanguineo veluti violaverit ostro","translation":"As if someone had stained Indian ivory with blood-red","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Indum","lemma":"indus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"Indian"},{"surface":"sanguineo","lemma":"sanguineus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"blood-red"},{"surface":"veluti","lemma":"ueluti","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"violaverit","lemma":"uiolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"stained"},{"surface":"ostro","lemma":"ostrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"purple dye"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b12-l68","source":"siquis ebur, aut mixta rubent ubi lilia multa","translation":"purple, or as when white lilies blush, many of them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"siquis","lemma":"siquis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ebur","lemma":"ebur","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ivory"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"mixta","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been mixed"},{"surface":"rubent","lemma":"rubeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"blush"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"lilia","lemma":"lilium","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"lilies"},{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b12-l69","source":"alba rosa: talis virgo dabat ore colores.","translation":"mixed in with a rose: such colors the girl gave from her face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"alba","lemma":"albus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"rosa","lemma":"rosa","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"talis","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"virgo","lemma":"uirgo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the girl"},{"surface":"dabat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from her face"},{"surface":"colores","lemma":"color","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"colors"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b12-l70","source":"Illum turbat amor, figitque in virgine voltus:","translation":"Love troubles him, and he fixes his eyes on the girl;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l70.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Illum turbat amor","title":"The one statement of his love","body":"Illum turbat amor, 'love troubles him', is the only line in the poem where Vergil says directly that Turnus is in love with Lavinia. amor here is the subject of turbat, 'troubles', acting on Turnus rather than merely felt by him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Illum","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"turbat","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"troubles"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"figitque","lemma":"figo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fixes"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"virgine","lemma":"uirgo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the girl"},{"surface":"voltus","lemma":"uultus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"his eyes"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b12-l71","source":"ardet in arma magis paucisque adfatur Amatam.","translation":"he burns for arms the more, and says a few words to Amata:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ardet","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"burns"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"magis","lemma":"magis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"the more"},{"surface":"paucisque","lemma":"paucus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a few words"},{"surface":"adfatur","lemma":"affor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"addresses"},{"surface":"Amatam","lemma":"amata","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Amata"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b12-l72","source":"“Ne, quaeso, ne me lacrimis neve omine tanto","translation":"“Do not, I beg you, do not send me off with tears, nor with an omen","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"quaeso","lemma":"quaeso","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"lacrimis","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"neve","lemma":"neue","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"omine","lemma":"omen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with an omen"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so heavy"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b12-l73","source":"prosequere in duri certamina Martis euntem,","translation":"so heavy, as I go into the contests of hard war,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prosequere","lemma":"prosequor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"send off"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"duri","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"certamina","lemma":"certamen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"contests"},{"surface":"Martis","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"euntem","lemma":"eo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"as I go"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b12-l74","source":"O mater; neque enim Turno mora libera mortis.","translation":"mother; Turnus is not free to put death off.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"mater","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for Turnus"},{"surface":"mora","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"libera","lemma":"liber","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"mortis","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b12-l75","source":"Nuntius haec Idmon Phrygio mea dicta tyranno","translation":"Idmon, herald, carry these words of mine to the Phrygian tyrant,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nuntius","lemma":"nuntius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"Idmon","lemma":"idmon","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Idmon"},{"surface":"Phrygio","lemma":"phrygius","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Phrygian"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"tyranno","lemma":"tyrannus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the tyrant"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b12-l76","source":"haud placitura refer: cum primum crastina caelo","translation":"they will not please him: as soon as tomorrow's Dawn","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"placitura","lemma":"placeo","morphology":"participle, future active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"about to please"},{"surface":"refer","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"soon as"},{"surface":"crastina","lemma":"crastinus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tomorrow's"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b12-l77","source":"puniceis invecta rotis Aurora rubebit,","translation":"reddens in the sky, riding on her crimson wheels,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"puniceis","lemma":"puniceus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"crimson"},{"surface":"invecta","lemma":"inueho","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"riding"},{"surface":"rotis","lemma":"rota","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wheels"},{"surface":"Aurora","lemma":"aurora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"rubebit","lemma":"rubeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will redden"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b12-l78","source":"non Teucros agat in Rutulos, Teucrum arma quiescant","translation":"let him not drive Teucrians at Rutulians; let Teucrian arms rest","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Teucros","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"agat","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let him drive"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Rutulos","lemma":"rutuli","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"Teucrum","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Teucrians"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"quiescant","lemma":"quiesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"rest"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b12-l79","source":"et Rutuli; nostro dirimamus sanguine bellum,","translation":"and Rutulian; with our own blood let us break the war off,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Rutuli","lemma":"rutuli","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"nostro","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our own"},{"surface":"dirimamus","lemma":"dirimo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"break off"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"bellum","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b12-l80","source":"illo quaeratur coniunx Lavinia campo.”","translation":"on that field let Lavinia be sought as a wife.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"illo","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on that"},{"surface":"quaeratur","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive passive","role":"command","gloss":"is sought"},{"surface":"coniunx","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"as wife"},{"surface":"Lavinia","lemma":"lauinia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lavinia"},{"surface":"campo","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"field"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b12-l81","source":"Haec ubi dicta dedit rapidusque in tecta recessit.","translation":"When he had given these words and withdrawn quickly indoors,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"rapidusque","lemma":"rapidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tecta","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"recessit","lemma":"recedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"withdrew"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b12-l82","source":"poscit equos gaudetque tuens ante ora frementis,","translation":"he calls for his horses, and rejoices to see them snorting before his face,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"poscit","lemma":"posco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls for"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"gaudetque","lemma":"gaudeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoices"},{"surface":"tuens","lemma":"tueor","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"frementis","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"snorting"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b12-l83","source":"Pilumno quos ipsa decus dedit Orithyia,","translation":"the ones Orithyia herself gave to Pilumnus for his glory,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pilumno","lemma":"pilumnus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Pilumnus"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"decus","lemma":"decus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"Orithyia","lemma":"orithyia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Orithyia"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b12-l84","source":"qui candore nives anteirent, cursibus auras.","translation":"which would go past snow for whiteness, and past the winds for running.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"candore","lemma":"candor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"whiteness"},{"surface":"nives","lemma":"nix","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"snows"},{"surface":"anteirent","lemma":"anteeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"would go past"},{"surface":"cursibus","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for running"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the winds"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b12-l85","source":"Circumstant properi aurigae manibusque lacessunt","translation":"The drivers stand round in a hurry and slap at their chests","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Circumstant","lemma":"circumsto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"properi","lemma":"properus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in a hurry"},{"surface":"aurigae","lemma":"auriga","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the drivers"},{"surface":"manibusque","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"lacessunt","lemma":"lacesso","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"slap at"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b12-l86","source":"pectora plausa cavis et colla comantia pectunt.","translation":"with cupped hands, and comb out the maned necks.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"chests"},{"surface":"plausa","lemma":"plaudo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"slapped"},{"surface":"cavis","lemma":"cauus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cupped"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"colla","lemma":"collum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"necks"},{"surface":"comantia","lemma":"como","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"maned"},{"surface":"pectunt","lemma":"pecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"comb"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b12-l87","source":"Ipse dehinc auro squalentem alboque orichalco","translation":"Then he himself puts round his shoulders the corselet stiff","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"dehinc","lemma":"dehinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with gold"},{"surface":"squalentem","lemma":"squaleo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stiff"},{"surface":"alboque","lemma":"albus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"orichalco","lemma":"orichalcum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with orichalc"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b12-l88","source":"circumdat loricam umeris; simul aptat habendo","translation":"with gold and white orichalc; and fits to his hand at the same time","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"circumdat","lemma":"circumdo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"puts round"},{"surface":"loricam","lemma":"lorica","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"umeris","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at the same time"},{"surface":"aptat","lemma":"apto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fits"},{"surface":"habendo","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"gerund, ablative","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to his hand"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b12-l89","source":"ensemque clipeumque et rubrae cornua cristae.","translation":"sword and shield and the horns of his red crest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ensemque","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"clipeumque","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"and shield"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rubrae","lemma":"ruber","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"cornua","lemma":"cornu","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"horns"},{"surface":"cristae","lemma":"crista","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"crest"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b12-l90","source":"ensem, quem Dauno ignipotens deus ipse parenti","translation":"the sword the god who is master of fire had made himself","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Dauno","lemma":"daunus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for Daunus"},{"surface":"ignipotens","lemma":"ignipotens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"master of fire"},{"surface":"deus","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"parenti","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b12-l91","source":"fecerat et Stygia candentem tinxerat unda.","translation":"for his father Daunus, and dipped white-hot in the Stygian water.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fecerat","lemma":"facio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Stygia","lemma":"stygius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Stygian"},{"surface":"candentem","lemma":"candeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"white-hot"},{"surface":"tinxerat","lemma":"tingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had dipped"},{"surface":"unda","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the water"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b12-l92","source":"Exin quae mediis ingenti adnixa columnae","translation":"Then the spear that stood leaning against a great column","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Exin","lemma":"exin","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"mediis","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"ingenti","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"adnixa","lemma":"annitor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having leaned"},{"surface":"columnae","lemma":"columna","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"columns"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b12-l93","source":"aedibus adstabat, validam vi corripit hastam,","translation":"in the middle of the hall, he snatches up by main force,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aedibus","lemma":"aedes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"adstabat","lemma":"adsto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"validam","lemma":"ualidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"corripit","lemma":"corripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"snatches up"},{"surface":"hastam","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b12-l94","source":"Actoris Aurunci spolium, quassatque trementem","translation":"spoil of Actor the Auruncan, and shakes it till it shudders,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Actoris","lemma":"actor","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Actor"},{"surface":"Aurunci","lemma":"auruncus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the Auruncan"},{"surface":"spolium","lemma":"spolium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"spoil"},{"surface":"quassatque","lemma":"quasso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shakes"},{"surface":"trementem","lemma":"tremo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shuddering"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b12-l95","source":"vociferans: “Nunc, O numquam frustrata vocatus","translation":"shouting: “Now, spear that has never failed me when I called,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vociferans","lemma":"uociferor","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"Nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"numquam","lemma":"numquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"frustrata","lemma":"frustror","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent vocative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having failed"},{"surface":"vocatus","lemma":"uocatus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"calls"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b12-l96","source":"hasta meos, nunc tempus adest: te maximus Actor","translation":"now the time is here. The great Actor carried you once;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"meos","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tempus","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"adest","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is here"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"maximus","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Actor","lemma":"actor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Actor"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b12-l97","source":"te Turni nunc dextra gerit. Da sternere corpus","translation":"now the right hand of Turnus carries you. Grant me to lay out the body,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"gerit","lemma":"gero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"Da","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"sternere","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to lay low"},{"surface":"corpus","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"body"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b12-l98","source":"loricamque manu valida lacerare revulsam","translation":"to tear off the corselet with a strong hand and rip it open,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"loricamque","lemma":"lorica","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the corselet"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"valida","lemma":"ualidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"lacerare","lemma":"lacero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to tear off"},{"surface":"revulsam","lemma":"reuello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ripped off"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b12-l99","source":"semiviri Phrygis et foedare in pulvere crinis","translation":"the corselet of the half-man Phrygian, and to foul in the dust the hair","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"semiviri","lemma":"semiuir","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"half-man"},{"surface":"Phrygis","lemma":"phryx","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Phrygian"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"foedare","lemma":"foedo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to foul"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"pulvere","lemma":"puluis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the dust"},{"surface":"crinis","lemma":"crinis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hairs"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b12-l100","source":"vibratos calido ferro murraque madentis.”","translation":"he curls with a hot iron and soaks with myrrh.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vibratos","lemma":"uibro","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"curled"},{"surface":"calido","lemma":"calidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"murraque","lemma":"murra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"myrrh"},{"surface":"madentis","lemma":"madeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"soaked"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b12-l101","source":"His agitur furiis; totoque ardentis ab ore","translation":"These are the furies that drive him; from his whole burning face","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"His","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by these"},{"surface":"agitur","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is driven"},{"surface":"furiis","lemma":"furia","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"furies"},{"surface":"totoque","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ardentis","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b12-l102","source":"scintillae absistunt, oculis micat acribus ignis:","translation":"sparks jump away, and fire flashes in his keen eyes:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"scintillae","lemma":"scintilla","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"sparks"},{"surface":"absistunt","lemma":"absisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"jump away"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"micat","lemma":"mico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flashes"},{"surface":"acribus","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"keen"},{"surface":"ignis","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b12-l103","source":"mugitus veluti cum prima in proelia taurus","translation":"as when a bull going into his first fight raises","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mugitus","lemma":"mugitus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"bellowings"},{"surface":"veluti","lemma":"ueluti","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fight"},{"surface":"taurus","lemma":"taurus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"bull"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b12-l104","source":"terrificos ciet atque irasci in cornua temptat,","translation":"a terrifying bellowing, and tries to drive his anger into his horns,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terrificos","lemma":"terrificus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"terrifying"},{"surface":"ciet","lemma":"cieo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"raises"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"irasci","lemma":"irascor","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to drive his anger"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cornua","lemma":"cornu","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"his horns"},{"surface":"temptat","lemma":"tempto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"tries"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b12-l105","source":"arboris obnixus trunco, ventosque lacessit","translation":"shoving against a tree's trunk, and challenges the winds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arboris","lemma":"arbor","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"obnixus","lemma":"obnitor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pressing"},{"surface":"trunco","lemma":"truncus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"against the trunk"},{"surface":"ventosque","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"lacessit","lemma":"lacesso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"challenges"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b12-l106","source":"ictibus aut sparsa ad pugnam proludit harena.","translation":"with his blows, or scatters the sand in rehearsal for the battle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ictibus","lemma":"ictus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his blows"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"sparsa","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been scattered"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"pugnam","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the battle"},{"surface":"proludit","lemma":"proludo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"rehearses"},{"surface":"harena","lemma":"harena","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"sand"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b12-l107","source":"Nec minus interea maternis saevos in armis","translation":"No less meanwhile, savage in the arms his mother gave him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"minus","lemma":"minus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"maternis","lemma":"maternus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"his mother's"},{"surface":"saevos","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"arms"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b12-l108","source":"Aeneas acuit Martem et se suscitat ira,","translation":"Aeneas whets his war and rouses himself with anger,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"acuit","lemma":"acuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"whets"},{"surface":"Martem","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"his war"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"suscitat","lemma":"suscito","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rouses"},{"surface":"ira","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with anger"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b12-l109","source":"oblato gaudens componi foedere bellum,","translation":"glad that the war is being settled by the treaty offered him;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"oblato","lemma":"offero","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"offered"},{"surface":"gaudens","lemma":"gaudeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"componi","lemma":"compono","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be settled"},{"surface":"foedere","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by the treaty"},{"surface":"bellum","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b12-l110","source":"tum socios maestique metum solatur Iuli,","translation":"then he comforts his companions and the fear of grieving Iulus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"socios","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"maestique","lemma":"maestus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"metum","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"solatur","lemma":"solor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"comforts"},{"surface":"Iuli","lemma":"iulus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Iulus"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b12-l111","source":"fata docens, regique iubet responsa Latino","translation":"teaching them the fates; and he orders men to carry a firm answer","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"docens","lemma":"doceo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"teaching"},{"surface":"regique","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"iubet","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"orders"},{"surface":"responsa","lemma":"responsum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"answers"},{"surface":"Latino","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Latinus"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b12-l112","source":"certa referre viros et pacis dicere leges.","translation":"back to king Latinus and to state the terms of the peace.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l112.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pacis ... leges","title":"Terms, not law in the abstract","body":"lex here means a clause or article of an agreement, not law as a general idea. pacis leges, 'the terms of the peace', names the specific wording of a settlement, the vocabulary of a Roman treaty being drawn up."}],"words":[{"surface":"certa","lemma":"certus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"referre","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to bring back"},{"surface":"viros","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pacis","lemma":"pax","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the peace"},{"surface":"dicere","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to state"},{"surface":"leges","lemma":"lex","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"terms"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b12-l113","source":"Postera vix summos spargebat lumine montis","translation":"The next day, rising, had barely scattered its light on the mountain tops,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Postera","lemma":"posterus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"vix","lemma":"uix","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"summos","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the tops"},{"surface":"spargebat","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"lumine","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"montis","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"mountains"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b12-l114","source":"orta dies, cum primum alto se gurgite tollunt","translation":"at the hour when the horses of the Sun first lift themselves","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"orta","lemma":"orior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"risen"},{"surface":"dies","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"gurgite","lemma":"gurges","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"out of the swell"},{"surface":"tollunt","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"lift"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b12-l115","source":"solis equi lucemque elatis naribus efflant:","translation":"out of the deep swell and breathe daylight from their raised nostrils:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"solis","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"equi","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"lucemque","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"daylight"},{"surface":"elatis","lemma":"effero","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"naribus","lemma":"naris","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"nostrils"},{"surface":"efflant","lemma":"efflo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"blow or breathe out"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b12-l116","source":"campum ad certamen magnae sub moenibus urbis","translation":"Rutulian men and Teucrian were measuring out the field","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"campum","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"certamen","lemma":"certamen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the contest"},{"surface":"magnae","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"moenibus","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"urbis","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b12-l117","source":"dimensi Rutulique viri Teucrique parabant","translation":"for the contest under the walls of the great city, and making ready","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dimensi","lemma":"dimetior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having measured out"},{"surface":"Rutulique","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Rutulian"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Teucrique","lemma":"teucrus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Teucrian"},{"surface":"parabant","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were making ready"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b12-l118","source":"in medioque focos et dis communibus aras","translation":"in the middle of it hearths, and altars of turf for the gods","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"medioque","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the middle","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"focos","lemma":"focus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hearths"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dis","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for the gods"},{"surface":"communibus","lemma":"communis","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in common"},{"surface":"aras","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"altars"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b12-l119","source":"gramineas. Alii fontemque ignemque ferebant,","translation":"both peoples hold in common. Others were carrying spring water and fire,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"gramineas","lemma":"gramineus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of turf"},{"surface":"Alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"fontemque","lemma":"fons","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"ignemque","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ferebant","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were carrying"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b12-l120","source":"velati limo et verbena tempora vincti.","translation":"aproned in linen, their temples bound with the holy branch.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"velati","lemma":"uelo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"aproned"},{"surface":"limo","lemma":"limus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in linen"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"verbena","lemma":"uerbena","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"leafy branch"},{"surface":"tempora","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"vincti","lemma":"uincio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been bound"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b12-l121","source":"Procedit legio Ausonidum, pilataque plenis","translation":"The levy of Ausonia's sons comes on, and the javelin-armed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Procedit","lemma":"procedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes on"},{"surface":"legio","lemma":"legio","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the levy"},{"surface":"Ausonidum","lemma":"ausonidae","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Ausonia's sons"},{"surface":"pilataque","lemma":"pilatus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"javelin-armed"},{"surface":"plenis","lemma":"plenus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"crowded"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b12-l122","source":"agmina se fundunt portis. Hinc Troïus omnis","translation":"columns pour themselves out of the crowded gates. On this side the whole","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"columns"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"fundunt","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pour"},{"surface":"portis","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"Hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on this side"},{"surface":"Troïus","lemma":"troius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the whole"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b12-l123","source":"Tyrrhenusque ruit variis exercitus armis,","translation":"Trojan and Tyrrhenian army rushes out in its various arms,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tyrrhenusque","lemma":"tyrrhenus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrrhenian"},{"surface":"ruit","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushes"},{"surface":"variis","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"various"},{"surface":"exercitus","lemma":"exercitus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"army"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in arms"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b12-l124","source":"haud secus instructi ferro, quam si aspera Martis","translation":"equipped with iron no otherwise than if the harsh fighting","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"secus","lemma":"secus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"instructi","lemma":"instruo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"equipped"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"quam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"aspera","lemma":"asper","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"Martis","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of war"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b12-l125","source":"pugna vocet; nec non mediis in milibus ipsi","translation":"of war were calling them; and among the thousands the captains themselves","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pugna","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"vocet","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"mediis","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"milibus","lemma":"mille","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"thousands"},{"surface":"ipsi","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b12-l126","source":"ductores auro volitant ostroque decori,","translation":"go flying, splendid in gold and purple:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ductores","lemma":"ductor","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the captains"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in gold"},{"surface":"volitant","lemma":"uolito","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fly about"},{"surface":"ostroque","lemma":"ostrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"purple dye"},{"surface":"decori","lemma":"decorus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"splendid"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b12-l127","source":"et genus Assaraci Mnestheus et fortis Asilas","translation":"Mnestheus of the stock of Assaracus, and brave Asilas,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"stock"},{"surface":"Assaraci","lemma":"assaracus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Assaracus"},{"surface":"Mnestheus","lemma":"mnestheus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mnestheus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fortis","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Asilas","lemma":"asilas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Asilas"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b12-l128","source":"et Messapus equum domitor, Neptunia proles.","translation":"and Messapus, tamer of horses, Neptune's offspring.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Messapus","lemma":"messapus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Messapus"},{"surface":"equum","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of horses"},{"surface":"domitor","lemma":"domitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"tamer"},{"surface":"Neptunia","lemma":"neptunius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Neptune"},{"surface":"proles","lemma":"proles","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"offspring"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b12-l129","source":"Utque dato signo spatia in sua quisque recessit,","translation":"And when at the given signal each had drawn back into his own ground,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Utque","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"dato","lemma":"do","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been given"},{"surface":"signo","lemma":"signum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at the signal"},{"surface":"spatia","lemma":"spatium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"quisque","lemma":"quisque","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"recessit","lemma":"recedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had drawn back"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b12-l130","source":"defigunt tellure hastas et scuta reclinant.","translation":"they fix their spears in the earth and lean their shields down.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"defigunt","lemma":"defigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fix"},{"surface":"tellure","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"hastas","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"scuta","lemma":"scutum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"reclinant","lemma":"reclino","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lean down"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b12-l131","source":"Tum studio effusae matres et volgus inermum","translation":"Then mothers poured out in their eagerness, and the unarmed crowd,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"studio","lemma":"studium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in eagerness"},{"surface":"effusae","lemma":"effundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having poured out"},{"surface":"matres","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mothers"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"volgus","lemma":"uulgus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"crowd"},{"surface":"inermum","lemma":"inermis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unarmed"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b12-l132","source":"invalidique senes turris ac tecta domorum","translation":"and old men with no strength left, and they took the towers","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"invalidique","lemma":"inualidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"with no strength left"},{"surface":"senes","lemma":"senex","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"turris","lemma":"turris","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"towers"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tecta","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"roofs"},{"surface":"domorum","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the houses"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b12-l133","source":"obsedere, alii portis sublimibus adstant.","translation":"and the roofs of the houses; others stand at the high gates.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obsedere","lemma":"obsideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"portis","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"sublimibus","lemma":"sublimis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"adstant","lemma":"adsto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b12-l134","source":"At Iuno e summo, qui nunc Albanus habetur,","translation":"But Juno, from the top of the hill now reckoned the Alban,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"summo","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the top"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Albanus","lemma":"albanus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"the Alban"},{"surface":"habetur","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is reckoned"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b12-l135","source":"tum neque nomen erat nec honos aut gloria monti,","translation":"then the mountain had no name, no honor, no fame,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"no","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"honos","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"gloria","lemma":"gloria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"monti","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"mountain"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b12-l136","source":"prospiciens tumulo campum aspectabat et ambas","translation":"looked out from the mound and watched the plain, and both","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prospiciens","lemma":"prospicio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"looking out"},{"surface":"tumulo","lemma":"tumulus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the mound"},{"surface":"campum","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"aspectabat","lemma":"aspecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ambas","lemma":"ambo","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b12-l137","source":"Laurentum Troumque acies urbemque Latini.","translation":"battle lines, of Laurentines and of Trojans, and the city of Latinus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Laurentum","lemma":"laurens","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Laurentines"},{"surface":"Troumque","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"battle lines"},{"surface":"urbemque","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"Latini","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Latinus"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b12-l138","source":"Extemplo Turni sic est adfata sororem","translation":"At once, goddess to goddess, she spoke to the sister of Turnus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Extemplo","lemma":"extemplo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"adfata","lemma":"affor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"sororem","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sister"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b12-l139","source":"diva deam, stagnis quae fluminibusque sonoris","translation":"who presides over standing pools and sounding rivers,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"diva","lemma":"diua","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"deam","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"to goddess"},{"surface":"stagnis","lemma":"stagnum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"over standing pools"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"fluminibusque","lemma":"flumen","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"and rivers"},{"surface":"sonoris","lemma":"sonorus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sounding"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b12-l140","source":"praesidet (hunc illi rex aetheris altus honorem","translation":"an honor which the high king of the upper air, Jupiter,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praesidet","lemma":"praesideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"presides over"},{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"aetheris","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"upper air"},{"surface":"altus","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"honorem","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"honor"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b12-l141","source":"Iuppiter erepta pro virginitate sacravit):","translation":"made holy to her in payment for the virginity he took:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"erepta","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"virginitate","lemma":"uirginitas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"virginity"},{"surface":"sacravit","lemma":"sacro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"made holy"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b12-l142","source":"“Nympha, decus fluviorum, animo gratissima nostro,","translation":"“Nymph, glory of the rivers, dearest of all to my heart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nympha","lemma":"nympha","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"nymph"},{"surface":"decus","lemma":"decus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular neuter","role":"address","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"fluviorum","lemma":"fluuius","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the rivers"},{"surface":"animo","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to my heart"},{"surface":"gratissima","lemma":"gratus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular feminine, superlative","role":"address","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"nostro","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b12-l143","source":"scis ut te cunctis unam, quaecumque Latinae","translation":"you know how I preferred you, you alone, above every Latin woman","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"scis","lemma":"scio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"cunctis","lemma":"cunctus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"above every"},{"surface":"unam","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"quaecumque","lemma":"quicumque","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"Latinae","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Latin"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b12-l144","source":"magnanimi Iovis ingratum ascendere cubile,","translation":"who has climbed into great-hearted Jove's thankless bed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"magnanimi","lemma":"magnanimus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Iovis","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Jove's"},{"surface":"ingratum","lemma":"ingratus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"thankless"},{"surface":"ascendere","lemma":"ascendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to climb"},{"surface":"cubile","lemma":"cubile","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bed"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b12-l145","source":"praetulerim caelique lubens in parte locarim:","translation":"and gladly set you in a portion of the sky:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praetulerim","lemma":"praefero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"preferred"},{"surface":"caelique","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the sky"},{"surface":"lubens","lemma":"libens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"a portion"},{"surface":"locarim","lemma":"loco","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b12-l146","source":"disce tuum, ne me incuses, Iuturna, dolorem.","translation":"learn what your grief is, Juturna, so that you do not charge me with it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"disce","lemma":"disco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"learn"},{"surface":"tuum","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"incuses","lemma":"incuso","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you charge"},{"surface":"Iuturna","lemma":"iuturna","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Juturna"},{"surface":"dolorem","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b12-l147","source":"Qua visa est Fortuna pati Parcaeque sinebant","translation":"So far as Fortune seemed to permit, and the Fates were allowing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so far as"},{"surface":"visa","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"pati","lemma":"patior","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to allow"},{"surface":"Parcaeque","lemma":"parca","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Fates"},{"surface":"sinebant","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were allowing"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b12-l148","source":"cedere res Latio, Turnum et tua moenia texi:","translation":"things to go Latium's way, I sheltered Turnus and your walls;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cedere","lemma":"cedo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"res","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"Latio","lemma":"latium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Latium"},{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"texi","lemma":"tego","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sheltered"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b12-l149","source":"nunc iuvenem imparibus video concurrere fatis,","translation":"now I see the young man closing with fates that do not match him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l149.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"imparibus ... fatis","title":"Fates called unequal","body":"impar means mismatched, an opponent out of the other's class. imparibus fatis, 'with unequal fates', states that the coming duel is not a fair contest, using a single adjective to say so before it happens."}],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"iuvenem","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"imparibus","lemma":"impar","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"not matching him"},{"surface":"video","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"concurrere","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"closing"},{"surface":"fatis","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"fates"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b12-l150","source":"Parcarumque dies et vis inimica propinquat.","translation":"and the day of the Fates and the enemy force come close.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Parcarumque","lemma":"parca","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Fates'"},{"surface":"dies","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the day"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vis","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"inimica","lemma":"inimicus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"propinquat","lemma":"propinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"come close"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b12-l151","source":"Non pugnam aspicere hanc oculis, non foedera possum.","translation":"I cannot look at this fight with my eyes, nor at the treaty.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pugnam","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"this fight"},{"surface":"aspicere","lemma":"aspicio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to look at"},{"surface":"hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the treaty"},{"surface":"possum","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I cannot"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b12-l152","source":"Tu pro germano siquid praesentius audes,","translation":"If you dare anything more direct on your brother's behalf,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on behalf of"},{"surface":"germano","lemma":"germanus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"your brother"},{"surface":"siquid","lemma":"siquis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"praesentius","lemma":"praesens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"more direct"},{"surface":"audes","lemma":"audeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"dare"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b12-l153","source":"perge: decet. Forsan miseros meliora sequentur.”","translation":"go on: it is right. Perhaps better things will follow the wretched.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"perge","lemma":"pergo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"go on"},{"surface":"decet","lemma":"decet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is right"},{"surface":"Forsan","lemma":"forsan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"miseros","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"meliora","lemma":"melior","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"better things"},{"surface":"sequentur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"will follow"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b12-l154","source":"Vix ea, cum lacrimas oculis Iuturna profudit","translation":"She had scarcely said it when Juturna poured tears from her eyes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vix","lemma":"uix","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"scarcely"},{"surface":"ea","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"lacrimas","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"Iuturna","lemma":"iuturna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juturna"},{"surface":"profudit","lemma":"profundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"poured forth"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b12-l155","source":"terque quaterque manu pectus percussit honestum.","translation":"and three times and four times struck her comely breast with her hand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terque","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"quaterque","lemma":"quater","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"four times"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"pectus","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"percussit","lemma":"percutio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"honestum","lemma":"honestus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"comely"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b12-l156","source":"“Non lacrumis hoc tempus,” ait Saturnia Iuno:","translation":"“This is no time for tears,” says Saturn's daughter Juno.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lacrumis","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for tears"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tempus","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"Saturnia","lemma":"saturnius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Saturn's daughter"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b12-l157","source":"“Adcelera et fratrem, siquis modus, eripe morti,","translation":"“Be quick, and if there is any way, snatch your brother out of death,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Adcelera","lemma":"accelero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"be quick"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fratrem","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"siquis","lemma":"siquis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"modus","lemma":"modus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"eripe","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"snatch away"},{"surface":"morti","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b12-l158","source":"aut tu bella cie conceptumque excute foedus:","translation":"or else stir up war and shake off the treaty they have drawn.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l158.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"conceptum ... foedus","title":"One verb, two directions","body":"concipere, here as conceptum, 'drawn up', is the verb Turnus used earlier for making the treaty. Juno uses the same verb's object, foedus, 'treaty', when ordering it broken, so the making and the breaking share one word."}],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"cie","lemma":"cieo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"stir up"},{"surface":"conceptumque","lemma":"concipio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawn up"},{"surface":"excute","lemma":"excutio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"shake off"},{"surface":"foedus","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the treaty"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b12-l159","source":"auctor ego audendi.” Sic exhortata reliquit","translation":"I stand behind the daring.” Having urged her so, she left her","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"auctor","lemma":"auctor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"audendi","lemma":"audeo","morphology":"gerund, genitive","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"daring"},{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"exhortata","lemma":"exhortor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having urged"},{"surface":"reliquit","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"left behind"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b12-l160","source":"incertam et tristi turbatam volnere mentis.","translation":"uncertain, and shaken by the grim wound in her mind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incertam","lemma":"incertus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"uncertain"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tristi","lemma":"tristis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"turbatam","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaken"},{"surface":"volnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"mentis","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mind"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b12-l161","source":"Interea reges, ingenti mole Latinus","translation":"Meanwhile the kings come on: Latinus, an enormous bulk,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"reges","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"ingenti","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"mole","lemma":"moles","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"a bulk"},{"surface":"Latinus","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Latinus"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b12-l162","source":"quadriiugo vehitur curru, cui tempora circum","translation":"is carried on a four-horse chariot, and around his temples","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quadriiugo","lemma":"quadriiugus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"four-horse"},{"surface":"vehitur","lemma":"ueho","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is carried"},{"surface":"curru","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"and his"},{"surface":"tempora","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b12-l163","source":"aurati bis sex radii fulgentia cingunt,","translation":"twice six gilded rays go circling and shining,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aurati","lemma":"auratus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gilded"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"twice"},{"surface":"sex","lemma":"sex","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"radii","lemma":"radius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"rays"},{"surface":"fulgentia","lemma":"fulgeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"cingunt","lemma":"cingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"go circling"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b12-l164","source":"Solis avi specimen; bigis it Turnus in albis,","translation":"the token of the Sun his forebear; Turnus rides in a car of white pairs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Solis","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Sun's"},{"surface":"avi","lemma":"auus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"his forebear"},{"surface":"specimen","lemma":"specimen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"the token"},{"surface":"bigis","lemma":"biga","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a car of pairs"},{"surface":"it","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rides"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"albis","lemma":"albus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"white"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b12-l165","source":"bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro;","translation":"brandishing in his hand two shafts with broad iron heads;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bina","lemma":"bini","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"two by two"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"lato","lemma":"latus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"crispans","lemma":"crispo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brandishing"},{"surface":"hastilia","lemma":"hastile","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"spear shaft"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b12-l166","source":"hinc pater Aeneas, Romanae stirpis origo,","translation":"from the other side father Aeneas, the origin of the Roman stock,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from the other side"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Romanae","lemma":"romanus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Roman"},{"surface":"stirpis","lemma":"stirps","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the stock"},{"surface":"origo","lemma":"origo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the origin"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b12-l167","source":"sidereo flagrans clipeo et caelestibus armis,","translation":"blazing with his starry shield and his heavenly arms,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sidereo","lemma":"sidereus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"starry"},{"surface":"flagrans","lemma":"flagro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"clipeo","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"caelestibus","lemma":"caelestis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavenly"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his arms"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b12-l168","source":"et iuxta Ascanius, magnae spes altera Romae,","translation":"and Ascanius beside him, the second hope of great Rome,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"iuxta","lemma":"iuxta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"beside him"},{"surface":"Ascanius","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"magnae","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"spes","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"altera","lemma":"alter","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"Romae","lemma":"roma","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Rome"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b12-l169","source":"procedunt castris, puraque in veste sacerdos","translation":"come out of the camp; and a priest in a clean robe","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"procedunt","lemma":"procedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"come out"},{"surface":"castris","lemma":"castra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"of the camp"},{"surface":"puraque","lemma":"purus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"clean"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"veste","lemma":"uestis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"a robe"},{"surface":"sacerdos","lemma":"sacerdos","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"a priest"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b12-l170","source":"saetigeri fetum suis intonsamque bidentem","translation":"brought the young of a bristled sow and an unshorn two-year sheep,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"saetigeri","lemma":"saetiger","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bristled"},{"surface":"fetum","lemma":"fetus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the young"},{"surface":"suis","lemma":"sus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"sow"},{"surface":"intonsamque","lemma":"intonsus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unshorn"},{"surface":"bidentem","lemma":"bidens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b12-l171","source":"adtulit admovitque pecus flagrantibus aris.","translation":"and led the animals up to the blazing altars.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adtulit","lemma":"affero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"admovitque","lemma":"admoueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"led up"},{"surface":"pecus","lemma":"pecus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the animals"},{"surface":"flagrantibus","lemma":"flagro","morphology":"participle, present active dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"aris","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the altars"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b12-l172","source":"Illi ad surgentem conversi lumina solem","translation":"They, turning their eyes toward the rising sun,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"surgentem","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"conversi","lemma":"conuerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having turned around"},{"surface":"lumina","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"their eyes"},{"surface":"solem","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the sun"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b12-l173","source":"dant fruges manibus salsas et tempora ferro","translation":"give the salted meal from their hands, and mark the tops","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dant","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"fruges","lemma":"frux","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"meal"},{"surface":"manibus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"salsas","lemma":"salsus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"salted"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tempora","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the tops"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b12-l174","source":"summa notant pecudum paterisque altaria libant.","translation":"of the beasts' foreheads with iron, and pour from bowls on the altars.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"summa","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the tops"},{"surface":"notant","lemma":"noto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"mark"},{"surface":"pecudum","lemma":"pecus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the beasts"},{"surface":"paterisque","lemma":"patera","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bowls"},{"surface":"altaria","lemma":"altare","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the altars"},{"surface":"libant","lemma":"libo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pour"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b12-l175","source":"Tum pius Aeneas stricto sic ense precatur:","translation":"Then dutiful Aeneas prays like this, with his sword drawn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"pius","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dutiful"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"stricto","lemma":"stringo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"ense","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"precatur","lemma":"precor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"prays"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b12-l176","source":"“Esto nunc Sol testis et haec mihi Terra vocanti,","translation":"“Be witness to me now, Sun, and you, Earth, as I call on you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esto","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Sun"},{"surface":"testis","lemma":"testis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"witness"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Earth"},{"surface":"vocanti","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"calling"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b12-l177","source":"quam propter tantos potui perferre labores,","translation":"for whose sake I have been able to carry through so many labors,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"propter","lemma":"propter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"tantos","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"potui","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was able"},{"surface":"perferre","lemma":"perfero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to carry through"},{"surface":"labores","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"labors"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b12-l178","source":"et pater omnipotens et tu Saturnia coniunx,","translation":"and the all-powerful father, and you, Saturn's daughter, his wife,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"omnipotens","lemma":"omnipotens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all-powerful"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Saturnia","lemma":"saturnius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Saturn's daughter"},{"surface":"coniunx","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"his wife"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b12-l179","source":"iam melior, iam, diva, precor, tuque inclute Mavors,","translation":"kinder now, now, goddess, I pray; and you, famed Mavors,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l179.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Mavors","title":"The old name of Mars","body":"Mavors is an archaic form of the war god's name, kept in prayer language and in verse after ordinary speech had shortened it to Mars. Aeneas addresses the god by this older name in a formal prayer."}],"words":[{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"melior","lemma":"melior","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"kinder"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"diva","lemma":"diua","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"precor","lemma":"precor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"pray"},{"surface":"tuque","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, vocative singular","role":"address","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"inclute","lemma":"inclutus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"famed"},{"surface":"Mavors","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Mavors"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b12-l180","source":"cuncta tuo qui bella, pater, sub numine torques;","translation":"father, who turn every war beneath your power;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cuncta","lemma":"cunctus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"tuo","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"numine","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"your power"},{"surface":"torques","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"turn"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b12-l181","source":"fontisque fluviosque voco, quaeque aetheris alti","translation":"and I call the springs and the rivers, and whatever holiness is in the high","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fontisque","lemma":"fons","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"springs"},{"surface":"fluviosque","lemma":"fluuius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the rivers","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"voco","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"quaeque","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"aetheris","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"upper air"},{"surface":"alti","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b12-l182","source":"religio et quae caeruleo sunt numina ponto:","translation":"air, and the powers there are in the blue sea:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"religio","lemma":"religio","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"holiness"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"caeruleo","lemma":"caeruleus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"numina","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"powers"},{"surface":"ponto","lemma":"pontus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the sea"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b12-l183","source":"cesserit Ausonio si fors victoria Turno,","translation":"if by chance the victory falls to Ausonian Turnus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cesserit","lemma":"cedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"falls"},{"surface":"Ausonio","lemma":"ausonius","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Ausonian"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"fors","lemma":"fors","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by chance"},{"surface":"victoria","lemma":"uictoria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Turnus"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b12-l184","source":"convenit Evandri victos discedere ad urbem,","translation":"it is agreed that the beaten withdraw to Evander's city;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"convenit","lemma":"conuenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is agreed"},{"surface":"Evandri","lemma":"euander","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Evander's"},{"surface":"victos","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the beaten"},{"surface":"discedere","lemma":"discedo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"withdraw"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b12-l185","source":"cedet Iulus agris, nec post arma ulla rebelles","translation":"Iulus will quit these fields, and after that the followers of Aeneas","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cedet","lemma":"cedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will quit"},{"surface":"Iulus","lemma":"iulus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Iulus"},{"surface":"agris","lemma":"ager","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"post","lemma":"post","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"after that"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"ulla","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"rebelles","lemma":"rebellis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in rebellion"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b12-l186","source":"Aeneadae referent ferrove haec regna lacessent,","translation":"will bring back no arms in rebellion, nor trouble this kingdom with iron.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneadae","lemma":"aeneades","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the followers of Aeneas"},{"surface":"referent","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will bring back"},{"surface":"ferrove","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"regna","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kingdoms"},{"surface":"lacessent","lemma":"lacesso","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will trouble"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b12-l187","source":"sin nostrum adnuerit nobis Victoria Martem","translation":"But if Victory grants our fighting the nod,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but if"},{"surface":"nostrum","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"adnuerit","lemma":"annuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"grants"},{"surface":"nobis","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural","role":"indirect object","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"Victoria","lemma":"uictoria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"Martem","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"our fighting"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b12-l188","source":"(ut potius reor et potius di numine firment),","translation":"(as I rather think, and may the gods rather make it firm by their power),","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"potius","lemma":"potius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"reor","lemma":"reor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"potius","lemma":"potius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"numine","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by their power"},{"surface":"firment","lemma":"firmo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"may make firm"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b12-l189","source":"non ego nec Teucris Italos parere iubebo","translation":"I will not order Italians to obey Teucrians,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"Teucris","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"Italos","lemma":"italus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Italian"},{"surface":"parere","lemma":"pareo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to obey"},{"surface":"iubebo","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will order"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b12-l190","source":"nec mihi regna peto: paribus se legibus ambae","translation":"nor do I seek a kingdom for myself: let both nations, unbeaten,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for myself"},{"surface":"regna","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kingdoms"},{"surface":"peto","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"seek"},{"surface":"paribus","lemma":"par","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"legibus","lemma":"lex","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on terms"},{"surface":"ambae","lemma":"ambo","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b12-l191","source":"invictae gentes aeterna in foedera mittant.","translation":"enter on equal terms into a treaty that has no end.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"invictae","lemma":"inuictus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unbeaten"},{"surface":"gentes","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"nations"},{"surface":"aeterna","lemma":"aeternus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"that have no end"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"a treaty"},{"surface":"mittant","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let enter"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b12-l192","source":"Sacra deosque dabo; socer arma Latinus habeto,","translation":"I will give the rites and the gods; let Latinus my father-in-law hold the arms,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l192.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"habeto","title":"The future imperative","body":"habeto, not habe, is the future imperative form, an order used in Roman statutes and treaties to state what must hold from this point forward. Aeneas uses it for socer arma Latinus habeto, 'let Latinus my father in law hold the arms'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sacra","lemma":"sacrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the rites"},{"surface":"deosque","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"dabo","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"socer","lemma":"socer","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father in law"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the arms"},{"surface":"Latinus","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Latinus"},{"surface":"habeto","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"let hold"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b12-l193","source":"imperium sollemne socer; mihi moenia Teucri","translation":"let my father-in-law hold the customary command; for me the Teucrians","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"imperium","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"sollemne","lemma":"sollemnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"customary"},{"surface":"socer","lemma":"socer","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father in law"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"Teucri","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Teucrians"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b12-l194","source":"constituent, urbique dabit Lavinia nomen.”","translation":"will set up walls, and Lavinia will give the city its name.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"constituent","lemma":"constituo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will set up"},{"surface":"urbique","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"dabit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"Lavinia","lemma":"lauinia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lavinia"},{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"name"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b12-l195","source":"Sic prior Aeneas; sequitur sic deinde Latinus","translation":"So Aeneas first; then Latinus follows so,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"prior","lemma":"prior","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"sequitur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"deinde","lemma":"deinde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Latinus","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Latinus"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b12-l196","source":"suspiciens caelum tenditque ad sidera dextram:","translation":"looking up at the sky and stretching his right hand to the stars:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"suspiciens","lemma":"suspicio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"looking up"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"tenditque","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretches"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the stars"},{"surface":"dextram","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"right hand"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b12-l197","source":"“Haec eadem, Aenea, terram mare sidera iuro","translation":"“By these same things, Aeneas, I swear: by earth, sea, stars,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"eadem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"Aenea","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"terram","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"mare","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"iuro","lemma":"iuro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"swear"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b12-l198","source":"Latonaeque genus duplex Ianumque bifrontem","translation":"and by Latona's double offspring, and Janus of the two faces,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Latonaeque","lemma":"latona","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Latona"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"duplex","lemma":"duplex","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"double"},{"surface":"Ianumque","lemma":"ianus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Janus"},{"surface":"bifrontem","lemma":"bifrons","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"two-faced"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b12-l199","source":"vimque deum infernam et duri sacraria Ditis;","translation":"and the power of the gods below, and the shrines of hard Dis;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vimque","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the power"},{"surface":"deum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"infernam","lemma":"infernus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"duri","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"sacraria","lemma":"sacrarium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the shrines"},{"surface":"Ditis","lemma":"dis","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Dis"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b12-l200","source":"audiat haec genitor, qui foedera fulmine sancit.","translation":"let the father hear this, who makes treaties holy with his bolt.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"audiat","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"hears"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"treaties"},{"surface":"fulmine","lemma":"fulmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his bolt"},{"surface":"sancit","lemma":"sancio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"makes holy"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b12-l201","source":"Tango aras, medios ignis et numina testor:","translation":"I touch the altars, I call the fires between us and the powers to witness:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tango","lemma":"tango","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"touch"},{"surface":"aras","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"altars"},{"surface":"medios","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"between us"},{"surface":"ignis","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"numina","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the powers"},{"surface":"testor","lemma":"testor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"call to witness"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b12-l202","source":"nulla dies pacem hanc Italis nec foedera rumpet,","translation":"no day shall break this peace for the Italians, nor the treaty,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nulla","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"dies","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"pacem","lemma":"pax","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Italis","lemma":"italus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for the Italians"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the treaty"},{"surface":"rumpet","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will break"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b12-l203","source":"quo res cumque cadent; nec me vis ulla volentem","translation":"however things fall out; and no force shall turn me from my will,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"res","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"cumque","lemma":"cumque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"cadent","lemma":"cado","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fall"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and no"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"vis","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"ulla","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"volentem","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"willing"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b12-l204","source":"avertet, non, si tellurem effundat in undas","translation":"none, not if it poured the land out into the waves,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"avertet","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will turn away"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"tellurem","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"effundat","lemma":"effundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"pours out"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"undas","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the waves"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b12-l205","source":"diluvio miscens caelumque in Tartara solvat;","translation":"mixing it in a flood, and dissolved the sky into Tartarus;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"diluvio","lemma":"diluuium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a flood"},{"surface":"miscens","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mixing"},{"surface":"caelumque","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the sky"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Tartara","lemma":"tartarus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Tartarus"},{"surface":"solvat","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"dissolved"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b12-l206","source":"ut sceptrum hoc” (dextra sceptrum nam forte gerebat)","translation":"as surely as this scepter” (for he happened to hold a scepter in his right hand)","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as surely as"},{"surface":"sceptrum","lemma":"sceptrum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his right hand"},{"surface":"sceptrum","lemma":"sceptrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"fors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"gerebat","lemma":"gero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"happened to hold"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b12-l207","source":"“numquam fronde levi fundet virgulta nec umbras,","translation":"“will never put out shoots in light leaf, nor shade,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"numquam","lemma":"numquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"fronde","lemma":"frons","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in leaf"},{"surface":"levi","lemma":"leuis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"fundet","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will put out"},{"surface":"virgulta","lemma":"uirgultum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shoots"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"umbras","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"shade"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b12-l208","source":"cum semel in silvis imo de stirpe recisum","translation":"now that it was once cut in the woods from the base of the stock,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"now that"},{"surface":"semel","lemma":"semel","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"silvis","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the woods"},{"surface":"imo","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the base of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"stirpe","lemma":"stirps","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the stock"},{"surface":"recisum","lemma":"recido","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"cut"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b12-l209","source":"matre caret posuitque comas et bracchia ferro,","translation":"and lost its mother, and laid down its hair and its arms to the iron:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"matre","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"caret","lemma":"careo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"posuitque","lemma":"pono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"laid down"},{"surface":"comas","lemma":"coma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hairs"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bracchia","lemma":"bracchium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b12-l210","source":"olim arbos, nunc artificis manus aere decoro","translation":"once a tree, now a craftsman's hand has cased it in fine bronze","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"olim","lemma":"olim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"arbos","lemma":"arbor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"a tree"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"artificis","lemma":"artifex","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"a craftsman's"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"aere","lemma":"aes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in bronze"},{"surface":"decoro","lemma":"decorus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b12-l211","source":"inclusit patribusque dedit gestare Latinis.”","translation":"and given it to the Latin fathers to carry.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inclusit","lemma":"includo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has cased"},{"surface":"patribusque","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the fathers"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"gestare","lemma":"gesto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to carry about"},{"surface":"Latinis","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Latin"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b12-l212","source":"Talibus inter se firmabant foedera dictis","translation":"With such words they were making the treaty firm between them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"firmabant","lemma":"firmo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were making firm"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the treaty"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b12-l213","source":"conspectu in medio procerum. Tum rite sacratas","translation":"in full view of the chiefs. Then, the beasts duly hallowed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conspectu","lemma":"conspectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in full view"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"medio","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"procerum","lemma":"procer","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the chiefs"},{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"rite","lemma":"rite","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"duly"},{"surface":"sacratas","lemma":"sacro","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hallowed"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b12-l214","source":"in flammam iugulant pecudes et viscera vivis","translation":"they cut their throats over the flame, and tear the inner parts","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"flammam","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the flame"},{"surface":"iugulant","lemma":"iugulo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"kill by slitting the throat"},{"surface":"pecudes","lemma":"pecus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the beasts"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"viscera","lemma":"uiscus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the inner parts"},{"surface":"vivis","lemma":"uiuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from living victims"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b12-l215","source":"eripiunt cumulantque oneratis lancibus aras.","translation":"out of them living, and heap the altars with the loaded dishes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l215.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"lancibus","title":"One noun for dish and scale","body":"lanx, here in the ablative plural lancibus, means both a platter for an offering and the pan of a balance. The same word used here for the dish is the one used later in the poem for the pans of Jupiter's scales."}],"words":[{"surface":"eripiunt","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tear out"},{"surface":"cumulantque","lemma":"cumulo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"heap"},{"surface":"oneratis","lemma":"onero","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"loaded"},{"surface":"lancibus","lemma":"lanx","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with dishes"},{"surface":"aras","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"altars"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b12-l216","source":"At vero Rutulis inpar ea pugna videri","translation":"But to the Rutulians the fight had long since been looking","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l216.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"videri ... misceri","title":"Bare infinitives as main verbs","body":"videri, 'to seem', and misceri, 'to be mixed', are historic infinitives, present infinitives used as the main verbs of a sentence instead of a finite verb. Latin uses this construction for a rapid change moving through a crowd, without fixing a tense to it."}],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Rutulis","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the Rutulians"},{"surface":"inpar","lemma":"impar","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"unequal"},{"surface":"ea","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pugna","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fight"},{"surface":"videri","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be looking"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b12-l217","source":"iamdudum et vario misceri pectora motu;","translation":"unequal, and their hearts were stirred this way and that;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iamdudum","lemma":"iamdudum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vario","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this way and that"},{"surface":"misceri","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"were stirred"},{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"their hearts"},{"surface":"motu","lemma":"motus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with motion"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b12-l218","source":"tum magis, ut propius cernunt non viribus aequis.","translation":"the more so, as they see closer up that the strength is not matched.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"the more so"},{"surface":"magis","lemma":"magis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"propius","lemma":"propius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"closer"},{"surface":"cernunt","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"viribus","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the strength"},{"surface":"aequis","lemma":"aequus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"matched"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b12-l219","source":"Adiuvat incessu tacito progressus et aram","translation":"It adds to it that Turnus comes forward with a silent step and worships","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Adiuvat","lemma":"adiuuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"adds to it"},{"surface":"incessu","lemma":"incessus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a step"},{"surface":"tacito","lemma":"tacitus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"progressus","lemma":"progredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having come forward"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aram","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"altar"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b12-l220","source":"suppliciter venerans demisso lumine Turnus","translation":"at the altar as a suppliant, with his eyes cast down,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"suppliciter","lemma":"suppliciter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as a suppliant"},{"surface":"venerans","lemma":"ueneror","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"worshiping"},{"surface":"demisso","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"cast down"},{"surface":"lumine","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his eyes"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b12-l221","source":"tabentesque genae et iuvenali in corpore pallor.","translation":"and his wasted cheeks, and the pallor on a young body.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tabentesque","lemma":"tabeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wasting"},{"surface":"genae","lemma":"gena","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"iuvenali","lemma":"iuuenalis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"a body"},{"surface":"pallor","lemma":"pallor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the pallor"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b12-l222","source":"Quem simul ac Iuturna soror crebrescere vidit","translation":"As soon as his sister Juturna saw this talk thickening","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Iuturna","lemma":"iuturna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juturna"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"his sister"},{"surface":"crebrescere","lemma":"crebresco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"thickening"},{"surface":"vidit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b12-l223","source":"sermonem et volgi variare labantia corda,","translation":"and the crowd's slipping hearts beginning to turn,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sermonem","lemma":"sermo","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"talk"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"volgi","lemma":"uulgus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"the crowd's"},{"surface":"variare","lemma":"uario","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"beginning to turn"},{"surface":"labantia","lemma":"labo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"slipping"},{"surface":"corda","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"hearts"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b12-l224","source":"in medias acies, formam adsimulata Camerti,","translation":"into the middle of the ranks, with the shape of Camers put on,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"medias","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the ranks"},{"surface":"formam","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the shape"},{"surface":"adsimulata","lemma":"adsimulo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"Camerti","lemma":"camers","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Camers"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b12-l225","source":"cui genus a proavis ingens clarumque paternae","translation":"whose line from his forefathers was great, and whose name","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"proavis","lemma":"proauus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"his forefathers"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"clarumque","lemma":"clarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"paternae","lemma":"paternus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"his father's"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b12-l226","source":"nomen erat virtutis, et ipse acerrimus armis,","translation":"was famous for his father's courage, and he himself the keenest in arms,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"virtutis","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of courage"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"acerrimus","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, superlative","role":"predicate","gloss":"keenest"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in arms"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b12-l227","source":"in medias dat sese acies haud nescia rerum","translation":"into the middle of the ranks she puts herself, knowing well what she does,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l227.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"in medias acies ... in medias dat sese acies","title":"A phrase interrupted and restarted","body":"The clause in medias acies dat sese, 'she puts herself into the middle of the ranks', begins at line 224, breaks off for three lines describing Camilla's disguise, then repeats itself to reach the verb. Latin marks a long parenthesis by restarting the interrupted phrase."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"medias","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"puts"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the ranks"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"nescia","lemma":"nescius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ignorant"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of what she does"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b12-l228","source":"rumoresque serit varios ac talia fatur:","translation":"and sows rumors of every kind, and speaks like this:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"rumoresque","lemma":"rumor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"rumors"},{"surface":"serit","lemma":"sero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sows"},{"surface":"varios","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of every kind"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"fatur","lemma":"for","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b12-l229","source":"“Non pudet, O Rutuli, pro cunctis talibus unam","translation":"“Are you not ashamed, Rutulians, to throw one life","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pudet","lemma":"pudet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you ashamed"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"Rutuli","lemma":"rutuli","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"cunctis","lemma":"cunctus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"unam","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b12-l230","source":"obiectare animam? Numerone an viribus aequi","translation":"in front of so many like these? Are we not their equals","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obiectare","lemma":"obiecto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to throw before"},{"surface":"animam","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"Numerone","lemma":"numerus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"number","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"viribus","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"aequi","lemma":"aequus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"their equals"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b12-l231","source":"non sumus? En omnes et Troes et Arcades hi sunt","translation":"in numbers, or in strength? Look, Trojans and Arcadians, this is all of them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sumus","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"all of them"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Troes","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Arcades","lemma":"arcas","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Arcadians"},{"surface":"hi","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b12-l232","source":"fatalesque manus, infensa Etruria Turno:","translation":"and the companies that fate sent, and Etruria set against Turnus:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fatalesque","lemma":"fatalis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that fate sent"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"companies"},{"surface":"infensa","lemma":"infensus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"set against"},{"surface":"Etruria","lemma":"etruria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Etruria"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"against Turnus"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b12-l233","source":"vix hostem, alterni si congrediamur, habemus.","translation":"if we went at them every second man, we should barely have an enemy each.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vix","lemma":"uix","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"hostem","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"alterni","lemma":"alternus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every second man"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"congrediamur","lemma":"congredior","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present subjunctive deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"we went at them"},{"surface":"habemus","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b12-l234","source":"Ille quidem ad superos, quorum se devovet aris,","translation":"He, for his part, will go up to the gods at whose altars he vows himself,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"quidem","lemma":"quidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for his part"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"superos","lemma":"superus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the gods above"},{"surface":"quorum","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"devovet","lemma":"deuoueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"vows"},{"surface":"aris","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"altars"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b12-l235","source":"succedet fama vivusque per ora feretur:","translation":"in fame, and be carried alive on men's lips;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"succedet","lemma":"succedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go up"},{"surface":"fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in fame"},{"surface":"vivusque","lemma":"uiuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"men's lips"},{"surface":"feretur","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be carried"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b12-l236","source":"nos patria amissa dominis parere superbis","translation":"we shall be forced, our country lost, to obey proud masters,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nos","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural","role":"subject","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"patria","lemma":"patria","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"our country"},{"surface":"amissa","lemma":"amitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"dominis","lemma":"dominus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"parere","lemma":"pareo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to obey"},{"surface":"superbis","lemma":"superbus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b12-l237","source":"cogemur, qui nunc lenti consedimus arvis.”","translation":"we who now sit slack in the fields.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cogemur","lemma":"cogo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural future indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be forced"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"lenti","lemma":"lentus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"slack"},{"surface":"consedimus","lemma":"consido","morphology":"verb, 1st plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"arvis","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b12-l238","source":"Talibus incensa est iuvenum sententia dictis","translation":"By words like these the young men's judgment was set alight,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"incensa","lemma":"incendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"set alight"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"iuvenum","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"sententia","lemma":"sententia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"judgment"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b12-l239","source":"iam magis atque magis, serpitque per agmina murmur;","translation":"more and more, and a muttering creeps along the ranks;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"magis","lemma":"magis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"magis","lemma":"magis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"serpitque","lemma":"serpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"creeps"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the ranks"},{"surface":"murmur","lemma":"murmur","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"a muttering"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b12-l240","source":"ipsi Laurentes mutati ipsique Latini.","translation":"the Laurentines themselves are changed, the Latins themselves.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ipsi","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"Laurentes","lemma":"laurens","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Laurentines"},{"surface":"mutati","lemma":"muto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"changed"},{"surface":"ipsique","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"Latini","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Latins"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b12-l241","source":"Qui sibi iam requiem pugnae rebusque salutem","translation":"Those who had been hoping for a rest from the fighting and for safety","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"sibi","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for themselves"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"requiem","lemma":"requies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"a rest"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"from the fighting"},{"surface":"rebusque","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for things"},{"surface":"salutem","lemma":"salus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"safety"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b12-l242","source":"sperabant, nunc arma volunt foedusque precantur","translation":"now want arms, and pray that the treaty be undone,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sperabant","lemma":"spero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"volunt","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"foedusque","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"treaty"},{"surface":"precantur","lemma":"precor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"pray"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b12-l243","source":"infectum et Turni sortem miserantur iniquam.","translation":"and pity the unjust lot of Turnus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"infectum","lemma":"inficio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"undone"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Turnus"},{"surface":"sortem","lemma":"sors","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the lot"},{"surface":"miserantur","lemma":"miseror","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"iniquam","lemma":"iniquus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unjust"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b12-l244","source":"His aliud maius Iuturna adiungit et alto","translation":"To these Juturna adds something greater, and gives a sign","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"His","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to these"},{"surface":"aliud","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"maius","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"Iuturna","lemma":"iuturna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juturna"},{"surface":"adiungit","lemma":"adiungo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"adds"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b12-l245","source":"dat signum caelo, quo non praesentius ullum","translation":"high in the sky, no sign ever worked more strongly","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"signum","lemma":"signum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"a sign"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"than which"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"praesentius","lemma":"praesens","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more strongly"},{"surface":"ullum","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"sign"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b12-l246","source":"turbavit mentes Italas monstroque fefellit.","translation":"to unsettle Italian minds, or cheated them with a better portent.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l246.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"monstro fefellit","title":"A false omen, named as false","body":"monstrum is a sign shown by the gods, and fallere, here fefellit, means to deceive. The line states plainly that this omen is a forgery, so the Rutulians read a sign that is not genuine."}],"words":[{"surface":"turbavit","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"to unsettle"},{"surface":"mentes","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"minds"},{"surface":"Italas","lemma":"italus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Italian"},{"surface":"monstroque","lemma":"monstrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a portent"},{"surface":"fefellit","lemma":"fallo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"cheated"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b12-l247","source":"Namque volans rubra fulvus Iovis ales in aethra","translation":"For the tawny bird of Jove, flying in the reddened air,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"volans","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"rubra","lemma":"ruber","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"reddened"},{"surface":"fulvus","lemma":"fuluus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tawny"},{"surface":"Iovis","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Jove"},{"surface":"ales","lemma":"ales","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"aethra","lemma":"aethra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the air"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b12-l248","source":"litoreas agitabat aves turbamque sonantem","translation":"was driving shore birds and the loud crowd","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"litoreas","lemma":"litoreus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"agitabat","lemma":"agito","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was driving"},{"surface":"aves","lemma":"auis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"turbamque","lemma":"turba","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"crowd"},{"surface":"sonantem","lemma":"sono","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"loud"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b12-l249","source":"agminis aligeri, subito cum lapsus ad undas","translation":"of a winged column, when suddenly, dropping to the water,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"agminis","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"aligeri","lemma":"aliger","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"subito","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"lapsus","lemma":"labor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having dropped"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"undas","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the water"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b12-l250","source":"cycnum excellentem pedibus rapit improbus uncis.","translation":"the shameless thing seized a splendid swan in its hooked feet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cycnum","lemma":"cycnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"swan"},{"surface":"excellentem","lemma":"excello","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"pedibus","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"rapit","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"seizes"},{"surface":"improbus","lemma":"improbus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"the shameless thing"},{"surface":"uncis","lemma":"uncus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hooked"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b12-l251","source":"Adrexere animos Itali, cunctaeque volucres","translation":"The Italians lifted their spirits; and every bird of them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Adrexere","lemma":"arrigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"their spirits"},{"surface":"Itali","lemma":"italus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Italian"},{"surface":"cunctaeque","lemma":"cunctus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"volucres","lemma":"uolucris","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"bird"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b12-l252","source":"convertunt clamore fugam, mirabile visu,","translation":"turns its flight about with a scream, a wonder to see,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"convertunt","lemma":"conuerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn around"},{"surface":"clamore","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a scream"},{"surface":"fugam","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"its flight"},{"surface":"mirabile","lemma":"mirabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"a wonder"},{"surface":"visu","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"supine, ablative","role":"purpose","gloss":"to see"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b12-l253","source":"aetheraque obscurant pennis hostemque per auras","translation":"and they darken the air with their wings, and press the enemy through the sky","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aetheraque","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"upper air"},{"surface":"obscurant","lemma":"obscuro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"darken"},{"surface":"pennis","lemma":"penna","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with their wings"},{"surface":"hostemque","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the sky"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b12-l254","source":"facta nube premunt, donec vi victus et ipso","translation":"in a cloud they have made of themselves, until, beaten by force and by the sheer","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"facta","lemma":"facio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"nube","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"premunt","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"press"},{"surface":"donec","lemma":"donec","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"victus","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beaten"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ipso","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sheer"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b12-l255","source":"pondere defecit, praedamque ex unguibus ales","translation":"weight of them, he gave way, and the bird threw the prey from its claws","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pondere","lemma":"pondus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by weight"},{"surface":"defecit","lemma":"deficio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gave way"},{"surface":"praedamque","lemma":"praeda","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the prey"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"unguibus","lemma":"unguis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"its claws"},{"surface":"ales","lemma":"ales","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the bird"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b12-l256","source":"proiecit fluvio penitusque in nubila fugit.","translation":"into the river, and fled far off into the clouds.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"proiecit","lemma":"proicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw down"},{"surface":"fluvio","lemma":"fluuius","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"into the river"},{"surface":"penitusque","lemma":"penitus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nubila","lemma":"nubilum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the clouds"},{"surface":"fugit","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b12-l257","source":"Tum vero augurium Rutuli clamore salutant","translation":"Then indeed the Rutulians salute the augury with a shout","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"augurium","lemma":"augurium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the augury"},{"surface":"Rutuli","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Rutulians"},{"surface":"clamore","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"salutant","lemma":"saluto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"salute"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b12-l258","source":"expediuntque manus; primusque Tolumnius augur","translation":"and free their hands; and Tolumnius the augur first of all","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"expediuntque","lemma":"expedio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"set free","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"primusque","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Tolumnius","lemma":"tolumnius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Tolumnius"},{"surface":"augur","lemma":"augur","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the augur"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b12-l259","source":"“Hoc erat, hoc, votis,” inquit, “quod saepe petivi.","translation":"“This was it, this,” he says, “that I so often asked for in my prayers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"votis","lemma":"uotum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in my prayers"},{"surface":"inquit","lemma":"inquam","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"saepe","lemma":"saepe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"petivi","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"asked for"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b12-l260","source":"Adcipio adgnoscoque deos; me, me duce ferrum","translation":"I take it, I acknowledge the gods in it. With me, me for your leader, snatch up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Adcipio","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I take"},{"surface":"adgnoscoque","lemma":"agnosco","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I acknowledge"},{"surface":"deos","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular","role":"adverbial","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"duce","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ferrum","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b12-l261","source":"corripite, O miseri, quos improbus advena bello","translation":"the iron, poor men, whom a shameless newcomer terrifies","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"corripite","lemma":"corripio","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"snatch up"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"miseri","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"poor men"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"improbus","lemma":"improbus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shameless"},{"surface":"advena","lemma":"aduena","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"a newcomer"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b12-l262","source":"territat invalidas ut aves et litora vestra","translation":"with war as if you were helpless birds, and lays your shores waste","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"territat","lemma":"territo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"terrifies"},{"surface":"invalidas","lemma":"inualidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"helpless"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"aves","lemma":"auis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"vestra","lemma":"uester","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b12-l263","source":"vi populat: petet ille fugam penitusque profundo","translation":"by force. He will make for flight and give his sails far out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vi","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"populat","lemma":"populor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"lays waste"},{"surface":"petet","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will make for"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fugam","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"penitusque","lemma":"penitus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"profundo","lemma":"profundum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"over the deep"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b12-l264","source":"vela dabit. Vos unanimi densete catervas","translation":"over the deep. With one mind, close your companies up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vela","lemma":"uelum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"his sails"},{"surface":"dabit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"Vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"unanimi","lemma":"unanimus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"with one mind"},{"surface":"densete","lemma":"denseo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"close up"},{"surface":"catervas","lemma":"caterua","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"your companies"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b12-l265","source":"et regem vobis pugna defendite raptum.”","translation":"and defend in battle the king who has been taken from you.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"regem","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"vobis","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural","role":"indirect object","gloss":"from you"},{"surface":"pugna","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in battle"},{"surface":"defendite","lemma":"defendo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"raptum","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"taken"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b12-l266","source":"Dixit et adversos telum contorsit in hostis","translation":"He spoke, and running out hurled his spear at the enemy","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dixit","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"adversos","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"opposing"},{"surface":"telum","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"his spear"},{"surface":"contorsit","lemma":"contorqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the enemy"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b12-l267","source":"procurrens: sonitum dat stridula cornus et auras","translation":"opposite: the whistling cornel gives its sound","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l267.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cornus","title":"Named for its wood","body":"cornus, 'cornel tree', names the spear by the wood its shaft is made from, a hard, heavy timber standard for the purpose. Latin poetry often names a weapon this way, by material rather than by its own word."}],"words":[{"surface":"procurrens","lemma":"procurro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"running out"},{"surface":"sonitum","lemma":"sonitus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"its sound"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"stridula","lemma":"stridulus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whistling"},{"surface":"cornus","lemma":"cornus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the cornel spear"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the air"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b12-l268","source":"certa secat. Simul hoc, simul ingens clamor et omnes","translation":"and cuts the air unerring. With that, at once, a huge shout,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"certa","lemma":"certus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"unerring"},{"surface":"secat","lemma":"seco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cuts"},{"surface":"Simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"clamor","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b12-l269","source":"turbati cunei calefactaque corda tumultu.","translation":"and every wedge in confusion, and hearts heated by the uproar.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"turbati","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"in confusion"},{"surface":"cunei","lemma":"cuneus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"wedge"},{"surface":"calefactaque","lemma":"calefacio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"heated"},{"surface":"corda","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"tumultu","lemma":"tumultus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by the uproar"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b12-l270","source":"Hasta volans, ut forte novem pulcherrima fratrum","translation":"The flying spear, since nine brothers, bodies of the greatest beauty,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"volans","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"fors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"novem","lemma":"nouem","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"pulcherrima","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the greatest beauty"},{"surface":"fratrum","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"brothers"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b12-l271","source":"corpora constiterant contra, quos fida crearat","translation":"happened to be standing opposite, whom one faithful wife,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"corpora","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"constiterant","lemma":"consisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"happened to be standing"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"fida","lemma":"fidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"crearat","lemma":"creo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had borne"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b12-l272","source":"una tot Arcadio coniunx Tyrrhena Gylippo,","translation":"a Tyrrhenian, had borne, all of them, to Arcadian Gylippus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"una","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"Arcadio","lemma":"arcadius","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Arcadian"},{"surface":"coniunx","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"Tyrrhena","lemma":"tyrrhenus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrrhenian"},{"surface":"Gylippo","lemma":"gylippus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Gylippus"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b12-l273","source":"horum unum ad medium, teritur qua sutilis alvo","translation":"took one of these through the middle, where the stitched belt chafes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l273.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"balteus","title":"The belt, introduced early","body":"balteus is the sword belt that crosses a soldier's body. The first man killed after the truce breaks is struck exactly where it crosses him; the same word returns for the belt Aeneas sees stripped from a dead man at the poem's end."}],"words":[{"surface":"horum","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"unum","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"medium","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"teritur","lemma":"tero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"chafes"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"sutilis","lemma":"sutilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stitched"},{"surface":"alvo","lemma":"aluus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"belly"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b12-l274","source":"balteus et laterum iuncturas fibula mordet","translation":"at the belly, and the clasp bites the joining of the sides,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"balteus","lemma":"balteus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"belt"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"laterum","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the sides"},{"surface":"iuncturas","lemma":"iunctura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the joining"},{"surface":"fibula","lemma":"fibula","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the clasp"},{"surface":"mordet","lemma":"mordeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bites"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b12-l275","source":"egregium forma iuvenem et fulgentibus armis","translation":"a young man of outstanding beauty, in flashing armor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"egregium","lemma":"egregius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"outstanding"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in beauty"},{"surface":"iuvenem","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fulgentibus","lemma":"fulgeo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"flashing"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in armor"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b12-l276","source":"transadigit costas fulvaque effundit harena.","translation":"and drove through his ribs and poured him out on the yellow sand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"transadigit","lemma":"transadigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierces through"},{"surface":"costas","lemma":"costa","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ribs"},{"surface":"fulvaque","lemma":"fuluus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"effundit","lemma":"effundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pours out"},{"surface":"harena","lemma":"harena","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the sand"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b12-l277","source":"At fratres, animosa phalanx accensaque luctu,","translation":"But the brothers, a spirited company set alight by grief,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"fratres","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"animosa","lemma":"animosus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"spirited"},{"surface":"phalanx","lemma":"phalanx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"a company"},{"surface":"accensaque","lemma":"accendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"set alight"},{"surface":"luctu","lemma":"luctus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by grief"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b12-l278","source":"pars, gladios stringunt manibus, pars missile ferrum","translation":"some of them draw swords in their hands, some snatch up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pars","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"gladios","lemma":"gladius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"swords"},{"surface":"stringunt","lemma":"stringo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"draw tight"},{"surface":"manibus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"pars","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"missile","lemma":"missilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"throwing"},{"surface":"ferrum","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b12-l279","source":"corripiunt caecique ruunt. Quos agmina contra","translation":"the throwing iron, and rush on blind. Against them the columns","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"corripiunt","lemma":"corripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"snatch up"},{"surface":"caecique","lemma":"caecus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"blind"},{"surface":"ruunt","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rush"},{"surface":"Quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"against them"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the columns"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"against"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b12-l280","source":"procurrunt Laurentum, hinc densi rursus inundant","translation":"of the Laurentines run out; from this side the Trojans flood back thick,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"procurrunt","lemma":"procurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"run out"},{"surface":"Laurentum","lemma":"laurens","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Laurentines"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from this side"},{"surface":"densi","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"rursus","lemma":"rursus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"inundant","lemma":"inundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flood back"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b12-l281","source":"Troes Agyllinique et pictis Arcades armis:","translation":"and the men of Agylla, and Arcadians in painted armor:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Troes","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"Agyllinique","lemma":"agyllini","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the men of Agylla","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pictis","lemma":"pingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"painted"},{"surface":"Arcades","lemma":"arcas","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Arcadians"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in armor"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b12-l282","source":"sic omnis amor unus habet decernere ferro.","translation":"so one desire holds them all, to settle it with iron.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"them all"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"unus","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"habet","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"decernere","lemma":"decerno","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to settle it"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b12-l283","source":"Diripuere aras, it toto turbida caelo","translation":"They tore the altars apart; a wild storm of spears goes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Diripuere","lemma":"diripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore apart"},{"surface":"aras","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"altars"},{"surface":"it","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"toto","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"turbida","lemma":"turbidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b12-l284","source":"tempestas telorum ac ferreus ingruit imber,","translation":"over the whole sky, and a rain of iron comes down,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tempestas","lemma":"tempestas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"telorum","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of spears"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ferreus","lemma":"ferreus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of iron"},{"surface":"ingruit","lemma":"ingruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes down"},{"surface":"imber","lemma":"imber","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"a rain"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b12-l285","source":"craterasque focosque ferunt. Fugit ipse Latinus","translation":"and they carry off the mixing bowls and the hearths. Latinus himself flees,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"craterasque","lemma":"cratera","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the mixing bowls"},{"surface":"focosque","lemma":"focus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the hearths"},{"surface":"ferunt","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"Fugit","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flees"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Latinus","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Latinus"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b12-l286","source":"pulsatos referens infecto foedere divos.","translation":"carrying back his gods, struck aside, the treaty unmade.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l286.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pulsatos ... divos","title":"Gods described as jostled","body":"pulsare means to knock or strike, ordinarily used of a door or a body. pulsatos divos, 'gods that have been struck', describes the images Latinus carries as physically jostled in the scramble, not merely disturbed in spirit."}],"words":[{"surface":"pulsatos","lemma":"pulso","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"referens","lemma":"refero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bringing back"},{"surface":"infecto","lemma":"inficio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unmade"},{"surface":"foedere","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the treaty"},{"surface":"divos","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b12-l287","source":"Infrenant alii currus aut corpora saltu","translation":"Others bridle chariots, or throw their bodies with a leap","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Infrenant","lemma":"infreno","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bridle"},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"currus","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"chariots"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"corpora","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"saltu","lemma":"saltus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a leap"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b12-l288","source":"subiciunt in equos et strictis ensibus adsunt.","translation":"onto horses, and are there with their swords out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"subiciunt","lemma":"subicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throw under"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"strictis","lemma":"stringo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"ensibus","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"swords"},{"surface":"adsunt","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are there"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b12-l289","source":"Messapus regem regisque insigne gerentem,","translation":"Messapus, hungry to wreck the treaty, drives his horse straight","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Messapus","lemma":"messapus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Messapus"},{"surface":"regem","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"regisque","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"insigne","lemma":"insigne","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"badge"},{"surface":"gerentem","lemma":"gero","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wearing"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b12-l290","source":"Tyrrhenum Aulesten, avidus confundere foedus,","translation":"at Aulestes the Tyrrhenian, a king and wearing a king's badge,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tyrrhenum","lemma":"tyrrhenus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the Tyrrhenian"},{"surface":"Aulesten","lemma":"aulestes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aulestes"},{"surface":"avidus","lemma":"auidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"hungry"},{"surface":"confundere","lemma":"confundo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to wreck"},{"surface":"foedus","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the treaty"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b12-l291","source":"adverso proterret equo: ruit ille recedens","translation":"and terrifies him back: he falls as he gives ground","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adverso","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"proterret","lemma":"proterreo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"terrifies back"},{"surface":"equo","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"ruit","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"falls"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"recedens","lemma":"recedo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"giving ground"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b12-l292","source":"et miser oppositis a tergo involvitur aris","translation":"and the poor man is rolled over the altars set behind him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"miser","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"the poor man"},{"surface":"oppositis","lemma":"oppono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"tergo","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"behind him"},{"surface":"involvitur","lemma":"inuoluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is rolled"},{"surface":"aris","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"altars"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b12-l293","source":"in caput inque umeros. At fervidus advolat hasta","translation":"head first, and shoulders. But burning Messapus flies in with his spear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"head first"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"inque","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"umeros","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"fervidus","lemma":"feruidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"advolat","lemma":"aduolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies to"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b12-l294","source":"Messapus teloque orantem multa trabali","translation":"and, while the man begs him hard, with a beam of a weapon","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Messapus","lemma":"messapus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Messapus"},{"surface":"teloque","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weapon"},{"surface":"orantem","lemma":"oro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the man begging"},{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"trabali","lemma":"trabalis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"of a beam"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b12-l295","source":"desuper altus equo graviter ferit atque ita fatur:","translation":"strikes him heavily from high on his horse, and speaks so:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"desuper","lemma":"desuper","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from high"},{"surface":"altus","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"equo","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"graviter","lemma":"grauiter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"ferit","lemma":"ferio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ita","lemma":"ita","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fatur","lemma":"for","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b12-l296","source":"“Hoc habet, haec melior magnis data victima divis.”","translation":"“He has it. Here is a better victim given to the great gods.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l296.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Hoc habet","title":"A phrase from the arena","body":"Hoc habet, 'he has it', is what spectators shouted at Roman gladiatorial games when a fighter was hit. Messapus uses it here after killing a king across an altar, applying the crowd's phrase for the games to this killing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"habet","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"melior","lemma":"bonus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"magnis","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the great"},{"surface":"data","lemma":"do","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been given"},{"surface":"victima","lemma":"uictima","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"victim"},{"surface":"divis","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b12-l297","source":"Concurrunt Itali spoliantque calentia membra.","translation":"The Italians run in together and strip the limbs while they are warm.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Concurrunt","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"Itali","lemma":"italus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Italian"},{"surface":"spoliantque","lemma":"spolio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strip","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"calentia","lemma":"caleo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"membra","lemma":"membrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the limbs"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b12-l298","source":"Obvius ambustum torrem Corynaeus ab ara","translation":"Corynaeus, meeting him, snatches a charred brand from the altar,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Obvius","lemma":"obuius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"meeting him"},{"surface":"ambustum","lemma":"amburo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"charred"},{"surface":"torrem","lemma":"torris","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"a brand"},{"surface":"Corynaeus","lemma":"corynaeus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Corynaeus"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ara","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the altar"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b12-l299","source":"corripit et venienti Ebuso plagamque ferenti","translation":"and as Ebusus comes at him bringing a blow","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"corripit","lemma":"corripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"snatches"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"venienti","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"Ebuso","lemma":"ebusus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Ebusus"},{"surface":"plagamque","lemma":"plaga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"blow"},{"surface":"ferenti","lemma":"fero","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bringing"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b12-l300","source":"occupat os flammis: olli ingens barba reluxit","translation":"gets in first at his face with the flame: the huge beard flared up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"occupat","lemma":"occupo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gets in first"},{"surface":"os","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"at his face"},{"surface":"flammis","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the flame"},{"surface":"olli","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the man's"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"barba","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"beard"},{"surface":"reluxit","lemma":"reluceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flared up"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b12-l301","source":"nidoremque ambusta dedit. Super ipse secutus","translation":"and, scorched, gave off its stench. He himself follows it up,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nidoremque","lemma":"nidor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"stench"},{"surface":"ambusta","lemma":"amburo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"scorched"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"Super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"secutus","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b12-l302","source":"caesariem laeva turbati corripit hostis","translation":"grips the hair of his shaken enemy in his left hand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"caesariem","lemma":"caesaries","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"laeva","lemma":"laeua","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"left hand"},{"surface":"turbati","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaken"},{"surface":"corripit","lemma":"corripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"grips"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of his enemy"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b12-l303","source":"inpressoque genu nitens terrae adplicat ipsum:","translation":"and, leaning with a knee driven in, forces him down to the ground:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inpressoque","lemma":"imprimo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven in"},{"surface":"genu","lemma":"genu","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"knee"},{"surface":"nitens","lemma":"nitor","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"terrae","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"adplicat","lemma":"applico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"forces down"},{"surface":"ipsum","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b12-l304","source":"sic rigido latus ense ferit. Podalirius Alsum","translation":"so he strikes his side with the stiff sword. Podalirius,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"rigido","lemma":"rigidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stiff"},{"surface":"latus","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"ense","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ferit","lemma":"ferio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"Podalirius","lemma":"podalirius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Podalirius"},{"surface":"Alsum","lemma":"alsus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Alsus"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b12-l305","source":"pastorem primaque acie per tela ruentem,","translation":"chasing Alsus the shepherd, who was rushing through the spears","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pastorem","lemma":"pastor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the shepherd"},{"surface":"primaque","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the front"},{"surface":"acie","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rank"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the spears"},{"surface":"ruentem","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rushing"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b12-l306","source":"ense sequens nudo superimminet: ille securi","translation":"in the front rank, hangs over him with a naked sword; but the other,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ense","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"sequens","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"chasing"},{"surface":"nudo","lemma":"nudus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"naked"},{"surface":"superimminet","lemma":"superimmineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hangs over him"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"securi","lemma":"securis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"axe"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b12-l307","source":"adversi frontem mediam mentumque reducta","translation":"swinging an axe back, splits the middle of his forehead as he comes on,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adversi","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"as he comes on"},{"surface":"frontem","lemma":"frons","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"mediam","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle of"},{"surface":"mentumque","lemma":"mentum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"chin"},{"surface":"reducta","lemma":"reduco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been led back"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b12-l308","source":"disicit et sparso late rigat arma cruore.","translation":"and the chin, and soaks his armor with blood thrown wide.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"disicit","lemma":"disicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"splits"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sparso","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thrown"},{"surface":"late","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"rigat","lemma":"rigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"soaks"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"his armor"},{"surface":"cruore","lemma":"cruor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b12-l309","source":"Olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget","translation":"A hard rest and an iron sleep press down on the man's eyes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Olli","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on the man"},{"surface":"dura","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"quies","lemma":"quies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ferreus","lemma":"ferreus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of iron"},{"surface":"urget","lemma":"urgeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"press down"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b12-l310","source":"somnus, in aeternam conduntur lumina noctem.","translation":"and they are buried away in an everlasting night.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"somnus","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"aeternam","lemma":"aeternus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"everlasting"},{"surface":"conduntur","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are buried"},{"surface":"lumina","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"noctem","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b12-l311","source":"At pius Aeneas dextram tendebat inermem","translation":"But dutiful Aeneas was holding out an unarmed right hand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l311.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pius Aeneas ... dextram ... inermem","title":"The epithet, right on time","body":"pius names Aeneas as the one keeping faith with the oath, and dextram inermem, 'an unarmed right hand', shows him doing it without a weapon. Both terms appear at the moment he is acting on them, just before he is struck."}],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pius","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dutiful"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"dextram","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"tendebat","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was holding out"},{"surface":"inermem","lemma":"inermis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unarmed"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b12-l312","source":"nudato capite atque suos clamore vocabat:","translation":"his head bare, and calling out to his own men with a shout:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nudato","lemma":"nudo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"capite","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"suos","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"his own men"},{"surface":"clamore","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"vocabat","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b12-l313","source":"“Quo ruitis? Quaeve ista repens discordia surgit?","translation":"“Where are you rushing? What is this quarrel rising up so suddenly?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"ruitis","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rush"},{"surface":"Quaeve","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what","note":"-ve attached: \"or.\""},{"surface":"ista","lemma":"iste","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"repens","lemma":"repens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sudden"},{"surface":"discordia","lemma":"discordia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"surgit","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rises"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b12-l314","source":"O cohibete iras! Ictum iam foedus et omnes","translation":"Hold your anger in! The treaty is struck already, and every clause","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"cohibete","lemma":"cohibeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"hold together"},{"surface":"iras","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"angers"},{"surface":"Ictum","lemma":"icio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"foedus","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"treaty"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b12-l315","source":"compositae leges; mihi ius concurrere soli;","translation":"settled; the right to fight is mine and mine alone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"compositae","lemma":"compono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"leges","lemma":"lex","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"clause"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"ius","lemma":"ius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the right"},{"surface":"concurrere","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"soli","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b12-l316","source":"me sinite atque auferte metus; ego foedera faxo","translation":"Let me go, and take your fears away; I will make the treaty","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l316.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"faxo","title":"An old future tense form","body":"faxo is an archaic sigmatic future of facere, 'to do' or 'to make', kept in verse and in legal formulas long after ordinary prose stopped using it. Aeneas uses it here while promising to make the treaty hold."}],"words":[{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"sinite","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"let go"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auferte","lemma":"aufero","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"take away"},{"surface":"metus","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fears"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the treaty"},{"surface":"faxo","lemma":"facio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will make"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b12-l317","source":"firma manu; Turnum debent haec iam mihi sacra.”","translation":"firm with my own hand; these rites owe me Turnus now.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"firma","lemma":"firmus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"debent","lemma":"debeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"owe"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"sacra","lemma":"sacrum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"rites"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b12-l318","source":"Has inter voces, media inter talia verba","translation":"In the middle of these cries, in the middle of such words,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Has","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in the middle of"},{"surface":"voces","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"cries"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle of"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in the middle of"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"verba","lemma":"uerbum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b12-l319","source":"ecce viro stridens alis adlapsa sagitta est","translation":"look, an arrow came whirring on its feathers to the man,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ecce","lemma":"ecce","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"viro","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the man"},{"surface":"stridens","lemma":"strido","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whirring"},{"surface":"alis","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on its feathers"},{"surface":"adlapsa","lemma":"allabor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"sagitta","lemma":"sagitta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"an arrow"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b12-l320","source":"incertum qua pulsa manu, quo turbine adacta,","translation":"and it is not known by what hand it was driven, by what whirl sent home,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incertum","lemma":"incertus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"not known"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by what"},{"surface":"pulsa","lemma":"pello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by what"},{"surface":"turbine","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"whirl"},{"surface":"adacta","lemma":"adigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sent home"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b12-l321","source":"quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne,","translation":"who brought the Rutulians so much credit, chance or a god:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tantam","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"Rutulis","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the Rutulians"},{"surface":"laudem","lemma":"laus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"credit"},{"surface":"casusne","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"chance","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"deusne","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"god","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b12-l322","source":"adtulerit: pressa est insignis gloria facti.","translation":"the great glory of the deed was pressed out of sight,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adtulerit","lemma":"affero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"brought to"},{"surface":"pressa","lemma":"premo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"pressed out of sight"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"insignis","lemma":"insignis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"gloria","lemma":"gloria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"facti","lemma":"factum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the deed"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b12-l323","source":"nec sese Aeneae iactavit vulnere quisquam.","translation":"and no man boasted of the wound he had given Aeneas.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and no"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"iactavit","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"boasted"},{"surface":"vulnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"quisquam","lemma":"quisquam","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b12-l324","source":"Turnus ut Aenean cedentem ex agmine vidit","translation":"When Turnus saw Aeneas going back out of the line","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"cedentem","lemma":"cedo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"going back"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"agmine","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the line"},{"surface":"vidit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b12-l325","source":"turbatosque duces, subita spe fervidus ardet:","translation":"and the captains in disorder, he burns, hot with sudden hope:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"turbatosque","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in disorder"},{"surface":"duces","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the captains"},{"surface":"subita","lemma":"subitus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sudden"},{"surface":"spe","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"fervidus","lemma":"feruidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"ardet","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"burns"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b12-l326","source":"poscit equos atque arma simul saltuque superbus","translation":"he calls for horses and arms together, and proud in his leap","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"poscit","lemma":"posco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls for"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"saltuque","lemma":"saltus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his leap"},{"surface":"superbus","lemma":"superbus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b12-l327","source":"emicat in currum et manibus molitur habenas.","translation":"flashes up into the chariot and handles the reins.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"emicat","lemma":"emico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flashes up"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"currum","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"manibus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"molitur","lemma":"molior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"handles"},{"surface":"habenas","lemma":"habena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the reins"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b12-l328","source":"Multa virum volitans dat fortia corpora Leto,","translation":"Flying on, he gives many brave bodies of men to Death,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"volitans","lemma":"uolito","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flying about"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"fortia","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"corpora","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"Leto","lemma":"letum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Death"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b12-l329","source":"semineces volvit multos aut agmina curru","translation":"rolls many over half-alive, or tramples whole ranks with the chariot,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"semineces","lemma":"seminecis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"half-alive"},{"surface":"volvit","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rolls"},{"surface":"multos","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"curru","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b12-l330","source":"proterit aut raptas fugientibus ingerit hastas.","translation":"or snatches up spears and heaps them on the men as they run.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"proterit","lemma":"protero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tramples"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"raptas","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"snatched up"},{"surface":"fugientibus","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"participle, present active dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on the men as they run"},{"surface":"ingerit","lemma":"ingero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaps"},{"surface":"hastas","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spears"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b12-l331","source":"Qualis apud gelidi cum flumina concitus Hebri","translation":"As by the streams of the cold Hebrus, when Mavors, stirred up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qualis","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"apud","lemma":"apud","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"gelidi","lemma":"gelidus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"flumina","lemma":"flumen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the streams"},{"surface":"concitus","lemma":"concieo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stirred up"},{"surface":"Hebri","lemma":"hebrus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Hebrus"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b12-l332","source":"sanguineus Mavors clipeo increpat atque furentis","translation":"and blood-red, clashes on his shield, and setting wars","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sanguineus","lemma":"sanguineus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"blood-red"},{"surface":"Mavors","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mavors"},{"surface":"clipeo","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on his shield"},{"surface":"increpat","lemma":"increpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"clashes"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"furentis","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b12-l333","source":"bella movens immittit equos; illi aequore aperto","translation":"in motion gives his raging horses their heads; over open country","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"movens","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"setting in motion"},{"surface":"immittit","lemma":"immitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gives their heads"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"aequore","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"over open country"},{"surface":"aperto","lemma":"apertus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"open"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b12-l334","source":"ante Notos Zephyrumque volant; gemit ultima pulsu","translation":"they run ahead of the South Winds and the West; farthest Thrace groans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"ahead of"},{"surface":"Notos","lemma":"notus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the South Winds"},{"surface":"Zephyrumque","lemma":"zephyrus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the West"},{"surface":"volant","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"gemit","lemma":"gemo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"groans"},{"surface":"ultima","lemma":"ultimus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"farthest"},{"surface":"pulsu","lemma":"pulsus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"under the beat"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b12-l335","source":"Thraca pedum; circumque atrae Formidinis ora","translation":"under the beat of their feet, and round him the faces of black Terror,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Thraca","lemma":"thrace","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Thrace"},{"surface":"pedum","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"circumque","lemma":"circum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"round him"},{"surface":"atrae","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"Formidinis","lemma":"formido","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Terror"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the faces"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b12-l336","source":"Iraeque Insidiaeque, dei comitatus, aguntur:","translation":"and Angers and Ambushes, the god's escort, are driven along:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iraeque","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"Insidiaeque","lemma":"insidiae","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"ambushes","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"comitatus","lemma":"comitatus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"escort"},{"surface":"aguntur","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are driven along"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b12-l337","source":"talis equos alacer media inter proelia Turnus","translation":"so Turnus, quick among the battles, lashes his horses","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"talis","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"alacer","lemma":"alacer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"quick"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"battles"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b12-l338","source":"fumantis sudore quatit, miserabile caesis","translation":"steaming with sweat, trampling pitiably on the enemies","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fumantis","lemma":"fumo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"steaming"},{"surface":"sudore","lemma":"sudor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"quatit","lemma":"quatio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lashes"},{"surface":"miserabile","lemma":"miserabilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"pitiably"},{"surface":"caesis","lemma":"caedo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on the men cut down"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b12-l339","source":"hostibus insultans; spargit rapida ungula rores","translation":"he has cut down; the racing hoof scatters a dew of","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hostibus","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"enemies"},{"surface":"insultans","lemma":"insulto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"trampling"},{"surface":"spargit","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"scatters"},{"surface":"rapida","lemma":"rapidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"racing"},{"surface":"ungula","lemma":"ungula","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hoof"},{"surface":"rores","lemma":"ros","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"dews"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b12-l340","source":"sanguineos, mixtaque cruor calcatur harena.","translation":"blood, and gore is trodden into the mingled sand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sanguineos","lemma":"sanguineus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of blood"},{"surface":"mixtaque","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mingled"},{"surface":"cruor","lemma":"cruor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"gore"},{"surface":"calcatur","lemma":"calco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is trodden"},{"surface":"harena","lemma":"harena","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"into the sand"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b12-l341","source":"Iamque neci Sthenelumque dedit Thamyrumque Pholumque,","translation":"And now he has given Sthenelus to slaughter, and Thamyrus and Pholus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"neci","lemma":"nex","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to slaughter"},{"surface":"Sthenelumque","lemma":"sthenelus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Sthenelus"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has given"},{"surface":"Thamyrumque","lemma":"thamyrus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Thamyrus"},{"surface":"Pholumque","lemma":"pholus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Pholus"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b12-l342","source":"hunc congressus et hunc, illum eminus; eminus ambo","translation":"these two at close quarters, that one at range; at range both","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l342.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"eminus","title":"A term for a kill's range","body":"Latin has a fixed pair of adverbs for how a man is killed: comminus, hand to hand, and eminus, from a distance. The list of dead here uses both terms within half a line to classify each kill."}],"words":[{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"congressus","lemma":"congredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"at close quarters"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"illum","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"eminus","lemma":"eminus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"eminus","lemma":"eminus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ambo","lemma":"ambo","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b12-l343","source":"Imbrasidas, Glaucum atque Laden, quos Imbrasus ipse","translation":"sons of Imbrasus, Glaucus and Lades, whom Imbrasus himself","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Imbrasidas","lemma":"imbrasides","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sons of Imbrasus"},{"surface":"Glaucum","lemma":"glaucus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Glaucus"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Laden","lemma":"lades","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Lades"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Imbrasus","lemma":"imbrasus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Imbrasus"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b12-l344","source":"nutrierat Lycia paribusque ornaverat armis,","translation":"had reared in Lycia and fitted out with matching arms,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nutrierat","lemma":"nutrio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had reared"},{"surface":"Lycia","lemma":"lycia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"in Lycia"},{"surface":"paribusque","lemma":"par","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"matching"},{"surface":"ornaverat","lemma":"orno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had fitted out"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with arms"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b12-l345","source":"vel conferre manum vel equo praevertere ventos.","translation":"either to close hand to hand or to beat the winds on horseback.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vel","lemma":"uel","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"conferre","lemma":"confero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to close"},{"surface":"manum","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"uel","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"equo","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on horseback"},{"surface":"praevertere","lemma":"praeuerto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to beat"},{"surface":"ventos","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b12-l346","source":"Parte alia media Eumedes in proelia fertur,","translation":"In another quarter Eumedes is carried into the middle of the fighting,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Parte","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"alia","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"Eumedes","lemma":"eumedes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Eumedes"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the fighting"},{"surface":"fertur","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is carried"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b12-l347","source":"antiqui proles bello praeclara Dolonis,","translation":"child of old Dolon, who was famous in war,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"antiqui","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"proles","lemma":"proles","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"praeclara","lemma":"praeclarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"Dolonis","lemma":"dolon","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Dolon"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b12-l348","source":"nomine avum referens, animo manibusque parentem,","translation":"carrying his grandfather's name, his father's spirit and hands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nomine","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"avum","lemma":"auus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"grandfather"},{"surface":"referens","lemma":"refero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"animo","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in spirit"},{"surface":"manibusque","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"parentem","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"his father"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b12-l349","source":"qui quondam, castra ut Danaum speculator adiret,","translation":"the man who once, to go as a spy to the Danaan camp,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"quondam","lemma":"quondam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"castra","lemma":"castra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Danaum","lemma":"danaus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Danaans"},{"surface":"speculator","lemma":"speculator","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"as a spy"},{"surface":"adiret","lemma":"adeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"go"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b12-l350","source":"ausus Pelidae pretium sibi poscere currus;","translation":"dared to demand the chariot of Peleus' son as his price;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ausus","lemma":"audeo","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"Pelidae","lemma":"pelides","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Peleus' son"},{"surface":"pretium","lemma":"pretium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the chariot as his price"},{"surface":"sibi","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for himself"},{"surface":"poscere","lemma":"posco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to demand"},{"surface":"currus","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the chariot"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b12-l351","source":"illum Tydides alio pro talibus ausis","translation":"for such daring the son of Tydeus paid him in a different","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l351.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"alio ... pretio","title":"Payment named by its own word","body":"pretium means a price or fee, the word Dolon used when demanding one. alio pretio, 'with another price', answers his demand for payment with the same noun, letting the reader supply what the payment actually was."}],"words":[{"surface":"illum","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Tydides","lemma":"tydides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the son of Tydeus"},{"surface":"alio","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ausis","lemma":"ausum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"daring"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b12-l352","source":"adfecit pretio, nec equis adspirat Achillis.","translation":"coin; and he does not aspire to Achilles' horses.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adfecit","lemma":"afficio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"paid"},{"surface":"pretio","lemma":"pretium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in coin"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"equis","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to horses"},{"surface":"adspirat","lemma":"aspiro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"does aspire"},{"surface":"Achillis","lemma":"achilles","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b12-l353","source":"Hunc procul ut campo Turnus prospexit aperto,","translation":"When Turnus caught sight of him far off on the open field,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"procul","lemma":"procul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"campo","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"prospexit","lemma":"prospicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"caught sight of"},{"surface":"aperto","lemma":"apertus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"open"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b12-l354","source":"ante levi iaculo longum per inane secutus","translation":"he first followed him with a light javelin across the long emptiness,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"levi","lemma":"leuis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"iaculo","lemma":"iaculum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"javelin"},{"surface":"longum","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"inane","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the emptiness"},{"surface":"secutus","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b12-l355","source":"sistit equos biiugis et curru desilit atque","translation":"then halts his pair of horses and jumps down from the chariot","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sistit","lemma":"sisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"halts"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"biiugis","lemma":"biiugus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pair"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"curru","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"desilit","lemma":"desilio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"jumps down"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b12-l356","source":"semianimi lapsoque supervenit et pede collo","translation":"and comes on him fallen and half alive, and setting a foot on his neck","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"semianimi","lemma":"semianimis","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"half alive"},{"surface":"lapsoque","lemma":"labor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"supervenit","lemma":"superuenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes up"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pede","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"collo","lemma":"collum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on his neck"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b12-l357","source":"impresso dextrae mucronem extorquet et alto","translation":"twists the blade out of his right hand and dips it, shining,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"impresso","lemma":"imprimo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pressed in"},{"surface":"dextrae","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"from his right hand"},{"surface":"mucronem","lemma":"mucro","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the blade"},{"surface":"extorquet","lemma":"extorqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"twists out"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b12-l358","source":"fulgentem tinguit iugulo atque haec insuper addit:","translation":"deep in his throat, and adds these words on top of it:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fulgentem","lemma":"fulgeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"tinguit","lemma":"tingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"dips"},{"surface":"iugulo","lemma":"iugulum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his throat"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"insuper","lemma":"insuper","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on top of it"},{"surface":"addit","lemma":"addo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"adds"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b12-l359","source":"“En agros et quam bello, Troiane, petisti,","translation":"“Look at the fields, Trojan, and the Hesperia you came for","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"agros","lemma":"ager","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the Hesperia"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"Troiane","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"petisti","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you came for"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b12-l360","source":"Hesperiam metire iacens: haec praemia qui me","translation":"in war: measure it out lying down. These are the prizes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hesperiam","lemma":"hesperia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Hesperia"},{"surface":"metire","lemma":"metior","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"measure it out"},{"surface":"iacens","lemma":"iaceo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lying down"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"praemia","lemma":"praemium","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"prizes"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b12-l361","source":"ferro ausi temptare ferunt, sic moenia condunt.”","translation":"they carry off who dare to try me with iron; this is how they found walls.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"ausi","lemma":"audeo","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"those who dare"},{"surface":"temptare","lemma":"tempto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to try"},{"surface":"ferunt","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"this is how"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"condunt","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b12-l362","source":"Huic comitem Asbyten coniecta cuspide mittit.","translation":"He sends Asbytes after him for company with a thrown point,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Huic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"after him"},{"surface":"comitem","lemma":"comes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"for company"},{"surface":"Asbyten","lemma":"asbytes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Asbytes"},{"surface":"coniecta","lemma":"conicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having thrown"},{"surface":"cuspide","lemma":"cuspis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"mittit","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sends"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b12-l363","source":"Chloreaque Sybarimque Daretaque Thersilochumque","translation":"and Chloreus and Sybaris and Dares and Thersilochus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chloreaque","lemma":"chloreus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Chloreus"},{"surface":"Sybarimque","lemma":"sybaris","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Sybaris"},{"surface":"Daretaque","lemma":"dares","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Dares","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Thersilochumque","lemma":"thersilochus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Thersilochus","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b12-l364","source":"et sternacis equi lapsum cervice Thymoeten.","translation":"and Thymoetes, thrown from the neck of a horse that pitched him off.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l364.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sternacis equi","title":"A word Vergil invents","body":"sternax, built from sternere, 'to lay flat', means a horse in the habit of throwing its rider. It is Vergil's own coinage, made because no existing Latin word named exactly this, and it does not appear again in the language."}],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sternacis","lemma":"sternax","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that pitched him off"},{"surface":"equi","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"lapsum","lemma":"labor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thrown"},{"surface":"cervice","lemma":"ceruix","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the neck"},{"surface":"Thymoeten","lemma":"thymoetes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Thymoetes"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b12-l365","source":"Ac velut Edoni Boreae cum spiritus alto","translation":"And as when the breath of the Edonian North Wind sounds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"velut","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"Edoni","lemma":"edonus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Edonian"},{"surface":"Boreae","lemma":"boreas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"north wind"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"spiritus","lemma":"spiritus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the breath"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the deep"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b12-l366","source":"insonat Aegaeo sequiturque ad litora fluctus,","translation":"over the deep Aegean and drives the swell to the shore,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"insonat","lemma":"insono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"makes a loud noise"},{"surface":"Aegaeo","lemma":"aegaeus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"Aegean"},{"surface":"sequiturque","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"follows"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the shore"},{"surface":"fluctus","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the swell"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b12-l367","source":"qua venti incubuere, fugam dant nubila caelo:","translation":"the clouds run in flight from the sky wherever the winds lie on it:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"venti","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"incubuere","lemma":"incumbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"lie on it"},{"surface":"fugam","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"dant","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"nubila","lemma":"nubilum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the clouds"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b12-l368","source":"sic Turno, quacumque viam secat, agmina cedunt","translation":"so for Turnus, wherever he cuts his road, the columns give way","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for Turnus"},{"surface":"quacumque","lemma":"quicumque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"secat","lemma":"seco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"cuts"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the columns"},{"surface":"cedunt","lemma":"cedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"give way"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b12-l369","source":"conversaeque ruunt acies; fert impetus ipsum,","translation":"and the ranks turn and run; his own rush carries him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conversaeque","lemma":"conuerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having turned around"},{"surface":"ruunt","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the ranks"},{"surface":"fert","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"impetus","lemma":"impetus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"his rush"},{"surface":"ipsum","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b12-l370","source":"et cristam adverso curru quatit aura volantem.","translation":"and the wind against the chariot shakes his flying crest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cristam","lemma":"crista","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"crest"},{"surface":"adverso","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"curru","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"quatit","lemma":"quatio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shakes"},{"surface":"aura","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the wind"},{"surface":"volantem","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flying"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b12-l371","source":"Non tulit instantem Phegeus animisque frementem:","translation":"Phegeus could not bear him pressing on and roaring in his spirit:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tulit","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"could bear"},{"surface":"instantem","lemma":"insto","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him pressing on"},{"surface":"Phegeus","lemma":"phegeus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Phegeus"},{"surface":"animisque","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his spirit"},{"surface":"frementem","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"roaring"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b12-l372","source":"obiecit sese ad currum et spumantia frenis","translation":"he threw himself in the chariot's way and with his right hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obiecit","lemma":"obicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw before"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in the way of"},{"surface":"currum","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"spumantia","lemma":"spumo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"foaming"},{"surface":"frenis","lemma":"frenum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at the bits"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b12-l373","source":"ora citatorum dextra detorsit equorum.","translation":"wrenched round the mouths of the driven horses, foaming at the bits.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"mouths"},{"surface":"citatorum","lemma":"cito","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his right hand"},{"surface":"detorsit","lemma":"detorqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wrenched round"},{"surface":"equorum","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b12-l374","source":"Dum trahitur pendetque iugis, hunc lata retectum","translation":"While he is dragged and hangs from the yoke, the broad lance","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"trahitur","lemma":"traho","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is dragged"},{"surface":"pendetque","lemma":"pendeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"hangs"},{"surface":"iugis","lemma":"iugum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the yoke"},{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"lata","lemma":"latus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"retectum","lemma":"retego","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been uncovered"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b12-l375","source":"lancea consequitur rumpitque infixa bilicem","translation":"reaches him where he is uncovered, and, driven in, breaks the double-linked","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l375.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bilicem loricam","title":"The armor, named by its weave","body":"bilix means woven of two threads, here describing lorica, the corselet, as made of two courses of mail rings. The line names the specific construction of the armor at the moment the spear breaks through it."}],"words":[{"surface":"lancea","lemma":"lancea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the lance"},{"surface":"consequitur","lemma":"consequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows"},{"surface":"rumpitque","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"breaks"},{"surface":"infixa","lemma":"infigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven in"},{"surface":"bilicem","lemma":"bilix","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"double-woven"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b12-l376","source":"loricam et summum degustat volnere corpus.","translation":"corselet, and just tastes the surface of the body with a wound.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"loricam","lemma":"lorica","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"corselet"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"summum","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the surface"},{"surface":"degustat","lemma":"degusto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tastes"},{"surface":"volnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"corpus","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"body"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b12-l377","source":"Ille tamen clipeo obiecto conversus in hostem","translation":"Still he turned on his enemy with his shield out in front","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"clipeo","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his shield"},{"surface":"obiecto","lemma":"obicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"out in front"},{"surface":"conversus","lemma":"conuerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having turned around"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"hostem","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"his enemy"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b12-l378","source":"ibat et auxilium ducto mucrone petebat:","translation":"and kept coming, and with his sword drawn was looking for help:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ibat","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept coming"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auxilium","lemma":"auxilium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"ducto","lemma":"duco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"mucrone","lemma":"mucro","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his sword"},{"surface":"petebat","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was looking for"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b12-l379","source":"cum rota praecipitem et procursu concitus axis","translation":"when the wheel and the axle, driven on by the rush,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"rota","lemma":"rota","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the wheel"},{"surface":"praecipitem","lemma":"praeceps","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"headlong"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"procursu","lemma":"procursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by the rush"},{"surface":"concitus","lemma":"concieo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven on"},{"surface":"axis","lemma":"axis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the axle"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b12-l380","source":"impulit effunditque solo, Turnusque secutus","translation":"knocked him headlong and spilled him on the ground; and Turnus, following,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"impulit","lemma":"impello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"knocked"},{"surface":"effunditque","lemma":"effundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"spilled"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"Turnusque","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"secutus","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having followed"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b12-l381","source":"imam inter galeam summi thoracis et oras","translation":"between the bottom of the helmet and the top edge of the breastplate,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"imam","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the bottom of"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"galeam","lemma":"galea","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the helmet"},{"surface":"summi","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the top of"},{"surface":"thoracis","lemma":"thorax","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the breastplate"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oras","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"edges"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b12-l382","source":"abstulit ense caput truncumque reliquit harenae.","translation":"took the head off with his sword and left the trunk in the sand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"abstulit","lemma":"aufero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"took off"},{"surface":"ense","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"truncumque","lemma":"truncus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"trunk"},{"surface":"reliquit","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"left behind"},{"surface":"harenae","lemma":"harena","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"in the sand"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b12-l383","source":"Atque ea dum campis victor dat funera Turnus,","translation":"And while Turnus in victory is dealing these deaths on the plain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ea","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"campis","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the plain"},{"surface":"victor","lemma":"uictor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"in victory"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"funera","lemma":"funus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"deaths"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b12-l384","source":"interea Aenean Mnestheus et fidus Achates","translation":"meanwhile Mnestheus and faithful Achates,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Mnestheus","lemma":"mnestheus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mnestheus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fidus","lemma":"fidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"Achates","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b12-l385","source":"Ascaniusque comes castris statuere cruentum,","translation":"and Ascanius with them, had set Aeneas bleeding in the camp,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ascaniusque","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ascanius","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"comes","lemma":"comes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"with them"},{"surface":"castris","lemma":"castra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the camp"},{"surface":"statuere","lemma":"statuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had set"},{"surface":"cruentum","lemma":"cruentus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bleeding"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b12-l386","source":"alternos longa nitentem cuspide gressus.","translation":"leaning on his long spear at every second step.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l386.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"alternos ... gressus","title":"Every other step named","body":"alternos gressus, 'alternate steps', states that the man leans on his spear for every second pace, one leg working and one supported. Three words describe exactly what a man walks like with an arrow through one thigh."}],"words":[{"surface":"alternos","lemma":"alternus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every second"},{"surface":"longa","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"nitentem","lemma":"nitor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"cuspide","lemma":"cuspis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on his spear"},{"surface":"gressus","lemma":"gressus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"steps"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b12-l387","source":"Saevit et infracta luctatur arundine telum","translation":"He rages, and struggles, the shaft snapped off, to drag the weapon","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Saevit","lemma":"saeuio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"infracta","lemma":"infringo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"snapped off"},{"surface":"luctatur","lemma":"luctor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"struggles"},{"surface":"arundine","lemma":"arundo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the shaft"},{"surface":"telum","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapon"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b12-l388","source":"eripere auxilioque viam, quae proxima, poscit","translation":"out, and demands the nearest way of helping him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"eripere","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to drag out"},{"surface":"auxilioque","lemma":"auxilium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"of helping","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"proxima","lemma":"proximus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"nearest"},{"surface":"poscit","lemma":"posco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"demands"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b12-l389","source":"ense secent lato vulnus telique latebram","translation":"let them cut the wound with a broad sword, and slit right open","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ense","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"secent","lemma":"seco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"cut"},{"surface":"lato","lemma":"latus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"vulnus","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the wound"},{"surface":"telique","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"the arrow's"},{"surface":"latebram","lemma":"latebra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hiding-place"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b12-l390","source":"rescindant penitus seseque in bella remittant.","translation":"the arrow's hiding-place, and send him back into the war.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"rescindant","lemma":"rescindo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let them slit open"},{"surface":"penitus","lemma":"penitus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"seseque","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the war"},{"surface":"remittant","lemma":"remitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"send back"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b12-l391","source":"Iamque aderat Phoebo ante alios dilectus Iapyx","translation":"And now Iapyx was there, loved by Phoebus beyond the rest,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"aderat","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was there"},{"surface":"Phoebo","lemma":"phoebus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"alios","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"dilectus","lemma":"diligo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"Iapyx","lemma":"iapyx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Iapyx"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b12-l392","source":"Iasides, acri quondam cui captus amore","translation":"the son of Iasus; once, caught by a keen love of him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iasides","lemma":"iasides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"son of Iasus"},{"surface":"acri","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"keen"},{"surface":"quondam","lemma":"quondam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"by him"},{"surface":"captus","lemma":"capio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"amore","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b12-l393","source":"ipse suas artes, sua munera, laetus Apollo","translation":"Apollo was glad to offer his own arts, his own gifts,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"suas","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"artes","lemma":"ars","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"arts"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"munera","lemma":"munus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"laetus","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"Apollo","lemma":"apollo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b12-l394","source":"augurium citharamque dabat celerisque sagittas.","translation":"augury, the lyre, and the swift arrows.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"augurium","lemma":"augurium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"augury"},{"surface":"citharamque","lemma":"cithara","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the lyre"},{"surface":"dabat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was offering"},{"surface":"celerisque","lemma":"celer","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"sagittas","lemma":"sagitta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b12-l395","source":"Ille ut depositi proferret fata parentis,","translation":"But he, to put off the fated hour of a father given up for lost,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"but he"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"depositi","lemma":"depono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"given up for lost"},{"surface":"proferret","lemma":"profero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"might put off"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"parentis","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of a father"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b12-l396","source":"scire potestates herbarum usumque medendi","translation":"chose rather to know the powers of herbs and the practice of healing,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"scire","lemma":"scio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"potestates","lemma":"potestas","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the powers"},{"surface":"herbarum","lemma":"herba","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of herbs"},{"surface":"usumque","lemma":"usus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the practice"},{"surface":"medendi","lemma":"medeor","morphology":"gerund, genitive","role":"possessive","gloss":"of healing"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b12-l397","source":"maluit et mutas agitare inglorius artes.","translation":"and to work at silent arts with no fame in them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"maluit","lemma":"malo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"chose rather"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mutas","lemma":"mutus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"agitare","lemma":"agito","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to work at"},{"surface":"inglorius","lemma":"inglorius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"with no fame"},{"surface":"artes","lemma":"ars","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"arts"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b12-l398","source":"Stabat acerba fremens, ingentem nixus in hastam","translation":"Aeneas stood raging bitterly, propped on his huge spear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Stabat","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"acerba","lemma":"acerbus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bitterly"},{"surface":"fremens","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raging"},{"surface":"ingentem","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"nixus","lemma":"nitor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"propped"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"hastam","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b12-l399","source":"Aeneas magno iuvenum et maerentis Iuli","translation":"in a great press of young men and of grieving Iulus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"iuvenum","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"maerentis","lemma":"maereo","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of grieving"},{"surface":"Iuli","lemma":"iulus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Iulus"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b12-l400","source":"concursu, lacrimis immobilis. Ille retorto","translation":"unmoved by their tears. The old man, his cloak turned back","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l400.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lacrimis immobilis","title":"Two words closing a long sentence","body":"lacrimis immobilis, 'unmoved by tears', are the two words that finally close a sentence that has been running for three lines. Aeneas stands in a crowd of weeping men without responding to them; the same phrase returns later, at the point he does hesitate."}],"words":[{"surface":"concursu","lemma":"concursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a press"},{"surface":"lacrimis","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"immobilis","lemma":"immobilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"unmoved"},{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"retorto","lemma":"retorqueo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been twisted back"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b12-l401","source":"Paeonium in morem senior succinctus amictu","translation":"and belted up in the Healer's fashion,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Paeonium","lemma":"paeonius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the Healer's"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"morem","lemma":"mos","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fashion"},{"surface":"senior","lemma":"senior","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"succinctus","lemma":"succingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"girded"},{"surface":"amictu","lemma":"amictus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cloak"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b12-l402","source":"multa manu medica Phoebique potentibus herbis","translation":"with much of his doctoring hand and Phoebus' strong herbs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"medica","lemma":"medicus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"doctoring"},{"surface":"Phoebique","lemma":"phoebus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Phoebus'"},{"surface":"potentibus","lemma":"potens","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"herbis","lemma":"herba","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with herbs"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b12-l403","source":"nequiquam trepidat, nequiquam spicula dextra","translation":"hurries for nothing; for nothing his right hand works at the barb","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nequiquam","lemma":"nequiquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for nothing"},{"surface":"trepidat","lemma":"trepido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurries"},{"surface":"nequiquam","lemma":"nequiquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for nothing"},{"surface":"spicula","lemma":"spiculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the barb"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"right hand"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b12-l404","source":"sollicitat prensatque tenaci forcipe ferrum.","translation":"and clutches the iron with the gripping forceps.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sollicitat","lemma":"sollicito","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"works at"},{"surface":"prensatque","lemma":"prenso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"clutches"},{"surface":"tenaci","lemma":"tenax","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gripping"},{"surface":"forcipe","lemma":"forceps","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the forceps"},{"surface":"ferrum","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b12-l405","source":"Nulla viam Fortuna regit, nihil auctor Apollo","translation":"No Fortune steers the way, no help comes from Apollo","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nulla","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the way"},{"surface":"Fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"regit","lemma":"rego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"steers"},{"surface":"nihil","lemma":"nihil","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"no help"},{"surface":"auctor","lemma":"auctor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"Apollo","lemma":"apollo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b12-l406","source":"subvenit; et saevus campis magis ac magis horror","translation":"his master; and out on the plain the savage terror grows","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"subvenit","lemma":"subuenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes to help"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"saevus","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"campis","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the plain"},{"surface":"magis","lemma":"magis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"magis","lemma":"magis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"horror","lemma":"horror","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"terror"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b12-l407","source":"crebrescit propiusque malum est. Iam pulvere caelum","translation":"thicker and thicker, and the evil is closer. Now they see the sky","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"crebrescit","lemma":"crebresco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"grows thicker"},{"surface":"propiusque","lemma":"prope","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"closer","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"malum","lemma":"malum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the evil"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"pulvere","lemma":"puluis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in dust"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b12-l408","source":"stare vident: subeunt equites, et spicula castris","translation":"standing in dust; horsemen come up, and thick arrows","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"stare","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to stand"},{"surface":"vident","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"subeunt","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"come up"},{"surface":"equites","lemma":"eques","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"horsemen"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"spicula","lemma":"spiculum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"arrows"},{"surface":"castris","lemma":"castra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the camp"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b12-l409","source":"densa cadunt mediis. It tristis ad aethera clamor","translation":"fall in the middle of the camp. A grim shout goes up to the air","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"densa","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"cadunt","lemma":"cado","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"mediis","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"It","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"tristis","lemma":"tristis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"aethera","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the air"},{"surface":"clamor","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shout"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b12-l410","source":"bellantum iuvenum et duro sub Marte cadentum.","translation":"from young men fighting and falling under hard war.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bellantum","lemma":"bello","morphology":"participle, present active genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"iuvenum","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"duro","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"Marte","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"cadentum","lemma":"cado","morphology":"participle, present active genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"falling"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b12-l411","source":"Hic Venus, indigno nati concussa dolore,","translation":"Here Venus, shaken by her son's undeserved pain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l411.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"indigno ... dolore","title":"Pain called unearned","body":"indignus describes what has not been earned or deserved, not size or intensity. indigno dolore, 'with undeserved pain', names the arrow wound as pain Aeneas has not brought on himself, stated from Venus' point of view."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"indigno","lemma":"indignus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"undeserved"},{"surface":"nati","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"son's"},{"surface":"concussa","lemma":"concutio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaken"},{"surface":"dolore","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by pain"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b12-l412","source":"dictamnum genetrix Cretaea carpit ab Ida,","translation":"his mother, plucks dittany from Cretan Ida,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dictamnum","lemma":"dictamnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"dittany"},{"surface":"genetrix","lemma":"genetrix","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"his mother"},{"surface":"Cretaea","lemma":"cretaeus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Cretan"},{"surface":"carpit","lemma":"carpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"plucks"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ida","lemma":"ida","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Ida"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b12-l413","source":"puberibus caulem foliis et flore comantem","translation":"a stalk with downy leaves and a head of purple","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"puberibus","lemma":"puber","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"downy"},{"surface":"caulem","lemma":"caulis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"stalk"},{"surface":"foliis","lemma":"folium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flore","lemma":"flos","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"flower"},{"surface":"comantem","lemma":"como","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"with a head of"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b12-l414","source":"purpureo; non illa feris incognita capris","translation":"flower; that herb is not unknown to the wild goats","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"purpureo","lemma":"purpureus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"feris","lemma":"ferus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the wild"},{"surface":"incognita","lemma":"incognitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"unknown"},{"surface":"capris","lemma":"caper","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"goats"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b12-l415","source":"gramina, cum tergo volucres haesere sagittae:","translation":"when winged arrows have stuck in their backs.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"gramina","lemma":"gramen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"grass, turf"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"tergo","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in their backs"},{"surface":"volucres","lemma":"uolucer","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"haesere","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"have stuck"},{"surface":"sagittae","lemma":"sagitta","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b12-l416","source":"hoc Venus, obscuro faciem circumdata nimbo,","translation":"This Venus brought down, her face wrapped round","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"obscuro","lemma":"obscurus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"faciem","lemma":"facies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"circumdata","lemma":"circumdo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wrapped round"},{"surface":"nimbo","lemma":"nimbus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a mist"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b12-l417","source":"detulit; hoc fusum labris splendentibus amnem","translation":"in a dark mist; with this she steeps the water poured","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"detulit","lemma":"defero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought down"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with this"},{"surface":"fusum","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"labris","lemma":"labrum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in basins"},{"surface":"splendentibus","lemma":"splendeo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"amnem","lemma":"amnis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the water"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b12-l418","source":"inficit occulte medicans spargitque salubris","translation":"into the shining basins, doctoring it in secret, and sprinkles in","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inficit","lemma":"inficio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"infuses"},{"surface":"occulte","lemma":"occulte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in secret"},{"surface":"medicans","lemma":"medicor","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"doctoring"},{"surface":"spargitque","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprinkles"},{"surface":"salubris","lemma":"salubris","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"healing"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b12-l419","source":"ambrosiae sucos et odoriferam panaceam.","translation":"the healing juices of ambrosia and sweet-smelling cure-all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l419.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"panaceam","title":"A Greek name for a cure-all","body":"panacea is a Greek loanword meaning a cure for everything, kept in Latin as the technical name of a legendary healing herb. Venus adds it, along with ambrosia, the food of the gods, to an ordinary medicine."}],"words":[{"surface":"ambrosiae","lemma":"ambrosia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of ambrosia"},{"surface":"sucos","lemma":"sucus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the juices"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"odoriferam","lemma":"odorifer","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sweet-smelling"},{"surface":"panaceam","lemma":"panacea","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cure-all"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b12-l420","source":"Fovit ea volnus lympha longaevus Iapyx","translation":"With that water long-lived Iapyx bathed the wound,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fovit","lemma":"foueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bathed"},{"surface":"ea","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"volnus","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"lympha","lemma":"lympha","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with water"},{"surface":"longaevus","lemma":"longaeuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long-lived"},{"surface":"Iapyx","lemma":"iapyx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Iapyx"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b12-l421","source":"ignorans, subitoque omnis de corpore fugit","translation":"knowing nothing of it; and suddenly all the pain fled","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ignorans","lemma":"ignoro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"not knowing"},{"surface":"subitoque","lemma":"subito","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the body"},{"surface":"fugit","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b12-l422","source":"quippe dolor, omnis stetit imo volnere sanguis;","translation":"out of the body, and all the blood stood still deep in the wound;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quippe","lemma":"quippe","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and indeed"},{"surface":"dolor","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the pain"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"stetit","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"imo","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"volnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"sanguis","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b12-l423","source":"iamque secuta manum nullo cogente sagitta","translation":"and now the arrow, following his hand with nothing forcing it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"secuta","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having followed"},{"surface":"manum","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"nullo","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"cogente","lemma":"cogo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"forcing"},{"surface":"sagitta","lemma":"sagitta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the arrow"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b12-l424","source":"excidit, atque novae rediere in pristina vires.","translation":"fell out, and new strength came back to what it had been.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"excidit","lemma":"excido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell out"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"novae","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"rediere","lemma":"redeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"went back"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pristina","lemma":"pristinus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"what it had been"},{"surface":"vires","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b12-l425","source":"“Arma citi properate viro! Quid statis?” Iapyx","translation":"“Arms, quickly, get the man his arms! Why are you standing there?” Iapyx","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"citi","lemma":"citus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"properate","lemma":"propero","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"get ready"},{"surface":"viro","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"statis","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"Iapyx","lemma":"iapyx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Iapyx"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b12-l426","source":"conclamat primusque animos adcendit in hostem.","translation":"calls out, and is the first to fire their spirits against the enemy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conclamat","lemma":"conclamo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls out"},{"surface":"primusque","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"their spirits"},{"surface":"adcendit","lemma":"accendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hostem","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the enemy"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b12-l427","source":"“Non haec humanis opibus, non arte magistra","translation":"“These things do not come out of human means, nor from an art","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"humanis","lemma":"humanus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"human"},{"surface":"opibus","lemma":"ops","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by means"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"arte","lemma":"ars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by an art"},{"surface":"magistra","lemma":"magister","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"with a master"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b12-l428","source":"proveniunt neque te, Aenea, mea dextera servat:","translation":"with a master in it, and it is not my right hand that saves you, Aeneas:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"proveniunt","lemma":"prouenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"come forth"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Aenea","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"dextera","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"servat","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"saves"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b12-l429","source":"maior agit deus atque opera ad maiora remittit.”","translation":"a greater god is at work, and sends you back to greater work.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"maior","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"agit","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is at work"},{"surface":"deus","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"opera","lemma":"opus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"maiora","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"remittit","lemma":"remitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sends back"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b12-l430","source":"Ille avidus pugnae suras incluserat auro","translation":"He, hungry for the fight, had shut his calves in gold","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"avidus","lemma":"auidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"hungry"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"for the fight"},{"surface":"suras","lemma":"sura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"calves"},{"surface":"incluserat","lemma":"includo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had enclosed"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in gold"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b12-l431","source":"hinc atque hinc oditque moras hastamque coruscat.","translation":"on this side and that; he hates the delay, and makes his spear flash.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on this side"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on that"},{"surface":"oditque","lemma":"odi","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hates"},{"surface":"moras","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the delay"},{"surface":"hastamque","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"coruscat","lemma":"corusco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes flash"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b12-l432","source":"Postquam habilis lateri clipeus loricaque tergo est,","translation":"Once the shield sits well at his side and the corselet on his back,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"habilis","lemma":"habilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"sits well"},{"surface":"lateri","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"at his side"},{"surface":"clipeus","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"loricaque","lemma":"lorica","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the corselet"},{"surface":"tergo","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on his back"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b12-l433","source":"Ascanium fusis circum complectitur armis","translation":"he throws his arms round Ascanius and holds him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ascanium","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"fusis","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"thrown"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"complectitur","lemma":"complector","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"embraces"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his arms"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b12-l434","source":"summaque per galeam delibans oscula fatur:","translation":"and, barely touching a kiss through the helmet, says:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"summaque","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"barely touching"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"galeam","lemma":"galea","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the helmet"},{"surface":"delibans","lemma":"delibo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"touching"},{"surface":"oscula","lemma":"osculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kiss"},{"surface":"fatur","lemma":"for","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b12-l435","source":"“Disce, puer, virtutem ex me verumque laborem,","translation":"“Learn courage from me, boy, and what real labor is;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Disce","lemma":"disco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"learn"},{"surface":"puer","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"virtutem","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"verumque","lemma":"uerus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"laborem","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"labor"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b12-l436","source":"fortunam ex aliis. Nunc te mea dextera bello","translation":"good fortune from other men. Now my own right hand will give you","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fortunam","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"aliis","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"other men"},{"surface":"Nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"dextera","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the war"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b12-l437","source":"defensum dabit et magna inter praemia ducet.","translation":"cover in the war, and lead you among great prizes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"defensum","lemma":"defendo","morphology":"supine, accusative","role":"purpose","gloss":"to cover"},{"surface":"dabit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"magna","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"praemia","lemma":"praemium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"prizes"},{"surface":"ducet","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will lead"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b12-l438","source":"Tu facito, mox cum matura adoleverit aetas,","translation":"See to it, when your years have ripened soon into manhood,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"facito","lemma":"facio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"see to it"},{"surface":"mox","lemma":"mox","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"matura","lemma":"maturus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ripened"},{"surface":"adoleverit","lemma":"adolesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will grow up"},{"surface":"aetas","lemma":"aetas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"your years"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b12-l439","source":"sis memor, et te animo repetentem exempla tuorum","translation":"that you remember; and as you go back over your own people's examples","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sis","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"may you be"},{"surface":"memor","lemma":"memor","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"animo","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"repetentem","lemma":"repeto","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"going back over"},{"surface":"exempla","lemma":"exemplum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"examples"},{"surface":"tuorum","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of your own people"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b12-l440","source":"et pater Aeneas et avunculus excitet Hector.”","translation":"let both your father Aeneas and your uncle Hector rouse you.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"avunculus","lemma":"auunculus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"uncle"},{"surface":"excitet","lemma":"excito","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let rouse"},{"surface":"Hector","lemma":"hector","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Hector"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b12-l441","source":"Haec ubi dicta dedit, portis sese extulit ingens,","translation":"When he had given these words, he carried himself huge out through the gates,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"portis","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"through the gates"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"extulit","lemma":"effero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b12-l442","source":"telum immane manu quatiens; simul agmine denso","translation":"shaking a monstrous spear in his hand; and in a thick column","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"telum","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"a spear"},{"surface":"immane","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"quatiens","lemma":"quatio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaking"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"agmine","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"denso","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"thick"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b12-l443","source":"Antheusque Mnestheusque ruunt omnisque relictis","translation":"Antheus and Mnestheus rush with him, and the whole crowd","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Antheusque","lemma":"antheus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Antheus"},{"surface":"Mnestheusque","lemma":"mnestheus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mnestheus"},{"surface":"ruunt","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rush"},{"surface":"omnisque","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"relictis","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"left"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b12-l444","source":"turba fluit castris: tum caeco pulvere campus","translation":"flows out of the camp they leave; then the field is churned","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"turba","lemma":"turba","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"crowd"},{"surface":"fluit","lemma":"fluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flows"},{"surface":"castris","lemma":"castra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"out of the camp"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"caeco","lemma":"caecus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"blinding"},{"surface":"pulvere","lemma":"puluis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with dust"},{"surface":"campus","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"field"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b12-l445","source":"miscetur pulsuque pedum tremit excita tellus.","translation":"with blinding dust, and the earth, stirred, shakes at the beat of feet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"miscetur","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is churned"},{"surface":"pulsuque","lemma":"pulsus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at the beat"},{"surface":"pedum","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"tremit","lemma":"tremo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shakes"},{"surface":"excita","lemma":"excieo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"tellus","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b12-l446","source":"Vidit ab adverso venientis aggere Turnus,","translation":"Turnus saw them coming from the rampart opposite,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vidit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"adverso","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"venientis","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"them coming"},{"surface":"aggere","lemma":"agger","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the rampart"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b12-l447","source":"videre Ausonii, gelidusque per ima cucurrit","translation":"the Ausonians saw, and a cold shuddering ran through the deep","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"videre","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Ausonii","lemma":"ausonius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ausonian"},{"surface":"gelidusque","lemma":"gelidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ima","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the deep"},{"surface":"cucurrit","lemma":"curro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b12-l448","source":"ossa tremor: prima ante omnis Iuturna Latinos","translation":"of their bones; before all the Latins Juturna","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ossa","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"tremor","lemma":"tremor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"a shuddering"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Iuturna","lemma":"iuturna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juturna"},{"surface":"Latinos","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the Latins"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b12-l449","source":"audiit adgnovitque sonum et tremefacta refugit.","translation":"heard and knew the sound, and fled back trembling.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"audiit","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"adgnovitque","lemma":"agnosco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"sonum","lemma":"sonus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the sound"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tremefacta","lemma":"tremefacio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"refugit","lemma":"refugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled back"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b12-l450","source":"Ille volat campoque atrum rapit agmen aperto.","translation":"He flies, and drives his black column over the open plain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"volat","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"campoque","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"over the plain"},{"surface":"atrum","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"rapit","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"agmen","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"aperto","lemma":"apertus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"open"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b12-l451","source":"Qualis ubi ad terras abrupto sidere nimbus","translation":"As when a storm cloud, the weather broken, goes toward land","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qualis","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of what kind"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"abrupto","lemma":"abrumpo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"broken"},{"surface":"sidere","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weather"},{"surface":"nimbus","lemma":"nimbus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"storm cloud"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b12-l452","source":"it mare per medium; miseris heu praescia longe","translation":"across the middle of the sea; ah, from far off the knowing hearts","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"it","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"mare","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"medium","lemma":"medium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"miseris","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the poor"},{"surface":"heu","lemma":"heu","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"praescia","lemma":"praescius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"knowing hearts"},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from far off"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b12-l453","source":"horrescunt corda agricolis, dabit ille ruinas","translation":"of the poor farmers shudder: that one will bring the trees","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"horrescunt","lemma":"horresco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shudder"},{"surface":"corda","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"agricolis","lemma":"agricola","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the farmers"},{"surface":"dabit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will bring"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ruinas","lemma":"ruina","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"down"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b12-l454","source":"arboribus stragemque satis, ruet omnia late;","translation":"down and flatten the crops, and lay everything waste far and wide;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arboribus","lemma":"arbor","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the trees"},{"surface":"stragemque","lemma":"strages","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"destruction"},{"surface":"satis","lemma":"satus","morphology":"participle, perfect passive dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the crops"},{"surface":"ruet","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will lay waste"},{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"late","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far and wide"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b12-l455","source":"ante volant sonitumque ferunt ad litora venti:","translation":"the winds fly ahead and carry the sound of it to the shore:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"ahead"},{"surface":"volant","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"sonitumque","lemma":"sonitus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the sound"},{"surface":"ferunt","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the shore"},{"surface":"venti","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b12-l456","source":"talis in adversos ductor Rhoeteius hostis","translation":"so the Rhoetean leader drives his column against the enemy","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l456.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ductor Rhoeteius","title":"Named by place, not name","body":"Rhoeteum is a headland on the Trojan coast, and ductor Rhoeteius, 'the Rhoetean leader', names Aeneas by that place instead of by his own name. Vergil uses this kind of naming in similes, where the man's origin matters more than his name."}],"words":[{"surface":"talis","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"adversos","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"ductor","lemma":"ductor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the leader"},{"surface":"Rhoeteius","lemma":"rhoeteius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Rhoetean"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the enemy"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b12-l457","source":"agmen agit, densi cuneis se quisque coactis","translation":"facing him; each man packs himself into the tightened wedges,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"agmen","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"agit","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"densi","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"close-massed"},{"surface":"cuneis","lemma":"cuneus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"into wedges"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"quisque","lemma":"quisque","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"coactis","lemma":"cogo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tightened"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b12-l458","source":"adglomerant. Ferit ense gravem Thymbraeus Osirim,","translation":"close-massed. Thymbraeus strikes heavy Osiris with his sword,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adglomerant","lemma":"agglomero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"packs"},{"surface":"Ferit","lemma":"ferio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"ense","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"gravem","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"Thymbraeus","lemma":"thymbraeus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Thymbraeus"},{"surface":"Osirim","lemma":"osiris","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Osiris"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b12-l459","source":"Archetium Mnestheus, Epulonem obtruncat Achates","translation":"Mnestheus strikes Archetius, Achates cuts down Epulo,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Archetium","lemma":"archetius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Archetius"},{"surface":"Mnestheus","lemma":"mnestheus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mnestheus"},{"surface":"Epulonem","lemma":"epulo","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Epulo"},{"surface":"obtruncat","lemma":"obtrunco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cuts down"},{"surface":"Achates","lemma":"achates","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Achates"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b12-l460","source":"Ufentemque Gyas; cadit ipse Tolumnius augur,","translation":"and Gyas Ufens; Tolumnius the augur himself falls,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ufentemque","lemma":"ufens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Ufens"},{"surface":"Gyas","lemma":"gyas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Gyas"},{"surface":"cadit","lemma":"cado","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"falls"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Tolumnius","lemma":"tolumnius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Tolumnius"},{"surface":"augur","lemma":"augur","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the augur"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b12-l461","source":"primus in adversos telum qui torserat hostis.","translation":"who had been the first to hurl a spear at the enemy facing him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"primus","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"adversos","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"telum","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"a spear"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"torserat","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had hurled"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the enemy"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b12-l462","source":"Tollitur in caelum clamor, versique vicissim","translation":"A shout is lifted to the sky, and the Rutulians in their turn","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tollitur","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is lifted"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the sky"},{"surface":"clamor","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"versique","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"vicissim","lemma":"uicissim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in their turn"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b12-l463","source":"pulverulenta fuga Rutuli dant terga per agros.","translation":"are turned, and give their backs in a dusty flight across the fields.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pulverulenta","lemma":"puluerulentus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"dusty"},{"surface":"fuga","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"Rutuli","lemma":"rutuli","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"dant","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"terga","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"their backs"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"agros","lemma":"ager","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the fields"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b12-l464","source":"Ipse neque aversos dignatur sternere Morti","translation":"He himself does not stoop to lay out for Death the men with their backs turned,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"aversos","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"turned backs"},{"surface":"dignatur","lemma":"dignor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"stoops"},{"surface":"sternere","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to lay low"},{"surface":"Morti","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b12-l465","source":"nec pede congressos aequo nec tela ferentis","translation":"nor does he chase those meeting him on level footing, nor those carrying","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pede","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"congressos","lemma":"congredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"those meeting"},{"surface":"aequo","lemma":"aequus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"level"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ferentis","lemma":"fero","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b12-l466","source":"insequitur: solum densa in caligine Turnum","translation":"spears: Turnus alone he tracks, scanning the thick murk,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"insequitur","lemma":"insequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"pursues"},{"surface":"solum","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"densa","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"caligine","lemma":"caligo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"murk"},{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b12-l467","source":"vestigat lustrans, solum in certamina poscit.","translation":"Turnus alone he calls out to the fight.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vestigat","lemma":"uestigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tracks down"},{"surface":"lustrans","lemma":"lustro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"scanning"},{"surface":"solum","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"certamina","lemma":"certamen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the fight"},{"surface":"poscit","lemma":"posco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls out"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b12-l468","source":"Hoc concussa metu mentem Iuturna virago","translation":"Struck in her mind by this fear, Juturna the war-maiden","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l468.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"virago","title":"A word for a fighting woman","body":"virago is built from vir, 'man', and describes a woman who fights or acts as a man does; Vergil also applies it to Athena. Here it names Juturna, and it is the only time the word appears in the whole poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by this"},{"surface":"concussa","lemma":"concutio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"metu","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"mentem","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"Iuturna","lemma":"iuturna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juturna"},{"surface":"virago","lemma":"uirago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the war-maiden"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b12-l469","source":"aurigam Turni media inter lora Metiscum","translation":"throws Metiscus, Turnus' driver, out from the middle of his reins","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aurigam","lemma":"auriga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the driver"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"lora","lemma":"lorum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"his reins"},{"surface":"Metiscum","lemma":"metiscus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Metiscus"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b12-l470","source":"excutit et longe lapsum temone relinquit:","translation":"and leaves him fallen far behind the chariot-pole:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"excutit","lemma":"excutio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throws out"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"lapsum","lemma":"labor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"temone","lemma":"temo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"behind the chariot-pole"},{"surface":"relinquit","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaves behind"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b12-l471","source":"ipsa subit manibusque undantis flectit habenas,","translation":"she takes his place, and bends the rippling reins in her hands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"subit","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes his place"},{"surface":"manibusque","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"undantis","lemma":"undo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rippling"},{"surface":"flectit","lemma":"flecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bends"},{"surface":"habenas","lemma":"habena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the reins"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b12-l472","source":"cuncta gerens, vocemque et corpus et arma Metisci.","translation":"carrying all of it, the voice and body and arms of Metiscus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cuncta","lemma":"cunctus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"gerens","lemma":"gero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"vocemque","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"corpus","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"Metisci","lemma":"metiscus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Metiscus"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b12-l473","source":"Nigra velut magnas domini cum divitis aedes","translation":"As when a black swallow flies through the great house","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nigra","lemma":"niger","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"velut","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"magnas","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"domini","lemma":"dominus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"master's"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"divitis","lemma":"diues","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rich man"},{"surface":"aedes","lemma":"aedes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b12-l474","source":"pervolat et pennis alta atria lustrat hirundo,","translation":"of a rich master, and goes round the high halls on her wings,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pervolat","lemma":"peruolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies through"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pennis","lemma":"penna","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on her wings"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"atria","lemma":"atrium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"lustrat","lemma":"lustro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes round"},{"surface":"hirundo","lemma":"hirundo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"swallow"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b12-l475","source":"pabula parva legens nidisque loquacibus escas,","translation":"picking up small feed and scraps for her chattering nest,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pabula","lemma":"pabulum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"feed"},{"surface":"parva","lemma":"paruus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"legens","lemma":"lego","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"picking up"},{"surface":"nidisque","lemma":"nidus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for her nest"},{"surface":"loquacibus","lemma":"loquax","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"chattering"},{"surface":"escas","lemma":"esca","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"scraps"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b12-l476","source":"et nunc porticibus vacuis, nunc umida circum","translation":"and now in the empty colonnades, now around the damp","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"porticibus","lemma":"porticus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the colonnades"},{"surface":"vacuis","lemma":"uacuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"umida","lemma":"umidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"damp"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b12-l477","source":"stagna sonat: similis medios Iuturna per hostis","translation":"pools, is heard: like her, Juturna through the middle of the enemy","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"stagna","lemma":"stagnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"pools"},{"surface":"sonat","lemma":"sono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is heard"},{"surface":"similis","lemma":"similis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"like her"},{"surface":"medios","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"Iuturna","lemma":"iuturna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juturna"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the enemy"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b12-l478","source":"fertur equis rapidoque volans obit omnia curru","translation":"is carried by her horses, and flying goes over everything in the racing car,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fertur","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is carried"},{"surface":"equis","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"rapidoque","lemma":"rapidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"racing"},{"surface":"volans","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"obit","lemma":"obeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes to meet"},{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"curru","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the car"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b12-l479","source":"iamque hic germanum iamque hic ostentat ovantem","translation":"and shows her brother in triumph now here, now here,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"germanum","lemma":"germanus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ostentat","lemma":"ostento","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shows"},{"surface":"ovantem","lemma":"ouo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in triumph"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b12-l480","source":"nec conferre manum patitur, volat avia longe.","translation":"and will not let him close hands, but flies far off out of the way.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"conferre","lemma":"confero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to close"},{"surface":"manum","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"patitur","lemma":"patior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"allows"},{"surface":"volat","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"avia","lemma":"auius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"out of the way"},{"surface":"longe","lemma":"longe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b12-l481","source":"Haud minus Aeneas tortos legit obvius orbes","translation":"No less does Aeneas, coming to meet them, pick up the twisted circles","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l481.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tortos legit obvius orbes","title":"One verb for two meanings","body":"legere means both to gather or pick out and to read; orbes, 'circles', are the loops a chariot's track cuts into the ground. Aeneas is legit, 'reading', the shape of the track to follow it, both senses of the verb active at once."}],"words":[{"surface":"Haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"minus","lemma":"minus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"tortos","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been twisted"},{"surface":"legit","lemma":"lego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"picks up"},{"surface":"obvius","lemma":"obuius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming to meet them"},{"surface":"orbes","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"circles"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b12-l482","source":"vestigatque virum et disiecta per agmina magna","translation":"and track the man, and through the scattered ranks with a great","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vestigatque","lemma":"uestigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tracks down"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"disiecta","lemma":"disicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"magna","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b12-l483","source":"voce vocat. Quotiens oculos coniecit in hostem","translation":"voice he calls him. As often as he set his eyes on the enemy","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"voce","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"vocat","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"Quotiens","lemma":"quotiens","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"how often"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"coniecit","lemma":"conicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"hostem","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the enemy"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b12-l484","source":"alipedumque fugam cursu temptavit equorum,","translation":"and tried at a run for the flight of the wing-footed horses,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"alipedumque","lemma":"alipes","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wing-footed","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"fugam","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the flight"},{"surface":"cursu","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at a run"},{"surface":"temptavit","lemma":"tempto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tried for"},{"surface":"equorum","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b12-l485","source":"aversos totiens currus Iuturna retorsit.","translation":"so often Juturna wrenched the chariot round and away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aversos","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"totiens","lemma":"totiens","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so often"},{"surface":"currus","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"Iuturna","lemma":"iuturna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juturna"},{"surface":"retorsit","lemma":"retorqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wrenched round"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b12-l486","source":"Heu quid agat? Vario nequiquam fluctuat aestu,","translation":"Ah, what is he to do? He rolls, for nothing, on a shifting tide,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Heu","lemma":"heu","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"agat","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is he to do"},{"surface":"Vario","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shifting"},{"surface":"nequiquam","lemma":"nequiquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for nothing"},{"surface":"fluctuat","lemma":"fluctuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rolls"},{"surface":"aestu","lemma":"aestus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on a tide"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b12-l487","source":"diversaeque vocant animum in contraria curae.","translation":"and cares pulling different ways call his mind two directions at once.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"diversaeque","lemma":"diuersus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pulling different ways"},{"surface":"vocant","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"animum","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"contraria","lemma":"contrarius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"two directions"},{"surface":"curae","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"cares"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b12-l488","source":"Huic Messapus, uti laeva duo forte gerebat","translation":"Against him Messapus, since he happened to carry in his left hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Huic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"against him"},{"surface":"Messapus","lemma":"messapus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Messapus"},{"surface":"uti","lemma":"uti","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"laeva","lemma":"laeuus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"left hand"},{"surface":"duo","lemma":"duo","morphology":"numeral","role":"object","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"fors","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by chance"},{"surface":"gerebat","lemma":"gero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"carried"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b12-l489","source":"lenta levis cursu praefixa hastilia ferro,","translation":"two tough shafts tipped with iron, light on the throw,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"lenta","lemma":"lentus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"tough"},{"surface":"levis","lemma":"leuis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"cursu","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the throw"},{"surface":"praefixa","lemma":"praefigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"tipped"},{"surface":"hastilia","lemma":"hastile","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"spear shaft"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b12-l490","source":"horum unum certo contorquens dirigit ictu.","translation":"whirls one of them and lays it in with a sure stroke.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"horum","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"unum","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"certo","lemma":"certus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"contorquens","lemma":"contorqueo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whirling"},{"surface":"dirigit","lemma":"dirigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lays it in"},{"surface":"ictu","lemma":"ictus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a stroke"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b12-l491","source":"Substitit Aeneas et se collegit in arma,","translation":"Aeneas stopped short and gathered himself behind his arms,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Substitit","lemma":"subsisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"collegit","lemma":"colligo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"his arms"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b12-l492","source":"poplite subsidens; apicem tamen incita summum","translation":"sinking on one knee; still the driven spear carried away","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"poplite","lemma":"poples","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"knee"},{"surface":"subsidens","lemma":"subsido","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sinking"},{"surface":"apicem","lemma":"apex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the peak"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"incita","lemma":"incitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"summum","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the top of"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b12-l493","source":"hasta tulit summasque excussit vertice cristas.","translation":"the top of the helmet's peak and struck the crest from its crown.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"tulit","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"summasque","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the top"},{"surface":"excussit","lemma":"excutio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"crown"},{"surface":"cristas","lemma":"crista","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"crests"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b12-l494","source":"Tum vero adsurgunt irae; insidiisque subactus,","translation":"Then indeed his anger rises up; driven to it by the trickery,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"adsurgunt","lemma":"assurgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rises up"},{"surface":"irae","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"angers"},{"surface":"insidiisque","lemma":"insidiae","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by the trickery","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"subactus","lemma":"subigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b12-l495","source":"diversos ubi sensit equos currumque referri,","translation":"when he felt the horses turned away and the chariot carried off,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"diversos","lemma":"diuersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"turned away"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"sensit","lemma":"sentio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"perceived"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"currumque","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"referri","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"carried off"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b12-l496","source":"multa Iovem et laesi testatus foederis aras","translation":"calling Jupiter again and again to witness, and the altars of the injured treaty,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"again and again"},{"surface":"Iovem","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"laesi","lemma":"laedo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"injured"},{"surface":"testatus","lemma":"testor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"calling to witness"},{"surface":"foederis","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the treaty"},{"surface":"aras","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"altars"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b12-l497","source":"iam tandem invadit medios et Marte secundo","translation":"at long last he goes in among them, and with the war running his way,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tandem","lemma":"tandem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"invadit","lemma":"inuado","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes in"},{"surface":"medios","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Marte","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the war"},{"surface":"secundo","lemma":"secundus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"running his way"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b12-l498","source":"terribilis saevam nullo discrimine caedem","translation":"terrible, he raises a savage killing with no distinction drawn,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terribilis","lemma":"terribilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"saevam","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"nullo","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"discrimine","lemma":"discrimen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"distinction"},{"surface":"caedem","lemma":"caedes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"a killing"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b12-l499","source":"suscitat irarumque omnis effundit habenas.","translation":"and lets go every rein of his angers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"suscitat","lemma":"suscito","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"raises"},{"surface":"irarumque","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"angers"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"effundit","lemma":"effundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lets go"},{"surface":"habenas","lemma":"habena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"rein"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b12-l500","source":"Quis mihi nunc tot acerba deus, quis carmine caedes","translation":"What god will now unfold for me in song so many bitter things,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"acerba","lemma":"acerbus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bitter things"},{"surface":"deus","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"carmine","lemma":"carmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"song"},{"surface":"caedes","lemma":"caedes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the killings"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b12-l501","source":"diversas obitumque ducum, quos aequore toto","translation":"what god the killings scattered everywhere, and the death of captains,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"diversas","lemma":"diuersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"obitumque","lemma":"obitus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the death"},{"surface":"ducum","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of captains"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"aequore","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"over the plain"},{"surface":"toto","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the whole"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b12-l502","source":"inque vicem nunc Turnus agit, nunc Troius heros,","translation":"whom over the whole plain now Turnus drives, now the Trojan hero,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inque","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vicem","lemma":"uicis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"agit","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Troius","lemma":"troius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"heros","lemma":"heros","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b12-l503","source":"expediat? Tanton placuit concurrere motu,","translation":"each in his turn? Did it please you, Jupiter, that nations","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"expediat","lemma":"expedio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sets free"},{"surface":"Tanton","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"placuit","lemma":"placeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did it please"},{"surface":"concurrere","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to crash together"},{"surface":"motu","lemma":"motus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in such a shock"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b12-l504","source":"Iuppiter, aeterna gentis in pace futuras?","translation":"who would be at peace for ever should crash together in such a shock?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"aeterna","lemma":"aeternus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"eternal"},{"surface":"gentis","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"nations"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"pace","lemma":"pax","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"futuras","lemma":"sum","morphology":"participle, future active accusative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"would be"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b12-l505","source":"Aeneas Rutulum Sucronem, ea prima ruentis","translation":"Aeneas takes Sucro the Rutulian, that fight was the first","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Rutulum","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the Rutulian"},{"surface":"Sucronem","lemma":"sucro","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Sucro"},{"surface":"ea","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"the first"},{"surface":"ruentis","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rushing"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b12-l506","source":"pugna loco statuit Teucros, haud multa morantem","translation":"to hold the Teucrians on their ground as they gave way,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pugna","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"position"},{"surface":"statuit","lemma":"statuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"Teucros","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the Teucrians"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"morantem","lemma":"moror","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"delaying"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b12-l507","source":"excipit in latus et, qua fata celerrima, crudum","translation":"in the side, without much delaying, and where the fates come quickest","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l507.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"qua fata celerrima","title":"Fate named as the fastest point","body":"fata, the poem's word for what is decreed, is applied here to the fastest place to kill a man, qua fata celerrima, 'where the fates are quickest'. The phrase treats death as having a set route through the body."}],"words":[{"surface":"excipit","lemma":"excipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"catches"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"latus","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the side"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the fates"},{"surface":"celerrima","lemma":"celer","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter, superlative","role":"predicate","gloss":"quickest"},{"surface":"crudum","lemma":"crudus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raw"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b12-l508","source":"transadigit costas et cratis pectoris ensem.","translation":"he drives the raw sword through the ribs and the cage of the chest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"transadigit","lemma":"transadigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"costas","lemma":"costa","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ribs"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cratis","lemma":"crates","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the cage"},{"surface":"pectoris","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the sword"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b12-l509","source":"Turnus equo deiectum Amycum fratremque Dioren,","translation":"Turnus, on foot, meets Amycus thrown from his horse, and his brother","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"equo","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"deiectum","lemma":"deicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been thrown"},{"surface":"Amycum","lemma":"amycus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Amycus"},{"surface":"fratremque","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"Dioren","lemma":"diores","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Diores"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b12-l510","source":"congressus pedes, hunc venientem cuspide longa,","translation":"Diores: he strikes the one coming at him with a long point,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"congressus","lemma":"congredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"meeting"},{"surface":"pedes","lemma":"pedes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"venientem","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"cuspide","lemma":"cuspis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"longa","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b12-l511","source":"hunc mucrone ferit curruque abscisa duorum","translation":"the other with the blade, and hangs the two heads he has cut off","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"mucrone","lemma":"mucro","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the blade"},{"surface":"ferit","lemma":"ferio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"curruque","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"abscisa","lemma":"abscido","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been hewed"},{"surface":"duorum","lemma":"duo","morphology":"numeral","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the two"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b12-l512","source":"suspendit capita et rorantia sanguine portat.","translation":"on the chariot, and carries them dripping blood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"suspendit","lemma":"suspendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hangs up"},{"surface":"capita","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rorantia","lemma":"roro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"dripping"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"portat","lemma":"porto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b12-l513","source":"Ille Talon Tanaimque neci fortemque Cethegum,","translation":"The other sends Talos and Tanais and brave Cethegus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"Talon","lemma":"talus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Talos"},{"surface":"Tanaimque","lemma":"tanais","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Tanais"},{"surface":"neci","lemma":"nex","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to slaughter"},{"surface":"fortemque","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Cethegum","lemma":"cethegus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Cethegus"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b12-l514","source":"tris uno congressu, et maestum mittit Oniten,","translation":"to slaughter, three in one meeting, and grieving Onites,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tris","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral","role":"object","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"congressu","lemma":"congressus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in one meeting"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"maestum","lemma":"maestus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"mittit","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sends"},{"surface":"Oniten","lemma":"onites","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Onites"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b12-l515","source":"nomen Echionium matrisque genus Peridiae,","translation":"an Echionian name, and his mother's line from Peridia;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"Echionium","lemma":"echionius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Echionian"},{"surface":"matrisque","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"Peridiae","lemma":"peridia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Peridia"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b12-l516","source":"hic fratres Lycia missos et Apollinis agris","translation":"this one the brothers sent from Lycia and Apollo's fields,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"this one"},{"surface":"fratres","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the brothers"},{"surface":"Lycia","lemma":"lycia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from Lycia"},{"surface":"missos","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been sent"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Apollinis","lemma":"apollo","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"agris","lemma":"ager","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b12-l517","source":"et iuvenem exosum nequiquam bella Menoeten,","translation":"and Menoetes, a young man who hated war and got nothing by hating it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"iuvenem","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"exosum","lemma":"exosus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"who hated"},{"surface":"nequiquam","lemma":"nequiquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for nothing"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"Menoeten","lemma":"menoetes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Menoetes"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b12-l518","source":"Arcada, piscosae cui circum flumina Lernae","translation":"an Arcadian; his trade had been around the streams of fish-thick Lerna,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arcada","lemma":"arcas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"an Arcadian"},{"surface":"piscosae","lemma":"piscosus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fish-thick"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"flumina","lemma":"flumen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the streams"},{"surface":"Lernae","lemma":"lerna","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Lerna"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b12-l519","source":"ars fuerat pauperque domus nec nota potentum","translation":"and his house was poor, and the gifts of the powerful unknown to him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ars","lemma":"ars","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"his trade"},{"surface":"fuerat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been"},{"surface":"pauperque","lemma":"pauper","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"nota","lemma":"notus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"potentum","lemma":"potens","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the powerful"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b12-l520","source":"munera conductaque pater tellure serebat.","translation":"and his father sowed on rented ground.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"munera","lemma":"munus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"conductaque","lemma":"conduco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rented"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"tellure","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on ground"},{"surface":"serebat","lemma":"sero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was sowing"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b12-l521","source":"Ac velut immissi diversis partibus ignes","translation":"And as when fires are let loose from different quarters","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"velut","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"immissi","lemma":"immitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"let loose"},{"surface":"diversis","lemma":"diuersus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"partibus","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from quarters"},{"surface":"ignes","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fires"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b12-l522","source":"arentem in silvam et virgulta sonantia lauro,","translation":"into a dry wood and thickets loud with laurel,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arentem","lemma":"areo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"silvam","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"a wood"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"virgulta","lemma":"uirgultum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"thickets"},{"surface":"sonantia","lemma":"sono","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"loud"},{"surface":"lauro","lemma":"laurus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"laurel"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b12-l523","source":"aut ubi decursu rapido de montibus altis","translation":"or where, coming down at a rush from the high mountains,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"decursu","lemma":"decursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at a rush"},{"surface":"rapido","lemma":"rapidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rapid"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"montibus","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"altis","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b12-l524","source":"dant sonitum spumosi amnes et in aequora currunt","translation":"foaming rivers give out their noise and run to the sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dant","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"give out"},{"surface":"sonitum","lemma":"sonitus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"their noise"},{"surface":"spumosi","lemma":"spumosus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"foaming"},{"surface":"amnes","lemma":"amnis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"rivers"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"currunt","lemma":"curro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"run"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b12-l525","source":"quisque suum populatus iter: non segnius ambo","translation":"each having laid waste its own road: no more slowly do both,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quisque","lemma":"quisque","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"suum","lemma":"suus","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"its own"},{"surface":"populatus","lemma":"populor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having laid waste"},{"surface":"iter","lemma":"iter","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"segnius","lemma":"segnis","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more slowly"},{"surface":"ambo","lemma":"ambo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b12-l526","source":"Aeneas Turnusque ruunt per proelia; nunc nunc","translation":"Aeneas and Turnus, rush through the fighting; now, now","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Turnusque","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"ruunt","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rush"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the fighting"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b12-l527","source":"fluctuat ira intus, rumpuntur nescia vinci","translation":"the anger surges inside, and hearts that know nothing of being beaten","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l527.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nescia vinci pectora","title":"An adjective governing an infinitive","body":"nescia, 'not knowing', takes vinci, a passive infinitive, 'to be conquered', as its complement: literally 'hearts not knowing how to be conquered'. An adjective with a dependent infinitive like this is a Greek pattern Vergil brings into Latin."}],"words":[{"surface":"fluctuat","lemma":"fluctuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"surges"},{"surface":"ira","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"intus","lemma":"intus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"rumpuntur","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"burst"},{"surface":"nescia","lemma":"nescius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"knowing nothing"},{"surface":"vinci","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"of being beaten"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b12-l528","source":"pectora, nunc totis in volnera viribus itur.","translation":"burst, and now they go at the wounding with all their strength.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"totis","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all their"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"volnera","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the wounding"},{"surface":"viribus","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with strength"},{"surface":"itur","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"they go"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b12-l529","source":"Murranum hic, atavos et avorum antiqua sonantem","translation":"Murranus, sounding off his forefathers and the ancient names","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Murranum","lemma":"murranus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Murranus"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"atavos","lemma":"atauus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"forefathers"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"avorum","lemma":"auus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"grandfathers"},{"surface":"antiqua","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"sonantem","lemma":"sono","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sounding"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b12-l530","source":"nomina per regesque actum genus omne Latinos,","translation":"of his grandfathers, his whole line run back through Latin kings,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nomina","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"names"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"regesque","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"actum","lemma":"ago","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"run back"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"omne","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Latinos","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Latin"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b12-l531","source":"praecipitem scopulo atque ingentis turbine saxi","translation":"this one he knocks headlong with a crag, with the whirl of an enormous","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praecipitem","lemma":"praeceps","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"headlong"},{"surface":"scopulo","lemma":"scopulus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a crag"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ingentis","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"turbine","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the whirl"},{"surface":"saxi","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of stone"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b12-l532","source":"excutit effunditque solo: hunc lora et iuga subter","translation":"stone, and spills him on the ground: under the reins and the yoke","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"excutit","lemma":"excutio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"knocks"},{"surface":"effunditque","lemma":"effundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"spills"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"lora","lemma":"lorum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the reins"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"iuga","lemma":"iugum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"yokes"},{"surface":"subter","lemma":"subter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b12-l533","source":"provolvere rotae, crebro super ungula pulsu","translation":"the wheels rolled him along, and over him, with beat on beat,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"provolvere","lemma":"prouoluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rolled forward or along"},{"surface":"rotae","lemma":"rota","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"wheels"},{"surface":"crebro","lemma":"creber","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beat on beat"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ungula","lemma":"ungula","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hoof"},{"surface":"pulsu","lemma":"pulsus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with beat"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b12-l534","source":"incita nec domini memorum proculcat equorum.","translation":"the racing hoof of horses that do not remember their master tramples him down.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l534.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"nec domini memorum ... equorum","title":"A negated word, given to horses","body":"memor, 'remembering', is negated here, nec memorum, 'not remembering', and applied to equorum, 'of the horses', not to a person. The same word memor named Juno's anger in the poem's opening lines; here it describes animals that remember nothing."}],"words":[{"surface":"incita","lemma":"incitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"racing"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"domini","lemma":"dominus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of their master"},{"surface":"memorum","lemma":"memor","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mindful"},{"surface":"proculcat","lemma":"proculco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tramples on"},{"surface":"equorum","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b12-l535","source":"Ille ruenti Hyllo animisque immane frementi","translation":"The other meets Hyllus as he charges, roaring monstrously","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"ruenti","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"as he charges"},{"surface":"Hyllo","lemma":"hyllus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Hyllus"},{"surface":"animisque","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his spirit"},{"surface":"immane","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"monstrously"},{"surface":"frementi","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"roaring"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b12-l536","source":"occurrit telumque aurata ad tempora torquet:","translation":"in his spirit, and hurls his weapon at the gilded temples:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"occurrit","lemma":"occurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"meets"},{"surface":"telumque","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"aurata","lemma":"auratus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"gilded"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"tempora","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the temples"},{"surface":"torquet","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurls"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b12-l537","source":"olli per galeam fixo stetit hasta cerebro.","translation":"the spear went through the helmet and stood fixed in his brain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"olli","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"galeam","lemma":"galea","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the helmet"},{"surface":"fixo","lemma":"figo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"stetit","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"cerebro","lemma":"cerebrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"brain"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b12-l538","source":"Dextera nec tua te, Graium fortissime Cretheu","translation":"And your right hand did not tear you from Turnus, Cretheus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dextera","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Graium","lemma":"graius","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Greek"},{"surface":"fortissime","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"bravest"},{"surface":"Cretheu","lemma":"cretheus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Cretheus"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b12-l539","source":"eripuit Turno. Nec di texere Cupencum","translation":"bravest of the Greeks. Nor did his own gods cover Cupencus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"eripuit","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tear"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"texere","lemma":"tego","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"Cupencum","lemma":"cupencus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Cupencus"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b12-l540","source":"Aenea veniente sui: dedit obvia ferro","translation":"when Aeneas came: he gave his chest to the iron in its way,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aenea","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"veniente","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"sui","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"obvia","lemma":"obuius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"in its way"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the iron"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b12-l541","source":"pectora, nec misero clipei mora profuit aerei.","translation":"and the delay of the bronze shield did the poor man no good.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"chests"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"misero","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for the poor man"},{"surface":"clipei","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"mora","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the delay"},{"surface":"profuit","lemma":"prosum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did any good"},{"surface":"aerei","lemma":"aereus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b12-l542","source":"Te quoque Laurentes viderunt, Aeole, campi","translation":"You too, Aeolus, the Laurentine fields saw go down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"quoque","lemma":"quoque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Laurentes","lemma":"laurens","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Laurentine fields"},{"surface":"viderunt","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Aeole","lemma":"aeolus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Aeolus"},{"surface":"campi","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b12-l543","source":"oppetere et late terram consternere tergo.","translation":"to meet death, and cover the ground far and wide with your back.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"oppetere","lemma":"oppeto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"late","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far and wide"},{"surface":"terram","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"consternere","lemma":"consterno","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to cover"},{"surface":"tergo","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with your back"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b12-l544","source":"Occidis, Argivae quem non potuere phalanges","translation":"You fall, you whom the Argive phalanxes could not","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Occidis","lemma":"occido","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you fall"},{"surface":"Argivae","lemma":"argiuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Argive"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"potuere","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"phalanges","lemma":"phalanx","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"phalanxes"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b12-l545","source":"sternere nec Priami regnorum eversor Achilles;","translation":"lay out, nor Achilles, who overthrew Priam's kingdom;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sternere","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to lay low"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Priami","lemma":"priamus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"regnorum","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"kingdoms"},{"surface":"eversor","lemma":"euersor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the overthrower"},{"surface":"Achilles","lemma":"achilles","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b12-l546","source":"hic tibi mortis erant metae: domus alta sub Ida,","translation":"here were the turning posts of your death: a high house under Ida,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l546.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mortis ... metae","title":"Death called a turning post","body":"meta is the post a chariot rounds at the end of a lap. mortis metae, 'the turning posts of death', names the places in the man's life, Ida, Lyrnesus, Laurentum, where the course of it ends."}],"words":[{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"mortis","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"erant","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"metae","lemma":"meta","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"turning posts"},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"a house"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"Ida","lemma":"ida","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Ida"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b12-l547","source":"Lyrnesi domus alta, solo Laurente sepulchrum.","translation":"a high house at Lyrnesus, a grave in Laurentine ground.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lyrnesi","lemma":"lyrnesus","morphology":"noun, locative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"at Lyrnesus"},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"a house"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"Laurente","lemma":"laurens","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Laurentine"},{"surface":"sepulchrum","lemma":"sepulcrum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"a grave"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b12-l548","source":"Totae adeo conversae acies, omnesque Latini,","translation":"So the whole lines are turned on each other, all the Latins,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Totae","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"adeo","lemma":"adeo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"conversae","lemma":"conuerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the lines"},{"surface":"omnesque","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Latini","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Latins"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b12-l549","source":"omnes Dardanidae, Mnestheus acerque Serestus","translation":"all the sons of Dardanus: Mnestheus and keen Serestus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Dardanidae","lemma":"dardanides","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the sons of Dardanus"},{"surface":"Mnestheus","lemma":"mnestheus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Mnestheus"},{"surface":"acerque","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"keen"},{"surface":"Serestus","lemma":"serestus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Serestus"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b12-l550","source":"et Messapus equum domitor et fortis Asilas","translation":"and Messapus, tamer of horses, and brave Asilas","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Messapus","lemma":"messapus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Messapus"},{"surface":"equum","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of horses"},{"surface":"domitor","lemma":"domitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"tamer"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fortis","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Asilas","lemma":"asilas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Asilas"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b12-l551","source":"Tuscorumque phalanx Evandrique Arcades alae,","translation":"and the Tuscan phalanx and Evander's Arcadian squadrons,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tuscorumque","lemma":"tuscus","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of the Tuscans"},{"surface":"phalanx","lemma":"phalanx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the phalanx"},{"surface":"Evandrique","lemma":"euander","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Evander's"},{"surface":"Arcades","lemma":"arcas","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Arcadian"},{"surface":"alae","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"squadrons"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b12-l552","source":"pro se quisque viri summa nituntur opum vi:","translation":"each man for himself strains with the whole force of his powers:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"quisque","lemma":"quisque","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"summa","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"nituntur","lemma":"nitor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"strains"},{"surface":"opum","lemma":"ops","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of his powers"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"force"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b12-l553","source":"nec mora nec requies, vasto certamine tendunt.","translation":"no pause, no rest; they strain in an enormous contest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mora","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"pause"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"requies","lemma":"requies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"vasto","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"certamine","lemma":"certamen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"contest"},{"surface":"tendunt","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"they strain"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b12-l554","source":"Hic mentem Aeneae genetrix pulcherrima misit,","translation":"Here his most beautiful mother put a thought into Aeneas' mind:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"mentem","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"a thought"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Aeneas'"},{"surface":"genetrix","lemma":"genetrix","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"pulcherrima","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"most beautiful"},{"surface":"misit","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b12-l555","source":"iret ut ad muros urbique adverteret agmen","translation":"that he should go to the walls and turn his column on the city","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iret","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"should go"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"urbique","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"adverteret","lemma":"aduerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"turned toward"},{"surface":"agmen","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"column of troops"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b12-l556","source":"ocius et subita turbaret clade Latinos.","translation":"quickly, and throw the Latins into panic with a sudden blow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ocius","lemma":"ocius","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"subita","lemma":"subitus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sudden"},{"surface":"turbaret","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"should throw into panic"},{"surface":"clade","lemma":"clades","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a blow"},{"surface":"Latinos","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the Latins"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b12-l557","source":"Ille ut vestigans diversa per agmina Turnum","translation":"As he, tracking Turnus through the scattered ranks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"vestigans","lemma":"uestigo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tracking down"},{"surface":"diversa","lemma":"diuersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b12-l558","source":"huc atque huc acies circumtulit, aspicit urbem","translation":"carried his eyes this way and that, he catches sight of the city","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"his eyes"},{"surface":"circumtulit","lemma":"circumfero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"aspicit","lemma":"aspicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"catches sight of"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b12-l559","source":"immunem tanti belli atque impune quietam.","translation":"untouched by so great a war, and quiet, and unpunished.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l559.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"immunem ... impune","title":"Two words for owing nothing","body":"immunis names someone exempt from a duty they owe, and impune means getting away with something unpunished. Placed together, immunem ... impune says the city has taken no part in the war and paid no price for it yet."}],"words":[{"surface":"immunem","lemma":"immunis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"untouched"},{"surface":"tanti","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"impune","lemma":"impune","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"unpunished"},{"surface":"quietam","lemma":"quietus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quiet"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b12-l560","source":"Continuo pugnae adcendit maioris imago:","translation":"At once the picture of a greater battle takes fire in him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Continuo","lemma":"continuo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"adcendit","lemma":"accendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes fire"},{"surface":"maioris","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"imago","lemma":"imago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the picture"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b12-l561","source":"Mnesthea Sergestumque vocat fortemque Serestum","translation":"he calls Mnestheus and Sergestus and brave Serestus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mnesthea","lemma":"mnestheus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Mnestheus"},{"surface":"Sergestumque","lemma":"sergestus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Sergestus"},{"surface":"vocat","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"fortemque","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Serestum","lemma":"serestus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Serestus"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b12-l562","source":"ductores tumulumque capit, quo cetera Teucrum","translation":"his captains, and takes a rise of ground, where the rest of the Teucrian","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ductores","lemma":"ductor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"his captains"},{"surface":"tumulumque","lemma":"tumulus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"a rise of ground"},{"surface":"capit","lemma":"capio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"cetera","lemma":"ceterus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"Teucrum","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Teucrian"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b12-l563","source":"concurrit legio nec scuta aut spicula densi","translation":"levy runs together and, packed close, does not lay down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"concurrit","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs together"},{"surface":"legio","lemma":"legio","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"levy"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"scuta","lemma":"scutum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"spicula","lemma":"spiculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"densi","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"packed close"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b12-l564","source":"deponunt. Celso medius stans aggere fatur:","translation":"shield or spear. Standing among them on the high mound he speaks:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"deponunt","lemma":"depono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"Celso","lemma":"celsus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"medius","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"stans","lemma":"sto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"aggere","lemma":"agger","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the mound"},{"surface":"fatur","lemma":"for","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b12-l565","source":"“Nequa meis esto dictis mora; Iuppiter hac stat,","translation":"“Let there be no delay to my words. Jupiter stands on this side.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l565.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Iuppiter hac stat","title":"A god placed in the line","body":"Iuppiter hac stat, 'Jupiter stands on this side', places the god physically in the battle line, on one wing rather than the other. It is the shortest sentence Aeneas speaks in this book, and he gives it as his reason for attacking."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nequa","lemma":"ne","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"let there be no"},{"surface":"meis","lemma":"meus","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"let there be"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to my words"},{"surface":"mora","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"hac","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on this side"},{"surface":"stat","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b12-l566","source":"neu quis ob inceptum subitum mihi segnior ito.","translation":"And let nobody go slower for me because the plan is sudden.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"neu","lemma":"neu","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and let not"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ob","lemma":"ob","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"inceptum","lemma":"inceptum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the plan"},{"surface":"subitum","lemma":"subitus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sudden"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"segnior","lemma":"segnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"slower"},{"surface":"ito","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"let go"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b12-l567","source":"Urbem hodie, causam belli, regna ipsa Latini,","translation":"Today the city, the cause of the war, the very kingdom of Latinus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"hodie","lemma":"hodie","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"causam","lemma":"causa","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the cause"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"regna","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"the kingdom"},{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"Latini","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Latinus"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b12-l568","source":"ni frenum accipere et victi parere fatentur,","translation":"unless they admit they will take the bit and obey as beaten men,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l568.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"frenum accipere","title":"An idiom drawn from horse-breaking","body":"frenum accipere, 'to accept the bit', is the standard Latin idiom for surrendering, drawn from breaking a horse to the rein. Aeneas demands that Latium accipere frenum, accept this subjection, or continue fighting."}],"words":[{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"frenum","lemma":"frenum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the bit"},{"surface":"accipere","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"victi","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"beaten men"},{"surface":"parere","lemma":"pareo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to obey"},{"surface":"fatentur","lemma":"fateor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"admit"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b12-l569","source":"eruam et aequa solo fumantia culmina ponam.","translation":"I will tear up, and lay its smoking roofs level with the ground.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l569.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"eruam","lemma":"eruo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tear up"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aequa","lemma":"aequus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"fumantia","lemma":"fumo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"smoking"},{"surface":"culmina","lemma":"culmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"roofs"},{"surface":"ponam","lemma":"pono","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will lay"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b12-l570","source":"Scilicet exspectem, libeat dum proelia Turno","translation":"Am I to wait, of course, until it suits Turnus to take","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Scilicet","lemma":"scilicet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"exspectem","lemma":"exspecto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"libeat","lemma":"libet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"suits"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b12-l571","source":"nostra pati rursusque velit concurrere victus?","translation":"our fighting, and he chooses, beaten, to close with me again?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nostra","lemma":"noster","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"pati","lemma":"patior","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to endure"},{"surface":"rursusque","lemma":"rursus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"velit","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"chooses"},{"surface":"concurrere","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to close"},{"surface":"victus","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beaten"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b12-l572","source":"Hoc caput, O cives, haec belli summa nefandi:","translation":"This is the head of it, citizens, this the whole sum of an unspeakable war:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"the head"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"cives","lemma":"ciuis","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"citizens"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"belli","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of a war"},{"surface":"summa","lemma":"summa","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"the whole sum"},{"surface":"nefandi","lemma":"nefandus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unspeakable"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b12-l573","source":"ferte faces propere foedusque reposcite flammis.”","translation":"bring torches quickly, and demand the treaty back with fire.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l573.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"foedus reposcite flammis","title":"Legal language used for arson","body":"reposcere is what a creditor uses for demanding back what is owed, and foedus is a legal treaty. Aeneas orders foedus reposcite flammis, 'demand the treaty back with fire', pairing the legal verb with fire as the means of collecting it."}],"words":[{"surface":"ferte","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"faces","lemma":"fax","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"torches"},{"surface":"propere","lemma":"propere","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"foedusque","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"treaty"},{"surface":"reposcite","lemma":"reposco","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"demand back"},{"surface":"flammis","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with fire"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b12-l574","source":"Dixerat, atque animis pariter certantibus omnes","translation":"He had spoken; and all of them, their spirits striving alike,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dixerat","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had spoken"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"animis","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in spirit"},{"surface":"pariter","lemma":"pariter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"certantibus","lemma":"certo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"striving"},{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"all of them"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b12-l575","source":"dant cuneum densaque ad muros mole feruntur.","translation":"form a wedge and are carried in a thick mass to the walls.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dant","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"cuneum","lemma":"cuneus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"wedge"},{"surface":"densaque","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"mole","lemma":"moles","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"large mass"},{"surface":"feruntur","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are carried"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b12-l576","source":"Scalae improviso subitusque apparuit ignis.","translation":"Ladders appeared without warning, and sudden fire.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Scalae","lemma":"scala","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"ladder"},{"surface":"improviso","lemma":"improuisus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"without warning"},{"surface":"subitusque","lemma":"subitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sudden"},{"surface":"apparuit","lemma":"appareo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ignis","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b12-l577","source":"Discurrunt alii ad portas primosque trucidant,","translation":"Some run to the gates and butcher the first men there,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Discurrunt","lemma":"discurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"run off in different directions"},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"portas","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the gates"},{"surface":"primosque","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"trucidant","lemma":"trucido","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"butcher"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b12-l578","source":"ferrum alii torquent et obumbrant aethera telis.","translation":"others hurl iron and shadow the sky over with spears.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ferrum","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"torquent","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurl"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"obumbrant","lemma":"obumbro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shadow"},{"surface":"aethera","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the sky"},{"surface":"telis","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with spears"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b12-l579","source":"Ipse inter primos dextram sub moenia tendit","translation":"Aeneas himself, among the first, stretches his right hand out beneath the walls","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"primos","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"dextram","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"his right hand"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"tendit","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretches"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b12-l580","source":"Aeneas magnaque incusat voce Latinum","translation":"and arraigns Latinus in a great voice,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"magnaque","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"incusat","lemma":"incuso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"arraigns"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"Latinum","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Latinus"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b12-l581","source":"testaturque deos, iterum se ad proelia cogi,","translation":"and calls the gods to witness that he is forced into the fighting again,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"testaturque","lemma":"testor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls to witness"},{"surface":"deos","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"iterum","lemma":"iterum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the fighting"},{"surface":"cogi","lemma":"cogo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be forced"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b12-l582","source":"bis iam Italos hostis, haec altera foedera rumpi.","translation":"that the Italians are twice now his enemies, that this is a second treaty broken.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"twice"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Italos","lemma":"italus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Italian"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"enemies"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"altera","lemma":"alter","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"treaty"},{"surface":"rumpi","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be broken"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b12-l583","source":"Exoritur trepidos inter discordia civis:","translation":"Discord rises among the frightened citizens:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Exoritur","lemma":"exorior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"arises"},{"surface":"trepidos","lemma":"trepidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"frightened"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"discordia","lemma":"discordia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"discord"},{"surface":"civis","lemma":"ciuis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fellow citizen"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b12-l584","source":"urbem alii reserare iubent et pandere portas","translation":"some order the city unbarred and the gates thrown wide","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"reserare","lemma":"resero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"unbarred"},{"surface":"iubent","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pandere","lemma":"pando","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"thrown wide"},{"surface":"portas","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"gates"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b12-l585","source":"Dardanidis ipsumque trahunt in moenia regem,","translation":"to the sons of Dardanus, and they drag the king himself to the walls;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardanidis","lemma":"dardanides","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the sons of Dardanus"},{"surface":"ipsumque","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"trahunt","lemma":"traho","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drag"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"regem","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b12-l586","source":"arma ferunt alii et pergunt defendere muros.","translation":"others bring arms and go on defending the ramparts.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"ferunt","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pergunt","lemma":"pergo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"go on"},{"surface":"defendere","lemma":"defendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the ramparts"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b12-l587","source":"Inclusas ut cum latebroso in pumice pastor","translation":"As when a shepherd has tracked down bees shut away","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inclusas","lemma":"includo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shut away"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"latebroso","lemma":"latebrosus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"honeycombed"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"pumice","lemma":"pumex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"a rock"},{"surface":"pastor","lemma":"pastor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"a shepherd"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b12-l588","source":"vestigavit apes fumoque implevit amaro:","translation":"in a honeycombed rock, and filled it with bitter smoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vestigavit","lemma":"uestigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"tracked down"},{"surface":"apes","lemma":"apis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"bees"},{"surface":"fumoque","lemma":"fumus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with smoke"},{"surface":"implevit","lemma":"impleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"filled up"},{"surface":"amaro","lemma":"amarus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b12-l589","source":"illae intus trepidae rerum per cerea castra","translation":"inside, in a panic about their affairs, they run about","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"illae","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"intus","lemma":"intus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"trepidae","lemma":"trepidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"in a panic"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"about their affairs"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"cerea","lemma":"cereus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"waxen"},{"surface":"castra","lemma":"castra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"camp"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b12-l590","source":"discurrunt magnisque acuunt stridoribus iras;","translation":"through their waxen camp and sharpen their angers with loud shrilling;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"discurrunt","lemma":"discurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"run off in different directions"},{"surface":"magnisque","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"loud"},{"surface":"acuunt","lemma":"acuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sharpen"},{"surface":"stridoribus","lemma":"stridor","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with shrilling"},{"surface":"iras","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"angers"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b12-l591","source":"volvitur ater odor tectis, tum murmure caeco","translation":"a black smell rolls through their house; then with a blind humming","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"volvitur","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"rolls"},{"surface":"ater","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"odor","lemma":"odor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"a smell"},{"surface":"tectis","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"through their house"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"murmure","lemma":"murmur","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a humming"},{"surface":"caeco","lemma":"caecus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"blind"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b12-l592","source":"intus saxa sonant, vacuas it fumus ad auras.","translation":"the stone sounds within, and the smoke goes out into the empty air.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l592.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"intus","lemma":"intus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"saxa","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the stone"},{"surface":"sonant","lemma":"sono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sounds"},{"surface":"vacuas","lemma":"uacuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"it","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"fumus","lemma":"fumus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the smoke"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b12-l593","source":"Accidit haec fessis etiam fortuna Latinis,","translation":"This piece of fortune came to the exhausted Latins as well,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Accidit","lemma":"accido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"fessis","lemma":"fessus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the exhausted"},{"surface":"etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as well"},{"surface":"fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"Latinis","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Latins"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b12-l594","source":"quae totam luctu concussit funditus urbem.","translation":"and it shook the whole city to the roots with grief.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"and it"},{"surface":"totam","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"luctu","lemma":"luctus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with grief"},{"surface":"concussit","lemma":"concutio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shook violently"},{"surface":"funditus","lemma":"funditus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"to the roots"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b12-l595","source":"Regina ut tectis venientem prospicit hostem,","translation":"When the queen from the palace looks out and sees the enemy coming,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"tectis","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the palace"},{"surface":"venientem","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"prospicit","lemma":"prospicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"looks out and sees"},{"surface":"hostem","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"enemy"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b12-l596","source":"incessi muros, ignis ad tecta volare,","translation":"the walls attacked, fire flying at the roofs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incessi","lemma":"incesso","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be attacked"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"ignis","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"tecta","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the roofs"},{"surface":"volare","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to fly"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b12-l597","source":"nusquam acies contra Rutulas, nulla agmina Turni:","translation":"no Rutulian line anywhere against them, no columns of Turnus:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nusquam","lemma":"nusquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"nowhere"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"battle line"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"Rutulas","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Rutulian"},{"surface":"nulla","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b12-l598","source":"infelix pugnae iuvenem in certamine credit","translation":"the unlucky woman believes the young man has been killed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the fighting"},{"surface":"iuvenem","lemma":"iuuenis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"certamine","lemma":"certamen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the battle"},{"surface":"credit","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"believes"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b12-l599","source":"exstinctum et, subito mentem turbata dolore,","translation":"in the fighting, and, her mind thrown into confusion by a sudden","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exstinctum","lemma":"exstinguo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"subito","lemma":"subitus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sudden"},{"surface":"mentem","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"turbata","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thrown into confusion"},{"surface":"dolore","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b12-l600","source":"se causam clamat crimenque caputque malorum,","translation":"grief, cries out that she is the cause, the guilt, the head of the evils,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l600.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"causam ... crimenque caputque","title":"Three nouns without a conjunction","body":"causam, crimen, and caput, 'cause', 'charge', and 'head', are listed one after another with no conjunction joining them until the last pair. Amata names herself with all three nouns, indicting herself in a single list."}],"words":[{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"causam","lemma":"causa","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"cause"},{"surface":"clamat","lemma":"clamo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cries out"},{"surface":"crimenque","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"guilt"},{"surface":"caputque","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"malorum","lemma":"malum","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the evils"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b12-l601","source":"multaque per maestum demens effata furorem","translation":"and saying much, out of her wits, in a grieving madness,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multaque","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"maestum","lemma":"maestus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"demens","lemma":"demens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"out of her wits"},{"surface":"effata","lemma":"effor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having said"},{"surface":"furorem","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"madness"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b12-l602","source":"purpureos moritura manu discindit amictus","translation":"she tears her purple robes apart with her hand, about to die,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l602.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"moritura","title":"The same participle returning","body":"moritura, 'about to die', is the same future participle attached to Amata at line 55, now returning at the act it named. The word had already stated the outcome hundreds of lines before this moment."}],"words":[{"surface":"purpureos","lemma":"purpureus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"moritura","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, future active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"about to die"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"discindit","lemma":"discindo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tears apart"},{"surface":"amictus","lemma":"amictus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"robes"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b12-l603","source":"et nodum informis leti trabe nectit ab alta.","translation":"and knots a noose of shapeless death from a high beam.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l603.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nodum","lemma":"nodus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"a noose"},{"surface":"informis","lemma":"informis","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"shapeless"},{"surface":"leti","lemma":"letum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"trabe","lemma":"trabs","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"beam"},{"surface":"nectit","lemma":"necto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"knots"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b12-l604","source":"Quam cladem miserae postquam accepere Latinae,","translation":"After the wretched Latin women had taken in this disaster,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"cladem","lemma":"clades","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"disaster"},{"surface":"miserae","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"accepere","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had taken in"},{"surface":"Latinae","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Latin women"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b12-l605","source":"filia prima manu flavos Lavinia crinis","translation":"her daughter Lavinia first, tearing her yellow hair with her hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"filia","lemma":"filia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"her daughter"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"flavos","lemma":"flauus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"Lavinia","lemma":"lauinia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Lavinia"},{"surface":"crinis","lemma":"crinis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hairs"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b12-l606","source":"et roseas laniata genas, tum cetera circum","translation":"and her rose-colored cheeks, then the rest of the crowd","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l606.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"roseas","lemma":"roseus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rose-colored"},{"surface":"laniata","lemma":"lanio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tearing"},{"surface":"genas","lemma":"gena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"cetera","lemma":"ceterus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"around her"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b12-l607","source":"turba furit: resonant late plangoribus aedes.","translation":"around her rages: the house rings far with the beating of breasts.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l607.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"turba","lemma":"turba","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"crowd"},{"surface":"furit","lemma":"furo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"resonant","lemma":"resono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rings"},{"surface":"late","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"plangoribus","lemma":"plangor","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the beating of breasts"},{"surface":"aedes","lemma":"aedes","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b12-l608","source":"Hinc totam infelix volgatur fama per urbem.","translation":"From here the unlucky news is spread through the whole city.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"totam","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"volgatur","lemma":"uulgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is spread"},{"surface":"fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"rumor"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b12-l609","source":"Demittunt mentes; it scissa veste Latinus,","translation":"Their spirits go down; Latinus walks with his clothing torn,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Demittunt","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"go down"},{"surface":"mentes","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"their spirits"},{"surface":"it","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"walks"},{"surface":"scissa","lemma":"scindo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"torn"},{"surface":"veste","lemma":"uestis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his clothing"},{"surface":"Latinus","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Latinus"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b12-l610","source":"coniugis attonitus fatis urbisque ruina,","translation":"thunderstruck at his wife's fate and the ruin of his city,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"coniugis","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"attonitus","lemma":"attonitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"thunderstruck"},{"surface":"fatis","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"urbisque","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ruina","lemma":"ruina","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at the ruin"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b12-l611","source":"canitiem immundo perfusam pulvere turpans.","translation":"fouling his white hair, poured over with filthy dust.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l611.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"canitiem","lemma":"canities","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"white hair"},{"surface":"immundo","lemma":"immundus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"filthy"},{"surface":"perfusam","lemma":"perfundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been poured over"},{"surface":"pulvere","lemma":"puluis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with dust"},{"surface":"turpans","lemma":"turpo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fouling"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b12-l612","source":"Multaque se incusat, qui non acceperit ante","translation":"And he accuses himself much, for not having received","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l612.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Multaque","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"incusat","lemma":"incuso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"accuses"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"since he"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"acceperit","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"earlier"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b12-l613","source":"Dardanium Aenean generumque adsciverit ultro.","translation":"Dardanian Aeneas earlier, and taken him for a son-in-law of his own accord.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l613.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardanium","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardanian"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"generumque","lemma":"gener","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"as a son-in-law"},{"surface":"adsciverit","lemma":"ascisco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had taken"},{"surface":"ultro","lemma":"ultro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"of his own accord"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b12-l614","source":"Interea extremo bellator in aequore Turnus","translation":"Meanwhile Turnus the fighter, at the far edge of the plain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l614.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"extremo","lemma":"extremus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the far edge of"},{"surface":"bellator","lemma":"bellator","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the fighter"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"aequore","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b12-l615","source":"palantis sequitur paucos iam segnior atque","translation":"chases a few stragglers, slower now, and now","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"palantis","lemma":"palor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"stragglers"},{"surface":"sequitur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"chases"},{"surface":"paucos","lemma":"paucus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"segnior","lemma":"segnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"slower"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b12-l616","source":"iam minus atque minus successu laetus equorum","translation":"less and less glad of what his horses are doing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l616.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"minus","lemma":"minus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"minus","lemma":"minus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"successu","lemma":"successus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"of the success"},{"surface":"laetus","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"equorum","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b12-l617","source":"attulit hunc illi caecis terroribus aura","translation":"The air brought him this shouting, mixed with blind","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l617.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"attulit","lemma":"affero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"caecis","lemma":"caecus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"blind"},{"surface":"terroribus","lemma":"terror","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with terrors"},{"surface":"aura","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the air"}]},{"number":618,"label":"618","id":"b12-l618","source":"commixtum clamorem adrectasque impulit aures","translation":"terrors, and struck his pricked-up ears:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l618.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"commixtum","lemma":"commisceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having mingled together"},{"surface":"clamorem","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"adrectasque","lemma":"arrigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pricked up"},{"surface":"impulit","lemma":"impello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"aures","lemma":"auris","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ears"}]},{"number":619,"label":"619","id":"b12-l619","source":"confusae sonus urbis et inlaetabile murmur.","translation":"the sound of a city in confusion, and a joyless muttering.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l619.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"inlaetabile murmur","title":"A rare word for joyless","body":"inlaetabilis negates laetus, 'glad', and means more than sad: incapable of gladness. inlaetabile murmur, 'a joyless murmur', is the sound Turnus hears of the city's grief, before he yet knows the cause of it."}],"words":[{"surface":"confusae","lemma":"confundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in confusion"},{"surface":"sonus","lemma":"sonus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the sound"},{"surface":"urbis","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inlaetabile","lemma":"illaetabilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"joyless"},{"surface":"murmur","lemma":"murmur","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"murmur"}]},{"number":620,"label":"620","id":"b12-l620","source":"“Ei mihi! Quid tanto turbantur moenia luctu?","translation":"“Ah, me! Why are the walls shaken with such grief?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l620.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ei","lemma":"ei","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"turbantur","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are shaken"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"luctu","lemma":"luctus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with grief"}]},{"number":621,"label":"621","id":"b12-l621","source":"Quisve ruit tantus diversa clamor ab urbe?”","translation":"What is this great shouting that comes rushing from the far side of the city?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l621.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quisve","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ruit","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushes"},{"surface":"tantus","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"diversa","lemma":"diuersus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"clamor","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"urbe","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the city"}]},{"number":622,"label":"622","id":"b12-l622","source":"Sic ait adductisque amens subsistit habenis.","translation":"So he says, and pulls in the reins and halts, out of his mind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l622.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"amens","title":"A word for a stalled mind","body":"amens is built from a-, 'without', and mens, 'mind': literally 'mindless'. Vergil applies this same word to Turnus here and at two later points in the book, each time he loses the ability to reason."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"adductisque","lemma":"adduco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pulled in"},{"surface":"amens","lemma":"amens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"out of his mind"},{"surface":"subsistit","lemma":"subsisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"halts"},{"surface":"habenis","lemma":"habena","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the reins"}]},{"number":623,"label":"623","id":"b12-l623","source":"Atque huic, in faciem soror ut conversa Metisci","translation":"And his sister, turned into the face of the driver","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l623.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"huic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"faciem","lemma":"facies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the face"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"conversa","lemma":"conuerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having turned around"},{"surface":"Metisci","lemma":"metiscus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Metiscus"}]},{"number":624,"label":"624","id":"b12-l624","source":"aurigae currumque et equos et lora regebat,","translation":"Metiscus, steering chariot and horses and reins,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l624.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aurigae","lemma":"auriga","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"the driver's"},{"surface":"currumque","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lora","lemma":"lorum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"reins"},{"surface":"regebat","lemma":"rego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was steering"}]},{"number":625,"label":"625","id":"b12-l625","source":"talibus occurrit dictis: “Hac, Turne, sequamur","translation":"met him with words like these: “This way, Turnus, let us chase","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l625.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"occurrit","lemma":"occurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"met him"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"Hac","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"Turne","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"sequamur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present subjunctive deponent","role":"command","gloss":"let us chase"}]},{"number":626,"label":"626","id":"b12-l626","source":"Troiugenas, qua prima viam victoria pandit;","translation":"the Trojan-born, where victory first opens a road;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l626.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Troiugenas","lemma":"troiugena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the Trojan-born"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"victoria","lemma":"uictoria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"victory"},{"surface":"pandit","lemma":"pando","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"spreads open"}]},{"number":627,"label":"627","id":"b12-l627","source":"sunt alii, qui tecta manu defendere possint.","translation":"there are others who can defend the houses with their hands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l627.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tecta","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the houses"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"defendere","lemma":"defendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to defend"},{"surface":"possint","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"can"}]},{"number":628,"label":"628","id":"b12-l628","source":"Ingruit Aeneas Italis et proelia miscet:","translation":"Aeneas is falling on the Italians and stirring up fights:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l628.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ingruit","lemma":"ingruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is falling on"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Italis","lemma":"italus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the Italians"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fights"},{"surface":"miscet","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirring up"}]},{"number":629,"label":"629","id":"b12-l629","source":"et nos saeva manu mittamus funera Teucris.","translation":"let us too send savage deaths to the Teucrians with our hand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l629.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"saeva","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"mittamus","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"funera","lemma":"funus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"deaths"},{"surface":"Teucris","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the Teucrians"}]},{"number":630,"label":"630","id":"b12-l630","source":"Nec numero inferior pugnae nec honore recedes.”","translation":"You will come away no lower in the reckoning of the fight, nor in honor.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l630.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"numero","lemma":"numerus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the reckoning"},{"surface":"inferior","lemma":"inferus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"lower"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the fight"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"honore","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"recedes","lemma":"recedo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come away"}]},{"number":631,"label":"631","id":"b12-l631","source":"Turnus ad haec:","translation":"Turnus to this:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l631.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":632,"label":"632","id":"b12-l632","source":"“O soror, et dudum adgnovi, cum prima per artem","translation":"“Sister, I knew you long ago, when you first by your craft","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l632.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dudum","lemma":"dudum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"little while ago"},{"surface":"adgnovi","lemma":"agnosco","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I knew you"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"artem","lemma":"ars","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"your craft"}]},{"number":633,"label":"633","id":"b12-l633","source":"foedera turbasti teque haec in bella dedisti,","translation":"wrecked the treaty and gave yourself into this war,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l633.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the treaty"},{"surface":"turbasti","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"disturbed"},{"surface":"teque","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"dedisti","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":634,"label":"634","id":"b12-l634","source":"et nunc nequiquam fallis dea. Sed quis Olympo","translation":"and now, goddess, you deceive me for nothing. But who has willed you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l634.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"nequiquam","lemma":"nequiquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for nothing"},{"surface":"fallis","lemma":"fallo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"deceive"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"Sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Olympo","lemma":"olympus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":635,"label":"635","id":"b12-l635","source":"demissam tantos voluit te ferre labores?","translation":"sent down from Olympus, to carry such labors?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l635.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"demissam","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sent down"},{"surface":"tantos","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"voluit","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has willed"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ferre","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to carry"},{"surface":"labores","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"labors"}]},{"number":636,"label":"636","id":"b12-l636","source":"An fratris miseri letum ut crudele videres?","translation":"So that you could watch a poor brother's cruel death?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l636.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"An","lemma":"an","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"fratris","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"miseri","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"letum","lemma":"letum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"crudele","lemma":"crudelis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"videres","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you could watch"}]},{"number":637,"label":"637","id":"b12-l637","source":"Nam quid ago? Aut quae iam spondet Fortuna salutem?","translation":"For what am I doing? What Fortune stands surety for safety now?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l637.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ago","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"am I doing"},{"surface":"Aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"spondet","lemma":"spondeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands surety for"},{"surface":"Fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"salutem","lemma":"salus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"safety"}]},{"number":638,"label":"638","id":"b12-l638","source":"Vidi oculos ante ipse meos me voce vocantem","translation":"I saw with my own eyes before me Murranus calling me","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l638.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vidi","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with my eyes"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"meos","lemma":"meus","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by name"},{"surface":"vocantem","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"calling"}]},{"number":639,"label":"639","id":"b12-l639","source":"Murranum, quo non superat mihi carior alter,","translation":"by name, no other man is left dearer to me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l639.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Murranum","lemma":"murranus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Murranus"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"than whom"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"superat","lemma":"supersum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is left"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"carior","lemma":"carus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"dearer"},{"surface":"alter","lemma":"alter","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"other man"}]},{"number":640,"label":"640","id":"b12-l640","source":"oppetere ingentem atque ingenti volnere victum.","translation":"go down, a huge man, beaten by a huge wound.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l640.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"oppetere","lemma":"oppeto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"go down"},{"surface":"ingentem","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ingenti","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"volnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"victum","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beaten"}]},{"number":641,"label":"641","id":"b12-l641","source":"Occidit infelix nostrum ne dedecus Ufens","translation":"Unlucky Ufens fell so that he should not look at our disgrace;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l641.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Occidit","lemma":"occido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"nostrum","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so that not"},{"surface":"dedecus","lemma":"dedecus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"disgrace"},{"surface":"Ufens","lemma":"ufens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ufens"}]},{"number":642,"label":"642","id":"b12-l642","source":"adspiceret; Teucri potiuntur corpore et armis.","translation":"the Teucrians have taken his body and his arms.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l642.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adspiceret","lemma":"aspicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"should look at"},{"surface":"Teucri","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Teucrians"},{"surface":"potiuntur","lemma":"potior","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"have taken"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"his arms"}]},{"number":643,"label":"643","id":"b12-l643","source":"Exscindine domos (id rebus defuit unum)","translation":"Shall I bear it that our houses be cut down (the one thing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l643.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Exscindine","lemma":"exscindo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be demolished","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"domos","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"our houses"},{"surface":"id","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"rebus","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to our affairs"},{"surface":"defuit","lemma":"desum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was lacking"},{"surface":"unum","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"the one thing"}]},{"number":644,"label":"644","id":"b12-l644","source":"perpetiar, dextra nec Drancis dicta refellam?","translation":"still wanting) and not refute Drances' words with my right hand?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l644.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"perpetiar","lemma":"perpetior","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I endure"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with my right hand"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"Drancis","lemma":"drances","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Drances'"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"refellam","lemma":"refello","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will refute"}]},{"number":645,"label":"645","id":"b12-l645","source":"Terga dabo et Turnum fugientem haec terra videbit?","translation":"Shall I give them my back, and this land see Turnus running?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l645.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Terga","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"my back"},{"surface":"dabo","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"fugientem","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"videbit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will see"}]},{"number":646,"label":"646","id":"b12-l646","source":"Usque adeone mori miserum est? Vos O mihi Manes","translation":"Is it so wretched a thing, after all, to die? You Shades, be","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l646.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usque","lemma":"usque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"all the way"},{"surface":"adeone","lemma":"adeo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mori","lemma":"morior","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"miserum","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, vocative plural","role":"address","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Manes","lemma":"manes","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Shades"}]},{"number":647,"label":"647","id":"b12-l647","source":"este boni, quoniam superis aversa voluntas!","translation":"good to me, since the will of the gods above is turned away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l647.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"este","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"boni","lemma":"bonus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"quoniam","lemma":"quoniam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"superis","lemma":"superus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the gods above"},{"surface":"aversa","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"turned away"},{"surface":"voluntas","lemma":"uoluntas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the will"}]},{"number":648,"label":"648","id":"b12-l648","source":"Sancta ad vos anima atque istius nescia culpae","translation":"I shall come down to you a clean spirit, one that knows nothing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l648.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sancta","lemma":"sanctus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"clean"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"anima","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"istius","lemma":"iste","morphology":"pronoun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of that"},{"surface":"nescia","lemma":"nescius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"knowing nothing"},{"surface":"culpae","lemma":"culpa","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of guilt"}]},{"number":649,"label":"649","id":"b12-l649","source":"descendam, magnorum haud umquam indignus avorum.”","translation":"of that guilt, and never unworthy of my great forefathers.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l649.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"descendam","lemma":"descendo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I shall come down"},{"surface":"magnorum","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"umquam","lemma":"umquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"indignus","lemma":"indignus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"unworthy"},{"surface":"avorum","lemma":"auus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of my forefathers"}]},{"number":650,"label":"650","id":"b12-l650","source":"Vix ea fatus erat: medios volat ecce per hostis","translation":"He had barely spoken: look, through the middle of the enemy","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l650.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vix","lemma":"uix","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"ea","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fatus","lemma":"for","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"medios","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle of"},{"surface":"volat","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"ecce","lemma":"ecce","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the enemy"}]},{"number":651,"label":"651","id":"b12-l651","source":"vectus equo spumante Saces, adversa sagitta","translation":"Saces comes flying on a foaming horse, wounded in the face","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l651.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vectus","lemma":"ueho","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"equo","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"spumante","lemma":"spumo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"foaming"},{"surface":"Saces","lemma":"saces","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Saces"},{"surface":"adversa","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"head-on"},{"surface":"sagitta","lemma":"sagitta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":652,"label":"652","id":"b12-l652","source":"saucius ora, ruitque implorans nomine Turnum:","translation":"by an arrow head-on, and rushes up begging Turnus by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l652.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"saucius","lemma":"saucius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"ruitque","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushes"},{"surface":"implorans","lemma":"imploro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"begging"},{"surface":"nomine","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":653,"label":"653","id":"b12-l653","source":"“Turne, in te suprema salus: miserere tuorum.","translation":"“Turnus, in you is the last safety: pity your own people.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l653.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Turne","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"suprema","lemma":"supremus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"salus","lemma":"salus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"safety"},{"surface":"miserere","lemma":"misereor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"tuorum","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"your own people"}]},{"number":654,"label":"654","id":"b12-l654","source":"Fulminat Aeneas armis summasque minatur","translation":"Aeneas is lightning in his arms, and threatens to throw down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l654.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fulminat","lemma":"fulmino","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is lightning"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his arms"},{"surface":"summasque","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the highest"},{"surface":"minatur","lemma":"minor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"threatens"}]},{"number":655,"label":"655","id":"b12-l655","source":"deiecturum arces Italum exscidioque daturum;","translation":"the highest citadels of the Italians and give them over to destruction;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l655.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"deiecturum","lemma":"deicio","morphology":"participle, future active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"going to throw down"},{"surface":"arces","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"citadels"},{"surface":"Italum","lemma":"italus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Italian"},{"surface":"exscidioque","lemma":"exscidium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to destruction","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"daturum","lemma":"do","morphology":"participle, future active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"going to give"}]},{"number":656,"label":"656","id":"b12-l656","source":"iamque faces ad tecta volant. In te ora Latini,","translation":"and now torches are flying at the roofs. On you the Latins turn","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l656.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"faces","lemma":"fax","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"torches"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"tecta","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the roofs"},{"surface":"volant","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fly"},{"surface":"In","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"Latini","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Latins"}]},{"number":657,"label":"657","id":"b12-l657","source":"in te oculos referunt; mussat rex ipse Latinus,","translation":"their faces, on you their eyes; king Latinus himself mutters,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l657.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"referunt","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"mussat","lemma":"musso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"mutters"},{"surface":"rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Latinus","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Latinus"}]},{"number":658,"label":"658","id":"b12-l658","source":"quos generos vocet aut quae sese ad foedera flectat.","translation":"asking whom to call his sons-in-law, or to what treaty he should bend.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l658.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"generos","lemma":"gener","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"son-in-laws"},{"surface":"vocet","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"treaty"},{"surface":"flectat","lemma":"flecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"bends"}]},{"number":659,"label":"659","id":"b12-l659","source":"Praeterea regina, tui fidissima, dextra","translation":"Besides, the queen, who was most faithful to you, has fallen","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l659.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Praeterea","lemma":"praeterea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"tui","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, genitive singular","role":"possessive","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"fidissima","lemma":"fidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"most faithful"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by her right hand"}]},{"number":660,"label":"660","id":"b12-l660","source":"occidit ipsa sua lucemque exterrita fugit.","translation":"by her own right hand, and in terror has fled the light.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l660.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"occidit","lemma":"occido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has fallen"},{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"lucemque","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"exterrita","lemma":"exterreo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in terror"},{"surface":"fugit","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has fled"}]},{"number":661,"label":"661","id":"b12-l661","source":"Soli pro portis Messapus et acer Atinas","translation":"Messapus alone and keen Atinas hold the line up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l661.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Soli","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"portis","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the gates"},{"surface":"Messapus","lemma":"messapus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Messapus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"acer","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"keen"},{"surface":"Atinas","lemma":"atinas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Atinas"}]},{"number":662,"label":"662","id":"b12-l662","source":"sustentant aciem. Circum hos utrimque phalanges","translation":"before the gates. Around them on either hand the companies","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l662.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sustentant","lemma":"sustento","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold up"},{"surface":"aciem","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"battle line"},{"surface":"Circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"utrimque","lemma":"utrimque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"phalanges","lemma":"phalanx","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the companies"}]},{"number":663,"label":"663","id":"b12-l663","source":"stant densae, strictisque seges mucronibus horret","translation":"stand thick, and an iron crop bristles with drawn","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l663.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"stant","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"densae","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"strictisque","lemma":"stringo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"seges","lemma":"seges","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"a crop"},{"surface":"mucronibus","lemma":"mucro","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with sword-points"},{"surface":"horret","lemma":"horreo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bristles"}]},{"number":664,"label":"664","id":"b12-l664","source":"ferrea: tu currum deserto in gramine versas.”","translation":"sword-points: and you are wheeling a chariot about on empty grass.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l664.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ferrea","lemma":"ferreus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"currum","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"deserto","lemma":"desertus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"gramine","lemma":"gramen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"versas","lemma":"uerso","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are wheeling about"}]},{"number":665,"label":"665","id":"b12-l665","source":"Obstipuit varia confusus imagine rerum","translation":"Turnus was struck dumb, confused by the shifting picture","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l665.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Obstipuit","lemma":"obstipesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was struck dumb"},{"surface":"varia","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shifting"},{"surface":"confusus","lemma":"confundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"confused"},{"surface":"imagine","lemma":"imago","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by the picture"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"things"}]},{"number":666,"label":"666","id":"b12-l666","source":"Turnus et obtutu tacito stetit. Aestuat ingens","translation":"of things, and stood staring in silence. A huge shame","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l666.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"obtutu","lemma":"obtutus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"staring"},{"surface":"tacito","lemma":"tacitus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"stetit","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"Aestuat","lemma":"aestuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"boils"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"}]},{"number":667,"label":"667","id":"b12-l667","source":"uno in corde pudor mixtoque insania luctu","translation":"boils up in one heart, and madness mixed with grief,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l667.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"uno in corde","title":"Four states named in one heart","body":"uno in corde, 'in one heart', introduces a list: pudor, 'shame', insania mixed with luctus, 'madness with grief', and other named states, all placed in a single heart across two lines. Vergil lists Turnus' feelings by name rather than describing his thoughts directly."}],"words":[{"surface":"uno","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"corde","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"pudor","lemma":"pudor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"mixtoque","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mixed"},{"surface":"insania","lemma":"insania","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"madness"},{"surface":"luctu","lemma":"luctus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with grief"}]},{"number":668,"label":"668","id":"b12-l668","source":"et furiis agitatus amor et conscia virtus.","translation":"and a love driven by the Furies, and a courage that knows itself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l668.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"furiis","lemma":"furia","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by the Furies"},{"surface":"agitatus","lemma":"agito","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"conscia","lemma":"conscius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that knows itself"},{"surface":"virtus","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"courage"}]},{"number":669,"label":"669","id":"b12-l669","source":"Ut primum discussae umbrae et lux reddita menti,","translation":"As soon as the shadows were scattered and light given back to his mind,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l669.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"soon as"},{"surface":"discussae","lemma":"discutio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"umbrae","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"shadows"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lux","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"reddita","lemma":"reddo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"given back"},{"surface":"menti","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"mind"}]},{"number":670,"label":"670","id":"b12-l670","source":"ardentis oculorum orbes ad moenia torsit","translation":"he turned the burning globes of his eyes toward the walls,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l670.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ardentis","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"oculorum","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"orbes","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"globes"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"torsit","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"}]},{"number":671,"label":"671","id":"b12-l671","source":"turbidus eque rotis magnam respexit ad urbem.","translation":"stormy, and from the wheels looked back at the great city.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l671.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"turbidus","lemma":"turbidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"stormy"},{"surface":"eque","lemma":"e","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"rotis","lemma":"rota","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the wheels"},{"surface":"magnam","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"respexit","lemma":"respicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"looked back"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the city"}]},{"number":672,"label":"672","id":"b12-l672","source":"Ecce autem flammis inter tabulata volutus","translation":"And look: a whirl of flame, rolling up between the floors,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l672.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ecce","lemma":"ecce","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"autem","lemma":"autem","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flammis","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in flame"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"tabulata","lemma":"tabulatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the floors"},{"surface":"volutus","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rolling"}]},{"number":673,"label":"673","id":"b12-l673","source":"ad caelum undabat vortex turrimque tenebat,","translation":"was surging to the sky and had taken hold of the tower,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l673.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the sky"},{"surface":"undabat","lemma":"undo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"surged"},{"surface":"vortex","lemma":"uortex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"a whirl"},{"surface":"turrimque","lemma":"turris","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"tower"},{"surface":"tenebat","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had taken hold of"}]},{"number":674,"label":"674","id":"b12-l674","source":"turrim, compactis trabibus quam eduxerat ipse","translation":"the tower he had built up himself out of jointed beams,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l674.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"turrim","lemma":"turris","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the tower"},{"surface":"compactis","lemma":"compingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"jointed"},{"surface":"trabibus","lemma":"trabs","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"out of beams"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"eduxerat","lemma":"educo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had built up"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":675,"label":"675","id":"b12-l675","source":"subdideratque rotas pontisque instraverat altos.","translation":"and set wheels under, and laid high gangways across.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l675.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"subdideratque","lemma":"subdo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"placed under"},{"surface":"rotas","lemma":"rota","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"wheels"},{"surface":"pontisque","lemma":"pons","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gangways"},{"surface":"instraverat","lemma":"insterno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"spreaded or strew on"},{"surface":"altos","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":676,"label":"676","id":"b12-l676","source":"“Iam iam fata, soror, superant; absiste morari;","translation":"“Now, now, sister, the fates are winning; stop holding me back;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l676.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"superant","lemma":"supero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are winning"},{"surface":"absiste","lemma":"absisto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"stop"},{"surface":"morari","lemma":"moror","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"holding me back"}]},{"number":677,"label":"677","id":"b12-l677","source":"quo deus et quo dura vocat Fortuna, sequamur.","translation":"let us follow where the god and where hard Fortune call.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l677.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"deus","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"dura","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"vocat","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"Fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"sequamur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present subjunctive deponent","role":"command","gloss":"let us follow"}]},{"number":678,"label":"678","id":"b12-l678","source":"Stat conferre manum Aeneae, stat quidquid acerbi est","translation":"It stands fixed that I close hands with Aeneas, fixed that I bear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l678.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Stat","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"conferre","lemma":"confero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to close"},{"surface":"manum","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"stat","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"quidquid","lemma":"quisquis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"acerbi","lemma":"acerbus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of bitterness"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":679,"label":"679","id":"b12-l679","source":"morte pati; neque me indecorem, germana, videbis","translation":"whatever bitterness there is in dying; you will not see me","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l679.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"morte","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in dying"},{"surface":"pati","lemma":"patior","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to bear"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"indecorem","lemma":"indecor","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"disgraced"},{"surface":"germana","lemma":"germana","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"sister, own sister"},{"surface":"videbis","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will see"}]},{"number":680,"label":"680","id":"b12-l680","source":"amplius. Hunc, oro, sine me furere ante furorem.”","translation":"shamed any longer, sister. Let me rage this rage out first, I beg you.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l680.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"furere ... furorem","title":"A verb taking its own noun","body":"furere, 'to rage', takes furorem, 'rage', as its object, a cognate accusative, the same pattern as English 'to live a life'. Turnus asks to furere furorem, rage out this one rage, treating it as a bounded thing rather than an ongoing state."}],"words":[{"surface":"amplius","lemma":"amplius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"Hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"sine","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"allow"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"furere","lemma":"furo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to rage"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"furorem","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"this rage"}]},{"number":681,"label":"681","id":"b12-l681","source":"Dixit et e curru saltum dedit ocius arvis","translation":"He spoke, and gave a leap from the chariot down to the fields,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l681.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dixit","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"curru","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"saltum","lemma":"saltus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"a leap"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ocius","lemma":"ocius","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"arvis","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the fields"}]},{"number":682,"label":"682","id":"b12-l682","source":"perque hostis, per tela ruit maestamque sororem","translation":"and rushes through enemies, through spears, and leaves his grieving","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l682.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"perque","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"enemies"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"ruit","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushes"},{"surface":"maestamque","lemma":"maestus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"sororem","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sister"}]},{"number":683,"label":"683","id":"b12-l683","source":"deserit ac rapido cursu media agmina rumpit.","translation":"sister behind, and breaks the middle ranks apart at a run.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l683.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"deserit","lemma":"desero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rapido","lemma":"rapidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"cursu","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at a run"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"rumpit","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"breaks"}]},{"number":684,"label":"684","id":"b12-l684","source":"Ac veluti montis saxum de vertice praeceps","translation":"And as when a boulder comes headlong down from a mountain's crest,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l684.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"veluti","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"montis","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"saxum","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"a boulder"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the crest"},{"surface":"praeceps","lemma":"praeceps","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"headlong"}]},{"number":685,"label":"685","id":"b12-l685","source":"cum ruit avulsum vento, seu turbidus imber","translation":"torn loose by the wind, or a wild rainstorm has washed it out,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l685.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ruit","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"comes down"},{"surface":"avulsum","lemma":"auello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"torn loose"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"seu","lemma":"seu","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"turbidus","lemma":"turbidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"imber","lemma":"imber","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"a rainstorm"}]},{"number":686,"label":"686","id":"b12-l686","source":"proluit aut annis solvit sublapsa vetustas;","translation":"or old age creeping under the years has loosened it;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l686.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"proluit","lemma":"proluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"washes out"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"annis","lemma":"annus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"solvit","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"has loosened"},{"surface":"sublapsa","lemma":"sublabor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"creeping under"},{"surface":"vetustas","lemma":"uetustas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"old age"}]},{"number":687,"label":"687","id":"b12-l687","source":"fertur in abruptum magno mons improbus actu","translation":"the wicked mass is carried into the sheer drop with a great motion,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l687.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fertur","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is carried"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"abruptum","lemma":"abruptus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the sheer drop"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"mons","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the mass"},{"surface":"improbus","lemma":"improbus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wicked"},{"surface":"actu","lemma":"actus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with motion"}]},{"number":688,"label":"688","id":"b12-l688","source":"exsultatque solo, silvas armenta virosque","translation":"and leaps off the ground, rolling woods and herds and men","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l688.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exsultatque","lemma":"exsulto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaps"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"silvas","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"woods"},{"surface":"armenta","lemma":"armentum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"herds"},{"surface":"virosque","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":689,"label":"689","id":"b12-l689","source":"involvens secum: disiecta per agmina Turnus","translation":"along with it: so, through the scattered columns, Turnus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l689.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"involvens","lemma":"inuoluo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with it"},{"surface":"disiecta","lemma":"disicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"columns"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":690,"label":"690","id":"b12-l690","source":"sic urbis ruit ad muros, ubi plurima fuso","translation":"rushes to the city walls, where the ground is soaked deepest","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l690.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"urbis","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ruit","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushes"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"plurima","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"predicate","gloss":"deepest"},{"surface":"fuso","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"spilled"}]},{"number":691,"label":"691","id":"b12-l691","source":"sanguine terra madet striduntque hastilibus aurae,","translation":"with spilled blood, and the air whistles with spear-shafts,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l691.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"madet","lemma":"madeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is soaked"},{"surface":"striduntque","lemma":"strido","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"whistles"},{"surface":"hastilibus","lemma":"hastile","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"spear shaft"},{"surface":"aurae","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the air"}]},{"number":692,"label":"692","id":"b12-l692","source":"significatque manu et magno simul incipit ore:","translation":"and he signals with his hand, and at once begins in a great voice:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l692.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"significatque","lemma":"significo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"signals"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"incipit","lemma":"incipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"begins"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in voice"}]},{"number":693,"label":"693","id":"b12-l693","source":"“Parcite iam, Rutuli, et vos tela inhibete, Latini;","translation":"“Hold now, Rutulians, and you Latins, hold your spears back;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l693.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Parcite","lemma":"parco","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Rutuli","lemma":"rutuli","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"spears"},{"surface":"inhibete","lemma":"inhibeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"Latini","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Latins"}]},{"number":694,"label":"694","id":"b12-l694","source":"quaecumque est Fortuna, mea est: me verius unum","translation":"whatever the Fortune is, it is mine. It is more right that I alone","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l694.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quaecumque","lemma":"quicumque","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"verius","lemma":"uerus","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more right"},{"surface":"unum","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":695,"label":"695","id":"b12-l695","source":"pro vobis foedus luere et decernere ferro.”","translation":"pay for the treaty on your behalf, and settle it with iron.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l695.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"foedus luere","title":"Debt language for a duel","body":"luere means to discharge a debt or pay a penalty. foedus luere, 'to pay for the treaty', has Turnus offer to settle the broken treaty's account with his own body, rather than to avenge or restore it."}],"words":[{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on behalf of"},{"surface":"vobis","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"foedus","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the treaty"},{"surface":"luere","lemma":"luo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to pay"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"decernere","lemma":"decerno","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to settle"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":696,"label":"696","id":"b12-l696","source":"Discessere omnes medii spatiumque dedere.","translation":"They all withdrew from the middle and gave the space.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l696.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Discessere","lemma":"discedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"withdrew"},{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"medii","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"from the middle"},{"surface":"spatiumque","lemma":"spatium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"space","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"dedere","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":697,"label":"697","id":"b12-l697","source":"At pater Aeneas audito nomine Turni","translation":"But father Aeneas, hearing the name of Turnus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l697.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"audito","lemma":"audio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having heard"},{"surface":"nomine","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":698,"label":"698","id":"b12-l698","source":"deserit et muros et summas deserit arces","translation":"leaves the walls, and leaves the high citadels,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l698.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"deserit","lemma":"desero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"summas","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"deserit","lemma":"desero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"arces","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"citadels"}]},{"number":699,"label":"699","id":"b12-l699","source":"praecipitatque moras omnis, opera omnia rumpit,","translation":"throws every delay headlong, breaks off all the works,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l699.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praecipitatque","lemma":"praecipito","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throws headlong"},{"surface":"moras","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"opera","lemma":"opus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"rumpit","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"breaks"}]},{"number":700,"label":"700","id":"b12-l700","source":"laetitia exsultans, horrendumque intonat armis;","translation":"leaping with gladness, and thunders horribly in his arms:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l700.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"laetitia exsultans","title":"Delight stated outright","body":"laetitia exsultans, 'leaping with joy', states directly that Aeneas is glad to hear Turnus is coming to fight. The phrase appears in the same passage as pater, 'father', the epithet naming his responsibility for his people."}],"words":[{"surface":"laetitia","lemma":"laetitia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with gladness"},{"surface":"exsultans","lemma":"exsulto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"leaping"},{"surface":"horrendumque","lemma":"horrendus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"horribly"},{"surface":"intonat","lemma":"intono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"thunders out"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his arms"}]},{"number":701,"label":"701","id":"b12-l701","source":"quantus Athos aut quantus Eryx aut ipse coruscis","translation":"as great as Athos, or as great as Eryx, or as great as father","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l701.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quantus","lemma":"quantus","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"as great as"},{"surface":"Athos","lemma":"athos","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Athos"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quantus","lemma":"quantus","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"as great as"},{"surface":"Eryx","lemma":"eryx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Eryx"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"coruscis","lemma":"coruscus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glittering"}]},{"number":702,"label":"702","id":"b12-l702","source":"cum fremit ilicibus quantus gaudetque nivali","translation":"Apennine himself, when he roars with his glittering holm-oaks","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l702.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"fremit","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"roars"},{"surface":"ilicibus","lemma":"ilex","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his holm-oaks"},{"surface":"quantus","lemma":"quantus","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"as great as"},{"surface":"gaudetque","lemma":"gaudeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"rejoices"},{"surface":"nivali","lemma":"niualis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"snowy"}]},{"number":703,"label":"703","id":"b12-l703","source":"vertice se attollens pater Appenninus ad auras.","translation":"and rejoices, lifting himself with his snowy peak into the air.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l703.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his peak"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"attollens","lemma":"attollo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lifting up"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Appenninus","lemma":"appenninus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Apennine"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the air"}]},{"number":704,"label":"704","id":"b12-l704","source":"Iam vero et Rutuli certatim et Troes et omnes","translation":"And now Rutulians and Trojans alike, and all the Italians,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l704.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Rutuli","lemma":"rutuli","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"certatim","lemma":"certatim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"each outdoing the other"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Troes","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":705,"label":"705","id":"b12-l705","source":"convertere oculos Itali, quique alta tenebant","translation":"turned their eyes, each outdoing the other, those who held the high","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l705.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"convertere","lemma":"conuerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned around"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"Itali","lemma":"italus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Italian"},{"surface":"quique","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"tenebant","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"held"}]},{"number":706,"label":"706","id":"b12-l706","source":"moenia quique imos pulsabant ariete muros,","translation":"walls and those who were battering the wall's base with the ram,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l706.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"quique","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"imos","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the base of"},{"surface":"pulsabant","lemma":"pulso","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"were battering"},{"surface":"ariete","lemma":"aries","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the ram"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"walls"}]},{"number":707,"label":"707","id":"b12-l707","source":"armaque deposuere umeris. Stupet ipse Latinus","translation":"and took the armor down from their shoulders. Latinus himself stands amazed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l707.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"armaque","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"deposuere","lemma":"depono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"umeris","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"Stupet","lemma":"stupeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands amazed"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Latinus","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Latinus"}]},{"number":708,"label":"708","id":"b12-l708","source":"ingentis, genitos diversis partibus orbis,","translation":"that two huge men, born in opposite quarters of the world,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l708.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ingentis","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"genitos","lemma":"gigno","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"born"},{"surface":"diversis","lemma":"diuersus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"partibus","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"quarters"},{"surface":"orbis","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the world"}]},{"number":709,"label":"709","id":"b12-l709","source":"inter se coiisse viros et cernere ferro.","translation":"have come together, and are settling it with iron.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l709.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"coiisse","lemma":"coeo","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to fit together"},{"surface":"viros","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cernere","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"are settling it"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":710,"label":"710","id":"b12-l710","source":"Atque illi, ut vacuo patuerunt aequore campi,","translation":"And they, as soon as the fields lay open in empty level,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l710.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"vacuo","lemma":"uacuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"patuerunt","lemma":"pateo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"stood open"},{"surface":"aequore","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in level"},{"surface":"campi","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the fields"}]},{"number":711,"label":"711","id":"b12-l711","source":"procursu rapido, coniectis eminus hastis,","translation":"run swiftly out, throw their spears from a distance,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l711.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"procursu","lemma":"procursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"rapido","lemma":"rapidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"coniectis","lemma":"conicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having thrown"},{"surface":"eminus","lemma":"eminus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from a distance"},{"surface":"hastis","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"spears"}]},{"number":712,"label":"712","id":"b12-l712","source":"invadunt Martem clipeis atque aere sonoro.","translation":"and go into the war with shields and ringing bronze.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l712.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"invadunt","lemma":"inuado","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"go into"},{"surface":"Martem","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the war"},{"surface":"clipeis","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aere","lemma":"aes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with bronze"},{"surface":"sonoro","lemma":"sonorus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"ringing"}]},{"number":713,"label":"713","id":"b12-l713","source":"Dat gemitum tellus; tum crebros ensibus ictus","translation":"The earth gives a groan; then they double blow on blow","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l713.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"gemitum","lemma":"gemitus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"tellus","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"crebros","lemma":"creber","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"frequent"},{"surface":"ensibus","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with their swords"},{"surface":"ictus","lemma":"ictus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"blows"}]},{"number":714,"label":"714","id":"b12-l714","source":"congeminant: fors et virtus miscentur in unum.","translation":"with their swords: chance and courage are mixed into one thing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l714.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fors et virtus miscentur in unum","title":"Skill and luck named together","body":"virtus is what a fighter brings to a duel, and fors is what happens to him by chance. miscentur in unum, 'are mixed into one', states that at close range the two are no longer separable in the outcome."}],"words":[{"surface":"congeminant","lemma":"congemino","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"double"},{"surface":"fors","lemma":"fors","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"virtus","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"miscentur","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are mixed"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"unum","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"one thing"}]},{"number":715,"label":"715","id":"b12-l715","source":"Ac velut ingenti Sila summove Taburno","translation":"And as on the huge Sila, or on the top of Taburnus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l715.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"velut","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"ingenti","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"Sila","lemma":"sila","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Sila"},{"surface":"summove","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the top of"},{"surface":"Taburno","lemma":"taburnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Taburnus"}]},{"number":716,"label":"716","id":"b12-l716","source":"cum duo conversis inimica in proelia tauri","translation":"when two bulls run at each other, foreheads turned","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l716.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"duo","lemma":"duo","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"conversis","lemma":"conuerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"inimica","lemma":"inimicus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"a fight"},{"surface":"tauri","lemma":"taurus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"bulls"}]},{"number":717,"label":"717","id":"b12-l717","source":"frontibus incurrunt; pavidi cessere magistri,","translation":"for a fight to the death; the herdsmen have given ground in fear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l717.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"frontibus","lemma":"frons","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"foreheads"},{"surface":"incurrunt","lemma":"incurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"run into or towards"},{"surface":"pavidi","lemma":"pauidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"in fear"},{"surface":"cessere","lemma":"cedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have given ground"},{"surface":"magistri","lemma":"magister","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the herdsmen"}]},{"number":718,"label":"718","id":"b12-l718","source":"stat pecus omne metu mutum mussantque iuvencae,","translation":"the whole herd stands dumb with fright, and the heifers mutter","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l718.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"stat","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"pecus","lemma":"pecus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the herd"},{"surface":"omne","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"metu","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with fright"},{"surface":"mutum","lemma":"mutus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"dumb"},{"surface":"mussantque","lemma":"musso","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"mutter"},{"surface":"iuvencae","lemma":"iuuenca","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the heifers"}]},{"number":719,"label":"719","id":"b12-l719","source":"quis nemori imperitet, quem tota armenta sequantur;","translation":"which is to rule the wood, which all the cattle are to follow;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l719.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"nemori","lemma":"nemus","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the wood"},{"surface":"imperitet","lemma":"impero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is to rule"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"tota","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"armenta","lemma":"armentum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the cattle"},{"surface":"sequantur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":720,"label":"720","id":"b12-l720","source":"illi inter sese multa vi volnera miscent","translation":"they trade wounds between them with great force,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l720.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"volnera","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wounds"},{"surface":"miscent","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"trade"}]},{"number":721,"label":"721","id":"b12-l721","source":"cornuaque obnixi infigunt et sanguine largo","translation":"and shoving hard drive their horns in, and wash necks and shoulders","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l721.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cornuaque","lemma":"cornu","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"horns"},{"surface":"obnixi","lemma":"obnitor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shoving hard"},{"surface":"infigunt","lemma":"infigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drive in"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"largo","lemma":"largus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"running"}]},{"number":722,"label":"722","id":"b12-l722","source":"colla armosque lavant; gemitu nemus omne remugit:","translation":"in running blood; the whole wood bellows the groaning back:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l722.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"colla","lemma":"collum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"necks"},{"surface":"armosque","lemma":"armus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"lavant","lemma":"lauo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wash"},{"surface":"gemitu","lemma":"gemitus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"nemus","lemma":"nemus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the wood"},{"surface":"omne","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"remugit","lemma":"remugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bellows back"}]},{"number":723,"label":"723","id":"b12-l723","source":"non aliter Tros Aeneas et Daunius heros","translation":"no otherwise do Trojan Aeneas and the Daunian hero","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l723.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"aliter","lemma":"aliter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"Tros","lemma":"tros","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Daunius","lemma":"daunius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Daunian"},{"surface":"heros","lemma":"heros","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":724,"label":"724","id":"b12-l724","source":"concurrunt clipeis; ingens fragor aethera complet.","translation":"clash with their shields; a huge crash fills the upper air.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l724.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"concurrunt","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"clash"},{"surface":"clipeis","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"fragor","lemma":"fragor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"a crash"},{"surface":"aethera","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"upper air"},{"surface":"complet","lemma":"compleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fills"}]},{"number":725,"label":"725","id":"b12-l725","source":"Iuppiter ipse duas aequato examine lances","translation":"Jupiter himself holds up two scale-pans with the beam made level,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l725.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"duas","lemma":"duo","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"aequato","lemma":"aequo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been leveled"},{"surface":"examine","lemma":"examen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the beam"},{"surface":"lances","lemma":"lanx","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"scale-pans"}]},{"number":726,"label":"726","id":"b12-l726","source":"sustinet et fata imponit diversa duorum,","translation":"and sets in them the differing fates of the two,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l726.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sustinet","lemma":"sustineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds up"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the fates"},{"surface":"imponit","lemma":"impono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sets in them"},{"surface":"diversa","lemma":"diuersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"differing"},{"surface":"duorum","lemma":"duo","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"two"}]},{"number":727,"label":"727","id":"b12-l727","source":"quem damnet labor et quo vergat pondere letum;","translation":"asking whom the struggle condemns, and with what weight death sinks down.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l727.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"damnet","title":"A courtroom verb for a battle","body":"damnare, here damnet, means to condemn, the verb used for a legal verdict against a defendant, not an ordinary word for battle. Jupiter's scales are read here as delivering a judgment rather than simply deciding an outcome."}],"words":[{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"damnet","lemma":"damno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"condemns"},{"surface":"labor","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the struggle"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"with what"},{"surface":"vergat","lemma":"uergo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sinks down"},{"surface":"pondere","lemma":"pondus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weight"},{"surface":"letum","lemma":"letum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":728,"label":"728","id":"b12-l728","source":"Emicat hic, impune putans, et corpore toto","translation":"Here Turnus darts out, thinking it will cost him nothing, and rises","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l728.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Emicat","lemma":"emico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"darts out"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"impune","lemma":"impune","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"with impunity"},{"surface":"putans","lemma":"puto","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"toto","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"}]},{"number":729,"label":"729","id":"b12-l729","source":"alte sublatum consurgit Turnus in ensem","translation":"with his whole body into the sword lifted high,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l729.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"alte","lemma":"alte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"sublatum","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"consurgit","lemma":"consurgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the sword"}]},{"number":730,"label":"730","id":"b12-l730","source":"et ferit: exclamant Troes trepidique Latini,","translation":"and strikes. The Trojans cry out, and the Latins in their fear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l730.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ferit","lemma":"ferio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"exclamant","lemma":"exclamo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cry out"},{"surface":"Troes","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"trepidique","lemma":"trepidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in their fear"},{"surface":"Latini","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Latins"}]},{"number":731,"label":"731","id":"b12-l731","source":"arrectaeque amborum acies. At perfidus ensis","translation":"and both lines strain forward. But the treacherous sword","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l731.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"perfidus ensis","title":"An insult attached to an object","body":"perfidus, 'faithless', is the word Italians and Trojans use of each other throughout the poem for breaking an oath. Here perfidus ensis, 'the faithless sword', applies it to a piece of metal instead of to a person, at the moment the sword breaks."}],"words":[{"surface":"arrectaeque","lemma":"arrigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strained forward"},{"surface":"amborum","lemma":"ambo","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the line"},{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"perfidus","lemma":"perfidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"treacherous"},{"surface":"ensis","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sword"}]},{"number":732,"label":"732","id":"b12-l732","source":"frangitur in medioque ardentem deserit ictu","translation":"breaks, and leaves him in the middle of the burning stroke,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l732.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"frangitur","lemma":"frango","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"breaks"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"medioque","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle of","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ardentem","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him burning"},{"surface":"deserit","lemma":"desero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"ictu","lemma":"ictus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the stroke"}]},{"number":733,"label":"733","id":"b12-l733","source":"ni fuga subsidio subeat. Fugit ocior euro,","translation":"unless flight comes to his rescue. He runs, faster than the east wind,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l733.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"fuga","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"subsidio","lemma":"subsidium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to his rescue"},{"surface":"subeat","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"Fugit","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"ocior","lemma":"ocior","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"faster"},{"surface":"euro","lemma":"eurus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"east wind"}]},{"number":734,"label":"734","id":"b12-l734","source":"ut capulum ignotum dextramque aspexit inermem.","translation":"the instant he saw the hilt was strange and his right hand bare.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l734.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"the instant"},{"surface":"capulum","lemma":"capulus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword-hilt"},{"surface":"ignotum","lemma":"ignotus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"dextramque","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"aspexit","lemma":"aspicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"inermem","lemma":"inermis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bare"}]},{"number":735,"label":"735","id":"b12-l735","source":"Fama est praecipitem, cum prima in proelia iunctos","translation":"The story goes that in his haste, as he was mounting his yoked horses","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l735.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the story"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"praecipitem","lemma":"praeceps","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"in his haste"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"iunctos","lemma":"iungo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"yoked"}]},{"number":736,"label":"736","id":"b12-l736","source":"conscendebat equos, patrio mucrone relicto,","translation":"for the first fighting, he left his father's blade behind","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l736.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conscendebat","lemma":"conscendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was mounting"},{"surface":"equos","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"patrio","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"mucrone","lemma":"mucro","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blade"},{"surface":"relicto","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been left behind"}]},{"number":737,"label":"737","id":"b12-l737","source":"dum trepidat, ferrum aurigae rapuisse Metisci.","translation":"and, hurrying, snatched up the iron of his driver Metiscus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l737.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"trepidat","lemma":"trepido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"hurrying"},{"surface":"ferrum","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"aurigae","lemma":"auriga","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"driver's"},{"surface":"rapuisse","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"snatched up"},{"surface":"Metisci","lemma":"metiscus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Metiscus"}]},{"number":738,"label":"738","id":"b12-l738","source":"Idque diu, dum terga dabant palantia Teucri,","translation":"And for a long time, while the Teucrians were giving ground and scattering,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l738.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Idque","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"diu","lemma":"diu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for a long time"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"terga","lemma":"tergum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"dabant","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"palantia","lemma":"palor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"scattering"},{"surface":"Teucri","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Teucrians"}]},{"number":739,"label":"739","id":"b12-l739","source":"suffecit: postquam arma dei ad Volcania ventumst,","translation":"it served: after it came up against the god Vulcan's armor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l739.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"suffecit","lemma":"sufficio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"served"},{"surface":"postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"Volcania","lemma":"uolcanius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Vulcan's"},{"surface":"ventumst","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":740,"label":"740","id":"b12-l740","source":"mortalis mucro glacies ceu futilis ictu","translation":"the mortal blade flew apart at the stroke like brittle","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l740.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mortalis","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"mucro","lemma":"mucro","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the blade"},{"surface":"glacies","lemma":"glacies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"ceu","lemma":"ceu","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"futilis","lemma":"futilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brittle"},{"surface":"ictu","lemma":"ictus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at the stroke"}]},{"number":741,"label":"741","id":"b12-l741","source":"dissiluit; fulva resplendent fragmina harena.","translation":"ice; the fragments glitter on the yellow sand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l741.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dissiluit","lemma":"dissilio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"fulva","lemma":"fuluus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"resplendent","lemma":"resplendeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"glitter"},{"surface":"fragmina","lemma":"fragmen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the fragments"},{"surface":"harena","lemma":"harena","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the sand"}]},{"number":742,"label":"742","id":"b12-l742","source":"Ergo amens diversa fuga petit aequora Turnus","translation":"So Turnus, out of his mind, makes for the open in scattering flight,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l742.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ergo","lemma":"ergo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"amens","lemma":"amens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"out of his mind"},{"surface":"diversa","lemma":"diuersus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"scattering"},{"surface":"fuga","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"petit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes for"},{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the open"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":743,"label":"743","id":"b12-l743","source":"et nunc huc, inde huc incertos implicat orbes","translation":"and winds uncertain circles now this way, now that;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l743.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"inde","lemma":"inde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"incertos","lemma":"incertus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"uncertain"},{"surface":"implicat","lemma":"implico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"orbes","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"circles"}]},{"number":744,"label":"744","id":"b12-l744","source":"undique enim densa Teucri inclusere corona,","translation":"for the Teucrians have shut him in with a thick ring on every side,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l744.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"undique","lemma":"undique","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from every side"},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"densa","lemma":"densus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"Teucri","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Teucrians"},{"surface":"inclusere","lemma":"includo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shut up"},{"surface":"corona","lemma":"corona","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a ring"}]},{"number":745,"label":"745","id":"b12-l745","source":"atque hinc vasta palus, hinc ardua moenia cingunt.","translation":"and on this hand a huge marsh, on that hand steep walls, hem him about.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l745.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on this hand"},{"surface":"vasta","lemma":"uastus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"palus","lemma":"palus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"marsh"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on that hand"},{"surface":"ardua","lemma":"arduus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"cingunt","lemma":"cingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hem him about"}]},{"number":746,"label":"746","id":"b12-l746","source":"Nec minus Aeneas, quamquam tardata sagitta","translation":"No less does Aeneas follow, though the knees the arrow slowed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l746.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"minus","lemma":"minus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"quamquam","lemma":"quamquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"tardata","lemma":"tardo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"slowed"},{"surface":"sagitta","lemma":"sagitta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":747,"label":"747","id":"b12-l747","source":"interdum genua impediunt cursumque recusant,","translation":"hinder him at times and refuse the running,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l747.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"interdum","lemma":"interdum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at times"},{"surface":"genua","lemma":"genu","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"impediunt","lemma":"impedio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hinder"},{"surface":"cursumque","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the running"},{"surface":"recusant","lemma":"recuso","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"refuse"}]},{"number":748,"label":"748","id":"b12-l748","source":"insequitur trepidique pedem pede fervidus urget:","translation":"and burning he presses foot on the foot of the frightened man:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l748.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"insequitur","lemma":"insequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"pursues"},{"surface":"trepidique","lemma":"trepidus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the frightened man"},{"surface":"pedem","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"pede","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"fervidus","lemma":"feruidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"urget","lemma":"urgeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses"}]},{"number":749,"label":"749","id":"b12-l749","source":"inclusum veluti siquando flumine nanctus","translation":"as when a hunting hound has come on a stag shut in","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l749.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inclusum","lemma":"includo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been shut up"},{"surface":"veluti","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as when"},{"surface":"siquando","lemma":"siquando","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"if when"},{"surface":"flumine","lemma":"flumen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"nanctus","lemma":"nanciscor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having come on"}]},{"number":750,"label":"750","id":"b12-l750","source":"cervum aut puniceae saeptum formidine pinnae","translation":"by a river, or hedged by the terror of the crimson feather,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l750.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cervum","lemma":"ceruus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"a stag"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"puniceae","lemma":"puniceus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"crimson"},{"surface":"saeptum","lemma":"saepio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hedged"},{"surface":"formidine","lemma":"formido","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by the terror"},{"surface":"pinnae","lemma":"pinna","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the feather"}]},{"number":751,"label":"751","id":"b12-l751","source":"venator cursu canis et latratibus instat;","translation":"and presses on it with running and with barking;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l751.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"venator","lemma":"uenator","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"hunter"},{"surface":"cursu","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with running"},{"surface":"canis","lemma":"canis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"hound"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"latratibus","lemma":"latratus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with barking"},{"surface":"instat","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses on"}]},{"number":752,"label":"752","id":"b12-l752","source":"ille autem, insidiis et ripa territus alta,","translation":"but the stag, terrified by the trap and by the high bank,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l752.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the stag"},{"surface":"autem","lemma":"autem","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"insidiis","lemma":"insidiae","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by the trap"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ripa","lemma":"ripa","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bank"},{"surface":"territus","lemma":"terreo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"terrified"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":753,"label":"753","id":"b12-l753","source":"mille fugit refugitque vias; at vividus Umber","translation":"runs and runs back a thousand ways; but the lively Umbrian","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l753.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mille","lemma":"mille","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"fugit","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"refugitque","lemma":"refugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs back"},{"surface":"vias","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ways"},{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vividus","lemma":"uiuidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lively"},{"surface":"Umber","lemma":"umber","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Umbrian"}]},{"number":754,"label":"754","id":"b12-l754","source":"haeret hians, iam iamque tenet similisque tenenti","translation":"hangs on with open jaws, and now, now has him, and as if he had him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l754.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haeret","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hangs on"},{"surface":"hians","lemma":"hio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"being wide open"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tenet","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has him"},{"surface":"similisque","lemma":"similis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"tenenti","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to one holding"}]},{"number":755,"label":"755","id":"b12-l755","source":"increpuit malis morsuque elusus inani est.","translation":"his teeth snap, and he is cheated with an empty bite.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l755.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"increpuit","lemma":"increpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"snap"},{"surface":"malis","lemma":"mala","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"jaws"},{"surface":"morsuque","lemma":"morsus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bite"},{"surface":"elusus","lemma":"eludo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"cheated"},{"surface":"inani","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":756,"label":"756","id":"b12-l756","source":"Tum vero exoritur clamor, ripaeque lacusque","translation":"Then indeed a shout goes up, and the banks and the pools","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l756.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"exoritur","lemma":"exorior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes up"},{"surface":"clamor","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shout"},{"surface":"ripaeque","lemma":"ripa","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"banks"},{"surface":"lacusque","lemma":"lacus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the pools"}]},{"number":757,"label":"757","id":"b12-l757","source":"responsant circa et caelum tonat omne tumultu.","translation":"answer round about, and the whole sky thunders with the uproar.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l757.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"responsant","lemma":"responso","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"circa","lemma":"circa","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"round about"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"tonat","lemma":"tono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"thunders"},{"surface":"omne","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"tumultu","lemma":"tumultus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the uproar"}]},{"number":758,"label":"758","id":"b12-l758","source":"Ille simul fugiens Rutulos simul increpat omnis,","translation":"He, running, shouts at all the Rutulians at once,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l758.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"fugiens","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"Rutulos","lemma":"rutulus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the Rutulians"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"increpat","lemma":"increpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouts at"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":759,"label":"759","id":"b12-l759","source":"nomine quemque vocans, notumque efflagitat ensem.","translation":"calling each one by name, and demands the sword he knows.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l759.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nomine","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"quemque","lemma":"quisque","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"vocans","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"notumque","lemma":"notus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"efflagitat","lemma":"efflagito","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"demands"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"}]},{"number":760,"label":"760","id":"b12-l760","source":"Aeneas mortem contra praesensque minatur","translation":"Aeneas against that threatens death and destruction","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l760.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"mortem","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"against that"},{"surface":"praesensque","lemma":"praesens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"immediate"},{"surface":"minatur","lemma":"minor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"threatens"}]},{"number":761,"label":"761","id":"b12-l761","source":"exitium, si quisquam adeat, terretque trementis","translation":"on the spot for anyone who comes near, and terrifies them, shaking,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l761.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exitium","lemma":"exitium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"destruction"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"quisquam","lemma":"quisquam","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"adeat","lemma":"adeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"comes near"},{"surface":"terretque","lemma":"terreo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"terrifies"},{"surface":"trementis","lemma":"tremo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"shaking"}]},{"number":762,"label":"762","id":"b12-l762","source":"excisurum urbem minitans et saucius instat.","translation":"with a threat to cut the city down; and wounded, he presses on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l762.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"excisurum","lemma":"excido","morphology":"participle, future active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"going to cut down"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"minitans","lemma":"minitor","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"threatening"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"saucius","lemma":"saucius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"instat","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses on"}]},{"number":763,"label":"763","id":"b12-l763","source":"Quinque orbis explent cursu totidemque retexunt","translation":"Five circles they complete at a run, and unwind as many","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l763.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quinque","lemma":"quinque","morphology":"numeral","role":"object","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"orbis","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"circles"},{"surface":"explent","lemma":"expleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"complete"},{"surface":"cursu","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at a run"},{"surface":"totidemque","lemma":"totidem","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"retexunt","lemma":"retexo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"unwind"}]},{"number":764,"label":"764","id":"b12-l764","source":"huc illuc; neque enim levia aut ludicra petuntur","translation":"this way and that; for it is no light prize, no prize of the games,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l764.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"illuc","lemma":"illuc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"levia","lemma":"leuis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ludicra","lemma":"ludicer","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"of the games"},{"surface":"petuntur","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are sought"}]},{"number":765,"label":"765","id":"b12-l765","source":"praemia, sed Turni de vita et sanguine certant.","translation":"that is sought here: they are contending for the life and blood of Turnus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l765.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praemia","lemma":"praemium","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"prize"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Turnus"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"uita","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"certant","lemma":"certo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"contend"}]},{"number":766,"label":"766","id":"b12-l766","source":"Forte sacer Fauno foliis oleaster amaris","translation":"It happened that a wild olive with bitter leaves, sacred to Faunus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l766.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Forte","lemma":"fors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"sacer","lemma":"sacer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"Fauno","lemma":"faunus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Faunus"},{"surface":"foliis","lemma":"folium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with leaves"},{"surface":"oleaster","lemma":"oleaster","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"wild olive-tree"},{"surface":"amaris","lemma":"amarus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":767,"label":"767","id":"b12-l767","source":"hic steterat, nautis olim venerabile lignum,","translation":"had stood here, a timber the sailors once held in awe,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l767.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"steterat","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"nautis","lemma":"nauta","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to sailors"},{"surface":"olim","lemma":"olim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"venerabile","lemma":"uenerabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"held in awe"},{"surface":"lignum","lemma":"lignum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"a timber"}]},{"number":768,"label":"768","id":"b12-l768","source":"servati ex undis ubi figere dona solebant","translation":"where men saved from the waves used to fasten their offerings","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l768.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"servati","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"men saved"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the waves"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"figere","lemma":"figo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to fasten"},{"surface":"dona","lemma":"donum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"their offerings"},{"surface":"solebant","lemma":"soleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was in the habit of"}]},{"number":769,"label":"769","id":"b12-l769","source":"Laurenti divo et votas suspendere vestes,","translation":"to the Laurentine god, and hang up the clothes they had vowed;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l769.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Laurenti","lemma":"laurens","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Laurentine"},{"surface":"divo","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the god"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"votas","lemma":"uoueo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been vowed"},{"surface":"suspendere","lemma":"suspendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to hang up"},{"surface":"vestes","lemma":"uestis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"clothes"}]},{"number":770,"label":"770","id":"b12-l770","source":"sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum","translation":"but the Teucrians had taken the sacred stock away","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l770.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"stirpem","lemma":"stirps","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the stock"},{"surface":"Teucri","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Teucrians"},{"surface":"nullo","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"discrimine","lemma":"discrimen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"distinction"},{"surface":"sacrum","lemma":"sacer","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sacred"}]},{"number":771,"label":"771","id":"b12-l771","source":"sustulerant, puro ut possent concurrere campo.","translation":"without making any distinction, so that they could fight on a clear field.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l771.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sustulerant","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had taken away"},{"surface":"puro","lemma":"purus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"possent","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"concurrere","lemma":"concurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"fight"},{"surface":"campo","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"field"}]},{"number":772,"label":"772","id":"b12-l772","source":"Hic hasta Aeneae stabat, huc impetus illam","translation":"Here Aeneas' spear was standing; the throw had carried it","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l772.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"Aeneae","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Aeneas'"},{"surface":"stabat","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was standing"},{"surface":"huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"to this place"},{"surface":"impetus","lemma":"impetus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the throw"},{"surface":"illam","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":773,"label":"773","id":"b12-l773","source":"detulerat fixam et lenta in radice tenebat.","translation":"down to this place and fixed it, and the tough root held it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l773.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"detulerat","lemma":"defero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"fixam","lemma":"figo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having fixed"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lenta","lemma":"lentus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tough"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"radice","lemma":"radix","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"root"},{"surface":"tenebat","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"}]},{"number":774,"label":"774","id":"b12-l774","source":"Incubuit voluitque manu convellere ferrum","translation":"The son of Dardanus leaned on it and wanted to wrench the iron out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l774.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Incubuit","lemma":"incumbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaned forward"},{"surface":"voluitque","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"convellere","lemma":"conuello","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to wrench out"},{"surface":"ferrum","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":775,"label":"775","id":"b12-l775","source":"Dardanides teloque sequi, quem prendere cursu","translation":"with his hand, and to chase with a weapon the man he could not","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l775.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardanides","lemma":"dardanides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the son of Dardanus"},{"surface":"teloque","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weapon"},{"surface":"sequi","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"prendere","lemma":"prendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to catch"},{"surface":"cursu","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by running"}]},{"number":776,"label":"776","id":"b12-l776","source":"non poterat. Tum vero amens formidine Turnus","translation":"catch by running. Then Turnus, out of his mind with terror,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l776.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"poterat","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was able"},{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"amens","lemma":"amens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"out of his mind"},{"surface":"formidine","lemma":"formido","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with terror"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":777,"label":"777","id":"b12-l777","source":"“Faune, precor, miserere,” inquit, “tuque optima ferrum","translation":"“Faunus, I beg you, have pity,” he says, “and you, best Earth,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l777.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Faune","lemma":"faunus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Faunus"},{"surface":"precor","lemma":"precor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"miserere","lemma":"misereor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"inquit","lemma":"inquam","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"tuque","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, vocative singular","role":"address","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"optima","lemma":"optimus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular feminine, superlative","role":"address","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ferrum","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":778,"label":"778","id":"b12-l778","source":"terra tene, colui vestros si semper honores,","translation":"hold the iron, if I always kept your honors,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l778.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Earth"},{"surface":"tene","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"colui","lemma":"colo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"vestros","lemma":"uester","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"semper","lemma":"semper","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"honores","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"honors"}]},{"number":779,"label":"779","id":"b12-l779","source":"quos contra Aeneadae bello fecere profanos.”","translation":"which the followers of Aeneas have made unholy by war.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l779.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"Aeneadae","lemma":"aeneades","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the followers of Aeneas"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"fecere","lemma":"facio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"profanos","lemma":"profanus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"unholy"}]},{"number":780,"label":"780","id":"b12-l780","source":"Dixit opemque dei non cassa in vota vocavit.","translation":"He spoke, and called the god's help into prayers that were not empty.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l780.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dixit","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"opemque","lemma":"ops","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"god's"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"cassa","lemma":"cassus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vota","lemma":"uotum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"prayers"},{"surface":"vocavit","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"}]},{"number":781,"label":"781","id":"b12-l781","source":"Namque diu luctans lentoque in stirpe moratus","translation":"For struggling a long time, held up in the tough stock,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l781.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"diu","lemma":"diu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for a long time"},{"surface":"luctans","lemma":"luctor","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"struggling"},{"surface":"lentoque","lemma":"lentus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tough"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"stirpe","lemma":"stirps","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the stock"},{"surface":"moratus","lemma":"moror","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"held up"}]},{"number":782,"label":"782","id":"b12-l782","source":"viribus haud ullis valuit discludere morsus","translation":"Aeneas had no strength enough to force apart the bite","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l782.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"viribus","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with strength"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ullis","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"valuit","lemma":"ualeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had strength"},{"surface":"discludere","lemma":"discludo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to force apart"},{"surface":"morsus","lemma":"morsus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the bite"}]},{"number":783,"label":"783","id":"b12-l783","source":"roboris Aeneas. Dum nititur acer et instat,","translation":"of the wood. While he strains keenly and presses at it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l783.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"roboris","lemma":"robur","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the wood"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"nititur","lemma":"nitor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"strains"},{"surface":"acer","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"keenly"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"instat","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"presses on"}]},{"number":784,"label":"784","id":"b12-l784","source":"rursus in aurigae faciem mutata Metisci","translation":"the Daunian goddess, changed once more into the face","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l784.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"rursus","lemma":"rursus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"aurigae","lemma":"auriga","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"driver's"},{"surface":"faciem","lemma":"facies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"mutata","lemma":"muto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"changed"},{"surface":"Metisci","lemma":"metiscus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Metiscus"}]},{"number":785,"label":"785","id":"b12-l785","source":"procurrit fratrique ensem dea Daunia reddit.","translation":"of the driver Metiscus, runs out and gives her brother back his sword.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l785.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"procurrit","lemma":"procurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs out ahead"},{"surface":"fratrique","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"Daunia","lemma":"daunius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Daunian"},{"surface":"reddit","lemma":"reddo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives back"}]},{"number":786,"label":"786","id":"b12-l786","source":"Quod Venus audaci nymphae indignata licere","translation":"Venus, indignant that so bold a nymph should be allowed this,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l786.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"audaci","lemma":"audax","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"nymphae","lemma":"nympha","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"nymph"},{"surface":"indignata","lemma":"indignor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"indignant"},{"surface":"licere","lemma":"licet","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to allow"}]},{"number":787,"label":"787","id":"b12-l787","source":"adcessit telumque alta ab radice revellit.","translation":"came up and tore the weapon out of the deep root.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l787.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adcessit","lemma":"accedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came near"},{"surface":"telumque","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"radice","lemma":"radix","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the root"},{"surface":"revellit","lemma":"reuello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore"}]},{"number":788,"label":"788","id":"b12-l788","source":"Olli sublimes armis animisque refecti,","translation":"They, lifted up, restored in their arms and in their spirits,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l788.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Olli","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sublimes","lemma":"sublimis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"lifted up"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in their arms"},{"surface":"animisque","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in their spirits"},{"surface":"refecti","lemma":"reficio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"restored"}]},{"number":789,"label":"789","id":"b12-l789","source":"hic gladio fidens, hic acer et arduus hasta,","translation":"the one trusting his sword, the other keen and towering with his spear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l789.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"gladio","lemma":"gladius","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"fidens","lemma":"fido","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"acer","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"keen"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"arduus","lemma":"arduus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"towering"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his spear"}]},{"number":790,"label":"790","id":"b12-l790","source":"adsistunt contra certamina Martis anheli.","translation":"stand facing each other for the contests of panting war.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l790.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adsistunt","lemma":"assisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"facing each other"},{"surface":"certamina","lemma":"certamen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"contests"},{"surface":"Martis","lemma":"mars","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of war"},{"surface":"anheli","lemma":"anhelus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"panting"}]},{"number":791,"label":"791","id":"b12-l791","source":"Iunonem interea rex omnipotentis Olympi","translation":"Meanwhile the king of all-powerful Olympus speaks to Juno","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l791.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iunonem","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"omnipotentis","lemma":"omnipotens","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all-powerful"},{"surface":"Olympi","lemma":"olympus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Olympus"}]},{"number":792,"label":"792","id":"b12-l792","source":"adloquitur fulva pugnas de nube tuentem:","translation":"as she watches the fighting from a tawny cloud:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l792.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adloquitur","lemma":"adloquor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks to"},{"surface":"fulva","lemma":"fuluus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tawny"},{"surface":"pugnas","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the fighting"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"nube","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"a cloud"},{"surface":"tuentem","lemma":"tueor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"watching"}]},{"number":793,"label":"793","id":"b12-l793","source":"“Qua iam finis erit, coniunx? Quid denique restat?","translation":"“What end will there be now, wife? What is left at the last?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l793.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"finis","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"erit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will there be"},{"surface":"coniunx","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"denique","lemma":"denique","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at the last"},{"surface":"restat","lemma":"resto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is left"}]},{"number":794,"label":"794","id":"b12-l794","source":"Indigetem Aenean scis ipsa et scire fateris","translation":"You know yourself, and admit you know, that Aeneas as a god of this soil","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l794.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Indigetem","title":"A title for a local god","body":"The di indigetes were Rome's own native gods, and Aeneas was worshipped under this title as Iuppiter Indiges at Lavinium. Jupiter uses this name to tell Juno that Aeneas already counts as one of Italy's own gods."}],"words":[{"surface":"Indigetem","lemma":"indiges","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"a god of this soil"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"scis","lemma":"scio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"scire","lemma":"scio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"fateris","lemma":"fateor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"admit"}]},{"number":795,"label":"795","id":"b12-l795","source":"deberi caelo fatisque ad sidera tolli.","translation":"is owed to heaven, and is being lifted by the fates to the stars.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l795.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"deberi","lemma":"debeo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be owed"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to heaven"},{"surface":"fatisque","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by the fates"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the stars"},{"surface":"tolli","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"is being lifted"}]},{"number":796,"label":"796","id":"b12-l796","source":"Quid struis, aut qua spe gelidis in nubibus haeres?","translation":"What are you building? On what hope do you hang in the cold clouds?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l796.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"struis","lemma":"struo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"build"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"spe","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"gelidis","lemma":"gelidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nubibus","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"haeres","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you hang"}]},{"number":797,"label":"797","id":"b12-l797","source":"Mortalin decuit violari volnere divom,","translation":"Was it fitting that a god be violated by a mortal wound,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l797.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mortalin","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"by a mortal","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"decuit","lemma":"decet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was fitting"},{"surface":"violari","lemma":"uiolo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"be violated"},{"surface":"volnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"a god"}]},{"number":798,"label":"798","id":"b12-l798","source":"aut ensem (quid enim sine te Iuturna valeret?)","translation":"or that a sword (for what could Juturna do without you?)","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l798.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sine","lemma":"sine","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Iuturna","lemma":"iuturna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juturna"},{"surface":"valeret","lemma":"ualeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was strong"}]},{"number":799,"label":"799","id":"b12-l799","source":"ereptum reddi Turno et vim crescere victis?","translation":"be given back to Turnus once lost, and force grow in the beaten?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l799.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ereptum","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"once lost"},{"surface":"reddi","lemma":"reddo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"be given back"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Turnus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vim","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"crescere","lemma":"cresco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to grow"},{"surface":"victis","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"in the beaten"}]},{"number":800,"label":"800","id":"b12-l800","source":"Desine iam tandem precibusque inflectere nostris,","translation":"Stop now, at last, and be bent by our prayers;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l800.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ni te tantus edit tacitam dolor","title":"A disputed reading","body":"The manuscript can be read as ne, 'so that not', giving a negative purpose, stop so that grief will not consume you, or as ni, 'unless', giving a harsher alternative. The sequence of subjunctives favors ne, the reading generally followed, but the text itself is disputed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Desine","lemma":"desino","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"stop"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tandem","lemma":"tandem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"precibusque","lemma":"prex","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by prayers"},{"surface":"inflectere","lemma":"inflecto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative passive","role":"command","gloss":"be bent"},{"surface":"nostris","lemma":"noster","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":801,"label":"801","id":"b12-l801","source":"ni te tantus edit tacitam dolor et mihi curae","translation":"so that so great a grief may not eat you in silence, and so that sad cares","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l801.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so that not"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tantus","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"edit","lemma":"edo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"may eat"},{"surface":"tacitam","lemma":"tacitus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"dolor","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"curae","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"cares"}]},{"number":802,"label":"802","id":"b12-l802","source":"saepe tuo dulci tristes ex ore recursent,","translation":"may not keep coming back to me, over and over, out of your sweet mouth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l802.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"saepe","lemma":"saepe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"tuo","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"dulci","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"tristes","lemma":"tristis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"recursent","lemma":"recurso","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"run or hasten back"}]},{"number":803,"label":"803","id":"b12-l803","source":"ventum ad supremum est. Terris agitare vel undis","translation":"The last point has been reached. You have had it in your power to harry","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l803.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ventum","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"main verb","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"supremum","lemma":"supremus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the last point"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"Terris","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"agitare","lemma":"agito","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to harry"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"uel","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"over water"}]},{"number":804,"label":"804","id":"b12-l804","source":"Troianos potuisti, infandum adcendere bellum,","translation":"the Trojans over land or over water, to kindle an unspeakable war,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l804.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Troianos","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"potuisti","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have had power"},{"surface":"infandum","lemma":"infandus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unspeakable"},{"surface":"adcendere","lemma":"accendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to kindle"},{"surface":"bellum","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":805,"label":"805","id":"b12-l805","source":"deformare domum et luctu miscere hymenaeos:","translation":"to disfigure a house, and to mix a wedding with mourning:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l805.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"deformare","lemma":"deformo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to disfigure"},{"surface":"domum","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"a house"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"luctu","lemma":"luctus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with mourning"},{"surface":"miscere","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to mix"},{"surface":"hymenaeos","lemma":"hymenaeus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"wedding"}]},{"number":806,"label":"806","id":"b12-l806","source":"ulterius temptare veto.” Sic Iuppiter orsus;","translation":"I forbid you to try further.” So Jupiter began;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l806.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ulterius","lemma":"ulterior","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"temptare","lemma":"tempto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to try"},{"surface":"veto","lemma":"ueto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"forbid"},{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"orsus","lemma":"ordior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"}]},{"number":807,"label":"807","id":"b12-l807","source":"sic dea submisso contra Saturnia voltu:","translation":"and so Saturn's daughter answered, with her face lowered:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l807.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"submisso","lemma":"summitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"Saturnia","lemma":"saturnius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Saturn's daughter"},{"surface":"voltu","lemma":"uultus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":808,"label":"808","id":"b12-l808","source":"“Ista quidem quia nota mihi tua, magne, voluntas,","translation":"“Because that will of yours was known to me, great","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l808.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ista","lemma":"iste","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"quidem","lemma":"quidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"quia","lemma":"quia","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"nota","lemma":"notus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"magne","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"voluntas","lemma":"uoluntas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"will"}]},{"number":809,"label":"809","id":"b12-l809","source":"Iuppiter, et Turnum et terras invita reliqui;","translation":"Jupiter, I left both Turnus and the earth, unwilling as I was;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l809.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"Turnum","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"invita","lemma":"inuitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"reliqui","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"left behind"}]},{"number":810,"label":"810","id":"b12-l810","source":"nec tu me aeria solam nunc sede videres","translation":"and you would not be seeing me now alone in a seat of air,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l810.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"aeria","lemma":"aerius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of air"},{"surface":"solam","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"sede","lemma":"sedes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"videres","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be seeing"}]},{"number":811,"label":"811","id":"b12-l811","source":"digna indigna pati, sed flammis cincta sub ipsa","translation":"bearing what is deserved and undeserved, but I would be standing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l811.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"digna indigna","title":"Two opposites with no conjunction","body":"digna and indigna, 'deserved' and 'undeserved', are placed side by side with no conjunction between them, a pattern borrowed from Greek. The phrase means 'whatever comes, earned or not', said without judging which it will be."}],"words":[{"surface":"digna","lemma":"dignus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what is deserved"},{"surface":"indigna","lemma":"indignus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"and undeserved"},{"surface":"pati","lemma":"patior","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to bear"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"flammis","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"flames"},{"surface":"cincta","lemma":"cingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ringed"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"itself"}]},{"number":812,"label":"812","id":"b12-l812","source":"starem acie traheremque inimica in proelia Teucros.","translation":"in the battle line itself, ringed in flames, and dragging Teucrians into a fight they would hate.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l812.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"starem","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would be standing"},{"surface":"acie","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"battle line"},{"surface":"traheremque","lemma":"traho","morphology":"verb, 1st singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragging"},{"surface":"inimica","lemma":"inimicus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"proelia","lemma":"proelium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"a fight"},{"surface":"Teucros","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Teucrians"}]},{"number":813,"label":"813","id":"b12-l813","source":"Iuturnam misero, fateor, succurrere fratri","translation":"I persuaded Juturna, I confess it, to run to her poor brother's help,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l813.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iuturnam","lemma":"iuturna","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Juturna"},{"surface":"misero","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"fateor","lemma":"fateor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"confess"},{"surface":"succurrere","lemma":"succurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to run to the aid of"},{"surface":"fratri","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"brother"}]},{"number":814,"label":"814","id":"b12-l814","source":"suasi et pro vita maiora audere probavi,","translation":"and I approved her daring greater things for his life,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l814.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"suasi","lemma":"suadeo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I persuaded"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"uita","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"maiora","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter, comparative","role":"object","gloss":"greater things"},{"surface":"audere","lemma":"audeo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"daring"},{"surface":"probavi","lemma":"probo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"approved"}]},{"number":815,"label":"815","id":"b12-l815","source":"non ut tela tamen, non ut contenderet arcum:","translation":"but not that she should send a weapon, not that she should bend a bow:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l815.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"contenderet","lemma":"contendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"should bend"},{"surface":"arcum","lemma":"arcus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"a bow"}]},{"number":816,"label":"816","id":"b12-l816","source":"adiuro Stygii caput implacabile fontis,","translation":"I swear it by the implacable head of the Stygian spring,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l816.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adiuro","lemma":"adiuro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"swear by"},{"surface":"Stygii","lemma":"stygius","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Stygian"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"implacabile","lemma":"implacabilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"implacable"},{"surface":"fontis","lemma":"fons","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"spring"}]},{"number":817,"label":"817","id":"b12-l817","source":"una superstitio superis quae reddita divis.","translation":"the one dread that has been given to the gods above.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l817.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"una","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"superstitio","lemma":"superstitio","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"superis","lemma":"superus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the gods above"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"reddita","lemma":"reddo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"divis","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the gods"}]},{"number":818,"label":"818","id":"b12-l818","source":"Et nunc cedo equidem pugnasque exosa relinquo.","translation":"And now I give way, for my part, and leave the fighting, hating it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l818.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"cedo","lemma":"cedo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I give way"},{"surface":"equidem","lemma":"equidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for my part"},{"surface":"pugnasque","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the fighting"},{"surface":"exosa","lemma":"exosus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hating"},{"surface":"relinquo","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave behind"}]},{"number":819,"label":"819","id":"b12-l819","source":"Illud te, nulla fati quod lege tenetur,","translation":"This one thing, which is held by no law of fate, I ask of you","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l819.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"nulla fati quod lege tenetur","title":"A request fate leaves open","body":"nulla fati lege tenetur, 'held by no law of fate', marks the one thing Juno is about to ask for as not already fixed by fate. She asks only for what remains open, not for the outcome itself, which is already decided."}],"words":[{"surface":"Illud","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this one thing"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"nulla","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"fati","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"lege","lemma":"lex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"law"},{"surface":"tenetur","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is held"}]},{"number":820,"label":"820","id":"b12-l820","source":"pro Latio obtestor, pro maiestate tuorum:","translation":"for the sake of Latium, for the standing of your own people:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l820.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"Latio","lemma":"latium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Latium"},{"surface":"obtestor","lemma":"obtestor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"beseech"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"maiestate","lemma":"maiestas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the standing"},{"surface":"tuorum","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of your own people"}]},{"number":821,"label":"821","id":"b12-l821","source":"cum iam conubis pacem felicibus, esto,","translation":"when they settle the peace at last with lucky marriages, so be it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l821.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"conubis","lemma":"conubium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"marriages"},{"surface":"pacem","lemma":"pax","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"felicibus","lemma":"felix","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"lucky"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"so be it"}]},{"number":822,"label":"822","id":"b12-l822","source":"component, cum iam leges et foedera iungent,","translation":"when they are already joining laws and treaties together,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l822.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"component","lemma":"compono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will settle"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"leges","lemma":"lex","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"laws"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"treaties"},{"surface":"iungent","lemma":"iungo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will join"}]},{"number":823,"label":"823","id":"b12-l823","source":"ne vetus indigenas nomen mutare Latinos","translation":"do not order the native Latins to change their ancient name,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l823.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"vetus","lemma":"uetus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"indigenas","lemma":"indigena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"mutare","lemma":"muto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to change"},{"surface":"Latinos","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the Latins"}]},{"number":824,"label":"824","id":"b12-l824","source":"neu Troas fieri iubeas Teucrosque vocari","translation":"or to become Trojans and be called Teucrians,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l824.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"neu","lemma":"neu","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Troas","lemma":"tros","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"fieri","lemma":"fio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to become"},{"surface":"iubeas","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"Teucrosque","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"vocari","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be called"}]},{"number":825,"label":"825","id":"b12-l825","source":"aut vocem mutare viros aut vertere vestem.","translation":"or the men to change their speech, or to turn their dress.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l825.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"vocem","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"mutare","lemma":"muto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to change"},{"surface":"viros","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"vertere","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to turn"},{"surface":"vestem","lemma":"uestis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"their dress"}]},{"number":826,"label":"826","id":"b12-l826","source":"Sit Latium, sint Albani per saecula reges,","translation":"Let there be Latium, let there be Alban kings down the ages,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l826.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let there be"},{"surface":"Latium","lemma":"latium","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"Latium"},{"surface":"sint","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let there be"},{"surface":"Albani","lemma":"albanus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Alban"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"saecula","lemma":"saeculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the ages"},{"surface":"reges","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"kings"}]},{"number":827,"label":"827","id":"b12-l827","source":"sit Romana potens Itala virtute propago:","translation":"let the Roman stock be strong in Italian courage:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l827.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let be"},{"surface":"Romana","lemma":"romanus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Roman"},{"surface":"potens","lemma":"potens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"Itala","lemma":"italus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Italian"},{"surface":"virtute","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"propago","lemma":"propago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"stock"}]},{"number":828,"label":"828","id":"b12-l828","source":"occidit, occideritque sinas cum nomine Troia.”","translation":"Troy has fallen; let it stay fallen, and its name with it.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l828.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"occidit, occideritque","title":"One verb in two tenses","body":"occidit, 'it has fallen', a plain perfect, is followed by occiderit, a perfect subjunctive used as a command, 'let it have fallen'. Juno demands not that Troy be destroyed, which has already happened, but that it never exist again."}],"words":[{"surface":"occidit","lemma":"occido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has fallen"},{"surface":"occideritque","lemma":"occido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"have fallen"},{"surface":"sinas","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"nomine","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"Troia","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Troy"}]},{"number":829,"label":"829","id":"b12-l829","source":"Olli subridens hominum rerumque repertor","translation":"Smiling at her, the finder of men and of things said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l829.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Olli","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"subridens","lemma":"surrideo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"hominum","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"rerumque","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"repertor","lemma":"repertor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the finder"}]},{"number":830,"label":"830","id":"b12-l830","source":"“Es germana Iovis Saturnique altera proles:","translation":"“You are Jove's own sister, and Saturn's other child:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l830.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"germana","lemma":"germana","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"sister, own sister"},{"surface":"Iovis","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Jove's"},{"surface":"Saturnique","lemma":"saturnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Saturn's"},{"surface":"altera","lemma":"alter","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"proles","lemma":"proles","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"child"}]},{"number":831,"label":"831","id":"b12-l831","source":"irarum tantos volvis sub pectore fluctus.","translation":"such waves of anger do you roll beneath your breast.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l831.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"irarum ... fluctus","title":"Anger described as waves","body":"irarum fluctus, 'waves of anger', joins ira, 'anger', to the same sea imagery used for Juno's storm against the Trojans in the poem's opening lines. Jupiter uses the same pairing of words to name the anger still inside her at the poem's end."}],"words":[{"surface":"irarum","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"angers"},{"surface":"tantos","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"volvis","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"roll"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"your breast"},{"surface":"fluctus","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"waves"}]},{"number":832,"label":"832","id":"b12-l832","source":"Verum age et inceptum frustra submitte furorem","translation":"But come, put down the madness you began for nothing:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l832.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Verum","lemma":"uerum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"age","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inceptum","lemma":"incipio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"begun"},{"surface":"frustra","lemma":"frustra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for nothing"},{"surface":"submitte","lemma":"summitto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"put down"},{"surface":"furorem","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the madness"}]},{"number":833,"label":"833","id":"b12-l833","source":"do quod vis, et me victusque volensque remitto.","translation":"I grant what you want, and give in, beaten, and willing at once.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l833.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"victusque volensque","title":"Two participles joined equally","body":"victus, 'beaten', and volens, 'willing', are joined by two -que endings, so neither is grammatically subordinate to the other. Jupiter states both as true of himself in the same breath, conceding to Juno and calling it his own choice at once."}],"words":[{"surface":"do","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I grant"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"vis","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you want"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"victusque","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beaten"},{"surface":"volensque","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"remitto","lemma":"remitto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"give in"}]},{"number":834,"label":"834","id":"b12-l834","source":"Sermonem Ausonii patrium moresque tenebunt,","translation":"The Ausonians will keep their fathers' speech and their customs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l834.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sermonem","lemma":"sermo","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"Ausonii","lemma":"ausonius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Ausonians"},{"surface":"patrium","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fathers'"},{"surface":"moresque","lemma":"mos","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"customs"},{"surface":"tenebunt","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will keep"}]},{"number":835,"label":"835","id":"b12-l835","source":"utque est nomen erit; commixti corpore tantum","translation":"and their name will stand as it is; mixed only in the body,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l835.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"commixti corpore tantum subsident Teucri","title":"A word for settling like sediment","body":"subsidere means to sink down or settle, the word used for a sediment at the bottom of a liquid. commixti corpore tantum, 'mixed only in body', states that the Trojans contribute only blood to the new people, nothing else."}],"words":[{"surface":"utque","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"erit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"commixti","lemma":"commisceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having mingled together"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"tantum","lemma":"tantum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"only"}]},{"number":836,"label":"836","id":"b12-l836","source":"subsident Teucri. Morem ritusque sacrorum","translation":"the Teucrians will settle among them. I will add the observance","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l836.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"subsident","lemma":"subsido","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will settle"},{"surface":"Teucri","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Teucrians"},{"surface":"Morem","lemma":"mos","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"observance"},{"surface":"ritusque","lemma":"ritus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"rites"},{"surface":"sacrorum","lemma":"sacrum","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of worship"}]},{"number":837,"label":"837","id":"b12-l837","source":"adiciam faciamque omnis uno ore Latinos.","translation":"and the rites of worship, and make them all Latins with one mouth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l837.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adiciam","lemma":"adicio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will add"},{"surface":"faciamque","lemma":"facio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"make","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"them all"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"Latinos","lemma":"latinus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"Latins"}]},{"number":838,"label":"838","id":"b12-l838","source":"Hinc genus Ausonio mixtum quod sanguine surget,","translation":"The race that will rise from here, mixed with Ausonian blood,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l838.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"Ausonio","lemma":"ausonius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Ausonian"},{"surface":"mixtum","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been mixed"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"surget","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will rise"}]},{"number":839,"label":"839","id":"b12-l839","source":"supra homines, supra ire deos pietate videbis,","translation":"you will see go past men, past gods, in duty,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l839.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pietate","title":"A quality given to a people","body":"pietas, duty to gods, family, and country, was named as Aeneas' defining quality near the poem's start. Here Jupiter applies the same word, pietate, to the future Roman people as a whole, rather than to Aeneas alone."}],"words":[{"surface":"supra","lemma":"supra","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"homines","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"supra","lemma":"supra","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"ire","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"deos","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"pietate","lemma":"pietas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in duty"},{"surface":"videbis","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will see"}]},{"number":840,"label":"840","id":"b12-l840","source":"nec gens ulla tuos aeque celebrabit honores.”","translation":"and no nation will keep your honors as well as this one.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l840.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and no"},{"surface":"gens","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"nation"},{"surface":"ulla","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"tuos","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"aeque","lemma":"aeque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as well"},{"surface":"celebrabit","lemma":"celebro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will keep"},{"surface":"honores","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"honors"}]},{"number":841,"label":"841","id":"b12-l841","source":"Adnuit his Iuno et mentem laetata retorsit.","translation":"Juno nodded to this, and gladdened, turned her mind about;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l841.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mentem laetata retorsit","title":"A verb reused from elsewhere","body":"retorquere, 'to twist back', here retorsit, is the same verb used earlier in the book for Juturna wrenching a chariot around. Juno's change of mind is described with the identical verb used there for a physical reversal in direction."}],"words":[{"surface":"Adnuit","lemma":"annuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"nodded to"},{"surface":"his","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to this"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mentem","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"laetata","lemma":"laetor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gladdened"},{"surface":"retorsit","lemma":"retorqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned about"}]},{"number":842,"label":"842","id":"b12-l842","source":"Interea excedit caelo nubemque relinquit.","translation":"and meanwhile she goes out of the sky and leaves her cloud.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l842.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"excedit","lemma":"excedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes out"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"nubemque","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"relinquit","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaves behind"}]},{"number":843,"label":"843","id":"b12-l843","source":"His actis aliud genitor secum ipse volutat","translation":"These things done, the father turns another over in himself,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l843.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"His","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"actis","lemma":"ago","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"aliud","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in himself"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"volutat","lemma":"uoluto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turns over"}]},{"number":844,"label":"844","id":"b12-l844","source":"Iuturnamque parat fratris dimittere ab armis.","translation":"and prepares to send Juturna away from her brother's arms.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l844.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iuturnamque","lemma":"iuturna","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Juturna"},{"surface":"parat","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"prepares"},{"surface":"fratris","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"dimittere","lemma":"dimitto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to send away"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"arms"}]},{"number":845,"label":"845","id":"b12-l845","source":"Dicuntur geminae pestes cognomine Dirae,","translation":"There are two plagues called by the name of the Dirae,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l845.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dicuntur","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are said"},{"surface":"geminae","lemma":"geminus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"twin"},{"surface":"pestes","lemma":"pestis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"plagues"},{"surface":"cognomine","lemma":"cognomen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by name"},{"surface":"Dirae","lemma":"dira","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"the Dirae"}]},{"number":846,"label":"846","id":"b12-l846","source":"quas et Tartaream Nox intempesta Megaeram","translation":"whom untimely Night bore, and Megaera of Tartarus with them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l846.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quas","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tartaream","lemma":"tartareus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Tartarus"},{"surface":"Nox","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Night"},{"surface":"intempesta","lemma":"intempestus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"untimely"},{"surface":"Megaeram","lemma":"megaera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Megaera"}]},{"number":847,"label":"847","id":"b12-l847","source":"uno eodemque tulit partu paribusque revinxit","translation":"at one and the same birth, and wound about them equally","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l847.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"uno","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"eodemque","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"tulit","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"partu","lemma":"partus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"birth"},{"surface":"paribusque","lemma":"par","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"revinxit","lemma":"reuincio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wound about"}]},{"number":848,"label":"848","id":"b12-l848","source":"serpentum spiris ventosasque addidit alas.","translation":"the coils of serpents, and added wings of wind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l848.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"serpentum","lemma":"serpens","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of serpents"},{"surface":"spiris","lemma":"spira","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"coils"},{"surface":"ventosasque","lemma":"uentosus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of wind"},{"surface":"addidit","lemma":"addo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"added"},{"surface":"alas","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"wings"}]},{"number":849,"label":"849","id":"b12-l849","source":"Hae Iovis ad solium saevique in limine regis","translation":"These appear at Jove's throne and on the threshold of the savage","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l849.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hae","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"Iovis","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Jove's"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"solium","lemma":"solium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"saevique","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"limine","lemma":"limen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"regis","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":850,"label":"850","id":"b12-l850","source":"adparent acuuntque metum mortalibus aegris,","translation":"king, and sharpen the fear of sick mortals,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l850.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adparent","lemma":"appareo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"appear"},{"surface":"acuuntque","lemma":"acuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sharpen"},{"surface":"metum","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"mortalibus","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"aegris","lemma":"aeger","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sick"}]},{"number":851,"label":"851","id":"b12-l851","source":"siquando letum horrificum morbosque deum rex","translation":"whenever the king of the gods sets a horrible death or diseases in motion,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l851.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"siquando","lemma":"siquando","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"letum","lemma":"letum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"horrificum","lemma":"horrificus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"horrible"},{"surface":"morbosque","lemma":"morbus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"diseases"},{"surface":"deum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"rex","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":852,"label":"852","id":"b12-l852","source":"molitur meritas aut bello territat urbes.","translation":"or terrifies with war the cities that have earned it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l852.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"molitur","lemma":"molior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"sets in motion"},{"surface":"meritas","lemma":"mereor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having earned"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"territat","lemma":"territo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"terrifies"},{"surface":"urbes","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cities"}]},{"number":853,"label":"853","id":"b12-l853","source":"Harum unam celerem demisit ab aethere summo","translation":"One of these, the swift one, Jupiter sent down from the top of the air","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l853.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Harum","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"unam","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"celerem","lemma":"celer","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"demisit","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent down"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"aethere","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the air"},{"surface":"summo","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"top of"}]},{"number":854,"label":"854","id":"b12-l854","source":"Iuppiter inque omen Iuturnae occurrere iussit.","translation":"and ordered her to go and meet Juturna, and be a sign.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l854.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"inque","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"as","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"omen","lemma":"omen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"a sign"},{"surface":"Iuturnae","lemma":"iuturna","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Juturna"},{"surface":"occurrere","lemma":"occurro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to meet"},{"surface":"iussit","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"}]},{"number":855,"label":"855","id":"b12-l855","source":"Illa volat celerique ad terram turbine fertur.","translation":"She flies, and is carried to the ground in a fast whirlwind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l855.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"volat","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"celerique","lemma":"celer","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"terram","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"turbine","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"whirlwind"},{"surface":"fertur","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is carried"}]},{"number":856,"label":"856","id":"b12-l856","source":"Non secus ac nervo per nubem impulsa sagitta,","translation":"Just as an arrow driven from a bowstring through a cloud,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l856.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"secus","lemma":"secus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"nervo","lemma":"neruus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from a bowstring"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"nubem","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"a cloud"},{"surface":"impulsa","lemma":"impello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been driven on"},{"surface":"sagitta","lemma":"sagitta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":857,"label":"857","id":"b12-l857","source":"armatam saevi Parthus quam felle veneni,","translation":"which a Parthian has armed with the gall of a savage poison,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l857.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"armatam","lemma":"armo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"armed"},{"surface":"saevi","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"Parthus","lemma":"parthus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"a Parthian"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"felle","lemma":"fel","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the gall"},{"surface":"veneni","lemma":"uenenum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"poison"}]},{"number":858,"label":"858","id":"b12-l858","source":"Parthus sive Cydon, telum immedicabile, torsit,","translation":"a Parthian, or a Cydonian, and hurled, a weapon past curing,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l858.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Parthus","lemma":"parthus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"a Parthian"},{"surface":"sive","lemma":"siue","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or if"},{"surface":"Cydon","lemma":"cydon","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"a Cydonian"},{"surface":"telum","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"weapon"},{"surface":"immedicabile","lemma":"immedicabilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"past curing"},{"surface":"torsit","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"twisted"}]},{"number":859,"label":"859","id":"b12-l859","source":"stridens et celeris incognita transilit umbras:","translation":"and it leaps whistling and unseen through the quick shadows:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l859.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"stridens","lemma":"strideo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"creaking"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"celeris","lemma":"celer","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quick"},{"surface":"incognita","lemma":"incognitus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unseen"},{"surface":"transilit","lemma":"transilio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaps through"},{"surface":"umbras","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"shadows"}]},{"number":860,"label":"860","id":"b12-l860","source":"talis se sata Nocte tulit terrasque petivit.","translation":"so the daughter of Night carried herself, and made for the earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l860.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"talis","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"sata","lemma":"sero","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the daughter"},{"surface":"Nocte","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"tulit","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"terrasque","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"petivit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"made for"}]},{"number":861,"label":"861","id":"b12-l861","source":"Postquam acies videt Iliacas atque agmina Turni,","translation":"When she sees the Ilian lines and the columns of Turnus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l861.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the lines"},{"surface":"videt","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"Iliacas","lemma":"iliacus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Ilian"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":862,"label":"862","id":"b12-l862","source":"alitis in parvae subitam conlecta figuram,","translation":"she is suddenly shrunk into the shape of a small bird,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l862.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"alitis","lemma":"ales","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of a bird"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"parvae","lemma":"paruus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"subitam","lemma":"subitus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sudden"},{"surface":"conlecta","lemma":"colligo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shrunk together"},{"surface":"figuram","lemma":"figura","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shape"}]},{"number":863,"label":"863","id":"b12-l863","source":"quae quondam in bustis aut culminibus desertis","translation":"the kind that sometimes sits at night on tombs or on abandoned","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l863.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the kind that"},{"surface":"quondam","lemma":"quondam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"sometimes"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"bustis","lemma":"bustum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"tombs"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"culminibus","lemma":"culmen","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"roof ridges"},{"surface":"desertis","lemma":"desertus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"abandoned"}]},{"number":864,"label":"864","id":"b12-l864","source":"nocte sedens serum canit importuna per umbras,","translation":"roof ridges, and sings late through the dark, unwelcome:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l864.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nocte","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"sedens","lemma":"sedeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"serum","lemma":"serus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"late"},{"surface":"canit","lemma":"cano","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sings"},{"surface":"importuna","lemma":"importunus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unwelcome"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"umbras","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the dark"}]},{"number":865,"label":"865","id":"b12-l865","source":"hanc versa in faciem Turni se pestis ob ora","translation":"turned into this shape, the plague carries herself before Turnus'","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l865.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"versa","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having turned"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"faciem","lemma":"facies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shape"},{"surface":"Turni","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"pestis","lemma":"pestis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the plague"},{"surface":"ob","lemma":"ob","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":866,"label":"866","id":"b12-l866","source":"fertque refertque sonans clipeumque everberat alis.","translation":"face, back and forth, sounding, and beats his shield with her wings.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l866.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fertque","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"refertque","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"brings back"},{"surface":"sonans","lemma":"sono","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sounding"},{"surface":"clipeumque","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"shield"},{"surface":"everberat","lemma":"euerbero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beats violently"},{"surface":"alis","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wings"}]},{"number":867,"label":"867","id":"b12-l867","source":"Olli membra novus solvit formidine torpor,","translation":"A strange numbness loosened his limbs with terror,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l867.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"membra ... solvit","title":"A phrase that returns later","body":"membra solvit, 'loosened his limbs', names cold or fear taking the strength from a body. The same verb and noun return in the poem's final lines, describing Turnus' limbs loosened again, that time by death."}],"words":[{"surface":"Olli","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"membra","lemma":"membrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"novus","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"solvit","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosened"},{"surface":"formidine","lemma":"formido","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with terror"},{"surface":"torpor","lemma":"torpor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"numbness"}]},{"number":868,"label":"868","id":"b12-l868","source":"adrectaeque horrore comae, et vox faucibus haesit.","translation":"his hair stood up in a shudder, and his voice stuck in his throat.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l868.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adrectaeque","lemma":"arrigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"stood up"},{"surface":"horrore","lemma":"horror","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a shudder"},{"surface":"comae","lemma":"coma","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"his hair"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vox","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"faucibus","lemma":"fauces","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his throat"},{"surface":"haesit","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stuck"}]},{"number":869,"label":"869","id":"b12-l869","source":"At procul ut Dirae stridorem adgnovit et alas,","translation":"But when from far off Juturna knew the Dira's screech and her wings,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l869.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"procul","lemma":"procul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Dirae","lemma":"dira","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"the Dira's"},{"surface":"stridorem","lemma":"stridor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"screech"},{"surface":"adgnovit","lemma":"agnosco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alas","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"wings"}]},{"number":870,"label":"870","id":"b12-l870","source":"infelix crinis scindit Iuturna solutos,","translation":"the unlucky one tears at her loosened hair,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l870.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"the unlucky one"},{"surface":"crinis","lemma":"crinis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hairs"},{"surface":"scindit","lemma":"scindo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"Iuturna","lemma":"iuturna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juturna"},{"surface":"solutos","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having loosened"}]},{"number":871,"label":"871","id":"b12-l871","source":"unguibus ora soror foedans et pectora pugnis:","translation":"the sister, fouling her face with her nails and her breast with her fists:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l871.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"unguibus","lemma":"unguis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with her nails"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"the sister"},{"surface":"foedans","lemma":"foedo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fouling"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"chests"},{"surface":"pugnis","lemma":"pugnus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fists"}]},{"number":872,"label":"872","id":"b12-l872","source":"“Quid nunc te tua, Turne, potest germana iuvare?","translation":"“What can your own sister do for you now, Turnus?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l872.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Turne","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"potest","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"germana","lemma":"germana","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"sister, own sister"},{"surface":"iuvare","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"do for you"}]},{"number":873,"label":"873","id":"b12-l873","source":"Aut quid iam durae superat mihi? Qua tibi lucem","translation":"Or what is left over for me, hardened as I am? By what art","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l873.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"durae","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hardened"},{"surface":"superat","lemma":"supero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is left over"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"Qua","lemma":"qua","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by what"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"lucem","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the daylight"}]},{"number":874,"label":"874","id":"b12-l874","source":"arte morer? Talin possum me opponere monstro?","translation":"can I hold the daylight for you? Can I set myself against a thing like that?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l874.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arte","lemma":"ars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by art"},{"surface":"morer","lemma":"moror","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"Talin","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, dative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"possum","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"can I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"opponere","lemma":"oppono","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to set"},{"surface":"monstro","lemma":"monstrum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"monster"}]},{"number":875,"label":"875","id":"b12-l875","source":"Iam iam linquo acies. Ne me terrete timentem,","translation":"Now, now I leave the lines. Do not frighten me, I am afraid already,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l875.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"linquo","lemma":"linquo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"acies","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the lines"},{"surface":"Ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"terrete","lemma":"terreo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"frighten"},{"surface":"timentem","lemma":"timeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"afraid"}]},{"number":876,"label":"876","id":"b12-l876","source":"obscenae volucres: alarum verbera nosco","translation":"you birds of ill omen: I know the beating of those wings","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l876.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obscenae","lemma":"obscenus","morphology":"adjective, vocative plural feminine","role":"address","gloss":"ill-omened"},{"surface":"volucres","lemma":"uolucris","morphology":"noun, vocative plural feminine","role":"address","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"alarum","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"verbera","lemma":"uerber","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the beating"},{"surface":"nosco","lemma":"nosco","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"get to know"}]},{"number":877,"label":"877","id":"b12-l877","source":"letalemque sonum, nec fallunt iussa superba","translation":"and the deadly sound, and the proud orders of great-hearted","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l877.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"letalemque","lemma":"letalis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"sonum","lemma":"sonus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"fallunt","lemma":"fallo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"escape me"},{"surface":"iussa","lemma":"iussum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"order, command"},{"surface":"superba","lemma":"superbus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":878,"label":"878","id":"b12-l878","source":"magnanimi Iovis. Haec pro virginitate reponit?","translation":"Jove do not escape me. Is this what he pays me back for my virginity?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l878.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"magnanimi","lemma":"magnanimus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Iovis","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Jove"},{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"virginitate","lemma":"uirginitas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"my virginity"},{"surface":"reponit","lemma":"repono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"puts back"}]},{"number":879,"label":"879","id":"b12-l879","source":"Quo vitam dedit aeternam? Cur mortis ademptast","translation":"To what end did he give me a life without end? Why has the right","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l879.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"to what end"},{"surface":"vitam","lemma":"uita","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did he give"},{"surface":"aeternam","lemma":"aeternus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"without end"},{"surface":"Cur","lemma":"cur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"mortis","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of dying"},{"surface":"ademptast","lemma":"adimo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been taken away"}]},{"number":880,"label":"880","id":"b12-l880","source":"condicio? Possem tantos finire dolores","translation":"of dying been taken from me? Now, certainly, I could make an end","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l880.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"condicio","lemma":"condicio","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the right"},{"surface":"Possem","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I could"},{"surface":"tantos","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such great"},{"surface":"finire","lemma":"finio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"make an end"},{"surface":"dolores","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"pain"}]},{"number":881,"label":"881","id":"b12-l881","source":"nunc certe et misero fratri comes ire per umbras!","translation":"of such great pain, and go as my poor brother's companion through the shades!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l881.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"certe","lemma":"certe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"misero","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"fratri","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"comes","lemma":"comes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"ire","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"umbras","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the shades"}]},{"number":882,"label":"882","id":"b12-l882","source":"Immortalis ego? Aut quicquam mihi dulce meorum","translation":"Immortal, I? Or will anything of mine be sweet to me","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l882.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Immortalis","lemma":"immortalis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quicquam","lemma":"quisquam","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"dulce","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"meorum","lemma":"meus","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of mine"}]},{"number":883,"label":"883","id":"b12-l883","source":"te sine, frater, erit? O quae satis ima dehiscet","translation":"without you, brother? Oh, what earth will gape deep enough","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l883.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sine","lemma":"sine","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"frater","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"erit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will there be"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"satis","lemma":"satis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"ima","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"dehiscet","lemma":"dehisco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will gape"}]},{"number":884,"label":"884","id":"b12-l884","source":"terra mihi Manisque deam demittet ad imos?”","translation":"for me, and send a goddess down to the lowest Shades?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l884.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"Manisque","lemma":"manes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Manes"},{"surface":"deam","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"demittet","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will send down"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"imos","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lowest"}]},{"number":885,"label":"885","id":"b12-l885","source":"Tantum effata caput glauco contexit amictu","translation":"Having said only this, she covered her head with a blue-grey cloak,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l885.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tantum","lemma":"tantum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"effata","lemma":"effor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having said"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"glauco","lemma":"glaucus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"blue-grey"},{"surface":"contexit","lemma":"contego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered up"},{"surface":"amictu","lemma":"amictus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cloak"}]},{"number":886,"label":"886","id":"b12-l886","source":"multa gemens et se fluvio dea condidit alto.","translation":"groaning much, and the goddess hid herself deep in her river.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l886.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"gemens","lemma":"gemo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular","role":"object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"fluvio","lemma":"fluuius","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in her river"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"condidit","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hid"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"}]},{"number":887,"label":"887","id":"b12-l887","source":"Aeneas instat contra telumque coruscat","translation":"Aeneas presses on against him and makes his spear flash,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l887.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"instat","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presses on"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"telumque","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"his spear"},{"surface":"coruscat","lemma":"corusco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes flash"}]},{"number":888,"label":"888","id":"b12-l888","source":"ingens arboreum et saevo sic pectore fatur:","translation":"huge, a tree of a thing, and speaks so out of a savage heart:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l888.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"arboreum","lemma":"arboreus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"a tree of a thing"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"saevo","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"out of a heart"},{"surface":"fatur","lemma":"for","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"}]},{"number":889,"label":"889","id":"b12-l889","source":"“Quae nunc deinde mora est? Aut quid iam, Turne, retractas?","translation":"“What is the delay now, after all this? Why do you draw back, Turnus?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l889.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mora","title":"One word, first line to last","body":"mora, 'delay', is the word Turnus used of himself in the book's opening lines, saying there is no delay in him. Aeneas repeats the same word back to him here, near the end of the fight."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"deinde","lemma":"deinde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"after all this"},{"surface":"mora","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the delay"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Turne","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"retractas","lemma":"retracto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you draw back"}]},{"number":890,"label":"890","id":"b12-l890","source":"Non cursu, saevis certandum est comminus armis.","translation":"It is not to be settled by running, but hand to hand, with savage arms.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l890.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"cursu","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by running"},{"surface":"saevis","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"certandum","lemma":"certo","morphology":"gerundive, nominative singular neuter","role":"obligation","gloss":"to be settled"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"comminus","lemma":"comminus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"hand to hand"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with arms"}]},{"number":891,"label":"891","id":"b12-l891","source":"Verte omnis tete in facies et contrahe quidquid","translation":"Turn yourself into every shape, and gather whatever you can do","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l891.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Verte","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"tete","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"facies","lemma":"facies","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shapes"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"contrahe","lemma":"contraho","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"gather"},{"surface":"quidquid","lemma":"quisquis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"whatever"}]},{"number":892,"label":"892","id":"b12-l892","source":"sive animis sive arte vales; opta ardua pennis","translation":"by courage or by craft; choose to follow the steep stars","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l892.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sive","lemma":"siue","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"animis","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by courage"},{"surface":"sive","lemma":"siue","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or if"},{"surface":"arte","lemma":"ars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by craft"},{"surface":"vales","lemma":"ualeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have power"},{"surface":"opta","lemma":"opto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"choose"},{"surface":"ardua","lemma":"arduus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"pennis","lemma":"penna","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on wings"}]},{"number":893,"label":"893","id":"b12-l893","source":"astra sequi clausumve cava te condere terra.”","translation":"on wings, or to shut yourself away in the hollow earth.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l893.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"astra","lemma":"astrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"sequi","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"clausumve","lemma":"claudo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shut up"},{"surface":"cava","lemma":"cauus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"condere","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to hide"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in earth"}]},{"number":894,"label":"894","id":"b12-l894","source":"Ille caput quassans “Non me tua fervida terrent","translation":"He, shaking his head: “Your burning words do not frighten me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l894.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"quassans","lemma":"quasso","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaking"},{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"fervida","lemma":"feruidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"terrent","lemma":"terreo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"frighten"}]},{"number":895,"label":"895","id":"b12-l895","source":"dicta, ferox: di me terrent et Iuppiter hostis.”","translation":"savage as you are: the gods frighten me, and Jupiter my enemy.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l895.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ferox","lemma":"ferox","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"savage one"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"terrent","lemma":"terreo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"frighten"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"hostis","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"as my enemy"}]},{"number":896,"label":"896","id":"b12-l896","source":"Nec plura effatus saxum circumspicit ingens,","translation":"He said no more, but looks around for an enormous stone,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l896.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"plura","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter, comparative","role":"object","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"effatus","lemma":"effor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having said"},{"surface":"saxum","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"a stone"},{"surface":"circumspicit","lemma":"circumspicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"looks around"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"enormous"}]},{"number":897,"label":"897","id":"b12-l897","source":"saxum antiquum ingens, campo quod forte iacebat,","translation":"an ancient enormous stone that happened to be lying on the plain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l897.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"saxum","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"antiquum","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"campo","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the plain"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"forte","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"happened to"},{"surface":"iacebat","lemma":"iaceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was lying"}]},{"number":898,"label":"898","id":"b12-l898","source":"limes agro positus, litem ut discerneret arvis.","translation":"set as a boundary mark, to settle a dispute over the ploughland.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l898.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"limes","lemma":"limes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"a boundary mark"},{"surface":"agro","lemma":"ager","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"positus","lemma":"pono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been placed"},{"surface":"litem","lemma":"lis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"a dispute"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"discerneret","lemma":"discerno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"settle"},{"surface":"arvis","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"over the ploughland"}]},{"number":899,"label":"899","id":"b12-l899","source":"Vix illud lecti bis sex cervice subirent,","translation":"Twice six picked men could hardly get their necks under it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l899.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vix","lemma":"uix","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"hardly"},{"surface":"illud","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lecti","lemma":"lego","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"picked men"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"twice"},{"surface":"sex","lemma":"sex","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"cervice","lemma":"ceruix","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"neck, nape"},{"surface":"subirent","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"get under"}]},{"number":900,"label":"900","id":"b12-l900","source":"qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellus:","translation":"of the sort of bodies the earth brings forth now:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l900.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qualia","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"of what kind"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hominum","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"producit","lemma":"produco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"brings forward"},{"surface":"corpora","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"tellus","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":901,"label":"901","id":"b12-l901","source":"ille manu raptum trepida torquebat in hostem","translation":"he snatched it up in a shaking hand and was hurling it at his enemy,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l901.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"raptum","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"snatched up"},{"surface":"trepida","lemma":"trepidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaking"},{"surface":"torquebat","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was hurling"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"hostem","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"his enemy"}]},{"number":902,"label":"902","id":"b12-l902","source":"altior insurgens et cursu concitus heros.","translation":"the hero, rising to his full height and driven on by his run.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l902.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"altior","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"rising to full height"},{"surface":"insurgens","lemma":"insurgo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rising up"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cursu","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by his run"},{"surface":"concitus","lemma":"concieo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven on"},{"surface":"heros","lemma":"heros","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":903,"label":"903","id":"b12-l903","source":"Sed neque currentem se nec cognoscit euntem","translation":"But he does not know himself running, nor going forward,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l903.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"currentem","lemma":"curro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"runing"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"cognoscit","lemma":"cognosco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"does he know"},{"surface":"euntem","lemma":"eo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":904,"label":"904","id":"b12-l904","source":"tollentemve manus saxumve immane moventem;","translation":"nor lifting his hands, nor shifting the monstrous stone;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l904.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tollentemve","lemma":"tollo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raising"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"saxumve","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the stone"},{"surface":"immane","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"moventem","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"moving"}]},{"number":905,"label":"905","id":"b12-l905","source":"genua labant, gelidus concrevit frigore sanguis.","translation":"his knees give way, his blood has thickened with cold.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l905.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"genua","lemma":"genu","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"labant","lemma":"labo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"give way"},{"surface":"gelidus","lemma":"gelidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"concrevit","lemma":"concresco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"thickened"},{"surface":"frigore","lemma":"frigus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"sanguis","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":906,"label":"906","id":"b12-l906","source":"Tum lapis ipse viri, vacuum per inane volutus,","translation":"Then the man's stone itself, rolled through the empty void,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l906.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"lapis","lemma":"lapis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"vacuum","lemma":"uacuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"inane","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the void"},{"surface":"volutus","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rolled"}]},{"number":907,"label":"907","id":"b12-l907","source":"nec spatium evasit totum neque pertulit ictum.","translation":"neither crossed the whole distance nor carried its blow home.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l907.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"spatium","lemma":"spatium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the distance"},{"surface":"evasit","lemma":"euado","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"totum","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"pertulit","lemma":"perfero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries through"},{"surface":"ictum","lemma":"ictus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"blow"}]},{"number":908,"label":"908","id":"b12-l908","source":"Ac velut in somnis, oculos ubi languida pressit","translation":"And as in dreams, when at night a heavy rest has pressed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l908.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ac","lemma":"ac","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"velut","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as in"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"somnis","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"dreams"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"languida","lemma":"languidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"pressit","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"pressed"}]},{"number":909,"label":"909","id":"b12-l909","source":"nocte quies, nequiquam avidos extendere cursus","translation":"our eyes down, we seem to want to stretch out an eager run","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l909.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nocte","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"quies","lemma":"quies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"nequiquam","lemma":"nequiquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"avidos","lemma":"auidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"extendere","lemma":"extendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to stretch out"},{"surface":"cursus","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"courses"}]},{"number":910,"label":"910","id":"b12-l910","source":"velle videmur et in mediis conatibus aegri","translation":"and cannot, and in the middle of the trying we sink down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l910.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"velle","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to want"},{"surface":"videmur","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"we seem"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mediis","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the middle of"},{"surface":"conatibus","lemma":"conatus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the trying"},{"surface":"aegri","lemma":"aeger","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sick"}]},{"number":911,"label":"911","id":"b12-l911","source":"succidimus, non lingua valet, non corpore notae","translation":"sick; the tongue has no power, the strength we know in the body","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l911.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"succidimus","lemma":"succido","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"we sink down"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lingua","lemma":"lingua","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"tongue"},{"surface":"valet","lemma":"ualeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has power"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"notae","lemma":"notus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"known"}]},{"number":912,"label":"912","id":"b12-l912","source":"sufficiunt vires, nec vox aut verba sequuntur:","translation":"is not there, and neither voice nor words will follow:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l912.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sufficiunt","lemma":"sufficio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is there"},{"surface":"vires","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the strength"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and neither"},{"surface":"vox","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"verba","lemma":"uerbum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"sequuntur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":913,"label":"913","id":"b12-l913","source":"sic Turno, quacumque viam virtute petivit,","translation":"so for Turnus, by whatever courage he looked for a way,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l913.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Turno","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Turnus"},{"surface":"quacumque","lemma":"quicumque","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"by whatever"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"a way"},{"surface":"virtute","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"petivit","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"he looked for"}]},{"number":914,"label":"914","id":"b12-l914","source":"successum dea dira negat. Tum pectore sensus","translation":"the dread goddess refuses the outcome. Then in his breast","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l914.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"successum","lemma":"successus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the outcome"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"dira","lemma":"dirus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"negat","lemma":"nego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"refuses"},{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in his breast"},{"surface":"sensus","lemma":"sensus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"feelings"}]},{"number":915,"label":"915","id":"b12-l915","source":"vertuntur varii. Rutulos aspectat et urbem","translation":"his feelings turn every way. He looks at the Rutulians and the city,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l915.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vertuntur","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"varii","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"every way"},{"surface":"Rutulos","lemma":"rutuli","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"aspectat","lemma":"aspecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"looks"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":916,"label":"916","id":"b12-l916","source":"cunctaturque metu letumque instare tremescit;","translation":"and hangs back in fear, and trembles at the death standing over him;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l916.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cunctaturque","lemma":"cunctor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"hangs back"},{"surface":"metu","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"letumque","lemma":"letum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"deaths"},{"surface":"instare","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"standing over"},{"surface":"tremescit","lemma":"tremesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"trembles"}]},{"number":917,"label":"917","id":"b12-l917","source":"nec quo se eripiat, nec qua vi tendat in hostem,","translation":"and he sees nowhere to break away to, no force to drive at his enemy,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l917.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and no"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"eripiat","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"snatches away"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"tendat","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"he might drive"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"hostem","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"his enemy"}]},{"number":918,"label":"918","id":"b12-l918","source":"nec currus usquam videt aurigamve sororem.","translation":"nor the chariot anywhere, nor his sister the driver.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l918.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"currus","lemma":"currus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"usquam","lemma":"usquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"videt","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"aurigamve","lemma":"auriga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the driver"},{"surface":"sororem","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"his sister"}]},{"number":919,"label":"919","id":"b12-l919","source":"Cunctanti telum Aeneas fatale coruscat,","translation":"As he hangs back, Aeneas makes the fated spear flash,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l919.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cunctanti","lemma":"cunctor","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"as he hangs back"},{"surface":"telum","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"fatale","lemma":"fatalis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fated"},{"surface":"coruscat","lemma":"corusco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes flash"}]},{"number":920,"label":"920","id":"b12-l920","source":"sortitus fortunam oculis, et corpore toto","translation":"picking his chance with his eyes, and with his whole body behind it","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l920.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sortitus fortunam oculis","title":"Choosing described as drawing lots","body":"sortiri means to draw lots, normally for chance selection. sortitus fortunam oculis, 'having drawn his fortune with his eyes', describes Aeneas choosing where to strike, using the verb for casting lots rather than the ordinary word for aiming."}],"words":[{"surface":"sortitus","lemma":"sortior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having picked"},{"surface":"fortunam","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"his chance"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"toto","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"}]},{"number":921,"label":"921","id":"b12-l921","source":"eminus intorquet. Murali concita numquam","translation":"hurls it from a distance. Stones driven from a siege engine","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l921.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"eminus","lemma":"eminus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from a distance"},{"surface":"intorquet","lemma":"intorqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurls"},{"surface":"Murali","lemma":"muralis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"siege"},{"surface":"concita","lemma":"concieo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"numquam","lemma":"numquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"never"}]},{"number":922,"label":"922","id":"b12-l922","source":"tormento sic saxa fremunt, nec fulmine tanti","translation":"against a wall never roar so, nor do crashes so great leap out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l922.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tormento","lemma":"tormentum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from an engine"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"saxa","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"fremunt","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"fulmine","lemma":"fulmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from a thunderbolt"},{"surface":"tanti","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"}]},{"number":923,"label":"923","id":"b12-l923","source":"dissultant crepitus. Volat atri turbinis instar","translation":"from a thunderbolt. The spear flies, the likeness of a black whirlwind,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l923.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dissultant","lemma":"dissulto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leap out"},{"surface":"crepitus","lemma":"crepitus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"crashes"},{"surface":"Volat","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"atri","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"turbinis","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"whirlwind"},{"surface":"instar","lemma":"instar","morphology":"noun, indeclinable","role":"predicate","gloss":"the likeness"}]},{"number":924,"label":"924","id":"b12-l924","source":"exitium dirum hasta ferens orasque recludit","translation":"carrying dread destruction, and lays open the edges","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l924.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exitium","lemma":"exitium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"destruction"},{"surface":"dirum","lemma":"dirus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ferens","lemma":"fero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"orasque","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"edges"},{"surface":"recludit","lemma":"recludo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"opens"}]},{"number":925,"label":"925","id":"b12-l925","source":"loricae et clipei extremos septemplicis orbes.","translation":"of the corselet and the outermost circles of the sevenfold shield.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l925.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"loricae","lemma":"lorica","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the corselet"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"clipei","lemma":"clipeus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"shields"},{"surface":"extremos","lemma":"extremus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"outermost"},{"surface":"septemplicis","lemma":"septemplex","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sevenfold"},{"surface":"orbes","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"circles"}]},{"number":926,"label":"926","id":"b12-l926","source":"Per medium stridens transit femur. Incidit ictus","translation":"It goes whistling through the middle of the thigh. Struck by the blow,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l926.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"medium","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the middle of"},{"surface":"stridens","lemma":"strideo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"creaking"},{"surface":"transit","lemma":"transeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes through"},{"surface":"femur","lemma":"femur","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"thigh"},{"surface":"Incidit","lemma":"incido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"falls upon"},{"surface":"ictus","lemma":"icio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"struck"}]},{"number":927,"label":"927","id":"b12-l927","source":"ingens ad terram duplicato poplite Turnus.","translation":"huge Turnus goes down to the ground with his knee doubled under him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l927.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"terram","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"duplicato","lemma":"duplico","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been doubled"},{"surface":"poplite","lemma":"poples","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"knee"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":928,"label":"928","id":"b12-l928","source":"Consurgunt gemitu Rutuli, totusque remugit","translation":"The Rutulians rise up with a groan, and the whole mountain","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l928.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Consurgunt","lemma":"consurgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"gemitu","lemma":"gemitus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"Rutuli","lemma":"rutuli","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rutulians"},{"surface":"totusque","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"remugit","lemma":"remugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bellows back"}]},{"number":929,"label":"929","id":"b12-l929","source":"mons circum, et vocem late nemora alta remittunt.","translation":"bellows around, and the high woods send the sound back far.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l929.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mons","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vocem","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the sound"},{"surface":"late","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"nemora","lemma":"nemus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"woods"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"remittunt","lemma":"remitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"send back"}]},{"number":930,"label":"930","id":"b12-l930","source":"Ille humilis supplexque oculos, dextramque precantem","translation":"He, low and a suppliant, holding out his eyes and his right hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l930.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"humilis","lemma":"humilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"supplexque","lemma":"supplex","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"a suppliant"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"dextramque","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"precantem","lemma":"precor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in prayer"}]},{"number":931,"label":"931","id":"b12-l931","source":"protendens, “Equidem merui nec deprecor,” inquit:","translation":"in prayer, “I have earned it, and I do not ask to be let off,” he says:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l931.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"protendens","lemma":"protendo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"holding out"},{"surface":"Equidem","lemma":"equidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"merui","lemma":"mereo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"earned"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"deprecor","lemma":"deprecor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg off"},{"surface":"inquit","lemma":"inquam","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"}]},{"number":932,"label":"932","id":"b12-l932","source":"“utere sorte tua. Miseri te siqua parentis","translation":"“use your fortune. If any care for a wretched father","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l932.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"utere","lemma":"utor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"sorte","lemma":"sors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Miseri","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"siqua","lemma":"siquis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"parentis","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"father's"}]},{"number":933,"label":"933","id":"b12-l933","source":"tangere cura potest, oro (fuit et tibi talis","translation":"can touch you, I beg you (and you had such a father too,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l933.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tangere","lemma":"tango","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to touch"},{"surface":"cura","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"potest","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"talis","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"such"}]},{"number":934,"label":"934","id":"b12-l934","source":"Anchises genitor), Dauni miserere senectae","translation":"Anchises), pity the old age of Daunus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l934.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anchises","lemma":"anchises","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Anchises"},{"surface":"genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Dauni","lemma":"daunus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Daunus"},{"surface":"miserere","lemma":"misereor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"senectae","lemma":"senecta","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"old age"}]},{"number":935,"label":"935","id":"b12-l935","source":"et me seu corpus spoliatum lumine mavis","translation":"and give me back to my own people, or, if you would rather, my body","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l935.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"seu","lemma":"seu","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or if"},{"surface":"corpus","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"spoliatum","lemma":"spolio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"stripped"},{"surface":"lumine","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"mavis","lemma":"malo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you would rather"}]},{"number":936,"label":"936","id":"b12-l936","source":"redde meis. Vicisti, et victum tendere palmas","translation":"with the light taken out of it. You have won, and the Ausonians","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l936.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"redde","lemma":"reddo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"give back"},{"surface":"meis","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"my people"},{"surface":"Vicisti","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have won"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"victum","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"a beaten man"},{"surface":"tendere","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to stretch"},{"surface":"palmas","lemma":"palma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"palms"}]},{"number":937,"label":"937","id":"b12-l937","source":"Ausonii videre; tua est Lavinia coniunx:","translation":"have seen a beaten man stretch out his palms; Lavinia is your wife;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l937.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ausonii","lemma":"ausonius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Ausonians"},{"surface":"videre","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have seen"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Lavinia","lemma":"lauinia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Lavinia"},{"surface":"coniunx","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":938,"label":"938","id":"b12-l938","source":"ulterius ne tende odiis.” Stetit acer in armis","translation":"do not reach out further in hatred.” Aeneas stood, keen","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l938.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ulterius","lemma":"ulterior","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tende","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"reach out"},{"surface":"odiis","lemma":"odium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in hatred"},{"surface":"Stetit","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"acer","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"keen"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"his arms"}]},{"number":939,"label":"939","id":"b12-l939","source":"Aeneas, volvens oculos, dextramque repressit;","translation":"in his arms, rolling his eyes, and held his right hand back;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l939.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dextramque repressit","title":"The hand that swore treaties, checked","body":"dextram, 'right hand', is the hand used earlier in the poem to swear the treaty and to offer peace unarmed. repressit, 'he held back', stops that same hand in mid motion, held there while a speech is made to him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"volvens","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"dextramque","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"repressit","lemma":"reprimo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed back"}]},{"number":940,"label":"940","id":"b12-l940","source":"et iam iamque magis cunctantem flectere sermo","translation":"and now, more and more, the words had begun to bend him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l940.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"magis","lemma":"magis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"cunctantem","lemma":"cunctor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"as he hesitated"},{"surface":"flectere","lemma":"flecto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to bend"},{"surface":"sermo","lemma":"sermo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the words"}]},{"number":941,"label":"941","id":"b12-l941","source":"coeperat, infelix umero cum apparuit alto","translation":"as he hesitated, when high on the shoulder the unlucky sword-belt","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l941.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"coeperat","lemma":"coepio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had begun"},{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"umero","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the shoulder"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"apparuit","lemma":"appareo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":942,"label":"942","id":"b12-l942","source":"balteus et notis fulserunt cingula bullis","translation":"came into sight, and the straps shone with the studs he knew,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l942.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"balteus","lemma":"balteus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"belt"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"notis","lemma":"notus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"fulserunt","lemma":"fulgeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"flashed"},{"surface":"cingula","lemma":"cingulum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"the straps"},{"surface":"bullis","lemma":"bulla","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"studs"}]},{"number":943,"label":"943","id":"b12-l943","source":"Pallantis pueri, victum quem volnere Turnus","translation":"of the boy Pallas, whom Turnus had beaten with a wound","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l943.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pallantis","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"pueri","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"boys"},{"surface":"victum","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beaten"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"volnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"Turnus","lemma":"turnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Turnus"}]},{"number":944,"label":"944","id":"b12-l944","source":"straverat atque umeris inimicum insigne gerebat.","translation":"and laid low, and whose badge he was wearing on his shoulders as an enemy's.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l944.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"straverat","lemma":"sterno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had laid low"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"umeris","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"inimicum","lemma":"inimicus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"enemy's"},{"surface":"insigne","lemma":"insigne","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"badge"},{"surface":"gerebat","lemma":"gero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was wearing"}]},{"number":945,"label":"945","id":"b12-l945","source":"Ille, oculis postquam saevi monimenta doloris","translation":"When he had drunk in with his eyes the reminders of a savage grief","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l945.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"saevi","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"monimenta","lemma":"monimentum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"reminders"},{"surface":"doloris","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":946,"label":"946","id":"b12-l946","source":"exuviasque hausit, furiis accensus et ira","translation":"and the spoils, kindled by furies and terrible in his","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l946.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exuviasque","lemma":"exuuiae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the spoils","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"hausit","lemma":"haurio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"drank in"},{"surface":"furiis","lemma":"furia","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by furies"},{"surface":"accensus","lemma":"accendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"kindled"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ira","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in anger"}]},{"number":947,"label":"947","id":"b12-l947","source":"terribilis, “Tune hinc spoliis indute meorum","translation":"anger, he says: “Are you, dressed in the plunder of my own people,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l947.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terribilis","lemma":"terribilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"Tune","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"spoliis","lemma":"spolium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the plunder"},{"surface":"indute","lemma":"induo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"meorum","lemma":"meus","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of my own people"}]},{"number":948,"label":"948","id":"b12-l948","source":"eripiare mihi? Pallas te hoc volnere, Pallas","translation":"to be torn from me now? Pallas, Pallas with this wound","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l948.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"eripiare","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are snatched away"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Pallas","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"volnere","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"Pallas","lemma":"pallas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pallas"}]},{"number":949,"label":"949","id":"b12-l949","source":"immolat et poenam scelerato ex sanguine sumit,”","translation":"makes a sacrifice of you, and takes his penalty out of your guilty blood,”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l949.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"immolat","title":"The verb for a sacrifice","body":"immolat, 'sacrifices', is the verb for killing a victim at an altar, the same rite performed earlier to seal the treaty. Aeneas is described as saying that Pallas immolat, sacrifices, Turnus, rather than that Aeneas himself kills him."}],"words":[{"surface":"immolat","lemma":"immolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes a sacrifice of"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"poenam","lemma":"poena","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"penalty"},{"surface":"scelerato","lemma":"sceleratus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"guilty"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"sumit","lemma":"sumo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes up"}]},{"number":950,"label":"950","id":"b12-l950","source":"hoc dicens ferrum adverso sub pectore condit","translation":"and saying this he buries the iron in the chest facing him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l950.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"dicens","lemma":"dico","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"ferrum","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"adverso","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"facing him"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the chest"},{"surface":"condit","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"buries"}]},{"number":951,"label":"951","id":"b12-l951","source":"fervidus. Ast illi solvuntur frigore membra","translation":"burning. But the other's limbs are loosened with cold,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l951.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fervidus","lemma":"feruidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"Ast","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"solvuntur","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosen"},{"surface":"frigore","lemma":"frigus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"membra","lemma":"membrum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":952,"label":"952","id":"b12-l952","source":"vitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras.","translation":"and with a groan the life fled, resentful, under the shades.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b12-l952.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"indignata","title":"The poem's final word","body":"indignata, 'refusing to accept it', is a participle describing the life leaving the body still in protest. It is the same word Vergil used at Camilla's death, and it is also the last word of the entire poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"vitaque","lemma":"uita","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gemitu","lemma":"gemitus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"a groan"},{"surface":"fugit","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"},{"surface":"indignata","lemma":"indignor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"resentful"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"umbras","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the shades"}]}]}