{"work":{"slug":"arlt","title":{"source":"Los siete locos","translated":"The Seven Madmen"},"author":"Roberto Arlt","language":"Spanish","languageCode":"es","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"el-astrologo","title":{"source":"El Astrólogo","translated":"The Astrologer"},"section":"Part One","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/el-astrologo","lines":245},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/los-suenos-del-inventor","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/las-opiniones-del-rufian-melancolico","license":"Source text: public domain (Roberto Arlt, d. 1942). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: this is a minimal seed excerpt to make the app target runnable; full verified content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"el-astrologo-p1-s1","source":"El edificio que ocupaba el Astrólogo estaba situado en el centro de una quinta boscosa.","translation":"The building the Astrologer occupied stood in the middle of a wooded estate.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"quinta","title":"«quinta»","body":"A «quinta» is a country house or villa set on its own grounds, on the outskirts of a city — a Río de la Plata staple. «Quinta boscosa» = a wooded country property, the kind of half-rural retreat just beyond the edge of 1920s Buenos Aires."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of edificio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"edificio","lemma":"edificio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of situado","gloss":"building"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun, direct object of ocupaba, refers to edificio","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ocupaba","lemma":"ocupar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying edificio","gloss":"occupied"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of ocupaba","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to situado","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"situado","lemma":"situado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estaba (edificio)","gloss":"situated"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking centro","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of centro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"centro","lemma":"centro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of situado","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quinta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quinta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"quinta","lemma":"quinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies centro","gloss":"estate"},{"surface":"boscosa","lemma":"boscoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies quinta","gloss":"wooded"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p1-s2","source":"La casa era chata y sus tejados rojizos se divisaban a mucha distancia sobre la espesura de los árboles silvestres.","translation":"The house was squat, and its reddish roofs could be made out from far off above the thickness of the wild trees.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p1-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se divisaban","title":"Passive «se»","body":"«Se divisaban» uses the passive «se»: literally 'they let themselves be made out', i.e. 'they could be seen'. Spanish constantly uses «se» + a verb to say something happens without naming who does it — here the roofs are visible, with no observer specified."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of chata","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to chata","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"chata","lemma":"chato","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"squat"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of tejados","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"tejados","lemma":"tejado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of divisaban","gloss":"roofs"},{"surface":"rojizos","lemma":"rojizo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies tejados","gloss":"reddish"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"passive-reflexive particle of divisaban","gloss":"(passive)","note":"Passive 'se': 'se divisaban' = 'could be made out', not a literal reflexive."},{"surface":"divisaban","lemma":"divisar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the second clause (coordinated with era)","gloss":"could be made out"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking distancia","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"mucha","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of distancia","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"distancia","lemma":"distancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of divisaban","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espesura","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of espesura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espesura","lemma":"espesura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of sobre, modifies divisaban","gloss":"thickness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking árboles","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of árboles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"árboles","lemma":"árbol","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies espesura","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"silvestres","lemma":"silvestre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies árboles","gloss":"wild"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p1-s3","source":"Por los claros que dejaban los abultamientos, entre el auténtico oleaje de pastos y enredaderas, gruesos insectos de culo negro moscardoneaban todo el día entre la perenne lluvia de hierbajos y tallos.","translation":"Through the gaps left by the swellings of growth, amid the true surf of grasses and creepers, fat black-bottomed insects droned all day long through the endless rain of weeds and stalks.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p1-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"moscardoneaban","title":"«moscardonear»","body":"Arlt coins this verb from «moscardón» ('horsefly, large droning fly'). «Moscardoneaban» = 'they buzzed / droned about like big flies'. The novel is full of such invented, physical verbs — read it as a sound word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking claros","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of claros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"claros","lemma":"claro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head noun of the PP (object of por)","gloss":"gaps"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun, direct object of dejaban, refers to claros","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dejaban","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying claros","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of abultamientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"abultamientos","lemma":"abultamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of dejaban","gloss":"swellings"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oleaje","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oleaje","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"auténtico","lemma":"auténtico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oleaje","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"oleaje","lemma":"oleaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of entre, modifies moscardoneaban","gloss":"surf"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pastos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pastos","lemma":"pasto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies oleaje","gloss":"grasses"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"enredaderas","lemma":"enredadera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with pastos","gloss":"creepers"},{"surface":"gruesos","lemma":"grueso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies insectos","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"insectos","lemma":"insecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of moscardoneaban","gloss":"insects"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"object of de, modifies insectos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"culo","lemma":"culo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies insectos","gloss":"rear end","note":"'Culo' is a colloquial word for backside/bottom."},{"surface":"negro","lemma":"negro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies culo","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"moscardoneaban","lemma":"moscardonear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"droned"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"quantifies día","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of moscardoneaban","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lluvia","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lluvia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"perenne","lemma":"perenne","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies lluvia","gloss":"endless"},{"surface":"lluvia","lemma":"lluvia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of moscardoneaban","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hierbajos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hierbajos","lemma":"hierbajo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies lluvia","gloss":"weeds"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tallos","lemma":"tallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with hierbajos","gloss":"stalks"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p1-s4","source":"No lejos de la casa, la rueda del molino giraba su cojera de tres paletas sobre un prisma de hierro oxidado, y más allá, sobre la caballeriza, se distinguían los cristales azules y rojos de una mampara destruida por el orín.","translation":"Not far from the house, the mill wheel turned its three-bladed limp on a prism of rusted iron, and farther off, above the stable, you could make out the blue and red panes of a partition wrecked by rust.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p1-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies lejos","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lejos","lemma":"lejos","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies giraba","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of lejos","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of rueda","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rueda","lemma":"rueda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of giraba","gloss":"wheel"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking molino","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"molino","lemma":"molino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rueda","gloss":"mill"},{"surface":"giraba","lemma":"girar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cojera","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"cojera","lemma":"cojera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of giraba","gloss":"limp"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paletas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies paletas","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"paletas","lemma":"paleta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cojera","gloss":"blades"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prisma","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of prisma","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"prisma","lemma":"prisma","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of giraba","gloss":"prism"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hierro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hierro","lemma":"hierro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies prisma","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"oxidado","lemma":"oxidado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies prisma","gloss":"rusted"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies allá","gloss":"farther"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies distinguían","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caballeriza","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of caballeriza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caballeriza","lemma":"caballeriza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of sobre, modifies distinguían","gloss":"stable"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"passive-reflexive particle of distinguían","gloss":"(passive)","note":"Passive 'se': 'se distinguían' = 'could be made out', not a literal reflexive."},{"surface":"distinguían","lemma":"distinguir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the second clause (coordinated with giraba)","gloss":"could be made out"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cristales","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cristales","lemma":"cristal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of distinguían","gloss":"panes"},{"surface":"azules","lemma":"azul","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies cristales","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rojos","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with azules, modifies cristales","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mampara","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mampara","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mampara","lemma":"mampara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cristales","gloss":"partition"},{"surface":"destruida","lemma":"destruido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mampara","gloss":"wrecked"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orín","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of orín","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orín","lemma":"orín","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of destruida (agent, object of por)","gloss":"rust"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p1-s5","source":"Tras del molino y la casa, más allá de las bardas, negreaba la sierra verde botella de un monte de eucaliptos, apenachando de borbotones y cresterías en relieve el cielo de un azul marítimo.","translation":"Behind the mill and the house, beyond the walls, the bottle-green saw-edge of a stand of eucalyptus loomed dark, pluming the sea-blue sky with gushes and raised crests.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p1-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"negreaba","title":"Verbs of color in «-ear»","body":"«Negreaba» comes from «negro» ('black'): 'it showed black / loomed darkly'. Spanish turns color adjectives into verbs with «-ear» — «verdear», «blanquear», «negrear» — to say a color appears in the distance. Note the imperfect ending «-aba», setting a continuous scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tras","lemma":"tras","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking molino","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"compound with tras (tras del = behind), no independent meaning","gloss":"the","note":"'Tras del' is a regional double preposition meaning 'behind'; 'del' adds no separate meaning here."},{"surface":"molino","lemma":"molino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of negreaba","gloss":"mill"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with molino","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies allá","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies negreaba","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bardas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of bardas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bardas","lemma":"barda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of allá","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"negreaba","lemma":"negrear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"loomed dark"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sierra","lemma":"sierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of negreaba","gloss":"saw-edge"},{"surface":"verde","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies sierra","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"botella","lemma":"botella","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to sierra (color idiom: verde botella = 'bottle green')","gloss":"bottle"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking monte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"monte","lemma":"monte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies sierra","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eucaliptos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"eucaliptos","lemma":"eucalipto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies monte","gloss":"eucalyptus"},{"surface":"apenachando","lemma":"apenachar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause modifying negreaba","gloss":"pluming"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking borbotones","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"borbotones","lemma":"borbotón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of apenachando","gloss":"gushes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cresterías","lemma":"crestería","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with borbotones","gloss":"crests"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking relieve","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"relieve","lemma":"relieve","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cresterías","gloss":"relief"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of apenachando","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking azul","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of azul","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"azul","lemma":"azul","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cielo","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"marítimo","lemma":"marítimo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies azul","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":6,"label":"2","id":"el-astrologo-p2-s1","source":"Chupando una flor de madreselva, Erdosain cruzó la quinta hacia la casa.","translation":"Sucking on a honeysuckle flower, Erdosain crossed the estate toward the house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Chupando","title":"Gerund for a simultaneous action","body":"«Chupando» is the gerund (the «-ando/-iendo» form) of «chupar» ('to suck'). Placed up front, it tells you what Erdosain was doing while the main verb «cruzó» ('he crossed') happened: 'sucking… he crossed'. The gerund marks an action going on at the same time."}],"words":[{"surface":"Chupando","lemma":"chupar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on cruzó","gloss":"Sucking on"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of flor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"flor","lemma":"flor","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Chupando","gloss":"flower"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking madreselva","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"madreselva","lemma":"madreselva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies flor","gloss":"honeysuckle"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of cruzó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"cruzó","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quinta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quinta","lemma":"quinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cruzó","gloss":"estate"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cruzó","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p2-s2","source":"Le parecía estar en el campo, muy lejos de la ciudad, y la vista del edificio lo alegró.","translation":"It seemed to him he was out in the country, far from the city, and the sight of the building cheered him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p2-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Le parecía","title":"«parecer» with an indirect object","body":"«Le parecía estar en el campo» = 'it seemed to him that he was in the country'. «Parecer» ('to seem') takes the indirect-object pronoun «le» ('to him') to say to whom it seems; the imperfect «parecía» holds the impression open in time."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parecía","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of parecía","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking campo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of campo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"campo","lemma":"campo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estar","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lejos","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"lejos","lemma":"lejos","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estar","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciudad","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciudad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudad","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of lejos","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vista","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vista","lemma":"vista","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of alegró","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking edificio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"edificio","lemma":"edificio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vista","gloss":"building"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of alegró","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"alegró","lemma":"alegrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with parecía","gloss":"cheered"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p2-s3","source":"Aunque chato, éste tenía dos pisos, con ruinosa balconada en el segundo y un descascarado juego de columnas griegas en el recibimiento, hasta donde trepaba una destruida gradinata, guarnecida de palmeras.","translation":"Squat though it was, the building had two floors, with a ruined balcony on the second and a peeling set of Greek columns at the entrance, up to which climbed a wrecked flight of steps trimmed with palms.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p2-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Aunque chato","title":"«aunque» without a verb","body":"«Aunque chato» drops the verb: 'although [it was] squat'. «Aunque» ('although / even though') can govern just an adjective, leaving 'it was' understood — a compact way to concede a point before the main clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of chato","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"chato","lemma":"chato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies éste","gloss":"squat"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tenía","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pisos","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"pisos","lemma":"piso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"floors"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking balconada","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ruinosa","lemma":"ruinoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies balconada","gloss":"ruined"},{"surface":"balconada","lemma":"balconada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tenía","gloss":"balcony"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking segundo","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of segundo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"segundo","lemma":"segundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of balconada","gloss":"second floor"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of juego","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"descascarado","lemma":"descascarado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies juego","gloss":"peeling"},{"surface":"juego","lemma":"juego","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with balconada","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking columnas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"columnas","lemma":"columna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies juego","gloss":"columns"},{"surface":"griegas","lemma":"griego","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies columnas","gloss":"Greek"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking recibimiento","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of recibimiento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"recibimiento","lemma":"recibimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies juego","gloss":"entrance"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of trepaba","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of trepaba","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"trepaba","lemma":"trepar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying recibimiento","gloss":"climbed"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gradinata","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"destruida","lemma":"destruido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gradinata","gloss":"wrecked"},{"surface":"gradinata","lemma":"gradinata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of trepaba","gloss":"flight of steps"},{"surface":"guarnecida","lemma":"guarnecido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gradinata","gloss":"trimmed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palmeras","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"palmeras","lemma":"palmera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of guarnecida","gloss":"palms"}]},{"number":9,"label":"3","id":"el-astrologo-p3-s1","source":"Los rojizos tejados caían oblicuamente, protegiendo con el alero los tragaluces y ventanitas de las buhardillas, y entre la pimpante hojarasca de los castaños, por encima de la copa de los granados manchados de asteriscos escarlatas, se veía un gallo de cinc moviendo su cola torcida a todos los vientos.","translation":"The reddish roofs sloped down at an angle, sheltering with their eaves the skylights and little windows of the garrets, and among the jaunty foliage of the chestnut trees, above the crowns of the pomegranates flecked with scarlet asterisks, you could see a zinc weathercock swinging its twisted tail to every wind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tejados","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"rojizos","lemma":"rojizo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies tejados","gloss":"reddish"},{"surface":"tejados","lemma":"tejado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of caían","gloss":"roofs"},{"surface":"caían","lemma":"caer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sloped down"},{"surface":"oblicuamente","lemma":"oblicuamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies caían","gloss":"at an angle"},{"surface":"protegiendo","lemma":"proteger","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on caían","gloss":"sheltering"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alero","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alero","lemma":"alero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of protegiendo","gloss":"eaves"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tragaluces","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tragaluces","lemma":"tragaluz","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of protegiendo","gloss":"skylights"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ventanitas","lemma":"ventanita","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with tragaluces","gloss":"little windows"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking buhardillas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of buhardillas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"buhardillas","lemma":"buhardilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies tragaluces","gloss":"garrets"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hojarasca","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of hojarasca","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pimpante","lemma":"pimpante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies hojarasca","gloss":"jaunty"},{"surface":"hojarasca","lemma":"hojarasca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of veía","gloss":"foliage"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking castaños","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of castaños","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"castaños","lemma":"castaño","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies hojarasca","gloss":"chestnut trees"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking copa","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"encima","lemma":"encima","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"on top"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of copa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"copa","lemma":"copa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of veía","gloss":"crowns"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking granados","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of granados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"granados","lemma":"granado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies copa","gloss":"pomegranate trees"},{"surface":"manchados","lemma":"manchado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies granados","gloss":"flecked"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking asteriscos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"asteriscos","lemma":"asterisco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of manchados","gloss":"asterisks"},{"surface":"escarlatas","lemma":"escarlata","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies asteriscos","gloss":"scarlet"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"impersonal particle of veía","gloss":"reflexive marker","note":"Impersonal/passive 'se' — 'se veía' means 'was seen' / 'you could see', not a literal reflexive."},{"surface":"veía","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with caían","gloss":"could be seen"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gallo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gallo","lemma":"gallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of veía","gloss":"rooster","note":"'gallo de cinc' (zinc rooster) is a weathercock — a rooster-shaped weathervane."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cinc","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cinc","lemma":"cinc","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies gallo","gloss":"zinc"},{"surface":"moviendo","lemma":"mover","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on veía","gloss":"swinging"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cola","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"cola","lemma":"cola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of moviendo","gloss":"tail"},{"surface":"torcida","lemma":"torcido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cola","gloss":"twisted"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vientos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"modifies vientos","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of vientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vientos","lemma":"viento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of preposition a","gloss":"winds"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p3-s2","source":"En derredor, intrincadamente, surgía el jardín, con amaño de bosquecillo, y ahora en la quietud del atardecer, bajo el sol que aplomaba en el espacio una atmósfera de cristal nacarado, los rosales vertían su perfume potentísimo, tan penetrante, que todo el espacio parecía poblarse de una atmósfera roja y fresca como un caudal de agua.","translation":"All around, intricately, the garden rose up, contrived to look like a little wood, and now in the stillness of dusk, under a sun that hung a pearly crystal atmosphere upon the air, the rosebushes poured out their overpowering scent, so piercing that the whole space seemed to fill with an atmosphere red and cool as a flow of water.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p3-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"potentísimo","title":"Superlative «-ísimo»","body":"«Potentísimo» = «potente» ('powerful') + «-ísimo», the absolute superlative: 'extremely powerful', 'overpowering'. Adding «-ísimo» to an adjective intensifies it without comparing to anything — a favorite Spanish device for emphasis."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking derredor","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"derredor","lemma":"derredor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of surgía","gloss":"about","note":"'en derredor' together means 'all around'."},{"surface":"intrincadamente","lemma":"intrincadamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies surgía","gloss":"intricately"},{"surface":"surgía","lemma":"surgir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of jardín","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jardín","lemma":"jardín","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of surgía","gloss":"garden"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amaño","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"amaño","lemma":"amaño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies jardín","gloss":"artifice"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bosquecillo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bosquecillo","lemma":"bosquecillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies amaño","gloss":"little wood"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vertían","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quietud","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quietud","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quietud","lemma":"quietud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vertían","gloss":"stillness"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atardecer","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"atardecer","lemma":"atardecer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies quietud","gloss":"dusk"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sol","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vertían","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of aplomaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"aplomaba","lemma":"aplomar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying sol","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espacio","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espacio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espacio","lemma":"espacio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aplomaba","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of atmósfera","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"atmósfera","lemma":"atmósfera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of aplomaba","gloss":"atmosphere"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cristal","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cristal","lemma":"cristal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies atmósfera","gloss":"crystal"},{"surface":"nacarado","lemma":"nacarado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cristal","gloss":"pearly"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of rosales","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rosales","lemma":"rosal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of vertían","gloss":"rosebushes"},{"surface":"vertían","lemma":"verter","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with surgía","gloss":"poured out"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of perfume","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"perfume","lemma":"perfume","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of vertían","gloss":"scent"},{"surface":"potentísimo","lemma":"potentísimo","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies perfume","gloss":"overpowering"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies penetrante","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"penetrante","lemma":"penetrante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies perfume","gloss":"piercing"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of parecía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"quantifies espacio","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espacio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espacio","lemma":"espacio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of parecía","gloss":"space"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by que","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"poblarse","lemma":"poblarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"complement of parecía","gloss":"to fill"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atmósfera","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of atmósfera","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"atmósfera","lemma":"atmósfera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of poblarse","gloss":"atmosphere"},{"surface":"roja","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies atmósfera","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fresca","lemma":"fresco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with roja","gloss":"cool"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of caudal","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caudal","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"caudal","lemma":"caudal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fresca","gloss":"flow"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking agua","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"agua","lemma":"agua","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies caudal","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":11,"label":"4","id":"el-astrologo-p4-s1","source":"Erdosain pensó:","translation":"Erdosain thought:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of pensó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"pensó","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":12,"label":"5","id":"el-astrologo-p5-s1","source":"–Aunque tuviera una barca de plata con velas de oro y remos de marfil, y el océano se volviera de siete colores lisos, y desde la luna una millonaria con las manos me tirara besos, mi tristeza sería la misma...","translation":"\"Even if I had a silver boat with sails of gold and oars of ivory, and the ocean turned seven solid colors, and from the moon a millionairess blew me kisses with her hands, my sadness would be the same...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Aunque tuviera… sería","title":"Hypothetical «aunque» + imperfect subjunctive","body":"Here «aunque» means 'even if', not 'although', and so triggers the imperfect subjunctive: «tuviera», «se volviera», «tirara». Paired with the conditional «sería» ('would be'), it frames an unreal supposition: 'even if I had… my sadness would be the same'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tuviera","gloss":"Even if"},{"surface":"tuviera","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sería","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of barca","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"barca","lemma":"barca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tuviera","gloss":"boat"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plata","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"plata","lemma":"plata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies barca","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking velas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"velas","lemma":"vela","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies barca","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies velas","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"remos","lemma":"remo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with velas","gloss":"oars"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marfil","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"marfil","lemma":"marfil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies remos","gloss":"ivory"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of océano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"océano","lemma":"océano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of volviera","gloss":"ocean"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of volviera","gloss":"reflexive marker"},{"surface":"volviera","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tuviera","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking colores","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"siete","lemma":"siete","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies colores","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"colores","lemma":"color","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of volviera","gloss":"colors"},{"surface":"lisos","lemma":"liso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies colores","gloss":"solid"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"desde","lemma":"desde","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luna","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luna","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition desde","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of millonaria","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"millonaria","lemma":"millonaria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tirara","gloss":"millionairess"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tirara","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of tirara","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"tirara","lemma":"tirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tuviera","gloss":"blew"},{"surface":"besos","lemma":"beso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tirara","gloss":"kisses"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tristeza","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"tristeza","lemma":"tristeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sería","gloss":"sadness"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of misma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"misma","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sería","gloss":"same"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p5-s2","source":"Mas esto no hay que decirlo.","translation":"But this is not something to say aloud.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p5-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no hay que decirlo","title":"«hay que» + infinitive","body":"«Hay que» + an infinitive states an impersonal obligation: 'one must / it is necessary to'. Negated, «no hay que decirlo» = 'one must not say it', 'this is not to be said'. Note «mas» (no accent) is a literary word for 'but'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating conjunction introducing the sentence","gloss":"But","note":"'Mas' (no accent) is a literary/archaic word for 'pero' (but) — not to be confused with 'más' (more)."},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"topic, resumed by lo in decirlo","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase hay que","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"decirlo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive, with enclitic pronoun lo","role":"complement of hay","gloss":"say it"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p5-s3","source":"Sin embargo, mejor viviría aquí que allí.","translation":"And yet, I would live better here than there.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p5-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking embargo","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase Sin","gloss":"nevertheless","note":"'sin embargo' is a fixed phrase meaning 'however / nevertheless'."},{"surface":"mejor","lemma":"mejor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies viviría","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"viviría","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would live"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies viviría","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"comparative marker with allí","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"compared with aquí","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p5-s4","source":"Aquí podría tener un laboratorio.","translation":"Here I could have a laboratory.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p5-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tener","gloss":"Here"},{"surface":"podría","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tener","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of laboratorio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"laboratorio","lemma":"laboratorio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"laboratory"}]},{"number":16,"label":"6","id":"el-astrologo-p6-s1","source":"Una camilla mal cerrada goteaba en un tonel.","translation":"A poorly shut faucet was dripping into a barrel.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"camilla","title":"«camilla» / «canilla»","body":"In the River Plate a «canilla» (the more usual spelling) is a tap or faucet; the dripping water returns a few paragraphs later as «el gotear de la canilla». In standard Spanish «camilla» elsewhere means a stretcher — a reminder to read Arlt's vocabulary as porteño."}],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of camilla","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"camilla","lemma":"canilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of goteaba","gloss":"faucet","note":"Read as 'canilla' (faucet/tap, an Argentine regionalism) rather than 'camilla' (stretcher) — only that reading fits a dripping faucet, and matches our translation."},{"surface":"mal","lemma":"mal","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cerrada","gloss":"poorly"},{"surface":"cerrada","lemma":"cerrado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies camilla","gloss":"shut"},{"surface":"goteaba","lemma":"gotear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was dripping"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tonel","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tonel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tonel","lemma":"tonel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of goteaba","gloss":"barrel"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p6-s2","source":"Al pie del poste de una glorieta dormitaba un perro, y cuando se detuvo para llamar frente a la escalinata apareció por la puerta la gigantesca figura del Astrólogo, cubierto con un guardapolvo amarillo y la galera echada sobre la frente, sombreándole el anchuroso rostro romboidal.","translation":"At the foot of an arbor's post a dog was dozing, and when he stopped to call out before the front steps, the Astrologer's gigantic figure appeared in the doorway, draped in a yellow duster with his top hat pulled down over his forehead, shading his broad, diamond-shaped face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p6-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"galera","title":"«galera»","body":"In Argentina a «galera» is a top hat (a stovepipe hat). Together with the «guardapolvo» — a long dust-coat — it gives the Astrologer his strange, theatrical silhouette in the doorway."}],"words":[{"surface":"Al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poste","gloss":"At the"},{"surface":"pie","lemma":"pie","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase Al","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poste","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"poste","lemma":"poste","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dormitaba","gloss":"post"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking glorieta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of glorieta","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"glorieta","lemma":"glorieta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies poste","gloss":"arbor"},{"surface":"dormitaba","lemma":"dormitar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was dozing"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of perro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"perro","lemma":"perro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dormitaba","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of detuvo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of detuvo","gloss":"reflexive marker"},{"surface":"detuvo","lemma":"detener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the cuando-clause, modifies apareció","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of llamar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"llamar","lemma":"llamar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on detuvo","gloss":"call out"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the fixed phrase frente a, modifies llamar","gloss":"in front","note":"'frente a' is a fixed phrase meaning 'in front of / before'."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the fixed phrase frente a","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of escalinata","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"escalinata","lemma":"escalinata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of the phrase frente a","gloss":"front steps"},{"surface":"apareció","lemma":"aparecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with dormitaba","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puerta","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apareció","gloss":"doorway"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of figura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gigantesca","lemma":"gigantesco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies figura","gloss":"gigantic"},{"surface":"figura","lemma":"figura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of apareció","gloss":"figure"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies figura","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"cubierto","lemma":"cubierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Astrólogo","gloss":"draped"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking guardapolvo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of guardapolvo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"guardapolvo","lemma":"guardapolvo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cubierto","gloss":"duster"},{"surface":"amarillo","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies guardapolvo","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of galera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"galera","lemma":"galera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with guardapolvo","gloss":"top hat"},{"surface":"echada","lemma":"echado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies galera","gloss":"pulled down"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frente","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of echada","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"sombreándole","lemma":"sombrear","morphology":"verb, gerund, with enclitic pronoun le","role":"adverbial clause on apareció","gloss":"shading","note":"The enclitic '-le' ('him/his') refers back to the Astrólogo, whose face is being shaded."},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"anchuroso","lemma":"anchuroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sombreándole","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"romboidal","lemma":"romboidal","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"diamond-shaped"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p6-s3","source":"Algunos mechones de cabello rizado se escapaban sobre sus sienes, y su nariz, con el tabique fracturado en la parte media, estaba extraordinariamente desviada hacia la izquierda.","translation":"A few locks of curly hair escaped over his temples, and his nose, the septum fractured at its midpoint, was extraordinarily bent off to the left.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p6-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Algunos","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of mechones","gloss":"A few"},{"surface":"mechones","lemma":"mechón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of escapaban","gloss":"locks"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabello","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cabello","lemma":"cabello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mechones","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"rizado","lemma":"rizado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cabello","gloss":"curly"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of escapaban","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"escapaban","lemma":"escapar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sienes","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sienes","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"sienes","lemma":"sién","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of escapaban","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of nariz","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"nariz","lemma":"nariz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tabique","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tabique","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tabique","lemma":"tabique","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desviada","gloss":"septum"},{"surface":"fracturado","lemma":"fracturado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tabique","gloss":"fractured"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parte","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of parte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fracturado","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies parte","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to desviada","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"extraordinariamente","lemma":"extraordinariamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies desviada","gloss":"extraordinarily"},{"surface":"desviada","lemma":"desviado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective with estaba","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking izquierda","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of izquierda","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"izquierda","lemma":"izquierda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desviada","gloss":"left"}]},{"number":19,"label":"7","id":"el-astrologo-p7-s1","source":"Bajo sus cejas abultadas se movían vivamente unos redondos ojos negros, y esa cara de mejillas duras, surcadas de estrías rugosas, daba la impresión de estar esculpida en plomo.","translation":"Beneath his bulging brows a pair of round black eyes moved briskly, and that face with its hard cheeks, furrowed by rough creases, gave the impression of being sculpted in lead.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se movían","title":"«se» + plural verb, postponed subject","body":"«Se movían… unos redondos ojos negros» = 'a pair of round black eyes moved'. The pronominal «moverse» ('to move') takes its subject after the verb, a normal Spanish word order for description; the eyes do the moving on their own."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cejas","gloss":"Beneath"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of cejas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cejas","lemma":"ceja","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of movían","gloss":"brows"},{"surface":"abultadas","lemma":"abultado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cejas","gloss":"bulging"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of movían","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"movían","lemma":"mover","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"vivamente","lemma":"vivamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies movían","gloss":"briskly"},{"surface":"unos","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"redondos","lemma":"redondo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ojos","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of movían","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"negros","lemma":"negro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ojos","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cara","lemma":"cara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of daba","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mejillas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mejillas","lemma":"mejilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cara","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"duras","lemma":"duro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mejillas","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"surcadas","lemma":"surcado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mejillas","gloss":"furrowed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estrías","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"estrías","lemma":"estría","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of surcadas","gloss":"creases"},{"surface":"rugosas","lemma":"rugosa","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies estrías","gloss":"rough"},{"surface":"daba","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with movían","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impresión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"impresión","lemma":"impresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of daba","gloss":"impression"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of esculpida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of esculpida","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"esculpida","lemma":"esculpido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying impresión","gloss":"sculpted"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plomo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"plomo","lemma":"plomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of esculpida","gloss":"lead"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p7-s2","source":"¡Tanto debía de pesar esa cabeza!","translation":"So heavy that head must have been!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p7-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"debía de pesar","title":"«deber de» = supposition","body":"«Deber de» + infinitive expresses a guess, not an obligation: «debía de pesar» = 'it must have weighed', 'it surely weighed so much'. Compare plain «deber» + infinitive ('to have to'); the «de» shifts the meaning to inference."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pesar","gloss":"So much"},{"surface":"debía","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks the infinitive pesar (deber de + infinitive)","gloss":"(marks infinitive)","note":"deber de + infinitive is an epistemic construction ('must have weighed'); this de carries no separate meaning of its own."},{"surface":"pesar","lemma":"pesar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of debía","gloss":"weigh"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of pesar","gloss":"head"}]},{"number":21,"label":"8","id":"el-astrologo-p8-s1","source":"¡Ah! ¿Es usted?...","translation":"\"Ah! Is that you?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to usted","gloss":"Is"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, second-person formal, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p8-s2","source":"Pase.","translation":"\"Come in.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p8-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Pase","title":"«usted» command","body":"«Pase» is the formal («usted») imperative of «pasar» ('to come in / pass'). Formal commands borrow the present-subjunctive form, hence «pase» rather than the informal «pasa». The whole exchange uses «usted», keeping the men at a polite distance."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pase","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Come in"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p8-s3","source":"Le voy a presentar al Rufián Melancólico.","translation":"\"I'm going to introduce you to the Melancholy Ruffian.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p8-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Rufián","title":"«rufián»","body":"A «rufián» is a pimp — a man who lives off prostitutes. The Astrologer's nickname for Haffner, «el Rufián Melancólico» ('the Melancholy Ruffian'), is half mockery, half affection, and names him by his trade throughout the chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of presentar (leísmo)","gloss":"you","note":"Le stands in for the direct object here (rather than lo) — Argentine leísmo with presentar, referring to Erdosain."},{"surface":"voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of presentar","gloss":"am going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of presentar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"presentar","lemma":"presentar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"introduce"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rufián","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of presentar","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"Melancólico","lemma":"Melancólico","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Rufián","gloss":"Melancholy"}]},{"number":24,"label":"9","id":"el-astrologo-p9-s1","source":"Atravesando el vestíbulo oscuro y hediondo a humedad, entraron a un escritorio de muros rameados por un descolorido papel verdoso.","translation":"Crossing the dark vestibule that reeked of damp, they entered a study whose walls were patterned by a faded greenish paper.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"escritorio","title":"«escritorio» = study","body":"Here «escritorio» means the room — a study or private office — not the desk. The desk itself shows up later in the same chapter, also as «escritorio» («Haffner se dirigió al escritorio»), so context decides."}],"words":[{"surface":"Atravesando","lemma":"atravesar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on entraron","gloss":"Crossing"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vestíbulo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vestíbulo","lemma":"vestíbulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Atravesando","gloss":"vestibule"},{"surface":"oscuro","lemma":"oscuro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vestíbulo","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hediondo","lemma":"hediondo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with oscuro","gloss":"reeking"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking humedad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"humedad","lemma":"humedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hediondo","gloss":"damp"},{"surface":"entraron","lemma":"entrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escritorio","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of escritorio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"escritorio","lemma":"escritorio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of entraron","gloss":"study"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muros","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies escritorio","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"rameados","lemma":"rameado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies muros","gloss":"patterned"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking papel","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of papel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"descolorido","lemma":"descolorido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies papel","gloss":"faded"},{"surface":"papel","lemma":"papel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rameados","gloss":"paper"},{"surface":"verdoso","lemma":"verdoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies papel","gloss":"greenish"}]},{"number":25,"label":"10","id":"el-astrologo-p10-s1","source":"La habitación era francamente siniestra, con su altísimo cielorraso surcado de telarañas y la estrecha ventana protegida por el nudoso enrejado.","translation":"The room was frankly sinister, with its very high ceiling crossed by cobwebs and the narrow window guarded by a knotted iron grille.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of habitación","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"habitación","lemma":"habitación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to siniestra","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"francamente","lemma":"francamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies siniestra","gloss":"frankly"},{"surface":"siniestra","lemma":"siniestro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective with era","gloss":"sinister"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cielorraso","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cielorraso","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"altísimo","lemma":"altísimo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cielorraso","gloss":"very high"},{"surface":"cielorraso","lemma":"cielorraso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of era","gloss":"ceiling"},{"surface":"surcado","lemma":"surcado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cielorraso","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking telarañas","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"telarañas","lemma":"telaraña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of surcado","gloss":"cobwebs"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ventana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estrecha","lemma":"estrecho","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ventana","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"ventana","lemma":"ventana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with cielorraso","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"protegida","lemma":"protegido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ventana","gloss":"guarded"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enrejado","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of enrejado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nudoso","lemma":"nudoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies enrejado","gloss":"knotted"},{"surface":"enrejado","lemma":"enrejado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of protegida","gloss":"grille"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p10-s2","source":"En el enchapado de un armario antiguo, arrinconado, la claridad azulada se rompía en lívidas penumbras.","translation":"On the veneer of an old cabinet shoved into a corner, the bluish light broke into livid half-shadows.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p10-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enchapado","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of enchapado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"enchapado","lemma":"enchapado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rompía","gloss":"veneer"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking armario","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of armario","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"armario","lemma":"armario","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies enchapado","gloss":"cabinet"},{"surface":"antiguo","lemma":"antiguo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies armario","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"arrinconado","lemma":"arrinconado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies armario","gloss":"shoved into a corner"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of claridad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"claridad","lemma":"claridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rompía","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"azulada","lemma":"azulado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies claridad","gloss":"bluish"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of rompía","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"rompía","lemma":"romper","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking penumbras","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"lívidas","lemma":"lívido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies penumbras","gloss":"livid"},{"surface":"penumbras","lemma":"penumbra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of rompía","gloss":"half-shadows"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p10-s3","source":"Sentado en un sillón forrado de raído terciopelo verde estaba un hombre vestido de gris, renegrida onda de cabellos le soslayaba la frente, y calzaba botines de caña clara.","translation":"Seated in an armchair upholstered in threadbare green velvet was a man dressed in gray, a jet-black wave of hair slanting across his forehead, and he wore light-suede ankle boots.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p10-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le soslayaba la frente","title":"Possessive dative","body":"«Le soslayaba la frente» literally reads 'slanted across the forehead to him' — the indirect object «le» marks whose forehead it is, instead of a possessive 'his'. Spanish routinely uses this dative with body parts: «le» = 'his/her', the body part stays with the definite article «la». In the same line, «la caña» of a boot is its shaft, the part above the foot: «botines de caña clara» are ankle boots with light-coloured uppers."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sentado","lemma":"sentado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"Seated"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sillón","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sillón","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"sillón","lemma":"sillón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Sentado","gloss":"armchair"},{"surface":"forrado","lemma":"forrado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sillón","gloss":"upholstered"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terciopelo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"raído","lemma":"raído","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies terciopelo","gloss":"threadbare"},{"surface":"terciopelo","lemma":"terciopelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of forrado","gloss":"velvet"},{"surface":"verde","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies terciopelo","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to hombre","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"vestido","lemma":"vestido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gris","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gris","lemma":"gris","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vestido","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"renegrida","lemma":"renegrido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies onda","gloss":"jet-black"},{"surface":"onda","lemma":"onda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of soslayaba","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabellos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cabellos","lemma":"cabello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies onda","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"dative of possession, complement of soslayaba","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"soslayaba","lemma":"soslayar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"slanted"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of soslayaba","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"calzaba","lemma":"calzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with soslayaba","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"botines","lemma":"botín","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of calzaba","gloss":"ankle boots"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cana","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"caña","lemma":"caña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies botines","gloss":"shaft (of a boot)","note":"«la caña» of a boot is its shaft, the part rising above the foot; «botines de caña clara» are ankle boots with light-coloured uppers."},{"surface":"clara","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cana","gloss":"light"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p10-s4","source":"Onduló el amarillo guardapolvo del Astrólogo al acercarse al desconocido.","translation":"The Astrologer's yellow duster rippled as he approached the stranger.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p10-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"al acercarse","title":"«al» + reflexive infinitive","body":"«Al acercarse» = 'on drawing near'. The «al» + infinitive construction marks the moment of an action; here the verb is reflexive («acercarse», 'to approach'), so the pronoun «se» rides on the end of the infinitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Onduló","lemma":"ondular","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rippled"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of guardapolvo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"amarillo","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies guardapolvo","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"guardapolvo","lemma":"guardapolvo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Onduló","gloss":"duster"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies guardapolvo","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acercarse","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"acercarse","lemma":"acercarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Onduló","gloss":"approached"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desconocido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desconocido","lemma":"desconocido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of acercarse","gloss":"stranger"}]},{"number":29,"label":"11","id":"el-astrologo-p11-s1","source":"–Erdosain, le voy a presentar a Arturo Haffner.","translation":"\"Erdosain, I'm going to introduce you to Arturo Haffner.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of presentar (leísmo)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of presentar","gloss":"am going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of presentar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"presentar","lemma":"presentar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"introduce"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Arturo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Arturo","lemma":"Arturo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of presentar","gloss":"Arturo"},{"surface":"Haffner","lemma":"Haffner","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Arturo","gloss":"Haffner"}]},{"number":30,"label":"12","id":"el-astrologo-p12-s1","source":"En otra oportunidad, el fraudulento hubiérale dicho algo al hombre que el Astrólogo llamaba en su intimidad el Rufián Melancólico, quien, después de estrechar la mano de Erdosain, se cruzó de piernas en el sillón, apoyando la azulada mejilla en tres dedos de uñas centellantes.","translation":"On another occasion the swindler would have said something to the man the Astrologer privately called the Melancholy Ruffian, who, after shaking Erdosain's hand, crossed his legs in the armchair, resting his bluish cheek on three fingers with glittering nails.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hubiérale dicho","title":"Enclitic pronoun on the pluperfect subjunctive","body":"«Hubiérale dicho» = «le hubiera dicho» ('he would have said to him'), with the pronoun «le» attached to the end of the auxiliary — an old literary placement. The form is the pluperfect subjunctive (hubiera + dicho), which in this literary usage functions as a substitute for the conditional perfect (le habría dicho), here used for a hypothetical 'on another occasion'."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oportunidad","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of oportunidad","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"oportunidad","lemma":"oportunidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hubiérale","gloss":"occasion"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fraudulento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fraudulento","lemma":"fraudulento","morphology":"adjective (used as noun), masculine, singular","role":"subject of hubiérale","gloss":"swindler"},{"surface":"hubiérale","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, pluperfect subjunctive (conditional), third-person, singular, with enclitic dative pronoun le","role":"auxiliary of dicho","gloss":"would have, to him","note":"Archaic literary fusion: hubiera (pluperfect subjunctive of haber, used here for the conditional perfect) with the enclitic pronoun le attached — 'would have said to him', a construction not used in spoken Spanish."},{"surface":"dicho","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, singular","role":"past participle completing the compound verb hubiérale dicho","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of dicho","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dicho","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of llamaba","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of llamaba","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"llamaba","lemma":"llamar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking intimidad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of intimidad","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"intimidad","lemma":"intimidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llamaba","gloss":"privacy"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of llamaba","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"Melancólico","lemma":"Melancólico","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Rufián","gloss":"Melancholy"},{"surface":"quien","lemma":"quien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of cruzó","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cruzó","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of estrechar","gloss":"(marks infinitive)"},{"surface":"estrechar","lemma":"estrechar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on después","gloss":"shaking"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of estrechar","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies mano","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of cruzó","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"cruzó","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by quien","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piernas","gloss":"(idiom marker)"},{"surface":"piernas","lemma":"pierna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cruzó","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sillón","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sillón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sillón","lemma":"sillón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cruzó","gloss":"armchair"},{"surface":"apoyando","lemma":"apoyar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on cruzó","gloss":"resting"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mejilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"azulada","lemma":"azulado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mejilla","gloss":"bluish"},{"surface":"mejilla","lemma":"mejilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of apoyando","gloss":"cheek"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies dedos","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of apoyando","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uñas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"uñas","lemma":"uña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies dedos","gloss":"nails"},{"surface":"centellantes","lemma":"centellante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies uñas","gloss":"glittering"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p12-s2","source":"Y Erdosain remiró aquel rostro casi redondo, con laxitud de paz, y en la que sólo denunciaba al hombre de acción de chispa burlona, movediza, en el fondo de los ojos, y ese movimiento de levantar una ceja más que otra al escuchar al que hablaba.","translation":"And Erdosain looked again at that nearly round face, slack with peace, in which the man of action was betrayed only by a mocking, shifting spark deep in his eyes, and by that habit of raising one eyebrow higher than the other as he listened to whoever was speaking.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p12-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"remiró","title":"Prefix «re-» for 'again'","body":"«Remiró» = «re-» + «miró»: 'looked again, looked once more'. Spanish stacks «re-» on a verb to mean repeating or intensifying the action; «remirar» is to study something a second time, more closely."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of remiró","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"remiró","lemma":"remirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked again"},{"surface":"aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of remiró","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies redondo","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"redondo","lemma":"redondo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking laxitud","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"laxitud","lemma":"laxitud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"slackness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paz","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"paz","lemma":"paz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies laxitud","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"part of the relative pronoun la que","gloss":"(relative)"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of denunciaba","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies denunciaba","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"denunciaba","lemma":"denunciar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause (modifies rostro)","gloss":"betrayed"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of denunciaba","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acción","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"acción","lemma":"acción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"action"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks the agent of denunciaba","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"chispa","lemma":"chispa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"agent of denunciaba","gloss":"spark"},{"surface":"burlona","lemma":"burlón","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies chispa","gloss":"mocking"},{"surface":"movediza","lemma":"movedizo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with burlona","gloss":"shifting"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fondo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fondo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fondo","lemma":"fondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of chispa","gloss":"depth"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fondo","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of movimiento","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"movimiento","lemma":"movimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with chispa","gloss":"habit"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of levantar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"levantar","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying movimiento","gloss":"raising"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ceja","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ceja","lemma":"ceja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of levantar","gloss":"eyebrow"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies levantar","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of otra","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of más","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escuchar","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"escuchar","lemma":"escuchar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on levantar","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hablaba","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"hablaba","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause introduced by que","gloss":"was speaking"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p12-s3","source":"Erdosain distinguió a un costado, entre el saco y la camisa de seda que usaba el Rufián, el cabo negro de un revólver.","translation":"Off to one side, between the jacket and the silk shirt the Ruffian wore, Erdosain made out the black butt of a revolver.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p12-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of distinguió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"distinguió","lemma":"distinguir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made out"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking costado","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of costado","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"costado","lemma":"costado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of distinguió","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking saco","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of saco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"saco","lemma":"saco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of distinguió","gloss":"jacket"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of camisa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"camisa","lemma":"camisa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with saco","gloss":"shirt"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking seda","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"seda","lemma":"seda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies camisa","gloss":"silk"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of usaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usaba","lemma":"usar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying camisa","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of usaba","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cabo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabo","lemma":"cabo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of distinguió","gloss":"butt"},{"surface":"negro","lemma":"negro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cabo","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking revólver","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of revólver","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"revólver","lemma":"revólver","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cabo","gloss":"revolver"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p12-s4","source":"Indudablemente, en la vida, los rostros significan poca cosa.","translation":"Undoubtedly, in life, faces mean very little.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p12-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Indudablemente","lemma":"indudablemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies significan","gloss":"Undoubtedly"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of significan","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of rostros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rostros","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of significan","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"significan","lemma":"significar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mean"},{"surface":"poca","lemma":"poco","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of significan","gloss":"thing"}]},{"number":34,"label":"13","id":"el-astrologo-p13-s1","source":"Luego el Rufián volvió nuevamente la cabeza hacia un mapa de los Estados Unidos de la América del Norte, al cual se dirigió al Astrólogo recogiendo un puntero.","translation":"Then the Ruffian turned his head once more toward a map of the United States of North America, toward which he addressed the Astrologer, picking up a pointer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies volvió","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of volvió","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"nuevamente","lemma":"nuevamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies volvió","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of volvió","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mapa","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mapa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mapa","lemma":"mapa","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volvió","gloss":"map"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Estados","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of Estados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Estados","lemma":"Estados","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies mapa","gloss":"States"},{"surface":"Unidos","lemma":"Unidos","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Estados","gloss":"United"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking América","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of América","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"América","lemma":"América","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Estados","gloss":"America"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Norte","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Norte","lemma":"Norte","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Estados","gloss":"North"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cual","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"cual","lemma":"cual","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of dirigió","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dirigió","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"dirigió","lemma":"dirigir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying mapa","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of dirigió","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"recogiendo","lemma":"recoger","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dirigió","gloss":"picking up"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of puntero","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"puntero","lemma":"puntero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of recogiendo","gloss":"pointer"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p13-s2","source":"Y ya detenido, con el brazo amarillo cortando el azul mar del Caribe, exclamó:","translation":"And, halted now, his yellow arm cutting across the blue Caribbean Sea, he exclaimed:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p13-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies detenido","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"detenido","lemma":"detenido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies the subject of exclamó","gloss":"halted"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of brazo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazo","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cortando","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"amarillo","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies brazo","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"cortando","lemma":"cortar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on exclamó","gloss":"cutting"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"azul","lemma":"azul","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mar","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"mar","lemma":"mar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cortando","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Caribe","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Caribe","lemma":"Caribe","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies mar","gloss":"Caribbean"},{"surface":"exclamó","lemma":"exclamar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exclaimed"}]},{"number":36,"label":"14","id":"el-astrologo-p14-s1","source":"–El Ku–Klux–Klan tenía sólo en Chicago 150 mil adherentes...","translation":"\"The Ku Klux Klan had a hundred and fifty thousand members in Chicago alone...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p14-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Ku–Klux–Klan","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Ku–Klux–Klan","lemma":"Ku–Klux–Klan","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of tenía","gloss":"Ku Klux Klan"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Chicago","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Chicago","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Chicago","lemma":"Chicago","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of tenía","gloss":"Chicago"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies adherentes","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"adherentes","lemma":"adherente","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"members"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p14-s2","source":"En Missouri, 100.000 adherentes.","translation":"\"In Missouri, a hundred thousand members.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p14-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Missouri","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"Missouri","lemma":"Missouri","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of adherentes","gloss":"Missouri"},{"surface":"adherentes","lemma":"adherente","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"members"}]},{"number":38,"label":"15","id":"el-astrologo-p15-s1","source":"Se dice que en Arkansas hay más de 200 «cavernas».","translation":"\"They say that in Arkansas there are more than two hundred \"caverns\".\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p15-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se dice","title":"Impersonal «se»","body":"«Se dice que…» = 'it is said that / they say that'. The impersonal «se» reports a claim without naming a source — the natural Spanish equivalent of English 'one says' or 'people say'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"impersonal se marking dice","gloss":"it","note":"'Se dice que' is an impersonal construction meaning 'it is said that / people say that.'"},{"surface":"dice","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is said"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hay","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Arkansas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Arkansas","lemma":"Arkansas","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of hay","gloss":"Arkansas"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the subordinate clause","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cavernas","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the comparative phrase más de","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"cavernas","lemma":"caverna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"caverns"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p15-s2","source":"En Little Rock, el Imperio Invisible afirma que todos los pastores protestantes están adheridos a la hermandad.","translation":"\"In Little Rock the Invisible Empire claims that all the Protestant pastors are bound to the brotherhood.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p15-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Little","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"Little","lemma":"Little","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of afirma","gloss":"Little"},{"surface":"Rock","lemma":"Rock","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Little","gloss":"Rock"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Imperio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Imperio","lemma":"Imperio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of afirma","gloss":"Empire"},{"surface":"Invisible","lemma":"Invisible","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Imperio","gloss":"Invisible"},{"surface":"afirma","lemma":"afirmar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"claims"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of adheridos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pastores","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pastores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pastores","lemma":"pastor","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of adheridos","gloss":"pastors"},{"surface":"protestantes","lemma":"protestante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies pastores","gloss":"Protestant"},{"surface":"están","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to adheridos","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"adheridos","lemma":"adherir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"predicate adjective with están","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hermandad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of hermandad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hermandad","lemma":"hermandad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of adheridos","gloss":"brotherhood"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p15-s3","source":"En Texas domina absolutamente en las ciudades de Dallas, Fort, Houston, Beaumont.","translation":"\"In Texas it dominates absolutely in the cities of Dallas, Fort, Houston, Beaumont.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p15-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Texas","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"Texas","lemma":"Texas","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of domina","gloss":"Texas"},{"surface":"domina","lemma":"dominar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dominates"},{"surface":"absolutamente","lemma":"absolutamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies domina","gloss":"absolutely"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciudades","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ciudades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudades","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of domina","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dallas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Dallas","lemma":"Dallas","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies ciudades","gloss":"Dallas"},{"surface":"Fort","lemma":"Fort","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Dallas","gloss":"Fort"},{"surface":"Houston","lemma":"Houston","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Dallas","gloss":"Houston"},{"surface":"Beaumont","lemma":"Beaumont","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Dallas","gloss":"Beaumont"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p15-s4","source":"En Binghamtom, residencia de Smith, que era Gran Dragón de la Orden, se contaban 75.000 adeptos, y en Oklahoma éstos hicieron decretar por las Cámaras un «bill» suspendiéndolo a Walton, el gobernador, por perseguirlos, de tal modo que prácticamente el estado se encontraba hasta hace poco tiempo bajo el control del Klan.","translation":"\"In Binghamton, home of Smith, who was Grand Dragon of the Order, seventy-five thousand adepts were counted, and in Oklahoma they had the Chambers decree a \"bill\" suspending Walton, the governor, for persecuting them, so that practically until recently the state lay under the control of the Klan.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p15-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hicieron decretar","title":"Causative «hacer» + infinitive","body":"«Hicieron decretar» = 'they had [it] decreed / they made [someone] decree'. «Hacer» + an infinitive is the causative: you don't do the action yourself, you cause it to be done — here, they made the legislature pass the bill."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Binghamtom","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"Binghamtom","lemma":"Binghamtom","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of contaban","gloss":"Binghamton"},{"surface":"residencia","lemma":"residencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Binghamtom","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Smith","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Smith","lemma":"Smith","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies residencia","gloss":"Smith"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of era","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Dragón","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Gran","lemma":"gran","morphology":"adjective","role":"modifies Dragón","gloss":"Grand"},{"surface":"Dragón","lemma":"Dragón","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"Dragon"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Orden","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Orden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Orden","lemma":"Orden","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies Dragón","gloss":"Order"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of contaban","gloss":"were","note":"Passive 'se': 'se contaban' = 'were counted.'"},{"surface":"contaban","lemma":"contar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"counted"},{"surface":"adeptos","lemma":"adepto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of contaban","gloss":"adepts"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oklahoma","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Oklahoma","lemma":"Oklahoma","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of hicieron","gloss":"Oklahoma"},{"surface":"éstos","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of hicieron","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hicieron","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with contaban","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"decretar","lemma":"decretar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hicieron","gloss":"decree"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Cámaras","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of Cámaras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Cámaras","lemma":"cámara","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of decretar","gloss":"Chambers"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bill","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bill","lemma":"bill","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of decretar","gloss":"bill","note":"Arlt keeps the English legal term 'bill' in quotation marks in the original."},{"surface":"suspendiéndolo","lemma":"suspender él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"modifies bill","gloss":"suspending him"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Walton","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"Walton","lemma":"Walton","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to lo (direct object of suspendiéndolo)","gloss":"Walton"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gobernador","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gobernador","lemma":"gobernador","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Walton","gloss":"governor"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of perseguirlos","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"perseguirlos","lemma":"perseguir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on suspendiéndolo","gloss":"persecuting them"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase de tal modo que","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"adjective","role":"part of the phrase de tal modo que","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase de tal modo que","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"prácticamente","lemma":"prácticamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encontraba","gloss":"practically"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of estado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estado","lemma":"estado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of encontraba","gloss":"state"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encontraba","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"encontraba","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hicieron","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hace","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on encontraba","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tiempo","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hace","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking control","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of control","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"control","lemma":"control","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encontraba","gloss":"control"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Klan","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Klan","lemma":"Klan","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies control","gloss":"Klan"}]},{"number":42,"label":"16","id":"el-astrologo-p16-s1","source":"El guardapolvo amarillo del Astrólogo parecía la vestimenta de un sacerdote de Buda.","translation":"The Astrologer's yellow duster looked like the vestment of a priest of Buddha.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p16-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of guardapolvo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"guardapolvo","lemma":"guardapolvo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of parecía","gloss":"duster"},{"surface":"amarillo","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies guardapolvo","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies guardapolvo","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked like"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vestimenta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vestimenta","lemma":"vestimenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of parecía","gloss":"vestment"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sacerdote","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sacerdote","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sacerdote","lemma":"sacerdote","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vestimenta","gloss":"priest"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Buda","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Buda","lemma":"Buda","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies sacerdote","gloss":"Buddha"}]},{"number":43,"label":"17","id":"el-astrologo-p17-s1","source":"Continuó el Astrólogo:","translation":"The Astrologer went on:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p17-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of Continuó","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":44,"label":"18","id":"el-astrologo-p18-s1","source":"–¿Sabe usted que quemaron vivos a muchos hombres?...","translation":"\"Do you know that they burned many men alive?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p18-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quemaron vivos","title":"Adjective agreeing with the object","body":"«Quemaron vivos a muchos hombres» = 'they burned many men alive'. «Vivos» ('alive') agrees in gender and number with «hombres», not with the verb — Spanish lets a predicate adjective describe the object and inflect to match it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, second-person formal, singular","role":"subject of Sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quemaron","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"quemaron","lemma":"quemar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of Sabe","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"vivos","lemma":"vivo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies hombres","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombres","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"muchos","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of quemaron","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":45,"label":"19","id":"el-astrologo-p19-s1","source":"–Sí –asintió el Rufián–; leí los telegramas.","translation":"\"Yes,\" the Ruffian assented; \"I read the cables.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p19-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on asintió","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"asintió","lemma":"asentir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"assented"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of asintió","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"leí","lemma":"leer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with asintió","gloss":"I read"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of telegramas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"telegramas","lemma":"telegrama","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of leí","gloss":"cables"}]},{"number":46,"label":"20","id":"el-astrologo-p20-s1","source":"Erdosain examinaba ahora al Rufián Melancólico.","translation":"Erdosain was now studying the Melancholy Ruffian.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p20-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"examinaba","title":"Imperfect for an action in progress","body":"«Examinaba» is imperfect: 'was examining', an action stretched out in the moment rather than a single completed one. Spanish narration uses the imperfect to hold a scene open while other things happen around it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of examinaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"examinaba","lemma":"examinar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was studying"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies examinaba","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of examinaba","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"Melancólico","lemma":"Melancólico","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Rufián","gloss":"Melancholy"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p20-s2","source":"Así lo llamaba el Astrólogo, porque el macró hacía muchos años había querido suicidarse.","translation":"That was what the Astrologer called him, because many years earlier the pimp had tried to kill himself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p20-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"macró","title":"«macró» (lunfardo)","body":"«Macró» is Buenos Aires «lunfardo» slang for a pimp, from the French «maquereau». Arlt salts the novel with «lunfardo» — the porteño street argot — so the underworld speaks in its own register."}],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llamaba","gloss":"Thus"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of llamaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"llamaba","lemma":"llamar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of llamaba","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hacía","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of macró","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"macró","lemma":"macró","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of había querido","gloss":"pimp","note":"Lunfardo (porteño slang) for 'pimp.'"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial time clause modifying había querido","gloss":"ago","note":"'hacía + [time]' is an impersonal construction meaning '[time period] earlier/ago.'"},{"surface":"muchos","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of años","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"años","lemma":"año","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hacía","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of querido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"querido","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the porque clause","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"suicidarse","lemma":"suicidar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of querido","gloss":"to kill himself"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p20-s3","source":"Fue aquél un asunto oscuro.","translation":"That had been a murky affair.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p20-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"aquél","lemma":"aquél","morphology":"pronoun, demonstrative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Fue","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of asunto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"asunto","lemma":"asunto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Fue","gloss":"affair"},{"surface":"oscuro","lemma":"oscuro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies asunto","gloss":"murky"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p20-s4","source":"Del día a la noche, Haffner, que hacía tiempo explotaba a prostitutas, se descerrajó un tiro en el pecho, junto al corazón.","translation":"From one day to the next, Haffner, who had for some time been living off prostitutes, fired a shot into his chest, next to the heart.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p20-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hacía tiempo explotaba","title":"«hacía» + imperfect for duration","body":"«Hacía tiempo [que] explotaba» = 'he had for some time been exploiting'. «Hacía» + a time word with a verb in the imperfect renders English 'had been (doing) for a while' — an ongoing past action measured backward from the moment in the story."}],"words":[{"surface":"Del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom del día a la noche","gloss":"From","note":"'Del día a la noche' is an idiom meaning 'suddenly, overnight' — not literally 'from day to night.'"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of descerrajó","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking noche","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the idiom del día a la noche","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"Haffner","lemma":"Haffner","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of descerrajó","gloss":"Haffner"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of explotaba","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on explotaba","gloss":"had been"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hacía","gloss":"some time"},{"surface":"explotaba","lemma":"explotar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying Haffner","gloss":"living off"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prostitutas","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"prostitutas","lemma":"prostituta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of explotaba","gloss":"prostitutes"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of descerrajó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"descerrajó","lemma":"descerrajar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fired"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tiro","lemma":"tiro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of descerrajó","gloss":"shot"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pecho","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pecho","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pecho","lemma":"pecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of descerrajó","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"junto","lemma":"junto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pecho","gloss":"next","note":"'junto a' is a fixed phrase meaning 'next to.'"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corazón","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"corazón","lemma":"corazón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of descerrajó","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p20-s5","source":"La contracción del órgano en el preciso instante de pasar el proyectil lo salvó de la muerte.","translation":"The contraction of the organ at the precise instant the bullet passed through saved him from death.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p20-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of contracción","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"contracción","lemma":"contracción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of salvó","gloss":"contraction"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking órgano","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"órgano","lemma":"órgano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies contracción","gloss":"organ"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking instante","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"preciso","lemma":"preciso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies instante","gloss":"precise"},{"surface":"instante","lemma":"instante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies contracción","gloss":"instant"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pasar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pasar","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying instante","gloss":"passing"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proyectil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"proyectil","lemma":"proyectil","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"subject of pasar","gloss":"bullet"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of salvó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"salvó","lemma":"salvar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muerte","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of muerte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muerte","lemma":"muerte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of salvó","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p20-s6","source":"Luego, como es natural, continuó haciendo su vida, quizá con un poco de más prestigio por ese gesto que ninguno de sus camaradas de rapiña se explicaba.","translation":"Afterward, naturally, he went on with his life, perhaps with a little more prestige for that gesture which none of his comrades in plunder could fathom.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p20-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies continuó","gloss":"Afterward"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of natural","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to natural","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"natural","lemma":"natural","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"adverbial clause on continuó","gloss":"natural"},{"surface":"continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"haciendo","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of continuó","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of haciendo","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies continuó","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poco","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"object of con","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prestigio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies prestigio","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"prestigio","lemma":"prestigio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies poco","gloss":"prestige"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gesto","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gesto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gesto","lemma":"gesto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies prestigio","gloss":"gesture"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of explicaba","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ninguno","lemma":"ninguno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of explicaba","gloss":"none"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking camaradas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of camaradas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"camaradas","lemma":"camarada","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"modifies ninguno","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rapiña","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"rapiña","lemma":"rapiña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies camaradas","gloss":"plunder"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of explicaba","gloss":"to himself"},{"surface":"explicaba","lemma":"explicar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying gesto","gloss":"could fathom"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p20-s7","source":"Continuó el Astrólogo:","translation":"The Astrologer went on:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p20-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of Continuó","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":53,"label":"21","id":"el-astrologo-p21-s1","source":"–El Ku–Klux–Klan reunió millones...","translation":"\"The Ku Klux Klan gathered millions...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p21-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Ku–Klux–Klan","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Ku–Klux–Klan","lemma":"Ku–Klux–Klan","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of reunió","gloss":"Ku Klux Klan"},{"surface":"reunió","lemma":"reunir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"millones","lemma":"millón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of reunió","gloss":"millions"}]},{"number":54,"label":"22","id":"el-astrologo-p22-s1","source":"Se desperezó el Rufián y contestó:","translation":"The Ruffian stretched himself and answered:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p22-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Se desperezó","title":"«desperezarse»","body":"«Desperezarse» is the pronominal verb for stretching to shake off drowsiness — the long, cat-like stretch you give on waking. It always carries the reflexive «se»: «se desperezó» = 'he stretched himself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desperezó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"desperezó","lemma":"desperezar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of desperezó","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"contestó","lemma":"contestar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with desperezó","gloss":"answered"}]},{"number":55,"label":"23","id":"el-astrologo-p23-s1","source":"–Sí, y al Dragón... ¡ese sí que es un Dragón!, se le procesa por estafador...","translation":"\"Yes, and the Dragon... now there's a Dragon for you!, he's being prosecuted as a swindler...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p23-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ese sí que es","title":"Emphatic «sí que»","body":"«Ese sí que es un Dragón» = 'that one really is a Dragon'. «Sí que» inserts emphasis — 'truly, indeed' — into an affirmation. The «se le procesa» that follows is an impersonal «se»: 'he is being prosecuted'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"stands alone (affirmative reply)","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dragón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Dragón","lemma":"Dragón","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of preposition al (topic fragment)","gloss":"Dragon"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, demonstrative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies es","gloss":"indeed","note":"'sí que' is an emphatic intensifier meaning 'indeed, really.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase sí que","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Dragón","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Dragón","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Dragón","lemma":"Dragón","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"Dragon"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"impersonal passive marker of procesa","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, third-person, singular (leísta direct object)","role":"direct object of procesa","gloss":"him","note":"Leísmo: 'le' used as a direct object pronoun for a male person, instead of standard 'lo.'"},{"surface":"procesa","lemma":"procesar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is prosecuted"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estafador","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"estafador","lemma":"estafador","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of por","gloss":"swindler"}]},{"number":56,"label":"24","id":"el-astrologo-p24-s1","source":"El Astrólogo se desentendió de la réplica:","translation":"The Astrologer brushed the retort aside:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p24-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"se desentendió de","title":"«desentenderse de»","body":"«Desentenderse de» means to take no notice of, to ignore or wash one's hands of something. «Se desentendió de la réplica» = 'he disregarded the reply' — the «de» marks what he refused to engage with."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of desentendió","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desentendió","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"desentendió","lemma":"desentenderse","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"brushed aside"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking réplica","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of réplica","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"réplica","lemma":"réplica","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of desentendió","gloss":"retort"}]},{"number":57,"label":"25","id":"el-astrologo-p25-s1","source":"–¿Qué es lo que se opone aquí en la Argentina para que exista también una sociedad secreta que alcance tanto poderío como aquélla allá?","translation":"\"What is there to stop a secret society here in Argentina from likewise reaching as much power as that one over there?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p25-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"para que exista… alcance","title":"«para que» + subjunctive","body":"«Para que» ('so that, in order that') always takes the subjunctive: «exista» and «alcance» are present-subjunctive forms of «existir» and «alcanzar». The conjunction signals a hoped-for, not-yet-real purpose, which Spanish marks with the subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of opone","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of opone","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"opone","lemma":"oponerse","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying lo","gloss":"stands in the way"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies opone","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Argentina","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Argentina","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"Argentina","lemma":"Argentina","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of opone","gloss":"Argentina"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of exista","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of exista","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"exista","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on opone","gloss":"should exist"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies exista","gloss":"likewise"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of exista","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"secreta","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sociedad","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of alcance","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"alcance","lemma":"alcanzar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying sociedad","gloss":"reaches"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poderío","gloss":"as much"},{"surface":"poderío","lemma":"poderío","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of alcance","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of aquélla","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"aquélla","lemma":"aquélla","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of como","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aquélla","gloss":"over there"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p25-s2","source":"Y le hablo a usted con franqueza.","translation":"\"And I speak to you frankly.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p25-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hablo","gloss":"to you","note":"Clitic double of 'a usted' just after it — normal in spoken/Rioplatense Spanish, not two separate 'you's."},{"surface":"hablo","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of hablo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking franqueza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"franqueza","lemma":"franqueza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hablo","gloss":"frankness"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p25-s3","source":"No sé si nuestra sociedad será bolchevique o fascista.","translation":"\"I don't know whether our society will be Bolshevik or Fascist.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p25-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bolchevique","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of bolchevique","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bolchevique","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"bolchevique","lemma":"bolchevique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of será","gloss":"Bolshevik"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"fascista","lemma":"fascista","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with bolchevique","gloss":"Fascist"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p25-s4","source":"A veces me inclino a creer que lo mejor que se puede hacer es preparar una ensalada rusa que ni Dios la entienda.","translation":"\"At times I lean toward thinking that the best thing one can do is to whip up a Russian salad that not even God could make sense of.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p25-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que ni Dios la entienda","title":"Subjunctive in a relative clause","body":"«Una ensalada rusa que ni Dios la entienda» uses the subjunctive «entienda» because the salad is hypothetical — the kind no one could understand. A relative clause describing something indefinite or non-existent takes the subjunctive, not the indicative."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies inclino","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"part of the phrase A","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of inclino","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"inclino","lemma":"inclinarse","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lean"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of creer","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"creer","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of inclino","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of creer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of mejor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mejor","lemma":"mejor","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"subject of es","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"impersonal particle of hacer","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hacer","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying mejor","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to preparar","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"preparar","lemma":"preparar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"to whip up"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ensalada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ensalada","lemma":"ensalada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of preparar","gloss":"salad"},{"surface":"rusa","lemma":"ruso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ensalada","gloss":"Russian"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"introduces the clause of entienda","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Dios","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of entienda","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of entienda","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"entienda","lemma":"entender","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying ensalada","gloss":"make sense of"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p25-s5","source":"Creo que no se me puede pedir más sinceridad en este momento.","translation":"\"I believe no more sincerity than this can be asked of me at the moment.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p25-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Creo","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pedir","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pedir","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"passive particle of pedir","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pedir","gloss":"of me"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pedir","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"pedir","lemma":"pedir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of Creo","gloss":"be asked"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sinceridad","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"sinceridad","lemma":"sinceridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of pedir","gloss":"sincerity"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pedir","gloss":"moment"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p25-s6","source":"Vea que por ahora lo que yo pretendo hacer es un bloque donde se consoliden todas las posibles esperanzas humanas.","translation":"\"Understand that for now what I mean to make is a bloc where all the possible human hopes can be consolidated.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p25-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Understand"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bloque","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pretendo","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of pretendo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"pretendo","lemma":"pretender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying lo","gloss":"mean to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pretendo","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bloque","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bloque","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bloque","lemma":"bloque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"bloc"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"oblique complement of consoliden","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"passive particle of consoliden","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"consoliden","lemma":"consolidar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying bloque","gloss":"consolidated"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of las","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of esperanzas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"posibles","lemma":"posible","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies esperanzas","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"esperanzas","lemma":"esperanza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of consoliden","gloss":"hopes"},{"surface":"humanas","lemma":"humano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies esperanzas","gloss":"human"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p25-s7","source":"Mi plan es dirigirnos con preferencia a los jóvenes bolcheviques, estudiantes y proletarios inteligentes.","translation":"\"My plan is to address ourselves above all to the young Bolsheviks, students and intelligent proletarians.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p25-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of plan","gloss":"My"},{"surface":"plan","lemma":"plan","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to dirigirnos","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"dirigirnos","lemma":"dirigirse","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"to address ourselves"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking preferencia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"preferencia","lemma":"preferencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dirigirnos","gloss":"preference"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jóvenes","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of bolcheviques","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jóvenes","lemma":"joven","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies bolcheviques","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"bolcheviques","lemma":"bolchevique","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of dirigirnos","gloss":"Bolsheviks"},{"surface":"estudiantes","lemma":"estudiante","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with bolcheviques","gloss":"students"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"proletarios","lemma":"proletario","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with bolcheviques","gloss":"proletarians"},{"surface":"inteligentes","lemma":"inteligente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies proletarios","gloss":"intelligent"}]},{"number":64,"label":"26","id":"el-astrologo-p26-s1","source":"Además, acogeremos a los que tienen un plan para reformar el universo, a los empleados que aspiran a ser millonarios, a los inventores fallados –no se dé por aludido, Erdosain–, a los cesantes de cualquier cosa, a los que acaban de sufrir un proceso y quedan en la calle sin saber para qué lado mirar...","translation":"\"Besides, we will take in those who have a plan to reform the universe, the clerks who dream of being millionaires, the failed inventors — don't take it personally, Erdosain — the laid-off of every kind, those who have just been through a trial and find themselves out on the street with no idea which way to look...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p26-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no se dé por aludido","title":"Negative «usted» command + idiom","body":"«Darse por aludido» means 'to take a remark as aimed at oneself'. «No se dé por aludido» is the negative formal command ('don't take it personally'); negative commands and the formal imperative both use the subjunctive form «dé»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies acogeremos","gloss":"Besides"},{"surface":"acogeremos","lemma":"acoger","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will take in"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tienen","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of tienen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tienen","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of acogeremos","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of plan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"plan","lemma":"plan","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tienen","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of reformar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"reformar","lemma":"reformar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying plan","gloss":"reform"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of universo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"universo","lemma":"universo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of reformar","gloss":"universe"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking empleados","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of empleados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"empleados","lemma":"empleado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of acogeremos","gloss":"clerks"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of aspiran","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"aspiran","lemma":"aspirar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying empleados","gloss":"dream of"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of millonarios","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to millonarios","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"millonarios","lemma":"millonario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"complement of aspiran","gloss":"millionaires"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inventores","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of inventores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"inventores","lemma":"inventor","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of acogeremos","gloss":"inventors"},{"surface":"fallados","lemma":"fallado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies inventores","gloss":"failed"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dé","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dé","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"dé","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular","role":"main verb of the aside to Erdosain","gloss":"take","note":"Idiom 'darse por aludido' = to take a remark as directed at oneself, i.e. 'take it personally.'"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aludido","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"aludido","lemma":"aludido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dé","gloss":"referred to"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative, direct address","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cesantes","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cesantes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cesantes","lemma":"cesante","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of acogeremos","gloss":"laid-off"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cosa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cualquier","lemma":"cualquiera","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cesantes","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of acaban","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"acaban","lemma":"acabar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying los","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sufrir","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"sufrir","lemma":"sufrir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of acaban","gloss":"been through"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proceso","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"proceso","lemma":"proceso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sufrir","gloss":"trial"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quedan","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with acaban","gloss":"find themselves"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking calle","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of calle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"calle","lemma":"calle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of quedan","gloss":"street"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of saber","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"saber","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on quedan","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lado","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner, interrogative","role":"determiner of lado","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"lado","lemma":"lado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mirar","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"mirar","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of saber","gloss":"to look"}]},{"number":65,"label":"27","id":"el-astrologo-p27-s1","source":"Erdosain recordó la misión que lo llevó a la casa del Astrólogo, y dijo:","translation":"Erdosain remembered the errand that had brought him to the Astrologer's house, and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p27-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of recordó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"recordó","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of misión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"misión","lemma":"misión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of recordó","gloss":"errand"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of llevó","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of llevó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"llevó","lemma":"llevar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying misión","gloss":"had brought"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llevó","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with recordó","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":66,"label":"28","id":"el-astrologo-p28-s1","source":"–Tendría que hablar con usted...","translation":"\"I would need to speak with you...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p28-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tendría que","title":"Conditional for softening","body":"«Tendría que hablar» = 'I would have to / I would need to speak'. «Tener que» + infinitive states an obligation; putting «tener» in the conditional («tendría») makes the request tentative and polite, as English 'I would need to' does."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tendría","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would need"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hablar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hablar","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Tendría","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hablar","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":67,"label":"29","id":"el-astrologo-p29-s1","source":"–Un momentito... estoy en seguida con usted –y siguió–: El poder de esta sociedad no derivará de lo que los socios quieran dar, sino de lo que producirán los prostíbulos anexos a cada célula.","translation":"\"Just a moment... I'll be right with you,\" and he went on: \"The power of this society will not derive from what the members care to give, but from what the brothels attached to each cell will produce.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p29-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no… sino","title":"«no… sino» — 'not… but rather'","body":"«No derivará de… sino de…» = 'will derive not from… but rather from…'. «Sino» corrects a negated statement, replacing what was just denied. Note «quieran dar» is subjunctive after «lo que», pointing to an indefinite, unspecified amount."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momentito","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"momentito","lemma":"momentito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"stands alone as an exclamation","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'll be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking seguida","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"seguida","lemma":"seguida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"away","note":"'en seguida' is a fixed idiom for 'right away, immediately' — not literally 'in following.'"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of estoy","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"siguió","lemma":"seguir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estoy","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poder","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"poder","lemma":"poder","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of derivará","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies poder","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies derivará","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"derivará","lemma":"derivar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of siguió","gloss":"will derive"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of quieran","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of quieran","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of socios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"socios","lemma":"socio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of quieran","gloss":"members"},{"surface":"quieran","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying lo","gloss":"care to"},{"surface":"dar","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quieran","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of producirán","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of producirán","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"producirán","lemma":"producir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with derivará","gloss":"will produce"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of prostíbulos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"prostíbulos","lemma":"prostíbulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of producirán","gloss":"brothels"},{"surface":"anexos","lemma":"anexo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies prostíbulos","gloss":"attached"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking célula","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of célula","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"célula","lemma":"célula","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of anexos","gloss":"cell"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p29-s2","source":"Cuando yo hablo de una sociedad secreta, no me refiero al tipo clásico de sociedad, sino a una supermoderna, donde cada miembro y adepto tenga intereses, y recoja ganancias, porque sólo así es posible vincularlos más y más a los fines que sólo conocerán unos pocos.","translation":"\"When I speak of a secret society, I don't mean the classic kind of society, but a hyper-modern one, where every member and adept has a stake, and reaps profits, because only thus is it possible to bind them more and more to the ends only a few will ever know.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p29-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"donde… tenga… recoja","title":"Subjunctive for a hoped-for kind","body":"«Donde cada miembro… tenga intereses, y recoja ganancias» uses the subjunctive («tenga», «recoja») because the society is still a plan, not a fact. A relative clause describing a sought-after, not-yet-existing thing takes the subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hablo","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of hablo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hablo","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on refiero","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hablo","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"secreta","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sociedad","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies refiero","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of refiero","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"refiero","lemma":"referirse","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mean"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tipo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"tipo","lemma":"tipo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of refiero","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"clásico","lemma":"clásico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tipo","gloss":"classic"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tipo","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking supermoderna","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of supermoderna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"supermoderna","lemma":"supermoderno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with tipo","gloss":"hyper-modern one"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"oblique complement of tenga","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of miembro","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"miembro","lemma":"miembro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tenga","gloss":"member"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"adepto","lemma":"adepto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with miembro","gloss":"adept"},{"surface":"tenga","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying supermoderna","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"intereses","lemma":"interés","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tenga","gloss":"a stake"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"recoja","lemma":"recoger","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tenga","gloss":"reaps"},{"surface":"ganancias","lemma":"ganancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of recoja","gloss":"profits"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of posible","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies así","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies posible","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to posible","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"posible","lemma":"posible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tenga","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"vincularlos","lemma":"vincular","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on posible","gloss":"bind them"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vincularlos","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with más","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fines","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of fines","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fines","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of vincularlos","gloss":"ends"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of conocerán","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conocerán","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"conocerán","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying fines","gloss":"will know"},{"surface":"unos","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pocos","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pocos","lemma":"poco","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of conocerán","gloss":"few"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p29-s3","source":"Este es el aspecto comercial.","translation":"\"This is the commercial side.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p29-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Este","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to aspecto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aspecto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aspecto","lemma":"aspecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"comercial","lemma":"comercial","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies aspecto","gloss":"commercial"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p29-s4","source":"Los prostíbulos producirán ingresos como para mantener las crecientes ramificaciones de la sociedad.","translation":"\"The brothels will produce income enough to maintain the society's growing ramifications.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p29-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of prostíbulos","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"prostíbulos","lemma":"prostíbulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of producirán","gloss":"brothels"},{"surface":"producirán","lemma":"producir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will produce"},{"surface":"ingresos","lemma":"ingreso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of producirán","gloss":"income"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mantener","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of mantener","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mantener","lemma":"mantener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying ingresos","gloss":"maintain"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ramificaciones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"crecientes","lemma":"creciente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies ramificaciones","gloss":"growing"},{"surface":"ramificaciones","lemma":"ramificación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of mantener","gloss":"ramifications"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ramificaciones","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p29-s5","source":"En la cordillera estableceremos una colonia revolucionaria.","translation":"\"In the mountains we will establish a revolutionary colony.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p29-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la cordillera","title":"«la cordillera»","body":"For an Argentine «la cordillera», on its own, means the Andes — the mountain range along the western border. No further qualifier is needed; «en la cordillera» is simply 'up in the Andes'."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cordillera","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cordillera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cordillera","lemma":"cordillera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estableceremos","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"estableceremos","lemma":"establecer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will establish"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of colonia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"colonia","lemma":"colonia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of estableceremos","gloss":"colony"},{"surface":"revolucionaria","lemma":"revolucionario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies colonia","gloss":"revolutionary"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p29-s6","source":"Allí, los novicios seguirán cursos de táctica ácrata, propaganda revolucionaria, ingeniería militar, instalaciones industriales, de manera que estos asociados el día que salgan de la colonia puedan establecer en cualquier parte una rama de la sociedad...","translation":"\"There the novices will take courses in anarchist tactics, revolutionary propaganda, military engineering, industrial installations, so that these associates, on the day they leave the colony, can set up a branch of the society anywhere...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p29-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"de manera que… puedan","title":"«de manera que» + subjunctive of purpose","body":"When «de manera que» expresses a goal ('so that they may'), it takes the subjunctive: «puedan» ('they can / may'). The same phrase with the indicative would state a result that simply happened; the subjunctive marks intended purpose. «Salgan» is likewise subjunctive after «el día que»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies seguirán","gloss":"There"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of novicios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"novicios","lemma":"novicio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of seguirán","gloss":"novices"},{"surface":"seguirán","lemma":"seguir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will take"},{"surface":"cursos","lemma":"curso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of seguirán","gloss":"courses"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking táctica","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"táctica","lemma":"táctica","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cursos","gloss":"tactics"},{"surface":"ácrata","lemma":"ácrata","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies táctica","gloss":"anarchist"},{"surface":"propaganda","lemma":"propaganda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to cursos","gloss":"propaganda"},{"surface":"revolucionaria","lemma":"revolucionario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies propaganda","gloss":"revolutionary"},{"surface":"ingeniería","lemma":"ingeniería","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to cursos","gloss":"engineering"},{"surface":"militar","lemma":"militar","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies ingeniería","gloss":"military"},{"surface":"instalaciones","lemma":"instalación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with cursos","gloss":"installations"},{"surface":"industriales","lemma":"industrial","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies instalaciones","gloss":"industrial"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of asociados","gloss":"so","note":"'de manera que' together mean 'so that'."},{"surface":"manera","lemma":"manera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"a way"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estos","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of asociados","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"asociados","lemma":"asociado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of puedan","gloss":"associates"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies puedan (temporal)","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"introduces the clause modifying día","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"salgan","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying día","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking colonia","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of colonia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"colonia","lemma":"colonia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of salgan","gloss":"colony"},{"surface":"puedan","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of establecer","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"establecer","lemma":"establecer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the result clause (subject asociados) modifying seguirán","gloss":"set up"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parte","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cualquier","lemma":"cualquiera","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of parte","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of establecer","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of rama","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rama","lemma":"rama","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of establecer","gloss":"branch"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies rama","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p29-s7","source":"¿Me entiende?","translation":"\"Do you follow me?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p29-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of entiende","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"entiende","lemma":"entender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you follow"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p29-s8","source":"La sociedad secreta tendrá su academia, la Academia para Revolucionarios.","translation":"\"The secret society will have its academy, the Academy for Revolutionaries.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p29-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tendrá","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"secreta","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sociedad","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"tendrá","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of academia","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"academia","lemma":"academia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tendrá","gloss":"academy"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Academia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Academia","lemma":"Academia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to academia","gloss":"Academy"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Revolucionarios","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Revolucionarios","lemma":"Revolucionarios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Academia","gloss":"Revolutionaries"}]},{"number":75,"label":"30","id":"el-astrologo-p30-s1","source":"El reloj suspendido del muro dio cinco campanadas.","translation":"The clock hung on the wall struck five.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p30-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of reloj","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"reloj","lemma":"reloj","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dio","gloss":"clock"},{"surface":"suspendido","lemma":"suspendido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies reloj","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muro","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"muro","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies reloj","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"dio","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"cinco","lemma":"cinco","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies campanadas","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"campanadas","lemma":"campanada","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of dio","gloss":"chimes"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p30-s2","source":"Erdosain comprendió que no podía perder más tiempo, y exclamó:","translation":"Erdosain realized he could not lose any more time, and exclaimed:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p30-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of comprendió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"comprendió","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realized"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of perder","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies perder","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of perder","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"perder","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of comprendió","gloss":"lose"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiempo","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of perder","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"exclamó","lemma":"exclamar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with comprendió","gloss":"exclaimed"}]},{"number":77,"label":"31","id":"el-astrologo-p31-s1","source":"–Perdone que lo interrumpa.","translation":"\"Forgive me for interrupting you.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p31-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Perdone que lo interrumpa","title":"Subjunctive after an emotion verb","body":"«Perdone que lo interrumpa» = 'forgive me for interrupting you'. After verbs of emotion or reaction like «perdonar», a «que»-clause goes into the subjunctive — «interrumpa», not «interrumpo». «Perdone» itself is the formal command."}],"words":[{"surface":"Perdone","lemma":"perdonar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Forgive"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of interrumpa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of interrumpa","gloss":"you","note":"'lo' is the formal-address object pronoun for 'usted' here (accusative form of the él/ella pronoun paradigm reused for usted), not 'him/it'; lemma stays 'él' per the pronoun's dictionary headword."},{"surface":"interrumpa","lemma":"interrumpir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Perdone","gloss":"I interrupt"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p31-s2","source":"He venido para un asunto grave.","translation":"\"I have come about a serious matter.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p31-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"He","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of venido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"venido","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking asunto","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of asunto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"asunto","lemma":"asunto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of venido","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"grave","lemma":"grave","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies asunto","gloss":"serious"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p31-s3","source":"¿Tiene usted seiscientos pesos?","translation":"\"Do you have six hundred pesos?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p31-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Do you have"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of Tiene","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"seiscientos","lemma":"seiscientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"six hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Tiene","gloss":"pesos"}]},{"number":80,"label":"32","id":"el-astrologo-p32-s1","source":"–El Astrólogo dejó su puntero y se cruzó de brazos:","translation":"The Astrologer set down his pointer and crossed his arms:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p32-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se cruzó de brazos","title":"«cruzarse de brazos»","body":"«Cruzarse de brazos» literally 'to cross oneself of arms' = to fold one's arms. Spanish uses «de» where English would say 'with one's arms'; figuratively the same phrase can mean to stand by and do nothing."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dejó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"dejó","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of puntero","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"puntero","lemma":"puntero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dejó","gloss":"pointer"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of cruzó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"cruzó","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with dejó","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazos","gloss":"his","note":"'cruzarse de brazos' is an idiom meaning 'to cross/fold one's arms'."},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cruzó","gloss":"arms"}]},{"number":81,"label":"33","id":"el-astrologo-p33-s1","source":"–¿Qué es lo que le pasa a usted?","translation":"\"What is the matter with you?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p33-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le pasa a usted","title":"«pasarle a alguien»","body":"«¿Qué le pasa a usted?» = 'what's happening to you / what's wrong with you?'. «Pasar» here takes an indirect object: «le… a usted» both point to the person something is happening to. The doubled pronoun is normal Spanish, not redundancy."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"neuter article","role":"part of the relative phrase lo que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of pasa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pasa","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"pasa","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"happening"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasa","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":82,"label":"34","id":"el-astrologo-p34-s1","source":"–Si mañana no repongo seiscientos pesos en la Azucarera, me pondrán preso.","translation":"\"If by tomorrow I don't put back six hundred pesos at the Sugar Company, they'll throw me in jail.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p34-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Si… no repongo… pondrán","title":"Real conditional: present + future","body":"A real, likely condition pairs the present indicative in the «si»-clause («no repongo», 'I don't put back') with the future in the main clause («pondrán», 'they will put'). Spanish never uses the future right after «si»; the present carries it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of repongo","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies repongo","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies repongo","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"repongo","lemma":"reponer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on pondrán","gloss":"put back"},{"surface":"seiscientos","lemma":"seiscientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"six hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of repongo","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Azucarera","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Azucarera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Azucarera","lemma":"Azucarera","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of repongo","gloss":"Sugar Company"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of pondrán","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"pondrán","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will throw"},{"surface":"preso","lemma":"preso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of pondrán","gloss":"in jail"}]},{"number":83,"label":"35","id":"el-astrologo-p35-s1","source":"Los dos hombres miraron curiosamente a Erdosain.","translation":"The two men looked at Erdosain curiously.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p35-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies hombres","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of miraron","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"miraron","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"curiosamente","lemma":"curiosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies miraron","gloss":"curiously"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of miraron","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p35-s2","source":"Debía sufrir mucho para haber lanzado así sus pedido.","translation":"He must have been suffering greatly to have flung out his request like that.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p35-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Debía","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sufrir","gloss":"must have"},{"surface":"sufrir","lemma":"sufrir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"been suffering"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sufrir","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of lanzado","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"haber","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of lanzado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"lanzado","lemma":"lanzar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sufrir","gloss":"flung out"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lanzado","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pedido","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pedido","lemma":"pedido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of lanzado","gloss":"request"}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p35-s3","source":"Erdosain continuó:","translation":"Erdosain went on:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p35-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of continuó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"}]},{"number":86,"label":"36","id":"el-astrologo-p36-s1","source":"–Es preciso que usted me ayude.","translation":"\"It is essential that you help me.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p36-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Es preciso que… ayude","title":"Impersonal expression + subjunctive","body":"«Es preciso que usted me ayude» = 'it is necessary that you help me'. Impersonal expressions of necessity or judgment («es preciso que», «es necesario que») trigger the subjunctive in the «que»-clause: «ayude», not «ayuda»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to preciso","gloss":"It is"},{"surface":"preciso","lemma":"preciso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"essential"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ayude","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of ayude","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of ayude","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ayude","lemma":"ayudar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on preciso","gloss":"help"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p36-s2","source":"He defraudado en unos cuantos meses seiscientos pesos.","translation":"\"Over the course of a few months I have embezzled six hundred pesos.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p36-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"He","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of defraudado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"defraudado","lemma":"defraudar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"embezzled"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking meses","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"unos","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of meses","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cuantos","lemma":"cuanto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of unos","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"meses","lemma":"mes","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of defraudado","gloss":"months"},{"surface":"seiscientos","lemma":"seiscientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"six hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of defraudado","gloss":"pesos"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p36-s3","source":"Me denunciaron en un anónimo.","translation":"\"They denounced me in an anonymous letter.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p36-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of denunciaron","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"denunciaron","lemma":"denunciar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"denounced"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anónimo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of anónimo","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"anónimo","lemma":"anónimo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of denunciaron","gloss":"anonymous letter"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p36-s4","source":"Si no repongo el dinero mañana, me pondrán preso.","translation":"\"If I don't put the money back tomorrow, they'll throw me in jail.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p36-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of repongo","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies repongo","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"repongo","lemma":"reponer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on pondrán","gloss":"put back"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of repongo","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies repongo","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of pondrán","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"pondrán","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will throw"},{"surface":"preso","lemma":"preso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of pondrán","gloss":"in jail"}]},{"number":90,"label":"37","id":"el-astrologo-p37-s1","source":"–¿Y cómo es que usted robo ese dinero?...","translation":"\"And how is it that you stole that money?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p37-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿cómo es que…?","title":"«¿cómo es que…?»","body":"«¿Cómo es que usted robó ese dinero?» = 'how is it that you stole that money?'. «¿Cómo es que…?» asks not just 'how' but 'how did it come about that' — pressing for the circumstances. (The source prints «robo» for «robó».)"}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous line","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cómo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of robo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of robo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"robo","lemma":"robar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by que","gloss":"stole","note":"'robo' here stands for 'robó' (past tense of 'robar'), not the noun 'theft'."},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of robo","gloss":"money"}]},{"number":91,"label":"38","id":"el-astrologo-p38-s1","source":"–Así, despacio...","translation":"\"Like this, slowly...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p38-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies despacio","gloss":"Like this"},{"surface":"despacio","lemma":"despacio","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"slowly"}]},{"number":92,"label":"39","id":"el-astrologo-p39-s1","source":"El Astrólogo se acariciaba la barba preocupado.","translation":"The Astrologer was stroking his beard, troubled.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p39-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of acariciaba","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"dative reflexive (possessive) of acariciaba","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"acariciaba","lemma":"acariciar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was stroking"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of barba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"barba","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of acariciaba","gloss":"beard"},{"surface":"preocupado","lemma":"preocupado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Astrólogo","gloss":"troubled"}]},{"number":93,"label":"40","id":"el-astrologo-p40-s1","source":"–¿Cómo ha ocurrido eso?","translation":"\"How did that happen?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p40-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of ocurrido","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ocurrido","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ocurrido","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ocurrido","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":94,"label":"41","id":"el-astrologo-p41-s1","source":"Erdosain tuvo que explicarse nuevamente.","translation":"Erdosain had to explain himself again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p41-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tuvo que","title":"Preterite of «tener que»","body":"«Tuvo que explicarse» = 'he had to explain himself'. In the preterite, «tener que» + infinitive marks an obligation that was actually carried out at one point — 'he had to (and did)'. The imperfect «tenía que» would leave it open whether he did."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of tuvo","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"tuvo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"part of the construction tener que","role":"links tuvo to explicarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"explicarse","lemma":"explicarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"infinitive complement of tuvo (tener que + infinitive)","gloss":"explain himself"},{"surface":"nuevamente","lemma":"nuevamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies explicarse","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p41-s2","source":"Los comerciantes, al recibir la mercadería, firmaban un vale en el que reconocían deber el importe de lo adquirido.","translation":"The merchants, on receiving the goods, would sign a voucher in which they acknowledged owing the value of what they had bought.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p41-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un vale","title":"«vale»","body":"A «vale» is an IOU or promissory voucher — a signed slip acknowledging a debt. The whole embezzlement turns on these slips: who acknowledges owing what, and which receipts go uncontrolled."}],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of comerciantes","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"comerciantes","lemma":"comerciante","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of firmaban","gloss":"merchants"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking recibir","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"recibir","lemma":"recibir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on firmaban","gloss":"receiving"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mercadería","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mercadería","lemma":"mercadería","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of recibir","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"firmaban","lemma":"firmar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would sign"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vale","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vale","lemma":"vale","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of firmaban","gloss":"voucher"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of reconocían","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"reconocían","lemma":"reconocer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying vale","gloss":"acknowledged"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of importe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"importe","lemma":"importe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of deber","gloss":"value"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking adquirido","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"neuter article","role":"determiner of adquirido","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"adquirido","lemma":"adquirido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies importe","gloss":"bought"}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p41-s3","source":"Erdosain, en compañía de otros dos cobradores, recibía cada fin de mes los vales que tenía que hacer efectivos durante los treinta días restantes.","translation":"Erdosain, along with two other collectors, received at each month's end the vouchers he had to make good over the remaining thirty days.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p41-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hacer efectivos","title":"«hacer efectivo»","body":"«Hacer efectivo» a voucher or check means to cash it, to collect the money on it. «Los vales que tenía que hacer efectivos» = 'the vouchers he had to collect on'; «efectivo» as a noun also means 'cash'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of recibía","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobradores","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"compañía","lemma":"compañía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"company"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cobradores","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies cobradores","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"cobradores","lemma":"cobrador","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Erdosain","gloss":"collectors"},{"surface":"recibía","lemma":"recibir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fin","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of recibía","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mes","lemma":"mes","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fin","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of vales","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vales","lemma":"vale","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of recibía","gloss":"vouchers"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying vales","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"part of the construction tener que","role":"links tenía to hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of tenía (tener que + infinitive)","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"efectivos","lemma":"efectivo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of hacer","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"durante","lemma":"durante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking días","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of días","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"treinta","lemma":"treinta","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies días","gloss":"thirty"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of hacer","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"restantes","lemma":"restante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies días","gloss":"remaining"}]},{"number":97,"label":"42","id":"el-astrologo-p42-s1","source":"Los recibos que éstos decían no haber cobrado quedaban en su poder hasta que los comerciantes se resolvían a cancelar la deuda.","translation":"The receipts these men claimed not to have collected stayed in their hands until the merchants resolved to settle the debt.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p42-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"decían no haber cobrado","title":"Perfect infinitive after a reporting verb","body":"«Decían no haber cobrado» = 'they said [they had] not collected'. When the subject of the report and the embedded verb are the same, Spanish prefers an infinitive — here the perfect infinitive «haber cobrado» ('to have collected') — rather than a full «que»-clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of recibos","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"recibos","lemma":"recibo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of quedaban","gloss":"receipts"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of cobrado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"éstos","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of decían","gloss":"these men"},{"surface":"decían","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying recibos","gloss":"claimed"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cobrado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"haber","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of cobrado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"cobrado","lemma":"cobrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"complement of decían","gloss":"collected"},{"surface":"quedaban","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poder","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of poder","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"poder","lemma":"poder","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of quedaban","gloss":"hands","note":"'en su poder' literally 'in their power' idiomatically means 'in their possession/hands'."},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of resolvían","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of resolvían","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of comerciantes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"comerciantes","lemma":"comerciante","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of resolvían","gloss":"merchants"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of resolvían","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"resolvían","lemma":"resolver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on quedaban","gloss":"resolved"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cancelar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cancelar","lemma":"cancelar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of resolvían","gloss":"settle"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of deuda","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"deuda","lemma":"deuda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cancelar","gloss":"debt"}]},{"number":98,"label":"43","id":"el-astrologo-p43-s1","source":"Y Erdosain continuó:","translation":"And Erdosain went on:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p43-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of continuó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"}]},{"number":99,"label":"44","id":"el-astrologo-p44-s1","source":"–Fíjense que la negligencia del cajero era tal, que nunca controló los vales que nosotros decíamos no haber cobrado, de manera que a una cuenta hecha efectiva y malversada le dábamos entrada en la plantilla de cobranza con el dinero que provenía de una cuenta que cobrábamos después.","translation":"\"Notice that the cashier's negligence was such that he never checked the vouchers we claimed not to have collected, so that an account already cashed and embezzled we would enter on the collection sheet with the money coming from an account we collected later.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p44-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Fíjense","title":"Plural «ustedes» command + reflexive","body":"«Fíjense» is the formal plural («ustedes») imperative of «fijarse» ('to take notice'), with the reflexive «se» attached: 'notice, you all'. Erdosain is now addressing both men at once, so he switches from «usted» to the plural form."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fíjense","lemma":"fijarse","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, plural, reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Notice"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tal","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of negligencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"negligencia","lemma":"negligencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tal","gloss":"negligence"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cajero","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cajero","lemma":"cajero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies negligencia","gloss":"cashier"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to tal","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"clausal complement of Fíjense","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of controló","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies controló","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"controló","lemma":"controlar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Fíjense","gloss":"checked"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of vales","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vales","lemma":"vale","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of controló","gloss":"vouchers"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of cobrado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"subject of decíamos","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"decíamos","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clause modifying vales","gloss":"claimed"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cobrado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"haber","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of cobrado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"cobrado","lemma":"cobrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"complement of decíamos","gloss":"collected"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dábamos","gloss":"so","note":"'de manera que' together mean 'so that'."},{"surface":"manera","lemma":"manera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"a way"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuenta","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cuenta","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dábamos","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"hecha","lemma":"hecho","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cuenta","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"efectiva","lemma":"efectivo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cuenta","gloss":"good","note":"'hecha efectiva' is an idiom meaning 'cashed / made good'."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"malversada","lemma":"malversado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with efectiva","gloss":"embezzled"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dábamos","gloss":"to it"},{"surface":"dábamos","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by de manera que","gloss":"we would give"},{"surface":"entrada","lemma":"entrada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dábamos","gloss":"entry","note":"'dar entrada' is an idiom meaning 'to log/enter'."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plantilla","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of plantilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plantilla","lemma":"plantilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dábamos","gloss":"sheet"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobranza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cobranza","lemma":"cobranza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies plantilla","gloss":"collections"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dinero","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dábamos","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of provenía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"provenía","lemma":"provenir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying dinero","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuenta","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cuenta","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of provenía","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of cobrábamos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cobrábamos","lemma":"cobrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clause modifying cuenta","gloss":"we collected"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cobrábamos","gloss":"later"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p44-s2","source":"¿Se dan cuenta?","translation":"\"Do you see?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p44-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"darse cuenta","title":"«darse cuenta (de)»","body":"«Darse cuenta» means 'to realize, to grasp'. «¿Se dan cuenta?» = 'do you realize?'. With an object it takes «de»: «darse cuenta de algo». Don't confuse it with «dar cuenta de» ('to account for') — the reflexive «se» changes the meaning."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dan","gloss":"yourselves"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realize"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with dan","gloss":"account","note":"'darse cuenta' is an idiom meaning 'to realize.'"}]},{"number":101,"label":"45","id":"el-astrologo-p45-s1","source":"Erdosain era el vértice de aquel triángulo que formaban los tres hombres sentados.","translation":"Erdosain was the apex of that triangle the three seated men formed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p45-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of era","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vértice","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vértice","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vértice","lemma":"vértice","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"apex"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking triángulo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of triángulo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"triángulo","lemma":"triángulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de","gloss":"triangle"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of formaban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"formaban","lemma":"formar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying triángulo","gloss":"formed"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies hombres","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of formaban","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"sentados","lemma":"sentado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies hombres","gloss":"seated"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p45-s2","source":"El Rufián Melancólico y el Astrólogo se miraban de vez en cuando.","translation":"The Melancholy Ruffian and the Astrologer glanced at each other from time to time.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p45-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se miraban","title":"Reciprocal «se»","body":"«Se miraban» here is reciprocal: 'they looked at each other'. With a plural subject the pronoun «se» can mean the people act on one another, not on themselves — context («el uno al otro») tells the two apart."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of miraban","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"Melancólico","lemma":"Melancólico","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Rufián","gloss":"Melancholy"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Rufián","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reciprocal","role":"reciprocal particle of miraban","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"miraban","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"glanced"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies miraban","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"time","note":"Fixed idiom 'de vez en cuando' = 'from time to time'; here 'cuando' means 'time,' not 'when.'"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p45-s3","source":"Haffner sacudía la ceniza de su cigarrillo, y luego, con una ceja más levantada que la otra, continuaba examinando de pies a cabeza a Erdosain.","translation":"Haffner kept tapping the ash from his cigarette, and then, with one eyebrow raised higher than the other, went on examining Erdosain from head to foot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p45-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haffner","lemma":"Haffner","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sacudía","gloss":"Haffner"},{"surface":"sacudía","lemma":"sacudir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept tapping"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ceniza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ceniza","lemma":"ceniza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sacudía","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cigarrillo","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cigarrillo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cigarrillo","lemma":"cigarrillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ceniza","gloss":"cigarette"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies continuaba","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ceja","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ceja","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ceja","lemma":"ceja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of continuaba","gloss":"eyebrow"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies levantada","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"levantada","lemma":"levantado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ceja","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of otra","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of otra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of levantada","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"continuaba","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sacudía","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"examinando","lemma":"examinar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of continuaba","gloss":"examining"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies examinando","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"pies","lemma":"pies","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"feet","note":"Spanish is literally 'from feet to head'; our translation uses the natural English idiom 'from head to foot' (order reversed)."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies examinando","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of examinando","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p45-s4","source":"Al fin terminó por hacerle esta extraña pregunta:","translation":"At last he ended by putting this strange question to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p45-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"terminó por hacerle","title":"«terminar por» + infinitive","body":"«Terminar por» + infinitive means 'to end up (doing)', the action one finally comes to: «terminó por hacerle… pregunta» = 'he ended up asking him… question'. Compare «terminar de» + infinitive, which means 'to finish doing'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terminó","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase Al","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"terminó","lemma":"terminar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ended"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacerle","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"hacerle","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on terminó","gloss":"put to him"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pregunta","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"extraña","lemma":"extraño","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pregunta","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"pregunta","lemma":"pregunta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hacerle","gloss":"question"}]},{"number":105,"label":"46","id":"el-astrologo-p46-s1","source":"–¿Y encontraba alguna satisfacción en robar?...","translation":"\"And did you find any satisfaction in stealing?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p46-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the question","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"encontraba","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did you find"},{"surface":"alguna","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of satisfacción","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"satisfacción","lemma":"satisfacción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of encontraba","gloss":"satisfaction"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of robar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"robar","lemma":"robar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying satisfacción","gloss":"stealing"}]},{"number":106,"label":"47","id":"el-astrologo-p47-s1","source":"–No, ninguna...","translation":"\"No, none...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p47-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"ninguna","lemma":"ninguno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"depends on No","gloss":"none"}]},{"number":107,"label":"48","id":"el-astrologo-p48-s1","source":"–Y entonces, ¿cómo anda con los botines rotos?...","translation":"\"Then how is it you go around with your boots worn through?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p48-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"botines","title":"«botines»","body":"«Botines» are ankle boots or low boots — everyday footwear, not the heavy work boot English 'booties' might suggest. Haffner keeps needling Erdosain about his broken «botines»: if he stole, why is he so shabby?"}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the question","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies anda","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of anda","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"anda","lemma":"andar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you go around"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking botines","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of botines","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"botines","lemma":"botín","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of anda","gloss":"boots"},{"surface":"rotos","lemma":"roto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies botines","gloss":"worn through"}]},{"number":108,"label":"49","id":"el-astrologo-p49-s1","source":"–Es que ganaba muy poco.","translation":"\"The thing is, I earned very little.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p49-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Es que","title":"«es que» — softening an explanation","body":"«Es que…» literally 'it's that…', is how Spanish opens an excuse or explanation: 'the thing is…'. «Es que ganaba muy poco» = 'the thing is, I was earning very little'. It cushions the reason that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"The thing is","note":"'Es que' is a conversational way of explaining or justifying something, literally 'It is that'; rendered here as 'The thing is.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ganaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ganaba","lemma":"ganar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Es","gloss":"I earned"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies poco","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ganaba","gloss":"little"}]},{"number":109,"label":"50","id":"el-astrologo-p50-s1","source":"–Pero ¿y lo que robaba?","translation":"\"But what about what you were stealing?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p50-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the elliptical question lo que robaba","gloss":"what about","note":"'¿Y...?' is a common elliptical way of asking 'What about...?' in conversation."},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que (antecedent) with que, direct object of robaba","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of robaba","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"robaba","lemma":"robar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were stealing"}]},{"number":110,"label":"51","id":"el-astrologo-p51-s1","source":"–Nunca se me ocurrió comprarme botines con esa plata.","translation":"\"It never occurred to me to buy myself boots with that money.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p51-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se me ocurrió","title":"«ocurrírsele a alguien»","body":"«Se me ocurrió» = 'it occurred to me'. The idea is the grammatical subject, and the dative «me» marks the person it strikes — an involuntary-event construction, like «se me olvidó» ('I forgot'). «Plata» here is the porteño word for 'money'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ocurrió","gloss":"Never"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ocurrió (impersonal construction)","gloss":"(impersonal)"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of ocurrió","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ocurrió","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"occurred"},{"surface":"comprarme","lemma":"comprar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on ocurrió","gloss":"buy myself"},{"surface":"botines","lemma":"botín","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of comprarme","gloss":"boots"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plata","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of plata","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"plata","lemma":"plata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of comprarme","gloss":"money"}]},{"number":111,"label":"52","id":"el-astrologo-p52-s1","source":"Y era cierto.","translation":"And it was true.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p52-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cierto","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"true"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p52-s2","source":"El placer que experimentó en un principio de disponer impunemente de lo que no le pertenecía se evaporó pronto.","translation":"The pleasure he had felt at first of disposing with impunity of what did not belong to him soon evaporated.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p52-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"experimentó / se evaporó","title":"Preterite for completed events","body":"Both «experimentó» ('he felt') and «se evaporó» ('it evaporated') are preterite: bounded, finished events. The preterite drives the narrative forward — first he felt the pleasure, then it vanished — whereas the imperfect would only have described an ongoing state."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of placer","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"placer","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of evaporó","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of experimentó","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"experimentó","lemma":"experimentar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying placer","gloss":"had felt"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking principio","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of principio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"principio","lemma":"principio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of experimentó","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of disponer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"disponer","lemma":"disponer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying principio","gloss":"disposing"},{"surface":"impunemente","lemma":"impunemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies disponer","gloss":"with impunity"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pertenecía","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que (antecedent) with que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of pertenecía","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pertenecía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pertenecía","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"pertenecía","lemma":"pertenecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of disponer","gloss":"belonged"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of evaporó","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"evaporó","lemma":"evaporar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"evaporated"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies evaporó","gloss":"soon"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p52-s3","source":"Erdosain descubrió un día en él la inquietud que hace ver los cielos soleados como ennegrecidos de un hollín que sólo es visible para el alma que está triste.","translation":"One day Erdosain discovered in himself the unease that makes sunlit skies look blackened with a soot visible only to the soul that is sad.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p52-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of descubrió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"descubrió","lemma":"descubrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"discovered"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of descubrió","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of descubrió","gloss":"himself","note":"Arlt writes plain 'él' here (not the reflexive 'sí'), but the sense is reflexive: 'in himself.'"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of inquietud","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"inquietud","lemma":"inquietud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of descubrió","gloss":"unease"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hace","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying inquietud","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hace","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cielos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielos","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of ver","gloss":"skies"},{"surface":"soleados","lemma":"soleado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cielos","gloss":"sunlit"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ennegrecidos","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ennegrecidos","lemma":"ennegrecido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of ver, describing cielos","gloss":"blackened"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hollín","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hollín","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hollín","lemma":"hollín","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ennegrecidos","gloss":"soot"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of visible","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visible","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to visible","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"visible","lemma":"visible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"clause modifying hollín","gloss":"visible"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alma","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of visible","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of triste","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to triste","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"clause modifying alma","gloss":"sad"}]},{"number":114,"label":"53","id":"el-astrologo-p53-s1","source":"Cuando comprobó que debía cuatrocientos pesos, el sobresalto lo volcó hacia la locura.","translation":"When he confirmed that he owed four hundred pesos, the shock tipped him toward madness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p53-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of comprobó","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"comprobó","lemma":"comprobar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on volcó","gloss":"confirmed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of debía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"debía","lemma":"deber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of comprobó","gloss":"owed"},{"surface":"cuatrocientos","lemma":"cuatrocientos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"four hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"pesos","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of debía","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sobresalto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sobresalto","lemma":"sobresalto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of volcó","gloss":"shock"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of volcó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"volcó","lemma":"volcar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tipped"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking locura","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of locura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"locura","lemma":"locura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volcó","gloss":"madness"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p53-s2","source":"Entonces gastó el dinero en una forma estúpida, frenética.","translation":"Then he spent the money in a stupid, frantic way.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p53-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gastó","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"gastó","lemma":"gastar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spent"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of gastó","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forma","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of gastó","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"estúpida","lemma":"estúpido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies forma","gloss":"stupid"},{"surface":"frenética","lemma":"frenético","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies forma","gloss":"frantic"}]},{"number":116,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p53-s3","source":"Compró golosinas, que nunca le apetecieron, almorzó cangrejos, sopas de tortuga y fritadas de ranas, en restaurantes donde el derecho de sentarse junto a personas bien vestidas es costosísimo, bebió licores caros y vinos insulsos para su paladar sin sensibilidad, y sin embargo carecía de las cosas más necesarias para el mediocre vivir, como ropa interior, zapatos, corbatas...","translation":"He bought sweets, which he never even fancied, lunched on crabs, turtle soups and fried frogs in restaurants where the right to sit beside well-dressed people is ruinously expensive, drank costly liqueurs and wines that were insipid to his insensitive palate, and yet he lacked the most necessary things for a modest life, like underwear, shoes, neckties...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p53-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le apetecieron","title":"«apetecer» like «gustar»","body":"«Apetecer» ('to appeal to, to feel like') works like «gustar»: the thing desired is the subject and the person takes the dative «le». «Golosinas que nunca le apetecieron» = 'sweets that never appealed to him'. Note «carecía de» ('he lacked') always pairs with «de»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Compró","lemma":"comprar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bought"},{"surface":"golosinas","lemma":"golosina","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Compró","gloss":"sweets"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of apetecieron","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies apetecieron","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of apetecieron","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"apetecieron","lemma":"apetecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause modifying golosinas, coordinated with Compró","gloss":"appealed"},{"surface":"almorzó","lemma":"almorzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Compró","gloss":"lunched on"},{"surface":"cangrejos","lemma":"cangrejo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of almorzó","gloss":"crabs"},{"surface":"sopas","lemma":"sopa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with cangrejos, direct object of almorzó","gloss":"soups"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tortuga","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tortuga","lemma":"tortuga","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sopas","gloss":"turtle"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fritadas","lemma":"fritada","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with sopas, direct object of almorzó","gloss":"fried"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ranas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ranas","lemma":"rana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies fritadas","gloss":"frogs"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking restaurantes","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"restaurantes","lemma":"restaurante","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of almorzó","gloss":"restaurants"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause modifying restaurantes","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of derecho","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"derecho","lemma":"derecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of costosísimo","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sentarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sentarse","lemma":"sentar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying derecho","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"junto","lemma":"junto","morphology":"adjective","role":"preposition marking personas","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase junto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"personas","lemma":"persona","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sentarse","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vestidas","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"vestidas","lemma":"vestido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies personas","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to costosísimo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"costosísimo","lemma":"costosísimo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying restaurantes","gloss":"ruinously expensive"},{"surface":"bebió","lemma":"beber","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Compró","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"licores","lemma":"licor","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of bebió","gloss":"liqueurs"},{"surface":"caros","lemma":"caro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies licores","gloss":"costly"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vinos","lemma":"vino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with licores","gloss":"wines"},{"surface":"insulsos","lemma":"insulso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies vinos","gloss":"insipid"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paladar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of paladar","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"paladar","lemma":"paladar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of insulsos","gloss":"palate"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sensibilidad","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"sensibilidad","lemma":"sensibilidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies paladar","gloss":"sensitivity"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom sin embargo, modifies carecía","gloss":"yet","note":"'sin embargo' is a fixed idiom meaning 'however/nevertheless'; rendered here as 'yet.'"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom sin embargo","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"carecía","lemma":"carecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Compró","gloss":"lacked"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cosas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of carecía","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies necesarias","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"necesarias","lemma":"necesario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cosas","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mediocre","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mediocre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mediocre","lemma":"mediocre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies vivir","gloss":"modest","note":"Spanish 'mediocre' typically means 'average/ordinary,' without the negative charge of English 'mediocre'; rendered here as 'modest.'"},{"surface":"vivir","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"oblique complement of necesarias","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ropa","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ropa","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"example introduced by como, referring to cosas","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"interior","lemma":"interior","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies ropa","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"zapatos","lemma":"zapato","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with ropa","gloss":"shoes"},{"surface":"corbatas","lemma":"corbata","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with ropa","gloss":"neckties"}]},{"number":117,"label":"54","id":"el-astrologo-p54-s1","source":"Daba abundantes limosnas y solía dejar a los mozos que le servían cuantiosas propinas, todo ello para acabar con los rastros de ese dinero robado que llevaba en su bolsillo y que al otro día podía sustraer impunemente.","translation":"He gave lavish alms and would leave the waiters who served him enormous tips, all of it to be rid of the traces of that stolen money he carried in his pocket and which the next day he could pilfer again with impunity.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p54-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"solía dejar","title":"«soler» + infinitive","body":"«Soler» + infinitive expresses a customary action: «solía dejar» = 'he used to leave, he would habitually leave'. «Soler» appears mostly in the present and imperfect; in the imperfect it names a repeated past habit."}],"words":[{"surface":"Daba","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"abundantes","lemma":"abundante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies limosnas","gloss":"lavish"},{"surface":"limosnas","lemma":"limosna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Daba","gloss":"alms"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"solía","lemma":"soler","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Daba","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"dejar","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of solía","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mozos (indirect object of dejar)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of mozos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mozos","lemma":"mozo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"indirect object of dejar","gloss":"waiters"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of servían","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of servían","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"servían","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying mozos","gloss":"served"},{"surface":"cuantiosas","lemma":"cuantioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies propinas","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"propinas","lemma":"propina","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of dejar","gloss":"tips"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ello","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ello","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"refers to the preceding actions (Daba...propinas)","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of acabar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"acabar","lemma":"acabar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Daba","gloss":"be rid"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rastros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of rastros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rastros","lemma":"rastro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of acabar","gloss":"traces"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dinero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rastros","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"robado","lemma":"robado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dinero","gloss":"stolen"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of llevaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"llevaba","lemma":"llevar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying dinero","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bolsillo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of bolsillo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"bolsillo","lemma":"bolsillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llevaba","gloss":"pocket"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of sustraer","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking día","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sustraer","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sustraer","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"sustraer","lemma":"sustraer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with llevaba, clause modifying dinero","gloss":"pilfer"},{"surface":"impunemente","lemma":"impunemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sustraer","gloss":"with impunity"}]},{"number":118,"label":"55","id":"el-astrologo-p55-s1","source":"–¿De modo que no se le ocurrió comprar botines? –insistió Haffner.","translation":"\"So it never occurred to you to buy boots?\" Haffner insisted.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p55-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"De modo que","title":"«de modo que» drawing a conclusion","body":"«¿De modo que…?» = 'so then…?', drawing an inference from what was just said. Used as a question it presses the other person to confirm the conclusion — here Haffner circling back, incredulous, to the unbought boots."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de modo que, introduces the clause of ocurrió","gloss":"So","note":"'¿De modo que...?' is a fixed idiom meaning 'So...?' (literally 'in such a way that')."},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase De","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase De","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ocurrió","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ocurrió (impersonal construction)","gloss":"(impersonal)"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of ocurrió","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ocurrió","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of insistió","gloss":"occurred"},{"surface":"comprar","lemma":"comprar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on ocurrió","gloss":"buy"},{"surface":"botines","lemma":"botín","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of comprar","gloss":"boots"},{"surface":"insistió","lemma":"insistir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"insisted"},{"surface":"Haffner","lemma":"Haffner","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of insistió","gloss":"Haffner"}]},{"number":119,"label":"56","id":"el-astrologo-p56-s1","source":"–Realmente, ahora que usted me lo hace observar, me parece curioso a mí también, pero la verdad es que nunca pensé que con plata robada se pudieran comprar esas cosas.","translation":"\"Truly, now that you make me notice it, it strikes me as odd too, but the truth is I never thought that with stolen money one could buy such things.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p56-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nunca pensé que… se pudieran","title":"Past subjunctive after a negated thought","body":"«Nunca pensé que… se pudieran comprar» = 'I never thought one could buy'. A negated mental verb in the past («nunca pensé que») throws the «que»-clause into the imperfect subjunctive — «pudieran», not «podían» — because the buying is presented as doubtful, never realized."}],"words":[{"surface":"Realmente","lemma":"realmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies parece","gloss":"Truly"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"forms ahora que with que, modifies parece","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of ahora que; introduces the clause of hace","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of hace","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hace (causee)","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of observar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"causative verb of the ahora que clause","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"observar","lemma":"observar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on hace","gloss":"notice"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parece","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"strikes"},{"surface":"curioso","lemma":"curioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parece","gloss":"odd"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parece (dative doubling of me)","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies parece","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of verdad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verdad","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with parece","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pensé","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pensé","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"pensé","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pudieran","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plata","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"plata","lemma":"plata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of comprar","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"robada","lemma":"robado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies plata","gloss":"stolen"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal/passive","role":"impersonal/passive marker of comprar","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"pudieran","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of comprar","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"comprar","lemma":"comprar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb, complement of pudieran","gloss":"buy"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of comprar","gloss":"things"}]},{"number":120,"label":"57","id":"el-astrologo-p57-s1","source":"–Y entonces, ¿en qué gastaba el dinero?","translation":"\"Then what were you spending the money on?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p57-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies gastaba","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gastaba","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of gastaba","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"gastaba","lemma":"gastar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were you spending"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of gastaba","gloss":"money"}]},{"number":121,"label":"58","id":"el-astrologo-p58-s1","source":"–Doscientos pesos le di a una familia amiga, los Espila, para comprar un acumulador e instalar un pequeño laboratorio de galvanoplastia, para fabricar la rosa de cobre, que es...","translation":"\"Two hundred pesos I gave to a family I'm friends with, the Espilas, to buy a battery and set up a little electroplating laboratory, to make the copper rose, which is...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p58-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"acumulador e instalar","title":"«e» instead of «y»","body":"«Un acumulador e instalar» uses «e» rather than «y» for 'and'. Spanish swaps «y» for «e» before a word beginning with the «i» sound («instalar»), to avoid two i-sounds colliding. Likewise «o» becomes «u» before an «o» sound."}],"words":[{"surface":"Doscientos","lemma":"doscientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"Two hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of di","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of di","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"di","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I gave"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking familia","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of familia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"familia","lemma":"familia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of di","gloss":"family"},{"surface":"amiga","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies familia","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of Espila","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Espila","lemma":"Espila","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to familia","gloss":"Espilas"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of comprar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"comprar","lemma":"comprar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on di","gloss":"buy"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of acumulador","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"acumulador","lemma":"acumulador","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of comprar","gloss":"battery"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"instalar","lemma":"instalar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with comprar","gloss":"set up"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of laboratorio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pequeño","lemma":"pequeño","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies laboratorio","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"laboratorio","lemma":"laboratorio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of instalar","gloss":"laboratory"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking galvanoplastia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"galvanoplastia","lemma":"galvanoplastia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies laboratorio","gloss":"electroplating"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fabricar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fabricar","lemma":"fabricar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on instalar","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of rosa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rosa","lemma":"rosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of fabricar","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cobre","lemma":"cobre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rosa","gloss":"copper"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of es","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying rosa (sentence trails off)","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":122,"label":"59","id":"el-astrologo-p59-s1","source":"–La conozco ya...","translation":"\"I know it already...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p59-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of conozco","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"conozco","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conozco","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":123,"label":"60","id":"el-astrologo-p60-s1","source":"–Sí, ya le hablé de eso –repuso el Astrólogo.","translation":"\"Yes, I already told you about that,\" the Astrologer rejoined.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p60-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"interjection, affirms the reply","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablé","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hablé","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hablé","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of hablé","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"repuso","lemma":"reponer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parallel clause to hablé","gloss":"rejoined"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of repuso","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":124,"label":"61","id":"el-astrologo-p61-s1","source":"–¿Y los otros cuatrocientos?","translation":"\"And the other four hundred?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p61-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of otros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cuatrocientos","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"cuatrocientos","lemma":"cuatrocientos","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"four hundred"}]},{"number":125,"label":"62","id":"el-astrologo-p62-s1","source":"–No sé... Los he gastado de una manera absurda...","translation":"\"I don't know... I've spent them in an absurd way...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p62-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"Los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of gastado","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of gastado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"gastado","lemma":"gastar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (second clause)","gloss":"spent"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manera","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of manera","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"manera","lemma":"manera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of gastado","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"absurda","lemma":"absurdo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies manera","gloss":"absurd"}]},{"number":126,"label":"63","id":"el-astrologo-p63-s1","source":"–Y ahora, ¿qué piensa hacer?...","translation":"\"And now, what do you mean to do?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p63-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies piensa","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies piensa","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"piensa","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you plan"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of piensa","gloss":"to do"}]},{"number":127,"label":"64","id":"el-astrologo-p64-s1","source":"–No sé.","translation":"\"I don't know.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p64-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":128,"label":"65","id":"el-astrologo-p65-s1","source":"–¿No conoce a nadie que le pueda facilitar?...","translation":"\"You don't know anyone who could lend it to you?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p65-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nadie que… pueda","title":"Subjunctive after a negated antecedent","body":"«¿No conoce a nadie que le pueda facilitar?» uses the subjunctive «pueda» because the antecedent «nadie» is negative and unreal — there may be no such person. A relative clause hanging off «nadie», «nada», or «alguien» you're searching for takes the subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conoce","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"conoce","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nadie","gloss":"object marker","note":"Personal \"a\" before a direct object referring to a person; it has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of conoce","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of facilitar","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of facilitar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"pueda","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of facilitar","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"facilitar","lemma":"facilitar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"relative clause verb, modifies nadie","gloss":"lend"}]},{"number":129,"label":"66","id":"el-astrologo-p66-s1","source":"–No, nadie.","translation":"\"No, no one.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p66-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nadie","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no one"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p66-s2","source":"Le pedí a un pariente de mi mujer, Barsut, hace diez días.","translation":"\"I asked a relative of my wife's, Barsut, ten days ago.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p66-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hace diez días","title":"«hace» + time = 'ago'","body":"«Hace diez días» = 'ten days ago'. «Hacer» in the third person plus a stretch of time means 'ago' when the main verb is in the past («pedí», 'I asked'). The same «hace + time» with a present verb instead means 'for (so long)'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pedí","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"pedí","lemma":"pedir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pariente","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pariente","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pariente","lemma":"pariente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of pedí","gloss":"relative"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mujer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pariente","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to pariente","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on pedí","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"diez","lemma":"diez","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies días","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hace","gloss":"days"}]},{"number":131,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p66-s3","source":"Me dijo que no podía...","translation":"\"He told me he couldn't...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p66-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of podía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies podía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of dijo","gloss":"could"}]},{"number":132,"label":"67","id":"el-astrologo-p67-s1","source":"–¿Lo meterán preso, entonces?","translation":"\"They'll jail you, then?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p67-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of meterán","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"meterán","lemma":"meter","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will put"},{"surface":"preso","lemma":"preso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"object complement (describes Lo)","gloss":"in jail"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies meterán","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":133,"label":"68","id":"el-astrologo-p68-s1","source":"–Es claro...","translation":"\"Of course...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p68-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to claro","gloss":"It's"},{"surface":"claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"clear","note":"\"Es claro\" is a common idiom meaning \"of course.\""}]},{"number":134,"label":"69","id":"el-astrologo-p69-s1","source":"El Astrólogo se volvió al macró y dijo:","translation":"The Astrologer turned to the pimp and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p69-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of volvió","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of volvió","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking macró","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"macró","lemma":"macró","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volvió","gloss":"pimp"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with volvió","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":135,"label":"70","id":"el-astrologo-p70-s1","source":"–Usted ya sabe que cuento con mil pesos.","translation":"\"You already know I count on a thousand pesos.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p70-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"cuento con","title":"«contar con»","body":"«Contar con» means 'to count on, to have at one's disposal'. «Cuento con mil pesos» = 'I have a thousand pesos to rely on'. The «con» is fixed; without it, «contar» just means 'to count' or 'to tell'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sabe","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cuento","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cuento","lemma":"contar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sabe","gloss":"I count"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pesos","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"a thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cuento","gloss":"pesos"}]},{"number":136,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p70-s2","source":"Esa es la base de todos mis proyectos.","translation":"\"That is the foundation of all my projects.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p70-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to base","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of base","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"base","lemma":"base","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"foundation"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking proyectos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"modifies proyectos","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"mis","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of proyectos","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"proyectos","lemma":"proyecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies base","gloss":"projects"}]},{"number":137,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p70-s3","source":"Yo a usted, Erdosain, lo único que puedo darle son trescientos pesos.","translation":"\"To you, Erdosain, the only thing I can give is three hundred pesos.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p70-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of puedo (fronted for emphasis)","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"indirect object of darle (dative doubling of le)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to usted","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"article, neuter, singular","role":"determiner forming lo único, subject of son","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"único","lemma":"único","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head noun of lo único (subject of son)","gloss":"only thing"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of darle","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"puedo","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of darle","gloss":"I can"},{"surface":"darle","lemma":"dar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the relative clause (modifies único)","gloss":"give you"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to pesos","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"trescientos","lemma":"trescientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"three hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of son","gloss":"pesos"}]},{"number":138,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p70-s4","source":"También, mi amigo, ¡qué cosas hace!...","translation":"\"And besides, my friend, the things you get up to!...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p70-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"También","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hace","gloss":"And besides"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of amigo","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, addressing the listener","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of hace","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"get up to"}]},{"number":139,"label":"71","id":"el-astrologo-p71-s1","source":"De pronto Erdosain se olvidó de Haffner y exclamó:","translation":"Suddenly Erdosain forgot about Haffner and exclaimed:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p71-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se olvidó de","title":"«olvidarse de»","body":"«Olvidarse de» means 'to forget about'. The pronominal «olvidarse» needs «de» before its object: «se olvidó de Haffner» = 'he forgot about Haffner'. Plain «olvidar» can take a direct object instead («olvidó a Haffner»), but the «se… de» form is more common in speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de pronto, modifies olvidó","gloss":"Suddenly","note":"\"De pronto\" is a fixed idiom meaning \"suddenly.\""},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom de pronto, modifies olvidó","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of olvidó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of olvidó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"olvidó","lemma":"olvidar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Haffner","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Haffner","lemma":"Haffner","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of olvidó","gloss":"Haffner"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"exclamó","lemma":"exclamar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with olvidó","gloss":"exclaimed"}]},{"number":140,"label":"72","id":"el-astrologo-p72-s1","source":"–Es que es la angustia, ¿sabe?...","translation":"\"It's the anguish, you understand?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p72-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"It's"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of angustia","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to angustia","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of angustia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Es","gloss":"anguish"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"tag question following Es (¿sabe? = 'you know?')","gloss":"you understand"}]},{"number":141,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p72-s2","source":"Esa «jodida» angustia la que lo arrastra...","translation":"\"That \"damned\" anguish is what drags a man along...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p72-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"jodida","title":"«jodido/a»","body":"«Jodido/a» is a coarse, very common River Plate intensifier — 'damned, lousy, bloody'. From the verb «joder» (vulgar, 'to mess up / to screw'). The «guillemets» in the source mark it as low, spoken register breaking into the narration."}],"words":[{"surface":"Esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of angustia","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"jodida","lemma":"jodido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies angustia","gloss":"damned"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of the sentence (elliptical predicate)","gloss":"anguish"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"refers to angustia, head of la que clause","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of arrastra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of arrastra","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"arrastra","lemma":"arrastrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"predicate verb of la que clause, describes angustia","gloss":"drags"}]},{"number":142,"label":"73","id":"el-astrologo-p73-s1","source":"–¿Cómo es eso? –interrumpió el Rufián.","translation":"\"How do you mean?\" the Ruffian interrupted.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p73-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to eso","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"interrumpió","lemma":"interrumpir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parallel clause to es","gloss":"interrupted"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of interrumpió","gloss":"Ruffian"}]},{"number":143,"label":"74","id":"el-astrologo-p74-s1","source":"–Dije que es la angustia.","translation":"\"I said it's the anguish.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p74-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dije","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I said"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of angustia","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to angustia","gloss":"it's"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of angustia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Dije","gloss":"anguish"}]},{"number":144,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p74-s2","source":"Uno roba, hace macanas porque está angustiado.","translation":"\"A man steals, does foolish things because he's in anguish.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p74-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"macanas","title":"«macana» (lunfardo)","body":"A «macana» in River Plate slang is a blunder, a foolish or harmful thing; «hacer macanas» = 'to make a mess of things, to do stupid things'. «Uno» here is the impersonal 'one / a man', generalizing Erdosain's own case."}],"words":[{"surface":"Uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of roba","gloss":"A man"},{"surface":"roba","lemma":"robar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"steals"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with roba","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"macanas","lemma":"macana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of hace","gloss":"foolish things"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of angustiado","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to angustiado","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"angustiado","lemma":"angustiado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hace","gloss":"in anguish"}]},{"number":145,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p74-s3","source":"Usted camina por las calles con el sol amarillo, que parece un sol de peste...","translation":"\"You walk through the streets under the yellow sun, which looks like a sun of plague...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p74-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of camina","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"camina","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walk"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking calles","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of calles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"calles","lemma":"calle","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of camina","gloss":"streets"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sol","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of camina","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"amarillo","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sol","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of parece","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying sol","gloss":"looks like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parece","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking peste","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"peste","lemma":"peste","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sol","gloss":"plague"}]},{"number":146,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p74-s4","source":"Claro.","translation":"\"Of course.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p74-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Of course"}]},{"number":147,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p74-s5","source":"Usted tiene que haber pasado por esas situaciones.","translation":"\"You must have been through such situations.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p74-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tiene que haber pasado","title":"«tener que» + perfect infinitive","body":"«Tiene que haber pasado» = 'you must have gone through'. «Tener que» followed by the perfect infinitive «haber pasado» expresses near-certainty about the past — a strong inference, 'surely you have'. (Compare «deber de» for a softer guess.)"}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of pasado","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the periphrasis tiene que (must)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"haber","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of pasado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"pasado","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb, complement of tiene que","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking situaciones","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of situaciones","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"situaciones","lemma":"situación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pasado","gloss":"situations"}]},{"number":148,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p74-s6","source":"Llevar cinco mil pesos en la cartera y estar triste.","translation":"\"To carry five thousand pesos in your wallet and be sad.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p74-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Llevar","lemma":"llevar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"To carry"},{"surface":"cinco","lemma":"cinco","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with cinco","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Llevar","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cartera","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cartera","gloss":"the","note":"Spanish uses the definite article where English uses a possessive for personal items; \"la cartera\" literally means \"the wallet.\""},{"surface":"cartera","lemma":"cartera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Llevar","gloss":"wallet"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to triste","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with Llevar","gloss":"sad"}]},{"number":149,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p74-s7","source":"Y de pronto una idea chiquita le sugiere el robo.","translation":"\"And suddenly a tiny idea suggests the theft to you.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p74-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"chiquita","title":"Diminutive «-ita»","body":"«Chiquita» is «chica» ('small') with the diminutive «-ita», doubling down on smallness — 'tiny, teeny'. River Plate Spanish loves the diminutive for nuance and warmth, not just literal size; here it makes the tempting idea sound innocent."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies sugiere","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de pronto, modifies sugiere","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom de pronto, modifies sugiere","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of idea","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sugiere","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"chiquita","lemma":"chiquito","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies idea","gloss":"tiny"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of sugiere","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sugiere","lemma":"sugerir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"suggests"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of robo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"robo","lemma":"robo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sugiere","gloss":"theft"}]},{"number":150,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p74-s8","source":"Esa noche no puede dormir de alegría.","translation":"\"That night you can't sleep for joy.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p74-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dormir","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dormir","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dormir","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"dormir","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alegría","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"alegría","lemma":"alegría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dormir","gloss":"joy"}]},{"number":151,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p74-s9","source":"Al otro día hace temblando la prueba y sale tan bien que no queda otro remedio que seguir... lo mismo que cuando usted se intentó matar.","translation":"\"The next day, trembling, you make the attempt, and it comes off so well that there's no choice but to go on... just as when you tried to kill yourself.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p74-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no queda otro remedio que","title":"«no queda otro remedio que»","body":"«No queda otro remedio que seguir» = 'there's no choice / no recourse but to go on'. The set phrase «no quedar otro remedio que» + infinitive expresses being left with only one option. «Se intentó matar» is reflexive: 'you tried to kill yourself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking día","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hace","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you make"},{"surface":"temblando","lemma":"temblar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adjunct describing manner of hace","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of prueba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"prueba","lemma":"prueba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hace","gloss":"attempt"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sale","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with hace","gloss":"comes off"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bien","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sale","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of queda","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies queda","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"queda","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sale","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of remedio","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"remedio","lemma":"remedio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of queda","gloss":"choice"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the infinitive clause of seguir (idiom: no remedio que + inf = 'nothing to do but')","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"seguir","lemma":"seguir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying remedio","gloss":"go on"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"article, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of mismo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of lo mismo que, compares seguir to the cuando clause","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mismo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of intentó","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of intentó","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of intentó","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"intentó","lemma":"intentar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the cuando clause, comparison modifying seguir","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"matar","lemma":"matar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on intentó","gloss":"to kill"}]},{"number":152,"label":"75","id":"el-astrologo-p75-s1","source":"Al pronunciar estas palabras, Haffner se incorporó sobre el sillón y se tomó con las manos las rodillas.","translation":"As he spoke these words, Haffner sat up in the armchair and took hold of his knees with his hands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p75-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se tomó… las rodillas","title":"Reflexive with a body part","body":"«Se tomó… las rodillas» = 'he took hold of his (own) knees'. The reflexive «se» shows the knees belong to the subject, so Spanish uses the article «las» where English says 'his'. Note: it is Erdosain speaking, but «se incorporó» refers to Haffner reacting."}],"words":[{"surface":"Al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pronunciar","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"pronunciar","lemma":"pronunciar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on incorporó","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"estas","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of pronunciar","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"Haffner","lemma":"Haffner","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of incorporó","gloss":"Haffner"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of incorporó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"incorporó","lemma":"incorporar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat up"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sillón","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sillón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sillón","lemma":"sillón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of incorporó","gloss":"armchair"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"dative reflexive (possessive) of tomó","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"tomó","lemma":"tomar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with incorporó","gloss":"took hold"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tomó","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of rodillas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rodillas","lemma":"rodilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tomó","gloss":"knees"}]},{"number":153,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p75-s2","source":"El Astrólogo hubiera querido imponer silencio a Erdosain.","translation":"The Astrologer would have liked to impose silence on Erdosain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p75-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of querido","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of querido","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"querido","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"liked"},{"surface":"imponer","lemma":"imponer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of querido","gloss":"impose"},{"surface":"silencio","lemma":"silencio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of imponer","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of imponer","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":154,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p75-s3","source":"Era imposible, y éste continuó:","translation":"It was impossible, and the latter went on:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p75-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"éste","title":"«éste» = 'the latter'","body":"The demonstrative «éste» ('this one') points to the most recently mentioned person — here Erdosain — so it renders as 'the latter'. Spanish uses «éste/aquél» to mean 'the latter / the former'; the accent (older usage) marks it as a pronoun, not the adjective «este»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to imposible","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"imposible","lemma":"imposible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of continuó","gloss":"the latter"},{"surface":"continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Era","gloss":"went on"}]},{"number":155,"label":"76","id":"el-astrologo-p76-s1","source":"–Sí, como cuando usted se intentó matar.","translation":"\"Yes, like when you tried to kill yourself.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p76-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of intentó","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of intentó","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of intentó","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of matar","gloss":"yourself","note":"Clitic climbing: «se» is the reflexive object of matar ('kill yourself'), attached here to intentó."},{"surface":"intentó","lemma":"intentar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by como cuando","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"matar","lemma":"matar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on intentó","gloss":"kill"}]},{"number":156,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p76-s2","source":"Yo me lo he imaginado muchas veces.","translation":"\"I have imagined it many times.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p76-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of imaginado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive dative particle of imaginado (imaginarse)","gloss":"to myself","note":"«Imaginarse» is pronominal, 'to picture to oneself'; «me» has no separate translation."},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of imaginado","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of imaginado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"imaginado","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imagined"},{"surface":"muchas","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of imaginado","gloss":"times"}]},{"number":157,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p76-s3","source":"Se había aburrido de ser cafishio.","translation":"\"You had grown sick of being a pimp.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p76-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cafishio","title":"«cafishio» (lunfardo)","body":"«Cafishio» (also «cafisho», «canfinflero») is another «lunfardo» word for a pimp — Erdosain pointedly piles up the underworld synonyms («macró», «rufián», «cafishio») for Haffner's trade. «Aburrirse de» = 'to grow tired/sick of'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of aburrido","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of aburrido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"aburrido","lemma":"aburrir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grown sick"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ser","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to cafishio","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"cafishio","lemma":"cafishio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominal of ser","gloss":"pimp","note":"«Cafishio» is Lunfardo (Buenos Aires slang) for a pimp."}]},{"number":158,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p76-s4","source":"¡ Ah, si supiera el interés que tenía en conocerlo!","translation":"\"Ah, if you only knew the interest I had in meeting you!\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p76-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si supiera","title":"«si» + imperfect subjunctive (wish)","body":"«¡Si supiera…!» = 'if you only knew…!'. An exclamation opening with «si» + the imperfect subjunctive («supiera», from «saber») voices a wish or a contrary-to-fact regret. The unspoken main clause is left hanging for effect."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"Ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of supiera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"supiera","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"conditional clause on Ah","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of interés","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"interés","lemma":"interés","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of supiera","gloss":"interest"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying interés","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of conocerlo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"conocerlo","lemma":"conocer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tenía","gloss":"meeting you","note":"«Lo» (him) refers to the usted being addressed, rendered as 'you' in translation."}]},{"number":159,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p76-s5","source":"Me decía: Este debe ser un macró extraño.","translation":"\"I would say to myself: This must be a strange sort of pimp.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p76-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive dative particle of decía (decirse)","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would say"},{"surface":"Este","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of macró","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of macró","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to macró","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of macró","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"macró","lemma":"macró","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of decía","gloss":"pimp"},{"surface":"extraño","lemma":"extraño","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies macró","gloss":"strange"}]},{"number":160,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p76-s6","source":"Claro está que de cien mil individuos que como usted viven de las mujeres se encuentra uno de su forma de ser.","translation":"\"Of course, of a hundred thousand individuals who, like you, live off women, you find one of your cast of mind.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p76-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of está","gloss":"Of course"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of encuentra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking individuos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cien","lemma":"cien","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies individuos","gloss":"hundred"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"compound with cien","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"individuos","lemma":"individuo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies uno","gloss":"individuals"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of viven","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of viven","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"object of the comparison como","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"viven","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying individuos","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mujeres","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mujeres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mujeres","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of viven","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, impersonal","role":"impersonal particle of encuentra","gloss":"(impersonal)"},{"surface":"encuentra","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of está","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of encuentra","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forma","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies uno","gloss":"kind","note":"«Forma de ser» is an idiom for temperament/personality, rendered here as 'cast of mind.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ser","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"complement of forma","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":161,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p76-s7","source":"Usted me preguntó si yo sentía placer en robar.","translation":"\"You asked me whether I felt pleasure in stealing.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p76-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of preguntó","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of preguntó","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"preguntó","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sentía","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of sentía","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sentía","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of preguntó","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"placer","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sentía","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of robar","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"robar","lemma":"robar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying placer","gloss":"stealing"}]},{"number":162,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p76-s8","source":"Y usted, ¿siente placer en ser cafishio?","translation":"\"And you, do you feel pleasure in being a pimp?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p76-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the question","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of siente","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"siente","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"placer","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of siente","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cafishio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to cafishio","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"cafishio","lemma":"cafishio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominal of ser","gloss":"pimp"}]},{"number":163,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p76-s9","source":"Dígame: ¿siente placer?...","translation":"\"Tell me: do you feel pleasure?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p76-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dígame","title":"«decir» command + pronoun","body":"«Dígame» = «diga» (formal command of «decir», 'tell') + «me»: 'tell me'. Note the irregular command stem «dig-» and the accent that appears once the pronoun attaches, to keep the original stress."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dígame","lemma":"decir yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Tell me","note":"«Dígame» = formal imperative diga + enclitic me, 'tell me.'"},{"surface":"siente","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the following question","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"placer","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of siente","gloss":"pleasure"}]},{"number":164,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p76-s10","source":"Pero, ¡qué diablo!, yo no he venido aquí para dar explicaciones, ¿saben?","translation":"\"But, what the devil!, I haven't come here to give explanations, you understand?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p76-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies venido","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of diablo","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"diablo","lemma":"diablo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the exclamation","gloss":"devil","note":"«¡Qué diablo!» is a mild oath, 'what the devil/deuce!'"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of venido","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies venido","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of venido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"venido","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies venido","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dar","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on venido","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"explicaciones","lemma":"explicación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of dar","gloss":"explanations"},{"surface":"saben","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the tag question","gloss":"understand","note":"«¿Saben?» is a tag question, 'you know?/get it?', here 'you understand?'"}]},{"number":165,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p76-s11","source":"Lo que necesito es plata, no palabras.","translation":"\"What I need is money, not words.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p76-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que (antecedent) with que","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"completes lo que; direct object of necesito","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"necesito","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"verb of the clause lo que necesito, subject of es","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to plata","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"plata","lemma":"plata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate nominal of es","gloss":"money","note":"«Plata» is everyday Latin American Spanish for 'money.'"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies palabras","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with plata","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":166,"label":"77","id":"el-astrologo-p77-s1","source":"Erdosain se había levantado, y ahora apretaba, temblando, entre sus dedos, el ala del sombrero.","translation":"Erdosain had risen, and now, trembling, was clutching the brim of his hat between his fingers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p77-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se había levantado","title":"Pluperfect for a prior action","body":"«Se había levantado» is the pluperfect ('had risen'): an action finished before another past moment. Paired with the imperfect «apretaba» ('was clutching'), it layers the scene — he had already stood up, and was now gripping the hat."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of levantado","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of levantado","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of levantado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"levantado","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"risen"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies apretaba","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"apretaba","lemma":"apretar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with levantado","gloss":"was clutching"},{"surface":"temblando","lemma":"temblar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on apretaba","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of apretaba","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ala","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ala","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of apretaba","gloss":"brim"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sombrero","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"sombrero","lemma":"sombrero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ala","gloss":"hat"}]},{"number":167,"label":"78","id":"el-astrologo-p78-s1","source":"Miraba indignado al Astrólogo, cuya galera cubría el estado de Kansas en el mapa, y al Rufián, que se introdujo las manos entre el cinto y el pantalón.","translation":"He looked indignantly at the Astrologer, whose top hat covered the state of Kansas on the map, and at the Ruffian, who slipped his hands between his belt and his trousers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p78-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"cuya galera","title":"«cuyo/a» = 'whose'","body":"«Cuya galera» = 'whose top hat'. The relative «cuyo/a» means 'whose' and agrees with the thing possessed, not the possessor: «galera» is feminine, so «cuya». It links the Astrologer to his hat in a single clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Miraba","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"indignado","lemma":"indignado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"secondary predicate on the subject of Miraba","gloss":"indignantly"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of Miraba (personal a)","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"cuya","lemma":"cuyo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies galera","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"galera","lemma":"galera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of cubría","gloss":"top hat"},{"surface":"cubría","lemma":"cubrir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Astrólogo","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of estado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estado","lemma":"estado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cubría","gloss":"state"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Kansas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Kansas","lemma":"Kansas","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies estado","gloss":"Kansas"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mapa","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mapa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mapa","lemma":"mapa","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cubría","gloss":"map"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rufián","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of Miraba (personal a), coordinated with Astrólogo","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of introdujo","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"dative reflexive (possessive) of introdujo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"introdujo","lemma":"introducir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Rufián","gloss":"slipped"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of introdujo","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cinto","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cinto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cinto","lemma":"cinto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of introdujo","gloss":"belt"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pantalón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pantalón","lemma":"pantalón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with cinto","gloss":"trousers"}]},{"number":168,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p78-s2","source":"Este volvió a acomodarse en su sillón forrado de terciopelo verde, apoyó la mejilla en su mano regordeta, y sonriendo burlón, dijo calmosamente:","translation":"The latter settled himself again in his green-velvet-upholstered armchair, propped his cheek on his plump hand, and, smiling mockingly, said calmly:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p78-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"volvió a acomodarse","title":"«volver a» + infinitive","body":"«Volver a» + infinitive means 'to (do) again': «volvió a acomodarse» = 'he settled himself again'. It is the standard Spanish way to say 'again', rather than adding an adverb — literally 'he returned to settling himself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Este","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of volvió","gloss":"The latter"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with dijo","gloss":"did again","note":"«Volver a» + infinitive is an idiom meaning 'to do X again.'"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of acomodarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"acomodarse","lemma":"acomodar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of volvió","gloss":"settle himself"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sillón","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sillón","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"sillón","lemma":"sillón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of acomodarse","gloss":"armchair"},{"surface":"forrado","lemma":"forrado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sillón","gloss":"upholstered"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terciopelo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"terciopelo","lemma":"terciopelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of forrado","gloss":"velvet"},{"surface":"verde","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies terciopelo","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"apoyó","lemma":"apoyar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with dijo","gloss":"propped"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mejilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mejilla","lemma":"mejilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of apoyó","gloss":"cheek"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mano","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyó","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"regordeta","lemma":"regordeta","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies mano","gloss":"plump"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sonriendo","lemma":"sonreir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial gerund modifying dijo","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"burlón","lemma":"burlón","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective modifying the subject of sonriendo","gloss":"mockingly"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"calmosamente","lemma":"calmosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"calmly"}]},{"number":169,"label":"79","id":"el-astrologo-p79-s1","source":"–Siéntese, amigo, yo le voy a dar los seiscientos pesos.","translation":"\"Sit down, friend, I'm going to give you the six hundred pesos.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p79-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Siéntese","title":"Reflexive «usted» command","body":"«Siéntese» = «siente» (formal command of «sentarse», 'to sit') + «se»: 'sit down'. The reflexive pronoun attaches to the end of an affirmative command, and an accent appears to keep the stress on «sién-»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Siéntese","lemma":"sentar él","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Sit down","note":"«Siéntese» is the formal (usted) imperative of sentarse, 'sit down.'"},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, addressing the listener","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of dar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dar","gloss":"am going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dar","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of voy","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of seiscientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"seiscientos","lemma":"seiscientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"six hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of dar","gloss":"pesos"}]},{"number":170,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p79-s2","source":"Los brazos de Erdosain se encogieron.","translation":"Erdosain's arms contracted.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p79-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of encogieron","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies brazos","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encogieron","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"encogieron","lemma":"encoger","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"contracted"}]},{"number":171,"label":"80","id":"el-astrologo-p80-s1","source":"Luego, sin moverse, lo miró largamente al Rufián.","translation":"Then, without moving, he looked at the Ruffian for a long while.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p80-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo miró… al Rufián","title":"Redundant object pronoun","body":"«Lo miró… al Rufián» doubles the object: the pronoun «lo» ('him') and the full noun «al Rufián» both name the same person. This 'clitic doubling' is normal, especially marked River Plate usage; the pronoun anticipates the noun for emphasis."}],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies miró","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of moverse","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"moverse","lemma":"mover él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on miró","gloss":"moving"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of miró","gloss":"him","note":"«Lo» doubles «al Rufián» — clitic doubling of a definite direct object, common in Spanish."},{"surface":"miró","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"largamente","lemma":"largamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies miró","gloss":"for a long while"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rufián","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of miró","gloss":"Ruffian"}]},{"number":172,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p80-s2","source":"Este, insistió, recalcando las palabras.","translation":"The latter insisted, stressing his words.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p80-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Este","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of insistió","gloss":"The latter"},{"surface":"insistió","lemma":"insistir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"insisted"},{"surface":"recalcando","lemma":"recalcar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on insistió","gloss":"stressing"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of recalcando","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":173,"label":"81","id":"el-astrologo-p81-s1","source":"–Siéntese con confianza, amigo.","translation":"\"Sit down and make yourself easy, friend.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p81-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Siéntese","lemma":"sentar él","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Sit down"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking confianza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"confianza","lemma":"confianza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Siéntese","gloss":"confidence","note":"«Con confianza» literally 'with confidence/trust,' idiomatically 'make yourself at ease.'"},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, addressing the listener","gloss":"friend"}]},{"number":174,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p81-s2","source":"Yo le voy a dar los seiscientos pesos.","translation":"\"I'm going to give you the six hundred pesos.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p81-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of dar","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dar","gloss":"am going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dar","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of seiscientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"seiscientos","lemma":"seiscientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"six hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of dar","gloss":"pesos"}]},{"number":175,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p81-s3","source":"Para eso estamos los hombres.","translation":"\"That's what men are for.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p81-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"For"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"eso","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estamos","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to eso","gloss":"are","note":"«Estar para algo» = 'to be there for/exist for' something — idiomatic, not literal location."},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of estamos","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":176,"label":"82","id":"el-astrologo-p82-s1","source":"Erdosain no supo qué decir.","translation":"Erdosain didn't know what to say.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p82-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no supo","title":"Preterite of «saber» = 'found out / couldn't'","body":"In the preterite, «saber» shifts meaning: «supo» usually means 'he found out, he learned', and «no supo qué decir» = 'he didn't manage to know what to say', i.e. 'he was at a loss for words'. The imperfect «sabía» would mean the steady state 'he knew'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of supo","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies supo","gloss":"didn't"},{"surface":"supo","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of decir","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of supo","gloss":"to say"}]},{"number":177,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p82-s2","source":"La misma tristeza que estalló en él cuando el hombre de la cabeza de jabalí le dijo en el escritorio que podía irse, la misma tristeza le enervaba ahora.","translation":"The same sadness that burst in him when the man with the boar's head told him in the office he could go, that same sadness was unnerving him now.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p82-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tristeza","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"misma","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tristeza","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"tristeza","lemma":"tristeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"antecedent of que, modified by the relative clause estalló","gloss":"sadness"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of estalló","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estalló","lemma":"estallar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying tristeza","gloss":"burst"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estalló","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dijo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabeza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jabalí","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"jabalí","lemma":"jabalí","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cabeza","gloss":"boar"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escritorio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of escritorio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"escritorio","lemma":"escritorio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dijo","gloss":"office"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of podía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of irse","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"irse","lemma":"ir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of podía","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tristeza","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"misma","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tristeza","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"tristeza","lemma":"tristeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of enervaba","gloss":"sadness"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative (leísta for accusative), singular","role":"direct object of enervaba","gloss":"him","note":"«Le» is leísta usage for the direct object 'him' (standard Spanish would use 'lo'), common in Arlt's prose."},{"surface":"enervaba","lemma":"enervar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was unnerving"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies enervaba","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":178,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p82-s3","source":"¡Entonces, la vida no era tan mala!","translation":"So then, life was not so bad!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p82-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies era","gloss":"So then"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of mala","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mala","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to mala","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mala","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mala","lemma":"malo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"bad"}]},{"number":179,"label":"83","id":"el-astrologo-p83-s1","source":"–Hagamos esto –dijo el Astrólogo–.","translation":"\"Let's do this,\" said the Astrologer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p83-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hagamos","title":"«nosotros» command (let's)","body":"«Hagamos» is the first-person-plural imperative of «hacer»: 'let's do'. Spanish forms the 'let's…' command with the present-subjunctive «nosotros» ending; «hagamos esto» = 'let's do this'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hagamos","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of dijo","gloss":"Let's do"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"esto","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of Hagamos","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":180,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p83-s2","source":"Yo le doy los trescientos pesos y usted otros trescientos.","translation":"\"I'll give him the three hundred pesos and you another three hundred.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p83-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of doy","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of doy","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"doy","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pesos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"trescientos","lemma":"trescientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"three hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of doy","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of the second (elided) clause, coordinated with Yo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of trescientos","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"trescientos","lemma":"trescientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of the elided verb (doy)","gloss":"three hundred"}]},{"number":181,"label":"84","id":"el-astrologo-p84-s1","source":"–No –dijo Haffner–.","translation":"\"No,\" said Haffner.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p84-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"clausal complement of dijo","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Haffner","lemma":"Haffner","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Haffner"}]},{"number":182,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p84-s2","source":"Usted necesita esa plata.","translation":"\"You need that money.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p84-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of necesita","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"necesita","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of plata","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"plata","lemma":"plata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of necesita","gloss":"money","note":"Rioplatense slang for money, literally \"silver.\""}]},{"number":183,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p84-s3","source":"Yo, no.","translation":"\"I don't.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p84-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Yo","gloss":"don't"}]},{"number":184,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p84-s4","source":"Para eso tengo tres mujeres.– Y dirigiéndose a Erdosain, continuó–: ¿Ha visto, amigo, cómo se arreglan las cosas?","translation":"\"That's what I have three women for.\" And turning to Erdosain, he went on: \"You see, friend, how things sort themselves out?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p84-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se arreglan las cosas","title":"«arreglarse» — things sorting themselves","body":"«Cómo se arreglan las cosas» = 'how things work themselves out'. The pronominal «arreglarse» lets the situation resolve on its own, with no agent named — the events 'arrange themselves'. «Dirigiéndose a» is the gerund of «dirigirse a» ('turning to / addressing')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"eso","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of tengo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies mujeres","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"mujeres","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tengo","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"dirigiéndose","lemma":"dirigirse","morphology":"verb, gerund, reflexive","role":"adverbial clause on continuó","gloss":"turning"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of dirigiéndose","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he continued"},{"surface":"Ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"visto","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, addressing Erdosain","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"introduces the clause of arreglan","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of arreglan","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"arreglan","lemma":"arreglar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of visto","gloss":"sort out"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of arreglan","gloss":"things"}]},{"number":185,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p84-s5","source":"¿Está satisfecho?","translation":"\"Are you satisfied?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p84-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to satisfecho","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"satisfecho","lemma":"satisfecho","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"satisfied"}]},{"number":186,"label":"85","id":"el-astrologo-p85-s1","source":"Hablaba con socarrona calmosidad, con cierta cachaza de hombre de campo que siempre sabe que la experiencia que tiene de la naturaleza le permitirá encontrar una salida en la situación más complicada.","translation":"He spoke with a sly unhurriedness, with a certain country-man's phlegm of one who always knows that the experience he has of nature will let him find a way out of the most tangled situation.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p85-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cachaza","title":"«cachaza»","body":"«Cachaza» is unflappable slowness, phlegm, cool composure — the calm of someone who refuses to be rushed. Paired with «socarrona» ('sly, mocking'), it paints Haffner's whole manner: lazy, ironic, untroubled."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hablaba","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking calmosidad","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"socarrona","lemma":"socarrón","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies calmosidad","gloss":"sly"},{"surface":"calmosidad","lemma":"calmosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Hablaba","gloss":"unhurriedness"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cachaza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"cierta","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cachaza","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"cachaza","lemma":"cachaza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Hablaba","gloss":"phlegm","note":"Colloquial word for an unflappable, laid-back calm; despite the porteño setting, this sense is general Spanish, not Lunfardo (only the unrelated 'cane liquor' sense is regional to Cuba/Uruguay)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cachaza","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking campo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"campo","lemma":"campo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sabe","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of permitirá","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of experiencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"experiencia","lemma":"experiencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of permitirá","gloss":"experience"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying experiencia","gloss":"he has"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking naturaleza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of naturaleza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"naturaleza","lemma":"naturaleza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies experiencia","gloss":"nature"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of permitirá","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"permitirá","lemma":"permitir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sabe","gloss":"will let"},{"surface":"encontrar","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of permitirá","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of salida","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"salida","lemma":"salida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of encontrar","gloss":"way out"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking situación","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of situación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"situación","lemma":"situación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies salida","gloss":"situation"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies complicada","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"complicada","lemma":"complicado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies situación","gloss":"tangled"}]},{"number":187,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p85-s2","source":"Y Erdosain recién ahora percibió el candente perfume de las rosas y el gotear de la canilla en el barril que por la ventana entreabierta se escuchaba.","translation":"And only now did Erdosain notice the burning scent of the roses and the dripping of the tap into the barrel that could be heard through the half-open window.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p85-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"recién ahora","title":"«recién» (River Plate)","body":"In River Plate Spanish «recién» means 'only just, not until now': «recién ahora percibió» = 'only now did he notice'. Elsewhere «recién» mostly precedes a participle ('recién llegado'); here it stands before an adverb of time, a regional usage."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies percibió","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of percibió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"recién","lemma":"recién","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies percibió","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies percibió","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"percibió","lemma":"percibir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of perfume","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"candente","lemma":"candente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies perfume","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"perfume","lemma":"perfume","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of percibió","gloss":"scent"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rosas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of rosas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rosas","lemma":"rosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies perfume","gloss":"roses"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gotear","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gotear","lemma":"gotear","morphology":"verb, infinitive (used as noun)","role":"coordinated with perfume","gloss":"dripping"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking canilla","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of canilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"canilla","lemma":"canilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of gotear","gloss":"tap","note":"Rioplatense word for a water tap/faucet (in Spain it means \"shin bone\")."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barril","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of barril","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"barril","lemma":"barril","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of gotear","gloss":"barrel"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of escuchaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ventana","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ventana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ventana","lemma":"ventana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of escuchaba","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"entreabierta","lemma":"entreabierto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ventana","gloss":"half-open"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of escuchaba","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"escuchaba","lemma":"escuchar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying barril","gloss":"could be heard"}]},{"number":188,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p85-s3","source":"Afuera ondulaban los caminos, iluminados por el sol, y el peso de los pájaros doblaban las ramas de los granados, consteladas de asteriscos escarlatas.","translation":"Outside the roads rippled, lit by the sun, and the weight of the birds bent the branches of the pomegranates, constellated with scarlet asterisks.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p85-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Afuera","lemma":"afuera","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ondulaban","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"ondulaban","lemma":"ondular","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rippled"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of caminos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caminos","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of ondulaban","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"iluminados","lemma":"iluminado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies caminos","gloss":"lit"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sol","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of iluminados","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"peso","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of doblaban","gloss":"weight"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pájaros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pájaros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pájaros","lemma":"pájaro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies peso","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"doblaban","lemma":"doblar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with ondulaban","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ramas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ramas","lemma":"rama","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of doblaban","gloss":"branches"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking granados","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of granados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"granados","lemma":"granado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ramas","gloss":"pomegranates"},{"surface":"consteladas","lemma":"constelado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ramas","gloss":"studded"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking asteriscos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"asteriscos","lemma":"asterisco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of consteladas","gloss":"asterisks"},{"surface":"escarlatas","lemma":"escarlata","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies asteriscos","gloss":"scarlet"}]},{"number":189,"label":"86","id":"el-astrologo-p86-s1","source":"Nuevamente en los ojos del Rufián brilló la chispa de luz maliciosa.","translation":"Once again the spark of malicious light gleamed in the Ruffian's eyes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p86-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nuevamente","lemma":"nuevamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies brilló","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of brilló","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rufián","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies ojos","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"brilló","lemma":"brillar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gleamed"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of chispa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chispa","lemma":"chispa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of brilló","gloss":"spark"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luz","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"luz","lemma":"luz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies chispa","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"maliciosa","lemma":"malicioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies luz","gloss":"malicious"}]},{"number":190,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p86-s2","source":"Con una jeta más levantada que la otra aguardaba la explosión de júbilo de Erdosain, mas como ésta no llegó, dijo:","translation":"With one side of his face raised higher than the other he waited for Erdosain's burst of jubilation, but since it did not come, he said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p86-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"jeta","title":"«jeta»","body":"«Jeta» is a colloquial, somewhat coarse word for the face or mug, and by extension the lips or jowls — so «una jeta más levantada que la otra» is one side of the mouth cocked higher than the other, Haffner's lopsided, mocking face. «Mas» (no accent) again means 'but'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jeta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of jeta","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"jeta","lemma":"jeta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aguardaba","gloss":"face","note":"Colloquial Argentine word for \"face\"/\"mug,\" here describing a lopsided, smirking expression."},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies levantada","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"levantada","lemma":"levantado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies jeta","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"comparative particle","role":"introduces the comparison with otra","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of otra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"object of the comparison with jeta","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"aguardaba","lemma":"aguardar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he waited for"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of explosión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"explosión","lemma":"explosión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of aguardaba","gloss":"burst"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking júbilo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"júbilo","lemma":"júbilo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies explosión","gloss":"jubilation"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies explosión","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of llegó","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ésta","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of llegó","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegó","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"llegó","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he said"}]},{"number":191,"label":"87","id":"el-astrologo-p87-s1","source":"–¿Hace mucho que usted vive de esa manera?...","translation":"\"Have you been living that way for long?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p87-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hace mucho que… vive","title":"«hace… que» + present = 'for'","body":"«¿Hace mucho que usted vive…?» = 'have you been living for a long time?'. «Hace» + a time span + «que» + a present-tense verb expresses an action still going on: the present «vive» where English needs the perfect 'have been living'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has it been","note":"\"Hace + time + que\" is an idiom meaning \"[time] has passed since...\" — used here to ask how long something has been going on."},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Hace","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vive","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of vive","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"vive","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Hace","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manera","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of manera","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"manera","lemma":"manera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vive","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":192,"label":"88","id":"el-astrologo-p88-s1","source":"–Sí, mucho.","translation":"\"Yes, a long time.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p88-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Sí","gloss":"a long time"}]},{"number":193,"label":"89","id":"el-astrologo-p89-s1","source":"–¿Se acuerda usted que yo le dije una vez que de esa forma, aunque usted no me confiaba nada, no se puede vivir? –objetó el Astrólogo.","translation":"\"Do you remember I told you once that you can't live that way, even though you confided nothing to me?\" the Astrologer objected.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p89-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se acuerda","title":"«acordarse (de)»","body":"«Acordarse» means 'to remember' and normally takes «de» before its object («se acuerda de algo»). Before a «que»-clause the «de» is often dropped in speech, as here. Don't confuse it with «acordar» ('to agree') — the reflexive «se» is what makes it 'remember'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acuerda","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"acuerda","lemma":"acordarse","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of acuerda","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dije","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of dije","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dije","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dije","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of acuerda","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies dije","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of puede","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forma","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vivir","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of confiaba","gloss":"even though"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of confiaba","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies confiaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of confiaba","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"confiaba","lemma":"confiar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on vivir","gloss":"confided"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of confiaba","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puede","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"impersonal particle of puede","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of vivir","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"vivir","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of dije","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"objetó","lemma":"objetar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"objected"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of objetó","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":194,"label":"90","id":"el-astrologo-p90-s1","source":"–Sí, pero no quería hablar del asunto.","translation":"\"Yes, but I didn't want to talk about the matter.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p90-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quería","gloss":"didn't"},{"surface":"quería","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"hablar","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quería","gloss":"to talk"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking asunto","gloss":"about the"},{"surface":"asunto","lemma":"asunto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hablar","gloss":"matter"}]},{"number":195,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p90-s2","source":"No sé... esas cosas que uno no puede explicarse por qué las calla a las personas con quienes más confianza tiene.","translation":"\"I don't know... those things one can't explain to oneself why one keeps silent about, from the very people one trusts most.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p90-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"las calla","title":"«callar» as 'to keep silent about'","body":"Used transitively, «callar» means 'to keep (something) quiet, to not tell it': «las calla a las personas» = 'he keeps them [these things] from people'. The pronominal «callarse» instead means 'to fall silent / shut up'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of sé","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"relative pronoun, refers to cosas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of explicarse","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puede","gloss":"can't"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of explicarse","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"explicarse","lemma":"explicarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"clause modifying cosas","gloss":"explain to oneself"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"why","note":"\"Por qué\" together mean \"why\"; split here because each word is tapped separately."},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"interrogative pronoun, singular","role":"introduces the clause of calla","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of calla","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"calla","lemma":"callar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of explicarse","gloss":"keeps quiet about"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking personas","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of personas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"personas","lemma":"persona","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"indirect object of calla","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quienes","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"quienes","lemma":"quien","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"object of con, refers to personas","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies confianza","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"confianza","lemma":"confianza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"trust"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying personas","gloss":"has"}]},{"number":196,"label":"91","id":"el-astrologo-p91-s1","source":"–¿Cuándo va usted a reponer ese dinero?","translation":"\"When are you going to put that money back?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p91-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cuándo","lemma":"cuándo","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"modifies va","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of va","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of reponer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"reponer","lemma":"reponer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of va","gloss":"put back"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of reponer","gloss":"money"}]},{"number":197,"label":"92","id":"el-astrologo-p92-s1","source":"–Mañana.","translation":"\"Tomorrow.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p92-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Tomorrow"}]},{"number":198,"label":"93","id":"el-astrologo-p93-s1","source":"–Bueno, entonces le voy a hacer un cheque ahora.","translation":"\"Good, then I'll write you a check now.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p93-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bueno","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"modifies hacer","gloss":"Good"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hacer","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hacer","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hacer","gloss":"I'm going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"write"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hacer","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":199,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p93-s2","source":"Lo tendrá que cobrar mañana.","translation":"\"You'll have to cash it tomorrow.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p93-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cobrar","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tendrá","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you'll have"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cobrar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cobrar","lemma":"cobrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tendrá","gloss":"cash"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cobrar","gloss":"tomorrow"}]},{"number":200,"label":"94","id":"el-astrologo-p94-s1","source":"Haffner se dirigió al escritorio.","translation":"Haffner went over to the desk.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p94-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Haffner","lemma":"Haffner","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dirigió","gloss":"Haffner"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dirigió","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"dirigió","lemma":"dirigir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escritorio","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"escritorio","lemma":"escritorio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dirigió","gloss":"desk"}]},{"number":201,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p94-s2","source":"Sacó del bolsillo la libreta de cheques y escribió firmemente la suma, firmando después.","translation":"He took the checkbook from his pocket and wrote out the sum firmly, signing afterward.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p94-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"firmando después","title":"Gerund for a following action","body":"«Firmando después» = 'signing afterward'. Strictly the gerund marks simultaneous action, but Spanish often uses it loosely for an action that comes right after — here the sequence write-then-sign. «Firmemente» ('firmly') is the unrelated adverb; don't confuse it with «firmando» ('signing')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sacó","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he took"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bolsillo","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"bolsillo","lemma":"bolsillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Sacó","gloss":"pocket"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of libreta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"libreta","lemma":"libreta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Sacó","gloss":"checkbook"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cheques","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cheques","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies libreta","gloss":"checks"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"escribió","lemma":"escribir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Sacó","gloss":"wrote"},{"surface":"firmemente","lemma":"firmemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies escribió","gloss":"firmly"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of suma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suma","lemma":"suma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of escribió","gloss":"sum"},{"surface":"firmando","lemma":"firmar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on escribió","gloss":"signing"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies firmando","gloss":"afterward"}]},{"number":202,"label":"95","id":"el-astrologo-p95-s1","source":"Erdosain pasó por ese viaje sin movimiento de un minuto con la inconsciencia del que se encuentra frente a la perspectiva de un sueño, y que luego más tarde se recuerda, para afirmar que en determinadas circunstancias la vida está empapada de un fatalismo inteligente.","translation":"Erdosain passed through that motionless one-minute journey with the unawareness of someone faced with the prospect of a dream, one later remembered to affirm that under certain circumstances life is steeped in an intelligent fatalism.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p95-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of pasó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"pasó","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"passed through"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viaje","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viaje","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"viaje","lemma":"viaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasó","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking movimiento","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"movimiento","lemma":"movimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies viaje","gloss":"movement"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking minuto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of minuto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"minuto","lemma":"minuto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies movimiento","gloss":"minute"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inconsciencia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of inconsciencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"inconsciencia","lemma":"inconsciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasó","gloss":"unawareness"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of encuentra","gloss":"one who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encuentra","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"encuentra","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying inconsciencia","gloss":"finds himself"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition marking perspectiva","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking perspectiva","gloss":"facing"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of perspectiva","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"perspectiva","lemma":"perspectiva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encuentra","gloss":"prospect"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sueño","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sueño","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sueño","lemma":"sueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies perspectiva","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of recuerda","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies recuerda","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tarde","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies recuerda","gloss":"late"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of recuerda","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"recuerda","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with encuentra","gloss":"is remembered"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of afirmar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"afirmar","lemma":"afirmar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on recuerda","gloss":"affirm"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of empapada","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking circunstancias","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"determinadas","lemma":"determinado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies circunstancias","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"circunstancias","lemma":"circunstancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of empapada","gloss":"circumstances"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of empapada","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to empapada","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"empapada","lemma":"empapado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of afirmar","gloss":"steeped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fatalismo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fatalismo","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"fatalismo","lemma":"fatalismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of empapada","gloss":"fatalism"},{"surface":"inteligente","lemma":"inteligente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies fatalismo","gloss":"intelligent"}]},{"number":203,"label":"96","id":"el-astrologo-p96-s1","source":"–Sírvase, amigo.","translation":"\"Here you are, friend.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p96-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sírvase","title":"«servirse» — 'help yourself'","body":"«Sírvase» is the formal command of «servirse» ('to help oneself, to be so good as to'): an idiomatic 'here you are / please take it'. With an infinitive («sírvase pasar») it politely means 'kindly do…'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sírvase","lemma":"servirse","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, second-person, singular, reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"help yourself","note":"Formal reflexive imperative of servirse, an idiomatic way of inviting someone to take what's offered."},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, addressing the listener","gloss":"friend"}]},{"number":204,"label":"97","id":"el-astrologo-p97-s1","source":"Erdosain recogió el cheque, y sin leerlo lo dobló en cuatro pliegos, guardándolo en su bolsillo.","translation":"Erdosain took up the check, and without reading it folded it in four, tucking it away in his pocket.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p97-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of recogió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"recogió","lemma":"recoger","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of recogió","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of leerlo","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"leerlo","lemma":"leer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on dobló","gloss":"reading it"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dobló","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dobló","lemma":"doblar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with recogió","gloss":"folded"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pliegos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cuatro","lemma":"cuatro","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pliegos","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"pliegos","lemma":"pliego","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of dobló","gloss":"folds","note":"pliego = a fold/leaf of paper; 'doblar en cuatro pliegos' = to fold into four, like a letter."},{"surface":"guardándolo","lemma":"guardar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dobló","gloss":"tucking it away"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bolsillo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of bolsillo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"bolsillo","lemma":"bolsillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of guardándolo","gloss":"pocket"}]},{"number":205,"label":"98","id":"el-astrologo-p98-s1","source":"Todo había ocurrido en un minuto.","translation":"It had all happened in a minute.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p98-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ocurrido","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ocurrido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ocurrido","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking minuto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of minuto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"minuto","lemma":"minuto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ocurrido","gloss":"minute"}]},{"number":206,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p98-s2","source":"El suceso era más absurdo que una novela, a pesar de ser él un hombre de carne y hueso.","translation":"The event was more absurd than a novel, despite his being a man of flesh and blood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p98-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"a pesar de ser","title":"«a pesar de» + infinitive","body":"«A pesar de ser él un hombre…» = 'despite his being a man…'. «A pesar de» ('in spite of') takes a noun or, as here, an infinitive; «ser él» tucks the subject «él» right after the infinitive, a literary order for 'his being'."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of suceso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suceso","lemma":"suceso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of absurdo","gloss":"event"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to absurdo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies absurdo","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"absurdo","lemma":"absurdo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"absurd"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of novela","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of novela","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"novela","lemma":"novela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of absurdo","gloss":"novel"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ser","gloss":"despite","note":"'a pesar de' = despite / in spite of."},{"surface":"pesar","lemma":"pesar","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"spite"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to hombre","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hombre","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of ser","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking carne","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"carne","lemma":"carne","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hueso","lemma":"hueso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with carne","gloss":"bone","note":"'hueso' literally means 'bone'; 'carne y hueso' (literally 'flesh and bone') is the Spanish idiom for 'flesh and blood.' The gloss must give hueso's own meaning, not swap in the English idiom's partner word."}]},{"number":207,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p98-s3","source":"Y no sabía qué decir.","translation":"And he did not know what to say.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p98-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sabía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sabía","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of decir","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of sabía","gloss":"to say"}]},{"number":208,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p98-s4","source":"Ya no los debía, y el prodigio lo había obrado un solo gesto del Rufián.","translation":"He no longer owed them, and the marvel had been worked by a single gesture of the Ruffian's.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p98-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo había obrado un solo gesto","title":"Object before a postponed subject","body":"«El prodigio lo había obrado un solo gesto» reads, in order, 'the marvel — a single gesture had worked it'. The object «el prodigio» is fronted, the pronoun «lo» echoes it, and the real subject «un solo gesto» comes last — a marked order for emphasis."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies debía","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies debía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of debía","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"debía","lemma":"deber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"owed"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of prodigio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"prodigio","lemma":"prodigio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of obrado, fronted","gloss":"marvel"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object clitic of obrado, doubles prodigio","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of obrado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"obrado","lemma":"obrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with debía","gloss":"wrought"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gesto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies gesto","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"gesto","lemma":"gesto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of obrado","gloss":"gesture","note":"Word order fronts 'el prodigio' as the object (doubled by 'lo'); 'un solo gesto del Rufián' is the true subject — literally 'a single gesture of the Ruffian's had wrought it.'"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rufián","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies gesto","gloss":"Ruffian"}]},{"number":209,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p98-s5","source":"Este acontecimiento era un imposible de acuerdo con la lógica que rige los procedimientos corrientes, y sin embargo nada había ocurrido.","translation":"This occurrence was an impossibility according to the logic that governs ordinary dealings, and yet nothing had happened.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p98-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of acontecimiento","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"acontecimiento","lemma":"acontecimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of imposible","gloss":"occurrence"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to imposible","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of imposible","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"imposible","lemma":"imposible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"impossibility"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies imposible","gloss":"according","note":"'de acuerdo con' = according to."},{"surface":"acuerdo","lemma":"acuerdo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"agreement"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lógica","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lógica","lemma":"lógica","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies imposible","gloss":"logic"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of rige","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"rige","lemma":"regir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying lógica","gloss":"governs"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of procedimientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"procedimientos","lemma":"procedimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of rige","gloss":"dealings"},{"surface":"corrientes","lemma":"corriente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies procedimientos","gloss":"ordinary"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies ocurrido","gloss":"yet","note":"'sin embargo' = however / yet."},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase sin","gloss":"hindrance"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ocurrido","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ocurrido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ocurrido","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with era","gloss":"happened"}]},{"number":210,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p98-s6","source":"Quería decir algo.","translation":"He wanted to say something.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p98-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quería","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Quería","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of decir","gloss":"something"}]},{"number":211,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p98-s7","source":"Nuevamente examinó la catadura del hombre apoltronado en el sillón de terciopelo raído.","translation":"Again he examined the look of the man sprawled in the threadbare velvet armchair.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p98-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"catadura","title":"«catadura»","body":"«Catadura» means a person's look or aspect, usually with a faintly unsavory ring — 'mug, appearance, cast of features'. «Apoltronado» (from «poltrona», 'easy chair') = 'lounging, slumped lazily'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nuevamente","lemma":"nuevamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies examinó","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"examinó","lemma":"examinar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"examined"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of catadura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"catadura","lemma":"catadura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of examinó","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies catadura","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"apoltronado","lemma":"apoltronado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"sprawled"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sillón","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sillón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sillón","lemma":"sillón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoltronado","gloss":"armchair"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terciopelo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"terciopelo","lemma":"terciopelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sillón","gloss":"velvet"},{"surface":"raído","lemma":"raído","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies terciopelo","gloss":"threadbare"}]},{"number":212,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p98-s8","source":"Ahora el revólver estaba de relieve bajo la tela gris del saco, y Haffner, displicente, apoyaba la azulada mejilla en sus tres dedos de uñas centelleantes.","translation":"Now the revolver stood out under the gray cloth of his jacket, and Haffner, indifferent, propped his bluish cheek on his three fingers with glittering nails.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p98-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"saco","title":"«saco»","body":"In River Plate Spanish a «saco» is a suit jacket or sport coat (Spain would say «chaqueta» or «americana»). The repeated «azulada mejilla» and «tres dedos» echo Haffner's first appearance, framing the chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies relieve","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of revólver","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"revólver","lemma":"revólver","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of relieve","gloss":"revolver"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to relieve","gloss":"stood","note":"'estar de relieve' = to stand out, be prominent."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking relieve","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"relieve","lemma":"relieve","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"relief"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tela","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tela","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"tela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies relieve","gloss":"cloth"},{"surface":"gris","lemma":"gris","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies tela","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking saco","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"saco","lemma":"saco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tela","gloss":"jacket"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Haffner","lemma":"Haffner","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of apoyaba","gloss":"Haffner"},{"surface":"displicente","lemma":"displicente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Haffner","gloss":"indifferent"},{"surface":"apoyaba","lemma":"apoyar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estaba","gloss":"propped"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mejilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"azulada","lemma":"azulado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mejilla","gloss":"bluish"},{"surface":"mejilla","lemma":"mejilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of apoyaba","gloss":"cheek"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies dedos","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of apoyaba","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uñas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"uñas","lemma":"uña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies dedos","gloss":"nails"},{"surface":"centelleantes","lemma":"centelleante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies uñas","gloss":"glittering"}]},{"number":213,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p98-s9","source":"Deseaba darle las gracias al Rufián, pero no sabía con qué palabras hacerlo.","translation":"He wanted to thank the Ruffian, but did not know with what words to do it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p98-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Deseaba","lemma":"desear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"darle","lemma":"dar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Deseaba","gloss":"to give him","note":"'dar las gracias a alguien' = to thank someone."},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of gracias","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gracias","lemma":"gracia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of darle","gloss":"thanks"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rufián","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of darle, doubled by le","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sabía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sabía","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Deseaba","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palabras","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of hacerlo","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"hacerlo","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of sabía","gloss":"to do it"}]},{"number":214,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p98-s10","source":"Este comprendió, y, dirigiéndose al Astrólogo, que se había sentado en un taburete junto al escritorio, dijo:","translation":"The latter understood, and, turning to the Astrologer, who had sat down on a stool beside the desk, said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p98-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Este","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of comprendió","gloss":"the latter"},{"surface":"comprendió","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dirigiéndose","lemma":"dirigir él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"turning"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of dirigiéndose","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sentado","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sentado","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sentado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sentado","lemma":"sentar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying Astrólogo","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking taburete","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of taburete","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"taburete","lemma":"taburete","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentado","gloss":"stool"},{"surface":"junto","lemma":"junto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"preposition marking escritorio","gloss":"beside","note":"'junto a' = next to / beside."},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase junto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"escritorio","lemma":"escritorio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentado","gloss":"desk"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with comprendió","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":215,"label":"99","id":"el-astrologo-p99-s1","source":"–¿De manera que una de las bases de su sociedad será la obediencia?...","translation":"\"So one of the foundations of your society will be obedience?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p99-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies obediencia","gloss":"so","note":"'de manera que' = so that / so."},{"surface":"manera","lemma":"manera","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase De","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase De","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of obediencia","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bases","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of bases","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bases","lemma":"base","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies una","gloss":"foundations"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bases","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to obediencia","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of obediencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"obediencia","lemma":"obediencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"obedience"}]},{"number":216,"label":"100","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s1","source":"–Y el industrialismo.","translation":"\"And industrialism.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of industrialismo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"industrialismo","lemma":"industrialismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"industrialism"}]},{"number":217,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s2","source":"Hace falta oro para atrapar la conciencia de los hombres.","translation":"\"Gold is needed to trap the conscience of men.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hace falta","title":"«hacer falta» = 'to be needed'","body":"«Hace falta oro» = 'gold is needed / one needs gold'. «Hacer falta» means 'to be necessary, to be lacking'; the thing needed is its subject. It works much like «gustar» — what is needed governs the verb's number («hacen falta brazos», 'hands are needed')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is needed","note":"'hacer falta' = to be needed/necessary."},{"surface":"falta","lemma":"falta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase Hace","gloss":"needed"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Hace","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of atrapar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"atrapar","lemma":"atrapar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Hace","gloss":"trap"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of conciencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"conciencia","lemma":"conciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of atrapar","gloss":"conscience"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies conciencia","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":218,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s3","source":"Así como hubo el misticismo religioso y el caballeresco, hay que crear misticismo industrial.","translation":"\"Just as there was religious and chivalric mysticism, an industrial mysticism must be created.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Así como","title":"«así como» — 'just as'","body":"«Así como hubo… hay que crear…» = 'just as there was…, one must create…'. «Así como» sets up a parallel ('in the same way that'). «Hubo» is the preterite of «haber» used impersonally, 'there was'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the así-como clause","gloss":"just","note":"'así como' = just as."},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Así","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"hubo","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the así-como clause","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of misticismo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"misticismo","lemma":"misticismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hubo","gloss":"mysticism"},{"surface":"religioso","lemma":"religioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies misticismo","gloss":"religious"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caballeresco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caballeresco","lemma":"caballeresco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with religioso","gloss":"chivalric","note":"Modifies an elided second 'misticismo': 'el [misticismo] caballeresco.'"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must","note":"'hay que' + infinitive = one must / it is necessary to."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of crear","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"crear","lemma":"crear","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hay","gloss":"create"},{"surface":"misticismo","lemma":"misticismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of crear","gloss":"mysticism"},{"surface":"industrial","lemma":"industrial","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies misticismo","gloss":"industrial"}]},{"number":219,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s4","source":"Hacerle ver a un hombre que es tan bello ser jefe de un alto horno como hermoso antes descubrir un continente.","translation":"\"To make a man see that it is as beautiful to head a blast furnace as it once was to discover a continent.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tan… como","title":"«tan… como» — equal comparison","body":"«Tan bello… como hermoso…» = 'as beautiful… as handsome…'. «Tan + adjective + como» makes a comparison of equality between two things. «Hacerle ver» is the causative «hacer» again: 'to make him see'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hacerle","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to make him"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Hacerle","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"marks object","note":"Personal 'a': marks a specific human direct object; not translated."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Hacerle","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bello","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bello","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"bello","lemma":"bello","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to jefe","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"jefe","lemma":"jefe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bello","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horno","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of horno","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"alto","lemma":"alto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies horno","gloss":"blast","note":"'alto horno' (literally 'high oven') = blast furnace."},{"surface":"horno","lemma":"horno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies jefe","gloss":"furnace"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hermoso","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"hermoso","lemma":"hermoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with bello","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies descubrir","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"descubrir","lemma":"descubrir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on hermoso","gloss":"to discover"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of continente","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"continente","lemma":"continente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of descubrir","gloss":"continent"}]},{"number":220,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s5","source":"Mi político, mi alumno político en la sociedad será un hombre que pretenderá conquistar la felicidad mediante la industria.","translation":"\"My politician, my political pupil in the society, will be a man who will seek to conquer happiness through industry.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of político","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"político","lemma":"político","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hombre","gloss":"politician"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of alumno","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"alumno","lemma":"alumno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to político","gloss":"pupil"},{"surface":"político","lemma":"político","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies alumno","gloss":"political"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies alumno","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to hombre","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of pretenderá","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"pretenderá","lemma":"pretender","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"will seek"},{"surface":"conquistar","lemma":"conquistar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pretenderá","gloss":"to conquer"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of felicidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"felicidad","lemma":"felicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of conquistar","gloss":"happiness"},{"surface":"mediante","lemma":"mediante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking industria","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of industria","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"industria","lemma":"industria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of conquistar","gloss":"industry"}]},{"number":221,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s6","source":"Este revolucionario sabrá hablar tan bien de un sistema de estampado de tejidos como de la desmagnetización de un acero.","translation":"\"This revolutionary will know how to speak as well of a system for printing fabrics as of the demagnetization of a steel.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of revolucionario","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"revolucionario","lemma":"revolucionario","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sabrá","gloss":"revolutionary"},{"surface":"sabrá","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will know"},{"surface":"hablar","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sabrá","gloss":"how to speak"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bien","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablar","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sistema","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sistema","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sistema","lemma":"sistema","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hablar","gloss":"system"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estampado","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"estampado","lemma":"estampado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sistema","gloss":"printing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tejidos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tejidos","lemma":"tejido","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies estampado","gloss":"fabrics"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desmagnetización","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of desmagnetización","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desmagnetización","lemma":"desmagnetización","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with sistema","gloss":"demagnetization"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of acero","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"acero","lemma":"acero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies desmagnetización","gloss":"steel"}]},{"number":222,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s7","source":"Por eso lo estimé a Erdosain en cuanto lo conocí.","translation":"\"That's why I valued Erdosain the moment I met him.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"en cuanto lo conocí","title":"«en cuanto» + «conocer» in the preterite","body":"«En cuanto» means 'as soon as'. «Lo conocí» is the preterite of «conocer», which in that tense means 'I met (for the first time)', not 'I knew'. So «en cuanto lo conocí» = 'the moment I first met him'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"that's","note":"'por eso' = that's why / for that reason."},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"eso","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"oblique complement of estimé","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of estimé","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"estimé","lemma":"estimar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"valued"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"marks object","note":"Personal 'a': marks a specific human direct object; not translated."},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of estimé, doubled by lo","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of conocí","gloss":"the","note":"'en cuanto' = as soon as / the moment (that)."},{"surface":"cuanto","lemma":"cuanto","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of conocí","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"conocí","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on estimé","gloss":"met"}]},{"number":223,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s8","source":"Tenía mi misma preocupación.","translation":"\"He had the very same concern as I.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of preocupación","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"misma","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies preocupación","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"preocupación","lemma":"preocupación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Tenía","gloss":"concern"}]},{"number":224,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s9","source":"Usted recuerda cuántas veces hablamos de la coincidencia de nuestras miras.","translation":"\"You remember how many times we spoke of the coincidence of our views.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of recuerda","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"recuerda","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"cuántas","lemma":"cuántos","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of hablamos","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"hablamos","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on recuerda","gloss":"we spoke"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coincidencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of coincidencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"coincidencia","lemma":"coincidencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hablamos","gloss":"coincidence"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking miras","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nuestras","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of miras","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"miras","lemma":"mira","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies coincidencia","gloss":"views"}]},{"number":225,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s10","source":"Crear un hombre soberbio, hermoso, inexorable, que domina las multitudes y les muestra un porvenir basado en la ciencia.","translation":"\"To create a superb, beautiful, inexorable man who masters the multitudes and shows them a future grounded in science.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Crear","lemma":"crear","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to create"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Crear","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"soberbio","lemma":"soberbio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"superb"},{"surface":"hermoso","lemma":"hermoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with soberbio","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"inexorable","lemma":"inexorable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies soberbio","gloss":"inexorable"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of domina","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"domina","lemma":"dominar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of multitudes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"multitudes","lemma":"multitud","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of domina","gloss":"multitudes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of muestra","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"muestra","lemma":"mostrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with domina","gloss":"shows"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of porvenir","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"porvenir","lemma":"porvenir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of muestra","gloss":"future"},{"surface":"basado","lemma":"basado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies porvenir","gloss":"grounded"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciencia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciencia","lemma":"ciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of basado","gloss":"science"}]},{"number":226,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s11","source":"¿Cómo es posible de otro modo una revolución social?","translation":"\"How is a social revolution possible any other way?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of posible","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to posible","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"posible","lemma":"posible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking modo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of modo","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies posible","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of revolución","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"revolución","lemma":"revolución","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of posible","gloss":"revolution"},{"surface":"social","lemma":"social","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies revolución","gloss":"social"}]},{"number":227,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s12","source":"El jefe de hoy ha de ser un hombre que lo sepa todo.","translation":"\"The leader of today must be a man who knows everything.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ha de ser","title":"«haber de» + infinitive","body":"«Ha de ser» = 'is to be / must be'. «Haber de» + infinitive expresses obligation or expectation, a touch more formal than «tener que». The relative clause «que lo sepa todo» uses the subjunctive «sepa» because such a man is still an ideal, not a given."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of jefe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jefe","lemma":"jefe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hombre","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hoy","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hoy","lemma":"hoy","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jefe","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hombre","gloss":"must","note":"\"Ha de\" + infinitive is a periphrasis meaning \"must.\""},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ser","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to hombre","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sepa","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sepa","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sepa","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sepa","gloss":"everything","note":"\"Lo... todo\" is clitic doubling: \"lo\" and \"todo\" refer to the same object, emphasizing \"everything.\""}]},{"number":228,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s13","source":"Nosotros crearemos ese príncipe de sapiencia.","translation":"\"We will create that prince of wisdom.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"subject of crearemos","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"crearemos","lemma":"crear","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will create"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of príncipe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"príncipe","lemma":"príncipe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of crearemos","gloss":"prince"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sapiencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sapiencia","lemma":"sapiencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies príncipe","gloss":"wisdom"}]},{"number":229,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s14","source":"La sociedad se encargará de confeccionar su leyenda y extenderla.","translation":"\"The society will take charge of fashioning his legend and spreading it.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se encargará de","title":"«encargarse de»","body":"«Encargarse de» means 'to take charge of, to see to' something. «La sociedad se encargará de…» = 'the society will see to…'. The «de» governs an infinitive here («confeccionar», 'to fashion')."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of encargará","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encargará","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"encargará","lemma":"encargar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will take charge"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of confeccionar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"confeccionar","lemma":"confeccionar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of encargará","gloss":"fashioning"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of leyenda","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"leyenda","lemma":"leyenda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of confeccionar","gloss":"legend"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"extenderla","lemma":"extender él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with confeccionar","gloss":"spreading it"}]},{"number":230,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s15","source":"Un Ford o un Edison tienen mil probabilidades más de provocar una revolución que un político.","translation":"\"A Ford or an Edison have a thousand times more chance of provoking a revolution than a politician.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Ford","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Ford","lemma":"Ford","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of tienen","gloss":"Ford"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Edison","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Edison","lemma":"Edison","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Ford","gloss":"Edison"},{"surface":"tienen","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies probabilidades","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"probabilidades","lemma":"probabilidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tienen","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies probabilidades","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of provocar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"provocar","lemma":"provocar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying probabilidades","gloss":"provoking"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of revolución","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"revolución","lemma":"revolución","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of provocar","gloss":"revolution"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with político","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of político","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"político","lemma":"político","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"compared with Ford and Edison","gloss":"politician"}]},{"number":231,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s16","source":"¿Usted cree que las futuras dictaduras serán militares?","translation":"\"Do you believe the dictatorships to come will be military?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of cree","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"cree","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of militares","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of dictaduras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"futuras","lemma":"futuro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies dictaduras","gloss":"future"},{"surface":"dictaduras","lemma":"dictadura","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of militares","gloss":"dictatorships"},{"surface":"serán","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to militares","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"militares","lemma":"militar","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"clausal complement of cree","gloss":"military"}]},{"number":232,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s17","source":"No, señor.","translation":"\"No, sir.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"señor","lemma":"señor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on No","gloss":"sir"}]},{"number":233,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s18","source":"El militar no vale nada junto al industrial.","translation":"\"The soldier is worth nothing beside the industrialist.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of militar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"militar","lemma":"militar","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"subject of vale","gloss":"soldier"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vale","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vale","lemma":"valer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is worth"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"modifies vale","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"junto","lemma":"junto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the compound preposition junto a, marking industrial","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of industrial","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"industrial","lemma":"industrial","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"oblique complement of vale","gloss":"industrialist"}]},{"number":234,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s19","source":"Puede ser instrumento de él, nada más.","translation":"\"He can be the industrialist's instrument, nothing more.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of instrumento","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to instrumento","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"instrumento","lemma":"instrumento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"instrument"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"modifies instrumento","gloss":"him","note":"\"Él\" refers back to the industrialist mentioned in the previous line."},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of instrumento","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":235,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s20","source":"Eso es todo.","translation":"\"That's all.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of todo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to todo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":236,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s21","source":"Los futuros dictadores serán reyes del petróleo, del acero, del trigo.","translation":"\"The dictators of the future will be kings of oil, of steel, of wheat.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dictadores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"futuros","lemma":"futuro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies dictadores","gloss":"future"},{"surface":"dictadores","lemma":"dictador","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of reyes","gloss":"dictators"},{"surface":"serán","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to reyes","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"reyes","lemma":"rey","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking petróleo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"petróleo","lemma":"petróleo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies reyes","gloss":"oil"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acero","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"acero","lemma":"acero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies reyes","gloss":"steel"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trigo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"trigo","lemma":"trigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies reyes","gloss":"wheat"}]},{"number":237,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s22","source":"Nosotros, con nuestra sociedad, prepararemos ese ambiente.","translation":"\"We, with our society, will prepare that climate.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"subject of prepararemos","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of prepararemos","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"prepararemos","lemma":"preparar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will prepare"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ambiente","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ambiente","lemma":"ambiente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of prepararemos","gloss":"climate"}]},{"number":238,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s23","source":"Familiarizaremos a la gente con nuestras teorías.","translation":"\"We will familiarize people with our theories.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Familiarizaremos","lemma":"familiarizar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will familiarize"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gente","gloss":"(object marker)","note":"The \"personal a\" marks a human direct object here and has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Familiarizaremos","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking teorías","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"nuestras","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of teorías","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"teorías","lemma":"teoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Familiarizaremos","gloss":"theories"}]},{"number":239,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s24","source":"Por eso hace falta un estudio detenido de propaganda.","translation":"\"That's why a careful study of propaganda is needed.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of hace","gloss":"that","note":"\"Por eso\" together means \"that's why.\""},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is needed"},{"surface":"falta","lemma":"falta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with hace","gloss":"needed","note":"\"Hacer falta\" is an idiom meaning \"to be necessary/needed.\""},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of estudio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"estudio","lemma":"estudio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hace","gloss":"study"},{"surface":"detenido","lemma":"detenido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies estudio","gloss":"careful"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking propaganda","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"propaganda","lemma":"propaganda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies estudio","gloss":"propaganda"}]},{"number":240,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s25","source":"Aprovechar los estudiantes y las estudiantas.","translation":"\"To make use of the students, men and women alike.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s25.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"estudiantas","title":"«estudiantas»","body":"«Estudiante» is normally common-gender ('el/la estudiante'). The Astrologer coins a feminine «estudiantas» to single out the women students — a non-standard form that marks his speech, and the period's, rather than correct usage."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aprovechar","lemma":"aprovechar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make use of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of estudiantes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estudiantes","lemma":"estudiante","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of Aprovechar","gloss":"students"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of estudiantas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estudiantas","lemma":"estudianta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with estudiantes","gloss":"female students","note":"\"Estudiantas\" is a nonstandard, deliberately feminized form of \"estudiante,\" used here for rhetorical emphasis."}]},{"number":241,"label":"","id":"el-astrologo-p100-s26","source":"Embellecer la ciencia, acercarla de tal modo a los hombres que de pronto...","translation":"\"To make science beautiful, to bring it so close to men that suddenly...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p100-s26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Embellecer","lemma":"embellecer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make beautiful"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciencia","lemma":"ciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Embellecer","gloss":"science"},{"surface":"acercarla","lemma":"acercar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with Embellecer","gloss":"bring it close"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies acercarla","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"way","note":"\"De tal modo que\" is an idiom meaning \"in such a way that.\""},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombres","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of acercarla","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pronto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies que","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"suddenly","note":"\"De pronto\" is an idiom meaning \"suddenly.\""}]},{"number":242,"label":"101","id":"el-astrologo-p101-s1","source":"–Yo me voy dijo Erdosain.","translation":"\"I'm leaving,\" said Erdosain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p101-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me voy","title":"«irse» = to leave","body":"«Me voy» = 'I'm leaving / off I go'. The pronominal «irse» stresses departure from a place, where plain «ir» just means 'to go (somewhere)'. The pronoun «me» is what turns 'I go' into 'I'm leaving'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of voy","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive, singular","role":"reflexive particle of voy","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of dijo","gloss":"'m leaving"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":243,"label":"102","id":"el-astrologo-p102-s1","source":"Se iba a despedir de Haffner, cuando éste dijo:","translation":"He was about to say goodbye to Haffner, when the latter said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p102-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se iba a despedir","title":"«ir a» in the imperfect = 'was about to'","body":"«Se iba a despedir» = 'he was going to / was about to say goodbye'. «Ir a» + infinitive in the imperfect describes an action on the verge of happening in the past — often interrupted, as here by Haffner. «Despedirse de» = 'to take leave of'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of despedir","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of despedir","gloss":"was about"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of despedir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"despedir","lemma":"despedir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"say goodbye"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Haffner","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Haffner","lemma":"Haffner","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of despedir","gloss":"Haffner"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dijo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"the latter"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on despedir","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":244,"label":"103","id":"el-astrologo-p103-s1","source":"–Entonces, un momento, oiga.","translation":"\"Then, one moment, listen.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p103-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"oiga","title":"«oiga» — 'listen / hey'","body":"«Oiga» is the formal command of «oír» ('to hear'), used as an attention-getter: 'listen, look here, hey'. The «g» appears in the command stem of «oír» («oig-»), as in «oiga, oigan»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oiga","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of oiga","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"oiga","lemma":"oír","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"listen"}]},{"number":245,"label":"104","id":"el-astrologo-p104-s1","source":"Salieron el Astrólogo y el macró un instante, luego regresaron, y al despedirse en la puerta de la quinta Erdosain volvió la cabeza para mirar al hombre gigantesco, que con el brazo encogido les hacía los gestos de un saludo.","translation":"The Astrologer and the pimp stepped out for a moment, then returned, and as they said goodbye at the gate of the estate, Erdosain turned his head to look at the gigantic man, who, with his arm drawn in, was making them the gestures of a farewell.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-astrologo-p104-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"al despedirse","title":"«al» + infinitive closes the scene","body":"«Al despedirse… Erdosain volvió la cabeza» = 'as they said goodbye, Erdosain turned his head'. The «al» + infinitive marks the simultaneous moment; the reflexive «despedirse» here is reciprocal ('they took leave of each other'), closing the chapter on the same gate the visit began at."}],"words":[{"surface":"Salieron","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stepped out"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of Salieron","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of macró","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"macró","lemma":"macró","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Salieron","gloss":"pimp","note":"\"Macró\" is Lunfardo (Buenos Aires slang) for \"pimp.\""},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instante","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"instante","lemma":"instante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Salieron","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies regresaron","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"regresaron","lemma":"regresar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with Salieron","gloss":"returned"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking despedirse","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"despedirse","lemma":"despedir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on volvió","gloss":"said goodbye"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puerta","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of despedirse","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quinta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quinta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quinta","lemma":"quinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies puerta","gloss":"estate"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of volvió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with regresaron","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of volvió","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of mirar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mirar","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on volvió","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mirar","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"gigantesco","lemma":"gigantesco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"gigantic"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hacía","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of brazo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazo","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hacía","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"encogido","lemma":"encogido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies brazo","gloss":"drawn in"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of hacía","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"was making"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of gestos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gestos","lemma":"gesto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hacía","gloss":"gestures"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking saludo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of saludo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"saludo","lemma":"saludo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies gestos","gloss":"farewell"}]}]}