{"work":{"slug":"arlt","title":{"source":"Los siete locos","translated":"The Seven Madmen"},"author":"Roberto Arlt","language":"Spanish","languageCode":"es","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"discurso-del-astrologo","title":{"source":"Discurso del astrólogo","translated":"The Astrologer's Speech"},"section":"Part Two","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo","lines":333},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/el-latigo","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/la-farsa","license":"Source text: public domain (Roberto Arlt, d. 1942). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: this is a minimal seed excerpt to make the app target runnable; full verified content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p1-s1","source":"El Astrólogo continuó: –Al principio, ese pensamiento me pareció una de las tantas estupideces que abundan en sus divagaciones... Sin embargo, terminé por preguntarme involuntariamente por qué el dinero puede convertir en dios a un hombre, y de pronto me di cuenta que usted había descubierto una verdad esencial.","translation":"The Astrologer went on: –At first, that thought seemed to me one of the many stupidities that abound in your ramblings... And yet, I ended up involuntarily asking myself why money can turn a man into a god, and all at once I realized that you had discovered an essential truth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"terminé por preguntarme","title":"«terminar por» + infinitive","body":"«Terminar por» + an infinitive means 'to end up (doing something)': «terminé por preguntarme» = 'I ended up asking myself'. The pronominal «preguntarse» literally means 'to ask oneself', i.e. 'to wonder'."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of continuó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"Al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking principio","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"principio","lemma":"principio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase Al","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pensamiento","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pensamiento","lemma":"pensamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pareció","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pareció","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"pareció","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted clause following continuó","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of pareció","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estupideces","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of estupideces","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tantas","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of estupideces","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"estupideces","lemma":"estupidez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of de","gloss":"stupidities"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of abundan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"abundan","lemma":"abundar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying estupideces","gloss":"abound"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking divagaciones","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of divagaciones","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"divagaciones","lemma":"divagación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of abundan","gloss":"ramblings"},{"surface":"Sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom sin embargo, modifies terminé","gloss":"And yet","note":"'Sin embargo' is a fixed idiom meaning 'however, nevertheless.'"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom sin embargo","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"terminé","lemma":"terminar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted clause (Sin embargo...)","gloss":"I ended up"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of preguntarme","gloss":"by","note":"'terminar por' + infinitive = 'to end up doing' something."},{"surface":"preguntarme","lemma":"preguntar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of terminé","gloss":"asking myself"},{"surface":"involuntariamente","lemma":"involuntariamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies preguntarme","gloss":"involuntarily"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of convertir","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of convertir","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of convertir","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"convertir","lemma":"convertir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of preguntarme","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dios","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of convertir, predicate introduced by en","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre (personal a)","gloss":"object marker","note":"This is the personal 'a,' required before a direct object referring to people; it has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of convertir","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de pronto, modifies di","gloss":"all at"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom de pronto, modifies di","gloss":"once","note":"'de pronto' is a fixed idiom meaning 'suddenly, all at once.'"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of di","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with terminé","gloss":"realized"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with di","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of descubierto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of descubierto","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of descubierto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"descubierto","lemma":"descubrir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of di","gloss":"discovered"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of verdad","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"verdad","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of descubierto","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"esencial","lemma":"esencial","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies verdad","gloss":"essential"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p1-s2","source":"¿Y sabe cómo comprobé que usted tenía razón?","translation":"And do you know how I confirmed that you were right?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p1-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tener razón","title":"«tener razón»","body":"«Tener razón» = 'to be right' (literally 'to have reason'). Spanish uses «tener» for many states English takes with 'to be': «tener hambre» (to be hungry), «tener miedo» (to be afraid)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"Y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies sabe","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you know"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of comprobé","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"comprobé","lemma":"comprobar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sabe","gloss":"confirmed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tenía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of tenía","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of comprobé","gloss":"were","note":"'tener razón' is an idiom meaning 'to be right,' literally 'to have reason.'"},{"surface":"razón","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p1-s3","source":"Pues pensando que Henry Ford con su fortuna podía comprar la suficiente cantidad de explosivo como para hacer saltar en pedazos un planeta como la luna.","translation":"Why, by thinking that Henry Ford with his fortune could buy enough explosive to blow a planet like the moon to pieces.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p1-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pues","lemma":"pues","morphology":"discourse particle","role":"introduces the answer, modifies pensando","gloss":"Why,"},{"surface":"pensando","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"by thinking"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of comprar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Henry","lemma":"Henry","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of comprar","gloss":"Henry"},{"surface":"Ford","lemma":"Ford","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Henry","gloss":"Ford"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fortuna","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fortuna","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of comprar","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of comprar","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"comprar","lemma":"comprar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pensando","gloss":"buy"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cantidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suficiente","lemma":"suficiente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies cantidad","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"cantidad","lemma":"cantidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of comprar","gloss":"amount"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking explosivo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"explosivo","lemma":"explosivo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cantidad","gloss":"explosive"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the idiom como para, introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom como para, introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to","note":"'como para' is a fixed collocation meaning 'enough to.'"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying cantidad","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"saltar","lemma":"saltar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacer","gloss":"burst"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pedazos","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"pedazos","lemma":"pedazos","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"pieces"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of planeta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"planeta","lemma":"planeta","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"planet"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luna","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luna","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies planeta","gloss":"moon"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p1-s4","source":"Su postulado se justificaba.","translation":"His premise held up.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p1-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of postulado","gloss":"His"},{"surface":"postulado","lemma":"postulado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of justificaba","gloss":"premise"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of justificaba","gloss":"itself","note":"Passive/reflexive 'se': 'se justificaba' reads as 'was justified, held up,' not literally 'justified itself.'"},{"surface":"justificaba","lemma":"justificar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"held up"}]},{"number":5,"label":"2","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p2-s1","source":"–Ciertamente –rezongó Barsut, halagado en su fuero interno.","translation":"–Quite so –grumbled Barsut, flattered in his heart of hearts.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"en su fuero interno","title":"«en su fuero interno»","body":"«El fuero interno» is one's inner conscience or private self; «en su fuero interno» = 'in his heart of hearts', 'deep down'. «Fuero» originally meant a body of law or jurisdiction — here it is the inner 'court' of the self."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ciertamente","lemma":"ciertamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rezongó","gloss":"Quite so"},{"surface":"rezongó","lemma":"rezongar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grumbled"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of rezongó","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"halagado","lemma":"halagado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Barsut","gloss":"flattered"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fuero","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fuero","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"fuero","lemma":"fuero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of halagado","gloss":"heart","note":"'fuero interno' is an idiom meaning 'heart of hearts, inner self.'"},{"surface":"interno","lemma":"interno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fuero","gloss":"of hearts"}]},{"number":6,"label":"3","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p3-s1","source":"–Entonces me di cuenta que toda la antigüedad clásica, que los escritores de todos los tiempos, salvo usted que había escrito esta verdad sin saber explotarla, no habían concebido jamás que hombres como Ford, Rockefeller o Morgan fueran capaces de destruir la luna... tuvieran ese poder... poder que, como le digo, las mitologías sólo pudieron atribuir a un dios creador.","translation":"–Then I realized that all of classical antiquity, that the writers of every age, except you, who had written this truth without knowing how to exploit it, had never conceived that men like Ford, Rockefeller or Morgan might be capable of destroying the moon... that they might have that power... a power which, as I tell you, the mythologies could only ascribe to a creator god.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fueran capaces","title":"Imperfect subjunctive after «concebir que»","body":"«No habían concebido jamás que... fueran capaces» uses the imperfect subjunctive «fueran» ('they might be'). A verb of conceiving/believing in the negative triggers the subjunctive for the embedded clause; «tuvieran» right after is the same mood."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies di","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of di","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realized"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with di","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of concebido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of la","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of antigüedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"antigüedad","lemma":"antigüedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of concebido","gloss":"antiquity"},{"surface":"clásica","lemma":"clásico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies antigüedad","gloss":"classical"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of concebido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of escritores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"escritores","lemma":"escritor","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of concebido","gloss":"writers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiempos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of los","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tiempos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiempos","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies escritores","gloss":"age"},{"surface":"salvo","lemma":"salvo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"except"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"modifies escritores","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of escrito","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of escrito","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"escrito","lemma":"escribir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying usted","gloss":"written"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of verdad","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"verdad","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of escrito","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of explotarla","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"saber","lemma":"saber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of explotarla","gloss":"knowing how"},{"surface":"explotarla","lemma":"explotar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on escrito","gloss":"to exploit it"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies concebido","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"habían","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of concebido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"concebido","lemma":"concebir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by que","gloss":"conceived"},{"surface":"jamás","lemma":"jamás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies concebido","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fueran","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of fueran","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ford","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Ford","lemma":"Ford","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies hombres","gloss":"Ford"},{"surface":"Rockefeller","lemma":"Rockefeller","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Ford","gloss":"Rockefeller"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Morgan","lemma":"Morgan","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Ford","gloss":"Morgan"},{"surface":"fueran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to capaces","gloss":"might be"},{"surface":"capaces","lemma":"capaz","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"clausal complement of concebido","gloss":"capable"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of destruir","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"destruir","lemma":"destruir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying capaces","gloss":"destroying"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luna","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of destruir","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"tuvieran","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with fueran","gloss":"might have"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poder","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"poder","lemma":"poder","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tuvieran","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"poder","lemma":"poder","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to poder","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of atribuir","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of digo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of digo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"digo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on atribuir","gloss":"I tell"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mitologías","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mitologías","lemma":"mitología","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of atribuir","gloss":"mythologies"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies atribuir","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"pudieron","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of atribuir","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"atribuir","lemma":"atribuir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying poder","gloss":"ascribe"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dios","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dios","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of atribuir","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"creador","lemma":"creador","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dios","gloss":"creator"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p3-s2","source":"Y usted, implícitamente, sentaba de hecho un principio: el comienzo del reinado del superhombre.","translation":"And you, implicitly, were in fact laying down a principle: the beginning of the reign of the superman.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p3-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies sentaba","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of sentaba","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"implícitamente","lemma":"implícitamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentaba","gloss":"implicitly"},{"surface":"sentaba","lemma":"sentar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were laying down"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hecho","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentaba","gloss":"fact","note":"'de hecho' is a fixed phrase meaning 'in fact, actually.'"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of principio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"principio","lemma":"principio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sentaba","gloss":"principle"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of comienzo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"comienzo","lemma":"comienzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to principio","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking reinado","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"reinado","lemma":"reinado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies comienzo","gloss":"reign"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking superhombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"superhombre","lemma":"superhombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies reinado","gloss":"superman"}]},{"number":8,"label":"4","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p4-s1","source":"Barsut volvió la cabeza para examinar el Astrólogo.","translation":"Barsut turned his head to study the Astrologer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"volvió / examinar","title":"Preterite of «volver»","body":"«Volvió» is the preterite of «volver» — a single completed past action, 'he turned'. «Volver la cabeza» = 'to turn one's head'. (Don't confuse «volver» 'to turn/return' with «volverse» 'to become'.)"}],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of volvió","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of volvió","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of examinar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"examinar","lemma":"examinar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on volvió","gloss":"study"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of examinar","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p4-s2","source":"Erdosain comprendió que éste hablaba seriamente.","translation":"Erdosain understood that the latter was speaking in earnest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p4-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"éste","title":"«éste» = 'the latter'","body":"With an accent, «éste/ése/aquél» were demonstrative pronouns. «Éste» ('this one') often means 'the latter' — the most recently mentioned person. Here it points to the Astrologer, the last man named."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of comprendió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"comprendió","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hablaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hablaba","gloss":"the latter"},{"surface":"hablaba","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of comprendió","gloss":"was speaking"},{"surface":"seriamente","lemma":"seriamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablaba","gloss":"in earnest"}]},{"number":10,"label":"5","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p5-s1","source":"–Ahora bien, cuando llegué a la conclusión de que Morgan, Rockefeller y Ford eran por el poder que les confería el dinero algo así como dioses, me di cuenta que la revolución social sería imposible sobre la tierra porque un Rockefeller o un Morgan podían destruir con un solo gesto una raza, como usted en su jardín un nido de hormigas.","translation":"–Now then, when I came to the conclusion that Morgan, Rockefeller and Ford were, by the power that money conferred on them, something like gods, I realized that social revolution would be impossible on earth, because a Rockefeller or a Morgan could destroy a race with a single gesture, as you would an ant's nest in your garden.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sería imposible","title":"The conditional «sería»","body":"«Sería» is the conditional of «ser» — 'would be'. It reports a consequence projected from the speaker's reasoning: 'revolution would be impossible'. The conditional often expresses such hypothetical outcomes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom Ahora bien, introduces the sentence","gloss":"Now then","note":"'Ahora bien' is a discourse marker meaning 'now then' — introduces a new point in the argument."},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom Ahora bien","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of llegué","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"llegué","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on di","gloss":"I came"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conclusión","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of conclusión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"conclusión","lemma":"conclusión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llegué","gloss":"conclusion"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase conclusión de que, introduces the clause of eran","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of eran","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Morgan","lemma":"Morgan","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of eran","gloss":"Morgan"},{"surface":"Rockefeller","lemma":"Rockefeller","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Morgan","gloss":"Rockefeller"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ford","lemma":"Ford","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Morgan","gloss":"Ford"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to algo","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poder","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poder","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poder","lemma":"poder","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of eran","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of confería","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of confería","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"confería","lemma":"conferir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying poder","gloss":"conferred"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of confería","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of eran","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom así como, modifies algo","gloss":"like","note":"'así como' is an idiom meaning 'just like, such as.'"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the idiom así como","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"dioses","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of di","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realized"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with di","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of imposible","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of revolución","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"revolución","lemma":"revolución","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of imposible","gloss":"revolution"},{"surface":"social","lemma":"social","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies revolución","gloss":"social"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to imposible","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"imposible","lemma":"imposible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"clausal complement of di","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies imposible","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of destruir","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rockefeller","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Rockefeller","lemma":"Rockefeller","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of destruir","gloss":"Rockefeller"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Morgan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Morgan","lemma":"Morgan","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Rockefeller","gloss":"Morgan"},{"surface":"podían","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of destruir","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"destruir","lemma":"destruir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by porque","gloss":"destroy"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gesto","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gesto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies gesto","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"gesto","lemma":"gesto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of destruir","gloss":"gesture"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of raza","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"raza","lemma":"raza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of destruir","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of destruir","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jardín","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of jardín","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"jardín","lemma":"jardín","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of destruir","gloss":"garden"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nido","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"nido","lemma":"nido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of destruir","gloss":"nest"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hormigas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hormigas","lemma":"hormiga","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies nido","gloss":"ants"}]},{"number":11,"label":"6","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p6-s1","source":"–Siempre que tuvieran el coraje de hacerlo.","translation":"–Provided they had the courage to do it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Siempre que tuvieran","title":"«siempre que» + subjunctive","body":"«Siempre que» here means 'provided that / as long as', and it requires the subjunctive: «tuvieran» (imperfect subjunctive of «tener»). It sets a condition on the previous statement — 'only if they had the courage'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom siempre que, introduces the clause of tuvieran","gloss":"Provided","note":"'Siempre que' is a fixed idiom meaning 'provided that, as long as.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the idiom siempre que","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tuvieran","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coraje","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"coraje","lemma":"coraje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tuvieran","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacerlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacerlo","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying coraje","gloss":"do it"}]},{"number":12,"label":"7","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p7-s1","source":"–¿El coraje?","translation":"–Courage?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coraje","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"coraje","lemma":"coraje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"courage"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p7-s2","source":"Yo me pregunté si era posible que un dios renunciara a sus poderes... Me pregunté si un rey del cobre o del petróleo llegaría a dejarse despojar de sus flotas, de sus montañas, de su oro y de sus pozos, y me di cuenta que para privarse de ese fabuloso mundo había que tener la espiritualidad de un Buda o de un Cristo... y que ellos, los dioses que disponían de todas las fuerzas, no permitirían jamás su exacción.","translation":"I asked myself whether it was possible for a god to renounce his powers... I asked myself whether a copper or oil king would let himself be stripped of his fleets, his mountains, his gold and his wells, and I realized that to give up that fabulous world one would have to have the spirituality of a Buddha or a Christ... and that they, the gods who had command of every force, would never permit their own dispossession.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p7-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"renunciara / llegaría","title":"Subjunctive vs. conditional in reported wondering","body":"After «si era posible que» the verb goes to the imperfect subjunctive «renunciara» ('a god might renounce'). In the next indirect question «si... llegaría a dejarse despojar», «llegaría» is the conditional — 'whether he would let himself be stripped'. Note «dejarse despojar» = 'to let oneself be stripped'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of pregunté","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of pregunté","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"pregunté","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to posible","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"posible","lemma":"posible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"clausal complement of pregunté","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of renunciara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dios","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of renunciara","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"renunciara","lemma":"renunciar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on posible","gloss":"renounce"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poderes","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of poderes","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"poderes","lemma":"poder","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of renunciara","gloss":"powers"},{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of pregunté","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"pregunté","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of llegaría","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rey","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rey","lemma":"rey","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of llegaría","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cobre","lemma":"cobre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rey","gloss":"copper"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking petróleo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"petróleo","lemma":"petróleo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with cobre","gloss":"oil"},{"surface":"llegaría","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of pregunté","gloss":"would come to"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dejarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dejarse","lemma":"dejar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of llegaría","gloss":"let himself"},{"surface":"despojar","lemma":"despojar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dejarse","gloss":"be stripped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flotas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of flotas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"flotas","lemma":"flota","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of despojar","gloss":"fleets"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montañas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of montañas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"montañas","lemma":"montaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with flotas","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with flotas","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pozos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pozos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pozos","lemma":"pozo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with oro","gloss":"wells"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of di","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pregunté","gloss":"realized","note":"Idiom: darse cuenta (de) = 'to realize' — 'di' and 'cuenta' together mean 'realized', not 'gave' + 'account'."},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with di","gloss":"realization"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of había","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of privarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"privarse","lemma":"privar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose clause modifying había","gloss":"give up"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fabuloso","lemma":"fabuloso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"fabulous"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of privarse","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of di","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links había to tener","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of había","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of espiritualidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espiritualidad","lemma":"espiritualidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"spirituality"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Buda","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buda","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Buda","lemma":"Buda","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies espiritualidad","gloss":"Buddha"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Cristo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Cristo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Cristo","lemma":"Cristo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Buda","gloss":"Christ"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of permitirían","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"subject of permitirían","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dioses","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dioses","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition with ellos","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of disponían","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"disponían","lemma":"disponer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying dioses","gloss":"commanded"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fuerzas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fuerzas","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fuerzas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fuerzas","lemma":"fuerza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of disponían","gloss":"forces"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies permitirían","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"permitirían","lemma":"permitir","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of di","gloss":"would permit"},{"surface":"jamás","lemma":"jamás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies permitirían","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of exacción","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"exacción","lemma":"exacción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of permitirían","gloss":"dispossession"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p7-s3","source":"En consecuencia, tendría que acontecer algo enorme.","translation":"Consequently, something enormous would have to happen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p7-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies tendría","gloss":"Consequently","note":"Fixed phrase 'en consecuencia' = 'consequently.'"},{"surface":"consecuencia","lemma":"consecuencia","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase En","gloss":"consequently"},{"surface":"tendría","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would have to"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links tendría to acontecer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"acontecer","lemma":"acontecer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tendría","gloss":"happen"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of acontecer","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"enorme","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"enormous"}]},{"number":15,"label":"8","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p8-s1","source":"–No lo veo... Yo escribí ese pensamiento guiado por otros móviles.","translation":"–I don't see it... I wrote that thought guided by other motives.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of veo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"veo","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of escribí","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"escribí","lemma":"escribir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wrote"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pensamiento","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pensamiento","lemma":"pensamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of escribí","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"guiado","lemma":"guiado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Yo","gloss":"guided"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking móviles","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of móviles","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"móviles","lemma":"móvil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of guiado","gloss":"motives"}]},{"number":16,"label":"9","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s1","source":"–Interesa poco.","translation":"–That matters little.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Interesa","lemma":"interesar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"matters"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Interesa","gloss":"little"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s2","source":"Lo enorme es esto: La humanidad, las multitudes de las enormes tierras han perdido la religión.","translation":"The enormous thing is this: Humanity, the multitudes of the vast lands, have lost religion.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"article, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of enorme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"enorme","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"enormous thing"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to esto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of humanidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"humanidad","lemma":"humanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of perdido","gloss":"humanity"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of multitudes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"multitudes","lemma":"multitud","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"in apposition with humanidad","gloss":"multitudes"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierras","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of tierras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"enormes","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies tierras","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"tierras","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies multitudes","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of perdido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"perdido","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of religión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"religión","lemma":"religión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of perdido","gloss":"religion"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s3","source":"No me refiero a la católica.","translation":"I don't mean the Catholic one.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies refiero","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of refiero","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"refiero","lemma":"referir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mean"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking católica","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of católica","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"católica","lemma":"católico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of refiero","gloss":"Catholic one"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s4","source":"Me refiero a todo credo teológico.","translation":"I mean every theological creed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of refiero","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"refiero","lemma":"referir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mean"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking credo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of credo","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"credo","lemma":"credo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of refiero","gloss":"creed"},{"surface":"teológico","lemma":"teológico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies credo","gloss":"theological"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s5","source":"Entonces los hombres van a decir: «¿Para qué queremos la vida?...» Nadie tendrá interés en conservar una existencia de carácter mecánico, porque la ciencia ha cercenado toda fe.","translation":"Then men are going to say: \"What do we want life for?...\" No one will have any interest in preserving an existence of a mechanical character, because science has cut away all faith.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"van a decir","title":"«ir a» + infinitive (the periphrastic future)","body":"«Van a decir» = 'they are going to say'. «Ir a» + infinitive is the everyday way of expressing the near or projected future, much like English 'going to' — often preferred over the plain future tense in speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies decir","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of decir","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of decir","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of decir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"Para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of queremos","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"queremos","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"quoted clause, complement of decir","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of queremos","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"Nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of tendrá","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"tendrá","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"interés","lemma":"interés","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tendrá","gloss":"interest"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of conservar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"conservar","lemma":"conservar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying interés","gloss":"preserving"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of existencia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"existencia","lemma":"existencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of conservar","gloss":"existence"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking carácter","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"carácter","lemma":"carácter","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies existencia","gloss":"character"},{"surface":"mecánico","lemma":"mecánico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies carácter","gloss":"mechanical"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cercenado","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciencia","lemma":"ciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of cercenado","gloss":"science"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of cercenado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"cercenado","lemma":"cercenar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tendrá","gloss":"cut away"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fe","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"fe","lemma":"fe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cercenado","gloss":"faith"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s6","source":"Y en el momento que se produzca tal fenómeno, reaparecerá sobre la tierra una peste incurable... la peste del suicidio... ¿Se imagina usted un mundo de gentes furiosas, de cráneo seco, moviéndose en los subterráneos de las gigantescas ciudades y aullando a las paredes de cemento armado: «¿Qué han hecho de nuestro dios?...» ¿Y las muchachitas y las escolares organizando sociedades secretas para dedicarse al sport del suicidio?","translation":"And the moment such a phenomenon occurs, an incurable plague will reappear on earth... the plague of suicide... Can you picture a world of furious people, dry-skulled, moving through the underground tunnels of the gigantic cities and howling at the reinforced-concrete walls: \"What have they done with our god?...\" And the little girls and the schoolgirls forming secret societies to take up the sport of suicide?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se produzca","title":"Subjunctive after «en el momento que»","body":"A time clause pointing to the future takes the subjunctive: «en el momento que se produzca» = 'the moment it occurs'. Because the event hasn't happened yet, Spanish uses the present subjunctive «se produzca», not the indicative."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies reaparecerá","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of reaparecerá","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of produzca","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of produzca","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"produzca","lemma":"producir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying momento","gloss":"occurs"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fenómeno","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"fenómeno","lemma":"fenómeno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of produzca","gloss":"phenomenon"},{"surface":"reaparecerá","lemma":"reaparecer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will reappear"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of reaparecerá","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of peste","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"peste","lemma":"peste","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of reaparecerá","gloss":"plague"},{"surface":"incurable","lemma":"incurable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies peste","gloss":"incurable"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of peste","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"peste","lemma":"peste","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition with peste","gloss":"plague"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking suicidio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"suicidio","lemma":"suicidio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies peste","gloss":"suicide"},{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of imagina","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"imagina","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"picture"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of imagina","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of imagina","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gentes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gentes","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"furiosas","lemma":"furioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies gentes","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cráneo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"cráneo","lemma":"cráneo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies gentes","gloss":"skull"},{"surface":"seco","lemma":"seco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cráneo","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"moviéndose","lemma":"mover","morphology":"verb, gerund, reflexive","role":"modifies gentes","gloss":"moving"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking subterráneos","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of subterráneos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"subterráneos","lemma":"subterráneo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of moviéndose","gloss":"tunnels"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciudades","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ciudades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gigantescas","lemma":"gigantesco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ciudades","gloss":"gigantic"},{"surface":"ciudades","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies subterráneos","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aullando","lemma":"aullar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with moviéndose","gloss":"howling"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paredes","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of paredes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"paredes","lemma":"pared","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of aullando","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cemento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cemento","lemma":"cemento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies paredes","gloss":"concrete"},{"surface":"armado","lemma":"armado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cemento","gloss":"reinforced"},{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hecho","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of hecho","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"quoted clause, complement of aullando","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dios","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"nuestro","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dios","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hecho","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies organizando","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of muchachitas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muchachitas","lemma":"muchachita","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of organizando","gloss":"little girls"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of escolares","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"escolares","lemma":"escolar","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with muchachitas","gloss":"schoolgirls"},{"surface":"organizando","lemma":"organizar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"modifies muchachitas","gloss":"organizing"},{"surface":"sociedades","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of organizando","gloss":"societies"},{"surface":"secretas","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies sociedades","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dedicarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dedicarse","lemma":"dedicar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on organizando","gloss":"devote themselves"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sport","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"sport","lemma":"sport","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dedicarse","gloss":"sport"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking suicidio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"suicidio","lemma":"suicidio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sport","gloss":"suicide"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s7","source":"¿Y los hombres negándose a engendrar hijos que el iluso Berthelot creía que se alimentarían con pastillas sintéticas?...","translation":"And men refusing to father children that the deluded Berthelot believed would feed themselves on synthetic pills?...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p9-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of negándose","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"negándose","lemma":"negar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clause modifying hombres","gloss":"refusing"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of engendrar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"engendrar","lemma":"engendrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of negándose","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"hijos","lemma":"hijo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of engendrar","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of alimentarían","gloss":"that","note":"Long-distance relative: 'que' stands for 'hijos' but is the subject of 'alimentarían', two clauses away ('children [that] Berthelot believed would feed themselves...')."},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Berthelot","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"iluso","lemma":"iluso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Berthelot","gloss":"deluded"},{"surface":"Berthelot","lemma":"Berthelot","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of creía","gloss":"Berthelot"},{"surface":"creía","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hijos","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of alimentarían","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of alimentarían","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"alimentarían","lemma":"alimentar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of creía","gloss":"would feed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pastillas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"pastillas","lemma":"pastilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of alimentarían","gloss":"pills"},{"surface":"sintéticas","lemma":"sintético","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies pastillas","gloss":"synthetic"}]},{"number":23,"label":"10","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p10-s1","source":"–Es mucho suponer –dijo Erdosain.","translation":"–That's a lot to assume –said Erdosain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to suponer","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suponer","gloss":"a lot"},{"surface":"suponer","lemma":"suponer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"predicate complement of Es","gloss":"to assume"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":24,"label":"11","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p11-s1","source":"El Astrólogo se volvió hacia él, asombrado.","translation":"The Astrologer turned toward him, astonished.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of volvió","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of volvió","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volvió","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"asombrado","lemma":"asombrado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Astrólogo","gloss":"astonished"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p11-s2","source":"Le había olvidado.","translation":"He had forgotten him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p11-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Le había olvidado","title":"The pluperfect «había olvidado»","body":"«Había olvidado» is the pluperfect (had + past participle): 'he had forgotten'. It marks an action completed before another past moment — the Astrologer had already forgotten Erdosain by the time he turned to him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of olvidado","gloss":"him","note":"Leísmo: 'le' is used here as a direct object (standard would be 'lo') — a dialectal quirk in the text, not an error to imitate."},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of olvidado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"olvidado","lemma":"olvidar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forgotten"}]},{"number":26,"label":"12","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p12-s1","source":"–Claro, no sucederá mientras los hombres no reparen en qué se funda su desdicha.","translation":"–Of course, it won't happen as long as men don't notice what their wretchedness is founded on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"mientras... no reparen","title":"«mientras» + subjunctive","body":"«Mientras» meaning 'as long as' takes the subjunctive when the situation is unrealized: «mientras los hombres no reparen» = 'as long as men don't notice'. «Reparar en» = 'to notice / take note of'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sucederá","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sucederá","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sucederá","lemma":"suceder","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will happen"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of reparen","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of reparen","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies reparen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"reparen","lemma":"reparar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on sucederá","gloss":"notice"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of funda","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of funda","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"funda","lemma":"fundar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of reparen","gloss":"is founded"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of desdicha","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"desdicha","lemma":"desdicha","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of funda","gloss":"wretchedness"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p12-s2","source":"Eso es lo que ha pasado en realidad con los movimientos revolucionarios de carácter económico.","translation":"That is what has really happened with the revolutionary movements of an economic character.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p12-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of pasado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pasado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"pasado","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies pasado","gloss":"really","note":"Fixed phrase 'en realidad' = 'really/in fact.'"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking movimientos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of movimientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"movimientos","lemma":"movimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pasado","gloss":"movements"},{"surface":"revolucionarios","lemma":"revolucionario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies movimientos","gloss":"revolutionary"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking carácter","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"carácter","lemma":"carácter","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies movimientos","gloss":"character"},{"surface":"económico","lemma":"económico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies carácter","gloss":"economic"}]},{"number":28,"label":"13","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p13-s1","source":"El judaísmo acercó sus narices al Debe y al Haber del mundo y dijo: «La felicidad está en quiebra porque el hombre carece de dinero para subvenir a sus necesidades...» Cuando debió decir que: «La felicidad está en quiebra porque el hombre carece de dioses y de fe».","translation":"Judaism brought its nose up to the Debit and the Credit of the world and said: \"Happiness is bankrupt because man lacks money to provide for his needs...\" When it should have said: \"Happiness is bankrupt because man lacks gods and faith\".","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"debió decir","title":"«deber» in the preterite = 'should have'","body":"«Cuando debió decir» = 'when it should have said'. «Deber» + infinitive expresses obligation; in the preterite it points to an obligation that was not met — a missed 'should have'. «Subvenir a» = 'to provide for / meet (needs)'."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of judaísmo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"judaísmo","lemma":"judaísmo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of acercó","gloss":"Judaism"},{"surface":"acercó","lemma":"acercar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of narices","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"narices","lemma":"nariz","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of acercó","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Debe","gloss":"up to the"},{"surface":"Debe","lemma":"debe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of acercó","gloss":"Debit","note":"Debe is the accounting term for a ledger's debit column, personified here."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Haber","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Haber","lemma":"haber","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Debe","gloss":"Credit","note":"Haber here is the accounting term for a ledger's credit column, not the verb 'to have.'"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Haber","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with acercó","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of felicidad","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"felicidad","lemma":"felicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"Happiness"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to quiebra","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quiebra","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"quiebra","lemma":"quiebra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of en, predicate of está","gloss":"bankrupt","note":"Estar en quiebra is a fixed idiom meaning 'to be bankrupt,' literally 'to be in collapse.'"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of carece","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of carece","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"carece","lemma":"carecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the porque-clause","gloss":"lacks"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dinero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of carece","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of subvenir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"subvenir","lemma":"subvenir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on carece","gloss":"provide for"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking necesidades","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of necesidades","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"necesidades","lemma":"necesidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of subvenir","gloss":"needs"},{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of decir","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"debió","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of decir","gloss":"should have"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the cuando-clause, complement of debió","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of decir","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of felicidad","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"felicidad","lemma":"felicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"Happiness"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to quiebra","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quiebra","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"quiebra","lemma":"quiebra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of en, predicate of está","gloss":"bankrupt"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of carece","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of carece","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"carece","lemma":"carecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the porque-clause","gloss":"lacks"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dioses","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dioses","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of carece","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fe","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fe","lemma":"fe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with dioses","gloss":"faith"}]},{"number":29,"label":"14","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p14-s1","source":"–¡Pero usted se contradice!","translation":"–But you contradict yourself!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p14-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, second-person formal, nominative, singular","role":"subject of contradice","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of contradice","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"contradice","lemma":"contradecir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"contradict"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p14-s2","source":"Antes dijo que... –objetó Erdosain.","translation":"A moment ago you said that... –Erdosain objected.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p14-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"A moment ago"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you said","note":"Third-person dijo addresses the formal usted, whose dropped subject the translation renders as 'you.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the (unfinished) clause of dijo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"objetó","lemma":"objetar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the dialogue tag","gloss":"objected"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of objetó","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":31,"label":"15","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p15-s1","source":"–Cállese, ¿qué sabe?...","translation":"–Be quiet, what do you know?...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p15-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Cállese","title":"Formal imperative «cállese»","body":"«Cállese» is the «usted» (formal) command of the pronominal verb «callarse», 'to be quiet / shut up'. The pronoun «-se» attaches to the affirmative command. The Astrologer addresses Erdosain formally even while snapping at him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cállese","lemma":"callarse","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person formal, singular, reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Be quiet","note":"Cállese is the formal usted imperative of callarse ('be quiet'), not the informal vos form callate."},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of sabe","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"do you know"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p15-s2","source":"Y pensando, llegué a la conclusión de que ésa era la enfermedad metafísica y terrible de todo hombre.","translation":"And as I thought it over, I came to the conclusion that this was the metaphysical and terrible disease of every man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p15-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"pensando","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on llegué","gloss":"thinking it over"},{"surface":"llegué","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I came"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conclusión","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of conclusión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"conclusión","lemma":"conclusión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llegué","gloss":"conclusion"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition introducing the que-clause, complement of conclusión","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ésa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to enfermedad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of enfermedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"enfermedad","lemma":"enfermedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"disease"},{"surface":"metafísica","lemma":"metafísico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies enfermedad","gloss":"metaphysical"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"terrible","lemma":"terrible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with metafísica","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies enfermedad","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p15-s3","source":"La felicidad de la humanidad sólo puede apoyarse en la mentira metafísica... Privándole de esa mentira recae en las ilusiones de carácter económico..., y entonces me acordé que los únicos que podían devolverle a la humanidad el paraíso perdido eran los dioses de carne y hueso: Rockefeller, Morgan, Ford... y concebí un proyecto que puede aparecer fantástico a una mente mediocre... Vi que el callejón sin salida de la realidad social tenía una única salida... y era volver para atrás.","translation":"Humanity's happiness can only rest on the metaphysical lie... Deprive it of that lie and it falls back into illusions of an economic character..., and then I remembered that the only ones who could give humanity back its lost paradise were the gods of flesh and blood: Rockefeller, Morgan, Ford... and I conceived a project that may seem fantastic to a mediocre mind... I saw that the dead end of social reality had a single way out... and it was to go back.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p15-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Privándole","title":"Gerund used as a condition","body":"«Privándole de esa mentira recae...» — the gerund «privándole» ('depriving it') here carries a conditional sense: 'if you deprive it... it falls back'. The gerund can compress an 'if/when' clause. «Recaer en» = 'to relapse / fall back into'."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of felicidad","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"felicidad","lemma":"felicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of apoyarse","gloss":"happiness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking humanidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of humanidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"humanidad","lemma":"humanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies felicidad","gloss":"humanity"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies apoyarse","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of apoyarse","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"apoyarse","lemma":"apoyar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mentira","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mentira","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyarse","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"metafísica","lemma":"metafísico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mentira","gloss":"metaphysical"},{"surface":"Privándole","lemma":"privar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on recae","gloss":"Depriving it"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mentira","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mentira","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Privándole","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"recae","lemma":"recaer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it falls back"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ilusiones","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ilusiones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ilusiones","lemma":"ilusión","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of recae","gloss":"illusions"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking carácter","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"carácter","lemma":"carácter","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ilusiones","gloss":"character"},{"surface":"económico","lemma":"económico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies carácter","gloss":"economic"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies acordé","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acordé","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"acordé","lemma":"acordar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with recae","gloss":"I remembered"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of eran, complement of acordé","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of únicos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"únicos","lemma":"único","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"subject of eran","gloss":"only ones"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of podían","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"podían","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of devolverle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"devolverle","lemma":"devolver él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of podían","gloss":"give back"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking humanidad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of humanidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"humanidad","lemma":"humanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of devolverle","gloss":"humanity"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paraíso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"paraíso","lemma":"paraíso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of devolverle","gloss":"paradise"},{"surface":"perdido","lemma":"perdido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies paraíso","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to dioses","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dioses","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dioses","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of eran","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking carne","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"carne","lemma":"carne","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies dioses","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hueso","lemma":"hueso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with carne","gloss":"bone"},{"surface":"Rockefeller","lemma":"Rockefeller","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to dioses","gloss":"Rockefeller"},{"surface":"Morgan","lemma":"Morgan","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Rockefeller","gloss":"Morgan"},{"surface":"Ford","lemma":"Ford","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Rockefeller","gloss":"Ford"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"concebí","lemma":"concebir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with acordé","gloss":"I conceived"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proyecto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"proyecto","lemma":"proyecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of concebí","gloss":"project"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of puede","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of aparecer","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"aparecer","lemma":"aparecer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of puede, main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"seem"},{"surface":"fantástico","lemma":"fantástico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of aparecer","gloss":"fantastic"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mente","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mente","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aparecer","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"mediocre","lemma":"mediocre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies mente","gloss":"mediocre"},{"surface":"Vi","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I saw"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tenía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of callejón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"callejón","lemma":"callejón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tenía","gloss":"alley","note":"Callejón sin salida is a fixed idiom for 'dead end' — a street or situation with no way out."},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking salida","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"salida","lemma":"salida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies callejón","gloss":"exit"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking realidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of realidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies callejón","gloss":"reality"},{"surface":"social","lemma":"social","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies realidad","gloss":"social"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the que-clause, complement of Vi","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of salida","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"única","lemma":"único","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies salida","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"salida","lemma":"salida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"way out"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tenía","gloss":"it was"},{"surface":"volver","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of era","gloss":"go back"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atrás","gloss":"back","note":"Para atrás is a colloquial Rioplatense reduplication of atrás; together they simply mean 'backward.'"},{"surface":"atrás","lemma":"atrás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies volver","gloss":"backward"}]},{"number":34,"label":"16","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p16-s1","source":"Barsut, cruzándose de brazos, se había sentado a la orilla de la mesa.","translation":"Barsut, crossing his arms, had sat down on the edge of the table.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p16-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sentado","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"cruzándose","lemma":"cruzar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on sentado","gloss":"crossing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazos","gloss":"with","note":"Cruzarse de brazos ('cross oneself of arms') is the idiom for 'to fold one's arms.'"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cruzándose","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sentado","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sentado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sentado","lemma":"sentar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orilla","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of orilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orilla","lemma":"orilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentado","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mesa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mesa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mesa","lemma":"mesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies orilla","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":35,"label":"17","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p17-s1","source":"Sus pupilas verdes estaban tiesas en el Astrólogo, que, con el guardapolvo abotonado hasta la garganta y el pelo revuelto, pues se había quitado el sombrero, caminaba de un extremo a otro de la cochera, apartando con la punta de un botín los tallos de pasto seco que sembraban el suelo.","translation":"His green pupils were fixed on the Astrologer, who, with his smock buttoned up to the throat and his hair disheveled, for he had taken off his hat, was pacing from one end of the carriage shed to the other, pushing aside with the toe of a boot the stalks of dry grass that strewed the floor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p17-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cochera","title":"«cochera»","body":"A «cochera» is a coach house, carriage shed, or garage — the building where a carriage or car is kept. In the novel the conspirators meet in this disused shed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pupilas","gloss":"His"},{"surface":"pupilas","lemma":"pupila","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of tiesas","gloss":"pupils"},{"surface":"verdes","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies pupilas","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"estaban","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to tiesas","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"tiesas","lemma":"tieso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of estaban","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of tiesas","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of caminaba","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking guardapolvo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of guardapolvo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"guardapolvo","lemma":"guardapolvo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of con, in the absolute phrase with abotonado","gloss":"smock"},{"surface":"abotonado","lemma":"abotonado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies guardapolvo","gloss":"buttoned"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking garganta","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of garganta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"garganta","lemma":"garganta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of abotonado","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pelo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pelo","lemma":"pelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with guardapolvo","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"revuelto","lemma":"revuelto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pelo","gloss":"disheveled"},{"surface":"pues","lemma":"pues","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quitado","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of quitado","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of quitado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"quitado","lemma":"quitar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the pues-clause, complement of había","gloss":"taken off"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sombrero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sombrero","lemma":"sombrero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of quitado","gloss":"hat"},{"surface":"caminaba","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by que","gloss":"was pacing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking extremo","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of extremo","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"extremo","lemma":"extremo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of caminaba","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of caminaba","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cochera","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cochera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cochera","lemma":"cochera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies otro","gloss":"carriage shed"},{"surface":"apartando","lemma":"apartar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on caminaba","gloss":"pushing aside"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking punta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of punta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"punta","lemma":"punta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apartando","gloss":"toe"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking botín","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of botín","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"botín","lemma":"botín","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies punta","gloss":"boot"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tallos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tallos","lemma":"tallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of apartando","gloss":"stalks"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pasto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pasto","lemma":"pasto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tallos","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"seco","lemma":"seco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pasto","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sembraban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sembraban","lemma":"sembrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying tallos","gloss":"strewed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of suelo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suelo","lemma":"suelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sembraban","gloss":"floor"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p17-s2","source":"Erdosain, apoyado de espaldas contra un poste, observaba el semblante de Barsut, que lentamente se iba impregnando de atención irónica, casi malévola, como si las palabras que decía el Astrólogo sólo befa merecieran.","translation":"Erdosain, leaning back against a post, was watching Barsut's face, which was slowly steeping itself in an ironic, almost malevolent attentiveness, as if the words the Astrologer spoke deserved only mockery.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p17-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se iba impregnando","title":"«ir» + gerund (gradual progression)","body":"«Se iba impregnando» = 'was slowly steeping/becoming saturated'. «Ir» + gerund (here in the imperfect, «iba impregnando») stresses a gradual, ongoing development — the face filling little by little with irony."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of observaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"apoyado","lemma":"apoyado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Erdosain","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espaldas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"espaldas","lemma":"espalda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of apoyado","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poste","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poste","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"poste","lemma":"poste","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyado","gloss":"post"},{"surface":"observaba","lemma":"observar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was watching"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of semblante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"semblante","lemma":"semblante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of observaba","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies semblante","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of iba","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"lentamente","lemma":"lentamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies impregnando","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of impregnando","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of impregnando","gloss":"was gradually"},{"surface":"impregnando","lemma":"impregnar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"main verb of the que-clause, complement of iba","gloss":"steeping"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atención","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"atención","lemma":"atención","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of impregnando","gloss":"attentiveness"},{"surface":"irónica","lemma":"irónico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies atención","gloss":"ironic"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies malévola","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"malévola","lemma":"malévolo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies atención","gloss":"malevolent"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of merecieran","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of merecieran","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of merecieran","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of decía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying palabras","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of decía","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies merecieran","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"befa","lemma":"befa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of merecieran","gloss":"mockery"},{"surface":"merecieran","lemma":"merecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the como si-clause","gloss":"deserved"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p17-s3","source":"Este, como si se escuchara a sí mismo, caminaba, se detenía, a instantes se mesaba el cabello.","translation":"He, as if listening to himself, would walk, would stop, now and then he would tug at his hair.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p17-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"caminaba, se detenía, se mesaba","title":"Imperfect for repeated habit","body":"The string of imperfects «caminaba», «se detenía», «se mesaba» describes repeated, habitual actions in the past — 'he would walk, would stop, would tug at his hair'. The imperfect is the tense of ongoing or recurring past behavior."}],"words":[{"surface":"Este","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of caminaba","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of escuchara","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of escuchara","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of escuchara","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"escuchara","lemma":"escuchar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on caminaba","gloss":"were listening"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sí","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of escuchara","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sí","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"caminaba","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would walk"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of detenía","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"detenía","lemma":"detener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with caminaba","gloss":"would stop"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking instantes","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"instantes","lemma":"instante","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of mesaba","gloss":"moments","note":"A instantes is idiomatic for 'now and then, every so often.'"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of mesaba","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mesaba","lemma":"mesar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with detenía","gloss":"would tug at"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cabello","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cabello","lemma":"cabello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mesaba","gloss":"hair"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p17-s4","source":"Dijo:","translation":"He said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p17-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"He said"}]},{"number":39,"label":"18","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p18-s1","source":"–Sí, llegará un momento en que la humanidad escéptica, enloquecida por los placeres, blasfema de impotencia, se pondrá tan furiosa que será necesario matarla como a un perro rabioso...","translation":"–Yes, a moment will come when skeptical humanity, driven mad by pleasures, blasphemous out of impotence, will grow so furious that it will be necessary to kill it like a rabid dog...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p18-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"matarla como a un perro","title":"Personal «a» before «un perro»","body":"«Matarla como a un perro rabioso» — the «a» before «un perro» is the 'personal a', used before a direct object treated as animate. Even a dog gets the marker here; it underlines killing it as one kills a living thing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection opening the sentence (affirmation)","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"llegará","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of llegará","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que (forms 'en que' = when)","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun, object of preposition en, referring to momento","gloss":"which","note":"'en que' ('in which') here means 'when'."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of humanidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"humanidad","lemma":"humanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of pondrá","gloss":"humanity"},{"surface":"escéptica","lemma":"escéptico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies humanidad","gloss":"skeptical"},{"surface":"enloquecida","lemma":"enloquecido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies humanidad","gloss":"driven mad"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking placeres","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of placeres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"placeres","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of enloquecida (agent phrase introduced by por)","gloss":"pleasures"},{"surface":"blasfema","lemma":"blasfemo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies humanidad","gloss":"blasphemous"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking impotencia","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"impotencia","lemma":"impotencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies blasfema","gloss":"impotence"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of pondrá","gloss":"itself","note":"se pondrá = from 'ponerse' (to become/grow), not literally 'put itself'."},{"surface":"pondrá","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying momento","gloss":"will grow"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies furiosa","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"furiosa","lemma":"furioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of pondrá","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause of tan...furiosa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to necesario","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"necesario","lemma":"necesario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of será","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"matarla","lemma":"matar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitival subject of necesario","gloss":"kill it"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison clause on matarla","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking perro","gloss":"(marks the object)","note":"Personal 'a' before the direct object un perro rabioso; not separately translated."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of perro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"perro","lemma":"perro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of matarla","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"rabioso","lemma":"rabioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies perro","gloss":"rabid"}]},{"number":40,"label":"19","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p19-s1","source":"–¿Qué es lo que dice?...","translation":"–What is it you're saying?...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p19-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative 'lo que' (subject of es), head of the clause que dice","gloss":"it","note":"'lo que' = 'that which/what', a fixed relative phrase."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun referring to lo, direct object of dice","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dice","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying lo (subject of es)","gloss":"you're saying","note":"'dice' is the formal 'usted' verb form here, used for polite 'you'."}]},{"number":41,"label":"20","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p20-s1","source":"–Será la poda del árbol humano... una vendimia que sólo ellos, los millonarios, con la ciencia a su servicio, podrán realizar.","translation":"–It will be the pruning of the human tree... a vintage that only they, the millionaires, with science at their service, will be able to carry out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p20-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vendimia","title":"«vendimia»","body":"«Vendimia» is the grape harvest — the gathering and pressing of grapes. Paired with «la poda» (the pruning), it casts the mass killing as agricultural labor on the 'human tree': a chilling metaphor."}],"words":[{"surface":"Será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to poda","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of poda","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poda","lemma":"poda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Será","gloss":"pruning"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking árbol","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"árbol","lemma":"árbol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies poda","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"humano","lemma":"humano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies árbol","gloss":"human"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vendimia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vendimia","lemma":"vendimia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to poda","gloss":"vintage"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of realizar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ellos","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of podrán realizar","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of millonarios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"millonarios","lemma":"millonario","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to ellos","gloss":"millionaires"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciencia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciencia","lemma":"ciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial phrase modifying podrán realizar (accompanying circumstance)","gloss":"science"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking servicio","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of servicio","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"servicio","lemma":"servicio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of ciencia (a su servicio)","gloss":"service"},{"surface":"podrán","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of realizar","gloss":"will be able"},{"surface":"realizar","lemma":"realizar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying vendimia","gloss":"to carry out"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p20-s2","source":"Los dioses, asqueados de la realidad, perdida toda ilusión en la ciencia como factor de felicidad, rodeados de esclavos tigres, provocarán cataclismos espantosos, distribuirán las pestes fulminantes... Durante algunos decenios el trabajo de los superhombres y de sus servidores se concretará a destruir al hombre de mil formas, hasta agotar el mundo casi... y sólo un resto, un pequeño resto será aislado en algún islote, sobre el que se asentarán las bases de una nueva sociedad.","translation":"The gods, sickened by reality, all illusion in science as a factor of happiness lost, surrounded by tiger-slaves, will provoke ghastly cataclysms, will spread the lightning plagues... For a few decades the work of the supermen and their servants will narrow down to destroying man in a thousand ways, until the world is almost exhausted... and only a remnant, a small remnant, will be set apart on some islet, on which the foundations of a new society will be laid.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p20-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dioses","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"dioses","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of provocarán and distribuirán","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"asqueados","lemma":"asqueado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies dioses","gloss":"sickened"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking realidad","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of realidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of asqueados","gloss":"reality"},{"surface":"perdida","lemma":"perdido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"absolute participial clause (parenthetical), subject ilusión","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ilusión","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ilusión","lemma":"ilusión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of perdida (absolute clause)","gloss":"illusion"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciencia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciencia","lemma":"ciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ilusión","gloss":"science"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces phrase modifying ciencia (como factor)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"factor","lemma":"factor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of como, modifies ciencia","gloss":"factor"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking felicidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"felicidad","lemma":"felicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies factor","gloss":"happiness"},{"surface":"rodeados","lemma":"rodeado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies dioses","gloss":"surrounded"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esclavos","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"esclavos","lemma":"esclavo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of rodeados","gloss":"slaves"},{"surface":"tigres","lemma":"tigre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies esclavos (compound noun)","gloss":"tiger"},{"surface":"provocarán","lemma":"provocar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb, coordinated with distribuirán, subject dioses","gloss":"will provoke"},{"surface":"cataclismos","lemma":"cataclismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of provocarán","gloss":"cataclysms"},{"surface":"espantosos","lemma":"espantoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cataclismos","gloss":"ghastly"},{"surface":"distribuirán","lemma":"distribuir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb, coordinated with provocarán, subject dioses","gloss":"will spread"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of pestes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pestes","lemma":"peste","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of distribuirán","gloss":"plagues"},{"surface":"fulminantes","lemma":"fulminante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies pestes","gloss":"lightning"},{"surface":"Durante","lemma":"durante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking decenios","gloss":"For"},{"surface":"algunos","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of decenios","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"decenios","lemma":"decenio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of concretará","gloss":"decades"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of trabajo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"trabajo","lemma":"trabajo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of concretará","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking superhombres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of superhombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"superhombres","lemma":"superhombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies trabajo","gloss":"supermen"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking servidores","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of servidores","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"servidores","lemma":"servidor","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with superhombres","gloss":"servants"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of concretará","gloss":"itself","note":"se concretará a = 'concretarse a' idiom, 'will narrow/come down to'."},{"surface":"concretará","lemma":"concretar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will narrow down"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of destruir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"destruir","lemma":"destruir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of concretará","gloss":"destroying"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of destruir","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking formas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies formas","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"formas","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"adverbial modifier of destruir (manner)","gloss":"ways"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of agotar","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"agotar","lemma":"agotar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on destruir","gloss":"exhaust"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of agotar","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies agotar","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies resto","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of resto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"resto","lemma":"resto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to the second resto (subject of será aislado)","gloss":"remnant"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of resto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pequeño","lemma":"pequeño","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies resto","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"resto","lemma":"resto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of será aislado","gloss":"remnant"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of aislado","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"aislado","lemma":"aislar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the final clause (passive), subject resto","gloss":"set apart"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking islote","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"algún","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of islote","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"islote","lemma":"islote","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aislado","gloss":"islet"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of asentarán","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of asentarán","gloss":"itself","note":"se asentarán = passive 'se' construction, 'will be laid'."},{"surface":"asentarán","lemma":"asentar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause (passive), subject bases","gloss":"will be laid"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of bases","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bases","lemma":"base","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of asentarán","gloss":"foundations"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nueva","lemma":"nuevo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sociedad","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bases","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":43,"label":"21","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p21-s1","source":"Barsut se había puesto de pie.","translation":"Barsut had risen to his feet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p21-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of puesto","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of puesto","gloss":"himself","note":"ponerse de pie = idiom, 'to stand up / rise to one's feet'."},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of puesto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"puesto","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pie","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"pie","lemma":"pie","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of puesto","gloss":"foot"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p21-s2","source":"Con el entrecejo fiero, y las manos metidas en los bolsillos del pantalón, se encogió de hombros, preguntando:","translation":"With his brow set fierce, and his hands thrust into his trouser pockets, he shrugged his shoulders, asking:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p21-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"preguntando","title":"Gerund of accompanying action","body":"«Se encogió de hombros, preguntando» — the gerund «preguntando» ('asking') marks an action simultaneous with the main verb: he shrugged while asking. «Encogerse de hombros» = 'to shrug one's shoulders' (pronominal)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking entrecejo","gloss":"With"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of entrecejo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"entrecejo","lemma":"entrecejo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"brow"},{"surface":"fiero","lemma":"fiero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies entrecejo","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of metidas","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"metidas","lemma":"metido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies manos","gloss":"thrust"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bolsillos","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of bolsillos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bolsillos","lemma":"bolsillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of metidas","gloss":"pockets"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pantalón","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"pantalón","lemma":"pantalón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bolsillos","gloss":"trousers"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encogió","gloss":"himself","note":"encogerse de hombros = idiom, 'to shrug one's shoulders'."},{"surface":"encogió","lemma":"encoger","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject implied: he/Barsut)","gloss":"shrugged"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombros","gloss":"(of)"},{"surface":"hombros","lemma":"hombro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of encogió","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"preguntando","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on encogió","gloss":"asking"}]},{"number":45,"label":"22","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p22-s1","source":"–¿Pero es posible que usted crea en la realidad de esos disparates?","translation":"–But is it possible that you believe in the reality of this nonsense?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p22-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"crea","title":"Subjunctive after «es posible que»","body":"«Es posible que usted crea» = 'is it possible that you believe'. Expressions of possibility take the subjunctive «crea» (present subjunctive of «creer»), because what follows is not asserted as fact but raised as a possibility."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence (contrastive conjunction)","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to posible","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"posible","lemma":"posible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of crea","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of crea","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"crea","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"subject clause of posible (que usted crea...)","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking realidad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of realidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of crea","gloss":"reality"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking disparates","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of disparates","gloss":"those","note":"'esos disparates' is plural ('those absurdities'); the translation smooths it to singular 'this nonsense'."},{"surface":"disparates","lemma":"disparate","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies realidad","gloss":"nonsense"}]},{"number":46,"label":"23","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p23-s1","source":"–No, no son disparates, porque yo los cometería aunque fuera para divertirme.","translation":"–No, it isn't nonsense, because I would commit it even just to amuse myself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p23-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aunque fuera","title":"«aunque» + subjunctive = 'even if'","body":"«Aunque fuera para divertirme» = 'even if (it were) just to amuse myself'. «Aunque» with the imperfect subjunctive «fuera» expresses a hypothetical concession — 'even supposing it were only for fun'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"interjection, negative response","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates son","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to disparates","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"disparates","lemma":"disparate","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate nominal of son","gloss":"nonsense"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cometería","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of cometería","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of cometería","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"cometería","lemma":"cometer","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the porque-clause, subject yo","gloss":"would commit"},{"surface":"aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fuera","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on cometería","gloss":"were","note":"'aunque fuera para' is idiomatic here for 'even just to'."},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of divertirme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"divertirme","lemma":"divertir yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fuera","gloss":"amuse myself"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p23-s2","source":"Y continuó:","translation":"And he went on:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p23-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating conjunction linking to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"}]},{"number":48,"label":"24","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p24-s1","source":"–Desdichados hay que creer en ellos..., y eso es suficiente... Pero he aquí mi idea: esa sociedad se compondrá de dos castas, en las que habrá un intervalo... mejor dicho, una diferencia intelectual de treinta siglos.","translation":"–The wretched have to believe in it..., and that is enough... But here is my idea: that society will be made up of two castes, between which there will be a gap... or rather, an intellectual difference of thirty centuries.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p24-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se compondrá","title":"«componerse de» (pronominal)","body":"«Se compondrá de dos castas» = 'will be made up of two castes'. The pronominal «componerse de» = 'to be composed of / consist of'. The «se» makes the verb intransitive — the society 'composes itself' of these parts."}],"words":[{"surface":"Desdichados","lemma":"desdichado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"topic introducing the impersonal clause hay que creer","gloss":"The wretched"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have to"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the idiom hay que + infinitive (impersonal obligation)","gloss":"to","note":"hay que + infinitive = impersonal 'one must / it is necessary to'."},{"surface":"creer","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of hay que","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ellos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of creer","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of suficiente","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to suficiente","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"suficiente","lemma":"suficiente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective of es","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence (contrastive conjunction)","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the idiom he aquí (behold/here is)","gloss":"behold","note":"'he aquí' is a fixed archaic expression meaning 'here is / behold'."},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies he","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of idea","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of he","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of compondrá","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of compondrá","gloss":"itself","note":"se compondrá de = 'componerse de' idiom, 'to be made up of'."},{"surface":"compondrá","lemma":"componer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause, subject sociedad","gloss":"will be made up"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking castas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies castas","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"castas","lemma":"casta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of compondrá","gloss":"castes"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of habrá","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"habrá","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying castas","gloss":"there will be"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of intervalo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"intervalo","lemma":"intervalo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of habrá","gloss":"gap"},{"surface":"mejor","lemma":"mejor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dicho","gloss":"rather","note":"mejor dicho = idiom, 'or rather / that is to say'."},{"surface":"dicho","lemma":"dicho","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom mejor dicho (parenthetical)","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of diferencia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"diferencia","lemma":"diferencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to intervalo (restated via mejor dicho)","gloss":"difference"},{"surface":"intelectual","lemma":"intelectual","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies diferencia","gloss":"intellectual"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siglos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"treinta","lemma":"treinta","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies siglos","gloss":"thirty"},{"surface":"siglos","lemma":"siglo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies diferencia","gloss":"centuries"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p24-s2","source":"La mayoría vivirá mantenida escrupulosamente en la más absoluta ignorancia, circundada de milagros apócrifos, y por lo tanto mucho más interesantes que los milagros históricos, y la minoría será la depositaría absoluta de la ciencia y del poder.","translation":"The majority will live kept scrupulously in the most absolute ignorance, ringed about with apocryphal miracles, and therefore far more interesting than the historical miracles, and the minority will be the absolute custodian of science and power.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p24-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mayoría","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"mayoría","lemma":"mayoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of vivirá","gloss":"majority"},{"surface":"vivirá","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will live"},{"surface":"mantenida","lemma":"mantenido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of vivirá (resultative)","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"escrupulosamente","lemma":"escrupulosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mantenida","gloss":"scrupulously"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ignorancia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ignorancia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies absoluta","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"absoluta","lemma":"absoluto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ignorancia","gloss":"absolute"},{"surface":"ignorancia","lemma":"ignorancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mantenida","gloss":"ignorance"},{"surface":"circundada","lemma":"circundado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with mantenida (predicate complement of vivirá)","gloss":"ringed about"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking milagros","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"milagros","lemma":"milagro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of circundada","gloss":"miracles"},{"surface":"apócrifos","lemma":"apócrifo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies milagros","gloss":"apocryphal"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom por lo tanto (therefore)","gloss":"therefore","note":"'por lo tanto' is a fixed idiom meaning 'therefore'."},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies más","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies interesantes","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"interesantes","lemma":"interesante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies milagros (apócrifos)","gloss":"interesting"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison (más...que)","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of milagros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"milagros","lemma":"milagro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of interesantes","gloss":"miracles"},{"surface":"históricos","lemma":"histórico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies milagros","gloss":"historical"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of minoría","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"minoría","lemma":"minoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of depositaría","gloss":"minority"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to depositaría","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of depositaría","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"depositaría","lemma":"depositaría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate nominal of será","gloss":"custodian"},{"surface":"absoluta","lemma":"absoluto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies depositaría","gloss":"absolute"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciencia","lemma":"ciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies depositaría","gloss":"science"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poder","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"poder","lemma":"poder","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with ciencia","gloss":"power"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p24-s3","source":"De esa forma queda garantizada la felicidad de la mayoría, pues el hombre de esta casta tendrá relación con el mundo divino, en el cual hoy no cree.","translation":"In this way the happiness of the majority is guaranteed, since the man of this caste will have a relationship with the divine world, in which today he does not believe.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p24-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forma","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of queda","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"queda","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"garantizada","lemma":"garantizado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of queda (passive)","gloss":"guaranteed"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of felicidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"felicidad","lemma":"felicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of queda garantizada","gloss":"happiness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mayoría","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mayoría","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mayoría","lemma":"mayoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies felicidad","gloss":"majority"},{"surface":"pues","lemma":"pues","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tendrá","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tendrá","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casta","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"casta","lemma":"casta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"caste"},{"surface":"tendrá","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the pues-clause, subject hombre","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"relación","lemma":"relación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tendrá","gloss":"relationship"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies relación","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"divino","lemma":"divino","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cual","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cual","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cual","lemma":"cual","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of cree","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"hoy","lemma":"hoy","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cree","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cree","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"cree","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying mundo","gloss":"believes"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p24-s4","source":"La minoría administrará los placeres y los milagros para el rebaño, y la edad de oro, edad en la que los ángeles merodeaban por los caminos del crepúsculo y los dioses se dejaron ver en los claros de luna, será un hecho.","translation":"The minority will administer the pleasures and the miracles for the herd, and the golden age, the age in which the angels prowled the roads of dusk and the gods let themselves be seen in the moonlit clearings, will be a fact.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p24-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of minoría","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"minoría","lemma":"minoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of administrará","gloss":"minority"},{"surface":"administrará","lemma":"administrar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will administer"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of placeres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"placeres","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of administrará","gloss":"pleasures"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of milagros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"milagros","lemma":"milagro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with placeres","gloss":"miracles"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rebaño","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rebaño","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rebaño","lemma":"rebaño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of administrará","gloss":"herd"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of edad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"edad","lemma":"edad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of será","gloss":"age"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies edad","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"edad","lemma":"edad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to edad","gloss":"age"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun referring to edad, oblique complement of merodeaban","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ángeles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ángeles","lemma":"ángel","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of merodeaban","gloss":"angels"},{"surface":"merodeaban","lemma":"merodear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying edad","gloss":"prowled"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caminos","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of caminos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caminos","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of merodeaban","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crepúsculo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"crepúsculo","lemma":"crepúsculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies caminos","gloss":"dusk"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dioses","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dioses","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of dejaron","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dejaron","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"dejaron","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with merodeaban","gloss":"let","note":"'dejarse ver' is an idiom meaning 'to let oneself be seen', i.e. to appear."},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dejaron","gloss":"be seen"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking claros","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of claros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"claros","lemma":"claro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of dejaron","gloss":"clearings"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luna","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"luna","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies claros","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to hecho","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hecho","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of será","gloss":"fact"}]},{"number":52,"label":"25","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p25-s1","source":"–Pero eso es monstruoso en sí.","translation":"–But that is monstrous in itself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p25-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous statement","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to monstruoso","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"monstruoso","lemma":"monstruoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sí","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"modifies monstruoso","gloss":"itself"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p25-s2","source":"Eso no puede ser.","translation":"That cannot be.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p25-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ser","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puede","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of puede","gloss":"be"}]},{"number":54,"label":"26","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p26-s1","source":"–¿Por qué?","translation":"–Why?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p26-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"Why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p26-s2","source":"Yo sé que no puede ser, pero hay que proceder como si fuera factible.","translation":"I know it cannot be, but one must proceed as if it were feasible.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p26-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si fuera","title":"«como si» + imperfect subjunctive","body":"«Como si fuera factible» = 'as if it were feasible'. «Como si» ('as if') always takes the past (imperfect or pluperfect) subjunctive, regardless of the main tense, to mark a counterfactual comparison."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of sé","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clausal complement of sé","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puede","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the clausal complement of sé","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of puede","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sé","gloss":"one must","note":"'hay que' + infinitive is an impersonal idiom meaning 'one must' / 'it is necessary to'."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links hay to proceder","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"proceder","lemma":"proceder","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of hay que","gloss":"proceed"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of factible","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of factible","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to factible (adverbial clause modifying proceder)","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"factible","lemma":"factible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of fuera","gloss":"feasible"}]},{"number":56,"label":"27","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p27-s1","source":"–Esa desproporción... la ciencia...","translation":"–That disproportion... science...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p27-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of desproporción","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"desproporción","lemma":"desproporción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"disproportion"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciencia","lemma":"ciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to desproporción","gloss":"science"}]},{"number":57,"label":"28","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p28-s1","source":"–¡Qué ciencia ni ciencia!","translation":"–Science, my eye!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p28-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¡Qué ciencia ni ciencia!","title":"«¡Qué X ni X!» dismissive idiom","body":"«¡Qué ciencia ni ciencia!» is a fixed dismissive construction, «¡Qué X ni qué X!» — roughly 'Science, nothing!' or 'Science my eye!'. It scornfully waves away the word the other person just used."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of ciencia","gloss":"What","note":"'¡Qué X ni X!' is a dismissive exclamation, roughly 'X, my eye!' / 'so much for X'."},{"surface":"ciencia","lemma":"ciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"science"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ciencia","lemma":"ciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with ciencia","gloss":"science"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p28-s2","source":"¿Acaso usted sabe para qué sirve la ciencia?","translation":"Do you by any chance know what science is good for?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p28-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Acaso","lemma":"acaso","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sabe","gloss":"By any chance"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sirve","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of para (oblique complement of sirve)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"sirve","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the object clause, complement of sabe","gloss":"is for"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciencia","lemma":"ciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sirve","gloss":"science"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p28-s3","source":"¿Usted no se burla en su pensamiento de los sabios y los llama «infatuados de los perecedero»?","translation":"Don't you, in your own thinking, mock the learned and call them \"those puffed up over perishable things\"?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p28-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se burla","title":"Pronominal «burlarse de»","body":"«Burlarse de» = 'to make fun of / mock'. It is pronominal and takes «de» before its object: «se burla de los sabios» = 'he mocks the wise men'. The plain «burlar» (to deceive/dodge) means something different."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of burla","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies burla","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of burla","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"burla","lemma":"burlar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mock","note":"'burlarse de' = to mock/make fun of; the 'se' is part of the fixed pronominal verb, not a true reflexive action."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensamiento","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pensamiento","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"pensamiento","lemma":"pensamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of burla","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sabios","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sabios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sabios","lemma":"sabio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de (complement of burla)","gloss":"learned"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of llama","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"llama","lemma":"llamar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with burla","gloss":"calls"},{"surface":"infatuados","lemma":"infatuado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"object complement of llama","gloss":"puffed up"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking perecedero","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of perecedero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"perecedero","lemma":"perecedero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of infatuados","gloss":"perishable things","note":"'lo perecedero' (the perishable) is normally neuter singular; the plural article 'los' here likely reflects the Astrologer's mannered, quotation-styled phrase rather than a copying error."}]},{"number":60,"label":"29","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p29-s1","source":"–Veo que usted se ha leído esas pavadas.","translation":"–I see you've read that drivel.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p29-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Veo","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I see"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of leído","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of leído","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of leído","gloss":"self","note":"Here 'se' is the emphatic/aspectual reflexive common with leer, comer, etc. ('leerse algo' = to read something through); it has no separate English word."},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of leído","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"leído","lemma":"leer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Veo","gloss":"read"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of pavadas","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"pavadas","lemma":"pavada","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of leído","gloss":"drivel"}]},{"number":61,"label":"30","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s1","source":"–Claro.","translation":"–Of course.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Of course"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s2","source":"No hay que contradecir porque sí a la gente.","translation":"One must not contradict people just for the sake of it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies contradecir","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"one must"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links hay to contradecir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"contradecir","lemma":"contradecir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of hay que","gloss":"contradict"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the idiom 'porque sí', modifying contradecir","gloss":"just because","note":"'porque sí' is an idiom meaning 'just because' / 'for no particular reason', literally 'because yes'."},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb (idiom particle)","role":"part of the idiom 'porque sí', modifying contradecir","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal 'a' introducing the direct object gente","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of contradecir","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s3","source":"Y la desproporción monstruosa que usted advierte en mi sociedad existe actualmente en nuestra sociedad, pero a la inversa.","translation":"And the monstrous disproportion that you notice in my society exists right now in our own society, but in reverse.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of desproporción","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desproporción","lemma":"desproporción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of existe","gloss":"disproportion"},{"surface":"monstruosa","lemma":"monstruoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies desproporción","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of advierte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of advierte","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"advierte","lemma":"advertir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying desproporción","gloss":"notice"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of advierte","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"existe","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exists"},{"surface":"actualmente","lemma":"actualmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existe","gloss":"right now"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of existe","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the idiom 'a la inversa', modifying existe","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"part of the idiom 'a la inversa'","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"inversa","lemma":"inversa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the idiom 'a la inversa', modifies existe","gloss":"reverse"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s4","source":"Nuestros conocimientos, quiero decir nuestras mentiras metafísicas, están en pañales, mientras que nuestra ciencia es un gigante... y el hombre, criatura doliente, soporta en él este desequilibrio espantoso... De un lado lo sabe todo... del otro lo ignora todo.","translation":"Our knowledge, I mean our metaphysical lies, is in swaddling clothes, while our science is a giant... and man, a suffering creature, bears this dreadful imbalance within himself... On one side he knows everything... on the other he is ignorant of everything.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"en pañales","title":"«estar en pañales»","body":"«Estar en pañales» literally is 'to be in diapers/swaddling clothes'; idiomatically 'to be in its infancy / in a very primitive state'. Here our metaphysical knowledge is still infantile next to the giant of science."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nuestros","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of conocimientos","gloss":"Our"},{"surface":"conocimientos","lemma":"conocimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of están","gloss":"knowledge"},{"surface":"quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"parenthetical, idiom 'quiero decir' (I mean)","gloss":"I mean","note":"'quiero decir' = 'I mean' / 'that is to say', a set phrase (literally 'I want to say')."},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiero","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"nuestras","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mentiras","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"mentiras","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of decir","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"metafísicas","lemma":"metafísico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mentiras","gloss":"metaphysical"},{"surface":"están","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to pañales","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pañales","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"pañales","lemma":"pañal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of están (idiom: 'estar en pañales' = to be in its infancy)","gloss":"swaddling clothes","note":"'estar en pañales' is an idiom meaning 'to be in its infancy', literally 'to be in diapers/swaddling clothes'."},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the subordinating conjunction 'mientras que'","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the subordinating conjunction 'mientras que'","gloss":"(part of 'while')","note":"In the fixed contrastive conjunction 'mientras que' (while/whereas), 'que' carries no independent meaning here; it is not the complementizer/relative 'that' that its dictionary headword would suggest."},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciencia","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ciencia","lemma":"ciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"science"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to gigante","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gigante","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gigante","lemma":"gigante","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"predicate noun complement of es","gloss":"giant"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of soporta","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"criatura","lemma":"criatura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to hombre","gloss":"creature"},{"surface":"doliente","lemma":"doliente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies criatura","gloss":"suffering"},{"surface":"soporta","lemma":"soportar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with están","gloss":"bears"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of soporta","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of desequilibrio","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"desequilibrio","lemma":"desequilibrio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of soporta","gloss":"imbalance"},{"surface":"espantoso","lemma":"espantoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies desequilibrio","gloss":"frightful"},{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lado","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lado","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"lado","lemma":"lado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom 'de un lado', adverbial modifier of sabe","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sabe (doubled by todo)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sabe, doubling lo","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom 'del otro (lado)', adverbial modifier of ignora","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ignora (doubled by todo)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ignora","lemma":"ignorar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sabe","gloss":"is ignorant of"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ignora, doubling lo","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s5","source":"En mi sociedad la mentira metafísica, el conocimiento práctico de un dios maravilloso será el fin..., el todo que rellenará la ciencia de las cosas, inútil para la felicidad interior, será en nuestras manos un medio de dominio, nada más.","translation":"In my society the metaphysical lie, the practical knowledge of a marvelous god, will be the end..., the whole that fills out the science of things, useless for inner happiness; in our hands it will be a means of domination, nothing more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of será","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mentira","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of será","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"metafísica","lemma":"metafísico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mentira","gloss":"metaphysical"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of conocimiento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"conocimiento","lemma":"conocimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to mentira","gloss":"knowledge"},{"surface":"práctico","lemma":"práctico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies conocimiento","gloss":"practical"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dios","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dios","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies conocimiento","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"maravilloso","lemma":"maravilloso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dios","gloss":"marvelous"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to fin","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of todo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of será","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of rellenará","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"rellenará","lemma":"rellenar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying todo","gloss":"fills out"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciencia","lemma":"ciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of rellenará","gloss":"science"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cosas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ciencia","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"inútil","lemma":"inútil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies ciencia","gloss":"useless"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking felicidad","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of felicidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"felicidad","lemma":"felicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies inútil","gloss":"happiness"},{"surface":"interior","lemma":"interior","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies felicidad","gloss":"inner"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to medio","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nuestras","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of será","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of medio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"medio","lemma":"medio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun complement of será","gloss":"means"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dominio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dominio","lemma":"dominio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies medio","gloss":"domination"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"in apposition to medio, emphasizing nothing else","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s6","source":"Y no discutamos esto, porque es superfluo.","translation":"And let's not argue this, because it's superfluous.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no discutamos","title":"Negative «nosotros» command","body":"«No discutamos esto» = 'let's not argue this'. The «nosotros» imperative ('let's...') uses the present subjunctive form «discutamos»; in the negative the «no» simply precedes it. It's a hortative — the speaker including himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies discutamos","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"discutamos","lemma":"discutir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, plural (hortative)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let's argue"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of discutamos","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the adverbial clause on discutamos","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to superfluo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"superfluo","lemma":"superfluo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"superfluous"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s7","source":"Se ha inventado casi todo pero no ha inventado el hombre una máxima de gobierno que supere a los principios de un Cristo, un Buda.","translation":"Almost everything has been invented, but man has not invented a maxim of government that surpasses the principles of a Christ, a Buddha.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of inventado","gloss":"it","note":"'Se ha inventado' is a passive-reflexive construction meaning 'X has been invented' (impersonal passive)."},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of inventado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"inventado","lemma":"inventar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"been invented"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies todo","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of inventado (passive-reflexive 'se ha inventado'; matches the passive gloss 'been invented' given to w3)","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inventado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of inventado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"inventado","lemma":"inventar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with inventado","gloss":"invented"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of inventado","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of máxima","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"máxima","lemma":"máxima","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of inventado","gloss":"maxim"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gobierno","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gobierno","lemma":"gobierno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies máxima","gloss":"government"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of supere","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"supere","lemma":"superar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying máxima","gloss":"surpasses"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking principios","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of principios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"principios","lemma":"principio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of supere","gloss":"principles"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Cristo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Cristo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Cristo","lemma":"Cristo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies principios","gloss":"Christ"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buda","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Buda","lemma":"Buda","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Cristo, modifies principios","gloss":"Buddha"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s8","source":"No.","translation":"No.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"No"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s9","source":"Naturalmente, no le discutiré el derecho al escepticismo, pero el escepticismo es un lujo de minoría... Al resto le serviremos la felicidad bien cocinada y la humanidad engullirá gozosamente la divina bazofia.","translation":"Naturally, I won't dispute your right to skepticism, but skepticism is a luxury of the minority... To the rest we'll serve happiness nicely cooked, and humanity will gulp down the divine swill with delight.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p30-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Naturalmente","lemma":"naturalmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies discutiré","gloss":"Naturally"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies discutiré","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of discutiré","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"discutiré","lemma":"discutir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will dispute"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of derecho","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"derecho","lemma":"derecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of discutiré","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escepticismo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"escepticismo","lemma":"escepticismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies derecho","gloss":"skepticism"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of escepticismo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"escepticismo","lemma":"escepticismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"skepticism"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to lujo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lujo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lujo","lemma":"lujo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun complement of es","gloss":"luxury"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking minoría","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"minoría","lemma":"minoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lujo","gloss":"the minority"},{"surface":"Al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking resto","gloss":"To the"},{"surface":"resto","lemma":"resto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of serviremos","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of serviremos","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"serviremos","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll serve"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of felicidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"felicidad","lemma":"felicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of serviremos","gloss":"happiness"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cocinada","gloss":"nicely"},{"surface":"cocinada","lemma":"cocinado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies felicidad","gloss":"cooked"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of humanidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"humanidad","lemma":"humanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of engullirá","gloss":"humanity"},{"surface":"engullirá","lemma":"engullir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with serviremos","gloss":"will gulp down"},{"surface":"gozosamente","lemma":"gozosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies engullirá","gloss":"with delight"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bazofia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"divina","lemma":"divino","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bazofia","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"bazofia","lemma":"bazofia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of engullirá","gloss":"swill"}]},{"number":70,"label":"31","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p31-s1","source":"–¿Le parece a usted posible?","translation":"–Does it seem possible to you?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p31-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parece (doubled by a usted)","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"indirect object of parece (doubling le)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"posible","lemma":"posible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective complement of parece","gloss":"possible"}]},{"number":71,"label":"32","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p32-s1","source":"El Astrólogo se detuvo un momento.","translation":"The Astrologer stopped for a moment.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p32-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of detuvo","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of detuvo","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"detuvo","lemma":"detener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of detuvo (duration)","gloss":"moment"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p32-s2","source":"Ahora hacía girar el anillo de acero con la piedra violeta, se lo quitó del dedo para observar su interior; luego, acercándose a Barsut, pero con un gesto de extrañeza, como el de un hombre cuya imaginación está distante de la realidad, repuso:","translation":"Now he was turning the steel ring with the violet stone, he slipped it off his finger to look inside it; then, drawing closer to Barsut, but with a gesture of strangeness, like that of a man whose imagination is far from reality, he replied:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p32-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"repuso","title":"Preterite «repuso» (to reply)","body":"«Repuso» is the irregular preterite of «reponer» here in its sense 'to reply / retort' (as a verb of speech). The same form also means 'he replaced/restored' from «reponer»; context — a line of dialogue — fixes it as 'he answered'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hacía","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was making"},{"surface":"girar","lemma":"girar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacía","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of anillo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"anillo","lemma":"anillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hacía; logical subject of girar","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"acero","lemma":"acero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies anillo","gloss":"steel"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piedra","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piedra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piedra","lemma":"piedra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of con, modifies anillo","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"violeta","lemma":"violeta","morphology":"adjective, invariable","role":"modifies piedra","gloss":"violet","note":"Color adjective 'violeta' is invariable and does not agree in gender/number; the tagger mistook it for a proper noun."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"indirect object of quitó","gloss":"himself","note":"'quitarse' = to take off (from oneself); se marks the reflexive 'from himself.'"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of quitó","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"quitó","lemma":"quitar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of coordinate clause (with hacía)","gloss":"took off"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedo","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"dedo","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of quitó","gloss":"finger"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of observar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"observar","lemma":"observar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on quitó","gloss":"look at"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of interior","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"interior","lemma":"interior","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of observar","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies repuso","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"acercándose","lemma":"acercarse","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on repuso","gloss":"drawing closer"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"complement of acercándose (object of a)","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gesto","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gesto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gesto","lemma":"gesto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of repuso","gloss":"gesture"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking extrañeza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"extrañeza","lemma":"extrañeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gesto","gloss":"strangeness"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of el","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"stands for gesto (demonstrative pronoun)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de (modifies el)","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"cuya","lemma":"cuyo","morphology":"relative pronoun, possessive, feminine, singular","role":"possessive relative determiner of imaginación (refers back to hombre)","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"imaginación","lemma":"imaginación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"imagination"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to distante","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"distante","lemma":"distante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective of está","gloss":"distant"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking realidad","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of realidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of distante (object of de)","gloss":"reality"},{"surface":"repuso","lemma":"reponer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"replied"}]},{"number":73,"label":"33","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p33-s1","source":"–Sí, todo lo que imagina la mente del hombre puede ser realizado dentro de los tiempos.","translation":"–Yes, everything the mind of man imagines can be realized in time.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p33-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"affirmative response, independent","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"quantifier modifying lo (with que)","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms 'lo que' with que; object of imagina","gloss":"that (which)"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun, direct object of imagina","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"imagina","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of relative clause modifying 'todo lo' (subject of puede)","gloss":"imagines"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mente","lemma":"mente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of imagina","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mente","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of realizado","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of realizado","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"realizado","lemma":"realizar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realized"},{"surface":"dentro","lemma":"dentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the compound preposition 'dentro de,' modifies realizado","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiempos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tiempos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiempos","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of dentro","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p33-s2","source":"¿No ha impuesto ya Mussolini la enseñanza religiosa en Italia?","translation":"Has not Mussolini already imposed religious instruction in Italy?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p33-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies impuesto","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of impuesto","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"impuesto","lemma":"imponer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imposed"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies impuesto","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"Mussolini","lemma":"Mussolini","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of impuesto","gloss":"Mussolini"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of enseñanza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"enseñanza","lemma":"enseñanza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of impuesto","gloss":"instruction"},{"surface":"religiosa","lemma":"religioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies enseñanza","gloss":"religious"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Italia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Italia","lemma":"Italia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of impuesto","gloss":"Italy"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p33-s3","source":"Le cito esto como una prueba de la eficacia del bastón en la espalda de los pueblos.","translation":"I cite this to you as proof of the effectiveness of the stick on the people's back.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p33-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of cito","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"cito","lemma":"citar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cite"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of cito","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of prueba","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of prueba","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"prueba","lemma":"prueba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cito","gloss":"proof"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eficacia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of eficacia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eficacia","lemma":"eficacia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies prueba","gloss":"effectiveness"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bastón","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"bastón","lemma":"bastón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies eficacia","gloss":"stick"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espalda","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of espalda","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espalda","lemma":"espalda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bastón","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pueblos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pueblos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pueblos","lemma":"pueblo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies espalda","gloss":"peoples"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p33-s4","source":"La cuestión es apoderarse del alma de una generación... El resto se hace solo.","translation":"The thing is to seize hold of the soul of a generation... The rest takes care of itself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p33-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se hace solo","title":"«hacerse solo» = 'to take care of itself'","body":"«El resto se hace solo» = 'the rest does itself / takes care of itself'. The pronominal «hacerse» with «solo» expresses that something happens on its own, without further effort."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cuestión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cuestión","lemma":"cuestión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"apoderarse","lemma":"apoderarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"to seize"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alma","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoderarse","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking generación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of generación","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"generación","lemma":"generación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"generation"},{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of resto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"resto","lemma":"resto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hace","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of hace","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"takes care","note":"'Se hace solo' is an idiom meaning 'it takes care of itself / sorts itself out.'"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of hace (by itself)","gloss":"by itself"}]},{"number":77,"label":"34","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p34-s1","source":"–¿Y la idea?","translation":"–And the idea?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p34-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of idea","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"idea"}]},{"number":78,"label":"35","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p35-s1","source":"–Aquí llegamos... Mi idea es organizar una sociedad secreta, que no tan sólo propague mis ideas, sino que sea una escuela de futuros reyes de hombres.","translation":"–Here we arrive... My idea is to organize a secret society that will not merely spread my ideas, but be a school for future kings of men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p35-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que no... propague, sino que sea","title":"Subjunctive in a purpose/relative clause","body":"After «una sociedad secreta que...» both verbs go to the subjunctive — «propague» and «sea» — because the society is desired/hypothetical, not yet real. «No tan sólo... sino que...» = 'not only... but rather...'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegamos","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"llegamos","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the independent clause 'Aquí llegamos'","gloss":"we arrive"},{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of idea","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"organizar","lemma":"organizar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"to organize"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of organizar","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"secreta","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sociedad","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of propague","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies propague","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tan","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase 'tan sólo,' modifies propague","gloss":"merely"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase tan","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"propague","lemma":"propagar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying sociedad","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"mis","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ideas","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ideas","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of propague","gloss":"ideas"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase sino","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sea","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to escuela","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of escuela","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"escuela","lemma":"escuela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sea","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking reyes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"futuros","lemma":"futuro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies reyes","gloss":"future"},{"surface":"reyes","lemma":"rey","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de (modifies escuela)","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies reyes","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p35-s2","source":"Ya sé que usted me dirá que han existido numerosas sociedades secretas... y es cierto..., todas desaparecieron porque carecían de bases sólidas, es decir, que se apoyaban en un sentimiento en una idealidad política o religiosa, con exclusión de toda realidad inmediata.","translation":"I know you'll tell me that numerous secret societies have existed... and that's true..., they all vanished because they lacked solid foundations, that is, they rested on a sentiment, on a political or religious ideal, to the exclusion of all immediate reality.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p35-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dirá","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of dirá","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dirá","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"dirá","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sé","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of existido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of existido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"existido","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of dirá","gloss":"existed"},{"surface":"numerosas","lemma":"numeroso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies sociedades","gloss":"numerous"},{"surface":"sociedades","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of existido","gloss":"societies"},{"surface":"secretas","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies sociedades","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cierto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of es (clause coordinated with the previous one)","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of desaparecieron","gloss":"all (of them)"},{"surface":"desaparecieron","lemma":"desaparecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of an independent clause","gloss":"vanished"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of carecían","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"carecían","lemma":"carecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on desaparecieron","gloss":"lacked"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bases","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bases","lemma":"base","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"object of de (complement of carecían)","gloss":"foundations"},{"surface":"sólidas","lemma":"sólido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies bases","gloss":"solid"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"part of the fixed phrase 'es decir' (that is)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"part of the phrase es","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of apoyaban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of apoyaban","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"apoyaban","lemma":"apoyar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause explaining 'es decir' (parallel to carecían)","gloss":"rested"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sentimiento","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sentimiento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sentimiento","lemma":"sentimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyaban","gloss":"sentiment"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking idealidad","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of idealidad","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"idealidad","lemma":"idealidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyaban (coordinate with sentimiento)","gloss":"ideal"},{"surface":"política","lemma":"político","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies idealidad","gloss":"political"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"religiosa","lemma":"religioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with política","gloss":"religious"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking exclusión","gloss":"with","note":"'Con' means 'with'; it heads the phrase 'con exclusión de,' which as a whole corresponds to English 'to the exclusion of' — but glossing the isolated word 'con' as 'to' misstates its actual meaning."},{"surface":"exclusión","lemma":"exclusión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyaban (coordinate with sentimiento, idealidad), not a modifier of idealidad","gloss":"exclusion"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking realidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of realidad","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies exclusión","gloss":"reality"},{"surface":"inmediata","lemma":"inmediato","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies realidad","gloss":"immediate"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p35-s3","source":"En cambio, nuestra sociedad se basará en un principio más sólido y moderno: el industrialismo, es decir, que la logia tendrá un elemento de fantasía, si así se quiere llamar a todo lo que le he dicho, y otro elemento positivo: la industria, que dará como consecuencia el oro.","translation":"Ours, on the other hand, will be based on a more solid and modern principle: industrialism; that is, the lodge will have an element of fantasy, if that's what one wants to call everything I've told you, and another, positive element: industry, which will yield gold as its result.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p35-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la logia","title":"«la logia»","body":"«La logia» is a lodge — the chapter or meeting-house of a secret or fraternal order (as in a Masonic lodge). The Astrologer borrows the term for his conspiratorial society."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the fixed phrase 'en cambio' (on the other hand), modifies basará","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"cambio","lemma":"cambio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase En","gloss":"the other hand"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of basará","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of basará","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"basará","lemma":"basar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be based"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking principio","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of principio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"principio","lemma":"principio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of en (complement of basará)","gloss":"principle"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sólido","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"sólido","lemma":"sólido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies principio","gloss":"solid"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"moderno","lemma":"moderno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with sólido","gloss":"modern"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of industrialismo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"industrialismo","lemma":"industrialismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to principio","gloss":"industrialism"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"part of the fixed phrase 'es decir'","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"part of the phrase es","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tendrá","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of logia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"logia","lemma":"logia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tendrá","gloss":"lodge"},{"surface":"tendrá","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by 'es decir'","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of elemento","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"elemento","lemma":"elemento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tendrá","gloss":"element"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fantasía","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fantasía","lemma":"fantasía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies elemento","gloss":"fantasy"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quiere","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quiere","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"impersonal reflexive particle of quiere","gloss":"one","note":"Impersonal 'se': 'se quiere llamar' = 'people want to call it.'"},{"surface":"quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"conditional clause modifying 'elemento de fantasía'","gloss":"wants"},{"surface":"llamar","lemma":"llamar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiere","gloss":"to call"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks the direct object of llamar (personal a)","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lo","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms 'lo que' with que (direct object of dicho, with todo)","gloss":"that (which)"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun, direct object of dicho","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dicho","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dicho","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"dicho","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (modifies 'lo que')","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of elemento","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"elemento","lemma":"elemento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tendrá (coordinated with the elemento above)","gloss":"element"},{"surface":"positivo","lemma":"positivo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies elemento","gloss":"positive"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of industria","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"industria","lemma":"industria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to elemento","gloss":"industry"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of dará","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"dará","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying industria","gloss":"will yield"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of consecuencia","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"consecuencia","lemma":"consecuencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dará","gloss":"result"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dará","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":81,"label":"36","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p36-s1","source":"El tono de su voz se hizo más bronco.","translation":"The tone of his voice grew hoarser.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p36-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tono","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tono","lemma":"tono","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hizo","gloss":"tone"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voz","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of voz","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"voz","lemma":"voz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tono","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of hizo","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"hizo","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bronco","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"bronco","lemma":"bronco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of hizo (with se)","gloss":"hoarse"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p36-s2","source":"Una ráfaga de ferocidad ponía cierta desviación de astigmatismo en su mirada.","translation":"A gust of ferocity put a kind of astigmatic skew into his gaze.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p36-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ráfaga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ráfaga","lemma":"ráfaga","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ponía","gloss":"gust"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ferocidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ferocidad","lemma":"ferocidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ráfaga","gloss":"ferocity"},{"surface":"ponía","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"cierta","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of desviación","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"desviación","lemma":"desviación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ponía","gloss":"deviation"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking astigmatismo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"astigmatismo","lemma":"astigmatismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies desviación","gloss":"astigmatism"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mirada","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ponía","gloss":"gaze"}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p36-s3","source":"Movió la greñuda cabeza a diestra y siniestra, como si le punzara el cerebro la agudeza de una emoción extraordinaria, apoyó las manos en los riñones y reanudando el ir y venir, repitió:","translation":"He moved his shaggy head right and left, as if the keenness of an extraordinary emotion were stabbing his brain, propped his hands on the small of his back and, taking up the pacing again, repeated:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p36-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si le punzara","title":"«como si» + imperfect subjunctive","body":"«Como si le punzara el cerebro» = 'as if it were stabbing his brain'. Again «como si» forces the imperfect subjunctive «punzara» to mark a comparison that is only figurative."}],"words":[{"surface":"Movió","lemma":"mover","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"greñuda","lemma":"greñudo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cabeza","gloss":"shaggy"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Movió","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diestra","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"diestra","lemma":"diestra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the fixed phrase 'a diestra y siniestra' (oblique complement of Movió)","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"siniestra","lemma":"siniestro","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with diestra","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of punzara","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of punzara","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of punzara","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"punzara","lemma":"punzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial 'como si' clause on Movió","gloss":"were stabbing"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cerebro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cerebro","lemma":"cerebro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of punzara","gloss":"brain"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of agudeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"agudeza","lemma":"agudeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of punzara","gloss":"keenness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking emoción","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of emoción","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"emoción","lemma":"emoción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies agudeza","gloss":"emotion"},{"surface":"extraordinaria","lemma":"extraordinario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies emoción","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"apoyó","lemma":"apoyar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinate main verb (with Movió)","gloss":"propped"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of apoyó","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking riñones","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of riñones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"riñones","lemma":"riñón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of apoyó","gloss":"lower back","note":"'Riñones' literally means 'kidneys'; used idiomatically for the small of the back."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"reanudando","lemma":"reanudar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with apoyó","gloss":"resuming"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ir","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ir","lemma":"ir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of reanudando","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"venir","lemma":"venir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with ir","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"repitió","lemma":"repetir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinate main verb (with Movió)","gloss":"repeated"}]},{"number":84,"label":"37","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s1","source":"–¡Ah! el oro... el oro... ¿Sabe cómo lo llamaban los antiguos germanos al oro?","translation":"–Ah! gold... gold... Do you know what the ancient Germans used to call gold?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation, independent","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to oro","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of an independent clause (question)","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of llamaban","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of llamaban","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"llamaban","lemma":"llamar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of Sabe","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of germanos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"antiguos","lemma":"antiguo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies germanos","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"germanos","lemma":"germano","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of llamaban","gloss":"Germans"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks the resumptive direct object of llamaban (doubles lo)","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"resumptive direct object of llamaban (doubles lo)","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s2","source":"El oro rojo... el oro... ¿Se da cuenta usted?","translation":"Red gold... gold... Do you realize?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿Se da cuenta?","title":"«darse cuenta (de)»","body":"«Darse cuenta (de)» = 'to realize / become aware (of)'. «¿Se da cuenta?» = 'Do you realize?'. It's pronominal; don't confuse it with «dar cuenta de» (to give an account of)."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of an exclamatory fragment (independent)","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"rojo","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oro","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to oro","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of da, part of the idiom 'darse cuenta'","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realize","note":"'Darse cuenta (de)' = 'to realize/notice'; the idiom spans se...da...cuenta."},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with da","gloss":"realize"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of da","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s3","source":"No abra la boca.","translation":"Don't open your mouth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abra","gloss":"Don't"},{"surface":"abra","lemma":"abrir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular (used as negative formal imperative)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of boca","gloss":"your","note":"Spanish uses the definite article with body parts where English uses a possessive: 'la boca' = 'your mouth.'"},{"surface":"boca","lemma":"boca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of abra","gloss":"mouth"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s4","source":"Satanás.","translation":"Satan.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Satanás","lemma":"Satanás","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Satan"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s5","source":"Dése cuenta, jamás, jamás ninguna sociedad secreta trató de efectuar una tal amalgama.","translation":"Realize it: never, never did any secret society try to bring off such an amalgam.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dése","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted), third-person, singular, with attached reflexive pronoun se","role":"main verb of the imperative clause; forms the idiom darse cuenta with cuenta","gloss":"Realize","note":"«Darse cuenta» is an idiom meaning 'to realize' — literally 'to give oneself an account.' Dése is the formal (usted) imperative, with the reflexive se attached."},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with Dése","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"jamás","lemma":"jamás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trató (repeated for emphasis)","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"jamás","lemma":"jamás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trató","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ninguna","lemma":"ninguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of trató","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"secreta","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sociedad","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"trató","lemma":"tratar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of efectuar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"efectuar","lemma":"efectuar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of trató","gloss":"bring off"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of amalgama","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"modifies amalgama (together with una)","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"amalgama","lemma":"amalgama","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of efectuar","gloss":"amalgam"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s6","source":"El dinero será la soldadura y el lastre que le concederá a las ideas el peso y la violencia necesarias para arrastrar a los hombres.","translation":"Money will be the solder and the ballast that lends ideas the weight and the violence needed to drag men along.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of será","gloss":"Money"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to soldadura","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of soldadura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soldadura","lemma":"soldadura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of será","gloss":"solder"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lastre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lastre","lemma":"lastre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with soldadura","gloss":"ballast"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of concederá","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of concederá (redundant, doubling a las ideas)","gloss":"(to) them","note":"le is a redundant dative pronoun anticipating 'a las ideas' later in the clause — clitic doubling."},{"surface":"concederá","lemma":"conceder","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying soldadura and lastre (via que)","gloss":"lends"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ideas","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ideas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ideas","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"indirect object of concederá (via a)","gloss":"ideas"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"peso","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of concederá","gloss":"weight"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of violencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"violencia","lemma":"violencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with peso","gloss":"violence"},{"surface":"necesarias","lemma":"necesario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies peso and violencia (plural agreement)","gloss":"needed"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of arrastrar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"arrastrar","lemma":"arrastrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose clause modifying necesarias","gloss":"drag"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombres","gloss":"(personal a)","note":"untranslatable marker before a human direct object."},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of arrastrar","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s7","source":"Nos dirigiremos en especial a las juventudes, porque son más estúpidas y entusiastas.","translation":"We will address ourselves especially to the young, because they are more stupid and enthusiastic.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dirigiremos","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"dirigiremos","lemma":"dirigir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will address"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en especial (fixed expression meaning 'especially')","gloss":"especially","note":"en especial is a fixed phrase meaning 'especially, in particular.'"},{"surface":"especial","lemma":"especial","morphology":"adjective","role":"part of the phrase en especial","gloss":"special"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement of dirigiremos (dirigirse a = to address oneself to)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of juventudes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"juventudes","lemma":"juventud","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"complement of dirigiremos, introduced by a","gloss":"young people"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estúpidas","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to estúpidas","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estúpidas","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"estúpidas","lemma":"estúpido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of son","gloss":"stupid"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entusiastas","lemma":"entusiasta","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with estúpidas","gloss":"enthusiastic"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s8","source":"Les prometeremos el imperio del mundo y del amor... Les prometeremos todo... ¿me comprende usted?... y les daremos uniformes vistosos, túnicas esplendentes... capacetes con plumajes de variados colores... pedrerías... grados de iniciación con nombres hermosos y jerarquías... Y allá en la montaña levantaremos el templo de cartón... Eso será para imprimir una cinta... No.","translation":"We will promise them the empire of the world and of love... We will promise them everything... do you understand me?... and we will give them showy uniforms, resplendent tunics... helmets with plumes of varied colors... gemstones... grades of initiation with beautiful names and hierarchies... And up there in the mountains we will raise the cardboard temple... That will be in order to print a film reel... No.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Les prometeremos","title":"The indirect object «les»","body":"«Les prometeremos el imperio» — «les» is the indirect-object pronoun, 'to them': 'we will promise them the empire'. With «prometer» the thing promised is the direct object and the person is marked by «le/les»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of prometeremos","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"prometeremos","lemma":"prometer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will promise"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of imperio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"imperio","lemma":"imperio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of prometeremos","gloss":"empire"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies imperio","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amor","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with mundo","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"Les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of prometeremos","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"prometeremos","lemma":"prometer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the following clause (elliptical repetition of prometeremos)","gloss":"will promise"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of prometeremos","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of comprende","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"comprende","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the parenthetical question ¿me comprende usted?","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of comprende","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of daremos","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"daremos","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with prometeremos","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"uniformes","lemma":"uniforme","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of daremos","gloss":"uniforms"},{"surface":"vistosos","lemma":"vistoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies uniformes","gloss":"showy"},{"surface":"túnicas","lemma":"túnica","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of daremos (coordinated with uniformes)","gloss":"tunics"},{"surface":"esplendentes","lemma":"esplendente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies túnicas","gloss":"resplendent"},{"surface":"capacetes","lemma":"capacete","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of daremos","gloss":"helmets"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plumajes","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"plumajes","lemma":"plumaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies capacetes","gloss":"plumes"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking colores","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"variados","lemma":"variado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies colores","gloss":"varied"},{"surface":"colores","lemma":"color","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies plumajes","gloss":"colors"},{"surface":"pedrerías","lemma":"pedrería","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of daremos (coordinated with uniformes)","gloss":"gemstones"},{"surface":"grados","lemma":"grado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of daremos (coordinated with uniformes)","gloss":"grades"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking iniciación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"iniciación","lemma":"iniciación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies grados","gloss":"initiation"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nombres","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"nombres","lemma":"nombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies grados","gloss":"names"},{"surface":"hermosos","lemma":"hermoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies nombres","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jerarquías","lemma":"jerarquía","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with nombres","gloss":"hierarchies"},{"surface":"Y","lemma":"Y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies levantaremos","gloss":"up there"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montaña","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of montaña","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montaña","lemma":"montaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of levantaremos","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"levantaremos","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the clause, coordinated with the daremos clause via Y","gloss":"will raise"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of templo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"templo","lemma":"templo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of levantaremos","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cartón","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cartón","lemma":"cartón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies templo","gloss":"cardboard"},{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of será","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of imprimir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"imprimir","lemma":"imprimir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on será","gloss":"print"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cinta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cinta","lemma":"cinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of imprimir","gloss":"film reel"},{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"No"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s9","source":"Cuando hayamos triunfado levantaremos el templo de las siete puertas de oro...","translation":"Once we have triumphed we will raise the temple of the seven golden gates...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p37-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Cuando hayamos triunfado","title":"«cuando» + present perfect subjunctive","body":"«Cuando hayamos triunfado» = 'once we have triumphed'. A future time clause with «cuando» takes the subjunctive; here «hayamos triunfado» is the present perfect subjunctive (pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo), marking an action to be completed before the main verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of triunfado","gloss":"Once"},{"surface":"hayamos","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of triunfado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"triunfado","lemma":"triunfar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on levantaremos","gloss":"triumphed"},{"surface":"levantaremos","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will raise"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of templo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"templo","lemma":"templo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of levantaremos","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puertas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of puertas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"siete","lemma":"siete","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies puertas","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"puertas","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies templo","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies puertas","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":93,"label":"38","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p38-s1","source":"Tendrá columnas de mármol rosado y los caminos para llegar a él estarán enarenados con granos de cobre.","translation":"It will have columns of pink marble, and the paths leading to it will be sanded with grains of copper.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p38-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tendrá","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"columnas","lemma":"columna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Tendrá","gloss":"columns"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mármol","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mármol","lemma":"mármol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies columnas","gloss":"marble"},{"surface":"rosado","lemma":"rosado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mármol","gloss":"pink"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of caminos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caminos","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of estarán enarenados (second coordinated clause)","gloss":"paths"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of llegar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"llegar","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose clause modifying caminos","gloss":"arrive"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"object of the preposition a, complement of llegar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"estarán","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to enarenados","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"enarenados","lemma":"enarenado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of estarán","gloss":"sanded"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking granos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"granos","lemma":"grano","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of enarenados","gloss":"grains"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cobre","lemma":"cobre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies granos","gloss":"copper"}]},{"number":94,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p38-s2","source":"En torno construiremos jardines... y allá irá la humanidad a adorar el dios vivo que hemos inventado.","translation":"Around it we will build gardens... and there humanity will go to worship the living god we have invented.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p38-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en torno (fixed expression meaning 'around')","gloss":"Around","note":"'en torno' is a fixed adverbial phrase meaning 'around, round about.'"},{"surface":"torno","lemma":"torno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase en torno","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"construiremos","lemma":"construir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will build"},{"surface":"jardines","lemma":"jardín","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of construiremos","gloss":"gardens"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies irá","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"irá","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with construiremos","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of humanidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"humanidad","lemma":"humanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of irá","gloss":"humanity"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of adorar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"adorar","lemma":"adorar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on irá","gloss":"worship"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of adorar","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"vivo","lemma":"vivo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dios","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of inventado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hemos","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of inventado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"inventado","lemma":"inventar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying dios (via que)","gloss":"invented"}]},{"number":95,"label":"39","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p39-s1","source":"–Pero el dinero..., el dinero para hacer todo eso..., los millones...","translation":"–But the money..., the money to do all that..., the millions...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p39-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence (contrastive discourse marker)","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to dinero","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying dinero","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of eso","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of millones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"millones","lemma":"millón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to dinero","gloss":"millions"}]},{"number":96,"label":"40","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p40-s1","source":"A medida que el Astrólogo hablaba, el entusiasmo de éste se contagiaba a Erdosain.","translation":"As the Astrologer spoke, his enthusiasm spread to Erdosain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p40-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"A medida que","title":"«a medida que» = 'as / in proportion as'","body":"«A medida que el Astrólogo hablaba» = 'as the Astrologer spoke'. «A medida que» introduces two developments unfolding together — 'the more... the more', 'as one thing happened, so did another'."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hablaba","gloss":"As","note":"'A medida que' is a fixed phrase meaning 'as, in step with' — literally 'to the measure that.'"},{"surface":"medida","lemma":"medida","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase A","gloss":"measure"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase A","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of hablaba","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"hablaba","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on contagiaba","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of entusiasmo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"entusiasmo","lemma":"entusiasmo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of contagiaba","gloss":"enthusiasm"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking éste","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, possessor modifying entusiasmo","gloss":"his","note":"éste ('this one') refers back to the Astrólogo; rendered as 'his' in translation."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of contagiaba","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"contagiaba","lemma":"contagiar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of contagiaba","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p40-s2","source":"Se había olvidado de Barsut, aunque éste se encontraba frente a él.","translation":"He had forgotten about Barsut, even though the latter stood facing him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p40-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of olvidado","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of olvidado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"olvidado","lemma":"olvidar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forgotten"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of the preposition de, complement of olvidado","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of encontraba","gloss":"even though"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of encontraba","gloss":"the latter"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encontraba","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"encontraba","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on olvidado","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase frente a, marking él","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase frente a, marking él","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encontraba","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p40-s3","source":"Sin poderlo evitar, evocaba una tierra de posible renovación.","translation":"Unable to help it, he was conjuring up a land of possible renewal.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p40-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sin poderlo evitar","title":"«sin poder» + infinitive","body":"«Sin poderlo evitar» = 'without being able to avoid it', i.e. 'unable to help it'. «Sin» + infinitive forms a negative adverbial; the object pronoun «lo» attaches to the infinitive «poder...evitar»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of evitar","gloss":"Without"},{"surface":"poderlo","lemma":"poder él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of evitar","gloss":"able","note":"poderlo = poder + the clitic lo, whose antecedent is the following evitar (clitic climbing: poderlo evitar = poder evitarlo)."},{"surface":"evitar","lemma":"evitar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of poder (poderlo evitar)","gloss":"avoid"},{"surface":"evocaba","lemma":"evocar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was conjuring up"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tierra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of evocaba","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking renovación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"posible","lemma":"posible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies renovación","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"renovación","lemma":"renovación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tierra","gloss":"renewal"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p40-s4","source":"La humanidad viviría en perpetua fiesta de simplicidad, ramilletes de estroncio tachonarían la noche de cascadas de estrellas rojas, un ángel de alas verdosas soslayaría la cresta de una nube, y bajo las botánicas arcadas de los bosques se deslizarían hombres y mujeres, envueltos en túnicas blancas, y limpio el corazón de la inmundicia que a él lo apestaba.","translation":"Humanity would live in a perpetual festival of simplicity, sprays of strontium would stud the night with cascades of red stars, an angel with greenish wings would skirt the crest of a cloud, and beneath the botanical arches of the woods men and women would glide along, wrapped in white tunics, their hearts clean of the filth that sickened him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p40-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"viviría / tachonarían","title":"Conditional for an imagined vision","body":"The chain of conditionals — «viviría», «tachonarían», «soslayaría», «se deslizarían» — renders Erdosain's daydream: 'humanity would live... would stud... would glide'. The conditional paints a hypothetical, projected scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of humanidad","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"humanidad","lemma":"humanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of viviría","gloss":"Humanity"},{"surface":"viviría","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would live"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fiesta","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"perpetua","lemma":"perpetua","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fiesta","gloss":"perpetual"},{"surface":"fiesta","lemma":"fiesta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of the preposition en, oblique complement of viviría","gloss":"festival"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking simplicidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"simplicidad","lemma":"simplicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fiesta","gloss":"simplicity"},{"surface":"ramilletes","lemma":"ramillete","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of tachonarían","gloss":"sprays"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estroncio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"estroncio","lemma":"estroncio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ramilletes","gloss":"strontium"},{"surface":"tachonarían","lemma":"tachonar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the clause (subject: ramilletes)","gloss":"would stud"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tachonarían","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cascadas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"cascadas","lemma":"cascada","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies noche","gloss":"cascades"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estrellas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"estrellas","lemma":"estrella","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cascadas","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"rojas","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies estrellas","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ángel","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"ángel","lemma":"ángel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of soslayaría","gloss":"angel"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"alas","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ángel","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"verdosas","lemma":"verdoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies alas","gloss":"greenish"},{"surface":"soslayaría","lemma":"soslayar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause (subject: ángel)","gloss":"would skirt"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cresta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cresta","lemma":"cresta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of soslayaría","gloss":"crest"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nube","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nube","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nube","lemma":"nube","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cresta","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arcadas","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of arcadas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"botánicas","lemma":"botánico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies arcadas","gloss":"botanical"},{"surface":"arcadas","lemma":"arcada","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of the preposition bajo","gloss":"arches"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bosques","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of bosques","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bosques","lemma":"bosque","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies arcadas","gloss":"woods"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of deslizarían","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"deslizarían","lemma":"deslizar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the clause (subject: hombres y mujeres), coordinated via y","gloss":"would glide"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of deslizarían","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mujeres","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with hombres","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"envueltos","lemma":"envuelto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies hombres","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking túnicas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"túnicas","lemma":"túnica","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of envueltos","gloss":"tunics"},{"surface":"blancas","lemma":"blanco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies túnicas","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"limpio","lemma":"limpio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective (absolute construction) modifying corazón, coordinated with envueltos","gloss":"clean"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corazón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corazón","lemma":"corazón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of the absolute clause headed by limpio (limpio el corazón = 'the heart clean')","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inmundicia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of inmundicia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"inmundicia","lemma":"inmundicia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of limpio (clean of X)","gloss":"filth"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of apestaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking él, doubling the clitic lo (direct object of apestaba)","gloss":"(personal a)","note":"Fronts 'él' for emphasis while the clitic 'lo' carries the actual direct object — clitic doubling: 'a él lo apestaba' = 'it sickened him.'"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"object of the preposition a, doubling lo (direct object of apestaba)","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of apestaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"apestaba","lemma":"apestar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying inmundicia","gloss":"sickened"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p40-s5","source":"Cerró los ojos, y el semblante de Elsa se deslizó por su memoria, mas no despertó ningún eco, porque la voz del Astrólogo llenaba la cochera de esta réplica salvaje:","translation":"He closed his eyes, and Elsa's face slid through his memory, but it woke no echo, because the Astrologer's voice filled the carriage shed with this savage retort:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p40-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cerró","lemma":"cerrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Closed"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Cerró","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of semblante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"semblante","lemma":"semblante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of deslizó","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Elsa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Elsa","lemma":"Elsa","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies semblante","gloss":"Elsa"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of deslizó","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"deslizó","lemma":"deslizar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Cerró","gloss":"slid"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking memoria","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of memoria","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"memoria","lemma":"memoria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of deslizó","gloss":"memory"},{"surface":"mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating conjunction linking the clauses (mas = but)","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies despertó","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"despertó","lemma":"despertar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause (coordinated via mas)","gloss":"woke"},{"surface":"ningún","lemma":"ninguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of eco","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"eco","lemma":"eco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of despertó","gloss":"echo"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of llenaba","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voz","lemma":"voz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of llenaba","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies voz","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"llenaba","lemma":"llenar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the causal clause introduced by porque","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cochera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cochera","lemma":"cochera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of llenaba","gloss":"carriage shed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking réplica","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of réplica","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"réplica","lemma":"réplica","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cochera","gloss":"retort"},{"surface":"salvaje","lemma":"salvaje","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies réplica","gloss":"savage"}]},{"number":101,"label":"41","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s1","source":"–¿Así que le interesa de dónde sacaremos los millones?","translation":"–So you're interested in where we'll get the millions from?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies interesa","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Así","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of interesa","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"interesa","lemma":"interesar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"interests","note":"\"interesar\" works like \"gustar\": the dative pronoun is the person interested, and the following clause is the logical subject."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dónde","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"oblique complement of sacaremos","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"sacaremos","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"subject clause of interesa","gloss":"we'll get"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of millones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"millones","lemma":"millón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of sacaremos","gloss":"millions"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s2","source":"Es fácil.","translation":"It's easy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to fácil","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"fácil","lemma":"fácil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"easy"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s3","source":"Organizaremos prostíbulos.","translation":"We'll set up brothels.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Organizaremos","lemma":"organizar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll set up"},{"surface":"prostíbulos","lemma":"prostíbulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Organizaremos","gloss":"brothels"}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s4","source":"El Rufián Melancólico será el Gran Patriarca Prostibulario... todos los miembros de la logia tendrán interés en las empresas... Explotaremos la usura... la mujer, el niño, el obrero, los campos y los locos.","translation":"The Melancholy Pimp will be the Grand Brothel Patriarch... all the members of the lodge will have a stake in the enterprises... We'll exploit usury... woman, child, worker, the fields and the madmen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"el Rufián Melancólico","title":"«el Rufián Melancólico»","body":"«Rufián» means 'pimp / procurer' (and by extension 'scoundrel'). 'El Rufián Melancólico' is a recurring character in the novel; here the title-case name marks him as a fixed figure of the conspiracy."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of será","gloss":"Pimp"},{"surface":"Melancólico","lemma":"Melancólico","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Rufián","gloss":"Melancholy"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Patriarca","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Patriarca","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gran","lemma":"gran","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Patriarca","gloss":"Grand"},{"surface":"Patriarca","lemma":"patriarca","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominal of será","gloss":"Patriarch"},{"surface":"Prostibulario","lemma":"prostibulario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Patriarca","gloss":"of Brothels"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of los","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of miembros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"miembros","lemma":"miembro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of tendrán","gloss":"members"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking logia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of logia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"logia","lemma":"logia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies miembros","gloss":"lodge"},{"surface":"tendrán","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"interés","lemma":"interés","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tendrán","gloss":"a stake"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking empresas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of empresas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"empresas","lemma":"empresa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tendrán","gloss":"enterprises"},{"surface":"Explotaremos","lemma":"explotar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll exploit"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of usura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"usura","lemma":"usura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Explotaremos","gloss":"usury"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with usura","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of niño","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"niño","lemma":"niño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with mujer","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of obrero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"obrero","lemma":"obrero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with mujer","gloss":"worker"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of campos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"campos","lemma":"campo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with mujer","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of locos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"locos","lemma":"loco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with campos","gloss":"madmen"}]},{"number":105,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s5","source":"En la montaña... será en el Campo Chileno... colocaremos lavaderos de oro, la extracción de metales se efectuará por electricidad.","translation":"In the mountains... it will be in the Campo Chileno... we'll set up gold-washing works; the extraction of metals will be carried out by electricity.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montaña","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of montaña","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montaña","lemma":"montaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of será","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Campo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Campo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Campo","lemma":"Campo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of será","gloss":"Campo"},{"surface":"Chileno","lemma":"Chileno","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Campo","gloss":"Chileno"},{"surface":"colocaremos","lemma":"colocar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll set up"},{"surface":"lavaderos","lemma":"lavadero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of colocaremos","gloss":"washing works"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies lavaderos","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of extracción","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"extracción","lemma":"extracción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of efectuará","gloss":"extraction"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking metales","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"metales","lemma":"metal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies extracción","gloss":"metals"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of efectuará","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"efectuará","lemma":"efectuar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be carried out"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking electricidad","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"electricidad","lemma":"electricidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of efectuará","gloss":"electricity"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s6","source":"Erdosain ya calculó una turbina de 500 caballos.","translation":"Erdosain has already calculated a 500-horsepower turbine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of calculó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies calculó","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"calculó","lemma":"calcular","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"calculated"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of turbina","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"turbina","lemma":"turbina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of calculó","gloss":"turbine"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caballos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"caballos","lemma":"caballo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies turbina","gloss":"horsepower"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s7","source":"Prepararemos el ácido nítrico reduciendo el nitrógeno de la atmósfera con el procedimiento del arco voltaico en torbellino y tendremos hierro, cobre y aluminio mediante las fuerzas hidroeléctricas.","translation":"We'll prepare nitric acid by reducing the nitrogen of the atmosphere with the whirling voltaic-arc process, and we'll have iron, copper and aluminum by means of hydroelectric power.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Prepararemos","lemma":"preparar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll prepare"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ácido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ácido","lemma":"ácido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Prepararemos","gloss":"acid"},{"surface":"nítrico","lemma":"nítrico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ácido","gloss":"nitric"},{"surface":"reduciendo","lemma":"reducir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on Prepararemos","gloss":"reducing"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nitrógeno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nitrógeno","lemma":"nitrógeno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of reduciendo","gloss":"nitrogen"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atmósfera","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of atmósfera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"atmósfera","lemma":"atmósfera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nitrógeno","gloss":"atmosphere"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking procedimiento","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of procedimiento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"procedimiento","lemma":"procedimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of reduciendo","gloss":"process"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arco","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"arco","lemma":"arco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies procedimiento","gloss":"arc"},{"surface":"voltaico","lemma":"voltaico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies arco","gloss":"voltaic"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking torbellino","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"torbellino","lemma":"torbellino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies arco","gloss":"vortex"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tendremos","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with Prepararemos","gloss":"we'll have"},{"surface":"hierro","lemma":"hierro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tendremos","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"cobre","lemma":"cobre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with hierro","gloss":"copper"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aluminio","lemma":"aluminio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with hierro","gloss":"aluminum"},{"surface":"mediante","lemma":"mediante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fuerzas","gloss":"by means of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fuerzas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fuerzas","lemma":"fuerza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tendremos","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"hidroeléctricas","lemma":"hidroeléctrica","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies fuerzas","gloss":"hydroelectric"}]},{"number":108,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s8","source":"¿Se da cuenta?","translation":"Do you realize?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of da","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realize","note":"\"darse cuenta\" is an idiom meaning \"to realize/notice\"."},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with da","gloss":"account"}]},{"number":109,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s9","source":"Llevaremos engañados a los obreros, y a los que no quieran trabajar en las minas los mataremos a latigazos.","translation":"We'll lead the workers off deceived, and the ones who won't work in the mines we'll kill with the lash.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no quieran","title":"Subjunctive in the relative «los que no quieran»","body":"«A los que no quieran trabajar» = 'those who won't (be willing to) work'. The relative clause takes the subjunctive «quieran» because it refers to an indefinite, hypothetical group rather than specific known people."}],"words":[{"surface":"Llevaremos","lemma":"llevar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll lead"},{"surface":"engañados","lemma":"engañado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicative complement of Llevaremos","gloss":"deceived"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking obreros","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of obreros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"obreros","lemma":"obrero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Llevaremos","gloss":"workers"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of quieran","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"part of the phrase que","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of quieran","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quieran","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"quieran","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the clause introduced by que","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"trabajar","lemma":"trabajar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quieran","gloss":"to work"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking minas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of minas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"minas","lemma":"mina","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of trabajar","gloss":"mines"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of mataremos","gloss":"them","note":"\"los\" resumes the fronted object \"a los que no quieran trabajar...\"."},{"surface":"mataremos","lemma":"matar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll kill"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking latigazos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"latigazos","lemma":"latigazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of mataremos","gloss":"lashes"}]},{"number":110,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s10","source":"¿No sucede eso hoy en el Gran Chaco, en los yerbales y en las explotaciones de caucho, café y estaño?","translation":"Doesn't that happen today in the Gran Chaco, in the yerba plantations and in the rubber, coffee and tin operations?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"yerbales","title":"«yerbales»","body":"«Yerbales» (also «yerbal») are plantations of yerba mate, the herb used for Argentina's traditional infusion. Arlt invokes them as notorious sites of brutal forced labor in the region."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sucede","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sucede","lemma":"suceder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happen"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sucede","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hoy","lemma":"hoy","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sucede","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gran","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Gran","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gran","lemma":"gran","morphology":"adjective","role":"oblique complement of sucede","gloss":"Gran"},{"surface":"Chaco","lemma":"Chaco","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Gran","gloss":"Chaco"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yerbales","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of yerbales","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"yerbales","lemma":"yerbal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with Gran","gloss":"yerba fields"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking explotaciones","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of explotaciones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"explotaciones","lemma":"explotación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with yerbales","gloss":"operations"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caucho","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"caucho","lemma":"caucho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies explotaciones","gloss":"rubber"},{"surface":"café","lemma":"café","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with caucho","gloss":"coffee"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"estaño","lemma":"estaño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with caucho","gloss":"tin"}]},{"number":111,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s11","source":"Cercaremos nuestras posesiones de cables electrizados y compraremos con una pera de agua a todos los polizontes y comisarios del Sur.","translation":"We'll fence our holdings with electrified cables, and with a pear of water we'll buy off every cop and police chief of the South.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cercaremos","lemma":"cercar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll fence"},{"surface":"nuestras","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of posesiones","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"posesiones","lemma":"posesión","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Cercaremos","gloss":"holdings"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cables","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"cables","lemma":"cable","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Cercaremos","gloss":"cables"},{"surface":"electrizados","lemma":"electrizado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cables","gloss":"electrified"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"compraremos","lemma":"comprar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with Cercaremos","gloss":"we'll buy"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pera","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pera","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pera","lemma":"pera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of compraremos","gloss":"pear"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking agua","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"agua","lemma":"agua","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pera","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking polizontes","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of los","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of polizontes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"polizontes","lemma":"polizonte","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of compraremos","gloss":"cops"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"comisarios","lemma":"comisario","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with polizontes","gloss":"police chiefs"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sur","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Sur","lemma":"Sur","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies polizontes","gloss":"South"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s12","source":"El caso es empezar, ya ha llegado el Buscador de Oro.","translation":"The thing is to begin; the Gold-Seeker has already arrived.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caso","lemma":"caso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"empezar","lemma":"empezar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"to begin"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegado","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of llegado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"llegado","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buscador","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Buscador","lemma":"Buscador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of llegado","gloss":"Seeker"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buscador","gloss":"Gold"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s13","source":"Encontró placeres en el Campo Chileno, vagando con una prostituta llamada la Máscara.","translation":"He found pleasures in the Campo Chileno, wandering with a prostitute called the Mask.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Encontró","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"placeres","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Encontró","gloss":"pleasures"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Campo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Campo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Campo","lemma":"Campo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of Encontró","gloss":"Campo"},{"surface":"Chileno","lemma":"Chileno","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Campo","gloss":"Chileno"},{"surface":"vagando","lemma":"vagar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on Encontró","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prostituta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of prostituta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"prostituta","lemma":"prostituta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vagando","gloss":"prostitute"},{"surface":"llamada","lemma":"llamado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies prostituta","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Máscara","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Máscara","lemma":"Máscara","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate complement of llamada","gloss":"Mask"}]},{"number":114,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s14","source":"Hay que empezar.","translation":"We must begin.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must","note":"\"hay que\" + infinitive expresses impersonal obligation: \"one must / we must\"."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Hay","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"empezar","lemma":"empezar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Hay","gloss":"begin"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s15","source":"Para la comedia del dios elegiremos un adolescente... Mejor será criar un niño de excepcional belleza, y se le educará de él por todas partes, pero con misterio, y la imaginación de la gente multiplicará su prestigio.","translation":"For the comedy of the god we'll choose an adolescent... Better to raise a child of exceptional beauty, and he'll be educated about him everywhere, but with mystery, and people's imagination will multiply his prestige.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p41-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comedia","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of comedia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"comedia","lemma":"comedia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of elegiremos","gloss":"comedy"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dios","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies comedia","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"elegiremos","lemma":"elegir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll choose"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of adolescente","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"adolescente","lemma":"adolescente","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"direct object of elegiremos","gloss":"adolescent"},{"surface":"Mejor","lemma":"mejor","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Mejor","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"criar","lemma":"criar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject clause of será","gloss":"to raise"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of niño","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"niño","lemma":"niño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of criar","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking belleza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"excepcional","lemma":"excepcional","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies belleza","gloss":"exceptional"},{"surface":"belleza","lemma":"belleza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies niño","gloss":"beauty"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of educará","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of educará","gloss":"him","note":"\"se le educará\" is an impersonal/passive construction with a human patient; \"le\" stands in for the direct object here rather than an ordinary dative."},{"surface":"educará","lemma":"educar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Mejor","gloss":"will be educated"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of educará","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking partes","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of partes","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"partes","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of educará","gloss":"places"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies educará","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"misterio","lemma":"misterio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase con","gloss":"mystery"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of imaginación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"imaginación","lemma":"imaginación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of multiplicará","gloss":"imagination"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gente","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies imaginación","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"multiplicará","lemma":"multiplicar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Mejor","gloss":"will multiply"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of prestigio","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"prestigio","lemma":"prestigio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of multiplicará","gloss":"prestige"}]},{"number":116,"label":"42","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p42-s1","source":"¿Se imagina usted lo que dirán los papanatas de Buenos Aires cuando se propague la murmuración de que allá en las montañas del Chubut, en un templo inaccesible de oro y de mármol, habita un dios adolescente... un fantástico efebo que hace milagros?","translation":"Can you imagine what the simpletons of Buenos Aires will say when the rumor spreads that up there in the mountains of Chubut, in an inaccessible temple of gold and marble, dwells an adolescent god... a fantastic ephebe who works miracles?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p42-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"papanatas","title":"«papanatas»","body":"«Papanatas» is an invariable noun (same in singular and plural) meaning 'simpleton, gullible fool, sucker'. The Astrologer counts on exactly such credulity to make his miracles work."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of imagina","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"imagina","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imagine"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of imagina","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of dirán","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dirán","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of imagina","gloss":"will say"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of papanatas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"papanatas","lemma":"papanata","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of dirán","gloss":"simpletons"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Buenos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Buenos","lemma":"Buenos","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies papanatas","gloss":"Buenos"},{"surface":"Aires","lemma":"Aires","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buenos","gloss":"Aires"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of propague","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of propague","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"propague","lemma":"propagar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on dirán","gloss":"spreads"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of murmuración","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"murmuración","lemma":"murmuración","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of propague","gloss":"rumor"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase que","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of habita","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies habita","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montañas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of montañas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montañas","lemma":"montaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of habita","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Chubut","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Chubut","lemma":"Chubut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies montañas","gloss":"Chubut"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking templo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of templo","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"templo","lemma":"templo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with montañas","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"inaccesible","lemma":"inaccesible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies templo","gloss":"inaccessible"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies templo","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mármol","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mármol","lemma":"mármol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with oro","gloss":"marble"},{"surface":"habita","lemma":"habitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause modifying murmuración","gloss":"dwells"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dios","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of habita","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"adolescente","lemma":"adolescente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies dios","gloss":"adolescent"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of efebo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fantástico","lemma":"fantástico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies efebo","gloss":"fantastic"},{"surface":"efebo","lemma":"efebo","morphology":"noun, masculine","role":"in apposition to dios","gloss":"ephebe"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hace","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying efebo","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"milagros","lemma":"milagro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hace","gloss":"miracles"}]},{"number":117,"label":"43","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p43-s1","source":"–¡Sabe que sus disparates son interesantes!","translation":"–You know, your nonsense is interesting!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p43-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of son","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of disparates","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"disparates","lemma":"disparate","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of son","gloss":"nonsense"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of Sabe","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"interesantes","lemma":"interesante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"predicate adjective of son","gloss":"interesting"}]},{"number":118,"label":"44","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s1","source":"–¿Disparates?","translation":"–Nonsense?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Disparates","lemma":"disparate","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Nonsense"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s2","source":"¿No se creyó en la existencia del plesiosauro que descubrió un inglés borracho, el único habitante del Neuquén a quien la policía no deja usar revólver por su espantosa puntería?...","translation":"Wasn't there belief in the existence of the plesiosaur that a drunken Englishman discovered, the only inhabitant of Neuquén whom the police won't let carry a revolver because of his frightful aim?...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿No se creyó...?","title":"Impersonal «se» with the preterite","body":"«¿No se creyó en la existencia...?» uses impersonal «se» — 'wasn't it believed / didn't people believe'. The «se» plus a third-person verb expresses a generalized subject ('one / people / they') without naming who."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creyó","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal/passive marker","role":"impersonal passive particle of creyó","gloss":"(impersonal marker)","note":"Impersonal/passive 'se' — 'no se creyó' means 'people did not believe' / 'it was not believed', not a reflexive action."},{"surface":"creyó","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was believed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking existencia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of existencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"existencia","lemma":"existencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of creyó","gloss":"existence"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plesiosauro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"plesiosauro","lemma":"plesiosauro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies existencia","gloss":"plesiosaur"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of descubrió","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"descubrió","lemma":"descubrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying plesiosauro","gloss":"discovered"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of inglés","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"inglés","lemma":"inglés","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of descubrió","gloss":"Englishman"},{"surface":"borracho","lemma":"borracho","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies inglés","gloss":"drunken"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of habitante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"único","lemma":"único","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies habitante","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"habitante","lemma":"habitante","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"in apposition to inglés","gloss":"inhabitant"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Neuquén","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Neuquén","lemma":"Neuquén","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies habitante","gloss":"Neuquén"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quien","gloss":"(personal a)"},{"surface":"quien","lemma":"quien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of deja","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of policía","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"policía","lemma":"policía","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"subject of deja","gloss":"police"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies deja","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"deja","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying habitante","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"usar","lemma":"usar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of deja","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"revólver","lemma":"revólver","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"direct object of usar","gloss":"revolver"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puntería","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of puntería","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"espantosa","lemma":"espantoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies puntería","gloss":"frightful"},{"surface":"puntería","lemma":"puntería","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of deja","gloss":"aim"}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s3","source":"¿No creyó la gente de Buenos Aires en los poderes sobrenaturales de un charlatán brasileño que se comprometía a curar milagrosamente la parálisis de Orfilia Rico?","translation":"Didn't the people of Buenos Aires believe in the supernatural powers of a Brazilian charlatan who undertook to miraculously cure Orfilia Rico's paralysis?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creyó","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"creyó","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of creyó","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Buenos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Buenos","lemma":"Buenos","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies gente","gloss":"Buenos"},{"surface":"Aires","lemma":"Aires","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buenos","gloss":"Aires"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poderes","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of poderes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poderes","lemma":"poder","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of creyó","gloss":"powers"},{"surface":"sobrenaturales","lemma":"sobrenatural","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies poderes","gloss":"supernatural"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking charlatán","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of charlatán","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"charlatán","lemma":"charlatán","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies poderes","gloss":"charlatan"},{"surface":"brasileño","lemma":"brasileño","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies charlatán","gloss":"Brazilian"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of comprometía","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of comprometía","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"comprometía","lemma":"comprometer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying charlatán","gloss":"undertook"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of curar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"curar","lemma":"curar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of comprometía","gloss":"cure"},{"surface":"milagrosamente","lemma":"milagrosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies curar","gloss":"miraculously"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of parálisis","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"parálisis","lemma":"parálisis","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"direct object of curar","gloss":"paralysis"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Orfilia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Orfilia","lemma":"Orfilia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies parálisis","gloss":"Orfilia"},{"surface":"Rico","lemma":"Rico","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Orfilia","gloss":"Rico"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s4","source":"Aquél sí que era un espectáculo grotesco y sin pizca de imaginación.","translation":"Now that really was a grotesque spectacle without a shred of imagination.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aquél","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"pronoun, demonstrative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizes era (forms 'sí que' with que)","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"particle","role":"completes emphatic 'sí que'","gloss":"(emphatic)","note":"'Sí que' is a colloquial emphatic construction meaning 'really/indeed'."},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to espectáculo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espectáculo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"espectáculo","lemma":"espectáculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"spectacle"},{"surface":"grotesco","lemma":"grotesco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies espectáculo","gloss":"grotesque"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pizca","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"pizca","lemma":"pizca","morphology":"noun","role":"coordinated with grotesco, modifies espectáculo","gloss":"shred"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking imaginación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"imaginación","lemma":"imaginación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pizca","gloss":"imagination"}]},{"number":122,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s5","source":"E innumerables badulaques lloraban a moco tendido cuando el embrollón enarboló el brazo de la enferma, que todavía está tullido, lo cual prueba que los hombres de ésta y de todas las generaciones tienen absoluta necesidad de creer en algo.","translation":"And countless boobies wept their eyes out when the swindler hoisted up the arm of the sick woman, which is still crippled — which proves that the men of this and of all generations have an absolute need to believe in something.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"lloraban a moco tendido","title":"«llorar a moco tendido»","body":"«Llorar a moco tendido» is a colloquial idiom: to cry one's eyes out, to sob uncontrollably (literally 'to cry with snot streaming'). «Badulaques» = fools/good-for-nothings."}],"words":[{"surface":"E","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence, coordinating with previous","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"innumerables","lemma":"innumerable","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies badulaques","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"badulaques","lemma":"badulaque","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of lloraban","gloss":"boobies"},{"surface":"lloraban","lemma":"llorar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking moco","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"moco","lemma":"moco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of lloraban","gloss":"snot"},{"surface":"tendido","lemma":"tendido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies moco","gloss":"streaming","note":"Idiom 'a moco tendido' = to sob one's eyes out (lit. 'with streaming snot')."},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of enarboló","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of embrollón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"embrollón","lemma":"embrollón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of enarboló","gloss":"swindler"},{"surface":"enarboló","lemma":"enarbolar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the cuando-clause, modifies lloraban","gloss":"hoisted"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of brazo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazo","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of enarboló","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enferma","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of enferma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"enferma","lemma":"enferma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies brazo","gloss":"sick woman"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of está (refers to brazo)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"todavía","lemma":"todavía","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tullido","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to tullido","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"tullido","lemma":"tullido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of está","gloss":"crippled"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"article, neuter, singular","role":"forms compound relative pronoun 'lo cual' with cual","gloss":"(neuter article)"},{"surface":"cual","lemma":"cual","morphology":"pronoun, relative, singular","role":"subject of prueba (with lo, referring to the previous clause)","gloss":"which","note":"'Lo cual' is a compound relative pronoun ('which') referring to the whole preceding idea, not just a single noun."},{"surface":"prueba","lemma":"probar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by lo cual","gloss":"proves"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tienen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of tienen","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ésta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ésta","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique modifier of hombres (elliptical for 'esta generación')","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking generaciones","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of las","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of generaciones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"generaciones","lemma":"generación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with ésta","gloss":"generations"},{"surface":"tienen","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of prueba","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"absoluta","lemma":"absoluto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies necesidad","gloss":"absolute"},{"surface":"necesidad","lemma":"necesidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tienen","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of creer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"creer","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying necesidad","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking algo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of creer","gloss":"something"}]},{"number":123,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s6","source":"Con la ayuda de algún periódico, créame, haremos milagros.","translation":"With the help of some newspaper, believe me, we'll work miracles.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ayuda","gloss":"With"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ayuda","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ayuda","lemma":"ayuda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of haremos","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking periódico","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"algún","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of periódico","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"periódico","lemma":"periódico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ayuda","gloss":"newspaper"},{"surface":"créame","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, second-person singular, with dative pronoun me","role":"parenthetical imperative clause (believe me)","gloss":"believe me","note":"'Créame' = crea (formal imperative of creer) + me = 'believe me', a parenthetical aside — not a modifier of ayuda."},{"surface":"haremos","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will work"},{"surface":"milagros","lemma":"milagro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of haremos","gloss":"miracles"}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s7","source":"Hay varios diarios que rabian por venderse o explotar un asunto sensacional.","translation":"There are several papers itching to sell out or to milk a sensational affair.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"There are"},{"surface":"varios","lemma":"varios","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of diarios","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"diarios","lemma":"diario","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Hay","gloss":"papers"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of rabian","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"rabian","lemma":"rabiar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying diarios","gloss":"are itching"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of venderse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"venderse","lemma":"venderse","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement introduced by por, modifies rabian","gloss":"to sell out"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"explotar","lemma":"explotar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with venderse","gloss":"milk"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of asunto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"asunto","lemma":"asunto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of explotar","gloss":"affair"},{"surface":"sensacional","lemma":"sensacional","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies asunto","gloss":"sensational"}]},{"number":125,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s8","source":"Y nosotros les daremos a todos los sedientos de maravillas un dios magnífico, adornado de relatos que podemos copiar de la Biblia... Una idea se me ocurre: anunciaremos que el mocito es el Mesías pronosticado por los judíos... Hay que pensarlo... Sacaremos fotografías del dios de la selva...","translation":"And to all those thirsting for marvels we'll give a magnificent god, adorned with tales we can copy from the Bible... An idea occurs to me: we'll announce that the lad is the Messiah foretold by the Jews... It has to be thought over... We'll take photographs of the god of the jungle...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p44-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies daremos","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"nosotros","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of daremos","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of daremos","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"daremos","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sedientos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of los","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sedientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sedientos","lemma":"sediento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"indirect object of daremos (doubles les)","gloss":"those thirsting"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking maravillas","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"maravillas","lemma":"maravilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies sedientos","gloss":"marvels"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dios","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of daremos","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"magnífico","lemma":"magnífico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dios","gloss":"magnificent"},{"surface":"adornado","lemma":"adornado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dios","gloss":"adorned"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking relatos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"relatos","lemma":"relato","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of adornado","gloss":"tales"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of copiar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"podemos","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of copiar","gloss":"we can"},{"surface":"copiar","lemma":"copiar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying relatos","gloss":"copy"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Biblia","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Biblia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Biblia","lemma":"Biblia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of copiar","gloss":"Bible"},{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of idea","gloss":"An"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ocurre","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"part of idiom 'ocurrírsele' (occurs to)","gloss":"(idiom marker)"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of ocurre","gloss":"to me","note":"'Se me ocurre' is an idiom meaning 'it occurs to me / I just thought of', with 'me' as the person it occurs to."},{"surface":"ocurre","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (idea occurs to me)","gloss":"occurs"},{"surface":"anunciaremos","lemma":"anunciar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the clause introduced after the colon","gloss":"we'll announce"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clausal complement of anunciaremos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mocito","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mocito","lemma":"mocito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"lad"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Mesías","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Mesías","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mesías","lemma":"Mesías","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"Messiah"},{"surface":"pronosticado","lemma":"pronosticado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Mesías","gloss":"foretold"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking judíos","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of judíos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"judíos","lemma":"judío","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"agent of pronosticado (passive by-phrase)","gloss":"Jews"},{"surface":"Hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (impersonal obligation: hay que)","gloss":"must","note":"'Hay que' + infinitive is an impersonal obligation construction: 'one must / it has to be...'."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"completes the impersonal construction hay que","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pensarlo","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of hay que","gloss":"think it over"},{"surface":"Sacaremos","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"We'll take"},{"surface":"fotografías","lemma":"fotografía","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Sacaremos","gloss":"photographs"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dios","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fotografías","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking selva","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of selva","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"selva","lemma":"selva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies dios","gloss":"jungle"}]},{"number":126,"label":"45","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p45-s1","source":"Podemos imprimir una cinta cinematográfica con el templo de cartón en el fondo del bosque, el dios conversando con el espíritu de la Tierra.","translation":"We can print a film strip with the cardboard temple in the depths of the forest, the god conversing with the spirit of the Earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p45-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Podemos","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of imprimir","gloss":"We can"},{"surface":"imprimir","lemma":"imprimir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"print"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cinta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cinta","lemma":"cinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of imprimir","gloss":"strip"},{"surface":"cinematográfica","lemma":"cinematográfico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cinta","gloss":"film"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking templo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of templo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"templo","lemma":"templo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of imprimir","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cartón","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cartón","lemma":"cartón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies templo","gloss":"cardboard"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fondo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fondo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fondo","lemma":"fondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies templo","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bosque","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"bosque","lemma":"bosque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fondo","gloss":"forest"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with templo (another scene shown)","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"conversando","lemma":"conversar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"participial clause modifying dios","gloss":"conversing"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espíritu","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espíritu","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espíritu","lemma":"espíritu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of conversando (con)","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tierra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Tierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tierra","lemma":"Tierra","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies espíritu","gloss":"Earth"}]},{"number":127,"label":"46","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p46-s1","source":"–¿Pero usted es un cínico o un loco?","translation":"–But are you a cynic or a madman?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p46-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence, contrastive conjunction","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cínico","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cínico","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cínico","lemma":"cínico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cynic"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of loco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with cínico","gloss":"madman"}]},{"number":128,"label":"47","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p47-s1","source":"Erdosain lo miró malhumorado a Barsut.","translation":"Erdosain looked at Barsut in a foul mood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p47-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo miró... a Barsut","title":"Redundant object pronoun","body":"«Lo miró malhumorado a Barsut» doubles the object: the pronoun «lo» and the full noun «a Barsut» both name the same person. This redundant pronoun is very common in River Plate Spanish (and emphatic generally)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of miró","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of miró","gloss":"him","note":"Clitic doubling: 'lo' anticipates the direct object 'a Barsut', common in spoken Rioplatense Spanish."},{"surface":"miró","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"malhumorado","lemma":"malhumorado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"secondary predicate on Erdosain (describes his mood)","gloss":"in a foul mood"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"(personal a)"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of miró (doubles lo)","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p47-s2","source":"¿Era posible que fuera tan imbécil e insensible a la belleza que adornaba los proyectos del Astrólogo?","translation":"Was it possible he was so imbecilic and insensible to the beauty that adorned the Astrologer's projects?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p47-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to posible","gloss":"Was"},{"surface":"posible","lemma":"posible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of imbécil","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to imbécil","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies imbécil","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"imbécil","lemma":"imbécil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective of fuera","gloss":"imbecilic"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"insensible","lemma":"insensible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with imbécil","gloss":"insensible"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking belleza","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of belleza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"belleza","lemma":"belleza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of insensible","gloss":"beauty"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of adornaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"adornaba","lemma":"adornar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying belleza","gloss":"adorned"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of proyectos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"proyectos","lemma":"proyecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of adornaba","gloss":"projects"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies proyectos","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p47-s3","source":"Y pensó: «Esta mala bestia le envidia su magnífica locura al otro.","translation":"And he thought: \"This nasty brute envies the other man his magnificent madness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p47-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies pensó","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"pensó","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"Esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bestia","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"mala","lemma":"malo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bestia","gloss":"nasty"},{"surface":"bestia","lemma":"bestia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of envidia","gloss":"brute"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of envidia (doubles al otro)","gloss":"him","note":"Clitic doubling: 'le' anticipates the indirect object 'al otro' (the other man)."},{"surface":"envidia","lemma":"envidiar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of pensó","gloss":"envies"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of locura","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"magnífica","lemma":"magnífico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies locura","gloss":"magnificent"},{"surface":"locura","lemma":"locura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of envidia","gloss":"madness"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of envidia (doubled by le)","gloss":"the other man"}]},{"number":131,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p47-s4","source":"Esa es la verdad.","translation":"That's the truth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p47-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to verdad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of verdad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verdad","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"truth"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p47-s5","source":"No quedará otro remedio que matarlo».","translation":"There'll be no other remedy but to kill him\".","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p47-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"No quedará otro remedio que","title":"«no quedar otro remedio que»","body":"«No quedará otro remedio que matarlo» = 'there will be no choice / no other option but to kill him'. The fixed phrase «no quedar más/otro remedio que» + infinitive means 'to have no choice but to'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quedará","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"quedará","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will remain"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of remedio","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"remedio","lemma":"remedio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of quedará","gloss":"remedy"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"comparative que (no...otro...que = but/than), introduces matarlo","gloss":"but","note":"'No otro remedio que' = 'no other remedy but/than' — this 'que' is comparative, not a relative pronoun."},{"surface":"matarlo","lemma":"matar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying remedio","gloss":"to kill him"}]},{"number":133,"label":"48","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p48-s1","source":"–Las dos cosas, y elegiremos un término medio entre Krisnamurti y Rodolfo Valentino... pero más místico, una criatura que tenga un rostro extraño simbolizando el sufrimiento del mundo.","translation":"–Both things, and we'll choose a middle ground between Krishnamurti and Rudolph Valentino... but more mystical, a creature with a strange face symbolizing the suffering of the world.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p48-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies cosas","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"elegiremos","lemma":"elegir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the second coordinated clause","gloss":"we'll choose"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of término","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"término","lemma":"término","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of elegiremos","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"medio","lemma":"medio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies término","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Krisnamurti","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"Krisnamurti","lemma":"Krisnamurti","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies término","gloss":"Krishnamurti"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Rodolfo","lemma":"Rodolfo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Krisnamurti","gloss":"Rudolph"},{"surface":"Valentino","lemma":"Valentino","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Rodolfo","gloss":"Valentino"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies místico","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"místico","lemma":"místico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with medio, further describes the figure","gloss":"mystical"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of criatura","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"criatura","lemma":"criatura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to término (further describes the figure)","gloss":"creature"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tenga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tenga","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying criatura","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tenga","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"extraño","lemma":"extraño","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"simbolizando","lemma":"simbolizar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on tenga","gloss":"symbolizing"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sufrimiento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sufrimiento","lemma":"sufrimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of simbolizando","gloss":"suffering"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sufrimiento","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p48-s2","source":"Nuestras cintas se exhibirán en los barrios pobres, en el arrabal.","translation":"Our films will be shown in the poor neighborhoods, in the slums.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p48-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nuestras","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cintas","gloss":"Our"},{"surface":"cintas","lemma":"cinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of exhibirán","gloss":"films"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, passive marker","role":"passive particle of exhibirán","gloss":"(passive marker)"},{"surface":"exhibirán","lemma":"exhibir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be shown"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barrios","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of barrios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"barrios","lemma":"barrio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of exhibirán","gloss":"neighborhoods"},{"surface":"pobres","lemma":"pobre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies barrios","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arrabal","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of arrabal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"arrabal","lemma":"arrabal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies barrios","gloss":"slums"}]},{"number":135,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p48-s3","source":"¿Se imagina usted la impresión que causará al populacho el espectáculo del dios pálido resucitando a un muerto, el de los lavaderos de oro con un arcángel como Gabriel custodiando las barcas de metal y prostitutas deliciosamente ataviadas dispuestas a ser las esposas del primer desdichado que llegue?","translation":"Can you imagine the impression it will make on the rabble — the spectacle of the pale god raising a dead man, the one of the gold-washing works with an archangel like Gabriel guarding the metal boats and prostitutes deliciously arrayed, ready to be the wives of the first wretch who comes along?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p48-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of imagina","gloss":"yourself","note":"Imaginarse is reflexive in Spanish; 'Se imagina usted' idiomatically means 'Can you imagine,' with no literal reflexive sense in English."},{"surface":"imagina","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imagine"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of imagina","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impresión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"impresión","lemma":"impresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of imagina","gloss":"impression"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of causará","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"causará","lemma":"causar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying impresión","gloss":"will cause"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking populacho","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"populacho","lemma":"populacho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of causará","gloss":"the rabble"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espectáculo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espectáculo","lemma":"espectáculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of causará","gloss":"spectacle"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dios","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies espectáculo","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"pálido","lemma":"pálido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dios","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"resucitando","lemma":"resucitar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"modifies dios","gloss":"raising"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muerto (personal a)","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of muerto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"muerto","lemma":"muerto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of resucitando","gloss":"dead man"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"stands for espectáculo (elliptical), coordinated with el espectáculo del dios pálido","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lavaderos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of lavaderos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lavaderos","lemma":"lavadero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies el (via de)","gloss":"washing works"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies lavaderos","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arcángel","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of arcángel","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"arcángel","lemma":"arcángel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies el","gloss":"archangel"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"preposition marking Gabriel (comparison)","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Gabriel","lemma":"Gabriel","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies arcángel","gloss":"Gabriel"},{"surface":"custodiando","lemma":"custodiar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"modifies arcángel","gloss":"guarding"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of barcas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"barcas","lemma":"barca","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of custodiando","gloss":"boats"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking metal","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"metal","lemma":"metal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies barcas","gloss":"metal"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"prostitutas","lemma":"prostituta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with barcas, direct object of custodiando","gloss":"prostitutes"},{"surface":"deliciosamente","lemma":"deliciosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ataviadas","gloss":"deliciously"},{"surface":"ataviadas","lemma":"ataviado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies prostitutas","gloss":"arrayed"},{"surface":"dispuestas","lemma":"dispuesto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies prostitutas","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive clause of ser","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to esposas","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of esposas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esposas","lemma":"esposa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of ser","gloss":"wives"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desdichado","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"primer","lemma":"primero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies desdichado","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"desdichado","lemma":"desdichado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies esposas","gloss":"wretch"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of llegue","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"llegue","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying desdichado","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":136,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p48-s4","source":"Van a sobrar solicitantes para ir a explotar la ciudad del Rey del Mundo y a gozar de los placeres del amor libre... De entre esa ralea elegiremos los más incultos... y allá abajo les doblaremos bien el espinazo a palos, haciéndolos trabajar veinte horas en los lavaderos.","translation":"There'll be more than enough applicants to go exploit the city of the King of the World and to enjoy the pleasures of free love... From among that rabble we'll choose the most uncultured... and down there we'll bend their backs good and proper with beatings, making them work twenty hours in the washing works.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p48-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Van a sobrar","title":"«sobrar» = 'to be more than enough'","body":"«Van a sobrar solicitantes» = 'there are going to be applicants to spare / more than enough applicants'. «Sobrar» means 'to be left over / be in excess', so 'applicants will be in surplus'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Van","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sobrar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sobrar","lemma":"sobrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Van (periphrastic future ir a)","gloss":"be more than enough"},{"surface":"solicitantes","lemma":"solicitante","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of sobrar","gloss":"applicants"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the purpose clause (ir a explotar)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ir","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of explotar","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of explotar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"explotar","lemma":"explotar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of para (purpose)","gloss":"exploit"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciudad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudad","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of explotar","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rey","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Rey","lemma":"Rey","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies ciudad","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mundo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Mundo","lemma":"Mundo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Rey","gloss":"World"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gozar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gozar","lemma":"gozar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with explotar","gloss":"enjoy"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking placeres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of placeres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"placeres","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of gozar (via de)","gloss":"pleasures"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amor","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies placeres","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"libre","lemma":"libre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies amor","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ralea (idiom de entre)","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ralea","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ralea","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ralea","lemma":"ralea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of elegiremos","gloss":"rabble"},{"surface":"elegiremos","lemma":"elegir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will choose"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of incultos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies incultos","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"incultos","lemma":"inculto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of elegiremos","gloss":"uncultured"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies doblaremos","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"abajo","lemma":"abajo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies doblaremos","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of doblaremos","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"doblaremos","lemma":"doblar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with elegiremos","gloss":"will bend"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies doblaremos","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espinazo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espinazo","lemma":"espinazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of doblaremos","gloss":"spine"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"palos","lemma":"palo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies doblaremos (manner)","gloss":"beatings"},{"surface":"haciéndolos","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, gerund, with clitic pronoun los","role":"adverbial clause on doblaremos","gloss":"making them"},{"surface":"trabajar","lemma":"trabajar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of haciéndolos","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"veinte","lemma":"veinte","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies horas","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"horas","lemma":"hora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies trabajar (duration)","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lavaderos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of lavaderos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lavaderos","lemma":"lavadero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of trabajar","gloss":"washing works"}]},{"number":137,"label":"49","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p49-s1","source":"–Yo lo creía a usted obrerista.","translation":"–I took you for a workers' man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p49-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of creía","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of creía (doubles usted)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"creía","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted (personal a)","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of creía (doubled by lo)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"obrerista","lemma":"obrerista","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies usted (object complement)","gloss":"workers' man"}]},{"number":138,"label":"50","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s1","source":"–Cuando converse con un proletario seré rojo.","translation":"–When I'm talking with a proletarian I'll be red.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Cuando converse","title":"«cuando» + present subjunctive (future)","body":"«Cuando converse con un proletario» = 'whenever I talk with a proletarian'. Pointing to an unspecified future occasion, «cuando» takes the present subjunctive «converse», not the indicative."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of converse","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"converse","lemma":"conversar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on seré","gloss":"am talking"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking proletario","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proletario","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"proletario","lemma":"proletario","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of converse (via con)","gloss":"proletarian"},{"surface":"seré","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to rojo","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"rojo","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of seré","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":139,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s2","source":"Ahora converso con usted, y a usted le digo: Mi sociedad está inspirada en aquella que a principios del siglo noveno organizó un bandido persa llamado Abdala–Aben–Maimum.","translation":"Right now I'm talking with you, and to you I say: My society is inspired by the one that, at the beginning of the ninth century, a Persian bandit named Abdala-Aben-Maimum organized.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies converso","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"converso","lemma":"conversar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am talking"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, oblique, singular","role":"oblique complement of converso (via con)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of digo (emphatic, doubled by le)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of digo","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"digo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with converso","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of inspirada","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to inspirada","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inspirada","lemma":"inspirado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of digo","gloss":"inspired"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aquella","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"aquella","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"pronoun, demonstrative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of en (antecedent of que)","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of organizó","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking principios (idiom a principios de)","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"principios","lemma":"principio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siglo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"siglo","lemma":"siglo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of organizó","gloss":"century"},{"surface":"noveno","lemma":"noveno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies siglo","gloss":"ninth"},{"surface":"organizó","lemma":"organizar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause verb, modifies aquella","gloss":"organized"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bandido","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bandido","lemma":"bandido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of organizó","gloss":"bandit"},{"surface":"persa","lemma":"persa","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies bandido","gloss":"Persian"},{"surface":"llamado","lemma":"llamado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bandido","gloss":"named"},{"surface":"Abdala–Aben–Maimum","lemma":"Abdala–Aben–Maimum","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of llamado","gloss":"Abdala-Aben-Maimum"}]},{"number":140,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s3","source":"Naturalmente, sin el aspecto industrial que yo filtro en la mía, y que forzosamente garantía su éxito.","translation":"Without, naturally, the industrial aspect that I filter into mine, and that inevitably guarantees its success.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Naturalmente","lemma":"naturalmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"naturally"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aspecto","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aspecto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aspecto","lemma":"aspecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition sin","gloss":"aspect"},{"surface":"industrial","lemma":"industrial","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies aspecto","gloss":"industrial"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of filtro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of filtro","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"filtro","lemma":"filtrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying aspecto","gloss":"filter"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mía","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mía","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mía","lemma":"mío","morphology":"pronoun, possessive, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of en (possessive: mine)","gloss":"mine"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of garantía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"forzosamente","lemma":"forzosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies garantía","gloss":"inevitably"},{"surface":"garantía","lemma":"garantir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying aspecto (coordinated with filtro)","gloss":"guarantees","note":"Garantir is an old/formal variant of garantizar ('to guarantee'), a defective verb traditionally conjugated only in forms with 'i,' such as the imperfect."},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of éxito","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"éxito","lemma":"éxito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of garantía","gloss":"success"}]},{"number":141,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s4","source":"Maimum quiso fusionar a los librepensadores, aristócratas y creyentes de dos razas tan distintas como la persa y la árabe, en una secta en la que implantó diversos grados de iniciación y misterios.","translation":"Maimum wanted to fuse the freethinkers, aristocrats and believers of two races as distinct as the Persian and the Arab into a sect in which he set up various grades of initiation and mysteries.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Maimum","lemma":"Maimum","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of quiso","gloss":"Maimum"},{"surface":"quiso","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"fusionar","lemma":"fusionar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiso","gloss":"fuse"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking librepensadores (personal a)","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of librepensadores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"librepensadores","lemma":"librepensador","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of fusionar","gloss":"freethinkers"},{"surface":"aristócratas","lemma":"aristócrata","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with librepensadores","gloss":"aristocrats"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"creyentes","lemma":"creyente","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with aristócratas","gloss":"believers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking razas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies razas","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"razas","lemma":"raza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies librepensadores","gloss":"races"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies distintas","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"distintas","lemma":"distinto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies razas","gloss":"distinct"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"introduces comparison with persa/árabe","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of persa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"persa","lemma":"persa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of como (comparison)","gloss":"Persian"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of árabe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"árabe","lemma":"árabe","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"coordinated with persa","gloss":"Arab"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking secta","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of secta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"secta","lemma":"secta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fusionar","gloss":"sect"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"part of relative pronoun (la que = which)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"part of relative pronoun la que, complement of en","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"implantó","lemma":"implantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying secta","gloss":"set up"},{"surface":"diversos","lemma":"diverso","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of grados","gloss":"various"},{"surface":"grados","lemma":"grado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of implantó","gloss":"grades"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking iniciación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"iniciación","lemma":"iniciación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies grados","gloss":"initiation"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"misterios","lemma":"misterio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with iniciación","gloss":"mysteries"}]},{"number":142,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s5","source":"Mentían descaradamente a todo el mundo.","translation":"They lied shamelessly to everyone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mentían","lemma":"mentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lied"},{"surface":"descaradamente","lemma":"descaradamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Mentían","gloss":"shamelessly"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of el","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of Mentían","gloss":"world","note":"Idiom: 'todo el mundo' means 'everyone,' not literally 'the whole world.'"}]},{"number":143,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s6","source":"A los judíos les prometían la llegada del Mesías, a los cristianos la del Paracleto, a los musulmanes la del Madhi... de tal manera que una turba de gente de las más distintas opiniones, situación social y creencias trabajaban en pro de una obra cuyo verdadero fin era conocido por muy pocos.","translation":"To the Jews they promised the coming of the Messiah, to the Christians that of the Paraclete, to the Muslims that of the Mahdi... in such a way that a mob of people of the most varied opinions, social position and beliefs labored on behalf of a work whose true end was known to very few.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking judíos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of judíos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"judíos","lemma":"judío","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"indirect object of prometían (doubled by les)","gloss":"Jews"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of prometían","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"prometían","lemma":"prometer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of llegada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"llegada","lemma":"llegada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of prometían","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mesías","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Mesías","lemma":"Mesías","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies llegada","gloss":"Messiah"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cristianos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cristianos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cristianos","lemma":"cristiano","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"indirect object of prometían (elliptical, parallel to judíos)","gloss":"Christians"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"stands for llegada (elliptical), direct object of prometían","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Paracleto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Paracleto","lemma":"Paracleto","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies la","gloss":"Paraclete"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking musulmanes","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of musulmanes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"musulmanes","lemma":"musulmán","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"indirect object of prometían (elliptical, parallel to judíos)","gloss":"Muslims"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"stands for llegada (elliptical), direct object of prometían","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Madhi","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Madhi","lemma":"Madhi","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies la","gloss":"Mahdi"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of idiom de tal manera que","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"part of idiom de tal manera que","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"manera","lemma":"manera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of idiom de tal manera que","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trabajaban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of turba","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"turba","lemma":"turba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of trabajaban","gloss":"mob"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gente","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies turba","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking opiniones","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of opiniones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies distintas","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"distintas","lemma":"distinto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies opiniones","gloss":"varied"},{"surface":"opiniones","lemma":"opinión","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies gente","gloss":"opinions"},{"surface":"situación","lemma":"situación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with opiniones, modifies gente","gloss":"position"},{"surface":"social","lemma":"social","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies situación","gloss":"social"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"creencias","lemma":"creencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with opiniones","gloss":"beliefs"},{"surface":"trabajaban","lemma":"trabajar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"labored"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pro (idiom en pro de)","gloss":"on behalf"},{"surface":"pro","lemma":"pro","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"behalf","note":"Idiom: 'en pro de' means 'on behalf of / in favor of.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking obra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of obra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"obra","lemma":"obra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trabajaban","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"cuyo","lemma":"cuyo","morphology":"determiner, possessive, masculine, singular","role":"possessive determiner of fin (whose)","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"verdadero","lemma":"verdadero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fin","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of conocido (era conocido)","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of conocido","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"conocido","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause, modifies obra","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pocos","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pocos","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"pocos","lemma":"poco","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"agent complement of conocido (via por)","gloss":"few"}]},{"number":144,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s7","source":"De esta manera Maimum esperaba llegar a dominar por completo el mundo musulmán.","translation":"In this way Maimum hoped to come to dominate the Muslim world completely.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manera","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of manera","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"manera","lemma":"manera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition De, modifies esperaba","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"Maimum","lemma":"Maimum","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of esperaba","gloss":"Maimum"},{"surface":"esperaba","lemma":"esperar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hoped"},{"surface":"llegar","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of esperaba","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dominar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dominar","lemma":"dominar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of llegar","gloss":"dominate"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of idiom por completo, modifies dominar","gloss":"completely","note":"Idiom: 'por completo' means 'completely.'"},{"surface":"completo","lemma":"completo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dominar","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"musulmán","lemma":"musulmán","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"Muslim"}]},{"number":145,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s8","source":"Excuso decirle que los directores del movimiento eran unos cínicos estupendos, que no creían absolutamente en nada.","translation":"I need hardly tell you that the leaders of the movement were stupendous cynics, who believed in absolutely nothing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Excuso decirle","title":"«excusar decir»","body":"«Excuso decirle» = 'I need hardly tell you / it goes without saying'. Here «excusar» + infinitive means there's no need to state something because it's obvious. «Le» is the formal 'you'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Excuso","lemma":"excusar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"need hardly"},{"surface":"decirle","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive, with clitic pronoun le","role":"depends on Excuso","gloss":"tell you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of eran","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of directores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"directores","lemma":"director","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of eran","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking movimiento","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"movimiento","lemma":"movimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies directores","gloss":"movement"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to cínicos","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"unos","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cínicos","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"cínicos","lemma":"cínico","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of eran","gloss":"cynics"},{"surface":"estupendos","lemma":"estupendo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cínicos","gloss":"stupendous"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of creían","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creían","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"creían","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause, modifies cínicos","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"absolutamente","lemma":"absolutamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creían","gloss":"absolutely"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nada","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of creían","gloss":"nothing"}]},{"number":146,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s9","source":"Nosotros les imitaremos.","translation":"We'll imitate them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nosotros","lemma":"nosotros","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of imitaremos","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"direct object of imitaremos","gloss":"them","note":"Leísmo: 'les' is used here as a direct-object pronoun ('them') instead of the standard 'los.'"},{"surface":"imitaremos","lemma":"imitar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will imitate"}]},{"number":147,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s10","source":"Seremos bolcheviques, católicos, fascistas, ateos, militaristas, en diversos grados de iniciación.","translation":"We'll be Bolsheviks, Catholics, fascists, atheists, militarists, in various grades of initiation.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p50-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Seremos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to bolcheviques","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"bolcheviques","lemma":"bolchevique","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of Seremos","gloss":"Bolsheviks"},{"surface":"católicos","lemma":"católico","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with bolcheviques","gloss":"Catholics"},{"surface":"fascistas","lemma":"fascista","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with bolcheviques","gloss":"fascists"},{"surface":"ateos","lemma":"ateo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with bolcheviques","gloss":"atheists"},{"surface":"militaristas","lemma":"militarista","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with bolcheviques","gloss":"militarists"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grados","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"diversos","lemma":"diverso","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of grados","gloss":"various"},{"surface":"grados","lemma":"grado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Seremos (via en)","gloss":"grades"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking iniciación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"iniciación","lemma":"iniciación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies grados","gloss":"initiation"}]},{"number":148,"label":"51","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p51-s1","source":"–Usted es el rufián más descarado que he conocido... Si tuviera éxito...","translation":"–You are the most brazen scoundrel I have ever known... If you were to succeed...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p51-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Si tuviera éxito","title":"«si» + imperfect subjunctive (open conditional)","body":"«Si tuviera éxito...» = 'if you were to succeed...'. A «si» clause with the imperfect subjunctive «tuviera» sets up a hypothetical condition; Barsut leaves the consequence unspoken. «Tener éxito» = 'to be successful'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to rufián","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rufián","lemma":"rufián","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"scoundrel"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies descarado","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"descarado","lemma":"descarado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rufián","gloss":"brazen"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of conocido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of conocido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"conocido","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause, modifies rufián","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tuviera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"tuviera","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"verb of an elliptical conditional clause (independent utterance, not connected to rufián)","gloss":"were to have"},{"surface":"éxito","lemma":"éxito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tuviera","gloss":"success"}]},{"number":149,"label":"52","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p52-s1","source":"Barsut experimentaba un singular placer en insultarlo al Astrólogo.","translation":"Barsut took a singular pleasure in insulting the Astrologer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p52-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of experimentaba","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"experimentaba","lemma":"experimentar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of placer","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"singular","lemma":"singular","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies placer","gloss":"singular"},{"surface":"placer","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of experimentaba","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of insultarlo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"insultarlo","lemma":"insultar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of en (direct object lo = him)","gloss":"insulting him"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition + article (contraction of a + el)","role":"personal a + article doubling the object Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object doubled by lo, complement of insultarlo","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":150,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p52-s2","source":"Y es que no quería reconocer que era inferior al otro.","translation":"And the fact was that he refused to admit that he was inferior to the other man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p52-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies es","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (es que = the fact is/was that)","gloss":"was","note":"'Es que' is a discourse marker introducing an explanation, here rendered 'the fact was that.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quería","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quería","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"quería","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"reconocer","lemma":"reconocer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of quería","gloss":"to admit"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to inferior","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inferior","lemma":"inferior","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"inferior"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition + article (contraction of a + el)","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"object of al, complement of inferior","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":151,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p52-s3","source":"Además, había algo que le humillaba profundamente, parecerá mentira, pero le indignaba pensar que Erdosain fuera amigo y gozara de la intimidad de hombre semejante.","translation":"Besides, there was something that humiliated him profoundly — it will seem incredible, but it galled him to think that Erdosain was the friend, and enjoyed the intimacy, of such a man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p52-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies había","gloss":"Besides"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (existential)","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of había","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of humillaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"dative experiencer of humillaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"humillaba","lemma":"humillar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying algo","gloss":"humiliated"},{"surface":"profundamente","lemma":"profundamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies humillaba","gloss":"profoundly"},{"surface":"parecerá","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of a parenthetical aside","gloss":"will seem"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of parecerá","gloss":"incredible","note":"'Parecer mentira' is an idiom meaning 'to seem unbelievable,' literally 'to seem a lie.'"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"dative experiencer of indignaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"indignaba","lemma":"indignar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with había (introduced by pero)","gloss":"galled"},{"surface":"pensar","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive subject clause of indignaba","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fuera","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of fuera","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to amigo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of fuera","gloss":"the friend"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gozara","lemma":"gozar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with fuera (shares subject Erdosain)","gloss":"enjoyed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking intimidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of intimidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"intimidad","lemma":"intimidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of gozara","gloss":"intimacy"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies intimidad","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"semejante","lemma":"semejante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"such"}]},{"number":152,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p52-s4","source":"Y se decía:","translation":"And he said to himself:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p52-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies decía","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"dative reflexive particle of decía","gloss":"to himself"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":153,"label":"53","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p53-s1","source":"«¿Cómo es posible que este imbécil haya llegado a ser amigo de tal hombre?» Y por ese motivo sentía que en su interior no había mala razón que no contradijera las palabras del Astrólogo.","translation":"\"How is it possible that this imbecile has come to be the friend of such a man?\" And for that reason he felt that within himself there was no bad reason that did not contradict the Astrologer's words.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p53-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"haya llegado","title":"Subjunctive after «es posible que»","body":"«¿Cómo es posible que... haya llegado a ser amigo?» = 'how is it possible that he has come to be a friend?'. «Es posible que» triggers the subjunctive — here the present perfect subjunctive «haya llegado». «Llegar a ser» = 'to come to be / end up being'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"modifies es posible","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to posible","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"posible","lemma":"posible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of llegado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of imbécil","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"imbécil","lemma":"imbécil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of llegado","gloss":"imbecile"},{"surface":"haya","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of llegado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"llegado","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the clause complementing posible","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces infinitive ser (llegar a + infinitive)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to amigo","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of ser","gloss":"the friend"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies amigo","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies sentía","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking motivo","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of motivo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"motivo","lemma":"motivo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentía","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"sentía","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of había","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking interior","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of interior","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"interior","lemma":"interior","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of había","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies había","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sentía","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mala","lemma":"malo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies razón","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"razón","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of había","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of contradijera","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies contradijera","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"contradijera","lemma":"contradecir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying razón","gloss":"contradict"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of contradijera","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition + article (contraction of de + el)","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies palabras","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":154,"label":"54","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p54-s1","source":"–Lo tendremos, ya que está el cebo del oro.","translation":"–We'll have it, since the bait of gold is there.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p54-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tendremos","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tendremos","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll have"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the compound conjunction ya que (since)","gloss":"since","note":"'Ya que' together means 'since/given that.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the compound conjunction ya que","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the ya que clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cebo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cebo","lemma":"cebo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"bait"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition + article (contraction of de + el)","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cebo","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":155,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p54-s2","source":"Los resultados de nuestra organización se verán por los balances que arrojen los negocios que emprendamos.","translation":"The results of our organization will be seen in the balance sheets the businesses we undertake turn out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p54-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of resultados","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"resultados","lemma":"resultado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of verán","gloss":"results"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking organización","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of organización","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"organización","lemma":"organización","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies resultados","gloss":"organization"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"passive-se marker on verán","gloss":"passive marker"},{"surface":"verán","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be seen"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking balances","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of balances","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"balances","lemma":"balance","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of verán","gloss":"balance sheets"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of arrojen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"arrojen","lemma":"arrojar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying balances","gloss":"turn out"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of negocios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"negocios","lemma":"negocio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of arrojen","gloss":"businesses"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of emprendamos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"emprendamos","lemma":"emprender","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"clause modifying negocios","gloss":"undertake"}]},{"number":156,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p54-s3","source":"Los prostíbulos serán una fuente de dinero.","translation":"The brothels will be a source of money.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p54-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of prostíbulos","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"prostíbulos","lemma":"prostíbulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of fuente","gloss":"brothels"},{"surface":"serán","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to fuente","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fuente","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fuente","lemma":"fuente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"source"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dinero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fuente","gloss":"money"}]},{"number":157,"label":"55","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p55-s1","source":"Erdosain ha ideado un aparato que permitirá controlar diariamente el número de visitas que reciba cada pupila.","translation":"Erdosain has devised a device that will make it possible to monitor daily the number of visits each girl receives.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p55-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pupila","title":"«pupila»","body":"«Pupila» literally means 'pupil (of the eye)' or 'female ward', but here, in the brothel context, it is the period euphemism for a prostitute on the house's books."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of ideado","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ideado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ideado","lemma":"idear","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aparato","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"aparato","lemma":"aparato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ideado","gloss":"device"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of permitirá","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"permitirá","lemma":"permitir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying aparato","gloss":"will allow"},{"surface":"controlar","lemma":"controlar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of permitirá","gloss":"to monitor"},{"surface":"diariamente","lemma":"diariamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies controlar","gloss":"daily"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of número","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"número","lemma":"número","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of controlar","gloss":"number"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking visitas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"visitas","lemma":"visita","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies número","gloss":"visits"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of reciba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"reciba","lemma":"recibir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying número","gloss":"receives"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pupila","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"pupila","lemma":"pupila","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of reciba","gloss":"girl"}]},{"number":158,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p55-s2","source":"Esto sin contar con las donaciones, una nueva industria que pensamos explotar: la rosa de cobre, que ha inventado Erdosain.","translation":"This is not counting the donations, a new industry we intend to exploit: the copper rose, which Erdosain has invented.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p55-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of contar","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"contar","lemma":"contar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying Esto","gloss":"counting"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking donaciones","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of donaciones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"donaciones","lemma":"donación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of contar","gloss":"donations"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of industria","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nueva","lemma":"nuevo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies industria","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"industria","lemma":"industria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"industry"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of explotar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pensamos","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clause modifying industria","gloss":"intend"},{"surface":"explotar","lemma":"explotar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pensamos","gloss":"to exploit"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of rosa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rosa","lemma":"rosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to industria","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cobre","lemma":"cobre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rosa","gloss":"copper"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of inventado","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of inventado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"inventado","lemma":"inventar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying rosa","gloss":"invented"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of inventado","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":159,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p55-s3","source":"Ahora usted se puede explicar por qué lo hemos secuestrado.","translation":"Now you can explain to yourself why we've kidnapped you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p55-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies explicar","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of explicar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"dative reflexive particle of explicar","gloss":"to yourself"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of explicar","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"explicar","lemma":"explicar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"explain"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of secuestrado","gloss":"what","note":"'Por qué' together means 'why.'"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of secuestrado","gloss":"you","note":"'Usted' takes third-person object forms, so masculine 'lo' here means formal 'you.'"},{"surface":"hemos","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of secuestrado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"secuestrado","lemma":"secuestrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the embedded clause, complement of explicar","gloss":"kidnapped"}]},{"number":160,"label":"56","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p56-s1","source":"–¿Qué hacemos con la explicación si estoy preso?","translation":"–What do we do with the explanation if I'm a prisoner?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p56-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hacemos","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"hacemos","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking explicación","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of explicación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"explicación","lemma":"explicación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hacemos","gloss":"explanation"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of preso","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to preso","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"preso","lemma":"preso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estoy","gloss":"a prisoner"}]},{"number":161,"label":"57","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p57-s1","source":"En aquel instante, Erdosain se observó a sí mismo de lo singular que resultaba el hecho de que Barsut en ningún momento le amenazara al Astrólogo con represalias para el momento en que se encontrara libre, lo que le hizo decirse: «Hay que andar con cuidado con este Judas, es capaz de vendernos, no por su plata, sino por envidia».","translation":"At that instant, Erdosain remarked to himself how singular it was that Barsut at no point threatened the Astrologer with reprisals for the moment when he should find himself free, which made him say to himself: \"One has to be careful with this Judas; he's capable of selling us out, not for his money, but out of envy\".","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p57-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se encontrara","title":"Imperfect subjunctive in a future-in-the-past clause","body":"«Para el momento en que se encontrara libre» = 'for the moment when he should find himself free'. The time clause is projected from a past viewpoint and as yet unrealized, so it takes the imperfect subjunctive «se encontrara»."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking instante","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instante","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"instante","lemma":"instante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of observó","gloss":"instant"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of observó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of observó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"observó","lemma":"observar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remarked"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sí","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of observó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"intensifier of sí (a sí mismo = himself, emphatic)","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the lo...que clause on observó","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"definite article, neuter","role":"forms lo...que with singular (how singular)","gloss":"how","note":"'Lo + adjective + que' is an idiom meaning 'how [adjective]' — 'lo singular que resultaba' = 'how singular it was.'"},{"surface":"singular","lemma":"singular","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies resultaba","gloss":"singular"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"links singular to resultaba (lo...que construction)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"resultaba","lemma":"resultar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the lo...que clause, complement of de","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hecho","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of resultaba","gloss":"fact"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the fixed phrase el hecho de que","gloss":"of","note":"'El hecho de que' is a fixed phrase meaning 'the fact that.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of amenazara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of amenazara","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ningún","lemma":"ninguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of amenazara","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of amenazara (leísmo, doubled by al Astrólogo)","gloss":"him","note":"'Le' stands in for the direct object here (leísmo), common with masculine human objects."},{"surface":"amenazara","lemma":"amenazar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hecho","gloss":"threatened"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition + article (contraction of a + el)","role":"personal a + article doubling the object Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object doubled by le, complement of amenazara","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking represalias","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"represalias","lemma":"represalia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of amenazara","gloss":"reprisals"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies represalias","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que, modifies momento","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of preposition en (relative referring to momento)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encontrara","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"encontrara","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying momento","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"libre","lemma":"libre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of encontrara","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative lo que (subject of hizo)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of the relative lo que, subject of hizo","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hizo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"hizo","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by lo que","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"decirse","lemma":"decir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hizo","gloss":"say to himself"},{"surface":"Hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted sentence, complement of decirse","gloss":"has to","note":"'Hay que' + infinitive is an impersonal construction meaning 'one must/has to.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the impersonal construction hay que","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"andar","lemma":"andar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of hay que","gloss":"go","note":"'Andar con cuidado' is an idiom meaning 'to be careful.'"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuidado","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"cuidado","lemma":"cuidado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of andar","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Judas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Judas","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Judas","lemma":"Judas","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of andar","gloss":"Judas"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to capaz (new clause)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"capaz","lemma":"capaz","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective of es","gloss":"capable"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vendernos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vendernos","lemma":"vender nosotros","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying capaz","gloss":"selling us"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vendernos","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plata","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of plata","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"plata","lemma":"plata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition por","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking envidia","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"envidia","lemma":"envidia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition por, coordinated with plata","gloss":"envy"}]},{"number":162,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p57-s2","source":"El Astrólogo continuó:","translation":"The Astrologer went on:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p57-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of continuó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"}]},{"number":163,"label":"58","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p58-s1","source":"–Su dinero nos servirá para instalar un lenocinio, organizar el pequeño contingente y comprar y herramientas, instalación de radiotelegrafía y otros elementos para el lavadero de oro.","translation":"–Your money will serve us to set up a bawdy house, organize the small contingent, and buy and tools, an installation of radiotelegraphy and other elements for the gold-washing works.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p58-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"lenocinio","title":"«lenocinio»","body":"«Lenocinio» is a formal/legal word for a brothel or, more abstractly, the procuring of prostitution. Its bookish register contrasts with the cruder «prostíbulo» used elsewhere."}],"words":[{"surface":"Su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"His"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of servirá","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of servirá","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"servirá","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will serve"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of instalar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"instalar","lemma":"instalar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of servirá","gloss":"set up"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lenocinio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lenocinio","lemma":"lenocinio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of instalar","gloss":"bawdy house"},{"surface":"organizar","lemma":"organizar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with instalar, complement of para","gloss":"organize"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of contingente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pequeño","lemma":"pequeño","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies contingente","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"contingente","lemma":"contingente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of organizar","gloss":"contingent"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"comprar","lemma":"comprar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with organizar","gloss":"buy"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"herramientas","lemma":"herramienta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of comprar","gloss":"tools"},{"surface":"instalación","lemma":"instalación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of comprar","gloss":"installation"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking radiotelegrafía","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"radiotelegrafía","lemma":"radiotelegrafía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies instalación","gloss":"radiotelegraphy"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of elementos","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"elementos","lemma":"elemento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with herramientas/instalación, direct object of comprar","gloss":"elements"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lavadero","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lavadero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lavadero","lemma":"lavadero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies elementos","gloss":"washery"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies lavadero","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":164,"label":"59","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p59-s1","source":"–¿Y usted no admite que puede equivocarse?","translation":"–And don't you admit that you might be mistaken?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p59-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"puede equivocarse","title":"Pronominal «equivocarse»","body":"«Equivocarse» = 'to be mistaken / make a mistake' (pronominal). «¿No admite que puede equivocarse?» = 'don't you admit you can be wrong?'. The plain «equivocar» (to mistake one thing for another) is rarely used without the «se»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies admite","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of admite","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies admite","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"admite","lemma":"admitir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"admit"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of equivocarse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of equivocarse","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"equivocarse","lemma":"equivocar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of admite","gloss":"be mistaken"}]},{"number":165,"label":"60","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p60-s1","source":"–Sí... ya lo he pensado, pero procedo como si estuviera en lo cierto.","translation":"–Yes... I've already thought of that, but I proceed as if I were in the right.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p60-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pensado","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pensado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pensado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"pensado","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"procedo","lemma":"proceder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pensado","gloss":"proceed"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estuviera (como si = as if)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estuviera (como si = as if)","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"estuviera","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cierto","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cierto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"definite article, neuter","role":"determiner of cierto (lo cierto = the right thing)","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition en (lo cierto = 'in the right')","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":166,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p60-s2","source":"Además, una sociedad secreta es como una enorme caldera.","translation":"Besides, a secret society is like an enormous boiler.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p60-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es (sentence adverb)","gloss":"Besides"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of caldera","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"secreta","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sociedad","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to caldera","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of caldera","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of caldera","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"enorme","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies caldera","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"caldera","lemma":"caldera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"boiler"}]},{"number":167,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p60-s3","source":"El vapor que produce puede mover una grúa como un ventilador...","translation":"The steam it produces can drive a crane as it would a fan...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p60-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vapor","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"vapor","lemma":"vapor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mover","gloss":"steam"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of produce","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"produce","lemma":"producir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying vapor","gloss":"produces"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of mover","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"mover","lemma":"mover","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of grúa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grúa","lemma":"grúa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of mover","gloss":"crane"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ventilador","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ventilador","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ventilador","lemma":"ventilador","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mover","gloss":"fan"}]},{"number":168,"label":"61","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p61-s1","source":"–¿Y usted no admite que puede equivocarse?","translation":"–And don't you admit that you might be mistaken?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p61-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies admite","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of admite","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies admite","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"admite","lemma":"admitir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"admit"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of equivocarse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of equivocarse","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"equivocarse","lemma":"equivocar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of admite","gloss":"be mistaken"}]},{"number":169,"label":"62","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p62-s1","source":"–Sí... ya lo he pensado, pero procedo como si estuviera en lo cierto.","translation":"–Yes... I've already thought of that, but I proceed as if I were in the right.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p62-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pensado","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pensado","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pensado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"pensado","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Sí","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"procedo","lemma":"proceder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pensado","gloss":"proceed"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estuviera","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estuviera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"estuviera","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cierto","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cierto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of cierto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estuviera","gloss":"right","note":"estar en lo cierto = idiom, 'to be right.'"}]},{"number":170,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p62-s2","source":"Además, una sociedad secreta es como una enorme caldera.","translation":"Besides, a secret society is like an enormous boiler.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p62-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of caldera","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"secreta","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sociedad","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to caldera","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of caldera","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of caldera","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"enorme","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies caldera","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"caldera","lemma":"caldera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"boiler"}]},{"number":171,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p62-s3","source":"El vapor que produce puede mover una grúa como un ventilador...","translation":"The steam it produces can drive a crane as it would a fan...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p62-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vapor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vapor","lemma":"vapor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mover","gloss":"steam"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of produce","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"produce","lemma":"producir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying vapor","gloss":"produces"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of mover","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"mover","lemma":"mover","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drive"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of grúa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grúa","lemma":"grúa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of mover","gloss":"crane"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ventilador","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ventilador","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ventilador","lemma":"ventilador","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mover","gloss":"fan"}]},{"number":172,"label":"63","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p63-s1","source":"–¿Y usted qué es lo que quiere mover?","translation":"–And what is it you want to move?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p63-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies es","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of quiere","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"the thing"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of mover","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"mover","lemma":"mover","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiere","gloss":"move"}]},{"number":173,"label":"64","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p64-s1","source":"–Una montaña de carne inerte.","translation":"–A mountain of inert flesh.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p64-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of montaña","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"montaña","lemma":"montaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking carne","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"carne","lemma":"carne","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies montaña","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"inerte","lemma":"inerte","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies carne","gloss":"inert"}]},{"number":174,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p64-s2","source":"Nosotros los pocos queremos, necesitamos los espléndidos poderes de la tierra.","translation":"We, the few, want, we need, the splendid powers of the earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p64-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition with pocos","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pocos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pocos","lemma":"poco","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of queremos","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"queremos","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with necesitamos","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"necesitamos","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of poderes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espléndidos","lemma":"espléndido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies poderes","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"poderes","lemma":"poder","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of necesitamos","gloss":"powers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies poderes","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":175,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p64-s3","source":"Dichosos de nosotros si con nuestras atrocidades podemos aterrorizar a los débiles e inflamar a los fuertes.","translation":"Lucky for us if with our atrocities we can terrorize the weak and inflame the strong.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p64-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dichosos de nosotros si","title":"«¡dichoso de...!» exclamation","body":"«Dichosos de nosotros si...» = 'lucky us if...'. The pattern «¡dichoso/pobre/ay de + pronoun!» expresses a wish or judgment about someone's fortune — here 'how fortunate we'd be if...'. «Dichoso» = happy, fortunate, blessed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dichosos","lemma":"dichoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lucky"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nosotros","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Dichosos","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of aterrorizar","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atrocidades","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"nuestras","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of atrocidades","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"atrocidades","lemma":"atrocidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of aterrorizar","gloss":"atrocities"},{"surface":"podemos","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of aterrorizar","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"aterrorizar","lemma":"aterrorizar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the si-clause","gloss":"terrorize"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking débiles","gloss":"marks the object"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of débiles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"débiles","lemma":"débil","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"direct object of aterrorizar","gloss":"weak"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and","note":"e replaces y before a word beginning with i- (here inflamar), for euphony."},{"surface":"inflamar","lemma":"inflamar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with aterrorizar","gloss":"inflame"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fuertes","gloss":"marks the object"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of fuertes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fuertes","lemma":"fuerte","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"direct object of inflamar","gloss":"strong"}]},{"number":176,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p64-s4","source":"Y para ello es necesario crearse la fuerza, revolucionar las conciencias, exaltar la barbarie.","translation":"And for that, force must be created, consciences must be revolutionized, barbarism must be exalted.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p64-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"es necesario crearse","title":"Impersonal «es necesario» + infinitive","body":"«Es necesario crearse la fuerza, revolucionar..., exaltar...» — «es necesario» + infinitive is an impersonal obligation: 'it is necessary to...'. The chain of infinitives keeps the demand general, with no named subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies necesario","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ello","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ello","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of necesario","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to necesario","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"necesario","lemma":"necesario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"crearse","lemma":"crear él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on necesario","gloss":"be created"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fuerza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fuerza","lemma":"fuerza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of crearse","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"revolucionar","lemma":"revolucionar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on necesario","gloss":"be revolutionized"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of conciencias","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"conciencias","lemma":"conciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of revolucionar","gloss":"consciences"},{"surface":"exaltar","lemma":"exaltar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on necesario","gloss":"be exalted"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of barbarie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"barbarie","lemma":"barbarie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of exaltar","gloss":"barbarism"}]},{"number":177,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p64-s5","source":"Ese agente de fuerza misteriosa y enorme que suscitará todo eso será la sociedad.","translation":"That agent of mysterious and enormous force which will stir all this up will be the society.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p64-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of agente","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"agente","lemma":"agente","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"subject of sociedad","gloss":"agent"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fuerza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fuerza","lemma":"fuerza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies agente","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"misteriosa","lemma":"misterioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fuerza","gloss":"mysterious"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"enorme","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with misteriosa","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of suscitará","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"suscitará","lemma":"suscitar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying agente","gloss":"will stir up"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of eso","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of suscitará","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sociedad","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":178,"label":"65","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s1","source":"Instauraremos los autos de fe, quemaremos vivos en las plazas a los que no crean en Dios.","translation":"We will establish the autos-da-fé; we will burn alive in the public squares those who do not believe in God.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"los que no crean","title":"Subjunctive in a relative clause","body":"«crean» is the present subjunctive of «creer» ('to believe'). After «los que» ('those who') referring to a hypothetical, not-yet-identified group, Spanish uses the subjunctive: 'those who may not believe', anyone who turns out not to believe."}],"words":[{"surface":"Instauraremos","lemma":"instaurar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we will establish"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of autos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"autos","lemma":"auto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Instauraremos","gloss":"trials","note":"autos de fe (auto-da-fé) = the Inquisition's public trials and executions of heretics."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fe","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fe","lemma":"fe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies autos","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"quemaremos","lemma":"quemar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with Instauraremos","gloss":"we will burn"},{"surface":"vivos","lemma":"vivo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies los","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plazas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of plazas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plazas","lemma":"plaza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of quemaremos","gloss":"squares"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking los","gloss":"marks the object"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of quemaremos","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of crean","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies crean","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"crean","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying los","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dios","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of crean","gloss":"God"}]},{"number":179,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s2","source":"¿Cómo es posible que la gente no se haya dado cuenta de la extraordinaria belleza que hay en ese acto... en el de quemar vivo a un nombre?","translation":"How is it possible that people have not realized the extraordinary beauty there is in that act... in burning a man alive?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no se haya dado cuenta","title":"Subjunctive after «es posible que»","body":"«haya dado» is the present perfect subjunctive. The impersonal expression «es posible que» ('it is possible that') triggers the subjunctive in its clause. «darse cuenta de» is a pronominal idiom meaning 'to realize / become aware of'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un nombre","title":"«nombre» for «hombre»","body":"Here «nombre» ('name') stands in for «hombre» ('man') — almost certainly a period typo or printer's slip preserved in the public-domain text. The sense, mirrored by «quemar vivo» elsewhere in the speech, is 'burning a man alive'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"modifies posible","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to posible","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"posible","lemma":"posible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of dado","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dado","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"haya","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"dado","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of posible","gloss":"realized"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with dado","gloss":"account","note":"darse cuenta (de) = idiom, 'to realize/notice'; cuenta alone means 'account.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking belleza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of belleza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"extraordinaria","lemma":"extraordinario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies belleza","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"belleza","lemma":"belleza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cuenta","gloss":"beauty"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying belleza","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of acto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"acto","lemma":"acto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hay","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking el","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with acto","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of quemar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"quemar","lemma":"quemar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"modifies el","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"vivo","lemma":"vivo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies nombre","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nombre","gloss":"marks the object"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of quemar","gloss":"man","note":"Likely a transcription slip for 'hombre' (man) — the translation reads 'burning a man alive,' not 'a name.'"}]},{"number":180,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s3","source":"Y por no creer en Dios, ¿se da cuenta usted?, por no creer en Dios.","translation":"And for not believing in God — do you realize? — for not believing in God.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"por no creer","title":"«por» + infinitive = cause","body":"«por» plus an infinitive states the reason or cause: «por no creer en Dios» = 'for not believing in God', 'because of not believing in God'. The negative «no» sits between «por» and the infinitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies da","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of creer","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creer","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"creer","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on da","gloss":"believing"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dios","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of creer","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of da","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realize"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with da","gloss":"account","note":"se da cuenta = idiom, 'do you realize?'"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of da","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of creer","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creer","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"creer","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on da","gloss":"believing"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dios","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of creer","gloss":"God"}]},{"number":181,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s4","source":"Es necesario, compréndame, es absolutamente necesario que una religión sombría y enorme vuelva a inflamar el corazón de la humanidad.","translation":"It is necessary — understand me — it is absolutely necessary that a dark and enormous religion should once again inflame the heart of humanity.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vuelva a inflamar","title":"«volver a» + infinitive","body":"«volver a» plus an infinitive means 'to do something again': «vuelva a inflamar» = 'inflame once more'. Here «vuelva» is present subjunctive because of «es necesario que» ('it is necessary that'), which forces the subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to necesario","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"necesario","lemma":"necesario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"compréndame","lemma":"comprender yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal singular (usted), with enclitic pronoun","role":"parenthetical aside","gloss":"understand me","note":"compréndame = imperative comprenda (formal 'understand') + enclitic me ('me')."},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to necesario","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"absolutamente","lemma":"absolutamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies necesario","gloss":"absolutely"},{"surface":"necesario","lemma":"necesario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with necesario","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vuelva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of religión","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"religión","lemma":"religión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of vuelva","gloss":"religion"},{"surface":"sombría","lemma":"sombrío","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies religión","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"enorme","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with sombría","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"vuelva","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on necesario","gloss":"returns","note":"volver a + infinitive = 'to do (something) again.'"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of inflamar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"inflamar","lemma":"inflamar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of vuelva","gloss":"inflame"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corazón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corazón","lemma":"corazón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of inflamar","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking humanidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of humanidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"humanidad","lemma":"humanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies corazón","gloss":"humanity"}]},{"number":182,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s5","source":"Que todos caigan de rodillas al paso de un santo, y que la oración del más ínfimo sacerdote encienda un milagro en el cielo de la tarde.","translation":"That everyone fall to their knees as a saint passes, and that the prayer of the lowliest priest kindle a miracle in the evening sky.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Que todos caigan","title":"«Que» + subjunctive as a wish","body":"A clause opening with «que» plus the subjunctive («caigan», «encienda») expresses a wish or command without a main verb: 'May everyone fall...', 'Let the prayer kindle...'. It carries forward the longing of «es necesario que» from the previous sentence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of caigan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of caigan","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"caigan","lemma":"caer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rodillas","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"rodillas","lemma":"rodilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of caigan","gloss":"knees","note":"de rodillas = idiom, 'on/to one's knees.'"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paso","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"paso","lemma":"paso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of caigan","gloss":"passing","note":"al paso de = idiom, 'as X passes by.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking santo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of santo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"santo","lemma":"santo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies paso","gloss":"saint"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of encienda","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of oración","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oración","lemma":"oración","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of encienda","gloss":"prayer"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sacerdote","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ínfimo","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"ínfimo","lemma":"ínfimo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sacerdote","gloss":"lowliest"},{"surface":"sacerdote","lemma":"sacerdote","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oración","gloss":"priest"},{"surface":"encienda","lemma":"encender","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with caigan","gloss":"kindle"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of milagro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"milagro","lemma":"milagro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of encienda","gloss":"miracle"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cielo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encienda","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tarde","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tarde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"evening"}]},{"number":183,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s6","source":"¡Ah, si usted supiera cuántas veces lo he pensado!","translation":"Ah, if you only knew how many times I have thought of it!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si usted supiera","title":"Imperfect subjunctive in «si» clauses","body":"«supiera» is the imperfect (past) subjunctive of «saber». After «si» ('if') it frames a hypothetical or counter-to-fact condition: 'if you knew', 'if you only knew' — the listener does not, in fact, know."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of supiera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of supiera","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"supiera","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Ah","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"cuántas","lemma":"cuántos","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of supiera","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pensado","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pensado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"pensado","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of supiera","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":184,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s7","source":"Y lo que me alienta es saber que la civilización y la miseria del siglo han desequilibrado a muchos hombres.","translation":"And what heartens me is knowing that the civilization and the misery of the age have unbalanced many men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo que me alienta","title":"«lo que» = 'what / that which'","body":"The neuter «lo que» introduces a nominalized clause, 'the thing that / what': «lo que me alienta» = 'what heartens me'. It lets a whole idea serve as the subject of the sentence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies es","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of alienta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of alienta","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"alienta","lemma":"alentar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on es","gloss":"heartens"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"saber","lemma":"saber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desequilibrado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of civilización","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"civilización","lemma":"civilización","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of desequilibrado","gloss":"civilization"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of miseria","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"miseria","lemma":"miseria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with civilización","gloss":"misery"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siglo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"siglo","lemma":"siglo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies miseria","gloss":"age"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of desequilibrado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"desequilibrado","lemma":"desequilibrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"unbalanced"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombres","gloss":"marks the object"},{"surface":"muchos","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of desequilibrado","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":185,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s8","source":"Estos locoides que no encuentran rumbos en la sociedad son fuerzas perdidas.","translation":"These half-mad types, who find no direction in society, are wasted forces.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"locoides","title":"«locoides»","body":"Arlt coins «locoides» from «loco» ('mad') plus the suffix «-oide» ('-oid', resembling): 'the loco-like', the half-mad, the almost-crazed. It names the marginal misfits the Astrologer plans to recruit."}],"words":[{"surface":"Estos","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of locoides","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"locoides","lemma":"locoide","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of fuerzas","gloss":"half-mad types","note":"locoides = Arlt's coinage from loco ('crazy') + -oide ('-oid'); roughly 'crazy-ish types.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of encuentran","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encuentran","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"encuentran","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying locoides","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"rumbos","lemma":"rumbo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of encuentran","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encuentran","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to fuerzas","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"fuerzas","lemma":"fuerza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"forces"},{"surface":"perdidas","lemma":"perdido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies fuerzas","gloss":"wasted"}]},{"number":186,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s9","source":"En el más ignominioso café de barrio, entre dos simples y un cínico va a encontrar usted tres genios.","translation":"In the most disreputable neighborhood café, among two simpletons and a cynic, you will find three geniuses.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"va a encontrar","title":"«ir a» + infinitive = future","body":"«ir a» plus an infinitive forms the near future, like English 'going to': «va a encontrar usted» = 'you are going to find', 'you will find'. The subject «usted» here follows the verb for rhetorical emphasis."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking café","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of café","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ignominioso","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"ignominioso","lemma":"ignominioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies café","gloss":"disreputable"},{"surface":"café","lemma":"café","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encontrar","gloss":"café"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barrio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"barrio","lemma":"barrio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies café","gloss":"neighborhood"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking simples","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies simples","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"simples","lemma":"simple","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"object of entre","gloss":"simpletons"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cínico","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cínico","lemma":"cínico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with simples","gloss":"cynic"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of encontrar","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of encontrar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"encontrar","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of encontrar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies genios","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"genios","lemma":"genio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of encontrar","gloss":"geniuses"}]},{"number":187,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s10","source":"Estos genios no trabajan, no hacen nada...","translation":"These geniuses do not work, they do nothing...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Estos","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of genios","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"genios","lemma":"genio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of trabajan","gloss":"geniuses"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trabajan","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"trabajan","lemma":"trabajar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hacen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hacen","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with trabajan","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hacen","gloss":"nothing"}]},{"number":188,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s11","source":"Convengo con usted en que son genios de hojalata...","translation":"I grant you that they are tin-plate geniuses...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"genios de hojalata","title":"«hojalata»","body":"«hojalata» is 'tinplate', cheap stamped tin. «genios de hojalata» = 'tin-plate geniuses' — a sneer at men who only look brilliant, the way tin only looks like silver. «Convengo en que» means 'I agree / grant that'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Convengo","lemma":"convenir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I grant"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of Convengo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"in","note":"convenir en que = idiom, 'to agree that.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of son","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to genios","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"genios","lemma":"genio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of son","gloss":"geniuses"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hojalata","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hojalata","lemma":"hojalata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies genios","gloss":"tin","note":"genios de hojalata = ironic idiom, roughly 'tin-pot geniuses' (fake, self-styled)."}]},{"number":189,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s12","source":"Pero esa hojalata es una energía que bien utilizada puede ser la base de un movimiento nuevo y poderoso.","translation":"But that tin is an energy which, well used, can be the basis of a new and powerful movement.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating conjunction, contrasts with the preceding statement","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of hojalata","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hojalata","lemma":"hojalata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"tin"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking hojalata to energía","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of energía","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"energía","lemma":"energía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"energy"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of puede, refers to energía","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies utilizada","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"utilizada","lemma":"utilizado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"parenthetical participial phrase modifying que (energía)","gloss":"used"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ser","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking que (energía) to base","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of base","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"base","lemma":"base","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of ser","gloss":"basis"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking movimiento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of movimiento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"movimiento","lemma":"movimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies base","gloss":"movement"},{"surface":"nuevo","lemma":"nuevo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies movimiento","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"poderoso","lemma":"poderoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with nuevo","gloss":"powerful"}]},{"number":190,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s13","source":"Y éste es el elemento que yo quiero emplear.","translation":"And this is the element I want to employ.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p65-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating conjunction, connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking éste to elemento","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of elemento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"elemento","lemma":"elemento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"element"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"direct object of emplear, refers to elemento","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of quiero","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause modifying elemento","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"emplear","lemma":"emplear","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiero","gloss":"employ"}]},{"number":191,"label":"66","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p66-s1","source":"–¿Manager de locos?...","translation":"\"A manager of madmen?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p66-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Manager","lemma":"manager","morphology":"noun, singular (English loanword)","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"manager","note":"'Manager' is an English loanword current in Rioplatense Spanish of this era, especially in boxing and show-business slang."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking locos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"locos","lemma":"loco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de, modifies Manager","gloss":"madmen"}]},{"number":192,"label":"67","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p67-s1","source":"–Esa es la frase.","translation":"\"That is the phrase.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p67-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking Esa to frase","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frase","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frase","lemma":"frase","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"phrase"}]},{"number":193,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p67-s2","source":"Quiero ser manager de locos, de los innumerables genios apócrifos, de los desequilibrados que no tienen entrada en los centros espiritistas y bolcheviques...","translation":"I want to be a manager of madmen, of the countless bogus geniuses, of the unbalanced who have no admittance to the spiritualist and Bolshevik circles...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p67-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"apócrifos","title":"«apócrifo»","body":"«apócrifo» means 'apocryphal, spurious, false-attributed'. «genios apócrifos» = 'bogus geniuses' — men passing themselves off as great minds without being so."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking (implied yo) to manager","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"manager","lemma":"manager","morphology":"noun, singular (English loanword)","role":"predicate complement of ser","gloss":"manager"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking locos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"locos","lemma":"loco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de, modifies manager","gloss":"madmen"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking genios","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of genios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"innumerables","lemma":"innumerable","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies genios","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"genios","lemma":"genio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de, coordinated with locos","gloss":"geniuses"},{"surface":"apócrifos","lemma":"apócrifo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies genios","gloss":"bogus"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desequilibrados","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of desequilibrados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desequilibrados","lemma":"desequilibrado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de, coordinated with locos and genios","gloss":"unbalanced"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of tienen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tienen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tienen","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying desequilibrados","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"entrada","lemma":"entrada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tienen","gloss":"admittance"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking centros","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of centros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"centros","lemma":"centro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of en, oblique complement of tienen","gloss":"circles"},{"surface":"espiritistas","lemma":"espiritista","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies centros","gloss":"spiritualist"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bolcheviques","lemma":"bolchevique","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with espiritistas","gloss":"Bolshevik"}]},{"number":194,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p67-s3","source":"Estos imbéciles... y yo se lo digo porque tengo experiencia... bien engañados..., lo suficiente recalentados, son capaces de ejecutar actos que le pondrían a usted la piel de gallina.","translation":"These imbeciles... and I tell you this because I have experience... well deceived..., sufficiently fired up, are capable of carrying out acts that would give you gooseflesh.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p67-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la piel de gallina","title":"«poner la piel de gallina»","body":"«piel de gallina» literally 'hen's skin' is the Spanish image for 'goosebumps / gooseflesh'. «pondrían a usted la piel de gallina» = 'would give you goosebumps'. The verb «pondrían» is conditional ('would put')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Estos","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of imbéciles","gloss":"These"},{"surface":"imbéciles","lemma":"imbécil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of son","gloss":"imbeciles"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the parenthetical clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of digo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of digo, refers to usted","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of digo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"digo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tengo","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on digo","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"experiencia","lemma":"experiencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tengo","gloss":"experience"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies engañados","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"engañados","lemma":"engañado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"participial phrase modifying imbéciles","gloss":"deceived"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"article, neuter","role":"neuter article with suficiente, modifies recalentados","gloss":"the","note":"Colloquial 'lo + adjective' used adverbially in place of the standard adverb 'suficientemente' (sufficiently)."},{"surface":"suficiente","lemma":"suficiente","morphology":"adjective, singular, used adverbially","role":"modifies recalentados","gloss":"sufficiently"},{"surface":"recalentados","lemma":"recalentado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"participial phrase modifying imbéciles, coordinated with engañados","gloss":"fired up"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking imbéciles to capaces","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"capaces","lemma":"capaz","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"predicate complement of son","gloss":"capable"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ejecutar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ejecutar","lemma":"ejecutar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying capaces","gloss":"carrying out"},{"surface":"actos","lemma":"acto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of ejecutar","gloss":"acts"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of pondrían","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pondrían","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"pondrían","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying actos","gloss":"would give"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition introducing dative doubling of le (a usted)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"dative doubling of le, complement of pondrían","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piel","lemma":"piel","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of pondrían","gloss":"skin","note":"'Piel de gallina' (lit. 'hen's skin') is the Spanish idiom for goosebumps/gooseflesh."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gallina","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gallina","lemma":"gallina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies piel","gloss":"hen"}]},{"number":195,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p67-s4","source":"Literatos de mostrador.","translation":"Counter-top literary men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p67-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Literatos de mostrador","title":"«de mostrador»","body":"«mostrador» is the counter or bar of a shop or café. «literatos de mostrador» = 'counter literary men', writers who only hold forth leaning on a café bar. The phrase opens a list of comic small-time pretenders."}],"words":[{"surface":"Literatos","lemma":"literato","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Literary men"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mostrador","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mostrador","lemma":"mostrador","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Literatos","gloss":"counter"}]},{"number":196,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p67-s5","source":"Inventores de barrio, profetas de parroquia, políticos de café y filósofos de centros recreativos serán la carne de cañón de nuestra sociedad.","translation":"Backstreet inventors, parish prophets, café politicians, and clubhouse philosophers will be the cannon fodder of our society.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p67-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"carne de cañón","title":"«carne de cañón»","body":"«carne de cañón» literally 'cannon meat' is the standard Spanish idiom for 'cannon fodder' — expendable troops thrown into the line. «serán» is the simple future of «ser»: 'they will be'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Inventores","lemma":"inventor","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of serán","gloss":"Inventors"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barrio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"barrio","lemma":"barrio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Inventores","gloss":"neighborhood"},{"surface":"profetas","lemma":"profeta","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with Inventores","gloss":"prophets"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parroquia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"parroquia","lemma":"parroquia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies profetas","gloss":"parish"},{"surface":"políticos","lemma":"político","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with Inventores","gloss":"politicians"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking café","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"café","lemma":"café","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies políticos","gloss":"café"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"filósofos","lemma":"filósofo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with políticos","gloss":"philosophers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking centros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"centros","lemma":"centro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies filósofos","gloss":"centers"},{"surface":"recreativos","lemma":"recreativo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies centros","gloss":"recreational"},{"surface":"serán","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking Inventores et al. to carne","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of carne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"carne","lemma":"carne","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of serán","gloss":"fodder","note":"'Carne de cañón' (lit. 'cannon meat') is the Spanish idiom for cannon fodder."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cañón","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cañón","lemma":"cañón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies carne","gloss":"cannon"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies carne","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":197,"label":"68","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p68-s1","source":"Erdosain sonreía.","translation":"Erdosain was smiling.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p68-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sonreía","title":"Imperfect for ongoing action","body":"«sonreía» is the imperfect of «sonreír». The imperfect paints an action in progress with no defined end: 'he was smiling', a steady backdrop while the dialogue unfolds, rather than a single completed act."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sonreía","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"sonreía","lemma":"sonreír","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was smiling"}]},{"number":198,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p68-s2","source":"Luego, sin mirar al encadenado, dijo:","translation":"Then, without looking at the chained man, he said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p68-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"el encadenado","title":"«encadenado»","body":"«encadenado» is the past participle of «encadenar» ('to chain up') used as a noun: 'the chained one'. It refers to Barsut, whom the conspirators are holding prisoner."}],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of mirar","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"mirar","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition (a + el)","role":"preposition marking encadenado","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"encadenado","lemma":"encadenado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mirar","gloss":"chained man"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":199,"label":"69","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p69-s1","source":"–Usted no conoce la inaguantable insolencia de los fronterizos del genio...","translation":"\"You do not know the unbearable insolence of the borderline cases of genius...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p69-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"los fronterizos del genio","title":"«fronterizo»","body":"«fronterizo» means 'belonging to the frontier / border'. «los fronterizos del genio» = 'those on the borderline of genius', men who hover at the edge of brilliance without ever crossing into it. A recurring label in this chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of conoce","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conoce","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"conoce","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of insolencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"inaguantable","lemma":"inaguantable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies insolencia","gloss":"unbearable"},{"surface":"insolencia","lemma":"insolencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of conoce","gloss":"insolence"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fronterizos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of fronterizos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fronterizos","lemma":"fronterizo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies insolencia","gloss":"borderline cases"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition (de + el)","role":"preposition marking genio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"genio","lemma":"genio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fronterizos","gloss":"genius"}]},{"number":200,"label":"70","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p70-s1","source":"–Sí, mientras no se los comprende, ¿no es verdad.","translation":"\"Yes, as long as one does not understand them, isn't that so.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p70-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"mientras no se los comprende","title":"«mientras» = 'as long as / while'","body":"«mientras» here means 'as long as'. «se los comprende» uses the impersonal «se» ('one understands them / they are understood'). Note the source ends the question with a period before the name — a quirk preserved from the original printing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence-initial affirmative, discourse marker","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of comprende","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies comprende","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal","role":"impersonal particle of comprende","gloss":"one","note":"Impersonal 'se' here means roughly 'one' or 'people in general' — it is not a reflexive pronoun."},{"surface":"los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of comprende","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"comprende","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the mientras-clause, modifies es","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es (tag question)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to verdad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"verdad","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"true"}]},{"number":201,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p70-s2","source":"Barsut?","translation":"Barsut?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p70-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative, addressee of the preceding question","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":202,"label":"71","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p71-s1","source":"–No me interesa.","translation":"\"It doesn't interest me.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p71-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"No me interesa","title":"«interesar» like «gustar»","body":"«interesar» works like «gustar»: the thing of interest is the grammatical subject and the person is an indirect object. «No me interesa» = literally 'it does not interest me', i.e. 'I'm not interested'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies interesa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of interesa","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"interesa","lemma":"interesar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"interests"}]},{"number":203,"label":"72","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p72-s1","source":"–Es que a usted debe interesarle porque va a ser de los nuestros.","translation":"\"The thing is, it ought to interest you, because you are going to be one of us.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p72-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Es que","title":"«Es que...»","body":"«Es que» opens an explanation or justification: 'the thing is...', 'it's just that...'. «ser de los nuestros» = 'to be one of ours / one of us', to belong to the group."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is","note":"'Es que' is a fixed discourse opener meaning roughly 'The thing is...' or 'It's just that...'."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of interesarle","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition introducing dative doubling of le (a usted)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"dative doubling of le, complement of interesarle","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of interesarle","gloss":"ought to"},{"surface":"interesarle","lemma":"interesar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of debe","gloss":"interest you"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of va","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ser (periphrastic future), adverbial clause on interesarle","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ser","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking (implied usted) to los nuestros","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition introducing predicate de los nuestros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"substantive article with nuestros, object of de","gloss":"the","note":"'Los nuestros' is an idiomatic phrase meaning 'our own people' or 'one of us'."},{"surface":"nuestros","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"pronoun, possessive, masculine, plural","role":"forms los nuestros with los, object of de","gloss":"ours"}]},{"number":204,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p72-s2","source":"Yo opino esto.","translation":"I think this.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p72-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of opino","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"opino","lemma":"opinar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of opino","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":205,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p72-s3","source":"Si a un fronterizo se le discute que no es un genio, toda la insolencia y la grosería de este incomprendido se levanta injuriosa ante usted.","translation":"If you argue to one of these borderline cases that he is not a genius, all the insolence and coarseness of this misunderstood man rises up, insulting, against you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p72-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se le discute","title":"Impersonal «se» + indirect object","body":"«se le discute» combines the impersonal «se» ('one / you argue') with the indirect object «le» ('to him'): 'if it is argued to him', 'if one argues to him'. It keeps the agent vague while focusing on the borderline genius."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of discute","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition introducing dative doubling of le (a un fronterizo)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fronterizo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fronterizo","lemma":"fronterizo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of discute, doubled by le","gloss":"borderline case"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal","role":"impersonal particle of discute","gloss":"one","note":"Impersonal 'se' here means roughly 'one' or 'people in general' — it is not a reflexive pronoun."},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of discute, refers to fronterizo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"discute","lemma":"discutir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"argue"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the object clause of discute","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking (implied él) to genio","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of genio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"genio","lemma":"genio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"genius"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of insolencia (quantifier 'all')","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of insolencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"insolencia","lemma":"insolencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of levanta","gloss":"insolence"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of grosería","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grosería","lemma":"grosería","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with insolencia","gloss":"coarseness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking incomprendido","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of incomprendido","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"incomprendido","lemma":"incomprendido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies insolencia y grosería","gloss":"misunderstood man"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of levanta","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"levanta","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rises up"},{"surface":"injuriosa","lemma":"injurioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicative adjective modifying insolencia y grosería (manner)","gloss":"insulting"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of levanta","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":206,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p72-s4","source":"Pero elogie sistemáticamente a un monstruo del amor propio, y ese mismo sujeto que lo hubiera asesinado a la menor contradicción se convierte en su lacayo.","translation":"But praise a monster of self-love systematically, and that very fellow who would have murdered you at the slightest contradiction turns into your lackey.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p72-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"elogie","title":"Imperative «elogie»","body":"«elogie» is the «usted» command form of «elogiar» ('to praise'). Spanish forms the formal imperative from the present subjunctive. «que lo hubiera asesinado» uses the pluperfect subjunctive for a hypothetical: 'who would have murdered you'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"amor propio","title":"«amor propio»","body":"«amor propio» ('self-love') means 'pride, self-regard, ego'. «un monstruo del amor propio» = 'a monster of ego'. «lacayo» is a 'lackey, footman, servile follower'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating conjunction, contrasts with the preceding statement","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"elogie","lemma":"elogiar","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted), singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"praise"},{"surface":"sistemáticamente","lemma":"sistemáticamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies elogie","gloss":"systematically"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking direct object monstruo","gloss":"marks object"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monstruo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"monstruo","lemma":"monstruo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of elogie","gloss":"monster"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition (de + el)","role":"preposition marking amor","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies monstruo","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"propio","lemma":"propio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies amor","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sujeto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sujeto (intensifier 'very')","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"sujeto","lemma":"sujeto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of convierte","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of asesinado","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of asesinado, refers to usted","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of asesinado","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"asesinado","lemma":"asesinar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying sujeto","gloss":"murdered"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking contradicción","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of contradicción","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"menor","lemma":"menor","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"modifies contradicción","gloss":"slightest"},{"surface":"contradicción","lemma":"contradicción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of asesinado","gloss":"contradiction"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of convierte","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"convierte","lemma":"convertir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turns"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lacayo","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of lacayo","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"lacayo","lemma":"lacayo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of convierte","gloss":"lackey"}]},{"number":207,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p72-s5","source":"Lo que debe saber es suministrarles una mentira suficientemente dosificada.","translation":"What you must know how to do is supply them with a lie measured out in the right dose.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p72-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dosificada","title":"«dosificar»","body":"«dosificar» means 'to dose, to measure out in doses'; «suficientemente dosificada» = 'sufficiently / properly dosed'. The Astrologer treats deception like medicine — given in the exact amount that works."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"article, neuter","role":"neuter article with que, forms 'lo que' (subject of es)","gloss":"what","note":"'Lo que' is a fixed neuter-relative construction meaning 'what/that which'."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"direct object of saber","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of saber","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"saber","lemma":"saber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"verb of the subject clause (lo que debe saber), subject of es","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"suministrarles","lemma":"suministrar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"supply them"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mentira","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of suministrarles","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"suficientemente","lemma":"suficientemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dosificada","gloss":"sufficiently"},{"surface":"dosificada","lemma":"dosificado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mentira","gloss":"measured out"}]},{"number":208,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p72-s6","source":"Inventor o poeta, será su criado.","translation":"Inventor or poet, he will be your servant.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p72-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Inventor","lemma":"inventor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of será","gloss":"Inventor"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"poeta","lemma":"poeta","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Inventor","gloss":"poet"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking Inventor to criado","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of criado","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"criado","lemma":"criado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of será","gloss":"servant"}]},{"number":209,"label":"73","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p73-s1","source":"–¿Usted también se cree genio? –estalló iracundo Barsut.","translation":"\"Do you too think yourself a genius?\" Barsut burst out furiously.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p73-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"estalló iracundo","title":"«estallar» / «iracundo»","body":"«estalló» is the preterite of «estallar» ('to burst, explode'); used of speech it means 'burst out'. «iracundo» is a literary adjective for 'wrathful, irate', describing the manner of Barsut's outburst."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of cree","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cree","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of cree, refers to Usted","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"cree","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"genio","lemma":"genio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement (atributo) of cree, describing se (Usted) — 'creerse' is a semi-copulative pronominal verb; genio is not a plain direct object","gloss":"genius"},{"surface":"estalló","lemma":"estallar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"burst out"},{"surface":"iracundo","lemma":"iracundo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicative adjective modifying Barsut (manner)","gloss":"furiously"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of estalló","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":210,"label":"74","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s1","source":"–Yo también me creo genio...","translation":"\"I too think myself a genius...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me creo genio","title":"Pronominal «creerse»","body":"«creerse» (with a reflexive pronoun) means 'to consider / believe oneself to be': «me creo genio» = 'I think myself a genius'. It adds a shade of presumption that plain «creer» lacks."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of creo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creo","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of creo, refers to Yo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"creo","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"genio","lemma":"genio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement (atributo) of creo, describing me (Yo) — same 'creerse'/'me creo' construction, genio is not a plain direct object","gloss":"genius"}]},{"number":211,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s2","source":"Claro que lo creo... pero cinco minutos y una sola vez al día..., aunque poco me interesa serlo o no.","translation":"Of course I believe it... but for five minutes and only once a day..., though it interests me little whether I am one or not.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"serlo o no","title":"Neuter «lo» as predicate","body":"The «lo» in «serlo» stands in for the predicate «genio»: 'to be it (a genius) or not'. Spanish uses the neuter «lo» to refer back to an adjective or noun already named, where English just says 'one' or repeats nothing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creo","gloss":"Of course"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of creo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of creo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"creo","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"cinco","lemma":"cinco","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies minutos","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"minutos","lemma":"minuto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"elliptical temporal adjunct, depends on creo","gloss":"minutes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vez","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with minutos","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition (a + el)","role":"preposition marking día","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vez","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of interesa","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies interesa","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of interesa","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"interesa","lemma":"interesar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on creo","gloss":"interests"},{"surface":"serlo","lemma":"ser él","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"subject of interesa","gloss":"being one"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with serlo","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":212,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s3","source":"Las frases importan poco a los predestinados a realizar.","translation":"Phrases matter little to those predestined to act.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of frases","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"frases","lemma":"frase","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of importan","gloss":"Phrases"},{"surface":"importan","lemma":"importar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies importan","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking predestinados","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of predestinados","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"predestinados","lemma":"predestinado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of a, oblique complement of importan","gloss":"predestined"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of realizar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"realizar","lemma":"realizar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying predestinados","gloss":"act"}]},{"number":213,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s4","source":"Son los fronterizos del genio los que engordan con palabras inútiles.","translation":"It is the borderline cases of genius who grow fat on useless words.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Son... los que","title":"Cleft sentence «ser... el que»","body":"The structure «Son los fronterizos... los que engordan» is a cleft sentence used for emphasis: 'It is the borderline cases... who grow fat'. Spanish brackets the highlighted element between «ser» and «los que» ('the ones who')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to fronterizos","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of fronterizos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fronterizos","lemma":"fronterizo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of Son","gloss":"borderline cases"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition (de + el)","role":"preposition marking genio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"genio","lemma":"genio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fronterizos","gloss":"genius"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"forms 'los que' relative pronoun, in apposition to fronterizos","gloss":"the ones"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of engordan","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"engordan","lemma":"engordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause verb, modifies los que (fronterizos)","gloss":"grow fat"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palabras","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of engordan","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"inútiles","lemma":"inútil","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies palabras","gloss":"useless"}]},{"number":214,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s5","source":"Yo me he planteado este problema que nada tiene que ver con mis condiciones intelectuales.","translation":"I have posed myself this problem, which has nothing to do with my intellectual capacities.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tener que ver con","title":"«tener que ver con»","body":"«tener que ver con» means 'to have to do with, to be connected to'. «nada tiene que ver con» = 'has nothing to do with'. «plantearse» (pronominal) is 'to pose / raise (a problem) to oneself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of planteado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"indirect object of planteado, refers to Yo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of planteado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"planteado","lemma":"plantear","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"posed"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of problema","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"problema","lemma":"problema","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of planteado","gloss":"problem"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of tiene, refers to problema","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying problema","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"part of fixed idiom","role":"part of the idiom 'tener que ver con' (to have to do with)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive completing tener...que ver, complement of tiene","gloss":"do","note":"'Tener que ver con' is a fixed idiom meaning 'to have to do with'; 'ver' does not mean 'to see' here."},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking condiciones","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mis","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of condiciones","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"condiciones","lemma":"condición","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ver (idiom tener que ver con)","gloss":"capacities"},{"surface":"intelectuales","lemma":"intelectual","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies condiciones","gloss":"intellectual"}]},{"number":215,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s6","source":"¿Puede hacerse felices a los hombres?","translation":"Can men be made happy?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Puede hacerse felices","title":"Impersonal «se» as passive","body":"«¿Puede hacerse felices a los hombres?» uses the impersonal/passive «se»: 'can men be made happy?'. The «a» before «los hombres» is the personal «a», marking a human direct object."}],"words":[{"surface":"Puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hacerse","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"hacerse","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be made","note":"Reflexive passive: 'hacerse' + adjective = 'to be made' + adjective."},{"surface":"felices","lemma":"feliz","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"predicate complement of hombres","gloss":"happy"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombres","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hacerse","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":216,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s7","source":"Y empiezo por acercarme a los desgraciados, darles por objetivo de sus actividades una mentira que los haga felices inflando su vanidad..., y estos pobres diablos que abandonados a sí mismos no hubieran pasado de incomprendidos, serán el precioso material con que produciremos la potencia... el vapor...","translation":"And I begin by drawing near to the wretched, by giving them, as the aim of their activities, a lie that makes them happy by inflating their vanity..., and these poor devils who, left to themselves, would have gone no further than being misunderstood, will be the precious material with which we will produce the power... the steam...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p74-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"empiezo por acercarme","title":"«empezar por» + infinitive","body":"«empezar por» plus an infinitive means 'to begin by (doing)': «empiezo por acercarme» = 'I begin by drawing near'. «que los haga felices» uses the subjunctive «haga» because the lie is purposeful/desired, not factual."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"no hubieran pasado de incomprendidos","title":"«no pasar de»","body":"«no pasar de» means 'to get no further than, to amount to no more than'. «no hubieran pasado de incomprendidos» = 'would have gone no further than being misunderstood'. «hubieran pasado» is pluperfect subjunctive in a counter-to-fact statement."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies empiezo","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"empiezo","lemma":"empezar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I begin"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of acercarme","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"acercarme","lemma":"acercar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"object of por","gloss":"drawing near"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desgraciados","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of desgraciados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desgraciados","lemma":"desgraciado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of acercarme","gloss":"wretched ones"},{"surface":"darles","lemma":"dar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with acercarme, complement of empiezo","gloss":"giving them"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks objetivo as predicate complement of darles","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"objetivo","lemma":"objetivo","morphology":"noun","role":"object of por, predicate of darles","gloss":"aim"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking actividades","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of actividades","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"actividades","lemma":"actividad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies objetivo","gloss":"activities"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mentira","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of darles","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of haga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of haga","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"haga","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying mentira","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"felices","lemma":"feliz","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"predicate complement of los","gloss":"happy"},{"surface":"inflando","lemma":"inflar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on haga","gloss":"inflating"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vanidad","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"vanidad","lemma":"vanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of inflando","gloss":"vanity"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"estos","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of diablos","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"pobres","lemma":"pobre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies diablos","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"diablos","lemma":"diablo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of serán","gloss":"devils"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of pasado","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"abandonados","lemma":"abandonado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying diablos","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sí","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of abandonados","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"mismos","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"intensifies sí","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pasado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hubieran","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of pasado","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"pasado","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause verb modifying diablos","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking incomprendidos","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"incomprendidos","lemma":"incomprendido","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de, complement of pasado","gloss":"misunderstood"},{"surface":"serán","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to material","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of material","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"precioso","lemma":"precioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies material","gloss":"precious"},{"surface":"material","lemma":"material","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominal of serán","gloss":"material"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of con, complement of produciremos","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"produciremos","lemma":"producir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clause modifying material","gloss":"we will produce"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of potencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"potencia","lemma":"potencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of produciremos","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vapor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vapor","lemma":"vapor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to potencia","gloss":"steam"}]},{"number":217,"label":"75","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p75-s1","source":"–Usted se va por las ramas.","translation":"\"You are going off on tangents.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p75-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"irse por las ramas","title":"«irse por las ramas»","body":"«irse por las ramas» literally 'to go off into the branches' is the Spanish idiom for 'to beat about the bush, to digress, to go off on tangents'. Barsut is complaining that the Astrologer keeps avoiding the real question."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of va","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of va","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ramas","gloss":"off on"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ramas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ramas","lemma":"rama","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of va","gloss":"tangents","note":"Idiom 'irse por las ramas' = to go off on tangents / beat around the bush (literally 'to go by the branches')."}]},{"number":218,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p75-s2","source":"Yo le pregunto qué fin personal persigue usted al querer organizar la sociedad.","translation":"I am asking you what personal aim you pursue in wanting to organize the society.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p75-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"al querer","title":"«al» + infinitive","body":"«al» plus an infinitive means 'on / in (doing)': «al querer organizar» = 'in wanting to organize'. It compresses a clause of circumstance into two words. «fin» here means 'aim, end, purpose'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of pregunto","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pregunto","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"pregunto","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am asking"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of fin","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of persigue","gloss":"aim"},{"surface":"personal","lemma":"personal","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies fin","gloss":"personal"},{"surface":"persigue","lemma":"perseguir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of pregunto","gloss":"pursue"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of persigue","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of querer","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"querer","lemma":"querer","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of organizar","gloss":"wanting"},{"surface":"organizar","lemma":"organizar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of querer","gloss":"to organize"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of organizar","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":219,"label":"76","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s1","source":"–Su pregunta es estúpida.","translation":"\"Your question is stupid.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pregunta","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"pregunta","lemma":"pregunta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of estúpida","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to estúpida","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"estúpida","lemma":"estúpido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"stupid"}]},{"number":220,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s2","source":"¿Para qué inventó Einstein su teoría?","translation":"What did Einstein invent his theory for?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿Para qué...?","title":"«¿Para qué?» vs «¿Por qué?»","body":"«¿Para qué?» asks 'for what purpose? / to what end?', whereas «¿Por qué?» asks 'for what reason / why?'. «inventó» is the preterite of «inventar» — a single completed act in the past."}],"words":[{"surface":"Para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of inventó","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"inventó","lemma":"inventar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"invented"},{"surface":"Einstein","lemma":"Einstein","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of inventó","gloss":"Einstein"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of teoría","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"teoría","lemma":"teoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of inventó","gloss":"theory"}]},{"number":221,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s3","source":"Bien puede el mundo pasarse sin la teoría de Einstein.","translation":"The world can well do without Einstein's theory.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pasarse sin","title":"«pasarse sin»","body":"«pasar(se) sin» means 'to do / get by without'. «puede pasarse sin» = 'can do without'. The adverb «bien» before «puede» intensifies it: 'can perfectly well do without'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puede","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pasarse","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of puede","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"pasarse","lemma":"pasar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of puede","gloss":"do without","note":"Idiom 'pasarse sin' = to do without / manage without."},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking teoría","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of teoría","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"teoría","lemma":"teoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasarse","gloss":"theory"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Einstein","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Einstein","lemma":"Einstein","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies teoría","gloss":"Einstein"}]},{"number":222,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s4","source":"¿Sé yo acaso si soy un instrumento de las fuerzas superiores, en las que no creo una palabra?","translation":"Do I even know whether I am an instrument of the higher forces, in which I do not believe a word?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"acaso","title":"«acaso» in questions","body":"In a question «acaso» adds a rhetorical, doubting tone: '(do I) even / perhaps (know)...?', expecting the answer 'no'. «si soy» uses «si» meaning 'whether', introducing an indirect yes/no question."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of Sé","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"acaso","lemma":"acaso","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Sé","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of soy","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to instrumento","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instrumento","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"instrumento","lemma":"instrumento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominal of soy","gloss":"instrument"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fuerzas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fuerzas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fuerzas","lemma":"fuerza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies instrumento","gloss":"forces"},{"surface":"superiores","lemma":"superior","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies fuerzas","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of creo","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"creo","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying fuerzas","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of palabra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"palabra","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of creo","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":223,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s5","source":"Yo no sé nada.","translation":"I know nothing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of sé","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of sé","gloss":"nothing"}]},{"number":224,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s6","source":"El mundo es misterioso.","translation":"The world is mysterious.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of misterioso","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to misterioso","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"misterioso","lemma":"misterioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mysterious"}]},{"number":225,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s7","source":"Posiblemente yo no sea nada más que el sirviente, el criado que prepara una hermosa casa en la que ha de venir a morir el Elegido, el Santo.","translation":"Possibly I am nothing more than the servant, the manservant who prepares a beautiful house in which the Chosen One, the Saint, must come to die.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p76-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Posiblemente... no sea","title":"Subjunctive after «posiblemente»","body":"Adverbs of possibility like «posiblemente» can take the subjunctive to mark genuine uncertainty: «no sea» = 'I may not be / I am perhaps not'. «ha de venir» («haber de» + infinitive) expresses obligation or destiny: 'is to come / must come'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Posiblemente","lemma":"posiblemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sea","gloss":"possibly"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of nada","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sea","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to nada","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces sirviente as complement of nada","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sirviente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sirviente","lemma":"sirviente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of nada","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of criado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"criado","lemma":"criado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to sirviente","gloss":"manservant"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of prepara","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"prepara","lemma":"preparar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying criado","gloss":"prepares"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hermosa","lemma":"hermoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of prepara","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of venir","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of venir","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of venir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"venir","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying casa","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of morir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"morir","lemma":"morir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of venir","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Elegido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Elegido","lemma":"elegido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of venir","gloss":"Chosen One"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Santo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Santo","lemma":"Santo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Elegido","gloss":"Saint"}]},{"number":226,"label":"77","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p77-s1","source":"Barsut sonrió imperceptiblemente.","translation":"Barsut smiled imperceptibly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p77-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sonrió","title":"Preterite «sonrió»","body":"«sonrió» is the preterite of «sonreír» — a single, completed action: 'he smiled'. Contrast the earlier «sonreía» (imperfect, 'was smiling') used of Erdosain for a continuous state."}],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sonrió","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"sonrió","lemma":"sonreír","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"imperceptiblemente","lemma":"imperceptiblemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sonrió","gloss":"imperceptibly"}]},{"number":227,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p77-s2","source":"Aquel hombre hablando del Elegido con su oreja arrepollada, su melena hirsuta y delantal de carpintero le causaba una impresión irónica, indefinible.","translation":"That man speaking of the Chosen One, with his cauliflower ear, his bristling mane, and his carpenter's apron, made on him an ironic, indefinable impression.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p77-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"oreja arrepollada","title":"«arrepollada» / «hirsuta»","body":"«arrepollada» (from «repollo», 'cabbage') describes an ear swollen and folded like a cabbage — a 'cauliflower ear'. «hirsuta» means 'bristly, shaggy'. The two details fix the Astrologer's coarse, theatrical look."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of causaba","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"hablando","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund phrase modifying hombre","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Elegido","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Elegido","lemma":"elegido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of del (hablando de)","gloss":"Chosen One"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oreja","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oreja","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"oreja","lemma":"oreja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of con (describes hombre)","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"arrepollada","lemma":"arrepollado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies oreja","gloss":"cauliflower"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of melena","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"melena","lemma":"melena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with oreja (object of con)","gloss":"mane"},{"surface":"hirsuta","lemma":"hirsuto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies melena","gloss":"bristling"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"delantal","lemma":"delantal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with oreja, melena (object of con)","gloss":"apron"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking carpintero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"carpintero","lemma":"carpintero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies delantal","gloss":"carpenter's"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of causaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"causaba","lemma":"causar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impresión","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"impresión","lemma":"impresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of causaba","gloss":"impression"},{"surface":"irónica","lemma":"irónico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies impresión","gloss":"ironic"},{"surface":"indefinible","lemma":"indefinible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies impresión","gloss":"indefinable"}]},{"number":228,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p77-s3","source":"¿Hasta qué punto fingía aquel bribón?","translation":"To what point was that rascal pretending?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p77-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bribón","title":"«bribón» / «fingía»","body":"«bribón» is 'rogue, rascal, scoundrel'. «fingía» is the imperfect of «fingir» ('to pretend, feign'), here for an ongoing question: 'was he pretending?'. «hasta qué punto» = 'to what extent / point'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking punto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of punto","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"punto","lemma":"punto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fingía","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"fingía","lemma":"fingir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was pretending"},{"surface":"aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bribón","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"bribón","lemma":"bribón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fingía","gloss":"rascal"}]},{"number":229,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p77-s4","source":"Y lo curioso es que no podía irritarse contra él, lo dominaba del hombre una sensación imprecisa, lo que le decía no era inesperado, sino que hasta parecía haber escuchado aquellas frases, con el mismo tono de voz, en otra circunstancia distante, como perdida en el gris paisaje de un sueño.","translation":"And the curious thing was that he could not feel irritated against him; something vague about the man overcame him; what he said was not unexpected — rather, he even seemed to have heard those phrases, in the same tone of voice, in another, distant circumstance, as if lost in the gray landscape of a dream.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p77-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no... sino que","title":"«no... sino que»","body":"«no era inesperado, sino que parecía...» uses the correction structure «no... sino» ('not... but rather'). The «que» appears because what follows is a full clause: 'not unexpected, but rather he seemed...'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"lo dominaba del hombre una sensación imprecisa","title":"«del hombre» = 'about the man'","body":"Here «del hombre» modifies «una sensación»: 'a vague sensation about / coming from the man overcame him'. The word order is inverted for literary effect, placing the verb «dominaba» before its subject «una sensación»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies es","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"article, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of curioso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"curioso","lemma":"curioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"curious thing"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of podía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies podía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of irritarse","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"irritarse","lemma":"irritar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"get irritated"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of irritarse","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dominaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"dominaba","lemma":"dominar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of coordinate clause","gloss":"overcame"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sensación","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sensación","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sensación","lemma":"sensación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of dominaba","gloss":"sensation"},{"surface":"imprecisa","lemma":"impreciso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sensación","gloss":"vague"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"article, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of decía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of decía","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying lo que (subject of era)","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inesperado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to inesperado","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inesperado","lemma":"inesperado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"unexpected"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase sino","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies parecía","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb, coordinated with era (via sino que)","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"haber","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of escuchado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"escuchado","lemma":"escuchar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of parecía","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"aquellas","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of frases","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"frases","lemma":"frase","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of escuchado","gloss":"phrases"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tono","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tono","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tono","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"tono","lemma":"tono","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of escuchado","gloss":"tone"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voz","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"voz","lemma":"voz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tono","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking circunstancia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of circunstancia","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"circunstancia","lemma":"circunstancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of parecía","gloss":"circumstance"},{"surface":"distante","lemma":"distante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies circunstancia","gloss":"distant"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of perdida","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"perdida","lemma":"perdido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies circunstancia","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paisaje","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paisaje","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gris","lemma":"gris","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies paisaje","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"paisaje","lemma":"paisaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of perdida","gloss":"landscape"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sueño","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sueño","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sueño","lemma":"sueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies paisaje","gloss":"dream"}]},{"number":230,"label":"78","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p78-s1","source":"La voz del Astrólogo se hizo menos imperiosa.","translation":"The Astrologer's voice grew less imperious.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p78-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se hizo","title":"«hacerse» = 'to become'","body":"«hacerse» (pronominal) expresses a change of state achieved gradually or through effort: «se hizo menos imperiosa» = 'became less imperious'. «hizo» is the preterite of «hacer»."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voz","lemma":"voz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hizo","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies voz","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of hizo","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"hizo","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew","note":"'hacerse' + adjective = 'to become/grow' + adjective."},{"surface":"menos","lemma":"menos","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies imperiosa","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"imperiosa","lemma":"imperioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of hizo (via se)","gloss":"imperious"}]},{"number":231,"label":"79","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s1","source":"–Créame, siempre ocurre así en los tiempos de inquietud y desorientación.","translation":"\"Believe me, it always happens this way in times of unrest and disorientation.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Créame","title":"Imperative «créame»","body":"«créame» is the «usted» imperative of «creer» with the object pronoun «me» attached: 'believe me'. Object pronouns attach to the end of affirmative commands, and a written accent keeps the original stress."}],"words":[{"surface":"Créame","lemma":"creer yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal second-person, singular","role":"independent imperative clause","gloss":"believe me"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ocurre","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ocurre","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happens"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ocurre","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiempos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tiempos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiempos","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ocurre","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inquietud","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"inquietud","lemma":"inquietud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tiempos","gloss":"unrest"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"desorientación","lemma":"desorientación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with inquietud","gloss":"disorientation"}]},{"number":232,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s2","source":"Algunos pocos se anticipan con un presentimiento de que algo formidable debe ocurrir...","translation":"A select few anticipate it with a presentiment that something formidable is about to happen...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"presentimiento","title":"«presentimiento»","body":"«presentimiento» is a 'foreboding, premonition, presentiment' — a felt sense that something is coming. «anticiparse» (pronominal) means 'to get ahead, act in advance'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Algunos","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pocos","gloss":"a select"},{"surface":"pocos","lemma":"poco","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of anticipan","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of anticipan","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"anticipan","lemma":"anticipar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"anticipate"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking presentimiento","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of presentimiento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"presentimiento","lemma":"presentimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of con","gloss":"presentiment"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ocurrir","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ocurrir","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ocurrir","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"formidable","lemma":"formidable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"formidable"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ocurrir","gloss":"is about to"},{"surface":"ocurrir","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying presentimiento","gloss":"happen"}]},{"number":233,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s3","source":"Esos intuitivos, yo formo parte de ese gremio de expectantes, se creen en el deber de excitar la conciencia de la sociedad..., de hacer algo aunque ese algo sean disparates.","translation":"Those intuitive ones — I belong to that guild of the expectant — believe themselves duty-bound to rouse the conscience of society..., to do something even if that something is nonsense.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aunque... sean","title":"Subjunctive after «aunque»","body":"«aunque» ('even if / even though') takes the subjunctive «sean» when the outcome is hypothetical or conceded rather than asserted as fact: 'even if that something should be nonsense'. «disparates» = 'nonsense, follies'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gremio","title":"«gremio»","body":"«gremio» originally a 'guild' of tradesmen, here means a 'fraternity / brotherhood' of like-minded people: «ese gremio de expectantes» = 'that guild of the expectant', those who wait for the great event."}],"words":[{"surface":"Esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of intuitivos","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"intuitivos","lemma":"intuitivo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"subject of creen","gloss":"intuitive ones"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of formo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"formo","lemma":"formar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of parenthetical clause","gloss":"belong"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"direct object of formo, idiom 'formar parte de' (to be part of)","gloss":"part","note":"Idiom 'formar parte de' = 'to be part of / belong to.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gremio","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gremio","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gremio","lemma":"gremio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de (modifies parte)","gloss":"guild"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking expectantes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"expectantes","lemma":"expectante","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"modifies gremio","gloss":"expectant"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of creen","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"creen","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking deber","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of deber","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"deber","lemma":"deber","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of en","gloss":"duty"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of excitar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"excitar","lemma":"excitar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying deber","gloss":"rouse"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of conciencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"conciencia","lemma":"conciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of excitar","gloss":"conscience"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies conciencia","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with excitar (complement of deber)","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sean","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of algo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of disparates","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"sean","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to disparates","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"disparates","lemma":"disparate","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"nonsense"}]},{"number":234,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s4","source":"Mi algo en esta circunstancia es la sociedad secreta.","translation":"My something, in this circumstance, is the secret society.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of algo","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sociedad","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking circunstancia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of circunstancia","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"circunstancia","lemma":"circunstancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"circumstance"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sociedad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"secreta","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sociedad","gloss":"secret"}]},{"number":235,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s5","source":"¡Gran Dios!","translation":"Great God!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gran","lemma":"gran","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Dios","gloss":"Great"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"God"}]},{"number":236,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s6","source":"¿Sabe acaso el hombre la consecuencia de sus actos?","translation":"Does man even know the consequence of his acts?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"acaso","title":"Rhetorical «acaso»","body":"«acaso» in a question signals a rhetorical, doubting tone implying the answer 'no': '(does man) even / really (know)?'. «el hombre» is used generically here for 'man / mankind'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"acaso","lemma":"acaso","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Sabe","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Sabe","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of consecuencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"consecuencia","lemma":"consecuencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Sabe","gloss":"consequence"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking actos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of actos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"actos","lemma":"acto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies consecuencia","gloss":"acts"}]},{"number":237,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s7","source":"Cuando pienso que voy a poner en movimiento un mundo de títeres..., títeres que se multiplicarán, me estremezco, hasta llego a pensar que lo que puede ocurrir es tan ajeno a mi voluntad como lo serían a la voluntad del dueño de una usina las bestialidades que ejecutara en el tablero un electricista que se hubiera vuelto repentinamente loco, Y a pesar de ellos siento la imperiosa necesidad de poner en marcha esto, de reunir en un solo manojo la disforme potencia de cien psicologías distintas, de armonizarlas mediante el egoísmo, la vanidad, los deseos y las ilusiones, teniendo como base la mentira y como realidad el oro..., el oro rojo...","translation":"When I think that I am going to set in motion a world of puppets..., puppets that will multiply, I shudder; I even come to think that what may happen is as alien to my will as, to the will of the owner of a power plant, would be the savageries carried out at the switchboard by an electrician who had suddenly gone mad. And in spite of them I feel the urgent need to set this going, to gather into a single bundle the misshapen power of a hundred different psychologies, to harmonize them by means of selfishness, vanity, desires, and illusions, having the lie as a base and gold as a reality..., red gold...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p79-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tan ajeno... como lo serían","title":"Comparison «tan... como»","body":"«tan ajeno a mi voluntad como lo serían... las bestialidades» is a comparison of equality, 'as alien to my will as the savageries would be'. «serían» (conditional) and «ejecutara» / «hubiera vuelto» (past subjunctives) build a layered hypothetical of madness at a power plant."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"usina","title":"«usina» (River Plate)","body":"«usina» is the River Plate word for a 'power plant / generating station' (from French «usine», factory), common in Argentine usage where Spain would say «central eléctrica». «un solo manojo» = 'a single bundle / handful'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pienso","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"pienso","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on estremezco","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of poner","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of poner","gloss":"am going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of poner","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"poner","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of voy","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking movimiento","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"movimiento","lemma":"movimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of poner","gloss":"motion"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of poner","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking títeres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"títeres","lemma":"títere","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"puppets"},{"surface":"títeres","lemma":"títere","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to mundo","gloss":"puppets","note":"Arlt repeats 'títeres' for emphasis after the ellipsis, resuming 'un mundo de títeres' as 'puppets that will multiply.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of multiplicarán","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of multiplicarán","gloss":"reflexive particle"},{"surface":"multiplicarán","lemma":"multiplicar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying títeres","gloss":"will multiply"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of estremezco","gloss":"reflexive particle"},{"surface":"estremezco","lemma":"estremecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb, coordinated with llego","gloss":"shudder"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llego","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"llego","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pensar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pensar","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of llego","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ajeno","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"determiner, neuter","role":"part of the phrase que (lo que = subject of es)","gloss":"what","note":"'lo que' = 'what/that which' — 'lo' nominalizes the following relative clause 'que puede ocurrir.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ocurrir","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ocurrir","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ocurrir","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of puede","gloss":"happen"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to ajeno","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ajeno","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ajeno","lemma":"ajeno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"alien"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voluntad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of voluntad","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"voluntad","lemma":"voluntad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of a, complement of ajeno","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of serían","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, neuter","role":"predicate pronoun referring to ajeno, complement of serían","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"serían","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"copula (subject bestialidades, complement lo)","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voluntad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voluntad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voluntad","lemma":"voluntad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of serían","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dueño","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"dueño","lemma":"dueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies voluntad","gloss":"owner"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usina","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of usina","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"usina","lemma":"usina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies dueño","gloss":"power plant","note":"'usina' is Rioplatense Spanish for 'power plant' (generating station)."},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of bestialidades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bestialidades","lemma":"bestialidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of serían","gloss":"savageries"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ejecutara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ejecutara","lemma":"ejecutar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying bestialidades","gloss":"carried out"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tablero","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tablero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tablero","lemma":"tablero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ejecutara","gloss":"switchboard"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of electricista","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"electricista","lemma":"electricista","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"subject of ejecutara","gloss":"electrician"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of vuelto","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of vuelto","gloss":"reflexive particle"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of vuelto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"vuelto","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying electricista","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"repentinamente","lemma":"repentinamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies loco","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of vuelto","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"heads the phrase a pesar de, marking ellos","gloss":"in spite","note":"'a pesar de' = 'in spite of', a fixed idiom split across three tokens (a / pesar / de)."},{"surface":"pesar","lemma":"pesar","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"spite"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"object of a pesar de, modifies siento","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"siento","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of necesidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"imperiosa","lemma":"imperioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies necesidad","gloss":"urgent"},{"surface":"necesidad","lemma":"necesidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of siento","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of poner","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"poner","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying necesidad","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marcha","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"marcha","lemma":"marcha","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with poner","gloss":"motion"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of poner","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of reunir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"reunir","lemma":"reunir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with poner, clause modifying necesidad","gloss":"gather"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manojo","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of manojo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies manojo","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"manojo","lemma":"manojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of reunir","gloss":"bundle"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of potencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"disforme","lemma":"disforme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies potencia","gloss":"misshapen"},{"surface":"potencia","lemma":"potencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of reunir","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking psicologías","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cien","lemma":"cien","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies psicologías","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"psicologías","lemma":"psicología","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies potencia","gloss":"psychologies"},{"surface":"distintas","lemma":"distinto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies psicologías","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of armonizarlas","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"armonizarlas","lemma":"armonizar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with reunir","gloss":"harmonize them"},{"surface":"mediante","lemma":"mediante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking egoísmo","gloss":"by means of"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of egoísmo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"egoísmo","lemma":"egoísmo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of armonizarlas","gloss":"selfishness"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vanidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vanidad","lemma":"vanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with egoísmo","gloss":"vanity"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of deseos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"deseos","lemma":"deseo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with egoísmo","gloss":"desires"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ilusiones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ilusiones","lemma":"ilusión","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with egoísmo","gloss":"illusions"},{"surface":"teniendo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on siento","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of base","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"base","lemma":"base","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"oblique complement of teniendo","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mentira","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of teniendo","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of realidad","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of teniendo (parallel to base)","gloss":"reality"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of teniendo","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to oro","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"rojo","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oro","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":238,"label":"80","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p80-s1","source":"–Usted está en lo cierto...","translation":"\"You are right...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p80-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"estar en lo cierto","title":"«estar en lo cierto»","body":"«estar en lo cierto» is a fixed phrase meaning 'to be right, to be correct'. Literally 'to be in the certain (thing)', it stresses correctness about a fact rather than moral rightness."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cierto","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cierto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"determiner, neuter","role":"determiner of cierto","gloss":"the","note":"'lo cierto' = neuter 'lo' + adjective, forming an abstract noun ('what is right'); 'estar en lo cierto' is an idiom meaning 'to be right.'"},{"surface":"cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":239,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p80-s2","source":"Usted va a triunfar.","translation":"You are going to triumph.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p80-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of triunfar","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of triunfar","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of triunfar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"triunfar","lemma":"triunfar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"triumph"}]},{"number":240,"label":"81","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p81-s1","source":"–Bueno, ¿qué es ahora lo que espera de mí? –replicó Barsut.","translation":"\"Well, what is it that you now expect of me?\" Barsut replied.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p81-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo que espera de mí","title":"«lo que» + «esperar de»","body":"«lo que espera de mí» = 'what you expect of me'; «lo que» nominalizes the clause ('the thing that'). «esperar de alguien» means 'to expect from / of someone'. «replicó» is the preterite of «replicar» ('to reply, retort')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bueno","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula, links qué to lo que espera de mí","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies espera","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"determiner, neuter","role":"part of the phrase que (lo que = subject of es)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of espera","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"espera","lemma":"esperar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (implied subject: usted)","gloss":"expect"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"object of de, oblique complement of espera","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"replicó","lemma":"replicar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quotative clause","gloss":"replied"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of replicó","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":241,"label":"82","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p82-s1","source":"–Ya le dije antes.","translation":"\"I already told you before.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p82-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ya","title":"«ya» = 'already'","body":"«ya» here means 'already': «ya le dije» = 'I already told you'. «dije» is the irregular preterite of «decir» ('to say, tell'). «le» is the indirect object, 'to you' (formal)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dije","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dije","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dije","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dije","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":242,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p82-s2","source":"Que nos firme el cheque por diecisiete mil pesos.","translation":"That you sign us the check for seventeen thousand pesos.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p82-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Que nos firme","title":"«Que» + subjunctive as command","body":"«Que nos firme el cheque» is an indirect command: 'that you sign us the check', i.e. 'you are to sign'. «firme» is present subjunctive of «firmar» («usted»), continuing the sense of «le dije que...» ('I told you to...')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of firme","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of firme","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"firme","lemma":"firmar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of firme","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diecisiete","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"diecisiete","lemma":"diecisiete","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"seventeen"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with diecisiete","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of firme","gloss":"pesos"}]},{"number":243,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p82-s3","source":"A usted le quedarán tres mil.","translation":"You will be left with three thousand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p82-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le quedarán","title":"«quedar» like «gustar»","body":"«quedar» here works like «gustar»: the money is the subject and the person an indirect object. «A usted le quedarán tres mil» = literally 'three thousand will remain to you', i.e. 'you will be left with three thousand'."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"object of A, doubling le","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of quedarán","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"quedarán","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be left"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies mil","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject of quedarán","gloss":"thousand"}]},{"number":244,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p82-s4","source":"Con eso puede irse al diablo.","translation":"With that you can go to the devil.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p82-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"irse al diablo","title":"«irse al diablo»","body":"«irse al diablo» literally 'to go to the devil' means 'to clear off, get lost, go to hell'. Said to Barsut, it dismisses him once he has the money — 'and good riddance'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"With"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of irse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of irse","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"irse","lemma":"ir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diablo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"diablo","lemma":"diablo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of irse","gloss":"devil"}]},{"number":245,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p82-s5","source":"El resto se lo pagaremos en cuotas mensuales con lo que rindan los prostíbulos y los lavaderos.","translation":"The rest we will pay you in monthly installments out of what the brothels and the laundries bring in.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p82-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"con lo que rindan","title":"Subjunctive «rindan»","body":"«rindan» is present subjunctive of «rendir» ('to yield, bring in'). After «lo que» pointing to an unknown future amount, Spanish uses the subjunctive: 'with whatever the brothels and laundries may bring in'. «lavaderos» = 'laundries, washhouses'."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of resto","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"resto","lemma":"resto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pagaremos (fronted, doubled by lo)","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of pagaremos","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pagaremos","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"pagaremos","lemma":"pagar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will pay"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuotas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cuotas","lemma":"cuota","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pagaremos","gloss":"installments"},{"surface":"mensuales","lemma":"mensual","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies cuotas","gloss":"monthly"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rindan","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"determiner, neuter","role":"part of the phrase que (lo que = object of con)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of rindan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"rindan","lemma":"rendir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying lo (adverbial on pagaremos)","gloss":"bring in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of prostíbulos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"prostíbulos","lemma":"prostíbulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of rindan","gloss":"brothels"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of lavaderos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lavaderos","lemma":"lavadero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with prostíbulos","gloss":"laundries"}]},{"number":246,"label":"83","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p83-s1","source":"–¿Y saldré de aquí?","translation":"\"And will I get out of here?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p83-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"saldré","title":"Irregular future «saldré»","body":"«saldré» is the future of «salir» ('to leave, go out'), one of the irregular futures with an inserted «-d-» (salir → saldré, like tener → tendré). It means 'I will get out / leave'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies saldré","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"saldré","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will get out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aquí","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies saldré","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":247,"label":"84","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p84-s1","source":"–En cuanto cobremos el cheque.","translation":"\"As soon as we cash the check.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p84-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"En cuanto cobremos","title":"«en cuanto» + subjunctive","body":"«en cuanto» ('as soon as') takes the subjunctive «cobremos» for an action still in the future: 'as soon as we cash it'. «cobrar» means 'to cash, collect, charge (money)'."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"heads the phrase en cuanto, introduces the clause of cobremos","gloss":"As soon","note":"'en cuanto' = 'as soon as', a fixed subordinating conjunction split across two tokens."},{"surface":"cuanto","lemma":"cuanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase En","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"cobremos","lemma":"cobrar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cash"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cobremos","gloss":"check"}]},{"number":248,"label":"85","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p85-s1","source":"–¿Y cómo me prueba usted de que ésas son sus verdades?","translation":"\"And how do you prove to me that those are your truths?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p85-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies prueba","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"oblique complement of prueba","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of prueba","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"prueba","lemma":"probar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"prove"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of prueba","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement clause (dequeísmo)","gloss":"that","note":"'probar de que' is dequeísmo, a colloquial Rioplatense insertion of 'de' before 'que' where standard Spanish would just use 'que.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of verdades","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ésas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of son","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to verdades","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of verdades","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"verdades","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of son","gloss":"truths"}]},{"number":249,"label":"86","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p86-s1","source":"–Ciertas cosas no se prueban...","translation":"\"Certain things are not proved...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p86-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no se prueban","title":"Passive «se»","body":"«no se prueban» uses the passive/impersonal «se»: 'are not proved / one does not prove'. The verb agrees with the plural subject «cosas». «probar» means 'to prove' (also 'to taste, try')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ciertas","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"Certain"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of prueban","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies prueban","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"passive particle of prueban","gloss":"passive particle"},{"surface":"prueban","lemma":"probar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are proved"}]},{"number":250,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p86-s2","source":"Pero ya que usted me pide una prueba, le diré: Si usted se niega a firmarme el cheque lo haré torturar por el Hombre que vio a la Partera, y después que me haya firmado el cheque lo mataré...","translation":"But since you ask me for proof, I will tell you: If you refuse to sign me the check, I will have you tortured by the Man Who Saw the Midwife, and after you have signed me the check I will kill you...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p86-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo haré torturar","title":"Causative «hacer» + infinitive","body":"«hacer» plus an infinitive is causative: «lo haré torturar» = 'I will have him tortured / make him be tortured'. «por el Hombre...» names the agent. «negarse a» (pronominal) means 'to refuse to'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies diré","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase que (ya que = since)","gloss":"since","note":"'ya que' = 'since/given that', a fixed causal conjunction."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase ya","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of pide","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pide","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"pide","lemma":"pedir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on diré","gloss":"ask"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of prueba","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"prueba","lemma":"prueba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of pide","gloss":"proof"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of diré","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"diré","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of niega","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of niega","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of niega","gloss":"reflexive particle"},{"surface":"niega","lemma":"negar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on haré","gloss":"refuse"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking firmarme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"firmarme","lemma":"firmar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of niega","gloss":"sign me"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of firmarme","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of haré","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"haré","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the result clause (apodosis of Si)","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"torturar","lemma":"torturar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of haré","gloss":"tortured"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hombre","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Hombre","lemma":"Hombre","morphology":"proper noun","role":"agent of torturar (object of por)","gloss":"Man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of vio","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"vio","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Hombre","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a, marks Partera as direct object","gloss":"personal a","note":"The 'personal a' is required before a definite direct object referring to a person; it has no independent translation."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Partera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Partera","lemma":"Partera","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of vio","gloss":"Midwife"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase que (después que = after)","gloss":"after","note":"'después que' = 'after', a fixed temporal conjunction."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of firmado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of firmado","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"haya","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of firmado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"firmado","lemma":"firmar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on mataré","gloss":"signed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of firmado","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mataré","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mataré","lemma":"matar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause, coordinated with haré","gloss":"will kill"}]},{"number":251,"label":"87","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s1","source":"Barsut levantó sus ojos descoloridos, y ahora su rostro con barba de tres días parecía envuelto en una neblina de cobre.","translation":"Barsut raised his colorless eyes, and now his face, with its three-day beard, seemed wrapped in a copper-colored mist.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"barba de tres días","title":"«barba de tres días»","body":"«barba de tres días» literally 'three-day beard' is the everyday phrase for stubble, an unshaven face. «descoloridos» = 'colorless, faded, pallid'; «neblina» = 'mist, haze'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of levantó","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"descoloridos","lemma":"descolorido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ojos","gloss":"colorless"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies parecía","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of parecía","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barba","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"barba","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"beard"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking días","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies días","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies barba","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause, coordinated with levantó","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"envuelto","lemma":"envuelto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parecía","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neblina","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of neblina","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"neblina","lemma":"neblina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of parecía","gloss":"mist"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cobre","lemma":"cobre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies neblina","gloss":"copper"}]},{"number":252,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s2","source":"¡Matarlo!","translation":"To kill him!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Matarlo","lemma":"matar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"To kill him"}]},{"number":253,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s3","source":"La palabra no le causó ninguna impresión.","translation":"The word made no impression on him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of palabra","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"palabra","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of causó","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies causó","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of causó","gloss":"on him"},{"surface":"causó","lemma":"causar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ninguna","lemma":"ninguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impresión","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"impresión","lemma":"impresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of causó","gloss":"impression"}]},{"number":254,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s4","source":"En ese momento carecía de sentido para él.","translation":"At that moment it was meaningless to him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"carecía de sentido","title":"«carecer de»","body":"«carecer de» means 'to lack, to be without'. «carecía de sentido» = 'lacked meaning, was meaningless'. «carecía» is the imperfect, describing an ongoing state at that moment."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of carecía","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"carecía","lemma":"carecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lacked"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sentido","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sentido","lemma":"sentido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of carecía","gloss":"meaning"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of carecía","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":255,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s5","source":"Además, la vida le importaba tan poco...","translation":"Besides, life mattered so little to him...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies importaba","gloss":"Besides"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of importaba","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of importaba","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"importaba","lemma":"importar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mattered"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies poco","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies importaba","gloss":"little"}]},{"number":256,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s6","source":"Hacía mucho tiempo que aguardaba una catástrofe; ésta se había producido, y en vez de sentirse acosado por el terror encontraba en el interior de si mismo una indiferencia cínica que se encogía de hombros ante cualquier destino.","translation":"He had been awaiting a catastrophe for a long time; it had now occurred, and instead of feeling besieged by terror he found within himself a cynical indifference that shrugged its shoulders at any fate whatever.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hacía mucho tiempo que aguardaba","title":"«hacía... que» + imperfect","body":"«Hacía mucho tiempo que aguardaba» = 'he had been awaiting for a long time'. The pattern «hacía + time + que + imperfect» expresses a past action still ongoing at the reference point — English uses the past perfect continuous."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"se encogía de hombros","title":"«encogerse de hombros»","body":"«encogerse de hombros» means 'to shrug one's shoulders'. The pronominal verb is used reflexively; «se encogía» (imperfect) here personifies the indifference itself as shrugging at any fate."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (impersonal hacía + time = 'it had been')","gloss":"had been"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Hacía (idiomatic hacía...que = had been ... since)","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of aguardaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"aguardaba","lemma":"aguardar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the clause completing the hacía...que construction","gloss":"was awaiting"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of catástrofe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"catástrofe","lemma":"catástrofe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of aguardaba","gloss":"catastrophe"},{"surface":"ésta","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of producido (refers to catástrofe)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of producido (producirse = to occur)","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of producido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"producido","lemma":"producir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause (había producido = had occurred)","gloss":"occurred"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the phrase en vez de (instead of)","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase en vez de","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en vez de","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sentirse","lemma":"sentirse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"verb of the infinitival clause introduced by en vez de","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"acosado","lemma":"acosado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sentirse (sentirse acosado = to feel besieged) — sentirse takes an adjectival/participial complement here, not a direct object","gloss":"besieged"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the agent phrase of acosado","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of terror","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terror","lemma":"terror","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of por, agent of acosado","gloss":"terror"},{"surface":"encontraba","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by y (coordinated with había producido)","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking interior","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of interior","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"interior","lemma":"interior","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"locative complement of encontraba (en el interior de = within)","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces sí mismo, complement of interior","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"sí","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, prepositional","role":"object of de, part of sí mismo (himself)","gloss":"himself","note":"The source lacks the accent here; this is 'sí' (the reflexive pronoun 'himself'), not the conjunction 'si' ('if')."},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective","role":"intensifies sí (sí mismo = himself)","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of indiferencia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"indiferencia","lemma":"indiferencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of encontraba","gloss":"indifference"},{"surface":"cínica","lemma":"cínico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies indiferencia","gloss":"cynical"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of encogía (relative pronoun, refers to indiferencia)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encogía (encogerse de hombros = to shrug one's shoulders)","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"encogía","lemma":"encoger","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause modifying indiferencia","gloss":"shrugged"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom encogerse de hombros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hombros","lemma":"hombro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de, complement of encogía","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking destino","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"cualquier","lemma":"cualquiera","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of destino","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"destino","lemma":"destino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encogía","gloss":"fate"}]},{"number":257,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s7","source":"El Astrólogo continuó:","translation":"The Astrologer continued:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p87-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of continuó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"continued"}]},{"number":258,"label":"88","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s1","source":"–Mas no quisiera llegar a eso...","translation":"\"But I should not like to come to that...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Mas no quisiera","title":"«mas» and softening «quisiera»","body":"«mas» (no accent) is a literary equivalent of «pero», 'but'. «quisiera», the imperfect subjunctive of «querer», is a courteous, softened way to say 'I would like / I should like'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating conjunction introducing the sentence","gloss":"But","note":"'Mas' (no accent) is a literary/archaic word for 'pero' (but) — not to be confused with 'más' (more)."},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quisiera","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"quisiera","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would like"},{"surface":"llegar","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quisiera","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of a (llegar a eso = to come to that)","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":259,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s2","source":"Lo que yo quisiera es contar con su ayuda personal... que usted se interesara en nuestros proyectos.","translation":"What I should like is to count on your personal help... for you to take an interest in our projects.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"contar con","title":"«contar con»","body":"«contar con» means 'to count on, rely on, have the support of'. «se interesara» is the imperfect subjunctive of «interesarse» ('to take an interest'), governed by the wish «quisiera... que»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"article, neuter, singular","role":"antecedent of the relative que, forms lo que (= what)","gloss":"the","note":"'Lo que' = 'what' (neuter article + relative pronoun, a fixed construction)."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of quisiera (relative pronoun)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of quisiera","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"quisiera","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (subject of es)","gloss":"would like"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking the relative clause (subject) to contar (predicate)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"contar","lemma":"contar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"to count"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the object of contar (contar con = to count on)","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ayuda","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ayuda","lemma":"ayuda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of con, complement of contar","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"personal","lemma":"personal","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies ayuda","gloss":"personal"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces a second complement clause of the elided es (parallel to contar con su ayuda personal), not of quisiera — quisiera is already saturated inside the closed relative clause 'Lo que yo quisiera'","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of interesara","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of interesara (interesarse en = to take interest in)","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"interesara","lemma":"interesar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the clause complementing the elided es (que usted se interesara), parallel to contar — not a complement of quisiera","gloss":"take interest"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking proyectos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nuestros","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of proyectos","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"proyectos","lemma":"proyecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of en, complement of interesara","gloss":"projects"}]},{"number":260,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s3","source":"Créame, nosotros estamos viviendo en una época terrible.","translation":"Believe me, we are living in a terrible age.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Créame","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular, with attached direct object pronoun (me)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Believe me","note":"«Créame» = formal imperative crea (believe, usted command) + enclitic me — 'believe me.'"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"nosotros","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of estamos (progressive estamos viviendo)","gloss":"We"},{"surface":"estamos","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of viviendo","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"viviendo","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"main verb of the progressive periphrasis (estamos viviendo = are living)","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking época","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of época","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"época","lemma":"época","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of viviendo","gloss":"age"},{"surface":"terrible","lemma":"terrible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies época","gloss":"terrible"}]},{"number":261,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s4","source":"Aquel que encuentre la mentira que necesita la multitud será el Rey del Mundo.","translation":"He who finds the lie the multitude needs will be the King of the World.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Aquel que encuentre","title":"Subjunctive after «aquel que»","body":"«Aquel que encuentre» = 'he who finds / whoever finds'. The subjunctive «encuentre» marks an as-yet-unidentified person: anyone who turns out to find the lie. «será» is the simple future, 'will be'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"antecedent of the relative clause que encuentre, subject of será","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of encuentre (relative pronoun, modifies Aquel)","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"encuentre","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying Aquel","gloss":"finds"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mentira","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of encuentre","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of necesita (relative pronoun, refers to mentira)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"necesita","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying mentira","gloss":"needs"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of multitud","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"multitud","lemma":"multitud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of necesita","gloss":"multitude"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking Aquel (subject) to Rey (predicate)","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rey","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rey","lemma":"Rey","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate complement of será (Rey del Mundo = King of the World)","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mundo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Mundo","lemma":"Mundo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of del, completes the phrase Rey del Mundo","gloss":"World"}]},{"number":262,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s5","source":"Todos los hombres viven angustiados...","translation":"All men live in anguish...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"angustiados","title":"«angustiado» / «angustia»","body":"«angustiado» means 'anguished, distressed, full of dread'. The noun «angustia» ('anguish, dread') is one of the keynotes of Arlt's novel — the existential affliction binding all his characters."}],"words":[{"surface":"Todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of los (todos los hombres = all the men)","gloss":"All"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of viven","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"viven","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"angustiados","lemma":"angustiado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate adjective describing hombres (viven angustiados = live in anguish); vivir is intransitive here, not a true direct object","gloss":"in anguish"}]},{"number":263,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s6","source":"El catolicismo no satisface a nadie, el budismo no se presta para nuestro temperamento estragado por el deseo de gozar.","translation":"Catholicism satisfies no one; Buddhism is not suited to our temperament, ravaged by the desire for pleasure.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"no se presta para","title":"«prestarse para / a»","body":"«prestarse a / para» means 'to lend itself to, to be suited to'. «no se presta para nuestro temperamento» = 'is not suited to our temperament'. «estragado» = 'ruined, spoiled, ravaged'; «gozar» = 'to enjoy, take pleasure'."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of catolicismo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"catolicismo","lemma":"catolicismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of satisface","gloss":"Catholicism"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies satisface","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"satisface","lemma":"satisfacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"satisfies"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nadie (personal a)","gloss":"object marker","note":"This is the personal 'a', required before a direct object referring to people; it has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of satisface","gloss":"anyone","note":"Double negation: 'no ... a nadie' translates as English 'no one' (single negative)."},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of budismo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"budismo","lemma":"budismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of presta","gloss":"Buddhism"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies presta","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of presta (prestarse = to be suited)","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"presta","lemma":"prestar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause (no se presta = is not suited)","gloss":"is suited"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking temperamento","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nuestro","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of temperamento","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"temperamento","lemma":"temperamento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of presta","gloss":"temperament"},{"surface":"estragado","lemma":"estragado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies temperamento","gloss":"ravaged"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the agent phrase of estragado","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of deseo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"deseo","lemma":"deseo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of por, agent of estragado","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gozar (deseo de gozar = desire for pleasure)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"gozar","lemma":"gozar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying deseo","gloss":"to enjoy"}]},{"number":264,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s7","source":"Quizá hablemos de Lucifer y de la Estrella de la Tarde.","translation":"Perhaps we will speak of Lucifer and the Evening Star.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quizá hablemos","title":"Subjunctive after «quizá»","body":"«quizá» ('perhaps') often takes the subjunctive «hablemos» to stress real uncertainty: 'perhaps we may speak'. «la Estrella de la Tarde» ('the Evening Star', Venus) is here linked to Lucifer, the 'light-bringer'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablemos","gloss":"Perhaps"},{"surface":"hablemos","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will speak"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lucifer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Lucifer","lemma":"Lucifer","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of de, complement of hablemos","gloss":"Lucifer"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Estrella","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Estrella","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Estrella","lemma":"Estrella","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of de, coordinated with Lucifer","gloss":"Star"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tarde","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Tarde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tarde","lemma":"Tarde","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of de, completes Estrella de la Tarde (Evening Star)","gloss":"Evening"}]},{"number":265,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s8","source":"Usted le agregará a nuestro sueños toda la poesía que ellos necesitan, y nos dirigiremos a los jóvenes...","translation":"You will add to our dreams all the poetry they need, and we will address ourselves to the young...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nos dirigiremos a","title":"«dirigirse a»","body":"«dirigirse a» (pronominal) means 'to address / direct oneself to (an audience)'. «nos dirigiremos a los jóvenes» = 'we will address ourselves to the young'. Note «nuestro sueños» in the source lacks the plural «-s» on «nuestro» — a slip kept from the original."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of agregará","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object clitic anticipating a nuestro sueños (dative doubling)","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"agregará","lemma":"agregar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will add"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sueños","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nuestro","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sueños","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"sueños","lemma":"sueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of agregará","gloss":"dreams"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of la (toda la poesía = all the poetry)","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of poesía","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poesía","lemma":"poesía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of agregará","gloss":"poetry"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of necesitan (relative pronoun, refers to poesía)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"subject of necesitan","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"necesitan","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying poesía","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"nosotros","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dirigiremos (dirigirse a = to address oneself to)","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"dirigiremos","lemma":"dirigir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with agregará","gloss":"will address"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jóvenes","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of jóvenes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jóvenes","lemma":"joven","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"object of a, complement of dirigiremos","gloss":"young"}]},{"number":266,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s9","source":"¡Oh!, es muy grande esto... muy grande...","translation":"Oh!, this is very great... very great...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p88-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Oh","lemma":"Oh","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection, stands alone","gloss":"Oh"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking esto (subject) to grande (predicate)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grande","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es (postposed)","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grande","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"echoes muy grande for emphasis (fragmentary repetition)","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":267,"label":"89","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p89-s1","source":"El Astrólogo se dejó caer sobre el cajón.","translation":"The Astrologer let himself drop onto the crate.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p89-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"se dejó caer","title":"«dejarse caer»","body":"«dejarse caer» literally 'to let oneself fall' means 'to drop / flop / sink down'. «se dejó caer sobre el cajón» = 'he let himself drop onto the crate'. «cajón» here is a large box or packing crate."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dejó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive direct object of dejó (dejarse caer = to let oneself fall)","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"dejó","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"caer","lemma":"caer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dejó","gloss":"drop"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cajón","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cajón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cajón","lemma":"cajón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of caer","gloss":"crate"}]},{"number":268,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p89-s2","source":"Estaba extenuado.","translation":"He was exhausted.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p89-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"extenuado","title":"«extenuado»","body":"«extenuado» means 'exhausted, worn out, drained'. «Estaba extenuado» uses the imperfect of «estar» for a continuous state: 'he was exhausted'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to extenuado","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"extenuado","lemma":"extenuado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"exhausted"}]},{"number":269,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p89-s3","source":"Enjugóse el sudor de la frente con un pañuelo a cuadros como el de los labriegos, y los tres permanecieron un instante en silencio.","translation":"He wiped the sweat from his forehead with a checkered handkerchief like those of farmhands, and the three of them remained an instant in silence.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p89-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Enjugóse","title":"Enclitic pronoun «Enjugóse»","body":"«Enjugóse» is «se enjugó» with the pronoun attached to the end of the verb — a literary word order once common at the start of a sentence. «enjugarse» = 'to wipe/dry oneself'; «labriegos» = 'farmhands, peasants'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Enjugóse","lemma":"enjugar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular, with enclitic reflexive pronoun se","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wiped","note":"Enjugóse = enjugó (wiped) + se (enclitic reflexive pronoun), an older literary word order equivalent to 'se enjugó.'"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sudor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sudor","lemma":"sudor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Enjugóse","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the phrase de la frente (sudor de la frente = sweat from the brow)","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun","role":"object of de, complement of sudor","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pañuelo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pañuelo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pañuelo","lemma":"pañuelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of con, complement of Enjugóse","gloss":"handkerchief"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom a cuadros (checkered)","gloss":"in","note":"'a cuadros' is an idiom meaning 'checkered/plaid.'"},{"surface":"cuadros","lemma":"cuadro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"part of the idiom a cuadros, modifies pañuelo","gloss":"squares"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison (como el de los labriegos = like that of the farmhands)","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"pronoun referring to pañuelo (el de los labriegos = that of the farmhands)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces labriegos, complement of el","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of labriegos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"labriegos","lemma":"labriego","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de, complement of el","gloss":"farmhands"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"subject of permanecieron","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"permanecieron","lemma":"permanecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with Enjugóse","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instante","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"instante","lemma":"instante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of duration for permanecieron (un instante = for an instant); permanecer is intransitive, not a true direct object","gloss":"instant"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silencio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"silencio","lemma":"silencio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of permanecieron (en silencio = in silence)","gloss":"silence"}]},{"number":270,"label":"90","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p90-s1","source":"De pronto Barsut dijo:","translation":"Suddenly Barsut said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p90-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"De pronto","title":"«de pronto»","body":"«de pronto» is a fixed adverbial phrase meaning 'suddenly, all at once'. It often marks an abrupt turn in the action or in a character's resolve."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de pronto (suddenly), modifies dijo","gloss":"Suddenly","note":"'De pronto' is a fixed idiom meaning 'suddenly.'"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom de pronto, modifies dijo","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":271,"label":"91","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p91-s1","source":"–Sí, tiene usted razón, esto es muy grande.","translation":"\"Yes, you are right, this is very great.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p91-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tiene usted razón","title":"«tener razón»","body":"«tener razón» literally 'to have reason' is the standard way to say 'to be right': «tiene usted razón» = 'you are right'. Spanish 'has' the rightness rather than 'being' right."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"affirmative particle, stands at the start of the sentence","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (tener razón = to be right)","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"razón","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene (tener razón = to be right)","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking esto (subject) to grande (predicate)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grande","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":272,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p91-s2","source":"Suélteme, que le firmaré el cheque.","translation":"Let me go, and I will sign you the check.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p91-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Suélteme","title":"Imperative «suélteme»","body":"«suélteme» is the «usted» command of «soltar» ('to release, let go'), with «me» attached and a written accent preserving the stress. The stem changes o→ue: soltar → suelte. The «que» after it means 'and / for', introducing the promise."}],"words":[{"surface":"Suélteme","lemma":"soltar","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular, with attached direct object pronoun (me)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Let go of me","note":"«Suélteme» = formal imperative suelte (let go, usted command) + enclitic me — 'let go of me.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause explaining Suélteme (que = and/so, causal-consecutive)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of firmaré (to you)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"firmaré","lemma":"firmar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by que","gloss":"will sign"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of firmaré","gloss":"check"}]},{"number":273,"label":"92","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p92-s1","source":"Había pensado que todas las palabras del Astrólogo eran mentiras, y aquello casi le perdió.","translation":"He had thought that all the Astrologer's words were lies, and that very thing almost ruined him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p92-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Había pensado","title":"Pluperfect «había pensado»","body":"«había pensado» is the pluperfect (past perfect): 'he had thought' — an action completed before another past moment. «le perdió» here means 'ruined / undid him'; «perder» can mean 'to be the undoing of' a person."}],"words":[{"surface":"Había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pensado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"pensado","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of eran (complement of pensado)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of las","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of eran (copula, predicate = mentiras)","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies palabras (del Astrólogo = the Astrologer's)","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to mentiras","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"mentiras","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of eran (subject = palabras)","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aquello","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of perdió","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies perdió","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of perdió (leísmo)","gloss":"him","note":"Leísmo: 'le' stands in for 'lo' as the masculine direct object here, not a true indirect object."},{"surface":"perdió","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause coordinated with Había pensado (via y)","gloss":"ruined"}]},{"number":274,"label":"93","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p93-s1","source":"El Astrólogo se levantó caviloso:","translation":"The Astrologer got up, brooding:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p93-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"caviloso","title":"«caviloso»","body":"«caviloso» means 'pensive, brooding, given to anxious turning-over of thoughts' (from «cavilar», 'to ponder/brood'). It describes the Astrologer's manner as he rises."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of levantó (levantarse = to get up)","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got up"},{"surface":"caviloso","lemma":"caviloso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective describing Astrólogo (se levantó caviloso = got up brooding); levantarse is intransitive/reflexive, not a true direct object","gloss":"brooding"}]},{"number":275,"label":"94","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p94-s1","source":"–Perdón, yo le pondré a usted en libertad después que haya cobrado el cheque.","translation":"\"Pardon me, I will set you free after I have cashed the check.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p94-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"después que haya cobrado","title":"Subjunctive after «después que»","body":"«después (de) que» referring to a future event takes the subjunctive «haya cobrado» (present perfect subjunctive): 'after I have cashed'. «poner en libertad» = 'to set free, release'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Perdón","lemma":"perdón","morphology":"interjection","role":"stands alone as an interjection","gloss":"Pardon me"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of pondré","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of pondré (leísmo, anticipates usted)","gloss":"you","note":"'le' functions as a direct object here due to leísmo, doubling the upcoming 'a usted' — common in Rioplatense Spanish."},{"surface":"pondré","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (poner en libertad = to set free)","gloss":"will set"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted (personal a)","gloss":"object marker","note":"This is the personal 'a', required before a direct object referring to people; it has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"direct object of pondré, marked by personal a (doubled by le)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking libertad (poner en libertad = to set free)","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"libertad","lemma":"libertad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pondré","gloss":"freedom"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the temporal clause después que haya cobrado, modifies pondré","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the conjunction después que (after)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"haya","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of cobrado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"cobrado","lemma":"cobrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the temporal clause (haya cobrado = has cashed)","gloss":"cashed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cobrado","gloss":"check"}]},{"number":276,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p94-s2","source":"Hoy es miércoles.","translation":"Today is Wednesday.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p94-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hoy","lemma":"hoy","morphology":"adverb","role":"subject of es (Hoy es miércoles = Today is Wednesday)","gloss":"Today"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to miércoles","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"miércoles","lemma":"miércoles","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate complement of es (subject = Hoy)","gloss":"Wednesday"}]},{"number":277,"label":"95","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p95-s1","source":"Mañana a mediodía puede estar usted en libertad, pero nuestra casa sólo la podrá abandonar dentro de dos meses –dijo esto porque reparó que el otro no creía en sus proyectos–.","translation":"Tomorrow at midday you can be free, but our house you will only be able to leave in two months' time\" — he said this because he noticed that the other did not believe in his projects —.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p95-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"reparó que","title":"«reparar (en)»","body":"«reparar en» means 'to notice, take note of'. «dentro de dos meses» = 'in two months', 'within two months' (looking forward). «podrá» is the future of «poder», 'will be able to'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"temporal adverb modifying the clause (puede estar usted en libertad)","gloss":"Tomorrow"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the phrase a mediodía (at midday)","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"mediodía","lemma":"mediodía","morphology":"noun","role":"object of a (a mediodía = at midday)","gloss":"midday"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of estar (puede estar = can be)","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of estar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking libertad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"libertad","lemma":"libertad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estar (estar en libertad = to be free)","gloss":"freedom"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of abandonar, resumed by la (fronted for emphasis)","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abandonar","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object clitic resuming the fronted casa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"podrá","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of abandonar","gloss":"will be able"},{"surface":"abandonar","lemma":"abandonar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with estar","gloss":"to leave"},{"surface":"dentro","lemma":"dentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom dentro de (within), modifies abandonar","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom dentro de, preposition marking meses","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies meses","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"meses","lemma":"mes","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of dentro","gloss":"months"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the narrative clause (he said this...)","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of dijo","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of reparó","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"reparó","lemma":"reparar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of creía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of creía","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"creía","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of reparó","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking proyectos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of proyectos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"proyectos","lemma":"proyecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of creía","gloss":"projects"}]},{"number":278,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p95-s2","source":"¿Para esta tarde no necesita algo?","translation":"For this afternoon, do you need anything?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p95-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tarde","gloss":"For"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tarde","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of necesita","gloss":"afternoon"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies necesita","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"necesita","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of necesita","gloss":"anything"}]},{"number":279,"label":"96","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p96-s1","source":"–No.","translation":"\"No.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p96-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"No"}]},{"number":280,"label":"97","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p97-s1","source":"–Buenos, hasta luego.","translation":"\"Well, see you later.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p97-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hasta luego","title":"«hasta luego»","body":"«hasta luego» is the everyday parting 'see you later, so long'. The source reads «Buenos» (with an «-s») for the expected «Bueno» ('well / all right') — a slip kept from the original printing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Buenos","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker opening the sentence","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom hasta luego (see you later)","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom hasta luego","gloss":"later"}]},{"number":281,"label":"98","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p98-s1","source":"–Pero ¿se va así?...","translation":"\"But are you leaving just like that?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p98-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se va así","title":"«irse» = 'to leave / go away'","body":"«irse» (pronominal) means 'to go away, leave', stressing departure more than plain «ir». «¿se va así?» = 'are you going off like that?'. «así» = 'like this / like that, in that way'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence (But), contrasts with the previous statement","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of va (irse = to leave)","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies va","gloss":"like that"}]},{"number":282,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p98-s2","source":"Quédese...","translation":"Stay...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p98-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quédese","title":"Imperative «quédese»","body":"«quédese» is the «usted» command of «quedarse» ('to stay, remain'), with «se» attached and a written accent keeping the stress. Affirmative commands always carry their pronouns at the end."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quédese","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular, reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence (imperative quédese = stay)","gloss":"Stay","note":"«Quédese» = formal imperative quede (from quedarse, to stay) + enclitic se — a formal usted command."}]},{"number":283,"label":"99","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p99-s1","source":"–No.","translation":"\"No.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p99-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"No"}]},{"number":284,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p99-s2","source":"Estoy cansado.","translation":"I am tired.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p99-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cansado","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"cansado","lemma":"cansado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tired"}]},{"number":285,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p99-s3","source":"Necesito dormir un rato.","translation":"I need to sleep for a while.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p99-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un rato","title":"«un rato»","body":"«un rato» means 'a while, a short time'. «dormir un rato» = 'to sleep for a while, to have a nap'. Don't confuse «rato» (a span of time) with «rato» mistaken for «rata» ('rat')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Necesito","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"dormir","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Necesito","gloss":"to sleep"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rato","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rato","lemma":"rato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of duration for dormir (un rato = for a while); dormir is intransitive here, not a true direct object","gloss":"while"}]},{"number":286,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p99-s4","source":"Esta noche vendré y charlaremos otro poco.","translation":"Tonight I will come and we will chat a little more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p99-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vendré","title":"Irregular future «vendré»","body":"«vendré» is the irregular future of «venir» ('to come'), with the inserted «-d-» (venir → vendré). «charlaremos» = 'we will chat'; «otro poco» = 'a little more, a bit longer'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"temporal complement of vendré (esta noche = tonight)","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"vendré","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"charlaremos","lemma":"charlar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with vendré","gloss":"will chat"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poco","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial complement of charlaremos (otro poco = a little more); charlar is intransitive here, not a true direct object — also contradicts this word's own 'adverb' morphology tag","gloss":"little"}]},{"number":287,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p99-s5","source":"¿Quiere cigarrillos?","translation":"Do you want cigarettes?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p99-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"cigarrillos","lemma":"cigarrillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Quiere","gloss":"cigarettes"}]},{"number":288,"label":"100","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p100-s1","source":"–Bueno.","translation":"\"All right.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p100-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Bueno","title":"«Bueno» as 'OK'","body":"Beyond 'good', «bueno» on its own is a common reply meaning 'all right, OK, fine' — here Barsut accepting the offer of cigarettes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bueno","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"stands alone as the answer","gloss":"All right"}]},{"number":289,"label":"101","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p101-s1","source":"Salieron de la caballeriza.","translation":"They went out of the stable.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p101-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"caballeriza","title":"«caballeriza»","body":"«caballeriza» is a 'stable, stall for horses' (from «caballo», 'horse'). It is where Barsut is being held captive on the Astrologer's property. «Salieron» is the preterite of «salir»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Salieron","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caballeriza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of caballeriza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caballeriza","lemma":"caballeriza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Salieron","gloss":"stable"}]},{"number":290,"label":"102","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p102-s1","source":"Barsut se recostó en su lecho de pasto seco, y encendiendo un cigarrillo lanzó algunas bocanadas de humo que en la oblicua de una aguja de sol destrenzaban sus maravillosos caracoles de azul acero.","translation":"Barsut lay back on his bed of dry grass, and lighting a cigarette he let out a few puffs of smoke which, in the slant of a needle of sunlight, unbraided their marvelous coils of steel blue.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p102-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bocanadas","title":"«bocanada» / «destrenzar»","body":"«bocanada» is a 'puff, mouthful' (of smoke or air). «destrenzar» means 'to unbraid, unplait' (from «trenza», 'braid'). «caracoles» here are spiral 'coils' of smoke — Arlt's image turns cigarette smoke into unwinding blue plaits."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"lecho de pasto seco","title":"«pasto» (River Plate)","body":"«pasto» in River Plate Spanish is 'grass'; «lecho de pasto seco» = 'bed of dry grass'. «lecho» is a literary word for 'bed / couch'. «aguja de sol» literally 'needle of sun' is a thin shaft of sunlight."}],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of recostó","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of recostó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"recostó","lemma":"recostar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay back"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lecho","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of lecho","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"lecho","lemma":"lecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of recostó","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pasto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pasto","lemma":"pasto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies lecho","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"seco","lemma":"seco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pasto","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"encendiendo","lemma":"encender","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial gerund clause modifying lanzó","gloss":"lighting"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cigarrillo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cigarrillo","lemma":"cigarrillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of encendiendo","gloss":"cigarette"},{"surface":"lanzó","lemma":"lanzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb, coordinated with recostó","gloss":"let out"},{"surface":"algunas","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of bocanadas","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"bocanadas","lemma":"bocanada","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of lanzó","gloss":"puffs"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking humo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"humo","lemma":"humo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bocanadas","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of destrenzaban (refers to bocanadas de humo)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oblicua","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of oblicua","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oblicua","lemma":"oblicua","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of destrenzaban","gloss":"slant"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aguja","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of aguja","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"aguja","lemma":"aguja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies oblicua","gloss":"needle"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sol","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies aguja","gloss":"sunlight"},{"surface":"destrenzaban","lemma":"destrenzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause (modifies bocanadas)","gloss":"unbraided"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of caracoles","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"maravillosos","lemma":"maravilloso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies caracoles","gloss":"marvelous"},{"surface":"caracoles","lemma":"caracol","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of destrenzaban","gloss":"coils"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking azul","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"azul","lemma":"azul","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, describes caracoles (steel blue)","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"acero","lemma":"acero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular (used adjectivally)","role":"modifies azul","gloss":"steel","note":"'Azul acero' = 'steel blue', a compound color where 'acero' (steel) modifies 'azul' (blue), like 'azul marino' (navy blue)."}]},{"number":291,"label":"103","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p103-s1","source":"Ahora que estaba solo su pensamiento se ordenaba cordialmente, y hasta se dijo:","translation":"Now that he was alone, his thoughts arranged themselves agreeably, and he even said to himself:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p103-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se dijo","title":"«decirse» = 'to say to oneself'","body":"«se dijo» uses the reflexive «se» as an indirect object: 'he said to himself'. «se ordenaba» is the pronominal «ordenarse» ('to arrange/order themselves'), imperfect for an unfolding process. «hasta» here means 'even'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces temporal clause 'ahora que', modifies ordenaba","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"combines with Ahora to introduce the clause (now that)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to solo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective complement of estaba","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pensamiento","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pensamiento","lemma":"pensamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ordenaba","gloss":"thoughts"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ordenaba","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ordenaba","lemma":"ordenar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arranged"},{"surface":"cordialmente","lemma":"cordialmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ordenaba","gloss":"agreeably"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dijo","gloss":"to himself"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with ordenaba","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":292,"label":"104","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p104-s1","source":"«¿Por qué no ayudarlo a «ése»?","translation":"\"Why not help that fellow?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p104-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿Por qué no ayudarlo?","title":"«¿Por qué no...?» + infinitive","body":"«¿Por qué no...?» with a bare infinitive proposes an action: '«¿Por qué no ayudarlo?» = why not help him?'. The pronoun «lo» attaches to the infinitive. «ése» (in inner quotes, with dismissive force) = 'that one, that fellow'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué (forms 'por qué' = why)","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of Por, together 'por qué' = why, modifies ayudarlo","gloss":"why","note":"'Por qué' = why; contrast with 'porque' (because)."},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ayudarlo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ayudarlo","lemma":"ayudar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"help him","note":"Clitic doubling: 'lo' anticipates the object 'a ése' — common in colloquial speech."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ése (personal a)","gloss":"personal a"},{"surface":"ése","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ayudarlo (doubles lo)","gloss":"that fellow"}]},{"number":293,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p104-s2","source":"El proyecto que tiene de la colonia es interesante, y ahora me explico por qué ese bestia de Erdosain le tiene tanta admiración.","translation":"The project he has for the colony is interesting, and now I understand why that brute Erdosain admires him so much.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p104-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ese bestia de Erdosain","title":"«ese bestia de Erdosain»","body":"The pattern «ese/un + noun + de + name» is an insulting appositive: «ese bestia de Erdosain» = 'that brute (of an) Erdosain'. «me explico» (pronominal «explicarse») means 'I understand / can account for (to myself)'."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proyecto","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"proyecto","lemma":"proyecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"project"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying proyecto","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking colonia","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of colonia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"colonia","lemma":"colonia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition de","gloss":"colony"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause, copula linking to interesante","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"interesante","lemma":"interesante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"interesting"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies explico","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of explico","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"explico","lemma":"explicar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause, coordinated with es","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"introduces the clause explaining why, modifies tiene","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bestia","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"bestia","lemma":"bestia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"brute"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain (appositive: 'that brute of Erdosain')","gloss":"that is","note":"'De' here is the idiomatic appositive construction ('ese bestia de Erdosain'), not literal 'of' — compare 'el tonto de Juan' ('that fool Juan')."},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies bestia","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of tiene (admiration directed at him)","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of explico","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"tanta","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of admiración","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"admiración","lemma":"admiración","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"admiration"}]},{"number":294,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p104-s3","source":"Cierto es que me habré quedado en la calle... quizá sí, quizá no... mas de una forma o de otra había que terminar».","translation":"True, I will have been left out in the street... perhaps yes, perhaps no... but one way or another it had to end.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p104-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"quedarse en la calle","title":"«quedarse en la calle»","body":"«quedarse en la calle» literally 'to be left in the street' means 'to be left destitute / with nothing'. «me habré quedado» is the future perfect, 'I will have ended up'. «había que terminar» («haber que» + infinitive) = 'it was necessary to end', 'it had to end'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"fronted predicate complement of es (true subject is the que-clause)","gloss":"True"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause (subject of es)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"reflexive particle of quedado","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"habré","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of quedado","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"quedado","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"been left","note":"'Quedar en la calle' idiomatically means to be left ruined/destitute, not just literally in the street."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking calle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of calle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"calle","lemma":"calle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of quedado","gloss":"street"},{"surface":"quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sí","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"interjection","role":"parenthetical, paired with quizá no","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical, paired with quizá sí","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates ellipted verb, pairs with quizá","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction (adversative, = pero)","role":"links the coordination (contrasts with previous)","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forma","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition de (forms adverbial phrase)","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otra","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with forma","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the final clause (impersonal 'había que')","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the impersonal construction 'había que' (obligation)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"terminar","lemma":"terminar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of había que (obligation)","gloss":"end"}]},{"number":295,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p104-s4","source":"Y entrecerró los ojos para meditar en el futuro.","translation":"And he half-closed his eyes to meditate on the future.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p104-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"entrecerró","title":"«entrecerrar»","body":"«entrecerrar» means 'to half-close, leave ajar' (the prefix «entre-» = 'half / partly'). «entrecerró los ojos» = 'he half-closed his eyes'. «meditar en» = 'to meditate / muse on'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"entrecerró","lemma":"entrecerrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"half-closed"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his","note":"Spanish uses the definite article ('los') for body parts where English uses a possessive ('his eyes')."},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of entrecerró","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of meditar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"meditar","lemma":"meditar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on entrecerró","gloss":"meditate"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking futuro","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of futuro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"futuro","lemma":"futuro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of meditar","gloss":"future"}]},{"number":296,"label":"105","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p105-s1","source":"El Astrólogo, con la galera echada sobre los ojos, se volvió a Erdosain y dijo:","translation":"The Astrologer, his top hat pulled down over his eyes, turned to Erdosain and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p105-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"galera","title":"«galera» (River Plate)","body":"In River Plate Spanish «galera» is a 'top hat / high silk hat'. «con la galera echada sobre los ojos» = 'with his top hat pulled down over his eyes'. «volverse a» (pronominal) = 'to turn to (someone)'."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of volvió","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking galera","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of galera","gloss":"his","note":"Definite article standing in for a possessive, as commonly used with clothing and personal effects."},{"surface":"galera","lemma":"galera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition con, subject of the participle echada","gloss":"top hat"},{"surface":"echada","lemma":"echado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies galera","gloss":"pulled down"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of echada","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of volvió","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of volvió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with volvió","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":297,"label":"106","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p106-s1","source":"–Barsut cree que nos ha engañado.","translation":"\"Barsut thinks he has tricked us.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p106-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nos ha engañado","title":"Present perfect «ha engañado»","body":"«ha engañado» is the present perfect of «engañar» ('to deceive, trick'): 'he has tricked'. «nos» is the direct object, 'us'. The present perfect ties the past act to the present situation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of cree","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"cree","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of engañado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of engañado","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of engañado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"engañado","lemma":"engañar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of cree","gloss":"tricked"}]},{"number":298,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p106-s2","source":"Mañana, después de cobrar el cheque, tendremos que ejecutarlo...","translation":"Tomorrow, after cashing the check, we will have to execute him...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p106-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tendremos que ejecutarlo","title":"«tener que» + infinitive","body":"«tener que» plus an infinitive expresses obligation: «tendremos que ejecutarlo» = 'we will have to execute him'. «tendremos» is the irregular future of «tener». «ejecutar» here means 'to execute, put to death'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tendremos","gloss":"Tomorrow"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tendremos (with de cobrar el cheque)","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cobrar, completes 'después de'","gloss":"of","note":"'Después de' together means 'after'."},{"surface":"cobrar","lemma":"cobrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on después","gloss":"cashing"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cobrar","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"tendremos","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of 'tener que' (obligation) construction","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ejecutarlo","lemma":"ejecutar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tendremos que (obligation)","gloss":"execute him"}]},{"number":299,"label":"107","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p107-s1","source":"–No, tendrá que ejecutarlo...","translation":"\"No, you will have to execute him...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p107-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tendrá que ejecutarlo","title":"«tendrá» — third person / «usted»","body":"Erdosain throws the obligation back: «tendrá que ejecutarlo» = 'you (usted) will have to execute him', shifting from the Astrologer's inclusive «tendremos» ('we will have to'). The contrast «tendremos» / «tendrá» carries the moral push-and-pull of the scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"tendrá","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of 'tener que' construction","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ejecutarlo","lemma":"ejecutar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tendrá que","gloss":"execute him"}]},{"number":300,"label":"108","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p108-s1","source":"–No tengo inconveniente... pero qué le vamos a hacer.","translation":"\"I have no objection... but what can we do about it.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p108-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"qué le vamos a hacer","title":"«qué le vamos a hacer»","body":"«¿qué le vamos a hacer?» is a resigned set phrase, 'what can you do about it?', 'it can't be helped'. «no tengo inconveniente» = 'I have no objection, I don't mind'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tengo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"inconveniente","lemma":"inconveniente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tengo","gloss":"objection"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hacer (about it)","gloss":"about it"},{"surface":"vamos","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of hacer","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the second clause (vamos a hacer)","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":301,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p108-s2","source":"En libertad ese envidioso nos denunciaría inmediatamente.","translation":"Free, that envious man would denounce us immediately.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p108-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"denunciaría","title":"Conditional «denunciaría»","body":"«denunciaría» is the conditional of «denunciar» ('to denounce, report to the authorities'): 'would denounce'. It states what would happen under the hypothesis 'if he were free'. «envidioso» = 'envious (one)'."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking libertad","gloss":"In","note":"'En libertad' idiomatically means 'free, at large', not literally 'in freedom'."},{"surface":"libertad","lemma":"libertad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of denunciaría","gloss":"freedom"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of envidioso","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"envidioso","lemma":"envidioso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of denunciaría","gloss":"envious man"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of denunciaría","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"denunciaría","lemma":"denunciar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would denounce"},{"surface":"inmediatamente","lemma":"inmediatamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies denunciaría","gloss":"immediately"}]},{"number":302,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p108-s3","source":"¡Y él cree que estamos locos!","translation":"And he thinks we are mad!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p108-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cree","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"cree","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of locos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estamos","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to locos","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"locos","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"clausal complement of cree","gloss":"mad"}]},{"number":303,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p108-s4","source":"Y efectivamente lo estaríamos si los dejáramos con vida.","translation":"And indeed we would be, if we left them alive.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p108-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo estaríamos si los dejáramos","title":"Conditional sentence (type 2)","body":"«lo estaríamos si los dejáramos» pairs the conditional «estaríamos» ('we would be') with the imperfect subjunctive «dejáramos» ('if we left') — the standard 'if + past subjunctive, would' structure for a hypothesis. The neuter «lo» stands in for «locos»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"efectivamente","lemma":"efectivamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estaríamos","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate pronoun referring to locos, complement of estaríamos","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"estaríamos","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence, copula linking to lo","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dejáramos","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of dejáramos","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"dejáramos","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"conditional clause modifying estaríamos","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dejáramos","gloss":"life","note":"'Con vida' idiomatically means 'alive' (literally 'with life')."}]},{"number":304,"label":"109","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p109-s1","source":"Se detuvieron junto a la casa.","translation":"They stopped beside the house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p109-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se detuvieron","title":"Preterite «se detuvieron»","body":"«se detuvieron» is the preterite of «detenerse» ('to stop, halt'), conjugated like «tener» (detuvieron). The pronominal «se» makes it intransitive: 'they stopped (themselves)'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of detuvieron","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"detuvieron","lemma":"detener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"junto","lemma":"junto","morphology":"adverb","role":"forms 'junto a' (beside), modifies detuvieron","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"completes 'junto a' with junto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of detuvieron","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":305,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p109-s2","source":"Arriba unas nubes achocolatadas avanzaban rápidamente en lo celeste su dentellado relieve.","translation":"Overhead, some chocolate-colored clouds rapidly advanced their jagged relief across the blue.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p109-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"achocolatadas","title":"«achocolatado» / «dentellado»","body":"«achocolatado» means 'chocolate-colored' (from «chocolate»). «dentellado» = 'jagged, toothed' (from «diente», 'tooth'). «lo celeste» = 'the sky-blue (expanse)', the neuter «lo» turning the adjective into 'the blue'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Arriba","lemma":"arriba","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avanzaban","gloss":"Overhead"},{"surface":"unas","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nubes","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"nubes","lemma":"nube","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of avanzaban","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"achocolatadas","lemma":"achocolatado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies nubes","gloss":"chocolate-colored"},{"surface":"avanzaban","lemma":"avanzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"advanced"},{"surface":"rápidamente","lemma":"rápidamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avanzaban","gloss":"rapidly"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking celeste","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"neuter article","role":"forms abstract noun phrase 'lo celeste' (the blue) with celeste","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"celeste","lemma":"celeste","morphology":"adjective (substantivized as noun), singular","role":"object of en, forms 'lo celeste' with lo","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of relieve","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"dentellado","lemma":"dentellado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies relieve","gloss":"jagged"},{"surface":"relieve","lemma":"relieve","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of avanzaban","gloss":"relief"}]},{"number":306,"label":"110","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p110-s1","source":"–¿Quién lo va a asesinar?","translation":"\"Who is going to murder him?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p110-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo va a asesinar","title":"Pronoun placement with «ir a»","body":"With «ir a» + infinitive the object pronoun can sit before the conjugated verb («lo va a asesinar») or attach to the infinitive («va a asesinarlo») — both mean 'is going to murder him'. «asesinar» = 'to murder, assassinate'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quién","lemma":"quién","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of va (asesinar)","gloss":"Who"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of asesinar","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of asesinar","gloss":"is going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of asesinar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"asesinar","lemma":"asesinar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"murder"}]},{"number":307,"label":"111","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p111-s1","source":"–El Hombre que vio a la Partera.","translation":"\"The Man Who Saw the Midwife.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p111-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Hombre","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vio","gloss":"Man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of vio","gloss":"Who"},{"surface":"vio","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Hombre","gloss":"Saw"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Partera (personal a)","gloss":"personal a"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Partera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Partera","lemma":"partera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of vio","gloss":"Midwife"}]},{"number":308,"label":"112","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p112-s1","source":"–Sabe que no es muy agradable morir con el verano en puerta...","translation":"\"You know, it's not very pleasant to die with summer at the door...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p112-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"con el verano en puerta","title":"«en puerta»","body":"«en puerta» means 'imminent, on the way, just around the corner'. «con el verano en puerta» = 'with summer at the door / about to begin'. In Buenos Aires summer comes in December — a grim seasonal irony for a man about to be killed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"You know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of agradable","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies agradable","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to agradable","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies agradable","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"agradable","lemma":"agradable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of es (within the que-clause)","gloss":"pleasant"},{"surface":"morir","lemma":"morir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive subject of es agradable","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking verano","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of verano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verano","lemma":"verano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of morir","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puerta","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of en, modifies verano ('en puerta' = approaching)","gloss":"door","note":"'En puerta' is idiomatic for 'approaching, just around the corner'."}]},{"number":309,"label":"113","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p113-s1","source":"–Así no más es...","translation":"\"That's just how it is...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p113-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Así no más es","title":"«así no más» (River Plate)","body":"«así no más» is a River Plate colloquialism meaning 'just like that, just so'. «Así no más es» = 'that's just how it is', a fatalistic shrug at Barsut's coming death."}],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase (idiom 'así no más' = just like that)","gloss":"That's"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the intensifier 'no más' (not negation), modifies Así","gloss":"just","note":"'No más' here is a Rioplatense intensifier meaning 'just/simply', not a literal negation."},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the intensifier 'no más', modifies Así","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence, copula","gloss":"it is"}]},{"number":310,"label":"114","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p114-s1","source":"–¿Y el cheque?","translation":"\"And the check?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p114-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"check"}]},{"number":311,"label":"115","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p115-s1","source":"–Lo cobrará usted.","translation":"\"You will cash it.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p115-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Lo cobrará usted","title":"Future «cobrará» + post-verb subject","body":"«cobrará» is the future of «cobrar» ('to cash, collect'): 'will cash'. The subject «usted» follows the verb for emphasis, and «lo» (the check) leads the sentence: 'It is you who will cash it'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cobrará","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"cobrará","lemma":"cobrar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will cash"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of cobrará","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":312,"label":"116","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p116-s1","source":"–¿No tiene usted miedo que me escape?","translation":"\"Aren't you afraid I'll escape?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p116-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"miedo que me escape","title":"«tener miedo (de) que» + subjunctive","body":"Expressions of fear like «tener miedo (de) que» take the subjunctive: «que me escape» = 'that I (might) escape'. «escaparse» is pronominal, 'to escape, slip away'. The «de» is often dropped in speech, as here."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"miedo","lemma":"miedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of escape, modifies miedo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"reflexive particle of escape","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"escape","lemma":"escapar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying miedo","gloss":"escape"}]},{"number":313,"label":"117","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p117-s1","source":"–No, por el momento no.","translation":"\"No, for the moment no.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p117-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition por, modifies second No","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies No","gloss":"no"}]},{"number":314,"label":"118","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p118-s1","source":"–¿Por qué?","translation":"\"Why?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p118-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"why"}]},{"number":315,"label":"119","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p119-s1","source":"–Porque no.","translation":"\"Just because.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p119-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Porque no","title":"«Porque no»","body":"«Porque no» literally 'because no / because not' is a flat, conversation-ending answer, like English 'just because' — refusing to give a real reason."}],"words":[{"surface":"Porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of no","gloss":"Because"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":316,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p119-s2","source":"Usted más que nadie necesita que la sociedad resulte para desaburrirse.","translation":"You more than anyone need the society to work out, so as to be rid of your boredom.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p119-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"necesita que... resulte","title":"Subjunctive after «necesitar que»","body":"«necesitar que» takes the subjunctive «resulte» ('that it turn out / work out'). «resultar» here means 'to succeed, work out'. «para desaburrirse» = 'in order to un-bore oneself' — «desaburrirse» reverses «aburrirse» ('to be bored') with the prefix «des-»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of necesita","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies necesita","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"comparative conjunction (más...que), modifies más","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of comparison (más que nadie)","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"necesita","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of resulte","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of resulte","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"resulte","lemma":"resultar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of necesita","gloss":"work out"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of desaburrirse","gloss":"so as"},{"surface":"desaburrirse","lemma":"desaburrir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on resulte","gloss":"to be rid of boredom","note":"Colloquial coinage from 'aburrirse' (to be bored) plus the reversive 'des-' prefix; not a standard dictionary word."}]},{"number":317,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p119-s3","source":"Si usted es mi cómplice, es precisamente por eso... por aburrimiento, por angustia.","translation":"If you are my accomplice, it is precisely for that... out of boredom, out of anguish.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p119-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"por aburrimiento, por angustia","title":"Causal «por»","body":"«por» before a noun states the motive: «por aburrimiento, por angustia» = 'out of boredom, out of anguish'. «cómplice» = 'accomplice'. «aburrimiento» and «angustia» are the twin afflictions Arlt assigns to nearly all his characters."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cómplice","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cómplice","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cómplice","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"cómplice","lemma":"cómplice","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"predicate complement of es (in the if-clause)","gloss":"accomplice"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the main clause, copula linking to precisamente","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"precisamente","lemma":"precisamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of por, forms 'por eso' (for that)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aburrimiento, coordinated with por eso","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"aburrimiento","lemma":"aburrimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition por","gloss":"boredom"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking angustia","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition por, coordinated with aburrimiento","gloss":"anguish"}]},{"number":318,"label":"120","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p120-s1","source":"–Puede ser.","translation":"\"It may be.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p120-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Puede ser","title":"«Puede ser»","body":"«puede ser» literally 'it can be' is a common way to say 'maybe, perhaps, possibly'. As a standalone reply it concedes a point without fully agreeing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ser","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be"}]},{"number":319,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p120-s2","source":"Mañana, ¿a qué hora nos veremos?","translation":"Tomorrow, at what time will we see each other?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p120-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nos veremos","title":"Reciprocal «verse»","body":"«nos veremos» uses the reciprocal «nos»: 'we will see each other / meet'. «veremos» is the future of «ver». «¿a qué hora?» = 'at what time?'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veremos","gloss":"Tomorrow"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hora","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"hora","lemma":"hora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of veremos","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of veremos","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"veremos","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will see"}]},{"number":320,"label":"121","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p121-s1","source":"–Este... a las nueve en la estación.","translation":"\"Um... at nine, at the station.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p121-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Este...","title":"«Este...» as a filler","body":"«Este...» (often written «Esteee...») is a hesitation filler in River Plate speech, like English 'um... / uh...'. It marks the speaker stalling while he gathers his thoughts."}],"words":[{"surface":"Este","lemma":"este","morphology":"interjection (filler/hesitation)","role":"discourse filler, stands alone","gloss":"Um"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nueve","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nueve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nueve","lemma":"nueve","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"object of preposition a (time expression), forms 'a las nueve'","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estación","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of estación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estación","lemma":"estación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition en","gloss":"station"}]},{"number":321,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p121-s2","source":"Yo le llevaré el cheque.","translation":"I will bring you the check.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p121-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"llevaré","title":"«llevar» vs «traer»","body":"«llevar» is 'to take / bring (to where the listener is or will be)', as opposed to «traer» ('to bring here'). «le llevaré el cheque» = 'I will bring/take you the check'. «llevaré» is the future of «llevar»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of llevaré","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of llevaré","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"llevaré","lemma":"llevar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will bring"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of llevaré","gloss":"check"}]},{"number":322,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p121-s3","source":"A propósito, ¿tiene cédula de identidad?","translation":"By the way, do you have an identity card?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p121-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cédula de identidad","title":"«cédula de identidad» / «a propósito»","body":"«cédula de identidad» is the official 'identity card / ID document'. «a propósito» as a phrase means 'by the way' (though «a propósito» can also mean 'on purpose'). It is needed at the bank to cash the check."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"forms the idiom 'a propósito' (by the way) with propósito, modifies tiene","gloss":"By"},{"surface":"propósito","lemma":"propósito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of A, completes idiom 'a propósito'","gloss":"the way"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you have"},{"surface":"cédula","lemma":"cédula","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"card"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking identidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"identidad","lemma":"identidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cédula","gloss":"identity"}]},{"number":323,"label":"122","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p122-s1","source":"–Sí.","translation":"\"Yes.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p122-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"}]},{"number":324,"label":"123","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p123-s1","source":"–Entonces no hay nada que temer.","translation":"\"Then there is nothing to fear.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p123-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no hay nada que temer","title":"«hay... que» + infinitive","body":"«no hay nada que temer» = 'there is nothing to fear'. «hay + (noun) + que + infinitive» expresses what there is to be done: here «nada que temer», 'nothing to fear'. «temer» = 'to fear'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of temer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"temer","lemma":"temer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying nada","gloss":"fear"}]},{"number":325,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p123-s2","source":"¡Ah!","translation":"Ah!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p123-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Ah"}]},{"number":326,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p123-s3","source":"una cosa.","translation":"one thing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p123-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"}]},{"number":327,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p123-s4","source":"Le recomiendo que hable poco en la reunión y fríamente.","translation":"I recommend that you speak little at the meeting, and coldly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p123-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"recomiendo que hable","title":"Subjunctive after «recomendar que»","body":"Verbs of advising like «recomendar que» take the subjunctive: «que hable poco» = 'that you speak little'. «hable» is present subjunctive of «hablar» («usted»). «fríamente» = 'coldly, coolly'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of recomiendo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"recomiendo","lemma":"recomendar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I recommend"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hable","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hable","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of recomiendo","gloss":"you speak"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hable","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking reunión","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of reunión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"reunión","lemma":"reunión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hable","gloss":"meeting"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fríamente","lemma":"fríamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with poco","gloss":"coldly"}]},{"number":328,"label":"124","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p124-s1","source":"–¿Están todos?","translation":"\"Is everyone here?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p124-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿Están todos?","title":"«estar» for presence","body":"«estar» (not «ser») expresses location and presence: «¿Están todos?» = 'are they all (here)?', 'is everyone present?'. The verb agrees with «todos» ('everyone, all')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Están","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of Están","gloss":"everyone"}]},{"number":329,"label":"125","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p125-s1","source":"–Sí.","translation":"\"Yes.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p125-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"}]},{"number":330,"label":"126","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p126-s1","source":"–¿También el Buscador de Oro?","translation":"\"The Gold Seeker too?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p126-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"También","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Buscador","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buscador","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Buscador","lemma":"Buscador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Seeker"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buscador","gloss":"Gold"}]},{"number":331,"label":"127","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p127-s1","source":"–Sí.","translation":"\"Yes.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p127-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"}]},{"number":332,"label":"128","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p128-s1","source":"Apartando los ramojos que les castigaban los rostros, avanzaron hacia la glorieta.","translation":"Pushing aside the branches that lashed their faces, they advanced toward the arbor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p128-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"glorieta","title":"«glorieta» / «ramojos»","body":"«glorieta» is a garden 'arbor, bower, summerhouse'. «ramojos» (variant of «ramaje» / «ramojo») are 'branches, twigs, brushwood'. «castigaban» ('lashed, struck') is the imperfect, describing the branches whipping their faces as they pass."}],"words":[{"surface":"Apartando","lemma":"apartar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on avanzaron","gloss":"Pushing aside"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ramojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ramojos","lemma":"ramojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Apartando","gloss":"branches"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of castigaban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of castigaban (dative of possession)","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"castigaban","lemma":"castigar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying ramojos","gloss":"lashed"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of rostros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rostros","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of castigaban","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"avanzaron","lemma":"avanzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"advanced"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking glorieta","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of glorieta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"glorieta","lemma":"glorieta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of avanzaron","gloss":"arbor"}]},{"number":333,"label":"","id":"discurso-del-astrologo-p128-s2","source":"Era éste un quiosco fabricado con alfajías, y en los rombos de madera prendían sus tallos verdes los crecimientos de una madreselva cargada de campánulas violetas y blancas.","translation":"This was a little kiosk made of laths, and in the wooden lozenges the growths of a honeysuckle, laden with violet and white bell-flowers, fastened their green stems.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/discurso-del-astrologo-p128-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"alfajías","title":"«alfajías» / «madreselva»","body":"«alfajía» (also «alfarjía») is a wooden 'lath, batten, strip'. «madreselva» is 'honeysuckle'; «campánulas» are bell-shaped flowers, 'bellflowers'. «rombos» = 'rhombuses, lozenges' — the diamond gaps in the lattice."}],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to quiosco","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Era","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of quiosco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"quiosco","lemma":"quiosco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Era","gloss":"kiosk"},{"surface":"fabricado","lemma":"fabricado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies quiosco","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alfajías","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alfajías","lemma":"alfajía","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of fabricado","gloss":"laths"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rombos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of rombos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rombos","lemma":"rombo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of prendían","gloss":"lozenges"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking madera","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"madera","lemma":"madera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies rombos","gloss":"wooden"},{"surface":"prendían","lemma":"prender","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with Era","gloss":"fastened"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of tallos","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"tallos","lemma":"tallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of prendían","gloss":"stems"},{"surface":"verdes","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies tallos","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of crecimientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"crecimientos","lemma":"crecimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of prendían","gloss":"growths"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking madreselva","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of madreselva","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"madreselva","lemma":"madreselva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies crecimientos","gloss":"honeysuckle"},{"surface":"cargada","lemma":"cargado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies madreselva","gloss":"laden"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking campánulas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"campánulas","lemma":"campánula","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cargada","gloss":"bell-flowers"},{"surface":"violetas","lemma":"violeta","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies campánulas","gloss":"violet"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blancas","lemma":"blanco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with violetas","gloss":"white"}]}]}