{"work":{"slug":"aeneid","title":{"source":"Aeneis","translated":"The Aeneid"},"author":"Publius Vergilius Maro","language":"Latin","languageCode":"la","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":4,"id":"book-04","title":{"source":"Aeneidos IV","translated":"Book 4. Dido: The Wound, the Cave, and the Pyre"},"section":"The Wanderings","summary":"Dido and Aeneas become lovers. Mercury orders him on to Italy. Dido curses him and kills herself on a pyre.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid/4","lines":705},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid/3","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/aeneid/5","license":"Source text: public domain (Vergil, Aeneid, ed. J. B. Greenough, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1900), as encoded in the Perseus Digital Library canonical-latinLit TEI, CC BY-SA 4.0. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC, line for line. Narration: read by Malone (LibriVox, 2012), public domain.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b4-l1","source":"At regina gravi iamdudum saucia cura","translation":"But the queen, wounded long since by a heavy care,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"saucia","title":"A wound word from the battlefield","body":"saucia, 'wounded', is the term for a soldier hit by a weapon. Book 4 opens with Dido already saucia, before any scene is set, and the wound named here as a figure becomes literal by line 689."}],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"gravi","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"iamdudum","lemma":"iamdudum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"long since"},{"surface":"saucia","lemma":"saucius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"cura","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"care"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b4-l2","source":"volnus alit venis, et caeco carpitur igni.","translation":"feeds the wound in her veins and is eaten by a fire unseen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"caeco igni","title":"Caecus means blind and unseen","body":"caecus can mean either 'blind' or 'hidden from sight'. igni caeco, 'by a blind fire', works both ways: the fire has no eyes, and no one can see it either. Vergil uses the same word of lightning at line 209."}],"words":[{"surface":"volnus","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"alit","lemma":"alo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"feeds"},{"surface":"venis","lemma":"uena","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"veins"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"caeco","lemma":"caecus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unseen"},{"surface":"carpitur","lemma":"carpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is consumed"},{"surface":"igni","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b4-l3","source":"Multa viri virtus animo, multusque recursat","translation":"The man's great courage runs back through her mind, and back","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"man's"},{"surface":"virtus","lemma":"uirtus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"animo","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"multusque","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"much","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"recursat","lemma":"recurso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs back"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b4-l4","source":"gentis honos: haerent infixi pectore voltus","translation":"the glory of his line; his face and his words stay","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"gentis","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"honos","lemma":"honos","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"haerent","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cling"},{"surface":"infixi","lemma":"infigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having driven in"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"voltus","lemma":"uultus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b4-l5","source":"verbaque, nec placidam membris dat cura quietem.","translation":"driven into her breast, and care gives her limbs no quiet rest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"verbaque","lemma":"uerbum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"words","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"placidam","lemma":"placidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"peaceful"},{"surface":"membris","lemma":"membrum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"cura","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"quietem","lemma":"quies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"rest"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b4-l6","source":"Postera Phoebea lustrabat lampade terras,","translation":"The day after was sweeping the lands with Phoebus' lamp,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Postera","lemma":"posterus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"next day"},{"surface":"Phoebea","lemma":"phoebeus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Phoebus'"},{"surface":"lustrabat","lemma":"lustro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was sweeping over"},{"surface":"lampade","lemma":"lampas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"lamp"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"lands"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b4-l7","source":"umentemque Aurora polo dimoverat umbram,","translation":"and Dawn had pushed the damp shadow from the sky,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"umentemque","lemma":"umeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"damp","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Aurora","lemma":"aurora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"polo","lemma":"polus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"dimoverat","lemma":"dimoueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had removed"},{"surface":"umbram","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"shadow"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b4-l8","source":"cum sic unanimam adloquitur male sana sororem:","translation":"when, sick in her mind, she speaks so to the sister who is one soul with her:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"unanimam","lemma":"unanimus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one-souled"},{"surface":"adloquitur","lemma":"adloquor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"speaks to"},{"surface":"male","lemma":"male","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"badly"},{"surface":"sana","lemma":"sanus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"sororem","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sister"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b4-l9","source":"“Anna soror, quae me suspensam insomnia terrent!","translation":"“Anna, my sister, what dreams frighten me, and leave me hanging!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"insomnia","title":"A neuter plural, not sleeplessness","body":"insomnia here is the neuter plural of insomnium, 'a dream', not the feminine noun insomnia meaning 'sleeplessness'. Dido says dreams, insomnia, are frightening her, not the lack of sleep."}],"words":[{"surface":"Anna","lemma":"anna","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Anna"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"suspensam","lemma":"suspendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"left hanging"},{"surface":"insomnia","lemma":"insomnium","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"dreams"},{"surface":"terrent","lemma":"terreo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"frighten"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b4-l10","source":"Quis novus hic nostris successit sedibus hospes,","translation":"What is he, this new guest who has come into our house,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"novus","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"nostris","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"successit","lemma":"succedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come to"},{"surface":"sedibus","lemma":"sedes","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"hospes","lemma":"hospes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"guest"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b4-l11","source":"quem sese ore ferens, quam forti pectore et armis!","translation":"what a bearing he carries in his face, how strong in heart and in arms!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"ferens","lemma":"fero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"quam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"forti","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weapons"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b4-l12","source":"Credo equidem, nec vana fides, genus esse deorum.","translation":"I do believe it, and the belief is not empty, that he is of the stock of gods.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Credo","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"equidem","lemma":"equidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vana","lemma":"uanus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"fides","lemma":"fides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"belief"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"esse","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"deorum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b4-l13","source":"Degeneres animos timor arguit: heu, quibus ille","translation":"Fear proves a low-born spirit. Ah, by what fates","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Degeneres","lemma":"degener","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"degenerate"},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"spirits"},{"surface":"timor","lemma":"timor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"arguit","lemma":"arguo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"proves"},{"surface":"heu","lemma":"heu","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b4-l14","source":"iactatus fatis! Quae bella exhausta canebat!","translation":"he has been tossed! What wars he sang of, fought out to the end!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iactatus","lemma":"iacto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"tossed"},{"surface":"fatis","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"Quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"exhausta","lemma":"exhaurio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fought out"},{"surface":"canebat","lemma":"cano","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sang"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b4-l15","source":"Si mihi non animo fixum immotumque sederet,","translation":"If it were not fixed in my mind and settled there, immovable,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"animo","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"fixum","lemma":"figo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"immotumque","lemma":"immotus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"unmoved","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"sederet","lemma":"sedeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"were settled"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b4-l16","source":"ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali,","translation":"never to wish to join myself to any man in the marriage bond,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"never to"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to any man"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"vinclo","lemma":"uinculum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chain, bond"},{"surface":"vellem","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"sociare","lemma":"socio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to join"},{"surface":"iugali","lemma":"iugalis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"marriage"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b4-l17","source":"postquam primus amor deceptam morte fefellit;","translation":"after my first love cheated me and failed me by his death;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"primus","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"deceptam","lemma":"decipio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been cheated"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"fefellit","lemma":"fallo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"failed"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b4-l18","source":"si non pertaesum thalami taedaeque fuisset,","translation":"if I had not come to loathe the bridal chamber and the torch,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pertaesum","lemma":"pertaedet","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"wearied"},{"surface":"thalami","lemma":"thalamus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"bridal chamber"},{"surface":"taedaeque","lemma":"taeda","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"pine torch","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"fuisset","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had been"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b4-l19","source":"huic uni forsan potui succumbere culpae.","translation":"to this one fault, perhaps, I could have given way.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"culpae","title":"Culpa is a legal fault","body":"culpa is the term for a fault one is answerable for, close to blame in a legal or moral sense. Dido names her own case as a culpa, and the narrator repeats the word at line 172 once she has stopped using it herself."}],"words":[{"surface":"huic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"uni","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"forsan","lemma":"forsan","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"potui","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I could have"},{"surface":"succumbere","lemma":"succumbo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to give way"},{"surface":"culpae","lemma":"culpa","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"fault"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b4-l20","source":"Anna, fatebor enim, miseri post fata Sychaei","translation":"Anna, for I will confess it, since the death of poor Sychaeus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anna","lemma":"anna","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Anna"},{"surface":"fatebor","lemma":"fateor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will confess"},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"miseri","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"post","lemma":"post","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"Sychaei","lemma":"sychaeus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Sychaeus"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b4-l21","source":"coniugis et sparsos fraterna caede Penatis,","translation":"my husband, and the household gods spattered by a brother's murder,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"coniugis","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sparsos","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"spattered"},{"surface":"fraterna","lemma":"fraternus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brotherly"},{"surface":"caede","lemma":"caedes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"Penatis","lemma":"penates","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"household gods"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b4-l22","source":"solus hic inflexit sensus, animumque labantem","translation":"he alone has bent my feeling, and has struck my heart","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"solus","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inflexit","lemma":"inflecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"sensus","lemma":"sensus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"feelings"},{"surface":"animumque","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"heart","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"labantem","lemma":"labo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wavering"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b4-l23","source":"impulit: adgnosco veteris vestigia flammae.","translation":"where it gives way: I recognize the traces of the old flame.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"impulit","lemma":"impello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has struck"},{"surface":"adgnosco","lemma":"agnosco","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"recognize"},{"surface":"veteris","lemma":"uetus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"vestigia","lemma":"uestigium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"traces"},{"surface":"flammae","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"flame"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b4-l24","source":"Sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat,","translation":"But I would pray that the deep earth gape open for me first,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"uel","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"tellus","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"optem","lemma":"opto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wish for"},{"surface":"prius","lemma":"prius","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ima","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"dehiscat","lemma":"dehisco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gape"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b4-l25","source":"vel Pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras,","translation":"or that the all-powerful Father drive me with his bolt to the shades,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vel","lemma":"uel","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"omnipotens","lemma":"omnipotens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all-powerful"},{"surface":"adigat","lemma":"adigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"fulmine","lemma":"fulmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his bolt"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"umbras","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shades"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b4-l26","source":"pallentis umbras Erebi noctemque profundam,","translation":"the pale shades of Erebus and the bottomless night,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pallentis","lemma":"palleo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"umbras","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"shades"},{"surface":"Erebi","lemma":"erebus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Erebus"},{"surface":"noctemque","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"night","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"profundam","lemma":"profundus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bottomless"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b4-l27","source":"ante, Pudor, quam te violo, aut tua iura resolvo.","translation":"before I break you, Shame, or undo your laws.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l27.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ante, Pudor, quam te violo","title":"Antequam split by a vocative","body":"The conjunction antequam, 'before', is broken into ante and quam with the vocative Pudor set between the two halves. Pudor names the sense of honor that keeps a person inside their own rules, not shame in the sense of disgrace."}],"words":[{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Pudor","lemma":"pudor","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Shame"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"quam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"violo","lemma":"uiolo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"violate"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"iura","lemma":"ius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"laws"},{"surface":"resolvo","lemma":"resoluo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"undo"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b4-l28","source":"Ille meos, primus qui me sibi iunxit, amores","translation":"He who first joined me to himself has taken my love","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"meos","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"primus","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"sibi","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"iunxit","lemma":"iungo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"joined"},{"surface":"amores","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b4-l29","source":"abstulit; ille habeat secum servetque sepulchro.”","translation":"away with him; let him keep it by him, and hold it in the grave.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"abstulit","lemma":"aufero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"took away"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"habeat","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let him have"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"servetque","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let him keep safe","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"sepulchro","lemma":"sepulcrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"grave"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b4-l30","source":"Sic effata sinum lacrimis implevit obortis.","translation":"So she spoke, and filled her breast with the tears that rose.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"effata","lemma":"effor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having uttered"},{"surface":"sinum","lemma":"sinus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"lacrimis","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"implevit","lemma":"impleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled up"},{"surface":"obortis","lemma":"oborior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having arisen"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b4-l31","source":"Anna refert: “O luce magis dilecta sorori,","translation":"Anna answers: “O loved by your sister more than the light,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anna","lemma":"anna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Anna"},{"surface":"refert","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"replies"},{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"luce","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"magis","lemma":"magis","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"dilecta","lemma":"diligo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive vocative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"sorori","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"sister"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b4-l32","source":"solane perpetua maerens carpere iuventa,","translation":"will you wear away alone, grieving, all your youth long,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"solane","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"perpetua","lemma":"perpetuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unbroken"},{"surface":"maerens","lemma":"maereo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"carpere","lemma":"carpo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are worn away"},{"surface":"iuventa","lemma":"iuuenta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"youth"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b4-l33","source":"nec dulcis natos, Veneris nec praemia noris?","translation":"and never know sweet children, nor the prizes of Venus?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"dulcis","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"natos","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"Veneris","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"praemia","lemma":"praemium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"prizes"},{"surface":"noris","lemma":"nosco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will get to know"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b4-l34","source":"Id cinerem aut Manis credis curare sepultos?","translation":"Do you think ash cares for that, or the buried shades?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Id","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cinerem","lemma":"cinis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Manis","lemma":"manes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shades"},{"surface":"credis","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you think"},{"surface":"curare","lemma":"curo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"care for"},{"surface":"sepultos","lemma":"sepelio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been buried"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b4-l35","source":"Esto: aegram nulli quondam flexere mariti,","translation":"Granted: in your grief no husband bent you once,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esto","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"aegram","lemma":"aeger","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grief-stricken"},{"surface":"nulli","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"quondam","lemma":"quondam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"flexere","lemma":"flecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"mariti","lemma":"maritus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"husbands"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b4-l36","source":"non Libyae, non ante Tyro; despectus Iarbas","translation":"not in Libya, not before in Tyre; Iarbas was looked past,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Libyae","lemma":"libya","morphology":"noun, locative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"Libya"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Tyro","lemma":"tyrus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"Tyre"},{"surface":"despectus","lemma":"despicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"scorned"},{"surface":"Iarbas","lemma":"iarbas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Iarbas"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b4-l37","source":"ductoresque alii, quos Africa terra triumphis","translation":"and the other chiefs whom the African land, rich in triumphs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ductoresque","lemma":"ductor","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"leaders","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Africa","lemma":"africus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"African"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"triumphis","lemma":"triumphus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with triumphs"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b4-l38","source":"dives alit: placitone etiam pugnabis amori?","translation":"rears up: will you fight even a love that pleases you?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dives","lemma":"diues","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"alit","lemma":"alo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"feeds"},{"surface":"placitone","lemma":"placeo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pleasing","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"pugnabis","lemma":"pugno","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fight"},{"surface":"amori","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b4-l39","source":"Nec venit in mentem, quorum consederis arvis?","translation":"Does it not come into your mind whose fields you have settled in?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"venit","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"does it come"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mentem","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"quorum","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"consederis","lemma":"consido","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you have settled"},{"surface":"arvis","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"place","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b4-l40","source":"Hinc Gaetulae urbes, genus insuperabile bello,","translation":"On this side Gaetulian cities, a race not to be beaten in war,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on this side"},{"surface":"Gaetulae","lemma":"gaetulus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Gaetulian"},{"surface":"urbes","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"insuperabile","lemma":"insuperabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"insurmountable"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b4-l41","source":"et Numidae infreni cingunt et inhospita Syrtis;","translation":"and unbridled Numidians hem you round, and the Syrtis that gives no welcome;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Numidae","lemma":"numida","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Numidians"},{"surface":"infreni","lemma":"infrenis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unbridled"},{"surface":"cingunt","lemma":"cingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hem in"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inhospita","lemma":"inhospitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"inhospitable"},{"surface":"Syrtis","lemma":"syrtis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Syrtis"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b4-l42","source":"hinc deserta siti regio, lateque furentes","translation":"on that side a country emptied by thirst, and the Barcaeans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on this side"},{"surface":"deserta","lemma":"desertus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"emptied"},{"surface":"siti","lemma":"sitis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"thirst"},{"surface":"regio","lemma":"regio","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"region, country"},{"surface":"lateque","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"widely","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"furentes","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b4-l43","source":"Barcaei. Quid bella Tyro surgentia dicam,","translation":"raging far and wide. Why should I speak of the wars rising out of Tyre,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barcaei","lemma":"barcaei","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Barcaeans"},{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"bella","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"Tyro","lemma":"tyrus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"from Tyre"},{"surface":"surgentia","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"dicam","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"should I tell"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b4-l44","source":"germanique minas?","translation":"and our brother's threats?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l44.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"germanique minas?","title":"Another line left incomplete","body":"The hexameter stops less than a third of the way through. Vergil died before finishing his revision of the poem, and about fifty-five lines stand unfinished like this one; we leave the gap rather than fill it."}],"words":[{"surface":"germanique","lemma":"germanus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"brother","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"minas","lemma":"minae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"threats"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b4-l45","source":"Dis equidem auspicibus reor et Iunone secunda","translation":"It was the gods' own omens, I think, and Juno's favor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dis","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"equidem","lemma":"equidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"auspicibus","lemma":"auspex","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as omens"},{"surface":"reor","lemma":"reor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Iunone","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"secunda","lemma":"secundus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"favorable"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b4-l46","source":"hunc cursum Iliacas vento tenuisse carinas.","translation":"that held the Ilian keels to this course with the wind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"cursum","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"Iliacas","lemma":"iliacus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Ilian"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"tenuisse","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to have held"},{"surface":"carinas","lemma":"carina","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"keels"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b4-l47","source":"Quam tu urbem, soror, hanc cernes, quae surgere regna","translation":"What a city you will see here, sister, what a kingdom","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"cernes","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will see"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"surgere","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to rise"},{"surface":"regna","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"kingdoms"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b4-l48","source":"coniugio tali! Teucrum comitantibus armis","translation":"rise out of such a marriage! With Teucrian arms beside us,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"coniugio","lemma":"coniugium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"tali","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Teucrum","lemma":"teucri","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Trojans'"},{"surface":"comitantibus","lemma":"comitor","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"joining as an attendant"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weapons"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b4-l49","source":"Punica se quantis attollet gloria rebus!","translation":"to what heights will Punic glory lift itself!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Punica","lemma":"punicus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Punic"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"quantis","lemma":"quantus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"how great"},{"surface":"attollet","lemma":"attollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will lift up"},{"surface":"gloria","lemma":"gloria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"rebus","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"heights"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b4-l50","source":"Tu modo posce deos veniam, sacrisque litatis","translation":"Only ask the gods for pardon, and when the offerings have taken,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"only just"},{"surface":"posce","lemma":"posco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"ask"},{"surface":"deos","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"veniam","lemma":"uenia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"pardon"},{"surface":"sacrisque","lemma":"sacrum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"offerings","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"litatis","lemma":"lito","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"offered favorably"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b4-l51","source":"indulge hospitio, causasque innecte morandi,","translation":"give yourself to your guest, and weave reasons for delay,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"indulge","lemma":"indulgeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"give yourself"},{"surface":"hospitio","lemma":"hospitium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"hospitality"},{"surface":"causasque","lemma":"causa","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"reasons","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"innecte","lemma":"innecto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"weave"},{"surface":"morandi","lemma":"moror","morphology":"gerund, genitive","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"delaying"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b4-l52","source":"dum pelago desaevit hiemps et aquosus Orion,","translation":"while winter rages itself out at sea, and rainy Orion,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"pelago","lemma":"pelagus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"desaevit","lemma":"desaeuio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"hiemps","lemma":"hiems","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aquosus","lemma":"aquosus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rainy"},{"surface":"Orion","lemma":"orion","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Orion"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b4-l53","source":"quassataeque rates, dum non tractabile caelum.”","translation":"and the ships are battered, and the sky will not be handled.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quassataeque","lemma":"quasso","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"battered","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"rates","lemma":"ratis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tractabile","lemma":"tractabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"manageable"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b4-l54","source":"His dictis incensum animum inflammavit amore,","translation":"With these words she set a kindled heart ablaze with love,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"His","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"incensum","lemma":"incendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"kindled"},{"surface":"animum","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"inflammavit","lemma":"inflammo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"set on fire"},{"surface":"amore","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b4-l55","source":"spemque dedit dubiae menti, solvitque pudorem.","translation":"gave hope to a doubting mind, and loosed her shame.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"spemque","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hope","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"dubiae","lemma":"dubius","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"doubting"},{"surface":"menti","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"solvitque","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"pudorem","lemma":"pudor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"shame"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b4-l56","source":"Principio delubra adeunt, pacemque per aras","translation":"First they go to the shrines and seek peace along the altars","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Principio","lemma":"principium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"delubra","lemma":"delubrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shrines"},{"surface":"adeunt","lemma":"adeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"go to"},{"surface":"pacemque","lemma":"pax","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"peace","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"aras","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"altars"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b4-l57","source":"exquirunt; mactant lectas de more bidentis","translation":"one after another; they slaughter picked sheep by the rite","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l57.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bidentis","title":"Bidens names sheep by their teeth","body":"bidens describes a sheep old enough to have grown the pair of long teeth that custom required for sacrifice. Latin names the victim, bidentis, by the feature a priest would check before the rite."}],"words":[{"surface":"exquirunt","lemma":"exquiro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"seek out"},{"surface":"mactant","lemma":"macto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"lectas","lemma":"lego","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"picked"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"more","lemma":"mos","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"custom"},{"surface":"bidentis","lemma":"bidens","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b4-l58","source":"legiferae Cereri Phoeboque patrique Lyaeo,","translation":"to law-giving Ceres, to Phoebus, to father Lyaeus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"legiferae","lemma":"legifer","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"law-giving"},{"surface":"Cereri","lemma":"ceres","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Ceres"},{"surface":"Phoeboque","lemma":"phoebus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Phoebus","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"patrique","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"father","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Lyaeo","lemma":"lyaeus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Lyaeus"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b4-l59","source":"Iunoni ante omnis, cui vincla iugalia curae.","translation":"and to Juno before all, who has the marriage bonds in her keeping.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iunoni","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"vincla","lemma":"uinculum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"chain, bond"},{"surface":"iugalia","lemma":"iugalis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"curae","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"care"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b4-l60","source":"Ipsa, tenens dextra pateram, pulcherrima Dido","translation":"Dido herself, loveliest of women, holding the bowl in her right hand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"tenens","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"pateram","lemma":"patera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"bowl"},{"surface":"pulcherrima","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"loveliest"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b4-l61","source":"candentis vaccae media inter cornua fundit,","translation":"pours it out between the horns of a white heifer,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"candentis","lemma":"candeo","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gleaming white"},{"surface":"vaccae","lemma":"uacca","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"heifer's"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"cornua","lemma":"cornu","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"horns"},{"surface":"fundit","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pours"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b4-l62","source":"aut ante ora deum pinguis spatiatur ad aras,","translation":"or paces before the faces of the gods at the rich altars,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"deum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"pinguis","lemma":"pinguis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"spatiatur","lemma":"spatior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"paces"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"aras","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"altars"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b4-l63","source":"instauratque diem donis, pecudumque reclusis","translation":"and renews the day with gifts, and gazing into the opened","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"instauratque","lemma":"instauro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"renews","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"diem","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"donis","lemma":"donum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"pecudumque","lemma":"pecus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the beasts","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"reclusis","lemma":"recludo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been opened"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b4-l64","source":"pectoribus inhians spirantia consulit exta.","translation":"chests of the beasts consults the entrails while they breathe.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pectoribus","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"chests"},{"surface":"inhians","lemma":"inhio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gazing"},{"surface":"spirantia","lemma":"spiro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"breathing"},{"surface":"consulit","lemma":"consulo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"consults"},{"surface":"exta","lemma":"exta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"entrails"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b4-l65","source":"Heu vatum ignarae mentes! quid vota furentem,","translation":"Ah, the ignorant minds of seers! What good are vows, what good","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Heu","lemma":"heu","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"vatum","lemma":"uates","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of seers"},{"surface":"ignarae","lemma":"ignarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ignorant"},{"surface":"mentes","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"minds"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"what good"},{"surface":"vota","lemma":"uotum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"vows"},{"surface":"furentem","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"the raging woman"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b4-l66","source":"quid delubra iuvant? Est mollis flamma medullas","translation":"are shrines to a woman on fire? The flame eats her soft marrow","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l66.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Est mollis flamma medullas","title":"Est here means eats, not is","body":"est is the third-person singular of edo, 'to eat', spelled identically to est from sum, 'to be'. Here it is edo: the flame eats her marrow, medullas, rather than merely existing."}],"words":[{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"what good"},{"surface":"delubra","lemma":"delubrum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"shrines"},{"surface":"iuvant","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"Est","lemma":"edo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"eats"},{"surface":"mollis","lemma":"mollis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"flamma","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"medullas","lemma":"medulla","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"marrow"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b4-l67","source":"interea, et tacitum vivit sub pectore volnus.","translation":"all the while, and the silent wound lives under her breast.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tacitum","lemma":"tacitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"vivit","lemma":"uiuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"volnus","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"wound"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b4-l68","source":"Uritur infelix Dido, totaque vagatur","translation":"Unhappy Dido burns, and wanders the whole city","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Uritur","lemma":"uro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is burned"},{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unhappy"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"totaque","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"vagatur","lemma":"uagor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"wanders"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b4-l69","source":"urbe furens, qualis coniecta cerva sagitta,","translation":"in her madness, like a doe struck by an arrow,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"urbe","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"furens","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raging"},{"surface":"qualis","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"coniecta","lemma":"conicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"cerva","lemma":"cerua","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"doe"},{"surface":"sagitta","lemma":"sagitta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b4-l70","source":"quam procul incautam nemora inter Cresia fixit","translation":"whom a shepherd hunting with his weapons has pinned from far off,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"procul","lemma":"procul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"incautam","lemma":"incautus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"off guard"},{"surface":"nemora","lemma":"nemus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"woods"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Cresia","lemma":"cresius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Cretan"},{"surface":"fixit","lemma":"figo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"has pinned"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b4-l71","source":"pastor agens telis, liquitque volatile ferrum","translation":"off her guard among the woods of Crete, and left the flying iron","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pastor","lemma":"pastor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"agens","lemma":"ago","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hunting"},{"surface":"telis","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"liquitque","lemma":"linquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"left","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"volatile","lemma":"uolatilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"ferrum","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b4-l72","source":"nescius; illa fuga silvas saltusque peragrat","translation":"in her, not knowing it; she in flight ranges the woods and the glades","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nescius","lemma":"nescius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unknowing"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"fuga","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"silvas","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"woods"},{"surface":"saltusque","lemma":"saltus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"glades","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"peragrat","lemma":"peragro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"ranges over"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b4-l73","source":"Dictaeos; haeret lateri letalis arundo.","translation":"of Dicte; the deadly shaft sticks in her side.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dictaeos","lemma":"dictaeus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dictaean"},{"surface":"haeret","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sticks"},{"surface":"lateri","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"letalis","lemma":"letalis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"arundo","lemma":"harundo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"shaft"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b4-l74","source":"Nunc media Aenean secum per moenia ducit,","translation":"Now she leads Aeneas with her through the middle of the walls,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with her"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"ducit","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leads"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b4-l75","source":"Sidoniasque ostentat opes urbemque paratam;","translation":"and shows her Sidonian wealth and the city standing ready;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sidoniasque","lemma":"sidonius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Sidonian","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ostentat","lemma":"ostento","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shows"},{"surface":"opes","lemma":"ops","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"urbemque","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"paratam","lemma":"paro","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been prepared"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b4-l76","source":"incipit effari, mediaque in voce resistit;","translation":"she begins to speak, and stops in the middle of the word;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incipit","lemma":"incipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"begins"},{"surface":"effari","lemma":"effor","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"mediaque","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"voce","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"resistit","lemma":"resisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stops"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b4-l77","source":"nunc eadem labente die convivia quaerit,","translation":"now, as the day slips down, she looks for the same feast again,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"eadem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"labente","lemma":"labor","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"slipping"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"convivia","lemma":"conuiuium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"feasts"},{"surface":"quaerit","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"seeks"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b4-l78","source":"Iliacosque iterum demens audire labores","translation":"and out of her mind demands to hear the sufferings of Ilium","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iliacosque","lemma":"iliacus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Ilian","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"iterum","lemma":"iterum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"demens","lemma":"demens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"out of one's mind"},{"surface":"audire","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"labores","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sufferings"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b4-l79","source":"exposcit, pendetque iterum narrantis ab ore.","translation":"once more, and hangs again upon his mouth as he tells them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exposcit","lemma":"exposco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"demands"},{"surface":"pendetque","lemma":"pendeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hangs","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"iterum","lemma":"iterum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"narrantis","lemma":"narro","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"telling"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"mouth"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b4-l80","source":"Post, ubi digressi, lumenque obscura vicissim","translation":"Afterward, when they have parted, and the dimming moon in turn","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Post","lemma":"post","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"digressi","lemma":"digredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"have parted"},{"surface":"lumenque","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"light","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"obscura","lemma":"obscurus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dimming"},{"surface":"vicissim","lemma":"uicissim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in turn"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b4-l81","source":"luna premit suadentque cadentia sidera somnos,","translation":"puts down her light, and the setting stars urge sleep,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"luna","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"premit","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"puts down"},{"surface":"suadentque","lemma":"suadeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"cadentia","lemma":"cado","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"setting"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"somnos","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b4-l82","source":"sola domo maeret vacua, stratisque relictis","translation":"she grieves alone in the empty house, and lies down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"domo","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"maeret","lemma":"maereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"grieves"},{"surface":"vacua","lemma":"uacuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"stratisque","lemma":"stratum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"place","gloss":"couch","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"relictis","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"left"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b4-l83","source":"incubat, illum absens absentem auditque videtque;","translation":"on the couch he left; absent, she hears and sees him absent;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l83.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"illum absens absentem","title":"The same participle in two cases","body":"absens, nominative, describes Dido; absentem, accusative, describes Aeneas. Vergil sets the two case forms of the same participle side by side in illum absens absentem, joining her absence and his in one phrase."}],"words":[{"surface":"incubat","lemma":"incubo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies in or on"},{"surface":"illum","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"absens","lemma":"absum","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"absent"},{"surface":"absentem","lemma":"absum","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"absent"},{"surface":"auditque","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hears","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"videtque","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sees","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b4-l84","source":"aut gremio Ascanium, genitoris imagine capta,","translation":"or, caught by the father's likeness, she keeps Ascanius","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"gremio","lemma":"gremium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"lap"},{"surface":"Ascanium","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"genitoris","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"imagine","lemma":"imago","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"likeness"},{"surface":"capta","lemma":"capio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"caught"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b4-l85","source":"detinet, infandum si fallere possit amorem.","translation":"in her lap, to see whether she can cheat a love past speaking.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"detinet","lemma":"detineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"infandum","lemma":"infandus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unspeakable"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"fallere","lemma":"fallo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"cheat"},{"surface":"possit","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"she can"},{"surface":"amorem","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b4-l86","source":"Non coeptae adsurgunt turres, non arma iuventus","translation":"The towers begun do not go up; the young men do not drill","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"coeptae","lemma":"coepio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"begun"},{"surface":"adsurgunt","lemma":"assurgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise"},{"surface":"turres","lemma":"turris","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"towers"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"iuventus","lemma":"iuuentus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b4-l87","source":"exercet, portusve aut propugnacula bello","translation":"at arms, nor make the harbors or the ramparts safe","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exercet","lemma":"exerceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drill"},{"surface":"portusve","lemma":"portus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"harbor","note":"-ve attached: \"or.\""},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"propugnacula","lemma":"propugnaculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ramparts"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b4-l88","source":"tuta parant; pendent opera interrupta, minaeque","translation":"for war; the works hang broken off, and the huge","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tuta","lemma":"tutus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"parant","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"make ready"},{"surface":"pendent","lemma":"pendeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hang"},{"surface":"opera","lemma":"opus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"interrupta","lemma":"interrumpo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"broken off"},{"surface":"minaeque","lemma":"minae","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"menace","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b4-l89","source":"murorum ingentes aequataque machina caelo.","translation":"menace of the walls, and the crane raised level with the sky.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"murorum","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"ingentes","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"aequataque","lemma":"aequo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been leveled","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"machina","lemma":"machina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"crane"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b4-l90","source":"Quam simul ac tali persensit peste teneri","translation":"As soon as Jove's dear wife saw clearly that she was held","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l90.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"peste","title":"Pestis names plague, not love","body":"pestis means plague or ruin, the kind of thing that destroys a city. Juno, watching Dido, calls what has happened to her a pestis, tali peste teneri, and does not call it love."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"tali","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"persensit","lemma":"persentio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"perceived"},{"surface":"peste","lemma":"pestis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by plague"},{"surface":"teneri","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be held"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b4-l91","source":"cara Iovis coniunx, nec famam obstare furori,","translation":"by such a plague, and that no good name stood against the madness,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cara","lemma":"carus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"Iovis","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Jove's"},{"surface":"coniunx","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"famam","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"good name"},{"surface":"obstare","lemma":"obsto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"stood against"},{"surface":"furori","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"madness"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b4-l92","source":"talibus adgreditur Venerem Saturnia dictis:","translation":"Saturn's daughter came at Venus with words like these:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"adgreditur","lemma":"aggredior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"approaches"},{"surface":"Venerem","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"Saturnia","lemma":"saturnius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Saturn's daughter"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b4-l93","source":"“Egregiam vero laudem et spolia ampla refertis","translation":"“Splendid praise indeed you carry off, and generous spoils,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Egregiam","lemma":"egregius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"laudem","lemma":"laus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"praise"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"spolia","lemma":"spolium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"spoils"},{"surface":"ampla","lemma":"amplus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"generous"},{"surface":"refertis","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you carry off"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b4-l94","source":"tuque puerque tuus, magnum et memorabile numen,","translation":"you and that boy of yours, a great power, and one to remember,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tuque","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"you","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"puerque","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"boy","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"tuus","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"magnum","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"memorabile","lemma":"memorabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"memorable"},{"surface":"numen","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"power"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b4-l95","source":"una dolo divom si femina victa duorum est!","translation":"if one woman is beaten by the trickery of two gods!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"una","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"dolo","lemma":"dolus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"trickery"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"femina","lemma":"femina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"victa","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"beaten"},{"surface":"duorum","lemma":"duo","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b4-l96","source":"Nec me adeo fallit veritam te moenia nostra","translation":"Nor does it escape me at all that you have feared our walls","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"adeo","lemma":"adeo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"fallit","lemma":"fallo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"escapes the notice of"},{"surface":"veritam","lemma":"uereor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having feared"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"nostra","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b4-l97","source":"suspectas habuisse domos Karthaginis altae.","translation":"and held the houses of high Carthage under suspicion.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"suspectas","lemma":"suspicio","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"suspected"},{"surface":"habuisse","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"domos","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"Karthaginis","lemma":"carthago","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Carthage"},{"surface":"altae","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b4-l98","source":"Sed quis erit modus, aut quo nunc certamine tanto?","translation":"But where will it end, or where does so great a contest go now?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"erit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"modus","lemma":"modus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"certamine","lemma":"certamen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"contest"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b4-l99","source":"Quin potius pacem aeternam pactosque hymenaeos","translation":"Why not rather work an everlasting peace and a wedding","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quin","lemma":"quin","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"why not"},{"surface":"potius","lemma":"potius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"pacem","lemma":"pax","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"aeternam","lemma":"aeternus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"everlasting"},{"surface":"pactosque","lemma":"pactus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"agreed upon, appointed","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"hymenaeos","lemma":"hymenaeus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"wedding"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b4-l100","source":"exercemus? Habes, tota quod mente petisti:","translation":"sealed by treaty? You have what you sought with your whole mind:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exercemus","lemma":"exerceo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do we work out"},{"surface":"Habes","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"tota","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"petisti","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sought"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b4-l101","source":"ardet amans Dido, traxitque per ossa furorem.","translation":"Dido burns in love, and has drawn the madness through her bones.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ardet","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"burns"},{"surface":"amans","lemma":"amo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"loving"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"traxitque","lemma":"traho","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has drawn","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ossa","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"furorem","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"madness"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b4-l102","source":"Communem hunc ergo populum paribusque regamus","translation":"So let us rule this people in common, and under omens","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Communem","lemma":"communis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"common"},{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ergo","lemma":"ergo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"populum","lemma":"populus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"paribusque","lemma":"par","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"equal","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"regamus","lemma":"rego","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"rule"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b4-l103","source":"auspiciis; liceat Phrygio servire marito,","translation":"held equally; let her be allowed to serve a Phrygian husband,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"auspiciis","lemma":"auspicium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"under omens"},{"surface":"liceat","lemma":"licet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"allows"},{"surface":"Phrygio","lemma":"phrygius","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Phrygian"},{"surface":"servire","lemma":"seruio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to serve"},{"surface":"marito","lemma":"maritus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"husband"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b4-l104","source":"dotalisque tuae Tyrios permittere dextrae.”","translation":"and to hand her Tyrians to your right hand for a dowry.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dotalisque","lemma":"dotalis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"forming part of a dowry","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"tuae","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Tyrios","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Tyrians"},{"surface":"permittere","lemma":"permitto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to hand over"},{"surface":"dextrae","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"right hand"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b4-l105","source":"Olli—sensit enim simulata mente locutam,","translation":"To her (for Venus felt she had spoken with a feigned mind,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l105.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Olli","title":"An old dative form of ille","body":"Olli is an archaic dative of ille, 'that one' or 'to him', a form that survived in verse after prose had dropped it. Vergil uses these older forms at formal exchanges between gods, where the antique word marks the scene as ceremonial."}],"words":[{"surface":"Olli","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"sensit","lemma":"sentio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"simulata","lemma":"simulo","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"feigned"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"locutam","lemma":"loquor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having spoken"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b4-l106","source":"quo regnum Italiae Libycas averteret oras—","translation":"to turn the kingdom of Italy aside to Libyan shores)","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"regnum","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kingdom"},{"surface":"Italiae","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"Libycas","lemma":"libycus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Libyan"},{"surface":"averteret","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"turned away"},{"surface":"oras","lemma":"ora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"shores"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b4-l107","source":"sic contra est ingressa Venus: “Quis talia demens","translation":"Venus began in answer: “Who would be mad enough to refuse","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in answer"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ingressa","lemma":"ingredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"begun"},{"surface":"Venus","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"Quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"demens","lemma":"demens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mad"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b4-l108","source":"abnuat, aut tecum malit contendere bello,","translation":"such terms, or would rather fight it out with you in war,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"abnuat","lemma":"abnuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would refuse"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"tecum","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with you"},{"surface":"malit","lemma":"malo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would rather"},{"surface":"contendere","lemma":"contendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b4-l109","source":"si modo, quod memoras, factum fortuna sequatur.","translation":"if only fortune follows the thing you speak of, once it is done?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"only just"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"memoras","lemma":"memoro","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"you speak of"},{"surface":"factum","lemma":"facio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"sequatur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"follows"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b4-l110","source":"Sed fatis incerta feror, si Iuppiter unam","translation":"But the fates leave me unsure: whether Jupiter wants one","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"fatis","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by the fates"},{"surface":"incerta","lemma":"incertus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unsure"},{"surface":"feror","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"am carried"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"unam","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b4-l111","source":"esse velit Tyriis urbem Troiaque profectis,","translation":"city for the Tyrians and for those who set out from Troy,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"esse","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"velit","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"wants"},{"surface":"Tyriis","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Tyrians"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"Troiaque","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"from Troy","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"profectis","lemma":"proficiscor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"having set out"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b4-l112","source":"miscerive probet populos, aut foedera iungi.","translation":"or approves the mixing of the peoples, or a treaty joined.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"miscerive","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be mixed","note":"-ve attached: \"or.\""},{"surface":"probet","lemma":"probo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"approves"},{"surface":"populos","lemma":"populus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"peoples"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"treaties"},{"surface":"iungi","lemma":"iungo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be joined"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b4-l113","source":"Tu coniunx tibi fas animum temptare precando.”","translation":"You are his wife; it is right for you to try his mind by asking.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"coniunx","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"fas","lemma":"fas","morphology":"noun, indeclinable","role":"predicate","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"animum","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"temptare","lemma":"tento","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to try"},{"surface":"precando","lemma":"precor","morphology":"gerund, ablative","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"asking"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b4-l114","source":"“Perge; sequar”. Tum sic excepit regia Iuno:","translation":"“Go on; I will follow.” Then royal Juno took it up:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perge","lemma":"pergo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"go on"},{"surface":"sequar","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"will follow"},{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"excepit","lemma":"excipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"regia","lemma":"regius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"royal"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b4-l115","source":"“Mecum erit iste labor: nunc qua ratione, quod instat","translation":"“That task will be mine. Now by what plan the thing at hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mecum","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"erit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"iste","lemma":"iste","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"labor","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"task"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ratione","lemma":"ratio","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by plan"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"instat","lemma":"insto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is at hand"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b4-l116","source":"confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo.","translation":"can be brought about, attend, and I will teach it in few words.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"confieri","lemma":"confio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"be brought about"},{"surface":"possit","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"paucis","lemma":"paucus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"adverte","lemma":"aduerto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"attend"},{"surface":"docebo","lemma":"doceo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will teach"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b4-l117","source":"Venatum Aeneas unaque miserrima Dido","translation":"Aeneas, and with him poor Dido, are making ready to go","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Venatum","lemma":"uenor","morphology":"supine, accusative","role":"purpose","gloss":"to hunt"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"unaque","lemma":"una","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"together with","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"miserrima","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"most wretched"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b4-l118","source":"in nemus ire parant, ubi primos crastinus ortus","translation":"hunting into the wood, when tomorrow's Titan has brought up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nemus","lemma":"nemus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"ire","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"parant","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"make ready"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"primos","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"crastinus","lemma":"crastinus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of tomorrow"},{"surface":"ortus","lemma":"ortus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"risings"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b4-l119","source":"extulerit Titan, radiisque retexerit orbem.","translation":"his first rising and unwoven the world with his rays.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"extulerit","lemma":"effero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will have brought up"},{"surface":"Titan","lemma":"titan","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Titan"},{"surface":"radiisque","lemma":"radius","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"rays","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"retexerit","lemma":"retexo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will have unwoven"},{"surface":"orbem","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b4-l120","source":"His ego nigrantem commixta grandine nimbum,","translation":"On them a black cloud, mixed with hail,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"His","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nigrantem","lemma":"nigro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"blackening"},{"surface":"commixta","lemma":"commisceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mixed in"},{"surface":"grandine","lemma":"grando","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hail"},{"surface":"nimbum","lemma":"nimbus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"storm cloud"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b4-l121","source":"dum trepidant alae, saltusque indagine cingunt,","translation":"while the beaters scramble and ring the glades with nets,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"trepidant","lemma":"trepido","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"scramble"},{"surface":"alae","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"beaters"},{"surface":"saltusque","lemma":"saltus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"glades","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"indagine","lemma":"indago","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with nets"},{"surface":"cingunt","lemma":"cingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"ring"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b4-l122","source":"desuper infundam, et tonitru caelum omne ciebo.","translation":"I will pour down from above, and set the whole sky moving with thunder.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"desuper","lemma":"desuper","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"infundam","lemma":"infundo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will pour down"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tonitru","lemma":"tonitrus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"thunder"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"omne","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ciebo","lemma":"cieo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will set moving"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b4-l123","source":"Diffugient comites et nocte tegentur opaca:","translation":"Their companions will scatter and be covered in a dark night:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Diffugient","lemma":"diffugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will scatter"},{"surface":"comites","lemma":"comes","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nocte","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"tegentur","lemma":"tego","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be covered"},{"surface":"opaca","lemma":"opacus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dark"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b4-l124","source":"speluncam Dido dux et Troianus eandem","translation":"Dido and the Trojan leader will come down into the same","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"speluncam","lemma":"spelunca","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"dux","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Troianus","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"eandem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b4-l125","source":"devenient; adero, et, tua si mihi certa voluntas,","translation":"cave; I will be there, and, if your will toward me is sure,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"devenient","lemma":"deuenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come to"},{"surface":"adero","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will be there"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"certa","lemma":"certus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"voluntas","lemma":"uoluntas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"will"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b4-l126","source":"conubio iungam stabili propriamque dicabo,","translation":"I will join them in a lasting marriage and name her his own.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conubio","lemma":"conubium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in marriage"},{"surface":"iungam","lemma":"iungo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will join"},{"surface":"stabili","lemma":"stabilis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"lasting"},{"surface":"propriamque","lemma":"proprius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"own","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"dicabo","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will proclaim"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b4-l127","source":"hic hymenaeus erit.”—Non adversata petenti","translation":"This will be their wedding.” Not opposing what she asked,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"hymenaeus","lemma":"hymenaeus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"wedding"},{"surface":"erit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"adversata","lemma":"aduersor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"opposing"},{"surface":"petenti","lemma":"peto","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"asking"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b4-l128","source":"adnuit, atque dolis risit Cytherea repertis.","translation":"Cytherea nodded, and laughed once she had found the trickery out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l128.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dolis risit repertis","title":"An ablative absolute left ambiguous","body":"dolis repertis, an ablative absolute, can mean either 'the tricks now devised' or 'the tricks now found out', and Latin does not choose between them. Cytherea, a name for Venus from the island Cythera, laughs either way."}],"words":[{"surface":"adnuit","lemma":"annuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"nodded"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dolis","lemma":"dolus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"trickery"},{"surface":"risit","lemma":"rideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"Cytherea","lemma":"cytherea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Cytherea"},{"surface":"repertis","lemma":"reperio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"found out"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b4-l129","source":"Oceanum interea surgens Aurora reliquit.","translation":"Meanwhile Dawn rose up and left the Ocean.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Oceanum","lemma":"oceanus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Ocean"},{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"surgens","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"Aurora","lemma":"aurora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"reliquit","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"left behind"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b4-l130","source":"It portis iubare exorto delecta iuventus;","translation":"With the first ray up, picked young men go out from the gates;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"It","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"portis","lemma":"porta","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"iubare","lemma":"iubar","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ray"},{"surface":"exorto","lemma":"exorior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having risen"},{"surface":"delecta","lemma":"deligo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"picked"},{"surface":"iuventus","lemma":"iuuentus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b4-l131","source":"retia rara, plagae, lato venabula ferro,","translation":"wide-meshed nets, snares, hunting spears with broad iron,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"retia","lemma":"rete","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"nets"},{"surface":"rara","lemma":"rarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"wide-meshed"},{"surface":"plagae","lemma":"plaga","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"snares"},{"surface":"lato","lemma":"latus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"venabula","lemma":"uenabulum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"hunting spears"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b4-l132","source":"Massylique ruunt equites et odora canum vis.","translation":"and Massylian riders pour out, and the keen-nosed strength of the hounds.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l132.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"odora canum vis","title":"The pack named by its power","body":"vis canum, 'the force of the dogs', names the pack by its quality rather than the animals themselves, a phrasing carried over from Greek verse. odora, 'keen-scented', supplies the sense that stands in for the noses."}],"words":[{"surface":"Massylique","lemma":"massylus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Massylian","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ruunt","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pour out"},{"surface":"equites","lemma":"eques","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"riders"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"odora","lemma":"odorus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"keen-nosed"},{"surface":"canum","lemma":"canis","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"hounds"},{"surface":"vis","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b4-l133","source":"Reginam thalamo cunctantem ad limina primi","translation":"At the threshold the first men of Carthage wait for the queen,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Reginam","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"thalamo","lemma":"thalamus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"cunctantem","lemma":"cunctor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"delaying"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"limina","lemma":"limen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"thresholds"},{"surface":"primi","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"first"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b4-l134","source":"Poenorum exspectant, ostroque insignis et auro","translation":"who is slow to leave her chamber; her horse stands marked out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Poenorum","lemma":"poeni","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Carthaginians"},{"surface":"exspectant","lemma":"exspecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wait for"},{"surface":"ostroque","lemma":"ostrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"purple dye","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"insignis","lemma":"insignis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"marked out"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with gold"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b4-l135","source":"stat sonipes, ac frena ferox spumantia mandit.","translation":"with purple and gold, and champs fierce at the foaming bit.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l135.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sonipes","title":"A compound word for horse","body":"sonipes, 'sound-foot', is a compound of sonus, 'sound', and pes, 'foot', coined for verse to mean 'horse'. Vergil has an ordinary word for horse, equus, and uses this one instead here."}],"words":[{"surface":"stat","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"sonipes","lemma":"sonipes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"frena","lemma":"frenum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"ferox","lemma":"ferox","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"spumantia","lemma":"spumo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"foaming"},{"surface":"mandit","lemma":"mando","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"champs"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b4-l136","source":"Tandem progreditur, magna stipante caterva,","translation":"At last she comes out, a great crowd pressing round her,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tandem","lemma":"tandem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"progreditur","lemma":"progredior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes out"},{"surface":"magna","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"stipante","lemma":"stipo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pressing round"},{"surface":"caterva","lemma":"caterua","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"crowd"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b4-l137","source":"Sidoniam picto chlamydem circumdata limbo.","translation":"wrapped in a Sidonian cloak with an embroidered hem.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sidoniam","lemma":"sidonius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Sidonian"},{"surface":"picto","lemma":"pingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"embroidered"},{"surface":"chlamydem","lemma":"chlamys","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"circumdata","lemma":"circumdo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"limbo","lemma":"limbus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hem"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b4-l138","source":"Cui pharetra ex auro, crines nodantur in aurum,","translation":"Her quiver is of gold, her hair is knotted up into gold,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"pharetra","lemma":"pharetra","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"quiver"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"crines","lemma":"crinis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"hairs"},{"surface":"nodantur","lemma":"nodo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are knotted"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"aurum","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b4-l139","source":"aurea purpuream subnectit fibula vestem.","translation":"a golden brooch gathers her purple dress beneath.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aurea","lemma":"aureus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"purpuream","lemma":"purpureus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"subnectit","lemma":"subnecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathers"},{"surface":"fibula","lemma":"fibula","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"brooch"},{"surface":"vestem","lemma":"uestis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"dress"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b4-l140","source":"Nec non et Phrygii comites et laetus Iulus","translation":"The Phrygian companions too, and Iulus in his gladness,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Phrygii","lemma":"phrygius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Phrygian"},{"surface":"comites","lemma":"comes","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"laetus","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"Iulus","lemma":"iulus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Iulus"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b4-l141","source":"incedunt. Ipse ante alios pulcherrimus omnis","translation":"come on. Aeneas himself, the handsomest of them all,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incedunt","lemma":"incedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"come on"},{"surface":"Ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"alios","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"pulcherrimus","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"handsomest"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b4-l142","source":"infert se socium Aeneas atque agmina iungit.","translation":"brings himself in as their fellow and joins the two columns.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"infert","lemma":"infero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"socium","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"iungit","lemma":"iungo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"joins"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b4-l143","source":"Qualis ubi hibernam Lyciam Xanthique fluenta","translation":"As when Apollo leaves wintering Lycia and the streams","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qualis","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hibernam","lemma":"hibernus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wintering"},{"surface":"Lyciam","lemma":"lycia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Lycia"},{"surface":"Xanthique","lemma":"xanthus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Xanthus","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"fluenta","lemma":"fluentum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b4-l144","source":"deserit ac Delum maternam invisit Apollo,","translation":"of Xanthus, and goes to see his mother's Delos,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"deserit","lemma":"desero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Delum","lemma":"delos","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Delos"},{"surface":"maternam","lemma":"maternus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"maternal, motherly"},{"surface":"invisit","lemma":"inuiso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"visits"},{"surface":"Apollo","lemma":"apollo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b4-l145","source":"instauratque choros, mixtique altaria circum","translation":"and sets the dances up again, and around the altars, mingled,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"instauratque","lemma":"instauro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sets up again","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"choros","lemma":"chorus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"dances"},{"surface":"mixtique","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mingled","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"altaria","lemma":"altaria","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"altars"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b4-l146","source":"Cretesque Dryopesque fremunt pictique Agathyrsi;","translation":"Cretans and Dryopians and painted Agathyrsi are roaring;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cretesque","lemma":"cres","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Cretans","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Dryopesque","lemma":"dryops","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dryopians","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"fremunt","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"pictique","lemma":"pingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been painted","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"Agathyrsi","lemma":"agathyrsi","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Agathyrsi"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b4-l147","source":"ipse iugis Cynthi graditur, mollique fluentem","translation":"he himself walks the ridges of Cynthus, and binding his flowing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"iugis","lemma":"iugum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"place","gloss":"ridges"},{"surface":"Cynthi","lemma":"cynthus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Cynthus"},{"surface":"graditur","lemma":"gradior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"walks"},{"surface":"mollique","lemma":"mollis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"soft","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"fluentem","lemma":"fluo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flowing"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b4-l148","source":"fronde premit crinem fingens atque implicat auro;","translation":"hair with soft leaves, shapes it and wraps it in gold;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fronde","lemma":"frons","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"premit","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"binds down"},{"surface":"crinem","lemma":"crinis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"fingens","lemma":"fingo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaping"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"implicat","lemma":"implico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"wraps"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in gold"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b4-l149","source":"tela sonant umeris: haud illo segnior ibat","translation":"the arrows ring on his shoulders: no slower than he went","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tela","lemma":"telum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"arrows"},{"surface":"sonant","lemma":"sono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"umeris","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"illo","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"than he"},{"surface":"segnior","lemma":"segnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"slower"},{"surface":"ibat","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b4-l150","source":"Aeneas; tantum egregio decus enitet ore.","translation":"Aeneas; such grace shines out from that splendid face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"tantum","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"egregio","lemma":"egregius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"decus","lemma":"decus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"grace"},{"surface":"enitet","lemma":"eniteo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shines out"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b4-l151","source":"Postquam altos ventum in montis atque invia lustra,","translation":"When they had come into the high mountains and the trackless lairs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"altos","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ventum","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"montis","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"invia","lemma":"inuius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"trackless"},{"surface":"lustra","lemma":"lustrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"lairs"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b4-l152","source":"ecce ferae, saxi deiectae vertice, caprae","translation":"look, wild goats, driven off the peak of a rock,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ecce","lemma":"ecce","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"ferae","lemma":"ferus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"saxi","lemma":"saxum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"deiectae","lemma":"deicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven off"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"caprae","lemma":"capra","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"goats"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b4-l153","source":"decurrere iugis; alia de parte patentis","translation":"ran down from the ridges; from another side stags cross","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"decurrere","lemma":"decurro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran down"},{"surface":"iugis","lemma":"iugum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"place","gloss":"ridges"},{"surface":"alia","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"patentis","lemma":"pateo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"standing open"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b4-l154","source":"transmittunt cursu campos atque agmina cervi","translation":"the open plains at a run, and mass their columns","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"transmittunt","lemma":"transmitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cross"},{"surface":"cursu","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at a run"},{"surface":"campos","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"plains"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"column of troops"},{"surface":"cervi","lemma":"ceruus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"stags"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b4-l155","source":"pulverulenta fuga glomerant montisque relinquunt.","translation":"in a dusty flight, and leave the mountains behind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pulverulenta","lemma":"puluerulentus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dusty"},{"surface":"fuga","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"glomerant","lemma":"glomero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"mass"},{"surface":"montisque","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"mountains","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"relinquunt","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave behind"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b4-l156","source":"At puer Ascanius mediis in vallibus acri","translation":"But the boy Ascanius, down in the middle of the valleys, delights","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"puer","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"Ascanius","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"mediis","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vallibus","lemma":"ualles","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"valley, vale"},{"surface":"acri","lemma":"acer","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hot"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b4-l157","source":"gaudet equo, iamque hos cursu, iam praeterit illos,","translation":"in his hot horse, and outruns now these, now those,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"gaudet","lemma":"gaudeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"delights"},{"surface":"equo","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"cursu","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at a run"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"praeterit","lemma":"praetereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"outruns"},{"surface":"illos","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"those"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b4-l158","source":"spumantemque dari pecora inter inertia votis","translation":"and prays that among the spiritless herds a foaming boar","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"spumantemque","lemma":"spumo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"foaming","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"dari","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"be granted"},{"surface":"pecora","lemma":"pecus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"herds"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"inertia","lemma":"iners","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"spiritless"},{"surface":"votis","lemma":"uotum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"prayers"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b4-l159","source":"optat aprum, aut fulvum descendere monte leonem.","translation":"may be granted him, or a tawny lion come down from the hill.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"optat","lemma":"opto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"prays"},{"surface":"aprum","lemma":"aper","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"boar"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"fulvum","lemma":"fuluus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tawny"},{"surface":"descendere","lemma":"descendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"come down"},{"surface":"monte","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"from the hill"},{"surface":"leonem","lemma":"leo","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"lion"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b4-l160","source":"Interea magno misceri murmure caelum","translation":"Meanwhile the sky begins to be stirred up with a great","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"misceri","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"begins to be stirred"},{"surface":"murmure","lemma":"murmur","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with rumbling"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b4-l161","source":"incipit; insequitur commixta grandine nimbus;","translation":"rumbling; a rain cloud follows, shot through with hail;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incipit","lemma":"incipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"begins"},{"surface":"insequitur","lemma":"insequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follows"},{"surface":"commixta","lemma":"commisceo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having mingled together"},{"surface":"grandine","lemma":"grando","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with hail"},{"surface":"nimbus","lemma":"nimbus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"storm cloud"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b4-l162","source":"et Tyrii comites passim et Troiana iuventus","translation":"and the Tyrian companions scattered, and the Trojan young men,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tyrii","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrian"},{"surface":"comites","lemma":"comes","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"passim","lemma":"passim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Troiana","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"iuventus","lemma":"iuuentus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"young men"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b4-l163","source":"Dardaniusque nepos Veneris diversa per agros","translation":"and Venus' Dardanian grandson, in fear made for shelter","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardaniusque","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardanian","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"nepos","lemma":"nepos","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"grandson"},{"surface":"Veneris","lemma":"uenus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Venus"},{"surface":"diversa","lemma":"diuersus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"agros","lemma":"ager","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b4-l164","source":"tecta metu petiere; ruunt de montibus amnes.","translation":"in different places over the fields; rivers rush down the hills.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tecta","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shelters"},{"surface":"metu","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"petiere","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"made for"},{"surface":"ruunt","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rush"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"montibus","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"hills"},{"surface":"amnes","lemma":"amnis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"rivers"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b4-l165","source":"Speluncam Dido dux et Troianus eandem","translation":"Dido and the Trojan leader come down into","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Speluncam","lemma":"spelunca","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"dux","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Troianus","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"eandem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b4-l166","source":"deveniunt: prima et Tellus et pronuba Iuno","translation":"the same cave: Earth first, and Juno who leads the bride,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"deveniunt","lemma":"deuenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"come to"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tellus","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pronuba","lemma":"pronubus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"matron-of-honor"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b4-l167","source":"dant signum; fulsere ignes et conscius aether","translation":"give the sign; fires flashed, and the upper air was witness","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dant","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"signum","lemma":"signum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"fulsere","lemma":"fulgeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flashed"},{"surface":"ignes","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"conscius","lemma":"conscius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"witnessing"},{"surface":"aether","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"upper air"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b4-l168","source":"conubiis, summoque ulularunt vertice nymphae.","translation":"to the marriage, and on the high peak the nymphs howled.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l168.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ulularunt","title":"A shortened perfect tense form","body":"ulularunt is a syncopated perfect, shortened from ulularaverunt by dropping a syllable. The verb itself names the ritual wailing used at funerals, which is what the nymphs on the ridge are doing here."}],"words":[{"surface":"conubiis","lemma":"conubium","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"summoque","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ulularunt","lemma":"ululo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"howled"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"nymphae","lemma":"nympha","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"nymphs"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b4-l169","source":"Ille dies primus leti primusque malorum","translation":"That day was the first cause of death, and the first","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dies","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"primus","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"leti","lemma":"letum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"primusque","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"first","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"malorum","lemma":"malum","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"evils"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b4-l170","source":"causa fuit; neque enim specie famave movetur,","translation":"cause of all the evils; for she is not moved by how it looks or by talk,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"causa","lemma":"causa","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"cause"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"enim","lemma":"enim","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"specie","lemma":"species","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by appearance"},{"surface":"famave","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by talk","note":"-ve attached: \"or.\""},{"surface":"movetur","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is moved"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b4-l171","source":"nec iam furtivum Dido meditatur amorem:","translation":"nor does Dido plan a stolen love any longer:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"furtivum","lemma":"furtiuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stolen"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"meditatur","lemma":"meditor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"plans"},{"surface":"amorem","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b4-l172","source":"coniugium vocat; hoc praetexit nomine culpam.","translation":"she calls it marriage; with this name she screens her fault.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l172.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"praetexit","title":"Praetexere means to hem a border","body":"praetexere is literally to sew a border or fringe onto a garment. Dido praetexit, 'trims', her fault with the name coniugium, 'marriage', rather than denying it outright. The same verb, praetexit, returns at line 500."}],"words":[{"surface":"coniugium","lemma":"coniugium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"vocat","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"praetexit","lemma":"praetexo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"screens"},{"surface":"nomine","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"culpam","lemma":"culpa","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fault"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b4-l173","source":"Extemplo Libyae magnas it Fama per urbes—","translation":"At once Rumor goes through the great cities of Libya,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Extemplo","lemma":"extemplo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Libyae","lemma":"libya","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Libya"},{"surface":"magnas","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"it","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"Fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rumor"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"urbes","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"cities"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b4-l174","source":"Fama, malum qua non aliud velocius ullum;","translation":"Rumor, than whom no other evil thing is quicker;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l174.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"malum qua non aliud velocius ullum","title":"A comparison built for speed","body":"qua ... velocius ullum uses an ablative of comparison with a near-superlative sense: of all evils, none is faster. Vergil defines Fama, 'Rumor', by that speed before describing what she looks like."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Rumor"},{"surface":"malum","lemma":"malum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"than whom"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"aliud","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"velocius","lemma":"uelox","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"swifter"},{"surface":"ullum","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b4-l175","source":"mobilitate viget, viresque adquirit eundo,","translation":"she thrives on movement and gathers strength by going,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mobilitate","lemma":"mobilitas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by movement"},{"surface":"viget","lemma":"uigeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"thrives"},{"surface":"viresque","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"strength","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"adquirit","lemma":"acquiro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathers"},{"surface":"eundo","lemma":"eo","morphology":"gerund, ablative","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b4-l176","source":"parva metu primo, mox sese attollit in auras,","translation":"small at first out of fear, then she lifts herself into the air","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"parva","lemma":"paruus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"metu","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"primo","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at first"},{"surface":"mox","lemma":"mox","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"attollit","lemma":"attollo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lifts up"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b4-l177","source":"ingrediturque solo, et caput inter nubila condit.","translation":"and walks on the ground, and hides her head among the clouds.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ingrediturque","lemma":"ingredior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"walks","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"nubila","lemma":"nubilum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"condit","lemma":"condo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hides"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b4-l178","source":"Illam Terra parens, ira inritata deorum,","translation":"Mother Earth, provoked to anger at the gods,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Illam","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Earth"},{"surface":"parens","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ira","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"inritata","lemma":"irrito","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"provoked"},{"surface":"deorum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b4-l179","source":"extremam (ut perhibent) Coeo Enceladoque sororem","translation":"bore her last, they say, a sister to Coeus and Enceladus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"extremam","lemma":"extremus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"perhibent","lemma":"perhibeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"Coeo","lemma":"coeus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Coeus"},{"surface":"Enceladoque","lemma":"enceladus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Enceladus"},{"surface":"sororem","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sister"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b4-l180","source":"progenuit, pedibus celerem et pernicibus alis,","translation":"swift of foot and quick of wing,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"progenuit","lemma":"progigno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"pedibus","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"celerem","lemma":"celer","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pernicibus","lemma":"pernix","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quick"},{"surface":"alis","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wings"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b4-l181","source":"monstrum horrendum, ingens, cui, quot sunt corpore plumae","translation":"a monster, huge, and horrible: for every feather on her body","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"monstrum","lemma":"monstrum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"monster"},{"surface":"horrendum","lemma":"horrendus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"horrible"},{"surface":"ingens","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on whom"},{"surface":"quot","lemma":"quot","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"sunt","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"plumae","lemma":"pluma","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"feathers"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b4-l182","source":"tot vigiles oculi subter, mirabile dictu,","translation":"there is an eye awake beneath it, strange to say,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l182.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"mirabile dictu","title":"A supine ending in -u","body":"dictu is a supine, a verbal noun in the ablative meaning 'to say' or 'in the telling'. It occurs mostly in set phrases like mirabile dictu, 'strange to tell', and Vergil uses the same form again at line 454."}],"words":[{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"vigiles","lemma":"uigil","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"watchful"},{"surface":"oculi","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"subter","lemma":"subter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"mirabile","lemma":"mirabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"dictu","lemma":"dico","morphology":"supine, ablative","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to say"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b4-l183","source":"tot linguae, totidem ora sonant, tot subrigit aures.","translation":"as many tongues, as many mouths sounding, as many ears pricked up.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"linguae","lemma":"lingua","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"tongues"},{"surface":"totidem","lemma":"totidem","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"mouths"},{"surface":"sonant","lemma":"sono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"subrigit","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pricks up"},{"surface":"aures","lemma":"auris","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ears"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b4-l184","source":"Nocte volat caeli medio terraeque per umbram,","translation":"By night she flies through the dark between sky and earth,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nocte","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"volat","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"caeli","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"medio","lemma":"medium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"terraeque","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"earth","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"umbram","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shadow"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b4-l185","source":"stridens, nec dulci declinat lumina somno;","translation":"shrieking, and never lowers her eyes into sweet sleep;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"stridens","lemma":"strideo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shrieking"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"dulci","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"declinat","lemma":"declino","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lowers"},{"surface":"lumina","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"somno","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"into sleep"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b4-l186","source":"luce sedet custos aut summi culmine tecti,","translation":"by day she sits on watch on the ridge of a roof","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"luce","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by day"},{"surface":"sedet","lemma":"sedeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sits"},{"surface":"custos","lemma":"custos","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"watcher"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"summi","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"highest"},{"surface":"culmine","lemma":"culmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"on the ridge"},{"surface":"tecti","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"roof"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b4-l187","source":"turribus aut altis, et magnas territat urbes;","translation":"or on high towers, and puts great cities in fear;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"turribus","lemma":"turris","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"towers"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"altis","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"magnas","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"territat","lemma":"territo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"puts in fear"},{"surface":"urbes","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cities"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b4-l188","source":"tam ficti pravique tenax, quam nuntia veri.","translation":"as tight a grip on the false and the crooked as she is a reporter of truth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l188.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tam ficti pravique tenax, quam nuntia veri","title":"Tenax governs a genitive","body":"tenax, 'holding fast', takes the genitive ficti pravique, 'of the false and the crooked'. The clause balances that grip evenly against nuntia veri, 'a messenger of the true', in the same line."}],"words":[{"surface":"tam","lemma":"tam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ficti","lemma":"fingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"false"},{"surface":"pravique","lemma":"prauus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"crooked","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"tenax","lemma":"tenax","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"tenacious"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"quam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"nuntia","lemma":"nuntius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"reporter"},{"surface":"veri","lemma":"uerus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"truth"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b4-l189","source":"Haec tum multiplici populos sermone replebat","translation":"She then was filling the peoples with talk of every kind,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"multiplici","lemma":"multiplex","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"manifold"},{"surface":"populos","lemma":"populus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"peoples"},{"surface":"sermone","lemma":"sermo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with talk"},{"surface":"replebat","lemma":"repleo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was filling"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b4-l190","source":"gaudens, et pariter facta atque infecta canebat:","translation":"in her joy, and singing what was done and what was not, alike:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l190.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"facta atque infecta","title":"A verb paired with its negative","body":"facta, 'things done', and infecta, 'things not done', are the same participle, one with the negative prefix in-. Rumor, Fama, sings both without distinguishing them, though the report she carries about Dido and Aeneas turns out to be true."}],"words":[{"surface":"gaudens","lemma":"gaudeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pariter","lemma":"pariter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"facta","lemma":"facio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"infecta","lemma":"infectus","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"undone"},{"surface":"canebat","lemma":"cano","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sang"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b4-l191","source":"venisse Aenean, Troiano sanguine cretum,","translation":"that Aeneas had come, grown from Trojan blood,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"venisse","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"Troiano","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"cretum","lemma":"cresco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sprung"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b4-l192","source":"cui se pulchra viro dignetur iungere Dido;","translation":"and that beautiful Dido thought him a man worth joining herself to;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"pulchra","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"viro","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"dignetur","lemma":"dignor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"thought worthy"},{"surface":"iungere","lemma":"iungo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to join"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b4-l193","source":"nunc hiemem inter se luxu, quam longa, fovere","translation":"that now they were keeping each other warm the whole long winter in luxury,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hiemem","lemma":"hiems","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"luxu","lemma":"luxus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in luxury"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"quam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"longa","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"fovere","lemma":"foueo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to keep warm"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b4-l194","source":"regnorum immemores turpique cupidine captos.","translation":"forgetful of their kingdoms and caught by a shameful appetite.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"regnorum","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, genitive plural neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"kingdoms"},{"surface":"immemores","lemma":"immemor","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"forgetful"},{"surface":"turpique","lemma":"turpis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"cupidine","lemma":"cupido","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"appetite"},{"surface":"captos","lemma":"capio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"caught"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b4-l195","source":"Haec passim dea foeda virum diffundit in ora.","translation":"The foul goddess spread this everywhere into the mouths of men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"passim","lemma":"passim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"foeda","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"foul"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"diffundit","lemma":"diffundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"spreads"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"mouths"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b4-l196","source":"Protinus ad regem cursus detorquet Iarban,","translation":"Straight off she bends her course to king Iarbas,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Protinus","lemma":"protinus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"straight off"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"regem","lemma":"rex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"cursus","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"detorquet","lemma":"detorqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bends"},{"surface":"Iarban","lemma":"iarbas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Iarbas"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b4-l197","source":"incenditque animum dictis atque aggerat iras.","translation":"sets his mind alight with words, and heaps his anger up.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incenditque","lemma":"incendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sets fire to","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"animum","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aggerat","lemma":"aggero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaps"},{"surface":"iras","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"anger"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b4-l198","source":"Hic Hammone satus, rapta Garamantide Nympha,","translation":"He was Hammon's son by a Garamantian nymph he had carried off,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Hammone","lemma":"hammon","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from Hammon"},{"surface":"satus","lemma":"sero","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"begotten"},{"surface":"rapta","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"carried off"},{"surface":"Garamantide","lemma":"garamantis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Garamantian"},{"surface":"Nympha","lemma":"nympha","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"nymph"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b4-l199","source":"templa Iovi centum latis immania regnis,","translation":"and had set a hundred huge temples to Jove in his wide realms,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"templa","lemma":"templum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"Iovi","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Jove"},{"surface":"centum","lemma":"centum","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"one hundred"},{"surface":"latis","lemma":"latus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"immania","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"regnis","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"place","gloss":"realms"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b4-l200","source":"centum aras posuit, vigilemque sacraverat ignem,","translation":"a hundred altars, and had consecrated a fire that never sleeps,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"centum","lemma":"centum","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"one hundred"},{"surface":"aras","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"altars"},{"surface":"posuit","lemma":"pono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"vigilemque","lemma":"uigil","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wakeful","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"sacraverat","lemma":"sacro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"consecrated"},{"surface":"ignem","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b4-l201","source":"excubias divom aeternas, pecudumque cruore","translation":"an everlasting watch kept for the gods; the ground was fat","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"excubias","lemma":"excubiae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"aeternas","lemma":"aeternus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"everlasting"},{"surface":"pecudumque","lemma":"pecus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"beasts","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"cruore","lemma":"cruor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b4-l202","source":"pingue solum et variis florentia limina sertis.","translation":"with the blood of beasts, the thresholds flowering with garlands of every kind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pingue","lemma":"pinguis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"solum","lemma":"solum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"variis","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"every kind"},{"surface":"florentia","lemma":"floreo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"flowering"},{"surface":"limina","lemma":"limen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"thresholds"},{"surface":"sertis","lemma":"sertum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with garlands"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b4-l203","source":"Isque amens animi et rumore accensus amaro","translation":"And he, out of his mind and set alight by the bitter report,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Isque","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"amens","lemma":"amens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"out of his mind"},{"surface":"animi","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rumore","lemma":"rumor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"report"},{"surface":"accensus","lemma":"accendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"set alight"},{"surface":"amaro","lemma":"amarus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b4-l204","source":"dicitur ante aras media inter numina divom","translation":"is said to have prayed much to Jove before the altars,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dicitur","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is said"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"aras","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"altars"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"numina","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"presences"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the gods"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b4-l205","source":"multa Iovem manibus supplex orasse supinis:","translation":"in among the presences of the gods, a suppliant with palms turned up:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"Iovem","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Jove"},{"surface":"manibus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"palms"},{"surface":"supplex","lemma":"supplex","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"suppliant"},{"surface":"orasse","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"supinis","lemma":"supinus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"upturned"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b4-l206","source":"“Iuppiter omnipotens, cui nunc Maurusia pictis","translation":"“Jupiter all-powerful, to whom the Moorish race, feasting now","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"omnipotens","lemma":"omnipotens","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all-powerful"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Maurusia","lemma":"maurusius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Moorish"},{"surface":"pictis","lemma":"pingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"embroidered"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b4-l207","source":"gens epulata toris Lenaeum libat honorem,","translation":"on embroidered couches, pours the Lenaean offering,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"gens","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"epulata","lemma":"epulor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"feasting"},{"surface":"toris","lemma":"torus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"couches"},{"surface":"Lenaeum","lemma":"lenaeus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Lenaean"},{"surface":"libat","lemma":"libo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pours"},{"surface":"honorem","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"offering"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b4-l208","source":"aspicis haec, an te, genitor, cum fulmina torques,","translation":"do you see this? Or when you hurl the lightning, father,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aspicis","lemma":"aspicio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you see"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"genitor","lemma":"genitor","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"fulmina","lemma":"fulmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"lightning"},{"surface":"torques","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"hurl"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b4-l209","source":"nequiquam horremus, caecique in nubibus ignes","translation":"do we shudder for nothing, and do unseeing fires in the clouds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nequiquam","lemma":"nequiquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for nothing"},{"surface":"horremus","lemma":"horreo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shudder at"},{"surface":"caecique","lemma":"caecus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unseeing"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nubibus","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"ignes","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fires"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b4-l210","source":"terrificant animos et inania murmura miscent?","translation":"terrify our hearts and stir up an empty rumbling?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terrificant","lemma":"terrifico","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"terrify"},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inania","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"murmura","lemma":"murmur","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"rumblings"},{"surface":"miscent","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stir up"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b4-l211","source":"Femina, quae nostris errans in finibus urbem","translation":"A woman, who came wandering into our borders and set up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Femina","lemma":"femina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"nostris","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"errans","lemma":"erro","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"finibus","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"borders"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"town"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b4-l212","source":"exiguam pretio posuit, cui litus arandum","translation":"a paltry town for a price, to whom we gave a shore to plow","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exiguam","lemma":"exiguus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"paltry"},{"surface":"pretio","lemma":"pretium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"price"},{"surface":"posuit","lemma":"pono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"set up"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"litus","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"arandum","lemma":"aro","morphology":"gerundive, accusative singular neuter","role":"obligation","gloss":"to be plowed"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b4-l213","source":"cuique loci leges dedimus, conubia nostra","translation":"and the terms of the place, she has thrown our marriage back","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cuique","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"loci","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"leges","lemma":"lex","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"laws"},{"surface":"dedimus","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 1st plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"conubia","lemma":"conubium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"nostra","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b4-l214","source":"reppulit, ac dominum Aenean in regna recepit.","translation":"and taken Aeneas into her kingdom as its master.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"reppulit","lemma":"repello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has thrown back"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dominum","lemma":"dominus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"regna","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"kingdoms"},{"surface":"recepit","lemma":"recipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has taken"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b4-l215","source":"Et nunc ille Paris cum semiviro comitatu,","translation":"And now that Paris, with his half-man following,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Paris","lemma":"paris","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"semiviro","lemma":"semiuir","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"half-man"},{"surface":"comitatu","lemma":"comitatus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"following"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b4-l216","source":"Maeonia mentum mitra crinemque madentem","translation":"his chin and his dripping hair tied under a Maeonian","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Maeonia","lemma":"maeonius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Maeonian"},{"surface":"mentum","lemma":"mentum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chin"},{"surface":"mitra","lemma":"mitra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bonnet"},{"surface":"crinemque","lemma":"crinis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hair","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"madentem","lemma":"madeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dripping"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b4-l217","source":"subnexus, rapto potitur: nos munera templis","translation":"bonnet, is in possession of what he stole; while we bring offerings","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l217.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"rapto potitur","title":"Potior takes an ablative object","body":"potior, 'to gain possession of', governs the ablative, here rapto, the neuter participle raptum, 'the stolen thing', used as a noun. Iarbas names the theft, potitur, without naming Dido."}],"words":[{"surface":"subnexus","lemma":"subnecto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been bound under"},{"surface":"rapto","lemma":"raptum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"plunder"},{"surface":"potitur","lemma":"potior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"is in possession of"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"munera","lemma":"munus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"offerings"},{"surface":"templis","lemma":"templum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"temples"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b4-l218","source":"quippe tuis ferimus, famamque fovemus inanem.”","translation":"to your temples, no doubt, and nurse an empty name.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quippe","lemma":"quippe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no doubt"},{"surface":"tuis","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ferimus","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"famamque","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"name","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"fovemus","lemma":"foueo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"nurse"},{"surface":"inanem","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b4-l219","source":"Talibus orantem dictis arasque tenentem","translation":"As he prayed in such words and held the altars,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"orantem","lemma":"oro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"arasque","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"altars","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"tenentem","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b4-l220","source":"audiit omnipotens, oculosque ad moenia torsit","translation":"the all-powerful heard, and turned his eyes to the royal","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"audiit","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"omnipotens","lemma":"omnipotens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"all-powerful"},{"surface":"oculosque","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eyes","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"torsit","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b4-l221","source":"regia et oblitos famae melioris amantes.","translation":"walls, and to the lovers, forgetful of their better name.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"regia","lemma":"regius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"royal"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"oblitos","lemma":"obliuiscor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"forgetful"},{"surface":"famae","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"melioris","lemma":"bonus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"amantes","lemma":"amo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"lovers"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b4-l222","source":"Tum sic Mercurium adloquitur ac talia mandat:","translation":"Then he speaks to Mercury so, and lays this charge on him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Mercurium","lemma":"mercurius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Mercury"},{"surface":"adloquitur","lemma":"adloquor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks to"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"mandat","lemma":"mando","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"charges"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b4-l223","source":"“Vade age, nate, voca Zephyros et labere pennis,","translation":"“Go now, son, call the west winds and glide down on your wings,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vade","lemma":"uado","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"age","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"nate","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"voca","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"Zephyros","lemma":"zephyrus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"west winds"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"labere","lemma":"labor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"glide"},{"surface":"pennis","lemma":"penna","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on your wings"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b4-l224","source":"Dardaniumque ducem, Tyria Karthagine qui nunc","translation":"and the Dardanian leader, who at this moment is waiting","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardaniumque","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardanian","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ducem","lemma":"dux","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"Tyria","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrian"},{"surface":"Karthagine","lemma":"carthago","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"in Carthage"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b4-l225","source":"exspectat, fatisque datas non respicit urbes,","translation":"in Tyrian Carthage and gives no thought to the cities the fates have granted,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exspectat","lemma":"exspecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"waits for"},{"surface":"fatisque","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fates","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"datas","lemma":"do","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"respicit","lemma":"respicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gives thought to"},{"surface":"urbes","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cities"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b4-l226","source":"adloquere, et celeris defer mea dicta per auras.","translation":"speak to him, and bring my words down through the racing air.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adloquere","lemma":"adloquor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"speak to"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"celeris","lemma":"celer","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"racing"},{"surface":"defer","lemma":"defero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"bring down"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b4-l227","source":"Non illum nobis genetrix pulcherrima talem","translation":"This is not the man his most beautiful mother promised","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"illum","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"nobis","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"genetrix","lemma":"genetrix","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"pulcherrima","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"most beautiful"},{"surface":"talem","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b4-l228","source":"promisit, Graiumque ideo bis vindicat armis;","translation":"to us, nor what she twice saved him from Greek weapons for;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"promisit","lemma":"promitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"Graiumque","lemma":"graius","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Greek","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ideo","lemma":"ideo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"for that"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"twice"},{"surface":"vindicat","lemma":"uindico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rescues"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weapons"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b4-l229","source":"sed fore, qui gravidam imperiis belloque frementem","translation":"but one who would govern an Italy heavy with empire","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"fore","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, future infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"gravidam","lemma":"grauidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"imperiis","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"empires"},{"surface":"belloque","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"frementem","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"roaring"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b4-l230","source":"Italiam regeret, genus alto a sanguine Teucri","translation":"and roaring with war, would carry forward a line","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"regeret","lemma":"rego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"would rule"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"Teucri","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Teucer"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b4-l231","source":"proderet, ac totum sub leges mitteret orbem.","translation":"out of the high blood of Teucer, and put the whole world under law.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"proderet","lemma":"prodo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"carry forward"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"totum","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"leges","lemma":"lex","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"laws"},{"surface":"mitteret","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"would put"},{"surface":"orbem","lemma":"orbis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b4-l232","source":"Si nulla accendit tantarum gloria rerum,","translation":"If the glory of such things kindles nothing in him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"nulla","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"accendit","lemma":"accendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"kindles"},{"surface":"tantarum","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"gloria","lemma":"gloria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"things"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b4-l233","source":"nec super ipse sua molitur laude laborem,","translation":"and he will not take the labor on for his own praise,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sua","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"molitur","lemma":"molior","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"undertakes"},{"surface":"laude","lemma":"laus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"praise"},{"surface":"laborem","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"labor"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b4-l234","source":"Ascanione pater Romanas invidet arces?","translation":"does the father grudge Ascanius the citadels of Rome?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ascanione","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Ascanius","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Romanas","lemma":"romanus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Roman"},{"surface":"invidet","lemma":"inuideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"grudges"},{"surface":"arces","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"citadels"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b4-l235","source":"Quid struit, aut qua spe inimica in gente moratur,","translation":"What is he building, or on what hope does he wait among a hostile people,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"struit","lemma":"struo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"builds"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"spe","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"inimica","lemma":"inimicus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"moratur","lemma":"moror","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"does he wait"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b4-l236","source":"nec prolem Ausoniam et Lavinia respicit arva?","translation":"with no look for his Ausonian offspring and the Lavinian fields?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"prolem","lemma":"proles","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"Ausoniam","lemma":"ausonius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Ausonian"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Lavinia","lemma":"lauinius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"Lavinian"},{"surface":"respicit","lemma":"respicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"looks back"},{"surface":"arva","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b4-l237","source":"Naviget: haec summa est; hic nostri nuntius esto.”","translation":"Let him sail. That is the whole of it. Be that our message.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l237.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Naviget","title":"A jussive subjunctive stands alone","body":"Naviget, 'let him sail', is a jussive subjunctive: a command given in the third person. Jupiter's whole decision is this one verb, with short sentences on either side of it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Naviget","lemma":"nauigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"summa","lemma":"summa","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"sum"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"nostri","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, genitive singular","role":"possessive","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"nuntius","lemma":"nuntius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"message"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"let it be"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b4-l238","source":"Dixerat. Ille patris magni parere parabat","translation":"He had spoken. Mercury made ready to obey his great father's","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dixerat","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had spoken"},{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"patris","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"magni","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"parere","lemma":"pareo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to obey"},{"surface":"parabat","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was making ready"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b4-l239","source":"imperio; et primum pedibus talaria nectit","translation":"command; and first he binds the golden sandals to his feet,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"imperio","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"command"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"pedibus","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to his feet"},{"surface":"talaria","lemma":"talaria","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"winged sandals of Mercury"},{"surface":"nectit","lemma":"necto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"binds"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b4-l240","source":"aurea, quae sublimem alis sive aequora supra","translation":"which carry him high on their wings, whether over the seas","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aurea","lemma":"aureus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sublimem","lemma":"sublimis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"alis","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"sive","lemma":"siue","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"seas"},{"surface":"supra","lemma":"supra","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b4-l241","source":"seu terram rapido pariter cum flamine portant;","translation":"or over the land, level with the racing gale;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"seu","lemma":"siue","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or if"},{"surface":"terram","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"rapido","lemma":"rapidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"racing"},{"surface":"pariter","lemma":"pariter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"level"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"flamine","lemma":"flamen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"gale"},{"surface":"portant","lemma":"porto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b4-l242","source":"tum virgam capit: hac animas ille evocat Orco","translation":"then he takes his wand: with it he calls pale souls up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"virgam","lemma":"uirga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"wand"},{"surface":"capit","lemma":"capio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"hac","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with it"},{"surface":"animas","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"souls"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"evocat","lemma":"euoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls forth"},{"surface":"Orco","lemma":"orcus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"Orcus"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b4-l243","source":"pallentis, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit,","translation":"out of Orcus, sends others down under grim Tartarus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pallentis","lemma":"palleo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"alias","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"Tartara","lemma":"tartarus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Tartarus"},{"surface":"tristia","lemma":"tristis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"mittit","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sends"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b4-l244","source":"dat somnos adimitque, et lumina morte resignat.","translation":"gives sleep and takes it away, and unseals eyes in death.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l244.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"lumina morte resignat","title":"Resignare means to unseal","body":"resignare is to break a seal, to open something that was closed. lumina ... resignat, 'unseals the eyes', describes death as an opening of the eyes rather than a closing of them."}],"words":[{"surface":"dat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"somnos","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"adimitque","lemma":"adimo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes away","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lumina","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"resignat","lemma":"resigno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"unseals"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b4-l245","source":"Illa fretus agit ventos, et turbida tranat","translation":"Trusting to it he drives the winds and swims across","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fretus","lemma":"fretus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"trusting"},{"surface":"agit","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"ventos","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"turbida","lemma":"turbidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"churning"},{"surface":"tranat","lemma":"trano","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"swims across"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b4-l246","source":"nubila; iamque volans apicem et latera ardua cernit","translation":"the churning clouds; and now in flight he makes out the peak","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nubila","lemma":"nubilum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"iamque","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"volans","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"apicem","lemma":"apex","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"latera","lemma":"latus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sides"},{"surface":"ardua","lemma":"arduus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"cernit","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes out"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b4-l247","source":"Atlantis duri, caelum qui vertice fulcit,","translation":"and steep sides of hard Atlas, who props the sky on his head,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atlantis","lemma":"atlas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Atlas'"},{"surface":"duri","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his head"},{"surface":"fulcit","lemma":"fulcio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"props"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b4-l248","source":"Atlantis, cinctum adsidue cui nubibus atris","translation":"Atlas, whose pine-bearing head, forever ringed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atlantis","lemma":"atlas","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Atlas"},{"surface":"cinctum","lemma":"cingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"ringed"},{"surface":"adsidue","lemma":"assiduus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"nubibus","lemma":"nubes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with clouds"},{"surface":"atris","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b4-l249","source":"piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri;","translation":"about with black clouds, is beaten by wind and by rain;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"piniferum","lemma":"pinifer","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"covered with"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"vento","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"pulsatur","lemma":"pulso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is beaten"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"imbri","lemma":"imber","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by rain"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b4-l250","source":"nix umeros infusa tegit; tum flumina mento","translation":"snow lies poured over his shoulders; then rivers come headlong","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nix","lemma":"nix","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"umeros","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"infusa","lemma":"infundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having poured in"},{"surface":"tegit","lemma":"tego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"covers"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"flumina","lemma":"flumen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"rivers"},{"surface":"mento","lemma":"mentum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"chin"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b4-l251","source":"praecipitant senis, et glacie riget horrida barba.","translation":"down the old man's chin, and his rough beard is stiff with ice.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praecipitant","lemma":"praecipito","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rush down"},{"surface":"senis","lemma":"senex","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"glacie","lemma":"glacies","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"riget","lemma":"rigeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is stiff"},{"surface":"horrida","lemma":"horridus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rough"},{"surface":"barba","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"beard"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b4-l252","source":"Hic primum paribus nitens Cyllenius alis","translation":"Here the Cyllenian first came to a stop, balanced","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"paribus","lemma":"par","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"level"},{"surface":"nitens","lemma":"nitor","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"balanced"},{"surface":"Cyllenius","lemma":"cyllenius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Cyllenian"},{"surface":"alis","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wings"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b4-l253","source":"constitit; hinc toto praeceps se corpore ad undas","translation":"on level wings; from here he threw himself headlong, his whole body","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"constitit","lemma":"consisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"came to a stop"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"toto","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"praeceps","lemma":"praeceps","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"headlong"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"undas","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"waves"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b4-l254","source":"misit, avi similis, quae circum litora, circum","translation":"toward the waves, like a bird that flies low around the shores,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"misit","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"avi","lemma":"auis","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to a bird"},{"surface":"similis","lemma":"similis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b4-l255","source":"piscosos scopulos humilis volat aequora iuxta.","translation":"around the fish-thick rocks, close along the water.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"piscosos","lemma":"piscosus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"teeming with fish"},{"surface":"scopulos","lemma":"scopulus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"humilis","lemma":"humilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"low"},{"surface":"volat","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"flies"},{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"iuxta","lemma":"iuxta","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"close along"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b4-l256","source":"Haud aliter terras inter caelumque volabat,","translation":"No differently the Cyllenian offspring was flying","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aliter","lemma":"aliter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"differently"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"caelumque","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"volabat","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was flying"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b4-l257","source":"litus harenosum Libyae ventosque secabat","translation":"between earth and sky, cutting the winds and the sandy shore","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"litus","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"harenosum","lemma":"harenosus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sandy"},{"surface":"Libyae","lemma":"libya","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of Libya"},{"surface":"ventosque","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"secabat","lemma":"seco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was cutting"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b4-l258","source":"materno veniens ab avo Cyllenia proles.","translation":"of Libya, on his way from his mother's father.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"materno","lemma":"maternus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mother's"},{"surface":"veniens","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"avo","lemma":"auus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"grandfather"},{"surface":"Cyllenia","lemma":"cyllenius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Cyllenian"},{"surface":"proles","lemma":"proles","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"offspring"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b4-l259","source":"Ut primum alatis tetigit magalia plantis,","translation":"As soon as he touched the huts with his winged feet,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l259.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"magalia","title":"A Punic word kept as is","body":"magalia is a Punic word for the round African huts, taken into Latin without translation. Vergil keeps the foreign word for the dwellings Mercury finds under construction at Carthage."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"alatis","lemma":"alatus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"winged"},{"surface":"tetigit","lemma":"tango","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"magalia","lemma":"magalia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"plantis","lemma":"planta","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"feet"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b4-l260","source":"Aenean fundantem arces ac tecta novantem","translation":"he catches sight of Aeneas laying out citadels and","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"fundantem","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"laying out"},{"surface":"arces","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"citadels"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tecta","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"novantem","lemma":"nouo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"building anew"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b4-l261","source":"conspicit; atque illi stellatus iaspide fulva","translation":"building new houses; and his sword was starred","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conspicit","lemma":"conspicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"catches sight of"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"stellatus","lemma":"stellatus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"starred"},{"surface":"iaspide","lemma":"iaspis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"jasper"},{"surface":"fulva","lemma":"fuluus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tawny"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b4-l262","source":"ensis erat, Tyrioque ardebat murice laena","translation":"with tawny jasper, and a cloak burned with Tyrian purple,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ensis","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Tyrioque","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Tyrian","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ardebat","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"murice","lemma":"murex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with purple"},{"surface":"laena","lemma":"laena","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"woolen double cloak"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b4-l263","source":"demissa ex umeris, dives quae munera Dido","translation":"hanging from his shoulders, gifts that wealthy Dido","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"demissa","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hanging"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"umeris","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"dives","lemma":"diues","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wealthy"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"munera","lemma":"munus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b4-l264","source":"fecerat, et tenui telas discreverat auro.","translation":"had made, and had parted the web with a thread of fine gold.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fecerat","lemma":"facio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had made"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tenui","lemma":"tenuis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"telas","lemma":"tela","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"web"},{"surface":"discreverat","lemma":"discerno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had parted"},{"surface":"auro","lemma":"aurum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with gold"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b4-l265","source":"Continuo invadit: “Tu nunc Karthaginis altae","translation":"He goes at him at once: “So now you lay the foundations","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Continuo","lemma":"continuo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"invadit","lemma":"inuado","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes at him"},{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Karthaginis","lemma":"carthago","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Carthage"},{"surface":"altae","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b4-l266","source":"fundamenta locas, pulchramque uxorius urbem","translation":"of high Carthage, and, a wife's man, build up a beautiful","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l266.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"uxorius","title":"An insult, not a compliment","body":"uxorius, 'devoted to a wife', describes a man run by his household, and Roman usage takes it as an insult rather than praise. Mercury applies it to Aeneas, who is not even married to Dido."}],"words":[{"surface":"fundamenta","lemma":"fundamentum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"foundations"},{"surface":"locas","lemma":"loco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"pulchramque","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"uxorius","lemma":"uxorius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of or belonging to a wife"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b4-l267","source":"exstruis, heu regni rerumque oblite tuarum?","translation":"city, ah, forgetful of your own kingdom and your own affairs?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exstruis","lemma":"exstruo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"build up"},{"surface":"heu","lemma":"heu","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"regni","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"kingdom"},{"surface":"rerumque","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"affairs"},{"surface":"oblite","lemma":"obliuiscor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"forgetful"},{"surface":"tuarum","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b4-l268","source":"Ipse deum tibi me claro demittit Olympo","translation":"The ruler of the gods himself sends me down to you","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"deum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"claro","lemma":"clarus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"demittit","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sends down"},{"surface":"Olympo","lemma":"olympus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b4-l269","source":"regnator, caelum ac terras qui numine torquet;","translation":"from bright Olympus, who turns sky and earth with his will;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"regnator","lemma":"regnator","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"ruler"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"numine","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with his will"},{"surface":"torquet","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"turns"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b4-l270","source":"ipse haec ferre iubet celeris mandata per auras:","translation":"he himself orders me to carry this charge through the quick air:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ferre","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to carry"},{"surface":"iubet","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"orders"},{"surface":"celeris","lemma":"celer","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quick"},{"surface":"mandata","lemma":"mandatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"charge"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b4-l271","source":"quid struis, aut qua spe Libycis teris otia terris?","translation":"what are you building, or on what hope do you wear out your leisure in Libyan lands?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"struis","lemma":"struo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"build"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"spe","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"Libycis","lemma":"libycus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Libyan"},{"surface":"teris","lemma":"tero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wear out"},{"surface":"otia","lemma":"otium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"leisure"},{"surface":"terris","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"lands"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b4-l272","source":"Si te nulla movet tantarum gloria rerum,","translation":"If the glory of such things moves you not at all,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"nulla","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"movet","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"moves"},{"surface":"tantarum","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"gloria","lemma":"gloria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"rerum","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"things"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b4-l273","source":"nec super ipse tua moliris laude laborem,","translation":"and you will not take the labor on for your own praise,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you yourself"},{"surface":"tua","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"moliris","lemma":"molior","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"undertake"},{"surface":"laude","lemma":"laus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"praise"},{"surface":"laborem","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"labor"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b4-l274","source":"Ascanium surgentem et spes heredis Iuli","translation":"look to Ascanius growing up, to the hopes of Iulus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ascanium","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"surgentem","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"growing up"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"spes","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hopes"},{"surface":"heredis","lemma":"heres","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"heir"},{"surface":"Iuli","lemma":"iulus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Iulus"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b4-l275","source":"respice, cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus","translation":"your heir, to whom the kingdom of Italy and the Roman land","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"respice","lemma":"respicio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"look back"},{"surface":"cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"regnum","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"kingdom"},{"surface":"Italiae","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"Romanaque","lemma":"romanus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Roman"},{"surface":"tellus","lemma":"tellus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b4-l276","source":"debentur.” Tali Cyllenius ore locutus","translation":"are owed.” When the Cyllenian had spoken so,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"debentur","lemma":"debeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are owed"},{"surface":"Tali","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Cyllenius","lemma":"cyllenius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Cyllenian"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"locutus","lemma":"loquor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having spoken"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b4-l277","source":"mortalis visus medio sermone reliquit,","translation":"he left mortal sight in the middle of the speech,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mortalis","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"visus","lemma":"uisus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"medio","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"sermone","lemma":"sermo","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"reliquit","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"left behind"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b4-l278","source":"et procul in tenuem ex oculis evanuit auram.","translation":"and far off vanished out of their eyes into thin air.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"procul","lemma":"procul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tenuem","lemma":"tenuis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"evanuit","lemma":"euanesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"vanished"},{"surface":"auram","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b4-l279","source":"At vero Aeneas aspectu obmutuit amens,","translation":"But Aeneas, out of his wits at the sight, was struck dumb;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l279.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"amens","title":"A word for being unhinged","body":"amens breaks down as a-mens, 'without a mind'. Vergil used the same word earlier of Iarbas, driven mad by rumor, and gives it to Aeneas exactly this once, at the moment the god departs."}],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"aspectu","lemma":"aspectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"obmutuit","lemma":"obmutesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was struck dumb"},{"surface":"amens","lemma":"amens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"out of his wits"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b4-l280","source":"arrectaeque horrore comae, et vox faucibus haesit.","translation":"his hair stood up in terror, and his voice stuck in his throat.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arrectaeque","lemma":"arrigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"stood up"},{"surface":"horrore","lemma":"horror","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"terror"},{"surface":"comae","lemma":"coma","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vox","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"faucibus","lemma":"fauces","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"haesit","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stuck"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b4-l281","source":"Ardet abire fuga dulcisque relinquere terras,","translation":"He burns to be gone in flight and leave the sweet land,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ardet","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"burns"},{"surface":"abire","lemma":"abeo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be gone"},{"surface":"fuga","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"dulcisque","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"relinquere","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to leave behind"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"lands"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b4-l282","source":"attonitus tanto monitu imperioque deorum.","translation":"thunderstruck by so great a warning and command of the gods.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"attonitus","lemma":"attonitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thunderstruck"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"monitu","lemma":"monitus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"warning"},{"surface":"imperioque","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"command","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"deorum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b4-l283","source":"Heu quid agat? Quo nunc reginam ambire furentem","translation":"Ah, what is he to do? With what words dare he now go round","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Heu","lemma":"heu","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"agat","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is he to do"},{"surface":"Quo","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"reginam","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"ambire","lemma":"ambio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go round"},{"surface":"furentem","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b4-l284","source":"audeat adfatu? Quae prima exordia sumat?","translation":"the queen in her madness? What opening is he to take first?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"audeat","lemma":"audeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"dare he"},{"surface":"adfatu","lemma":"affatus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"address, speech"},{"surface":"Quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"exordia","lemma":"exordium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"beginnings"},{"surface":"sumat","lemma":"sumo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is he to take"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b4-l285","source":"Atque animum nunc huc celerem, nunc dividit illuc,","translation":"And he divides his quick mind now this way, now that,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"animum","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"celerem","lemma":"celer","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quick"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"dividit","lemma":"diuido","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"divides"},{"surface":"illuc","lemma":"illuc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"that way"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b4-l286","source":"in partisque rapit varias perque omnia versat.","translation":"snatches it into different parts, and turns it through everything.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"partisque","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"parts"},{"surface":"rapit","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"snatches"},{"surface":"varias","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"perque","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"versat","lemma":"uerso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps turning"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b4-l287","source":"Haec alternanti potior sententia visa est:","translation":"As he shifted back and forth, this seemed the stronger course:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"alternanti","lemma":"alterno","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"wavering"},{"surface":"potior","lemma":"potior","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, comparative","role":"predicate","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"sententia","lemma":"sententia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"visa","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b4-l288","source":"Mnesthea Sergestumque vocat fortemque Serestum,","translation":"he calls Mnestheus and Sergestus and brave Serestus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mnesthea","lemma":"mnestheus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Mnestheus"},{"surface":"Sergestumque","lemma":"sergestus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Sergestus"},{"surface":"vocat","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"fortemque","lemma":"fortis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"Serestum","lemma":"serestus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Serestus"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b4-l289","source":"classem aptent taciti sociosque ad litora cogant,","translation":"let them fit the fleet out quietly and gather the crews to the shore,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"classem","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"aptent","lemma":"apto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let them fit out"},{"surface":"taciti","lemma":"tacitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"sociosque","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"crews","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"cogant","lemma":"cogo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let them gather"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b4-l290","source":"arma parent, et quae rebus sit causa novandis","translation":"make the gear ready, and hide the reason for the change","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"gear"},{"surface":"parent","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let them make ready"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"rebus","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"affairs"},{"surface":"sit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"causa","lemma":"causa","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"novandis","lemma":"nouo","morphology":"gerundive, dative plural feminine","role":"obligation","gloss":"to be changed"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b4-l291","source":"dissimulent; sese interea, quando optuma Dido","translation":"in their affairs; he himself, meanwhile, since the best of women, Dido,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l291.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sese ... temptaturum","title":"Aeneas's plan reported indirectly","body":"From this point the plan runs in indirect speech: subjunctive clauses for the commands he gives and an accusative-infinitive construction, sese temptaturum, 'that he himself would try', for what he intends. The narrator reports the instructions; Aeneas is not given direct words in the scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"dissimulent","lemma":"dissimulo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let them hide"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"interea","lemma":"interea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"optuma","lemma":"optimus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b4-l292","source":"nesciat et tantos rumpi non speret amores,","translation":"knows nothing and does not expect so great a love to break,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nesciat","lemma":"nescio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"knows nothing"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tantos","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"rumpi","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to break"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"speret","lemma":"spero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"expects"},{"surface":"amores","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b4-l293","source":"temptaturum aditus, et quae mollissima fandi","translation":"will try for a way in, and for the gentlest hours","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l293.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quae mollissima fandi tempora","title":"A superlative inside its own phrase","body":"mollissima, a superlative of mollis, 'gentle', is placed inside the noun phrase it modifies, with fandi, a gerund meaning 'of speaking', in the genitive: 'which are the gentlest times for speaking'. The ships are already being made ready while he looks for one."}],"words":[{"surface":"temptaturum","lemma":"tento","morphology":"participle, future active accusative singular masculine","role":"infinitive","gloss":"would try"},{"surface":"aditus","lemma":"aditus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"way in"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"mollissima","lemma":"mollis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"gentlest"},{"surface":"fandi","lemma":"for","morphology":"gerund, genitive","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"speaking"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b4-l294","source":"tempora, quis rebus dexter modus. Ocius omnes","translation":"for speaking, the right handling of the matter. Quickly they all","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tempora","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"rebus","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the matter"},{"surface":"dexter","lemma":"dexter","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"modus","lemma":"modus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"handling"},{"surface":"Ocius","lemma":"ocius","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b4-l295","source":"imperio laeti parent ac iussa facessunt.","translation":"obey the order, glad of it, and carry the commands out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"imperio","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the order"},{"surface":"laeti","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"parent","lemma":"pareo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"iussa","lemma":"iussum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"commands"},{"surface":"facessunt","lemma":"facesso","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry out"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b4-l296","source":"At regina dolos—quis fallere possit amantem?","translation":"But the queen sensed the trick beforehand (who could deceive","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l296.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quis fallere possit amantem?","title":"The narrator asks a question","body":"quis fallere possit amantem, 'who could deceive one in love', is a question the narrator asks directly, breaking into his own sentence. It is the only direct judgment the narrator offers anywhere in this scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"dolos","lemma":"dolus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"trick"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"fallere","lemma":"fallo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to deceive"},{"surface":"possit","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"amantem","lemma":"amo","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"lover"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b4-l297","source":"praesensit, motusque excepit prima futuros,","translation":"a lover?) and was the first to catch the movements to come,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praesensit","lemma":"praesentio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sensed beforehand"},{"surface":"motusque","lemma":"motus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"movements","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"excepit","lemma":"excipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"futuros","lemma":"futurus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"to come"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b4-l298","source":"omnia tuta timens. Eadem impia Fama furenti","translation":"afraid of everything, even the safe. The same unholy Rumor","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l298.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"omnia tuta timens","title":"Neuter adjective functions as noun","body":"tuta, 'safe things', is a neuter plural adjective used here as a noun, the object of timens, 'fearing'. The phrase omnia tuta timens, 'fearing all safe things', places tuta between omnia and timens."}],"words":[{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"tuta","lemma":"tutus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"timens","lemma":"timeo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"Eadem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"impia","lemma":"impius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unholy"},{"surface":"Fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rumor"},{"surface":"furenti","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b4-l299","source":"detulit armari classem cursumque parari.","translation":"brought her, in her madness, word that the fleet was arming and a course being set.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"detulit","lemma":"defero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought word"},{"surface":"armari","lemma":"armo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"was being armed"},{"surface":"classem","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"cursumque","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"parari","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be prepared"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b4-l300","source":"Saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem","translation":"She rages, helpless in her mind, and burning goes wild","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Saevit","lemma":"saeuio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"inops","lemma":"inops","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"helpless"},{"surface":"animi","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"totamque","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"incensa","lemma":"incendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b4-l301","source":"bacchatur, qualis commotis excita sacris","translation":"through the whole city, like a Thyiad started up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bacchatur","lemma":"bacchor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes wild"},{"surface":"qualis","lemma":"qualis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"commotis","lemma":"commoueo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaken"},{"surface":"excita","lemma":"excio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"sacris","lemma":"sacer","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"holy things"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b4-l302","source":"Thyias, ubi audito stimulant trieterica Baccho","translation":"when the holy things are shaken, when the cry of Bacchus is heard","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Thyias","lemma":"thyias","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Thyiad"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"audito","lemma":"audio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"stimulant","lemma":"stimulo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"urge forward with a goad"},{"surface":"trieterica","lemma":"trietericus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"third-year"},{"surface":"Baccho","lemma":"bacchus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Bacchus"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b4-l303","source":"orgia, nocturnusque vocat clamore Cithaeron.","translation":"and goads the third-year rites, and Cithaeron calls her by night.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"orgia","lemma":"orgia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"rites"},{"surface":"nocturnusque","lemma":"nocturnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"nightly","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"vocat","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"clamore","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a cry"},{"surface":"Cithaeron","lemma":"cithaeron","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Cithaeron"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b4-l304","source":"Tandem his Aenean compellat vocibus ultro:","translation":"At last, unasked, she goes at Aeneas in these words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tandem","lemma":"tandem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"his","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"Aenean","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"compellat","lemma":"compello","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"accosts"},{"surface":"vocibus","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ultro","lemma":"ultro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"unasked"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b4-l305","source":"“Dissimulare etiam sperasti, perfide, tantum","translation":"“Did you even hope, faithless one, that you could hide","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l305.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"perfide","title":"Faithless comes from breaking a pledge","body":"perfidus breaks down as per fidem, 'straight through the pledge', naming one who goes back on a promise. Dido calls Aeneas perfide, 'faithless', three times across this book."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dissimulare","lemma":"dissimulo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to hide"},{"surface":"etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"sperasti","lemma":"spero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did you hope"},{"surface":"perfide","lemma":"perfidus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"faithless one"},{"surface":"tantum","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b4-l306","source":"posse nefas, tacitusque mea decedere terra?","translation":"so great a wrong, and go from my land without a word?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"posse","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"nefas","lemma":"nefas","morphology":"noun, indeclinable","role":"object","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"tacitusque","lemma":"tacitus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"silent","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"decedere","lemma":"decedo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b4-l307","source":"Nec te noster amor, nec te data dextera quondam,","translation":"Does our love not hold you, nor the right hand you once gave,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"does not"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"noster","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"data","lemma":"do","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"dextera","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"quondam","lemma":"quondam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"once"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b4-l308","source":"nec moritura tenet crudeli funere Dido?","translation":"nor Dido, who will die, and die a cruel death?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"moritura","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, future active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"about to die"},{"surface":"tenet","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"crudeli","lemma":"crudelis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"funere","lemma":"funus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with death"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b4-l309","source":"Quin etiam hiberno moliris sidere classem,","translation":"You even labor at the fleet under a winter star,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quin","lemma":"quin","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"hiberno","lemma":"hibernus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"moliris","lemma":"molior","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"labor at"},{"surface":"sidere","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"star"},{"surface":"classem","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b4-l310","source":"et mediis properas aquilonibus ire per altum,","translation":"and hurry to go over the deep in the middle of the north winds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mediis","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"properas","lemma":"propero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurry"},{"surface":"aquilonibus","lemma":"aquilo","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"north winds"},{"surface":"ire","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"altum","lemma":"altum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"deep"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b4-l311","source":"crudelis? Quid, si non arva aliena domosque","translation":"hard man? What, if you were not making for foreign fields","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"crudelis","lemma":"crudelis","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"hard man"},{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"arva","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"aliena","lemma":"alienus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"foreign"},{"surface":"domosque","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"houses"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b4-l312","source":"ignotas peteres, sed Troia antiqua maneret,","translation":"and houses you do not know, but ancient Troy were standing still,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ignotas","lemma":"ignotus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unknown"},{"surface":"peteres","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"were making for"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Troia","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"antiqua","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"maneret","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"were standing"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b4-l313","source":"Troia per undosum peteretur classibus aequor","translation":"would Troy be sought by your ships over a sea that rolls like this?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Troia","lemma":"troia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"undosum","lemma":"undosus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"peteretur","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"was sought"},{"surface":"classibus","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"aequor","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b4-l314","source":"Mene fugis? Per ego has lacrimas dextramque tuam te","translation":"Is it me you run from? By these tears, by your own right hand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l314.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Per ego has lacrimas ... te","title":"An oath formula split apart","body":"The oath formula per te, 'by you', is broken apart, with ego, 'I', and has lacrimas, 'these tears', inserted between the preposition and its object. The two halves stand at opposite ends of the line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mene","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"fugis","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flee"},{"surface":"Per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"has","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"lacrimas","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"dextramque","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"tuam","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b4-l315","source":"(quando aliud mihi iam miserae nihil ipsa reliqui)","translation":"(since I have left myself, poor as I am, nothing else now)","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quando","lemma":"quando","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"aliud","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"miserae","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"nihil","lemma":"nihil","morphology":"noun, indeclinable","role":"object","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"reliqui","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"have left"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b4-l316","source":"per conubia nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos,","translation":"by our marriage, by the wedding we began,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"conubia","lemma":"conubium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"nostra","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"inceptos","lemma":"incipio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been begun"},{"surface":"hymenaeos","lemma":"hymenaeus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"wedding"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b4-l317","source":"si bene quid de te merui, fuit aut tibi quicquam","translation":"if I have deserved anything of you, if anything of mine","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"merui","lemma":"mereo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"I have deserved"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"quicquam","lemma":"quisquam","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"anything"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b4-l318","source":"dulce meum, miserere domus labentis, et istam—","translation":"was ever sweet to you: pity a house going down, and that","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dulce","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"meum","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"miserere","lemma":"misereor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"labentis","lemma":"labor","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"going down"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"istam","lemma":"iste","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b4-l319","source":"oro, si quis adhuc precibus locus—exue mentem.","translation":"purpose of yours, I beg you, if there is any room left for prayer: put it off.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"adhuc","lemma":"adhuc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"precibus","lemma":"prex","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for prayer"},{"surface":"locus","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"exue","lemma":"exuo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"put off"},{"surface":"mentem","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"purpose"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b4-l320","source":"Te propter Libycae gentes Nomadumque tyranni","translation":"Because of you the Libyan peoples and the Nomad chiefs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"propter","lemma":"propter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"Libycae","lemma":"libycus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Libyan"},{"surface":"gentes","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"peoples"},{"surface":"Nomadumque","lemma":"nomas","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Nomads","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"tyranni","lemma":"tyrannus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"chiefs"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b4-l321","source":"odere, infensi Tyrii; te propter eundem","translation":"hate me, my Tyrians turn against me; because of you, again,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"odere","lemma":"odi","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hate"},{"surface":"infensi","lemma":"infensus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"Tyrii","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Tyrians"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"propter","lemma":"propter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"eundem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b4-l322","source":"exstinctus pudor, et, qua sola sidera adibam,","translation":"my shame is put out, and the name I had before, by which alone","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exstinctus","lemma":"exstinguo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"having been put out"},{"surface":"pudor","lemma":"pudor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"adibam","lemma":"adeo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was reaching"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b4-l323","source":"fama prior. Cui me moribundam deseris, hospes?","translation":"I was reaching the stars. To whom do you leave me dying, guest?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l323.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hospes","title":"One word for guest and host","body":"hospes names either side of the bond of hospitality, guest or host, and carries no other claim. Dido calls Aeneas hospes because it is the only title she can still use once husband is no longer available to her."}],"words":[{"surface":"fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"prior","lemma":"prior","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"former"},{"surface":"Cui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"moribundam","lemma":"moribundus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"deseris","lemma":"desero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"abandon"},{"surface":"hospes","lemma":"hospes","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"guest"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b4-l324","source":"Hoc solum nomen quoniam de coniuge restat.","translation":"since of a husband that one name is what remains.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"solum","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"nomen","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"quoniam","lemma":"quoniam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"coniuge","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"restat","lemma":"resto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"remains"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b4-l325","source":"Quid moror? An mea Pygmalion dum moenia frater","translation":"Why do I wait? Until my brother Pygmalion pulls my walls","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"moror","lemma":"moror","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"do I wait"},{"surface":"An","lemma":"an","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Pygmalion","lemma":"pygmalion","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pygmalion"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"frater","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"brother"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b4-l326","source":"destruat, aut captam ducat Gaetulus Iarbas?","translation":"down, or Gaetulian Iarbas leads me off a prisoner?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"destruat","lemma":"destruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"pulls down"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"captam","lemma":"capio","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"prisoner"},{"surface":"ducat","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"leads"},{"surface":"Gaetulus","lemma":"gaetulus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Gaetulian"},{"surface":"Iarbas","lemma":"iarbas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Iarbas"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b4-l327","source":"Saltem si qua mihi de te suscepta fuisset","translation":"If at least some child of yours had been taken up for me","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Saltem","lemma":"saltem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"qua","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"suscepta","lemma":"suscipio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"taken up"},{"surface":"fuisset","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had been"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b4-l328","source":"ante fugam suboles, si quis mihi parvulus aula","translation":"before your flight, if some small Aeneas were playing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"fugam","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"suboles","lemma":"suboles","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"parvulus","lemma":"paruulus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"aula","lemma":"aula","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"hall"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b4-l329","source":"luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore referret,","translation":"for me in the hall, whose face would still bring you back,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"luderet","lemma":"ludo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in face"},{"surface":"referret","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"brought back"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b4-l330","source":"non equidem omnino capta ac deserta viderer.”","translation":"I would not seem so utterly taken and left.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"equidem","lemma":"equidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"omnino","lemma":"omnino","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"capta","lemma":"capio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"deserta","lemma":"desero","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"viderer","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular imperfect subjunctive passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would seem"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b4-l331","source":"Dixerat. Ille Iovis monitis immota tenebat","translation":"She had spoken. He kept his eyes unmoved, by Jove's","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dixerat","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had spoken"},{"surface":"Ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Iovis","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Jove's"},{"surface":"monitis","lemma":"monitum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"warning, command"},{"surface":"immota","lemma":"immotus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unmoved"},{"surface":"tenebat","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b4-l332","source":"lumina, et obnixus curam sub corde premebat.","translation":"warning, and set himself against it, and pressed the care down under his heart.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"lumina","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"obnixus","lemma":"obnixus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"set against it"},{"surface":"curam","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"corde","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"premebat","lemma":"premo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pressed"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b4-l333","source":"Tandem pauca refert: “Ego te, quae plurima fando","translation":"At last he answers, briefly: “I will never deny, queen,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l333.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tandem pauca refert","title":"The reply labeled short in advance","body":"pauca, 'a few things', tells the reader the answer will be brief before Aeneas speaks a word. Dido has just spoken twenty-six lines; his reply, labeled pauca, still runs to twenty-nine."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tandem","lemma":"tandem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"pauca","lemma":"paucus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"refert","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"answers"},{"surface":"Ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"plurima","lemma":"plurimus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"very many"},{"surface":"fando","lemma":"for","morphology":"gerund, ablative","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"in speech"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b4-l334","source":"enumerare vales, numquam, regina, negabo","translation":"that you have earned all that you are able to set out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"enumerare","lemma":"enumero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to set out"},{"surface":"vales","lemma":"ualeo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"are able"},{"surface":"numquam","lemma":"numquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"negabo","lemma":"nego","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will deny"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b4-l335","source":"promeritam; nec me meminisse pigebit Elissae,","translation":"in speech; nor will it shame me to remember Elissa","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"promeritam","lemma":"promereo","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having deserved"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"meminisse","lemma":"memini","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to remember"},{"surface":"pigebit","lemma":"pigeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will shame"},{"surface":"Elissae","lemma":"elissa","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Elissa"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b4-l336","source":"dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos regit artus.","translation":"while I remember myself, while breath governs these limbs.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"memor","lemma":"memor","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"mindful"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"mei","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, genitive singular","role":"possessive","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"spiritus","lemma":"spiritus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"regit","lemma":"rego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"governs"},{"surface":"artus","lemma":"artus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b4-l337","source":"Pro re pauca loquar. Neque ego hanc abscondere furto","translation":"I will speak briefly to the case. I did not hope to hide","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l337.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Pro re pauca loquar","title":"A courtroom phrase for his answer","body":"pro re, 'to the matter' or 'on the merits', is a phrase from legal argument. Aeneas answers a speech about their marriage by announcing he will address the facts, pauca loquar, and denies a charge in the lines that follow."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"re","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the case"},{"surface":"pauca","lemma":"paucus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"briefly"},{"surface":"loquar","lemma":"loquor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"will speak"},{"surface":"Neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"abscondere","lemma":"abscondo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to hide away"},{"surface":"furto","lemma":"furtum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by stealth"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b4-l338","source":"speravi—ne finge—fugam, nec coniugis umquam","translation":"this leaving by stealth (do not invent that), nor did I ever","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"speravi","lemma":"spero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did I hope"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"finge","lemma":"fingo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"invent"},{"surface":"fugam","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"coniugis","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"husband's"},{"surface":"umquam","lemma":"umquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"ever"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b4-l339","source":"praetendi taedas, aut haec in foedera veni.","translation":"hold out a husband's torches, or come into any such compact.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"praetendi","lemma":"praetendo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"held out"},{"surface":"taedas","lemma":"taeda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"pine torch"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"compact"},{"surface":"veni","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did I come"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b4-l340","source":"Me si fata meis paterentur ducere vitam","translation":"If the fates let me lead my life under my own","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"meis","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"paterentur","lemma":"patior","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect subjunctive deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"ducere","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to lead"},{"surface":"vitam","lemma":"uita","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b4-l341","source":"auspiciis et sponte mea componere curas,","translation":"auspices, and settle my cares as I chose,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"auspiciis","lemma":"auspicium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"under auspices"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sponte","lemma":"sponte","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by choice"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"componere","lemma":"compono","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"settle"},{"surface":"curas","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cares"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b4-l342","source":"urbem Troianam primum dulcisque meorum","translation":"I would tend the city of Troy first, and the sweet remains","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"Troianam","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Troy"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"dulcisque","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"meorum","lemma":"meus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"my people"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b4-l343","source":"reliquias colerem, Priami tecta alta manerent,","translation":"of my people; Priam's high house would still be standing,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"reliquias","lemma":"reliquiae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"colerem","lemma":"colo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would tend"},{"surface":"Priami","lemma":"priamus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"tecta","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"manerent","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would remain"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b4-l344","source":"et recidiva manu posuissem Pergama victis.","translation":"and I would have raised a Pergamum again by hand for the beaten.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"recidiva","lemma":"recidiuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"raised again"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"posuissem","lemma":"pono","morphology":"verb, 1st singular pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would have set up"},{"surface":"Pergama","lemma":"pergama","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"Pergamum"},{"surface":"victis","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"beaten"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b4-l345","source":"Sed nunc Italiam magnam Gryneus Apollo,","translation":"But as it is, Grynean Apollo has ordered me to take great Italy,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"magnam","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Gryneus","lemma":"gryneus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Grynean"},{"surface":"Apollo","lemma":"apollo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b4-l346","source":"Italiam Lyciae iussere capessere sortes:","translation":"Italy; and so have the Lycian lots:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"Lyciae","lemma":"lycius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Lycian"},{"surface":"iussere","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"capessere","lemma":"capesso","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"sortes","lemma":"sors","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"lots"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b4-l347","source":"hic amor, haec patria est. Si te Karthaginis arces,","translation":"that is my love, that is my country. If the citadels of Carthage","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"patria","lemma":"patria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Karthaginis","lemma":"carthago","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Carthage"},{"surface":"arces","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"citadels"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b4-l348","source":"Phoenissam, Libycaeque aspectus detinet urbis,","translation":"hold you, a Phoenician, and the sight of a Libyan city,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Phoenissam","lemma":"phoenissa","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Phoenician"},{"surface":"Libycaeque","lemma":"libycus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Libyan"},{"surface":"aspectus","lemma":"aspectus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"detinet","lemma":"detineo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"urbis","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b4-l349","source":"quae tandem, Ausonia Teucros considere terra,","translation":"what, then, is the grudge, if Teucrians settle down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l349.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"invidia","title":"The word for looking against","body":"invidia, built from invidere, 'to look against', names the ill will one person feels at another's advantage. Aeneas asks what invidia there could be in Trojans settling down in Italy, in Ausonia."}],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"tandem","lemma":"tandem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ausonia","lemma":"ausonius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Ausonian"},{"surface":"Teucros","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"considere","lemma":"consido","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"settle"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b4-l350","source":"invidia est? Et nos fas extera quaerere regna.","translation":"in Ausonian land? We too may rightly look for a kingdom abroad.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"invidia","lemma":"inuidia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"grudge"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"nos","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"fas","lemma":"fas","morphology":"noun, indeclinable","role":"predicate","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"extera","lemma":"exter","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"abroad"},{"surface":"quaerere","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to look for"},{"surface":"regna","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kingdoms"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b4-l351","source":"Me patris Anchisae, quotiens umentibus umbris","translation":"As often as night covers the earth with wet shadows,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"patris","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Anchisae","lemma":"anchises","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Anchises"},{"surface":"quotiens","lemma":"quotiens","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as often as"},{"surface":"umentibus","lemma":"umeo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"being wet"},{"surface":"umbris","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shadows"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b4-l352","source":"nox operit terras, quotiens astra ignea surgunt,","translation":"as often as the burning stars rise, the troubled ghost","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nox","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"operit","lemma":"operio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"covers over"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"quotiens","lemma":"quotiens","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as often as"},{"surface":"astra","lemma":"astrum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"ignea","lemma":"igneus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"surgunt","lemma":"surgo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"rise"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b4-l353","source":"admonet in somnis et turbida terret imago;","translation":"of my father Anchises warns me in sleep, and frightens me;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"admonet","lemma":"admoneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"warns"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"somnis","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sleeps"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"turbida","lemma":"turbidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"troubled"},{"surface":"terret","lemma":"terreo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"frightens"},{"surface":"imago","lemma":"imago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"image"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b4-l354","source":"me puer Ascanius capitisque iniuria cari,","translation":"and the boy Ascanius, and the wrong done to a dear head,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"puer","lemma":"puer","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"Ascanius","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"capitisque","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"head","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"iniuria","lemma":"iniuria","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"cari","lemma":"carus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"dear"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b4-l355","source":"quem regno Hesperiae fraudo et fatalibus arvis.","translation":"whom I cheat of a kingdom in Hesperia and the fields the fates give.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"regno","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"kingdom"},{"surface":"Hesperiae","lemma":"hesperia","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Hesperia"},{"surface":"fraudo","lemma":"fraudo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"cheat"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fatalibus","lemma":"fatalis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fated"},{"surface":"arvis","lemma":"aruum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b4-l356","source":"Nunc etiam interpres divom, Iove missus ab ipso—","translation":"Now, too, the gods' own messenger, sent by Jupiter himself,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"interpres","lemma":"interpres","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"Iove","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"missus","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been sent"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ipso","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b4-l357","source":"testor utrumque caput—celeris mandata per auras","translation":"(I swear it on both our heads) has brought his orders down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"testor","lemma":"testor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"I swear"},{"surface":"utrumque","lemma":"uterque","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"celeris","lemma":"celer","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"mandata","lemma":"mandatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"orders"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b4-l358","source":"detulit; ipse deum manifesto in lumine vidi","translation":"through the quick air; I saw the god myself, in plain light,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"detulit","lemma":"defero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"has brought down"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"deum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"manifesto","lemma":"manifestus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"lumine","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"vidi","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b4-l359","source":"intrantem muros, vocemque his auribus hausi.","translation":"coming inside the walls, and drank his voice with these ears.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"intrantem","lemma":"intro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"murus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"vocemque","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"his","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"auribus","lemma":"auris","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"hausi","lemma":"haurio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drank"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b4-l360","source":"Desine meque tuis incendere teque querelis:","translation":"Stop setting me on fire, and yourself, with your complaints.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Desine","lemma":"desino","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"stop"},{"surface":"meque","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"me","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"tuis","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"incendere","lemma":"incendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to set fire to"},{"surface":"teque","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"yourself","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"querelis","lemma":"querela","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with complaints"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b4-l361","source":"Italiam non sponte sequor.”","translation":"Not of my own will do I make for Italy.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l361.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Italiam non sponte sequor.","title":"Another unfinished line closes speech","body":"The verse stops mid-line, one of roughly fifty-five Vergil left incomplete. It is also the end of Aeneas's only speech to Dido in the poem, and its last clause denies that he wants what he is doing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sponte","lemma":"sponte","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"of my own will"},{"surface":"sequor","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"do I make for"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b4-l362","source":"Talia dicentem iamdudum aversa tuetur,","translation":"All the while he speaks she watches him, turned away,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"dicentem","lemma":"dico","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"iamdudum","lemma":"iamdudum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"all the while"},{"surface":"aversa","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"turned away"},{"surface":"tuetur","lemma":"tueor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"watches"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b4-l363","source":"huc illuc volvens oculos, totumque pererrat","translation":"rolling her eyes this way and that, and goes over the whole of him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"illuc","lemma":"illuc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"volvens","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"totumque","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"pererrat","lemma":"pererro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes over"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b4-l364","source":"luminibus tacitis, et sic accensa profatur:","translation":"with silent looks, and then, alight, speaks out:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"luminibus","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with looks"},{"surface":"tacitis","lemma":"tacitus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"accensa","lemma":"accendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alight"},{"surface":"profatur","lemma":"profor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks out"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b4-l365","source":"“Nec tibi diva parens, generis nec Dardanus auctor,","translation":"“You had no goddess for a mother, no Dardanus at the head of your line,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"diva","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"parens","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"generis","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of your line"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"Dardanus","lemma":"dardanus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dardanus"},{"surface":"auctor","lemma":"auctor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"founder"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b4-l366","source":"perfide; sed duris genuit te cautibus horrens","translation":"faithless one; bristling Caucasus fathered you on hard flint,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"perfide","lemma":"perfidus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"faithless one"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"duris","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"genuit","lemma":"gigno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fathered"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"cautibus","lemma":"cautes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"flint"},{"surface":"horrens","lemma":"horreo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bristling"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b4-l367","source":"Caucasus, Hyrcanaeque admorunt ubera tigres.","translation":"and Hyrcanian tigers held their udders to you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l367.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"admorunt","title":"A syncopated perfect verb","body":"admorunt is shortened from admoverunt, the perfect of admovere, 'to bring to'. Hyrcania, south of the Caspian Sea, was proverbial in Latin verse as the home of tigers, chosen for its distance rather than its animals."}],"words":[{"surface":"Caucasus","lemma":"caucasus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Caucasus"},{"surface":"Hyrcanaeque","lemma":"hyrcanus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the Hyrcanians on the Caspian Sea"},{"surface":"admorunt","lemma":"admoueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"held to"},{"surface":"ubera","lemma":"uber","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"udders"},{"surface":"tigres","lemma":"tigris","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"tigers"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b4-l368","source":"Nam quid dissimulo, aut quae me ad maiora reservo?","translation":"For why keep up the pretense? For what greater thing am I saving myself?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"dissimulo","lemma":"dissimulo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do I hide it"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"maiora","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter, comparative","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"greater things"},{"surface":"reservo","lemma":"reseruo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"am I saving"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b4-l369","source":"Num fletu ingemuit nostro? Num lumina flexit?","translation":"Did he groan at my weeping? Did he turn his eyes?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Num","lemma":"num","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"fletu","lemma":"fletus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ingemuit","lemma":"ingemo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"nostro","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Num","lemma":"num","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"lumina","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"flexit","lemma":"flecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b4-l370","source":"Num lacrimas victus dedit, aut miseratus amantem est?","translation":"Did he give way and shed tears, or pity the woman who loves him?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Num","lemma":"num","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"lacrimas","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"victus","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"overcome"},{"surface":"dedit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"miseratus","lemma":"misereor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied"},{"surface":"amantem","lemma":"amo","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"woman who loves him"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b4-l371","source":"Quae quibus anteferam? Iam iam nec maxuma Iuno,","translation":"What shall I put before what? By now neither greatest Juno","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"quibus","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"before what things"},{"surface":"anteferam","lemma":"antefero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I put"},{"surface":"Iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"maxuma","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"greatest"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b4-l372","source":"nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aequis.","translation":"nor Saturn's son the father looks on this with fair eyes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"Saturnius","lemma":"saturnius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Saturn's son"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"pater","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"aspicit","lemma":"aspicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"looks at"},{"surface":"aequis","lemma":"aequus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fair"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b4-l373","source":"Nusquam tuta fides. Eiectum litore, egentem","translation":"Good faith is safe nowhere. I took him in, thrown up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l373.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Nusquam tuta fides","title":"Fides names trust, not feeling","body":"fides is the word for a kept promise and for the trust that makes promises worth anything; it shares its root with perfidus, the word Dido keeps aiming at Aeneas. Nusquam tuta fides means 'good faith is safe nowhere'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nusquam","lemma":"nusquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"nowhere"},{"surface":"tuta","lemma":"tutus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"safe"},{"surface":"fides","lemma":"fides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"Eiectum","lemma":"eicio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"thrown up"},{"surface":"litore","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"egentem","lemma":"egeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in want"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b4-l374","source":"excepi, et regni demens in parte locavi;","translation":"on my shore and in want, and madly gave him a share of my kingdom;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"excepi","lemma":"excipio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"took in"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"regni","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"kingdom"},{"surface":"demens","lemma":"demens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"share"},{"surface":"locavi","lemma":"loco","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b4-l375","source":"amissam classem, socios a morte reduxi.","translation":"I brought his lost fleet back, brought his crews back from death.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"amissam","lemma":"amitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"classem","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"socios","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"crews"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"reduxi","lemma":"reduco","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"led back"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b4-l376","source":"Heu furiis incensa feror! Nunc augur Apollo,","translation":"Ah, I am carried away, burning with the Furies! Now the seer Apollo,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Heu","lemma":"heu","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"furiis","lemma":"furia","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the Furies"},{"surface":"incensa","lemma":"incendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"feror","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"am carried"},{"surface":"Nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"augur","lemma":"augur","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"seer"},{"surface":"Apollo","lemma":"apollo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b4-l377","source":"nunc Lyciae sortes, nunc et Iove missus ab ipso","translation":"now the Lycian lots, now the gods' own messenger, sent","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Lyciae","lemma":"lycius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Lycian"},{"surface":"sortes","lemma":"sors","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"lots"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"Iove","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"missus","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been sent"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ipso","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b4-l378","source":"interpres divom fert horrida iussa per auras.","translation":"by Jupiter himself, brings dreadful orders through the air.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"interpres","lemma":"interpres","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"fert","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"horrida","lemma":"horridus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"iussa","lemma":"iussum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"order, command"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"air"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b4-l379","source":"Scilicet is Superis labor est, ea cura quietos","translation":"That, no doubt, is work for the gods above; that is the care that troubles","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l379.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Scilicet is Superis labor est","title":"Scilicet marks bitter agreement","body":"scilicet, from scire licet, 'one may know', signals sarcasm here rather than plain information. Dido repeats Aeneas's own excuse, that the gods require this, back at him in his own words."}],"words":[{"surface":"Scilicet","lemma":"scilicet","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"no doubt"},{"surface":"is","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Superis","lemma":"superus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for the gods above"},{"surface":"labor","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ea","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cura","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"quietos","lemma":"quietus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"quiet"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b4-l380","source":"sollicitat. Neque te teneo, neque dicta refello.","translation":"their quiet. I neither hold you nor argue against your words.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sollicitat","lemma":"sollicito","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"troubles"},{"surface":"Neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"teneo","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"neque","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"refello","lemma":"refello","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do I argue against"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b4-l381","source":"I, sequere Italiam ventis, pete regna per undas.","translation":"Go, follow Italy on the winds, look for kingdoms across the waves.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"sequere","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"Italiam","lemma":"italia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Italy"},{"surface":"ventis","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"pete","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"look for"},{"surface":"regna","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kingdoms"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"undas","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"waves"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b4-l382","source":"Spero equidem mediis, si quid pia numina possunt,","translation":"I do hope, if the just powers can do anything, that you will drink","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Spero","lemma":"spero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"equidem","lemma":"equidem","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"mediis","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mid"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"pia","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"numina","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"powers"},{"surface":"possunt","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"can"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b4-l383","source":"supplicia hausurum scopulis, et nomine Dido","translation":"your punishment on the rocks in mid-sea, and call on Dido's","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"supplicia","lemma":"supplicium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"punishments"},{"surface":"hausurum","lemma":"haurio","morphology":"participle, future active accusative singular masculine","role":"infinitive","gloss":"would drink"},{"surface":"scopulis","lemma":"scopulus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"on the rocks"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nomine","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b4-l384","source":"saepe vocaturum. Sequar atris ignibus absens,","translation":"name over and over. Absent, I will follow you with black fires,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"saepe","lemma":"saepe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"vocaturum","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"participle, future active accusative singular masculine","role":"infinitive","gloss":"would call"},{"surface":"Sequar","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"will follow"},{"surface":"atris","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ignibus","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"absens","lemma":"absum","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"absent"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b4-l385","source":"et, cum frigida mors anima seduxerit artus,","translation":"and when cold death has parted the limbs from the breath,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"frigida","lemma":"frigidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"mors","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"anima","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the breath"},{"surface":"seduxerit","lemma":"seduco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"has parted"},{"surface":"artus","lemma":"artus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b4-l386","source":"omnibus umbra locis adero. Dabis, improbe, poenas.","translation":"I will be there in every place, a shade. You will pay for it, wretch.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l386.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Dabis, improbe, poenas","title":"Poenas dare names a debt paid","body":"poenas dare, 'to give penalties', is the ordinary Latin phrase for paying a legal penalty. Dido frames what follows as a debt owed, and at line 625 that debt will be handed to someone else to collect."}],"words":[{"surface":"omnibus","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"umbra","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"shade"},{"surface":"locis","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"in places"},{"surface":"adero","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will be there"},{"surface":"Dabis","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will pay"},{"surface":"improbe","lemma":"improbus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"wretch"},{"surface":"poenas","lemma":"poena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"penalty"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b4-l387","source":"Audiam et haec Manis veniet mihi fama sub imos.”","translation":"I will hear; and this word will come to me among the lowest dead.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Audiam","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will hear"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Manis","lemma":"manes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"shades"},{"surface":"veniet","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"imos","lemma":"imus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lowest"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b4-l388","source":"His medium dictis sermonem abrumpit, et auras","translation":"With these words she breaks the talk off in the middle, and sick","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"His","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"medium","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"sermonem","lemma":"sermo","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"talk"},{"surface":"abrumpit","lemma":"abrumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"breaks"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"daylight"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b4-l389","source":"aegra fugit, seque ex oculis avertit et aufert,","translation":"flees the daylight, and turns from his eyes and takes herself away,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aegra","lemma":"aeger","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sick"},{"surface":"fugit","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flees"},{"surface":"seque","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"herself","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"avertit","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turns away"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aufert","lemma":"aufero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes away"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b4-l390","source":"linquens multa metu cunctantem et multa parantem","translation":"leaving him hanging back in fear, with much to say and getting","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"linquens","lemma":"linquo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"metu","lemma":"metus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"cunctantem","lemma":"cunctor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hanging back"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"parantem","lemma":"paro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"getting ready"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b4-l391","source":"dicere. Suscipiunt famulae, conlapsaque membra","translation":"much of it ready. Her women take her up, and carry the fallen","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dicere","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"Suscipiunt","lemma":"suscipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"take up"},{"surface":"famulae","lemma":"famula","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"conlapsaque","lemma":"collabor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fallen","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"membra","lemma":"membrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"body"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b4-l392","source":"marmoreo referunt thalamo stratisque reponunt.","translation":"body back to the marble chamber, and lay it on the couch.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"marmoreo","lemma":"marmoreus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"marble"},{"surface":"referunt","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring back"},{"surface":"thalamo","lemma":"thalamus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"to the chamber"},{"surface":"stratisque","lemma":"stratum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"place","gloss":"couch"},{"surface":"reponunt","lemma":"repono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b4-l393","source":"At pius Aeneas, quamquam lenire dolentem","translation":"But dutiful Aeneas, though he longs to soothe her grief","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"pius","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dutiful"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"quamquam","lemma":"quamquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"lenire","lemma":"lenio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to soothe"},{"surface":"dolentem","lemma":"doleo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grieving"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b4-l394","source":"solando cupit et dictis avertere curas,","translation":"with comfort and to turn her cares aside with words,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"solando","lemma":"solor","morphology":"gerund, ablative","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"comforting"},{"surface":"cupit","lemma":"cupio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"longs"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"avertere","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to turn away"},{"surface":"curas","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cares"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b4-l395","source":"multa gemens magnoque animum labefactus amore,","translation":"groaning much, his mind shaken by a great love,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multa","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"gemens","lemma":"gemo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"magnoque","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"animum","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"labefactus","lemma":"labefacio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaken"},{"surface":"amore","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b4-l396","source":"iussa tamen divom exsequitur, classemque revisit.","translation":"carries out the gods' orders even so, and goes back to the fleet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iussa","lemma":"iussum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"order, command"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"divom","lemma":"diuus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"exsequitur","lemma":"exsequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries out"},{"surface":"classemque","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"revisit","lemma":"reuiso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes back to"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b4-l397","source":"Tum vero Teucri incumbunt, et litore celsas","translation":"Then indeed the Teucrians set to, and haul the high ships","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Teucri","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Teucrians"},{"surface":"incumbunt","lemma":"incumbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"set to"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"litore","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"celsas","lemma":"celsus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b4-l398","source":"deducunt toto naves: natat uncta carina;","translation":"down all along the shore: the tarred keel swims;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"deducunt","lemma":"deduco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lead down"},{"surface":"toto","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"naves","lemma":"nauis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"natat","lemma":"nato","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"swims"},{"surface":"uncta","lemma":"unctus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"oily, greasy"},{"surface":"carina","lemma":"carina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"keel"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b4-l399","source":"frondentisque ferunt remos et robora silvis","translation":"they bring oars still in leaf, and timber out of the woods","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"frondentisque","lemma":"frondeo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"still in leaf"},{"surface":"ferunt","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"remos","lemma":"remus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"oars"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"robora","lemma":"robur","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"timber"},{"surface":"silvis","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"out of the woods"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b4-l400","source":"infabricata, fugae studio.","translation":"unshaped, in their passion to be gone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l400.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"infabricata, fugae studio.","title":"A line breaking off mid-scene","body":"The hexameter ends short, one of about fifty-five unfinished verses left at Vergil's death. It falls where the fleet, unshaped, infabricata, is being thrown together in haste, fugae studio, 'in eagerness to flee'."}],"words":[{"surface":"infabricata","lemma":"infabricatus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unshaped"},{"surface":"fugae","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of flight"},{"surface":"studio","lemma":"studium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in passion"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b4-l401","source":"Migrantis cernas, totaque ex urbe ruentis.","translation":"You could see them moving out, pouring from the whole city.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Migrantis","lemma":"migro","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"moving out"},{"surface":"cernas","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you could see"},{"surface":"totaque","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"urbe","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ruentis","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"rushing"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b4-l402","source":"Ac velut ingentem formicae farris acervum","translation":"As when ants, remembering the winter, are plundering","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"velut","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ingentem","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"formicae","lemma":"formica","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"ant"},{"surface":"farris","lemma":"far","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of grain"},{"surface":"acervum","lemma":"aceruus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"heap"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b4-l403","source":"cum populant, hiemis memores, tectoque reponunt;","translation":"a huge heap of grain and storing it under their roof;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"populant","lemma":"populo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"plunder"},{"surface":"hiemis","lemma":"hiems","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of winter"},{"surface":"memores","lemma":"memor","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"tectoque","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"roof"},{"surface":"reponunt","lemma":"repono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"store"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b4-l404","source":"it nigrum campis agmen, praedamque per herbas","translation":"a black column goes over the fields, and they haul the loot","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"it","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"nigrum","lemma":"niger","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"campis","lemma":"campus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"agmen","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"column"},{"surface":"praedamque","lemma":"praeda","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"loot"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"herbas","lemma":"herba","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"grass"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b4-l405","source":"convectant calle angusto; pars grandia trudunt","translation":"through the grass along a narrow track; some shove the big","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"convectant","lemma":"conuecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"calle","lemma":"callis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"along a track"},{"surface":"angusto","lemma":"angustus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"pars","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"grandia","lemma":"grandis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"trudunt","lemma":"trudo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"thrust"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b4-l406","source":"obnixae frumenta umeris; pars agmina cogunt","translation":"kernels with their shoulders, straining; some close the ranks up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obnixae","lemma":"obnixus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"straining"},{"surface":"frumenta","lemma":"frumentum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kernels"},{"surface":"umeris","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"pars","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"cogunt","lemma":"cogo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"force"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b4-l407","source":"castigantque moras; opere omnis semita fervet.","translation":"and punish delay; the whole path boils with the work.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"castigantque","lemma":"castigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"chastise"},{"surface":"moras","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"opere","lemma":"opus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"semita","lemma":"semita","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"fervet","lemma":"ferueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is hot"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b4-l408","source":"Quis tibi tum, Dido, cernenti talia sensus?","translation":"What did you feel then, Dido, watching such things?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l408.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quis tibi tum, Dido ... sensus?","title":"The narrator addresses Dido directly","body":"For four lines the narration turns from third person to speak straight to Dido, asking quis tibi sensus, 'what feeling was yours'. Vergil does this only a few times in the poem, always for someone about to be destroyed, and leaves the question unanswered."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"cernenti","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"watching"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"sensus","lemma":"sensus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"feeling"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b4-l409","source":"quosve dabas gemitus, cum litora fervere late","translation":"What groans did you give, when from the top of the citadel","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quosve","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"dabas","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did you give"},{"surface":"gemitus","lemma":"gemitus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"fervere","lemma":"ferueo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be hot"},{"surface":"late","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"far and wide"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b4-l410","source":"prospiceres arce ex summa, totumque videres","translation":"you looked out on the shore boiling far and wide, and saw","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"prospiceres","lemma":"prospicio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"looked ahead"},{"surface":"arce","lemma":"arx","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"citadel"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"summa","lemma":"summus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"top"},{"surface":"totumque","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"videres","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b4-l411","source":"misceri ante oculos tantis clamoribus aequor?","translation":"the whole sea churned before your eyes with such shouting?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"misceri","lemma":"misceo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"was churned"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"tantis","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"clamoribus","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shouts"},{"surface":"aequor","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b4-l412","source":"Improbe Amor, quid non mortalia pectora cogis?","translation":"Wicked Love, what do you not drive mortal hearts to?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l412.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Improbe Amor","title":"Improbus means past all limit","body":"improbus does not mean wicked in a moral sense so much as beyond bounds, not to be checked. Vergil elsewhere applies it to a plow, a wolf, and hunger; here it describes Amor, and Dido used the same word of Aeneas at line 386."}],"words":[{"surface":"Improbe","lemma":"improbus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wicked"},{"surface":"Amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mortalia","lemma":"mortalis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"cogis","lemma":"cogo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you drive"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b4-l413","source":"Ire iterum in lacrimas, iterum temptare precando","translation":"She is forced to go into tears again, to try him again","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ire","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"iterum","lemma":"iterum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"lacrimas","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"iterum","lemma":"iterum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"temptare","lemma":"tento","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to attempt"},{"surface":"precando","lemma":"precor","morphology":"gerund, ablative","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"by asking"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b4-l414","source":"cogitur, et supplex animos submittere amori,","translation":"by asking, and as a suppliant to put her pride under love,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cogitur","lemma":"cogo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is forced"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"supplex","lemma":"supplex","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"suppliant"},{"surface":"animos","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"pride"},{"surface":"submittere","lemma":"summitto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to put under"},{"surface":"amori","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b4-l415","source":"ne quid inexpertum frustra moritura relinquat.","translation":"so as to leave nothing untried, and die for nothing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l415.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"moritura","title":"Future participle names what comes","body":"moritura is the future participle of morior, 'to die', feminine nominative singular: 'about to die'. Vergil attaches it to Dido five times in this book, the first time in her own mouth at line 308."}],"words":[{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"inexpertum","lemma":"inexpertus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"untried"},{"surface":"frustra","lemma":"frustra","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"moritura","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, future active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"about to die"},{"surface":"relinquat","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"leave"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b4-l416","source":"“Anna, vides toto properari litore; circum","translation":"“Anna, you see the haste along the whole shore; they have gathered","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anna","lemma":"anna","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Anna"},{"surface":"vides","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"toto","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"properari","lemma":"propero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"the haste"},{"surface":"litore","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b4-l417","source":"undique convenere; vocat iam carbasus auras,","translation":"from every side; the canvas is calling the winds already,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"undique","lemma":"undique","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from every side"},{"surface":"convenere","lemma":"conuenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have gathered"},{"surface":"vocat","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"carbasus","lemma":"carbasus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"canvas"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b4-l418","source":"puppibus et laeti nautae imposuere coronas.","translation":"and the glad sailors have set garlands on the sterns.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"puppibus","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on the sterns"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"laeti","lemma":"laetus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"nautae","lemma":"nauta","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"sailors"},{"surface":"imposuere","lemma":"impono","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have set"},{"surface":"coronas","lemma":"corona","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"garlands"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b4-l419","source":"Hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem,","translation":"If I have been able to look for a grief as great as this,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"potui","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was able"},{"surface":"tantum","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"sperare","lemma":"spero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to look for"},{"surface":"dolorem","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b4-l420","source":"et perferre, soror, potero. Miserae hoc tamen unum","translation":"I will be able to bear it too, sister. Still, do this one thing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"perferre","lemma":"perfero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to bear"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"potero","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be able"},{"surface":"Miserae","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in my misery"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"unum","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"one thing"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b4-l421","source":"exsequere, Anna, mihi. Solam nam perfidus ille","translation":"for me in my misery, Anna. That faithless man used to court","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exsequere","lemma":"exsequor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"Anna","lemma":"anna","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Anna"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Solam","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"perfidus","lemma":"perfidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"faithless"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b4-l422","source":"te colere, arcanos etiam tibi credere sensus;","translation":"you alone, and trust his secret feelings even to you;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"colere","lemma":"colo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"used to court"},{"surface":"arcanos","lemma":"arcanus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"tibi","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"credere","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to entrust"},{"surface":"sensus","lemma":"sensus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"feelings"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b4-l423","source":"sola viri mollis aditus et tempora noras.","translation":"you alone knew the man's soft approaches and his hours.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"man's"},{"surface":"mollis","lemma":"mollis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"aditus","lemma":"aditus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"approaches"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tempora","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"noras","lemma":"nosco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"you knew"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b4-l424","source":"I, soror, atque hostem supplex adfare superbum:","translation":"Go, sister, and as a suppliant speak to my proud enemy:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hostem","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"supplex","lemma":"supplex","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"suppliant"},{"surface":"adfare","lemma":"affor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"speak to"},{"surface":"superbum","lemma":"superbus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b4-l425","source":"non ego cum Danais Troianam exscindere gentem","translation":"I did not swear at Aulis with the Danaans to root out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Danais","lemma":"danaus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"Troianam","lemma":"troianus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Trojan"},{"surface":"exscindere","lemma":"exscindo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to root out"},{"surface":"gentem","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b4-l426","source":"Aulide iuravi, classemve ad Pergama misi,","translation":"the Trojan people, nor send a fleet to Pergamum;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aulide","lemma":"aulis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"Aulis"},{"surface":"iuravi","lemma":"iuro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did I swear"},{"surface":"classemve","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Pergama","lemma":"pergama","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Pergamum"},{"surface":"misi","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did I send"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b4-l427","source":"nec patris Anchisae cineres Manisve revelli,","translation":"I did not tear up the ashes or the shade of his father Anchises.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"patris","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Anchisae","lemma":"anchises","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Anchises"},{"surface":"cineres","lemma":"cinis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"ashes"},{"surface":"Manisve","lemma":"manes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"shade"},{"surface":"revelli","lemma":"reuello","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did I tear up"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b4-l428","source":"cur mea dicta neget duras demittere in auris.","translation":"Why does he refuse to let my words down into his hard ears?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cur","lemma":"cur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"dicta","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"neget","lemma":"nego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"does he refuse"},{"surface":"duras","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"demittere","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to let down"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"auris","lemma":"auris","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"ears"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b4-l429","source":"Quo ruit? Extremum hoc miserae det munus amanti:","translation":"Where is he rushing? Let him give one last gift to the woman who loves him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"ruit","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushes"},{"surface":"Extremum","lemma":"extremus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"miserae","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"det","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let him give"},{"surface":"munus","lemma":"munus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"gift"},{"surface":"amanti","lemma":"amo","morphology":"participle, present active dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"loving woman"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b4-l430","source":"exspectet facilemque fugam ventosque ferentis.","translation":"let him wait for an easy crossing and winds that carry.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exspectet","lemma":"exspecto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"wait for"},{"surface":"facilemque","lemma":"facilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"easy"},{"surface":"fugam","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"crossing"},{"surface":"ventosque","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"ferentis","lemma":"fero","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"carrying"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b4-l431","source":"Non iam coniugium antiquum, quod prodidit, oro,","translation":"I do not ask now for the old marriage, which he betrayed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"coniugium","lemma":"coniugium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"antiquum","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"prodidit","lemma":"prodo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"betrayed"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ask"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b4-l432","source":"nec pulchro ut Latio careat regnumque relinquat:","translation":"nor that he go without his fine Latium and give a kingdom up:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"pulchro","lemma":"pulcher","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Latio","lemma":"latium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Latium"},{"surface":"careat","lemma":"careo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is without"},{"surface":"regnumque","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"kingdoms"},{"surface":"relinquat","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"give up"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b4-l433","source":"tempus inane peto, requiem spatiumque furori,","translation":"I ask for empty time, a rest and a space for my madness,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tempus","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"inane","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"peto","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ask for"},{"surface":"requiem","lemma":"requies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"spatiumque","lemma":"spatium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"space","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"furori","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"for my madness"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b4-l434","source":"dum mea me victam doceat fortuna dolere.","translation":"until my own luck teaches me, beaten, how to grieve.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"victam","lemma":"uinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beaten"},{"surface":"doceat","lemma":"doceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"teaches"},{"surface":"fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"luck"},{"surface":"dolere","lemma":"doleo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to grieve"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b4-l435","source":"Extremam hanc oro veniam—miserere sororis—","translation":"This last favor I ask (pity your sister)","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Extremam","lemma":"extremus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ask"},{"surface":"veniam","lemma":"uenia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"favor"},{"surface":"miserere","lemma":"misereor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"sororis","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sister"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b4-l436","source":"quam mihi cum dederit, cumulatam morte remittam.”","translation":"and when he has given it, I will pay it back heaped up, in my death.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l436.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"cumulatam morte remittam","title":"Cumulatam names a debt overpaid","body":"cumulatam, from cumulare, is a merchant's term for filling a measure past the brim. remittam, 'I will pay back', promises repayment cumulatam morte, 'heaped up, in death', to whoever collects the debt."}],"words":[{"surface":"quam","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"dederit","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"he has given"},{"surface":"cumulatam","lemma":"cumulo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been heaped"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"remittam","lemma":"remitto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will send back"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b4-l437","source":"Talibus orabat, talisque miserrima fletus","translation":"So she prayed, and such weeping her wretched sister","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Talibus","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"orabat","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"talisque","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"miserrima","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine, superlative","role":"modifier","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"fletus","lemma":"fletus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"weeping"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b4-l438","source":"fertque refertque soror: sed nullis ille movetur","translation":"carries and carries again: but he is moved by no","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fertque","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"refertque","lemma":"refero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carries again"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nullis","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ille","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"movetur","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is moved"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b4-l439","source":"fletibus, aut voces ullas tractabilis audit;","translation":"weeping, and hears no words that could handle him;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fletibus","lemma":"fletus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by weeping"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"voces","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ullas","lemma":"ullus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"tractabilis","lemma":"tractabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"tractable"},{"surface":"audit","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hears"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b4-l440","source":"fata obstant, placidasque viri deus obstruit auris.","translation":"the fates stand in the way, a god stops the man's ears against peace.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l440.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"placidas ... obstruit auris","title":"A god blocks the ears","body":"placidas, 'calm', describes auris, 'ears', which obstruit, 'blocks up', treats as walled shut rather than merely deaf. The sentence credits a god with stopping Aeneas's hearing rather than saying he refuses to listen."}],"words":[{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"obstant","lemma":"obsto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand in the way"},{"surface":"placidasque","lemma":"placidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"peaceful"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"man's"},{"surface":"deus","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"obstruit","lemma":"obstruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stops"},{"surface":"auris","lemma":"auris","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ears"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b4-l441","source":"Ac, velut annoso validam cum robore quercum","translation":"And as when north winds off the Alps, blowing now from here,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"velut","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"annoso","lemma":"annosus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"aged"},{"surface":"validam","lemma":"ualidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"robore","lemma":"robur","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"timber"},{"surface":"quercum","lemma":"quercus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"oak"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b4-l442","source":"Alpini Boreae nunc hinc nunc flatibus illinc","translation":"now from there, contend among themselves to tear up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Alpini","lemma":"alpinus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Alpine"},{"surface":"Boreae","lemma":"boreas","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"north wind"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"flatibus","lemma":"flatus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with blasts"},{"surface":"illinc","lemma":"illinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from there"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b4-l443","source":"eruere inter se certant; it stridor, et altae","translation":"an oak strong in its aged timber; there is a groaning, and the leaves","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"eruere","lemma":"eruo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to tear up"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"certant","lemma":"certo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"contend"},{"surface":"it","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"stridor","lemma":"stridor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"altae","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b4-l444","source":"consternunt terram concusso stipite frondes;","translation":"lie thick on the ground from the shaken trunk;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"consternunt","lemma":"consterno","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"strew"},{"surface":"terram","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"concusso","lemma":"concutio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaken"},{"surface":"stipite","lemma":"stipes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"trunk"},{"surface":"frondes","lemma":"frons","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"leaves"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b4-l445","source":"ipsa haeret scopulis, et, quantum vertice ad auras","translation":"the tree clings to the rock, and reaches as far down","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the tree itself"},{"surface":"haeret","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"clings"},{"surface":"scopulis","lemma":"scopulus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quantum","lemma":"quantum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"how much"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"crown"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"upper air"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b4-l446","source":"aetherias, tantum radice in Tartara tendit:","translation":"toward Tartarus with its root as its crown reaches to the upper air:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aetherias","lemma":"aetherius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ethereal"},{"surface":"tantum","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so far"},{"surface":"radice","lemma":"radix","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"root"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Tartara","lemma":"tartarus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"Tartarus"},{"surface":"tendit","lemma":"tendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretches"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b4-l447","source":"haud secus adsiduis hinc atque hinc vocibus heros","translation":"just so the hero is beaten by voices, from this side","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"secus","lemma":"secus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"adsiduis","lemma":"assiduus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unceasing"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from this side"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from that side"},{"surface":"vocibus","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"voices"},{"surface":"heros","lemma":"heros","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b4-l448","source":"tunditur, et magno persentit pectore curas;","translation":"and from that, without stopping, and feels the cares through his great heart;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tunditur","lemma":"tundo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is beaten"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"magno","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"persentit","lemma":"persentio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"feels deeply"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"through his heart"},{"surface":"curas","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cares"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b4-l449","source":"mens immota manet; lacrimae volvuntur inanes.","translation":"his mind stays unmoved; the tears roll, and are for nothing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l449.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lacrimae volvuntur inanes","title":"Whose tears is left unstated","body":"lacrimae, 'tears', has no possessor named. The sentence follows a simile about Aeneas, so most readers take the tears as his, but the grammar allows Dido's equally well, and inanes, 'empty' or 'useless', fits either reading."}],"words":[{"surface":"mens","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"immota","lemma":"immotus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"unmoved"},{"surface":"manet","lemma":"maneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stays"},{"surface":"lacrimae","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"volvuntur","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are rolled"},{"surface":"inanes","lemma":"inanis","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"for nothing"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b4-l450","source":"Tum vero infelix fatis exterrita Dido","translation":"Then indeed unlucky Dido, terrified by the fates,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"fatis","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"exterrita","lemma":"exterreo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"terrified"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b4-l451","source":"mortem orat; taedet caeli convexa tueri.","translation":"prays for death; she is sick of looking at the vault of the sky.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l451.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"taedet","title":"A verb with no subject","body":"taedet, 'it wearies' or 'it disgusts', is an impersonal verb with no subject at all; the person affected stands in the accusative. Latin states the feeling without making it something the person does, so English must supply a she who is sick of it."}],"words":[{"surface":"mortem","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"orat","lemma":"oro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"prays for"},{"surface":"taedet","lemma":"taedet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is tired"},{"surface":"caeli","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"convexa","lemma":"conuexus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"vault"},{"surface":"tueri","lemma":"tueor","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to look at"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b4-l452","source":"Quo magis inceptum peragat lucemque relinquat,","translation":"So that she might carry it through the sooner and leave the light,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quo","lemma":"quo","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"magis","lemma":"magis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"the more"},{"surface":"inceptum","lemma":"incipio","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"undertaking"},{"surface":"peragat","lemma":"perago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"might carry through"},{"surface":"lucemque","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"relinquat","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"might leave"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b4-l453","source":"vidit, turicremis cum dona imponeret aris,","translation":"she saw, as she was laying gifts on the incense-burning altars,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vidit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"turicremis","lemma":"turicremus","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"incense-burning"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"dona","lemma":"donum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"imponeret","lemma":"impono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was laying"},{"surface":"aris","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on the altars"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b4-l454","source":"horrendum dictu, latices nigrescere sacros,","translation":"horrible to say, the holy water blackening","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"horrendum","lemma":"horrendus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"horrible"},{"surface":"dictu","lemma":"dico","morphology":"supine, ablative","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"latices","lemma":"latex","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"waters"},{"surface":"nigrescere","lemma":"nigresco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"was blackening"},{"surface":"sacros","lemma":"sacer","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"holy"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b4-l455","source":"fusaque in obscenum se vertere vina cruorem.","translation":"and the poured wine turning into filthy blood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"fusaque","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"poured","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"obscenum","lemma":"obscenus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"filthy"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"vertere","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to turn"},{"surface":"vina","lemma":"uinum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"cruorem","lemma":"cruor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b4-l456","source":"Hoc visum nulli, non ipsi effata sorori.","translation":"She told this sight to no one, not to her own sister.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"visum","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"nulli","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ipsi","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"effata","lemma":"effor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"sorori","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"sister"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b4-l457","source":"Praeterea fuit in tectis de marmore templum","translation":"There was besides, in the house, a shrine of marble","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Praeterea","lemma":"praeterea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tectis","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"marmore","lemma":"marmor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"marble"},{"surface":"templum","lemma":"templum","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"shrine"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b4-l458","source":"coniugis antiqui, miro quod honore colebat,","translation":"to her old husband, which she kept with wonderful honor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"coniugis","lemma":"coniunx","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"antiqui","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"miro","lemma":"mirus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wonderful"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"honore","lemma":"honor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"colebat","lemma":"colo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"kept"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b4-l459","source":"velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum:","translation":"bound about with snowy fleeces and festal leaves:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"velleribus","lemma":"uellus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fleeces"},{"surface":"niveis","lemma":"niueus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"snowy"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"festa","lemma":"festus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"festal"},{"surface":"fronde","lemma":"frons","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"revinctum","lemma":"reuincio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bound about"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b4-l460","source":"hinc exaudiri voces et verba vocantis","translation":"from here she seemed to hear voices, and the words of her husband","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"exaudiri","lemma":"exaudio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be heard clearly"},{"surface":"voces","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"voices"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"verba","lemma":"uerbum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"vocantis","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"calling"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b4-l461","source":"visa viri, nox cum terras obscura teneret;","translation":"calling her, when the dark night held the earth;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"visa","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"husband's"},{"surface":"nox","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"obscura","lemma":"obscurus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"teneret","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"held"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b4-l462","source":"solaque culminibus ferali carmine bubo","translation":"and alone on the rooftop an owl would often complain","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"solaque","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"culminibus","lemma":"culmen","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"place","gloss":"on rooftops"},{"surface":"ferali","lemma":"feralis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"funeral"},{"surface":"carmine","lemma":"carmen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"song"},{"surface":"bubo","lemma":"bubo","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"horned or eagle owl"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b4-l463","source":"saepe queri et longas in fletum ducere voces;","translation":"in a funeral song, and draw its long cries out into weeping;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"saepe","lemma":"saepe","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"queri","lemma":"queror","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"would complain"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"longas","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fletum","lemma":"fletus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ducere","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"would draw"},{"surface":"voces","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cries"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b4-l464","source":"multaque praeterea vatum praedicta priorum","translation":"and many warnings of the old seers besides","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"multaque","lemma":"multus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"praeterea","lemma":"praeterea","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"vatum","lemma":"uates","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"seers"},{"surface":"praedicta","lemma":"praedictum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"warnings"},{"surface":"priorum","lemma":"prior","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b4-l465","source":"terribili monitu horrificant. Agit ipse furentem","translation":"make her flesh crawl with terrible admonition. Aeneas himself, savage,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terribili","lemma":"terribilis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"monitu","lemma":"monitus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with admonition"},{"surface":"horrificant","lemma":"horrifico","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"make crawl"},{"surface":"Agit","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"ipse","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"furentem","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b4-l466","source":"in somnis ferus Aeneas; semperque relinqui","translation":"drives her in her dreams as she rages; and always she seems to be left","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"somnis","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"dreams"},{"surface":"ferus","lemma":"ferus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"semperque","lemma":"semper","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"always","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"relinqui","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be left behind"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b4-l467","source":"sola sibi, semper longam incomitata videtur","translation":"to herself, alone, always going a long road with no one,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"sibi","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"semper","lemma":"semper","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"longam","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"incomitata","lemma":"incomitatus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"with no one"},{"surface":"videtur","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"seems"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b4-l468","source":"ire viam, et Tyrios deserta quaerere terra.","translation":"and looking for her Tyrians in a deserted land.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ire","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tyrios","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Tyrians"},{"surface":"deserta","lemma":"desertus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"deserted"},{"surface":"quaerere","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to look for"},{"surface":"terra","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b4-l469","source":"Eumenidum veluti demens videt agmina Pentheus,","translation":"As Pentheus in his madness sees ranks of Eumenides,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eumenidum","lemma":"eumenides","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Eumenides"},{"surface":"veluti","lemma":"uelut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"demens","lemma":"demens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"videt","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"agmina","lemma":"agmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"Pentheus","lemma":"pentheus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Pentheus"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b4-l470","source":"et solem geminum et duplicis se ostendere Thebas;","translation":"and a double sun, and two Thebes showing themselves;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"solem","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"geminum","lemma":"geminus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"double"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"duplicis","lemma":"duplex","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ostendere","lemma":"ostendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to show"},{"surface":"Thebas","lemma":"thebae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Thebes"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b4-l471","source":"aut Agamemnonius scaenis agitatus Orestes","translation":"or as Orestes, Agamemnon's son, hounded across the stage,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l471.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"scaenis agitatus","title":"A simile names the stage","body":"scaenis, 'on the stage', names the venue directly: Orestes as an Athenian audience would have watched him performed, not as myth alone reports him. The simile compares Dido to an actor playing a hunted man."}],"words":[{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Agamemnonius","lemma":"agamemnonius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Agamemnon's"},{"surface":"scaenis","lemma":"scaena","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"across the stage"},{"surface":"agitatus","lemma":"agito","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hounded"},{"surface":"Orestes","lemma":"orestes","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Orestes"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b4-l472","source":"armatam facibus matrem et serpentibus atris","translation":"flees from a mother armed with torches and black snakes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"armatam","lemma":"armo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"armed"},{"surface":"facibus","lemma":"fax","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with torches"},{"surface":"matrem","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"serpentibus","lemma":"serpens","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with snakes"},{"surface":"atris","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b4-l473","source":"cum fugit, ultricesque sedent in limine Dirae.","translation":"and the avenging Dirae sit in the doorway.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"fugit","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"flees"},{"surface":"ultricesque","lemma":"ultrix","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"avenging"},{"surface":"sedent","lemma":"sedeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"limine","lemma":"limen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"doorway"},{"surface":"Dirae","lemma":"dirae","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dirae"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b4-l474","source":"Ergo ubi concepit furias evicta dolore","translation":"So, when she had taken the madness in, beaten down by grief,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ergo","lemma":"ergo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"concepit","lemma":"concipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had taken in"},{"surface":"furias","lemma":"furia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"madness"},{"surface":"evicta","lemma":"euinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beaten down"},{"surface":"dolore","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b4-l475","source":"decrevitque mori, tempus secum ipsa modumque","translation":"and had decided to die, she works out with herself the time","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"decrevitque","lemma":"decerno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"decided","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"mori","lemma":"morior","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"tempus","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with herself"},{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"modumque","lemma":"modus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"manner"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b4-l476","source":"exigit, et, maestam dictis adgressa sororem,","translation":"and the manner, and, coming at her grieving sister with words,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exigit","lemma":"exigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"works out"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"maestam","lemma":"maestus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"dictis","lemma":"dictum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"adgressa","lemma":"aggredior","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"coming at"},{"surface":"sororem","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sister"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b4-l477","source":"consilium voltu tegit, ac spem fronte serenat:","translation":"hides the plan in her face and clears hope onto her brow:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"consilium","lemma":"consilium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"voltu","lemma":"uultus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"tegit","lemma":"tego","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hides"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"spem","lemma":"spes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"fronte","lemma":"frons","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"brow"},{"surface":"serenat","lemma":"sereno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"clears up"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b4-l478","source":"“Inveni, germana, viam—gratare sorori—","translation":"“I have found a way, sister (wish your sister joy)","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inveni","lemma":"inuenio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"germana","lemma":"germanus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"viam","lemma":"uia","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"gratare","lemma":"grator","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"wish joy"},{"surface":"sorori","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"sister"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b4-l479","source":"quae mihi reddat eum, vel eo me solvat amantem.","translation":"to bring him back to me, or free me from loving him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"reddat","lemma":"reddo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will bring back"},{"surface":"eum","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"vel","lemma":"uel","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"eo","lemma":"is","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"solvat","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will free"},{"surface":"amantem","lemma":"amo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"loving"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b4-l480","source":"Oceani finem iuxta solemque cadentem","translation":"Next to the Ocean's edge and the setting sun","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Oceani","lemma":"oceanus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Ocean's"},{"surface":"finem","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"iuxta","lemma":"iuxta","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"next to"},{"surface":"solemque","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"cadentem","lemma":"cado","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"setting"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b4-l481","source":"ultimus Aethiopum locus est, ubi maxumus Atlas","translation":"is the last place of the Ethiopians, where huge Atlas","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ultimus","lemma":"ultimus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine, superlative","role":"predicate","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"Aethiopum","lemma":"aethiops","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Ethiopians"},{"surface":"locus","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"maxumus","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"Atlas","lemma":"atlas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Atlas"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b4-l482","source":"axem humero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum:","translation":"turns on his shoulder the axle fitted with burning stars:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"axem","lemma":"axis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"axle"},{"surface":"humero","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"torquet","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turns"},{"surface":"stellis","lemma":"stella","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"ardentibus","lemma":"ardeo","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"aptum","lemma":"apto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fitted"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b4-l483","source":"hinc mihi Massylae gentis monstrata sacerdos,","translation":"from there a priestess of the Massylian people has been shown me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Massylae","lemma":"massylus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Massylian"},{"surface":"gentis","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"monstrata","lemma":"monstro","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"shown"},{"surface":"sacerdos","lemma":"sacerdos","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"priestess"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b4-l484","source":"Hesperidum templi custos, epulasque draconi","translation":"keeper of the temple of the Hesperides, who used to give the dragon","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hesperidum","lemma":"hesperides","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Hesperides"},{"surface":"templi","lemma":"templum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"custos","lemma":"custos","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"keeper"},{"surface":"epulasque","lemma":"epulum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"meals"},{"surface":"draconi","lemma":"draco","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"dragon"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b4-l485","source":"quae dabat, et sacros servabat in arbore ramos,","translation":"his meals and guard the holy branches on the tree,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"dabat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"used to give"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sacros","lemma":"sacer","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"servabat","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"guard"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"arbore","lemma":"arbor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"ramos","lemma":"ramus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"branches"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b4-l486","source":"spargens umida mella soporiferumque papaver.","translation":"scattering wet honey and sleep-bringing poppy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"spargens","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"scattering"},{"surface":"umida","lemma":"umidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"wet"},{"surface":"mella","lemma":"mel","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"honey"},{"surface":"soporiferumque","lemma":"soporifer","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"bringing sleep or unconsciousness"},{"surface":"papaver","lemma":"papauer","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"poppy"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b4-l487","source":"Haec se carminibus promittit solvere mentes","translation":"She promises to free with her chants what minds she chooses,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"carminibus","lemma":"carmen","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with chants"},{"surface":"promittit","lemma":"promitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"promises"},{"surface":"solvere","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to free"},{"surface":"mentes","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"minds"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b4-l488","source":"quas velit, ast aliis duras immittere curas,","translation":"and to send hard cares into others,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quas","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"velit","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"she chooses"},{"surface":"ast","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aliis","lemma":"alius","morphology":"adjective, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"duras","lemma":"durus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"immittere","lemma":"immitto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to send in"},{"surface":"curas","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cares"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b4-l489","source":"sistere aquam fluviis, et vertere sidera retro;","translation":"to stop the water in rivers and turn the stars backward;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sistere","lemma":"sisto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to stop"},{"surface":"aquam","lemma":"aqua","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"fluviis","lemma":"fluuius","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"in rivers"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vertere","lemma":"uerto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to turn"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"retro","lemma":"retro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"backward"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b4-l490","source":"nocturnosque movet Manis: mugire videbis","translation":"and she stirs the shades by night: you will see the ground","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nocturnosque","lemma":"nocturnus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"nightly"},{"surface":"movet","lemma":"moueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirs"},{"surface":"Manis","lemma":"manes","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"shades"},{"surface":"mugire","lemma":"mugio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"bellow"},{"surface":"videbis","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will see"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b4-l491","source":"sub pedibus terram, et descendere montibus ornos.","translation":"bellow underfoot, and ash trees come down from the mountains.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"underfoot"},{"surface":"pedibus","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"terram","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"descendere","lemma":"descendo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"come down"},{"surface":"montibus","lemma":"mons","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"ornos","lemma":"ornus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"ash-trees"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b4-l492","source":"Testor, cara, deos et te, germana, tuumque","translation":"I call the gods to witness, dear one, and you, sister, and your","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Testor","lemma":"testor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"call to witness"},{"surface":"cara","lemma":"carus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"dear one"},{"surface":"deos","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"germana","lemma":"germanus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"tuumque","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b4-l493","source":"dulce caput, magicas invitam accingier artes.","translation":"sweet head, that I gird myself to magic arts against my will.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l493.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"accingier","title":"An archaic passive infinitive","body":"accingier is an old passive infinitive ending in -ier, in place of the classical accingi, already outdated by Vergil's time. He uses the older form at the moment Dido swears she takes up magic against her own will."}],"words":[{"surface":"dulce","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"magicas","lemma":"magicus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"magic"},{"surface":"invitam","lemma":"inuitus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"accingier","lemma":"accingo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to gird myself"},{"surface":"artes","lemma":"ars","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"arts"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b4-l494","source":"Tu secreta pyram tecto interiore sub auras","translation":"You, in secret, set up a pyre in the inner court, open","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"secreta","lemma":"secretus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in secret"},{"surface":"pyram","lemma":"pyra","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"tecto","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"in the court"},{"surface":"interiore","lemma":"interior","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"inner"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b4-l495","source":"erige, et arma viri, thalamo quae fixa reliquit","translation":"to the sky, and lay on it the man's arms, which the undutiful one","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l495.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"impius","title":"Negating Aeneas's own epithet","body":"impius is the negative of pius, the epithet the poem gives Aeneas everywhere else. Dido places it at the head of the line to call him undutiful, using the poem's own vocabulary against him."}],"words":[{"surface":"erige","lemma":"erigo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"set up"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"thalamo","lemma":"thalamus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"in the chamber"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"fixa","lemma":"figo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having fixed"},{"surface":"reliquit","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"left behind"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b4-l496","source":"impius, exuviasque omnis, lectumque iugalem,","translation":"left hanging in my chamber, and all his relics, and the marriage bed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l496.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"exuvias","title":"Exuviae are things stripped off","body":"exuviae names things taken off a body: a shed skin, armor stripped from the dead, clothing left behind. Dido applies it to Aeneas's belongings, and addresses them by the same word again at line 651."}],"words":[{"surface":"impius","lemma":"impius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"undutiful"},{"surface":"exuviasque","lemma":"exuuiae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"relics","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"lectumque","lemma":"lectus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"iugalem","lemma":"iugalis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"marriage"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b4-l497","source":"quo perii, superimponas: abolere nefandi","translation":"where I was undone: it is a joy to blot out every trace","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quo","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on which"},{"surface":"perii","lemma":"pereo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"I was undone"},{"surface":"superimponas","lemma":"superimpono","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"pile on top"},{"surface":"abolere","lemma":"aboleo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to blot out"},{"surface":"nefandi","lemma":"nefandus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"abominable"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b4-l498","source":"cuncta viri monumenta iuvat, monstratque sacerdos.”","translation":"of that abominable man, and the priestess directs it.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cuncta","lemma":"cunctus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"man's"},{"surface":"monumenta","lemma":"monumentum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"trace"},{"surface":"iuvat","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is a joy"},{"surface":"monstratque","lemma":"monstro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"directs"},{"surface":"sacerdos","lemma":"sacerdos","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"priestess"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b4-l499","source":"Haec effata silet; pallor simul occupat ora.","translation":"She said this and fell silent; pallor takes her face at once.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"effata","lemma":"effor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having said"},{"surface":"silet","lemma":"sileo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is silent"},{"surface":"pallor","lemma":"pallor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"paleness"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"occupat","lemma":"occupo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b4-l500","source":"Non tamen Anna novis praetexere funera sacris","translation":"Still Anna does not believe her sister is screening her own funeral","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tamen","lemma":"tamen","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"Anna","lemma":"anna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Anna"},{"surface":"novis","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"praetexere","lemma":"praetexo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"is screening"},{"surface":"funera","lemma":"funus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"funerals"},{"surface":"sacris","lemma":"sacer","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with rites"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b4-l501","source":"germanam credit, nec tantos mente furores","translation":"with strange rites, nor does she take in so great a madness,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"germanam","lemma":"germanus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"credit","lemma":"credo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"believes"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"tantos","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"furores","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"madness"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b4-l502","source":"concipit, aut graviora timet, quam morte Sychaei:","translation":"nor fear anything worse than at Sychaeus' death:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"concipit","lemma":"concipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes in"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"graviora","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter, comparative","role":"object","gloss":"worse things"},{"surface":"timet","lemma":"timeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fears"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"quam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"Sychaei","lemma":"sychaeus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Sychaeus"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b4-l503","source":"ergo iussa parat.","translation":"and so she makes ready what was asked.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ergo","lemma":"ergo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"iussa","lemma":"iussum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what was asked"},{"surface":"parat","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes ready"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b4-l504","source":"At regina, pyra penetrali in sede sub auras","translation":"But the queen, when the pyre had been raised toward the sky","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"pyra","lemma":"pyra","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"penetrali","lemma":"penetralis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"innermost"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sede","lemma":"sedes","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"auras","lemma":"aura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b4-l505","source":"erecta ingenti taedis atque ilice secta,","translation":"in the inmost place, huge with pine torches and cut oak,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"erecta","lemma":"erigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"ingenti","lemma":"ingens","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"huge"},{"surface":"taedis","lemma":"taeda","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"pine torch"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ilice","lemma":"ilex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"oak"},{"surface":"secta","lemma":"seco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cut"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b4-l506","source":"intenditque locum sertis, et fronde coronat","translation":"hangs the place with garlands and crowns it with funeral","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"intenditque","lemma":"intendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hangs"},{"surface":"locum","lemma":"locus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"sertis","lemma":"sertum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with garlands"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fronde","lemma":"frons","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"foliage"},{"surface":"coronat","lemma":"corono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"crowns"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b4-l507","source":"funerea; super exuvias ensemque relictum","translation":"leaves; on top she sets the relics, the sword he left,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"funerea","lemma":"funereus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"funeral"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on top"},{"surface":"exuvias","lemma":"exuuiae","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"relics"},{"surface":"ensemque","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"relictum","lemma":"relinquo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been left behind"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b4-l508","source":"effigiemque toro locat, haud ignara futuri.","translation":"and an image, on the bed, knowing well what was coming.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l508.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"haud ignara futuri","title":"A negative stating a strong fact","body":"haud ignara, 'not ignorant', is litotes, a negative phrase used to state something plainly rather than emphatically. haud ignara futuri, 'not ignorant of what was to come', tells the reader Dido already knew what she was planning, unlike Anna."}],"words":[{"surface":"effigiemque","lemma":"effigies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"image","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"toro","lemma":"torus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"on the bed"},{"surface":"locat","lemma":"loco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sets"},{"surface":"haud","lemma":"haud","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ignara","lemma":"ignarus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"futuri","lemma":"futurus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"of what was coming"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b4-l509","source":"Stant arae circum, et crines effusa sacerdos","translation":"Altars stand round, and the priestess, her hair let loose,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Stant","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"arae","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"altars"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"crines","lemma":"crinis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"effusa","lemma":"effundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"let loose"},{"surface":"sacerdos","lemma":"sacerdos","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"priestess"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b4-l510","source":"ter centum tonat ore deos, Erebumque Chaosque,","translation":"thunders three hundred gods with her mouth, Erebus and Chaos,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ter","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"centum","lemma":"centum","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifier","gloss":"one hundred"},{"surface":"tonat","lemma":"tono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"thunders"},{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"deos","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"Erebumque","lemma":"erebus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Erebus"},{"surface":"Chaosque","lemma":"chaos","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"Chaos"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b4-l511","source":"tergeminamque Hecaten, tria virginis ora Dianae.","translation":"and threefold Hecate, the three faces of the maiden Diana.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tergeminamque","lemma":"trigeminus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"threefold"},{"surface":"Hecaten","lemma":"hecate","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Hecate"},{"surface":"tria","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"virginis","lemma":"uirgo","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"maiden, young woman"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"Dianae","lemma":"diana","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Diana"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b4-l512","source":"Sparserat et latices simulatos fontis Averni,","translation":"She had sprinkled water pretended to be from Avernus' spring,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sparserat","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had sprinkled"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"latices","lemma":"latex","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"waters"},{"surface":"simulatos","lemma":"simulo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pretended"},{"surface":"fontis","lemma":"fons","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"Averni","lemma":"auernus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Avernus'"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b4-l513","source":"falcibus et messae ad lunam quaeruntur aënis","translation":"and they look for herbs still in their first down, reaped by moonlight","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"falcibus","lemma":"falx","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sickles"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"messae","lemma":"meto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"reaped"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"lunam","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"quaeruntur","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"are sought"},{"surface":"aënis","lemma":"aeneus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b4-l514","source":"pubentes herbae nigri cum lacte veneni;","translation":"with bronze sickles, with their black milk of poison;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"pubentes","lemma":"pubens","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"full of sap, vigorous"},{"surface":"herbae","lemma":"herba","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"herbs"},{"surface":"nigri","lemma":"niger","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"lacte","lemma":"lac","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"milk"},{"surface":"veneni","lemma":"uenenum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"poison"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b4-l515","source":"quaeritur et nascentis equi de fronte revolsus","translation":"and they look for the love-charm torn from the forehead of a new-foaled colt","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quaeritur","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is sought"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nascentis","lemma":"nascor","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"being born"},{"surface":"equi","lemma":"equus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of a colt"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"fronte","lemma":"frons","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"revolsus","lemma":"reuello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"torn"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b4-l516","source":"et matri praereptus amor.","translation":"and snatched away before the mother.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l516.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"et matri praereptus amor.","title":"An unfinished line about a charm","body":"The verse breaks off short, one of Vergil's incomplete lines. The object sought is the hippomanes, a growth on a newborn foal's forehead believed to make a powerful love charm if taken before the mare could bite it off; Vergil names it simply amor, 'love'."}],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"matri","lemma":"mater","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"praereptus","lemma":"praeripio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been snatched away"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b4-l517","source":"Ipsa mola manibusque piis altaria iuxta,","translation":"She herself, beside the altars with the meal and with dutiful hands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"mola","lemma":"mola","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with meal"},{"surface":"manibusque","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"piis","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dutiful"},{"surface":"altaria","lemma":"altaria","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"altars"},{"surface":"iuxta","lemma":"iuxta","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"beside"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b4-l518","source":"unum exuta pedem vinclis, in veste recincta,","translation":"one foot bare of its binding, her dress ungirt,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"unum","lemma":"unus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"exuta","lemma":"exuo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"pedem","lemma":"pes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"vinclis","lemma":"uinculum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"binding"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"veste","lemma":"uestis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"dress"},{"surface":"recincta","lemma":"recingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ungirt"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b4-l519","source":"testatur moritura deos et conscia fati","translation":"calls the gods to witness her death, and the stars that know","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"testatur","lemma":"testor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls to witness"},{"surface":"moritura","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, future active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"about to die"},{"surface":"deos","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"conscia","lemma":"conscius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"fati","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"fate"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b4-l520","source":"sidera; tum, si quod non aequo foedere amantes","translation":"her fate; then she prays to whatever power there is,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"quod","lemma":"qui","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aequo","lemma":"aequus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"foedere","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in a compact"},{"surface":"amantes","lemma":"amo","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"lovers"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b4-l521","source":"curae numen habet iustumque memorque, precatur.","translation":"just and unforgetting, that has lovers bound unequally in its care.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"curae","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"in its care"},{"surface":"numen","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"habet","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"iustumque","lemma":"iustus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"and just","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"memorque","lemma":"memor","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"and mindful","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"precatur","lemma":"precor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"prays"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b4-l522","source":"Nox erat, et placidum carpebant fessa soporem","translation":"It was night, and tired bodies over the earth were taking","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nox","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"erat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"placidum","lemma":"placidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"carpebant","lemma":"carpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were taking"},{"surface":"fessa","lemma":"fessus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"tired"},{"surface":"soporem","lemma":"sopor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"deep sleep"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b4-l523","source":"corpora per terras, silvaeque et saeva quierant","translation":"a quiet sleep; the woods and the wild waters","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"corpora","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"silvaeque","lemma":"silua","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"and woods"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"saeva","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"quierant","lemma":"quiesco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone still"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b4-l524","source":"aequora: cum medio volvuntur sidera lapsu,","translation":"had gone still: it was the hour when the stars roll at mid-course,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aequora","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"waters"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"medio","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mid"},{"surface":"volvuntur","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"are rolled"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"lapsu","lemma":"lapsus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in their course"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b4-l525","source":"cum tacet omnis ager, pecudes pictaeque volucres,","translation":"when every field is silent, cattle and painted birds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"tacet","lemma":"taceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"is silent"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ager","lemma":"ager","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"pecudes","lemma":"pecus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"pictaeque","lemma":"pingo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been painted"},{"surface":"volucres","lemma":"uolucris","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"birds"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b4-l526","source":"quaeque lacus late liquidos, quaeque aspera dumis","translation":"and all that hold the wide clear lakes, and all that hold","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quaeque","lemma":"quisque","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"and all that"},{"surface":"lacus","lemma":"lacus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"lakes"},{"surface":"late","lemma":"late","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"liquidos","lemma":"liquidus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"quaeque","lemma":"quisque","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"and all that"},{"surface":"aspera","lemma":"asper","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"rough"},{"surface":"dumis","lemma":"dumus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"thorn or briar bush"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b4-l527","source":"rura tenent, somno positae sub nocte silenti","translation":"the country rough with thorn, laid down in sleep under the silent night,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"rura","lemma":"rus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"tenent","lemma":"teneo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"somno","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in sleep"},{"surface":"positae","lemma":"pono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"laid down"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"nocte","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"silenti","lemma":"silens","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"silent"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b4-l528","source":"lenibant curas, et corda oblita laborum.","translation":"were easing their cares, and their hearts had forgotten their toil.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"lenibant","lemma":"lenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were easing"},{"surface":"curas","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cares"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"corda","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"oblita","lemma":"obliuiscor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"forgotten"},{"surface":"laborum","lemma":"labor","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"toils"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b4-l529","source":"At non infelix animi Phoenissa, nec umquam","translation":"But not the Phoenician woman, sick at heart; never","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l529.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Phoenissa","title":"Dido named by her people","body":"Phoenissa, 'the Phoenician woman', replaces Dido's name here. Vergil does this at the worst moments in the book, naming her by her nation rather than by her own name."}],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"animi","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"in heart"},{"surface":"Phoenissa","lemma":"phoenissa","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"the Phoenician woman"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and never"},{"surface":"umquam","lemma":"umquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"ever"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b4-l530","source":"Solvitur in somnos, oculisve aut pectore noctem","translation":"is she loosed into sleep, nor does she take the night","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Solvitur","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"is loosed"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"somnos","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sleeps"},{"surface":"oculisve","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"noctem","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b4-l531","source":"accipit: ingeminant curae, rursusque resurgens","translation":"into her eyes or her breast: her cares redouble, and love","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"accipit","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"ingeminant","lemma":"ingemino","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"redouble"},{"surface":"curae","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"cares"},{"surface":"rursusque","lemma":"rursus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"resurgens","lemma":"resurgo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rising"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b4-l532","source":"saevit amor, magnoque irarum fluctuat aestu.","translation":"rises again and rages, and she heaves on a great swell of anger.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l532.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"magno irarum fluctuat aestu","title":"A sea metaphor for her anger","body":"aestus, 'the surge of the tide', and fluctuat, 'heaves' or 'is tossed', are both words for what a ship does at sea. Vergil applies them to Dido's anger at the hour Aeneas sleeps aboard ship, and the line returns with barely a change at 564."}],"words":[{"surface":"saevit","lemma":"saeuio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"magnoque","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"irarum","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"angers"},{"surface":"fluctuat","lemma":"fluctuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaves"},{"surface":"aestu","lemma":"aestus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on a swell"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b4-l533","source":"Sic adeo insistit, secumque ita corde volutat:","translation":"So she holds to it, and turns it over so in her heart:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"adeo","lemma":"adeo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"insistit","lemma":"insisto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds to it"},{"surface":"secumque","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with herself","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ita","lemma":"ita","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"corde","lemma":"cor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"volutat","lemma":"uoluto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turns over"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b4-l534","source":"“En, quid ago? Rursusne procos inrisa priores","translation":"“Look, what am I doing? Am I to try my old suitors again,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ago","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"am I doing"},{"surface":"Rursusne","lemma":"rursus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"procos","lemma":"procus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"inrisa","lemma":"irrideo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"mocked"},{"surface":"priores","lemma":"prior","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine, comparative","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b4-l535","source":"experiar, Nomadumque petam conubia supplex,","translation":"a laughingstock, and beg a Nomad marriage as a suppliant,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"experiar","lemma":"experior","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"am I to try"},{"surface":"Nomadumque","lemma":"nomas","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Nomads","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"petam","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"seek"},{"surface":"conubia","lemma":"conubium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"supplex","lemma":"supplex","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"a suppliant"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b4-l536","source":"quos ego sim totiens iam dedignata maritos?","translation":"men I have already refused as husbands so many times?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sim","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"totiens","lemma":"totiens","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so many times"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"dedignata","lemma":"dedignor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"refused"},{"surface":"maritos","lemma":"maritus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"husbands"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b4-l537","source":"Iliacas igitur classes atque ultima Teucrum","translation":"Am I then to follow the Ilian fleets and the last","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iliacas","lemma":"iliacus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Ilian"},{"surface":"igitur","lemma":"igitur","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"classes","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fleets"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ultima","lemma":"ultimus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"last orders"},{"surface":"Teucrum","lemma":"teucer","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the Teucrians"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b4-l538","source":"iussa sequar? Quiane auxilio iuvat ante levatos,","translation":"orders of the Teucrians? Because it is pleasant to have been helped","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"iussa","lemma":"iussum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"orders"},{"surface":"sequar","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"am I to follow"},{"surface":"Quiane","lemma":"quia","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"because","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"auxilio","lemma":"auxilium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"by help"},{"surface":"iuvat","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is it pleasing"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"levatos","lemma":"leuo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"helped"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b4-l539","source":"et bene apud memores veteris stat gratia facti?","translation":"before, and thanks for an old deed stands well with people who remember?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bene","lemma":"bene","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"apud","lemma":"apud","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"memores","lemma":"memor","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"those who remember"},{"surface":"veteris","lemma":"uetus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"stat","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"gratia","lemma":"gratia","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"thanks"},{"surface":"facti","lemma":"factum","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"for a deed"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b4-l540","source":"Quis me autem, fac velle, sinet, ratibusve superbis","translation":"And who, grant that I wished it, would let me, or take me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"autem","lemma":"autem","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fac","lemma":"facio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"grant"},{"surface":"velle","lemma":"uolo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to wish"},{"surface":"sinet","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would let"},{"surface":"ratibusve","lemma":"ratis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"rafts"},{"surface":"superbis","lemma":"superbus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b4-l541","source":"invisam accipiet? Nescis heu, perdita, necdum","translation":"hated, aboard those proud ships? Do you not know, lost woman,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"invisam","lemma":"inuisus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hated"},{"surface":"accipiet","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would take"},{"surface":"Nescis","lemma":"nescio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do not know"},{"surface":"heu","lemma":"heu","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"perdita","lemma":"perditus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"lost woman"},{"surface":"necdum","lemma":"necdum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"not yet"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b4-l542","source":"Laomedonteae sentis periuria gentis?","translation":"do you not yet feel, the perjuries of Laomedon's race?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Laomedonteae","lemma":"laomedonteus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of Laomedon"},{"surface":"sentis","lemma":"sentio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you feel"},{"surface":"periuria","lemma":"periurium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"perjuries"},{"surface":"gentis","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the race"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b4-l543","source":"Quid tum, sola fuga nautas comitabor ovantes,","translation":"What then? Shall I go alone in flight, with sailors cheering,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"fuga","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"nautas","lemma":"nauta","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sailors"},{"surface":"comitabor","lemma":"comitor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I go with"},{"surface":"ovantes","lemma":"ouo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cheering"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b4-l544","source":"an Tyriis omnique manu stipata meorum","translation":"or bear down on them with my Tyrians and the whole force","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Tyriis","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Tyrian"},{"surface":"omnique","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"and whole"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with a force"},{"surface":"stipata","lemma":"stipo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"packed about"},{"surface":"meorum","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of my people"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b4-l545","source":"inferar, et, quos Sidonia vix urbe revelli,","translation":"of my people packed about me, and drive back to sea","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"inferar","lemma":"infero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative passive","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I bear down"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quos","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Sidonia","lemma":"sidonius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Sidonian"},{"surface":"vix","lemma":"uix","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"urbe","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"revelli","lemma":"reuello","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"tore out"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b4-l546","source":"rursus agam pelago, et ventis dare vela iubebo?","translation":"the men I barely tore out of Sidon, and order sail given to the wind?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"rursus","lemma":"rursus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"agam","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"am I to drive"},{"surface":"pelago","lemma":"pelagus","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the sea"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ventis","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to the winds"},{"surface":"dare","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"vela","lemma":"uelum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sail"},{"surface":"iubebo","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will order"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b4-l547","source":"Quin morere, ut merita es, ferroque averte dolorem.","translation":"No: die, as you have earned, and turn the grief aside with iron.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l547.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quin morere","title":"Quin with a command means agree","body":"quin with an imperative has the force of 'why not', that is, an instruction to act: quin morere, 'die, then'. Dido gives herself this order directly, in the second person, ferro, 'with iron'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quin","lemma":"quin","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"no, rather"},{"surface":"morere","lemma":"morior","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"merita","lemma":"mereor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"have earned"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ferroque","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"averte","lemma":"auerto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"turn away"},{"surface":"dolorem","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b4-l548","source":"Tu lacrimis evicta meis, tu prima furentem","translation":"You, beaten down by my tears, you first loaded these evils","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lacrimis","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"evicta","lemma":"euinco","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"beaten down"},{"surface":"meis","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"furentem","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b4-l549","source":"his, germana, malis oneras atque obicis hosti.","translation":"onto me in my madness, sister, and threw me to the enemy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"his","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"germana","lemma":"germanus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"malis","lemma":"malum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with evils"},{"surface":"oneras","lemma":"onero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"load"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"obicis","lemma":"obicio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"throw before"},{"surface":"hosti","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"enemy"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b4-l550","source":"Non licuit thalami expertem sine crimine vitam","translation":"I was not allowed to live a life clear of blame, untried in marriage,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"licuit","lemma":"licet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"thalami","lemma":"thalamus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of marriage"},{"surface":"expertem","lemma":"expers","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"untried"},{"surface":"sine","lemma":"sine","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"crimine","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"blame"},{"surface":"vitam","lemma":"uita","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b4-l551","source":"degere, more ferae, tales nec tangere curas!","translation":"in the manner of a wild thing, and never touch such cares!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l551.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"more ferae","title":"An animal's life named blameless","body":"more ferae, 'in the manner of a wild animal', modifies degere, 'to live'. It describes a life without marriage, without blame, culpa, and without tales curas, 'such cares' as Dido now carries."}],"words":[{"surface":"degere","lemma":"dego","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"more","lemma":"mos","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in the manner"},{"surface":"ferae","lemma":"fera","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"wild beast"},{"surface":"tales","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and never"},{"surface":"tangere","lemma":"tango","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to touch"},{"surface":"curas","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"cares"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b4-l552","source":"Non servata fides cineri promissa Sychaeo!”","translation":"The faith promised to Sychaeus' ash was not kept!”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"servata","lemma":"seruo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"having been kept safe"},{"surface":"fides","lemma":"fides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"cineri","lemma":"cinis","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"promissa","lemma":"promitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"Sychaeo","lemma":"sychaeus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"apposition","gloss":"Sychaeus"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b4-l553","source":"Tantos illa suo rumpebat pectore questus.","translation":"Such were the cries she was breaking out of her breast.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tantos","lemma":"tantus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"suo","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"rumpebat","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was breaking"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"questus","lemma":"questus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"cries"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b4-l554","source":"Aeneas celsa in puppi, iam certus eundi,","translation":"Aeneas, high on the stern, sure now of going,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"celsa","lemma":"celsus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"puppi","lemma":"puppis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"certus","lemma":"certus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"eundi","lemma":"eo","morphology":"gerund, genitive","role":"verbal noun","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b4-l555","source":"carpebat somnos, rebus iam rite paratis.","translation":"was taking his sleep, everything now duly made ready.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"carpebat","lemma":"carpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was taking"},{"surface":"somnos","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sleeps"},{"surface":"rebus","lemma":"res","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"rite","lemma":"rite","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"duly"},{"surface":"paratis","lemma":"paro","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"made ready"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b4-l556","source":"Huic se forma dei voltu redeuntis eodem","translation":"The shape of the god came to him in his sleep, returning","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Huic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"shape"},{"surface":"dei","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"voltu","lemma":"uultus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"redeuntis","lemma":"redeo","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"eodem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b4-l557","source":"obtulit in somnis, rursusque ita visa monere est—","translation":"with the same face, and seemed to warn him again:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"obtulit","lemma":"offero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"presented"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"somnis","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sleeps"},{"surface":"rursusque","lemma":"rursus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ita","lemma":"ita","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"visa","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"monere","lemma":"moneo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to warn"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b4-l558","source":"omnia Mercurio similis, vocemque coloremque","translation":"like Mercury in everything, in the voice and the coloring","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in everything"},{"surface":"Mercurio","lemma":"mercurius","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Mercury"},{"surface":"similis","lemma":"similis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"vocemque","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"coloremque","lemma":"color","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"color"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b4-l559","source":"et crinis flavos et membra decora iuventa:","translation":"and the yellow hair and the limbs made handsome by youth:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"crinis","lemma":"crinis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hairs"},{"surface":"flavos","lemma":"flauus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"membra","lemma":"membrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"decora","lemma":"decorus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"made handsome"},{"surface":"iuventa","lemma":"iuuenta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by youth"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b4-l560","source":"“Nate dea, potes hoc sub casu ducere somnos,","translation":"“Son of a goddess, can you draw out sleep in a crisis like this,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nate","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"dea","lemma":"dea","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"potes","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"can you"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"casu","lemma":"casus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"crisis"},{"surface":"ducere","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to draw out"},{"surface":"somnos","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sleeps"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b4-l561","source":"nec, quae te circum stent deinde pericula, cernis,","translation":"and not see what dangers stand around you after this,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"circum","lemma":"circum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"stent","lemma":"sto","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"deinde","lemma":"deinde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"after this"},{"surface":"pericula","lemma":"periculum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"dangers"},{"surface":"cernis","lemma":"cerno","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you see"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b4-l562","source":"demens, nec Zephyros audis spirare secundos?","translation":"madman, nor hear the west winds blowing fair?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"demens","lemma":"demens","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"madman"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"Zephyros","lemma":"zephyrus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"west winds"},{"surface":"audis","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"spirare","lemma":"spiro","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"blowing"},{"surface":"secundos","lemma":"secundus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fair"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b4-l563","source":"Illa dolos dirumque nefas in pectore versat,","translation":"She turns tricks and a dreadful crime over in her breast,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"dolos","lemma":"dolus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"tricks"},{"surface":"dirumque","lemma":"dirus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"and dreadful"},{"surface":"nefas","lemma":"nefas","morphology":"noun, indeclinable","role":"object","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"her breast"},{"surface":"versat","lemma":"uerso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps turning"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b4-l564","source":"certa mori, varioque irarum fluctuat aestu.","translation":"sure of dying, and heaves on a shifting swell of anger.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"certa","lemma":"certus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"mori","lemma":"morior","morphology":"verb, present infinitive deponent","role":"infinitive","gloss":"of dying"},{"surface":"varioque","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"and shifting","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"irarum","lemma":"ira","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"angers"},{"surface":"fluctuat","lemma":"fluctuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaves"},{"surface":"aestu","lemma":"aestus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on a swell"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b4-l565","source":"Non fugis hinc praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas?","translation":"Will you not run headlong from here, while there is power to run?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l565.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"praeceps ... praecipitare","title":"The same root used twice","body":"praeceps, 'headlong', and praecipitare, 'to rush headlong', share the same root and stand together in this line. The question asks whether Aeneas can still act praeceps, headlong, while there is still power, potestas, to do it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fugis","lemma":"fugio","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will you run"},{"surface":"hinc","lemma":"hinc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"from here"},{"surface":"praeceps","lemma":"praeceps","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"headlong"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"praecipitare","lemma":"praecipito","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to rush headlong"},{"surface":"potestas","lemma":"potestas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"power"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b4-l566","source":"Iam mare turbari trabibus, saevasque videbis","translation":"Soon you will see the sea churned with timber, savage torches","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"mare","lemma":"mare","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"turbari","lemma":"turbo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive passive","role":"infinitive","gloss":"is churned"},{"surface":"trabibus","lemma":"trabs","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with timber"},{"surface":"saevasque","lemma":"saeuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"videbis","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will see"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b4-l567","source":"conlucere faces, iam fervere litora flammis,","translation":"blazing, soon the shore boiling with flames,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conlucere","lemma":"colluceo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"faces","lemma":"fax","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"torches"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"fervere","lemma":"ferueo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to be hot"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"flammis","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"flames"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b4-l568","source":"si te his attigerit terris Aurora morantem.","translation":"if Dawn touches you still lingering in this land.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"his","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"attigerit","lemma":"attingo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"touches"},{"surface":"terris","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"place","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"Aurora","lemma":"aurora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"morantem","lemma":"moror","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"lingering"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b4-l569","source":"Heia age, rumpe moras. Varium et mutabile semper","translation":"Up, come, break off delay. Always a shifting, changeable thing:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l569.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Varium et mutabile semper femina","title":"Neuter adjectives precede the noun","body":"varium and mutabile are neuter adjectives, agreeing with an implied neuter noun rather than femina, 'woman', which is held back to the next line. The grammar calls her a changeable thing before it names her a woman."}],"words":[{"surface":"Heia","lemma":"heia","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"age","lemma":"ago","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"rumpe","lemma":"rumpo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"break"},{"surface":"moras","lemma":"mora","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"Varium","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"shifting"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mutabile","lemma":"mutabilis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"changeable"},{"surface":"semper","lemma":"semper","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b4-l570","source":"femina.” Sic fatus, nocti se immiscuit atrae.","translation":"a woman.” So he spoke, and mixed himself into the black night.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"femina","lemma":"femina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fatus","lemma":"for","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"nocti","lemma":"nox","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"immiscuit","lemma":"immisceo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"mixed in"},{"surface":"atrae","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, dative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b4-l571","source":"Tum vero Aeneas, subitis exterritus umbris,","translation":"Then indeed Aeneas, terrified by the sudden shadows,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l571.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vero","lemma":"uero","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Aeneas","lemma":"aeneas","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeneas"},{"surface":"subitis","lemma":"subitus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"sudden"},{"surface":"exterritus","lemma":"exterreo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"terrified"},{"surface":"umbris","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shadows"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b4-l572","source":"corripit e somno corpus, sociosque fatigat:","translation":"snatches his body out of sleep and harries his crews:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"corripit","lemma":"corripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"snatches"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"somno","lemma":"somnus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"corpus","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"sociosque","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"and crews","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"fatigat","lemma":"fatigo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"harries"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b4-l573","source":"“Praecipites vigilate, viri, et considite transtris;","translation":"“Awake, men, and be quick, and take your places on the benches;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Praecipites","lemma":"praeceps","morphology":"adjective, vocative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quick"},{"surface":"vigilate","lemma":"uigilo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"awake"},{"surface":"viri","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"considite","lemma":"consido","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"take your places"},{"surface":"transtris","lemma":"transtrum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"place","gloss":"benches"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b4-l574","source":"solvite vela citi. Deus aethere missus ab alto","translation":"loose the sails, fast. A god sent down from high heaven","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"solvite","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"loose"},{"surface":"vela","lemma":"uelum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"citi","lemma":"citus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"Deus","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"aethere","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"upper air"},{"surface":"missus","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been sent"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b4-l575","source":"festinare fugam tortosque incidere funes","translation":"is goading us again, look, to hurry our flight","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"festinare","lemma":"festino","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to hurry"},{"surface":"fugam","lemma":"fuga","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"tortosque","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been twisted"},{"surface":"incidere","lemma":"incido","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to cut"},{"surface":"funes","lemma":"funis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"cables"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b4-l576","source":"ecce iterum stimulat. Sequimur te, sancte deorum,","translation":"and cut the twisted cables. We follow you, holy one among the gods,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ecce","lemma":"ecce","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"iterum","lemma":"iterum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"stimulat","lemma":"stimulo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"urges forward with a goad"},{"surface":"Sequimur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sancte","lemma":"sanctus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"deorum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b4-l577","source":"quisquis es, imperioque iterum paremus ovantes.","translation":"whoever you are, and obey the order again, and gladly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quisquis","lemma":"quisquis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"imperioque","lemma":"imperium","morphology":"noun, dative singular neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"the order","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"iterum","lemma":"iterum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"paremus","lemma":"pareo","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"we obey"},{"surface":"ovantes","lemma":"ouo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"gladly"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b4-l578","source":"Adsis o placidusque iuves, et sidera caelo","translation":"Be with us, be kind and help us, and bring us favoring","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Adsis","lemma":"adsum","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"be with us"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"placidusque","lemma":"placidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"and kind"},{"surface":"iuves","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sidera","lemma":"sidus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b4-l579","source":"dextra feras.” Dixit, vaginaque eripit ensem","translation":"stars in the sky.” He spoke, and tore his sword from the sheath,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with favoring hand"},{"surface":"feras","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"Dixit","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"vaginaque","lemma":"uagina","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"from the sheath"},{"surface":"eripit","lemma":"eripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore"},{"surface":"ensem","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b4-l580","source":"fulmineum, strictoque ferit retinacula ferro.","translation":"a bolt of it, and struck the mooring ropes with the drawn iron.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l580.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fulmineum","title":"The sword called lightning-like","body":"fulmineum, 'like a thunderbolt', describes the sword as it is drawn. The same word describes Jupiter's own weapon elsewhere, and here it cuts the mooring ropes one line after a god has told Aeneas to go."}],"words":[{"surface":"fulmineum","lemma":"fulmineus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"a bolt"},{"surface":"strictoque","lemma":"stringo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"ferit","lemma":"ferio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"retinacula","lemma":"retinaculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"ropes"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b4-l581","source":"Idem omnes simul ardor habet, rapiuntque ruuntque;","translation":"The same heat holds them all at once; they snatch and rush;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Idem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"omnes","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"simul","lemma":"simul","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ardor","lemma":"ardor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"heat"},{"surface":"habet","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"rapiuntque","lemma":"rapio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"snatch","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"ruuntque","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rush"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b4-l582","source":"litora deseruere; latet sub classibus aequor;","translation":"they have left the shore; the sea is hidden under the ships;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"deseruere","lemma":"desero","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"have left"},{"surface":"latet","lemma":"lateo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies hidden"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"classibus","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"aequor","lemma":"aequor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b4-l583","source":"adnixi torquent spumas et caerula verrunt.","translation":"strain and churn the foam and sweep the blue.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"adnixi","lemma":"annitor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"straining"},{"surface":"torquent","lemma":"torqueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"churn"},{"surface":"spumas","lemma":"spuma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"foam"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"caerula","lemma":"caerulus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"the blue"},{"surface":"verrunt","lemma":"uerro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sweep clean"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b4-l584","source":"Et iam prima novo spargebat lumine terras","translation":"And already the first light was being scattered new over the lands","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"iam","lemma":"iam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"prima","lemma":"primus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"novo","lemma":"nouus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"spargebat","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"lumine","lemma":"lumen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"lands"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b4-l585","source":"Tithoni croceum linquens Aurora cubile.","translation":"by Dawn, leaving Tithonus' saffron bed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l585.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tithoni","lemma":"tithonus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Tithonus"},{"surface":"croceum","lemma":"croceus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"saffron"},{"surface":"linquens","lemma":"linquo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"Aurora","lemma":"aurora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"cubile","lemma":"cubile","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bed"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b4-l586","source":"Regina e speculis ut primum albescere lucem","translation":"As soon as the queen from her watchtower saw the light","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Regina","lemma":"regina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"speculis","lemma":"specula","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"watchtower"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"albescere","lemma":"albesco","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"was whitening"},{"surface":"lucem","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"light"}]},{"number":587,"label":"587","id":"b4-l587","source":"vidit, et aequatis classem procedere velis,","translation":"whitening, and the fleet going out with its sails squared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l587.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"vidit","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aequatis","lemma":"aequo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"squared"},{"surface":"classem","lemma":"classis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"procedere","lemma":"procedo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"going out"},{"surface":"velis","lemma":"uelum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with sails"}]},{"number":588,"label":"588","id":"b4-l588","source":"litoraque et vacuos sensit sine remige portus,","translation":"and felt the shore and the harbors empty of an oarsman,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l588.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"litoraque","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"and shore"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vacuos","lemma":"uacuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"sensit","lemma":"sentio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"sine","lemma":"sine","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"remige","lemma":"remex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"oarsman"},{"surface":"portus","lemma":"portus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"harbors"}]},{"number":589,"label":"589","id":"b4-l589","source":"terque quaterque manu pectus percussa decorum,","translation":"three times and four times she struck her lovely breast with her hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l589.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"terque","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"quaterque","lemma":"quater","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"four times"},{"surface":"manu","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"pectus","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"percussa","lemma":"percutio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been struck"},{"surface":"decorum","lemma":"decorus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":590,"label":"590","id":"b4-l590","source":"flaventesque abscissa comas, “Pro Iuppiter, ibit","translation":"and tore her yellow hair. “By Jupiter, will he go,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l590.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"flaventesque","lemma":"flaueo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"abscissa","lemma":"abscindo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been teared"},{"surface":"comas","lemma":"coma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"Pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Iuppiter","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Jupiter"},{"surface":"ibit","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"}]},{"number":591,"label":"591","id":"b4-l591","source":"hic” ait “et nostris inluserit advena regnis?","translation":"this man,” she says, “and will an incomer have made a mock of my realm?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l591.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nostris","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"inluserit","lemma":"illudo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will have mocked"},{"surface":"advena","lemma":"aduena","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"an incomer"},{"surface":"regnis","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"realm"}]},{"number":592,"label":"592","id":"b4-l592","source":"Non arma expedient, totaque ex urbe sequentur,","translation":"Will they not get their weapons out and give chase from the whole city,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l592.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"expedient","lemma":"expedio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will they get out"},{"surface":"totaque","lemma":"totus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"and whole"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"urbe","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"sequentur","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"will follow"}]},{"number":593,"label":"593","id":"b4-l593","source":"deripientque rates alii navalibus? Ite,","translation":"and some tear the ships out of the docks? Go,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l593.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"deripientque","lemma":"deripio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"and will tear","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"rates","lemma":"ratis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"alii","lemma":"alius","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"navalibus","lemma":"nauale","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from the docks"},{"surface":"Ite","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"go"}]},{"number":594,"label":"594","id":"b4-l594","source":"ferte citi flammas, date vela, impellite remos!—","translation":"bring fire, quickly, spread sail, drive the oars!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l594.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ferte","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"citi","lemma":"citus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"flammas","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"date","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"vela","lemma":"uelum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"sail"},{"surface":"impellite","lemma":"impello","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"drive on"},{"surface":"remos","lemma":"remus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"oars"}]},{"number":595,"label":"595","id":"b4-l595","source":"Quid loquor, aut ubi sum? Quae mentem insania mutat?","translation":"What am I saying? Where am I? What madness turns my mind?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l595.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"loquor","lemma":"loquor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"am I saying"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ubi","lemma":"ubi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"sum","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"Quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"mentem","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"insania","lemma":"insania","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"madness"},{"surface":"mutat","lemma":"muto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"turns"}]},{"number":596,"label":"596","id":"b4-l596","source":"Infelix Dido, nunc te facta impia tangunt.","translation":"Unlucky Dido, now his unholy acts touch you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l596.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Infelix","lemma":"infelix","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Dido"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"facta","lemma":"factum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"acts"},{"surface":"impia","lemma":"impius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unholy"},{"surface":"tangunt","lemma":"tango","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"touch"}]},{"number":597,"label":"597","id":"b4-l597","source":"Tum decuit, cum sceptra dabas.—En dextra fidesque,","translation":"That was the time, when you gave him the scepter. There is the hand and the faith","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l597.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"decuit","lemma":"decet","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was fitting"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"sceptra","lemma":"sceptrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"scepters"},{"surface":"dabas","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"fidesque","lemma":"fides","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"faith","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""}]},{"number":598,"label":"598","id":"b4-l598","source":"quem secum patrios aiunt portare Penates,","translation":"of the man they say carries his fathers' household gods with him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l598.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"the man"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"patrios","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"his fathers'"},{"surface":"aiunt","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"portare","lemma":"porto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"Penates","lemma":"penates","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"household gods"}]},{"number":599,"label":"599","id":"b4-l599","source":"quem subiisse umeris confectum aetate parentem!","translation":"who took a father worn out with age onto his shoulders!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l599.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"subiisse","lemma":"subeo","morphology":"verb, perfect infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"umeris","lemma":"umerus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"confectum","lemma":"conficio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"worn out"},{"surface":"aetate","lemma":"aetas","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with age"},{"surface":"parentem","lemma":"parens","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":600,"label":"600","id":"b4-l600","source":"Non potui abreptum divellere corpus, et undis","translation":"Could I not have seized his body and torn it apart and scattered it","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l600.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"potui","lemma":"possum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"could I"},{"surface":"abreptum","lemma":"abripio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"divellere","lemma":"diuello","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to tear apart"},{"surface":"corpus","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"undis","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on the waves"}]},{"number":601,"label":"601","id":"b4-l601","source":"spargere? Non socios, non ipsum absumere ferro","translation":"on the waves? Not have finished his crews with iron, and Ascanius","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l601.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"spargere","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to scatter"},{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"socios","lemma":"socius","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"crews"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ipsum","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"absumere","lemma":"absumo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to finish"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":602,"label":"602","id":"b4-l602","source":"Ascanium, patriisque epulandum ponere mensis?—","translation":"himself, and set him on his father's table to be eaten?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l602.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ascanium","lemma":"ascanius","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"Ascanius"},{"surface":"patriisque","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"adjective, dative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"and father's","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"epulandum","lemma":"epulor","morphology":"gerundive, accusative singular masculine","role":"obligation","gloss":"to be eaten"},{"surface":"ponere","lemma":"pono","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to set"},{"surface":"mensis","lemma":"mensa","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on the table"}]},{"number":603,"label":"603","id":"b4-l603","source":"Verum anceps pugnae fuerat fortuna:—fuisset.","translation":"But the luck of that fight would have been doubtful. Let it have been.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l603.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fuisset","title":"One verb withdraws an argument","body":"fuisset, a pluperfect subjunctive, answers Dido's own objection that a fight might have gone badly: 'let it have been so'. The whole rebuttal to herself is this single verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Verum","lemma":"uerum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"anceps","lemma":"anceps","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"doubtful"},{"surface":"pugnae","lemma":"pugna","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of that fight"},{"surface":"fuerat","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have been"},{"surface":"fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"luck"},{"surface":"fuisset","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let it have been"}]},{"number":604,"label":"604","id":"b4-l604","source":"Quem metui moritura? Faces in castra tulissem,","translation":"Whom was I to fear, being about to die? I should have carried torches into the camp,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l604.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"metui","lemma":"metuo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"feared"},{"surface":"moritura","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, future active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"about to die"},{"surface":"Faces","lemma":"fax","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"torches"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"castra","lemma":"castra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the camp"},{"surface":"tulissem","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"}]},{"number":605,"label":"605","id":"b4-l605","source":"implessemque foros flammis, natumque patremque","translation":"filled the gangways with flame, put out the son and the father","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l605.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"implessemque","lemma":"impleo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled up"},{"surface":"foros","lemma":"forus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gangways"},{"surface":"flammis","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with flame"},{"surface":"natumque","lemma":"natus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"patremque","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":606,"label":"606","id":"b4-l606","source":"cum genere extinxem, memet super ipsa dedissem.","translation":"and the whole line together, and thrown myself down on top of them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l606.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"extinxem","title":"A cut-down pluperfect subjunctive","body":"extinxem is shortened from extinxissem, a syncopated pluperfect subjunctive. This stretch of Dido's speech, around lines 600 to 606, uses several such shortened verb forms in a row: implessem, extinxem, dedissem."}],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"genere","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"extinxem","lemma":"exstinguo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"put out"},{"surface":"memet","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"on top"},{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"I myself"},{"surface":"dedissem","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 1st singular pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I should have thrown"}]},{"number":607,"label":"607","id":"b4-l607","source":"Sol, qui terrarum flammis opera omnia lustras,","translation":"Sun, who go over all the works of earth with your flames,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l607.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, vocative singular masculine","role":"address","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"terrarum","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of earth"},{"surface":"flammis","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"flames"},{"surface":"opera","lemma":"opus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"omnia","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"lustras","lemma":"lustro","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"go over"}]},{"number":608,"label":"608","id":"b4-l608","source":"tuque harum interpres curarum et conscia Iuno,","translation":"and you, Juno, go-between of these cares of mine and knowing them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l608.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tuque","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, vocative singular","role":"address","gloss":"and you"},{"surface":"harum","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, genitive plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"interpres","lemma":"interpres","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"go-between"},{"surface":"curarum","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, genitive plural feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"cares"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"conscia","lemma":"conscius","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Juno"}]},{"number":609,"label":"609","id":"b4-l609","source":"nocturnisque Hecate triviis ululata per urbes,","translation":"and Hecate, howled for at night at the crossroads through the cities,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l609.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nocturnisque","lemma":"nocturnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"and nocturnal"},{"surface":"Hecate","lemma":"hecate","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Hecate"},{"surface":"triviis","lemma":"triuium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"place","gloss":"crossroads"},{"surface":"ululata","lemma":"ululo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"howled for"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"urbes","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"cities"}]},{"number":610,"label":"610","id":"b4-l610","source":"et Dirae ultrices, et di morientis Elissae,","translation":"and you avenging Dirae, and gods of Elissa in her dying:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l610.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Dirae","lemma":"dirae","morphology":"noun, vocative plural feminine","role":"address","gloss":"Dirae"},{"surface":"ultrices","lemma":"ultrix","morphology":"adjective, vocative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"avenging"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"morientis","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, present active genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"Elissae","lemma":"elissa","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Elissa"}]},{"number":611,"label":"611","id":"b4-l611","source":"accipite haec, meritumque malis advertite numen,","translation":"take this in, turn a power on these wrongs as they deserve,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l611.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"accipite","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"take in"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"meritumque","lemma":"meritus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"deserved"},{"surface":"malis","lemma":"malum","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"wrongs"},{"surface":"advertite","lemma":"aduerto","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"turn toward"},{"surface":"numen","lemma":"numen","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"power"}]},{"number":612,"label":"612","id":"b4-l612","source":"et nostras audite preces. Si tangere portus","translation":"and hear my prayers. If it is necessary that that unspeakable","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l612.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nostras","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"audite","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"preces","lemma":"prex","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"prayers"},{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"tangere","lemma":"tango","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to reach"},{"surface":"portus","lemma":"portus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"harbor"}]},{"number":613,"label":"613","id":"b4-l613","source":"infandum caput ac terris adnare necesse est,","translation":"head reach harbor and swim in to land,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l613.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"infandum","lemma":"infandus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"unspeakable"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"terris","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to land"},{"surface":"adnare","lemma":"anno","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to swim to"},{"surface":"necesse","lemma":"necesse","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":614,"label":"614","id":"b4-l614","source":"et sic fata Iovis poscunt, hic terminus haeret:","translation":"and Jove's fates demand it so, and this boundary stands fast:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l614.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fata Iovis","title":"Iovis is Jupiter, not love","body":"Iovis is the genitive of Iuppiter, 'Jupiter'. fata Iovis, 'the fates of Jove', names the god's decree, not any feeling; Latin Iovis and English 'love' are unrelated words that only look alike."}],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"Iovis","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Jove's"},{"surface":"poscunt","lemma":"posco","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"demand"},{"surface":"hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"terminus","lemma":"terminus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"boundary"},{"surface":"haeret","lemma":"haereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands fast"}]},{"number":615,"label":"615","id":"b4-l615","source":"at bello audacis populi vexatus et armis,","translation":"then let him be harried by the war and the arms of a bold people,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l615.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"at","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bellum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"audacis","lemma":"audax","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"populi","lemma":"populus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"vexatus","lemma":"uexo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"harried"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by arms"}]},{"number":616,"label":"616","id":"b4-l616","source":"finibus extorris, complexu avulsus Iuli,","translation":"driven out of his own borders, torn from Iulus' arms,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l616.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"finibus","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"place","gloss":"from his borders"},{"surface":"extorris","lemma":"extorris","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"driven out"},{"surface":"complexu","lemma":"complexus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"embrace"},{"surface":"avulsus","lemma":"auello","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"torn"},{"surface":"Iuli","lemma":"iulus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Iulus'"}]},{"number":617,"label":"617","id":"b4-l617","source":"auxilium imploret, videatque indigna suorum","translation":"let him beg for help and see the undeserved deaths","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l617.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"auxilium","lemma":"auxilium","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"imploret","lemma":"imploro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let him beg"},{"surface":"videatque","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let him see"},{"surface":"indigna","lemma":"indignus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"undeserved deaths"},{"surface":"suorum","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of his own people"}]},{"number":618,"label":"618","id":"b4-l618","source":"funera; nec, cum se sub leges pacis iniquae","translation":"of his own people; and when he has handed himself over","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l618.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"funera","lemma":"funus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"deaths"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"leges","lemma":"lex","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"terms"},{"surface":"pacis","lemma":"pax","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"iniquae","lemma":"iniquus","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unjust"}]},{"number":619,"label":"619","id":"b4-l619","source":"tradiderit, regno aut optata luce fruatur,","translation":"to the terms of an unjust peace, let him not enjoy his kingdom or the light he wanted,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l619.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tradiderit","lemma":"trado","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"handed over"},{"surface":"regno","lemma":"regnum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"kingdom"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"optata","lemma":"opto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"luce","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"fruatur","lemma":"fruor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive deponent","role":"command","gloss":"let him enjoy"}]},{"number":620,"label":"620","id":"b4-l620","source":"sed cadat ante diem, mediaque inhumatus harena.","translation":"but let him fall before his day, and lie unburied in the middle of the sand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l620.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"cadat","lemma":"cado","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let him fall"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"diem","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"his day"},{"surface":"mediaque","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"inhumatus","lemma":"inhumatus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"unburied"},{"surface":"harena","lemma":"harena","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"in the sand"}]},{"number":621,"label":"621","id":"b4-l621","source":"Haec precor, hanc vocem extremam cum sanguine fundo.","translation":"This I pray; this last word I pour out with my blood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l621.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"precor","lemma":"precor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"pray"},{"surface":"hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"vocem","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"extremam","lemma":"extremus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sanguine","lemma":"sanguis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"fundo","lemma":"fundo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"pour"}]},{"number":622,"label":"622","id":"b4-l622","source":"Tum vos, o Tyrii, stirpem et genus omne futurum","translation":"Then you, Tyrians, hound his stock and all the race to come","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l622.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"Tyrii","lemma":"tyrius","morphology":"noun, vocative plural masculine","role":"address","gloss":"Tyrians"},{"surface":"stirpem","lemma":"stirps","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"stock"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"genus","lemma":"genus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"omne","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"futurum","lemma":"sum","morphology":"participle, future active accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"to come"}]},{"number":623,"label":"623","id":"b4-l623","source":"exercete odiis, cinerique haec mittite nostro","translation":"with your hatred, and send these gifts down to my ash:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l623.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"exercete","lemma":"exerceo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"hound"},{"surface":"odiis","lemma":"odium","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with hatred"},{"surface":"cinerique","lemma":"cinis","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"mittite","lemma":"mitto","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"nostro","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":624,"label":"624","id":"b4-l624","source":"munera. Nullus amor populis, nec foedera sunto.","translation":"let there be no love between the peoples, and no treaties.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l624.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"munera","lemma":"munus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"Nullus","lemma":"nullus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"populis","lemma":"populus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"between the peoples"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and no"},{"surface":"foedera","lemma":"foedus","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"treaties"},{"surface":"sunto","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"let there be"}]},{"number":625,"label":"625","id":"b4-l625","source":"Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor,","translation":"Rise up out of my bones, some avenger,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l625.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Exoriare aliquis","title":"A command aimed at no one","body":"Exoriare is a second-person imperative, aimed at the indefinite pronoun aliquis, 'someone': 'arise, some avenger'. Roman readers would have supplied the name Hannibal without being told."}],"words":[{"surface":"Exoriare","lemma":"exorior","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative deponent","role":"command","gloss":"rise up"},{"surface":"aliquis","lemma":"aliquis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"nostris","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ossibus","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"ultor","lemma":"ultor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"avenger"}]},{"number":626,"label":"626","id":"b4-l626","source":"qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,","translation":"to hunt the Dardanian settlers with fire and with iron,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l626.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"face","lemma":"fax","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"Dardanios","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardanian"},{"surface":"ferroque","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"sequare","lemma":"sequor","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present subjunctive deponent","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"may hunt"},{"surface":"colonos","lemma":"colonus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"settlers"}]},{"number":627,"label":"627","id":"b4-l627","source":"nunc, olim, quocumque dabunt se tempore vires.","translation":"now, hereafter, at whatever time the strength offers itself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l627.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"olim","lemma":"olim","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"hereafter"},{"surface":"quocumque","lemma":"quicumque","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"dabunt","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural future indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"will offer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"tempore","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"vires","lemma":"uis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":628,"label":"628","id":"b4-l628","source":"Litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas","translation":"Shore against shore, I call it down, wave against water,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l628.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"litoribus","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to shores"},{"surface":"contraria","lemma":"contrarius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"opposed"},{"surface":"fluctibus","lemma":"fluctus","morphology":"noun, dative plural masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"undas","lemma":"unda","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"waves"}]},{"number":629,"label":"629","id":"b4-l629","source":"imprecor, arma armis; pugnent ipsique nepotesque.”","translation":"arms against arms: let them fight, and their children's children.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l629.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"imprecor","lemma":"imprecor","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"call down"},{"surface":"arma","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"armis","lemma":"arma","morphology":"noun, dative plural neuter","role":"indirect object","gloss":"against arms"},{"surface":"pugnent","lemma":"pugno","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let them fight"},{"surface":"ipsique","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"nepotesque","lemma":"nepos","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"and grandchildren"}]},{"number":630,"label":"630","id":"b4-l630","source":"Haec ait, et partis animum versabat in omnis,","translation":"She said this, and kept turning her mind every way,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l630.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haec","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"partis","lemma":"pars","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"every way"},{"surface":"animum","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"versabat","lemma":"uerso","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept turning"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":631,"label":"631","id":"b4-l631","source":"invisam quaerens quam primum abrumpere lucem.","translation":"looking to break off the hated light as soon as she could.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l631.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"invisam","lemma":"inuisus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hated"},{"surface":"quaerens","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"quam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"soon as possible"},{"surface":"abrumpere","lemma":"abrumpo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to break"},{"surface":"lucem","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"light"}]},{"number":632,"label":"632","id":"b4-l632","source":"Tum breviter Barcen nutricem adfata Sychaei;","translation":"Then she spoke briefly to Barce, the nurse of Sychaeus;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l632.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"breviter","lemma":"breuiter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"briefly"},{"surface":"Barcen","lemma":"barce","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Barce"},{"surface":"nutricem","lemma":"nutrix","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"nurse"},{"surface":"adfata","lemma":"affor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Sychaei","lemma":"sychaeus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"Sychaeus"}]},{"number":633,"label":"633","id":"b4-l633","source":"namque suam patria antiqua cinis ater habebat:","translation":"for the black ash of her old country held her own:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l633.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"namque","lemma":"namque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for indeed"},{"surface":"suam","lemma":"suus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"patria","lemma":"patria","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"place","gloss":"in her country"},{"surface":"antiqua","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"cinis","lemma":"cinis","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"ater","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"habebat","lemma":"habeo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"}]},{"number":634,"label":"634","id":"b4-l634","source":"“Annam cara mihi nutrix huc siste sororem;","translation":"“Dear nurse, bring my sister Anna to me here;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l634.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Annam","lemma":"anna","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Anna"},{"surface":"cara","lemma":"carus","morphology":"adjective, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"nutrix","lemma":"nutrix","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"nurse"},{"surface":"huc","lemma":"huc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"to here"},{"surface":"siste","lemma":"sisto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"sororem","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"apposition","gloss":"sister"}]},{"number":635,"label":"635","id":"b4-l635","source":"dic corpus properet fluviali spargere lympha,","translation":"tell her to hurry and sprinkle her body with river water,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l635.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dic","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"corpus","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"properet","lemma":"propero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"let her hurry"},{"surface":"fluviali","lemma":"fluuialis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"spargere","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to sprinkle"},{"surface":"lympha","lemma":"lympha","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":636,"label":"636","id":"b4-l636","source":"et pecudes secum et monstrata piacula ducat:","translation":"and bring the beasts with her, and the offerings I was shown:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l636.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pecudes","lemma":"pecus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"beasts"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with her"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"monstrata","lemma":"monstro","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"shown"},{"surface":"piacula","lemma":"piaculum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"offerings"},{"surface":"ducat","lemma":"duco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"let her bring"}]},{"number":637,"label":"637","id":"b4-l637","source":"sic veniat; tuque ipsa pia tege tempora vitta.","translation":"let her come so; and cover your own brow with the holy band.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l637.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"veniat","lemma":"uenio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let her come"},{"surface":"tuque","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"and you"},{"surface":"ipsa","lemma":"ipse","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"pia","lemma":"pius","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"devoted"},{"surface":"tege","lemma":"tego","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"cover"},{"surface":"tempora","lemma":"tempus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"brow"},{"surface":"vitta","lemma":"uitta","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the band"}]},{"number":638,"label":"638","id":"b4-l638","source":"Sacra Iovi Stygio, quae rite incepta paravi,","translation":"The rites to Stygian Jove, which I began and made ready in order,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l638.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sacra","lemma":"sacrum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"rites"},{"surface":"Iovi","lemma":"iuppiter","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Jove"},{"surface":"Stygio","lemma":"stygius","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Stygian"},{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"rite","lemma":"rite","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"duly"},{"surface":"incepta","lemma":"incipio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"begun"},{"surface":"paravi","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"made ready"}]},{"number":639,"label":"639","id":"b4-l639","source":"perficere est animus, finemque imponere curis,","translation":"I mean to finish, and to put an end to my cares,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l639.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"perficere","lemma":"perficio","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to finish"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"animus","lemma":"animus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"finemque","lemma":"finis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"an end"},{"surface":"imponere","lemma":"impono","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to put"},{"surface":"curis","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, dative plural feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on my cares"}]},{"number":640,"label":"640","id":"b4-l640","source":"Dardaniique rogum capitis permittere flammae.”","translation":"and let the flame take the pyre of that Dardanian head.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l640.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardaniique","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardanian","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"rogum","lemma":"rogus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"funeral pyre"},{"surface":"capitis","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, genitive singular neuter","role":"possessive","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"permittere","lemma":"permitto","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to let take"},{"surface":"flammae","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"flame"}]},{"number":641,"label":"641","id":"b4-l641","source":"Sic ait: illa gradum studio celerabat anili.","translation":"So she says: the old woman hurried her step with an old woman's eagerness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l641.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"gradum","lemma":"gradus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"studio","lemma":"studium","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with eagerness"},{"surface":"celerabat","lemma":"celero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"anili","lemma":"anilis","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"old-womanish"}]},{"number":642,"label":"642","id":"b4-l642","source":"At trepida, et coeptis immanibus effera Dido,","translation":"But Dido, shaking, savage with the monstrous thing she had begun,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l642.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"At","lemma":"at","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"trepida","lemma":"trepidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaking"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"coeptis","lemma":"coeptum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the thing begun"},{"surface":"immanibus","lemma":"immanis","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"effera","lemma":"efferus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"Dido","lemma":"dido","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dido"}]},{"number":643,"label":"643","id":"b4-l643","source":"sanguineam volvens aciem, maculisque trementis","translation":"rolling a bloodshot glance, her trembling cheeks","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l643.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sanguineam","lemma":"sanguineus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"bloodshot"},{"surface":"volvens","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"aciem","lemma":"acies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"glance"},{"surface":"maculisque","lemma":"macula","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blotches"},{"surface":"trementis","lemma":"tremo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"trembling"}]},{"number":644,"label":"644","id":"b4-l644","source":"interfusa genas, et pallida morte futura,","translation":"stained with blotches, and pale with the death to come,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l644.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"interfusa","lemma":"interfundo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"stained"},{"surface":"genas","lemma":"gena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pallida","lemma":"pallidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"futura","lemma":"futurus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"about to be"}]},{"number":645,"label":"645","id":"b4-l645","source":"interiora domus inrumpit limina, et altos","translation":"bursts through the inner doorways of the house, and climbs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l645.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"interiora","lemma":"interior","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"inner"},{"surface":"domus","lemma":"domus","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"of the house"},{"surface":"inrumpit","lemma":"irrumpo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"bursts through"},{"surface":"limina","lemma":"limen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"doorways"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"altos","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":646,"label":"646","id":"b4-l646","source":"conscendit furibunda rogos, ensemque recludit","translation":"the high pyre in her fury, and unsheathes the Dardanian","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l646.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conscendit","lemma":"conscendo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"climbs up"},{"surface":"furibunda","lemma":"furibundus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"in fury"},{"surface":"rogos","lemma":"rogus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"funeral pyre"},{"surface":"ensemque","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"recludit","lemma":"recludo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"unsheathes"}]},{"number":647,"label":"647","id":"b4-l647","source":"Dardanium, non hos quaesitum munus in usus.","translation":"sword, a gift not sought out for uses of this kind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l647.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"non hos quaesitum munus in usus","title":"A relative clause stated plainly","body":"quaesitum, a past participle, describes munus, 'the gift', as sought for other purposes, non hos usus, 'not these uses'. The sword was a guest-gift, and the clause states the fact without further comment."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dardanium","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardanian"},{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hos","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"quaesitum","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having been sought"},{"surface":"munus","lemma":"munus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"apposition","gloss":"gift"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"usus","lemma":"usus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"uses"}]},{"number":648,"label":"648","id":"b4-l648","source":"Hic, postquam Iliacas vestes notumque cubile","translation":"Here, after she had looked on the Ilian clothes and the bed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l648.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hic","lemma":"hic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"postquam","lemma":"postquam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Iliacas","lemma":"iliacus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Ilian"},{"surface":"vestes","lemma":"uestis","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"notumque","lemma":"notus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"familiar","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"cubile","lemma":"cubile","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"bed"}]},{"number":649,"label":"649","id":"b4-l649","source":"conspexit, paulum lacrimis et mente morata,","translation":"she knew, and had waited a little for tears and for thought,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l649.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conspexit","lemma":"conspicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had looked on"},{"surface":"paulum","lemma":"paulum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"lacrimis","lemma":"lacrima","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mens","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with thought"},{"surface":"morata","lemma":"moror","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having lingered"}]},{"number":650,"label":"650","id":"b4-l650","source":"incubuitque toro, dixitque novissima verba:","translation":"she lay down on the couch and spoke her last words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l650.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"incubuitque","lemma":"incumbo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay down"},{"surface":"toro","lemma":"torus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"on the couch"},{"surface":"dixitque","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"novissima","lemma":"nouissimus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"verba","lemma":"uerbum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":651,"label":"651","id":"b4-l651","source":"“Dulces exuviae, dum fata deusque sinebant,","translation":"“Sweet relics, while the fates and a god allowed it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l651.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Dulces exuviae","title":"She addresses his belongings, not him","body":"exuviae, 'things stripped off', names Aeneas's clothes and sword, which Dido calls dulces, 'sweet'. She speaks to these objects at the start of her death speech; Aeneas himself is not addressed anywhere in it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dulces","lemma":"dulcis","morphology":"adjective, vocative plural feminine","role":"address","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"exuviae","lemma":"exuuiae","morphology":"noun, vocative plural feminine","role":"address","gloss":"relics"},{"surface":"dum","lemma":"dum","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"deusque","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"sinebant","lemma":"sino","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"allowed"}]},{"number":652,"label":"652","id":"b4-l652","source":"accipite hanc animam, meque his exsolvite curis.","translation":"take this breath, and free me from these cares.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l652.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"accipite","lemma":"accipio","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"hanc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"animam","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"meque","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"his","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"exsolvite","lemma":"exsoluo","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"curis","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cares"}]},{"number":653,"label":"653","id":"b4-l653","source":"Vixi, et, quem dederat cursum fortuna, peregi,","translation":"I have lived, and I have finished the course fortune gave me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l653.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Vixi, et ... peregi","title":"Two perfect verbs sum a life","body":"Vixi, 'I have lived', and peregi, 'I have completed', are both perfect tense verbs, each stating a finished action. The clauses that follow list what cursum, 'course', fortune gave her, and what she made of it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vixi","lemma":"uiuo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quem","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"dederat","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"cursum","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"peregi","lemma":"perago","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"finished"}]},{"number":654,"label":"654","id":"b4-l654","source":"et nunc magna mei sub terras ibit imago.","translation":"and now a great likeness of me will go under the earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l654.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nunc","lemma":"nunc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"magna","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"mei","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, genitive singular","role":"possessive","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"terras","lemma":"terra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"ibit","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular future indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"imago","lemma":"imago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"likeness"}]},{"number":655,"label":"655","id":"b4-l655","source":"Urbem praeclaram statui; mea moenia vidi;","translation":"I founded a famous city; I saw my own walls;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l655.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"praeclaram","lemma":"praeclarus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"statui","lemma":"statuo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"founded"},{"surface":"mea","lemma":"meus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"moenia","lemma":"moenia","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"vidi","lemma":"uideo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":656,"label":"656","id":"b4-l656","source":"ulta virum, poenas inimico a fratre recepi;","translation":"I avenged my husband and took the price from a hostile brother;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l656.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ulta","lemma":"ulciscor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"I avenged"},{"surface":"virum","lemma":"uir","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"poenas","lemma":"poena","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"price"},{"surface":"inimico","lemma":"inimicus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"fratre","lemma":"frater","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"recepi","lemma":"recipio","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"took back"}]},{"number":657,"label":"657","id":"b4-l657","source":"felix, heu nimium felix, si litora tantum","translation":"happy, ah, too happy, if only the Dardanian keels","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l657.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"felix","lemma":"felix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"happy"},{"surface":"heu","lemma":"heu","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"nimium","lemma":"nimium","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"felix","lemma":"felix","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"happy"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"litora","lemma":"litus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"shores"},{"surface":"tantum","lemma":"tantum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"only"}]},{"number":658,"label":"658","id":"b4-l658","source":"numquam Dardaniae tetigissent nostra carinae!”","translation":"had never touched my shores!”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l658.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"numquam","lemma":"numquam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"Dardaniae","lemma":"dardanius","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Dardanian"},{"surface":"tetigissent","lemma":"tango","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"nostra","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"carinae","lemma":"carina","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"keels"}]},{"number":659,"label":"659","id":"b4-l659","source":"Dixit, et, os impressa toro, “Moriemur inultae,”","translation":"She spoke, and pressing her face into the couch, “We shall die unavenged,”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l659.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Moriemur inultae, sed moriamur","title":"A future verb, then a subjunctive","body":"Moriemur, 'we shall die', is a plain future stating the fact; moriamur, 'let us die', is a subjunctive giving consent to it. The first verb reports what will happen, and the second agrees to it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dixit","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"os","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"impressa","lemma":"imprimo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pressing"},{"surface":"toro","lemma":"torus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"into the couch"},{"surface":"Moriemur","lemma":"morior","morphology":"verb, 1st plural future indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"will die"},{"surface":"inultae","lemma":"inultus","morphology":"adjective, nominative plural feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"unavenged"}]},{"number":660,"label":"660","id":"b4-l660","source":"“sed moriamur” ait. “Sic, sic iuvat ire sub umbras:","translation":"she says, “but let us die. So, so it pleases me to go under the shades.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l660.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"moriamur","lemma":"morior","morphology":"verb, 1st plural present subjunctive deponent","role":"command","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"iuvat","lemma":"iuuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"it pleases"},{"surface":"ire","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"umbras","lemma":"umbra","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the shades"}]},{"number":661,"label":"661","id":"b4-l661","source":"Hauriat hunc oculis ignem crudelis ab alto","translation":"Let the cruel Dardanian drink this fire with his eyes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l661.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hauriat","lemma":"haurio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let him drink"},{"surface":"hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"oculis","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ignem","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"crudelis","lemma":"crudelis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the deep"}]},{"number":662,"label":"662","id":"b4-l662","source":"Dardanus, et nostrae secum ferat omina mortis.”","translation":"from the deep, and carry the omens of my death away with him.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l662.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dardanus","lemma":"dardanus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"Dardanian"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nostrae","lemma":"noster","morphology":"adjective, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"secum","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with him"},{"surface":"ferat","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"command","gloss":"let him carry"},{"surface":"omina","lemma":"omen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"omens"},{"surface":"mortis","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, genitive singular feminine","role":"possessive","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":663,"label":"663","id":"b4-l663","source":"Dixerat; atque illam media inter talia ferro","translation":"She had spoken; and in the middle of such words her women","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l663.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dixerat","lemma":"dico","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had spoken"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"illam","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"inter","lemma":"inter","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in the middle of"},{"surface":"talia","lemma":"talis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":664,"label":"664","id":"b4-l664","source":"conlapsam aspiciunt comites, ensemque cruore","translation":"see her fallen on the iron, and the sword foaming","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l664.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"conlapsam","lemma":"collabor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"aspiciunt","lemma":"aspicio","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"comites","lemma":"comes","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ensemque","lemma":"ensis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"cruore","lemma":"cruor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":665,"label":"665","id":"b4-l665","source":"spumantem, sparsasque manus. It clamor ad alta","translation":"with blood, and her hands spattered. A cry goes up to the high","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l665.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"spumantem","lemma":"spumo","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"foaming"},{"surface":"sparsasque","lemma":"spargo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"spattered"},{"surface":"manus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"It","lemma":"eo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"clamor","lemma":"clamor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"alta","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":666,"label":"666","id":"b4-l666","source":"atria; concussam bacchatur Fama per urbem.","translation":"halls; Rumor runs raving through the shaken city.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l666.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"atria","lemma":"atrium","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"concussam","lemma":"concutio","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaken"},{"surface":"bacchatur","lemma":"bacchor","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs raving"},{"surface":"Fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Rumor"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"urbem","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":667,"label":"667","id":"b4-l667","source":"Lamentis gemituque et femineo ululatu","translation":"The houses roar with mourning and groaning and the wailing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l667.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lamentis","lemma":"lamentum","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with mourning"},{"surface":"gemituque","lemma":"gemitus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"femineo","lemma":"femineus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"of women"},{"surface":"ululatu","lemma":"ululatus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with wailing"}]},{"number":668,"label":"668","id":"b4-l668","source":"tecta fremunt; resonat magnis plangoribus aether,","translation":"of women; the upper air rings with great beatings of breasts,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l668.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"tecta","lemma":"tectum","morphology":"noun, nominative plural neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"fremunt","lemma":"fremo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"roar"},{"surface":"resonat","lemma":"resono","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rings"},{"surface":"magnis","lemma":"magnus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"plangoribus","lemma":"plangor","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with beatings"},{"surface":"aether","lemma":"aether","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"upper air"}]},{"number":669,"label":"669","id":"b4-l669","source":"non aliter, quam si immissis ruat hostibus omnis","translation":"no otherwise than if all Carthage or ancient Tyre","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l669.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aliter","lemma":"aliter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"quam","lemma":"quam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"immissis","lemma":"immitto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"let in"},{"surface":"ruat","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"were falling"},{"surface":"hostibus","lemma":"hostis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with the enemy"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":670,"label":"670","id":"b4-l670","source":"Karthago aut antiqua Tyros, flammaeque furentes","translation":"were falling with the enemy let in, and raging flames","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l670.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Karthago","lemma":"carthago","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Carthago"},{"surface":"aut","lemma":"aut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"antiqua","lemma":"antiquus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"Tyros","lemma":"tyrus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Tyrus"},{"surface":"flammaeque","lemma":"flamma","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"flames"},{"surface":"furentes","lemma":"furo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":671,"label":"671","id":"b4-l671","source":"culmina perque hominum volvantur perque deorum.","translation":"were rolling over the roofs of men and of gods.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l671.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"culmina","lemma":"culmen","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"roofs"},{"surface":"perque","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"hominum","lemma":"homo","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"volvantur","lemma":"uoluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural present subjunctive passive","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"are rolled"},{"surface":"perque","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"and over"},{"surface":"deorum","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, genitive plural masculine","role":"possessive","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":672,"label":"672","id":"b4-l672","source":"Audiit exanimis, trepidoque exterrita cursu","translation":"Her sister heard it, half dead, and terrified, at a shaking run,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l672.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Audiit","lemma":"audio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"exanimis","lemma":"exanimis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"trepidoque","lemma":"trepidus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shaking"},{"surface":"exterrita","lemma":"exterreo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"terrified"},{"surface":"cursu","lemma":"cursus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at a run"}]},{"number":673,"label":"673","id":"b4-l673","source":"unguibus ora soror foedans et pectora pugnis","translation":"the sister, fouling her face with her nails and her breast with her fists,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l673.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"unguibus","lemma":"unguis","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with her nails"},{"surface":"ora","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"foedans","lemma":"foedo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fouling"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pectora","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"pugnis","lemma":"pugnus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with her fists"}]},{"number":674,"label":"674","id":"b4-l674","source":"per medios ruit, ac morientem nomine clamat:","translation":"rushes through the middle of them and calls the dying woman by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l674.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"medios","lemma":"medius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"the middle of them"},{"surface":"ruit","lemma":"ruo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushes"},{"surface":"ac","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"morientem","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"nomine","lemma":"nomen","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"clamat","lemma":"clamo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"calls"}]},{"number":675,"label":"675","id":"b4-l675","source":"“Hoc illud, germana, fuit? Me fraude petebas?","translation":"“Was this it, sister? Were you working on me by a trick?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l675.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"illud","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"germana","lemma":"germanus","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"fuit","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"fraude","lemma":"fraus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by a trick"},{"surface":"petebas","lemma":"peto","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"were you working on"}]},{"number":676,"label":"676","id":"b4-l676","source":"Hoc rogus iste mihi, hoc ignes araeque parabant?","translation":"Was this what that pyre was preparing for me, this the fires and the altars?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l676.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"rogus","lemma":"rogus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"funeral pyre"},{"surface":"iste","lemma":"iste","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mihi","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"hoc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ignes","lemma":"ignis","morphology":"noun, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"fires"},{"surface":"araeque","lemma":"ara","morphology":"noun, nominative plural feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"altars"},{"surface":"parabant","lemma":"paro","morphology":"verb, 3rd plural imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"prepared"}]},{"number":677,"label":"677","id":"b4-l677","source":"Quid primum deserta querar? Comitemne sororem","translation":"What shall I mourn first, left alone? Did you scorn your sister","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l677.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quid","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"primum","lemma":"primum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"deserta","lemma":"desero","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"left alone"},{"surface":"querar","lemma":"queror","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive deponent","role":"main verb","gloss":"am I to mourn"},{"surface":"Comitemne","lemma":"comes","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"as a companion","note":"-ne attached: marks a question."},{"surface":"sororem","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sister"}]},{"number":678,"label":"678","id":"b4-l678","source":"sprevisti moriens? Eadem me ad fata vocasses:","translation":"as a companion in death? You should have called me to the same fate:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l678.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sprevisti","lemma":"sperno","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"scorned"},{"surface":"moriens","lemma":"morior","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"Eadem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ad","lemma":"ad","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"vocasses","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"}]},{"number":679,"label":"679","id":"b4-l679","source":"idem ambas ferro dolor, atque eadem hora tulisset.","translation":"one pain of the iron, one hour, would have carried us both.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l679.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"idem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ambas","lemma":"ambo","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural feminine","role":"object","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ferro","lemma":"ferrum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"dolor","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"pain"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"eadem","lemma":"idem","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"hora","lemma":"hora","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"tulisset","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"}]},{"number":680,"label":"680","id":"b4-l680","source":"His etiam struxi manibus, patriosque vocavi","translation":"Did I build this with my own hands and call on our fathers'","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l680.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"His","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"etiam","lemma":"etiam","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"struxi","lemma":"struo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"did I build"},{"surface":"manibus","lemma":"manus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"patriosque","lemma":"patrius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"and our fathers'","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"vocavi","lemma":"uoco","morphology":"verb, 1st singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"called"}]},{"number":681,"label":"681","id":"b4-l681","source":"voce deos, sic te ut posita crudelis abessem?","translation":"gods aloud, to be away, cruel, with you laid out so?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l681.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"voce","lemma":"uox","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"aloud"},{"surface":"deos","lemma":"deus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with you"},{"surface":"ut","lemma":"ut","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"so as"},{"surface":"posita","lemma":"pono","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"laid out"},{"surface":"crudelis","lemma":"crudelis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"predicate","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"abessem","lemma":"absum","morphology":"verb, 1st singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would be away"}]},{"number":682,"label":"682","id":"b4-l682","source":"Exstinxti te meque, soror, populumque patresque","translation":"You have put out yourself and me, sister, and your people and the Sidonian","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l682.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Exstinxti","title":"A perfect tense cut in half","body":"Exstinxti is a syncopated perfect, shortened from exstinxisti, 'you have destroyed', cutting four syllables to two. Anna's speech compresses several verbs this way in the lines that surround this one."}],"words":[{"surface":"Exstinxti","lemma":"exstinguo","morphology":"verb, 2nd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"put out"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"meque","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"soror","lemma":"soror","morphology":"noun, vocative singular feminine","role":"address","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"populumque","lemma":"populus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"patresque","lemma":"pater","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"fathers"}]},{"number":683,"label":"683","id":"b4-l683","source":"Sidonios urbemque tuam. Date volnera lymphis","translation":"fathers and your own city. Give me water: let me wash","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l683.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sidonios","lemma":"sidonius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"Sidonian"},{"surface":"urbemque","lemma":"urbs","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"tuam","lemma":"tuus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Date","lemma":"do","morphology":"verb, 2nd plural present imperative active","role":"command","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"volnera","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural neuter","role":"object","gloss":"wounds"},{"surface":"lymphis","lemma":"lympha","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"waters"}]},{"number":684,"label":"684","id":"b4-l684","source":"abluam, et, extremus si quis super halitus errat,","translation":"the wound, and if any last breath is still wandering above it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l684.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"abluam","lemma":"abluo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"wash away"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"extremus","lemma":"extremus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"quis","lemma":"quis","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"super","lemma":"super","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"halitus","lemma":"halitus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"errat","lemma":"erro","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"wanders"}]},{"number":685,"label":"685","id":"b4-l685","source":"ore legam.” Sic fata, gradus evaserat altos,","translation":"let me gather it with my mouth.” So she spoke, and had climbed the high steps,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l685.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ore","lemma":"os","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"legam","lemma":"lego","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present subjunctive active","role":"main verb","gloss":"gather"},{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fata","lemma":"for","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"gradus","lemma":"gradus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"evaserat","lemma":"euado","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had climbed"},{"surface":"altos","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":686,"label":"686","id":"b4-l686","source":"semianimemque sinu germanam amplexa fovebat","translation":"and took her half-living sister in her arms and warmed her","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l686.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"semianimemque","lemma":"semianimis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"half-living","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"sinu","lemma":"sinus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in her arms"},{"surface":"germanam","lemma":"germanus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"amplexa","lemma":"amplector","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having embraced"},{"surface":"fovebat","lemma":"foueo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept warm"}]},{"number":687,"label":"687","id":"b4-l687","source":"cum gemitu, atque atros siccabat veste cruores.","translation":"against her breast, groaning, and dried the black blood with her dress.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l687.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"cum","lemma":"cum","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gemitu","lemma":"gemitus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"atros","lemma":"ater","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"siccabat","lemma":"sicco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was drying"},{"surface":"veste","lemma":"uestis","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with her dress"},{"surface":"cruores","lemma":"cruor","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":688,"label":"688","id":"b4-l688","source":"Illa, graves oculos conata attollere, rursus","translation":"Dido tried to lift her heavy eyes, and failed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l688.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Illa","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"graves","lemma":"grauis","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"oculos","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"conata","lemma":"conor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"having tried"},{"surface":"attollere","lemma":"attollo","morphology":"verb, present infinitive active","role":"infinitive","gloss":"to lift up"},{"surface":"rursus","lemma":"rursus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":689,"label":"689","id":"b4-l689","source":"deficit; infixum stridit sub pectore vulnus.","translation":"again; the wound driven under her breast hissed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l689.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"deficit","lemma":"deficio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"fails"},{"surface":"infixum","lemma":"infigo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"having driven in"},{"surface":"stridit","lemma":"strideo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"hissed"},{"surface":"sub","lemma":"sub","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"pectore","lemma":"pectus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"her breast"},{"surface":"vulnus","lemma":"uulnus","morphology":"noun, nominative singular neuter","role":"subject","gloss":"wound"}]},{"number":690,"label":"690","id":"b4-l690","source":"Ter sese attollens cubitoque adnixa levavit;","translation":"Three times she raised herself, propped on her elbow;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l690.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ter","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"sese","lemma":"sui","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"attollens","lemma":"attollo","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"raising"},{"surface":"cubitoque","lemma":"cubitum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"elbow"},{"surface":"adnixa","lemma":"annitor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"propped"},{"surface":"levavit","lemma":"leuo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised"}]},{"number":691,"label":"691","id":"b4-l691","source":"ter revoluta toro est, oculisque errantibus alto","translation":"three times she rolled back on the bed, and with wandering eyes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l691.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ter","lemma":"ter","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"revoluta","lemma":"reuoluo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"main verb","gloss":"rolled back"},{"surface":"toro","lemma":"torus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"sum","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"oculisque","lemma":"oculus","morphology":"noun, ablative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"errantibus","lemma":"erro","morphology":"participle, present active ablative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"altus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"deep"}]},{"number":692,"label":"692","id":"b4-l692","source":"quaesivit caelo lucem, ingemuitque reperta.","translation":"looked for light in the deep sky, and groaned when she found it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l692.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quaesivit","lemma":"quaero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"looked for"},{"surface":"caelo","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"place","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"lucem","lemma":"lux","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ingemuitque","lemma":"ingemo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"reperta","lemma":"reperio","morphology":"participle, perfect passive ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"found"}]},{"number":693,"label":"693","id":"b4-l693","source":"Tum Iuno omnipotens, longum miserata dolorem","translation":"Then Juno all-powerful, pitying the long pain","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l693.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tum","lemma":"tum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Iuno","lemma":"iuno","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Juno"},{"surface":"omnipotens","lemma":"omnipotens","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all-powerful"},{"surface":"longum","lemma":"longus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"miserata","lemma":"misereor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"pitying"},{"surface":"dolorem","lemma":"dolor","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"pain"}]},{"number":694,"label":"694","id":"b4-l694","source":"difficilisque obitus, Irim demisit Olympo,","translation":"and the hard dying, sent Iris down from Olympus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l694.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"difficilisque","lemma":"difficilis","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"and hard"},{"surface":"obitus","lemma":"obitus","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"Irim","lemma":"iris","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"demisit","lemma":"demitto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent down"},{"surface":"Olympo","lemma":"olympus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"from Olympus"}]},{"number":695,"label":"695","id":"b4-l695","source":"quae luctantem animam nexosque resolveret artus.","translation":"to loose the struggling breath and the knotted limbs.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l695.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"quae","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"luctantem","lemma":"luctor","morphology":"participle, present active accusative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"struggling"},{"surface":"animam","lemma":"anima","morphology":"noun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"nexosque","lemma":"necto","morphology":"participle, perfect passive accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"knotted"},{"surface":"resolveret","lemma":"resoluo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect subjunctive active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"might loose"},{"surface":"artus","lemma":"artus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":696,"label":"696","id":"b4-l696","source":"Nam quia nec fato, merita nec morte peribat,","translation":"For since she was dying neither by fate nor by a death she had earned,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l696.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nam","lemma":"nam","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"quia","lemma":"quia","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"fato","lemma":"fatum","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"merita","lemma":"mereor","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"earned"},{"surface":"nec","lemma":"neque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"peribat","lemma":"pereo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular imperfect indicative active","role":"subordinate verb","gloss":"was dying"}]},{"number":697,"label":"697","id":"b4-l697","source":"sed misera ante diem, subitoque accensa furore,","translation":"but wretchedly, before her day, and fired by a sudden madness,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l697.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sed","lemma":"sed","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"misera","lemma":"miser","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"diem","lemma":"dies","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"her day"},{"surface":"subitoque","lemma":"subitus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"and sudden"},{"surface":"accensa","lemma":"accendo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"fired"},{"surface":"furore","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"by madness"}]},{"number":698,"label":"698","id":"b4-l698","source":"nondum illi flavum Proserpina vertice crinem","translation":"Proserpina had not yet taken the yellow hair from her head","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l698.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nondum","lemma":"nondum","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"not yet"},{"surface":"illi","lemma":"ille","morphology":"pronoun, dative singular feminine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"from her"},{"surface":"flavum","lemma":"flauus","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"Proserpina","lemma":"proserpina","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Proserpina"},{"surface":"vertice","lemma":"uertex","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"place","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"crinem","lemma":"crinis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"hair"}]},{"number":699,"label":"699","id":"b4-l699","source":"abstulerat, Stygioque caput damnaverat Orco.","translation":"and given the life over to Stygian Orcus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l699.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"abstulerat","lemma":"aufero","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"had taken away"},{"surface":"Stygioque","lemma":"stygius","morphology":"adjective, dative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"and Stygian","note":"-que attached: \"and.\""},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"damnaverat","lemma":"damno","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular pluperfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"condemned"},{"surface":"Orco","lemma":"orcus","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"to Orcus"}]},{"number":700,"label":"700","id":"b4-l700","source":"Ergo Iris croceis per caelum roscida pennis,","translation":"So Iris, dewy, on saffron wings across the sky,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l700.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ergo","lemma":"ergo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Iris","lemma":"iris","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"Iris"},{"surface":"croceis","lemma":"croceus","morphology":"adjective, ablative plural feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"saffron"},{"surface":"per","lemma":"per","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"caelum","lemma":"caelum","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"roscida","lemma":"roscidus","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"dewy"},{"surface":"pennis","lemma":"penna","morphology":"noun, ablative plural feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on wings"}]},{"number":701,"label":"701","id":"b4-l701","source":"mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,","translation":"trailing a thousand shifting colors against the sun,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l701.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mille","lemma":"mille","morphology":"numeral, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"a thousand"},{"surface":"trahens","lemma":"traho","morphology":"participle, present active nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"trailing"},{"surface":"varios","lemma":"uarius","morphology":"adjective, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"shifting"},{"surface":"adverso","lemma":"aduersus","morphology":"adjective, ablative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"sole","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, ablative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"colores","lemma":"color","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object","gloss":"colors"}]},{"number":702,"label":"702","id":"b4-l702","source":"devolat, et supra caput adstitit: “Hunc ego Diti","translation":"flew down and stood over her head: “This, as I am ordered,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l702.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"devolat","lemma":"deuolo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew down"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"supra","lemma":"supra","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"caput","lemma":"caput","morphology":"noun, accusative singular neuter","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"adstitit","lemma":"asto","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood at"},{"surface":"Hunc","lemma":"hic","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ego","lemma":"ego","morphology":"pronoun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Diti","lemma":"dis","morphology":"noun, dative singular masculine","role":"indirect object","gloss":"Dis"}]},{"number":703,"label":"703","id":"b4-l703","source":"sacrum iussa fero, teque isto corpore solvo.”","translation":"I carry as holy to Dis, and I free you from that body.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l703.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"sacrum","lemma":"sacer","morphology":"adjective, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"iussa","lemma":"iubeo","morphology":"participle, perfect passive nominative singular feminine","role":"modifier","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"fero","lemma":"fero","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"teque","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, accusative singular feminine","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"isto","lemma":"iste","morphology":"pronoun, ablative singular neuter","role":"modifier","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"corpore","lemma":"corpus","morphology":"noun, ablative singular neuter","role":"adverbial","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"solvo","lemma":"soluo","morphology":"verb, 1st singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"I free"}]},{"number":704,"label":"704","id":"b4-l704","source":"Sic ait, et dextra crinem secat: omnis et una","translation":"So she says, and cuts the lock with her right hand: and all at once","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l704.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sic","lemma":"sic","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"aio","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dextra","lemma":"dextera","morphology":"noun, ablative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"right hand"},{"surface":"crinem","lemma":"crinis","morphology":"noun, accusative singular masculine","role":"object","gloss":"lock"},{"surface":"secat","lemma":"seco","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular present indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"cuts"},{"surface":"omnis","lemma":"omnis","morphology":"adjective, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"una","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the verb","gloss":"at once"}]},{"number":705,"label":"705","id":"b4-l705","source":"dilapsus calor, atque in ventos vita recessit.","translation":"the warmth slipped away, and the life went off into the winds.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/aeneid/b4-l705.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dilapsus","lemma":"dilabor","morphology":"participle, perfect deponent nominative singular masculine","role":"modifier","gloss":"slipped away"},{"surface":"calor","lemma":"calor","morphology":"noun, nominative singular masculine","role":"subject","gloss":"warmth"},{"surface":"atque","lemma":"atque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects clauses","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"governs its object","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ventos","lemma":"uentus","morphology":"noun, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of preposition","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"vita","lemma":"uita","morphology":"noun, nominative singular feminine","role":"subject","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"recessit","lemma":"recedo","morphology":"verb, 3rd singular perfect indicative active","role":"main verb","gloss":"went off"}]}]}