{"work":{"slug":"arlt","title":{"source":"Los siete locos","translated":"The Seven Madmen"},"author":"Roberto Arlt","language":"Spanish","languageCode":"es","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"el-buscador-de-oro","title":{"source":"El buscador de oro","translated":"The Gold Prospector"},"section":"Part Two","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro","lines":162},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/la-farsa","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/la-coja","license":"Source text: public domain (Roberto Arlt, d. 1942). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: this is a minimal seed excerpt to make the app target runnable; full verified content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p1-s1","source":"Después que salió Haffner, Erdosain, que tenía deseos de conversar con el Buscador de Oro, se despidió del Astrólogo y el Mayor.","translation":"After Haffner left, Erdosain, who wanted to talk with the Gold Prospector, said goodbye to the Astrologer and the Major.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"salió / tenía","title":"Preterite against imperfect","body":"«salió» is preterite — a single completed exit. «tenía deseos» is imperfect — an ongoing wish that was simply in place, the backdrop to the action. Spanish constantly pairs the two this way: one sealed event against a continuous state."}],"words":[{"surface":"Después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies despidió","gloss":"After"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of salió","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"salió","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Después","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"Haffner","lemma":"Haffner","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of salió","gloss":"Haffner"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of despidió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tenía","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Erdosain","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"deseos","lemma":"deseo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"a desire"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of conversar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"conversar","lemma":"conversar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying deseos","gloss":"talk"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Buscador","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buscador","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Buscador","lemma":"Buscador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of conversar","gloss":"Prospector"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buscador","gloss":"Gold"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of despidió","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"despidió","lemma":"despedir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said goodbye"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of despidió","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Mayor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mayor","lemma":"Mayor","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Astrólogo","gloss":"Major"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p1-s2","source":"Erdosain se encontraba nuevamente inquieto.","translation":"Erdosain found himself uneasy once again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p1-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of encontraba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encontraba","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"encontraba","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"nuevamente","lemma":"nuevamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inquieto","gloss":"once again"},{"surface":"inquieto","lemma":"inquieto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of encontraba","gloss":"uneasy"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p1-s3","source":"Antes de retirarse, eh!","translation":"Before leaving, eh!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p1-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of retirarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"retirarse","lemma":"retirar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Antes","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"eh","lemma":"eh","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on Antes","gloss":"eh"}]},{"number":4,"label":"2","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p2-s1","source":"Astrólogo le dijo en un aparte:","translation":"The Astrologer told him in an aside:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"en un aparte","title":"«un aparte»","body":"«un aparte» is a private word spoken to one side, out of the others' hearing — the same theatrical sense as an English 'aside'. «en un aparte» = 'in an aside', 'privately'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aparte","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aparte","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"aparte","lemma":"aparte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dijo","gloss":"aside"}]},{"number":5,"label":"3","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p3-s1","source":"–No falte mañana a las 9, hay que cobrar el cheque.","translation":"–Don't miss tomorrow at 9, we have to cash the check.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hay que cobrar","title":"«hay que» + infinitive","body":"«hay que» plus an infinitive expresses an impersonal obligation — 'one must', 'we have to'. It states the necessity without naming who is responsible: «hay que cobrar el cheque» = 'the check has to be cashed'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies falte","gloss":"Don't"},{"surface":"falte","lemma":"faltar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"miss"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies falte","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking 9","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of 9","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"we have"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cobrar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cobrar","lemma":"cobrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of hay","gloss":"cash"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cobrar","gloss":"check"}]},{"number":6,"label":"4","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p4-s1","source":"Se había olvidado de «aquello».","translation":"He had forgotten about \"that\".","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se había olvidado","title":"Pluperfect + pronominal «olvidarse»","body":"«se había olvidado» is the pluperfect ('he had forgotten') built on pronominal «olvidarse de» ('to forget about'). The «se» and the «de» travel together; the quotation marks around «aquello» ('that') hint at the dark errand he would rather not name."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of olvidado","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of olvidado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"olvidado","lemma":"olvidar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forgotten"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aquello","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"aquello","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of olvidado","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p4-s2","source":"De pronto Erdosain miró en derredor como aturdido por un golpe.","translation":"Suddenly Erdosain looked around as if dazed by a blow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p4-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"en derredor","title":"«en derredor»","body":"«en derredor» means 'round about', 'all around' — a literary equivalent of «alrededor». It is old-fashioned and adds a slightly elevated, searching tone to the gesture."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase pronto","gloss":"suddenly","note":"'De pronto' is a fixed phrase meaning 'suddenly'."},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies miró","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of miró","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"miró","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking derredor","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"derredor","lemma":"derredor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of miró","gloss":"the surroundings","note":"'En derredor' is a literary way of saying 'alrededor' — 'around'."},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of aturdido","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"aturdido","lemma":"aturdido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Erdosain","gloss":"dazed"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking golpe","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of golpe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"golpe","lemma":"golpe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aturdido","gloss":"blow"}]},{"number":8,"label":"5","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p5-s1","source":"Necesitaba conversar con alguien; olvidarse de la negra obligación que ahora aceleraba los latidos de sus venas, bajo el ardiente sol del mediodía.","translation":"He needed to talk with someone; to forget the black obligation that was now quickening the beat of his veins, under the burning midday sun.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Necesitaba / aceleraba","title":"Imperfect for a sustained state","body":"Both «necesitaba» ('he needed') and «aceleraba» ('was quickening') are imperfect. The imperfect paints conditions that stretch across the moment rather than snap shut — his standing need and the ongoing pounding of his pulse, not single finished acts."}],"words":[{"surface":"Necesitaba","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he needed"},{"surface":"conversar","lemma":"conversar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Necesitaba","gloss":"to talk"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alguien","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"alguien","lemma":"alguien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of conversar","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"olvidarse","lemma":"olvidar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with conversar","gloss":"to forget"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking obligación","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of obligación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"negra","lemma":"negro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies obligación","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"obligación","lemma":"obligación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of olvidarse","gloss":"obligation"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of aceleraba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aceleraba","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"aceleraba","lemma":"acelerar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying obligación","gloss":"was quickening"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of latidos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"latidos","lemma":"latido","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of aceleraba","gloss":"beat"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking venas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of venas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"venas","lemma":"vena","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies latidos","gloss":"veins"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sol","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ardiente","lemma":"ardiente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies sol","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aceleraba","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mediodía","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mediodía","lemma":"mediodía","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sol","gloss":"midday"}]},{"number":9,"label":"6","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p6-s1","source":"El Buscador de Oro le fue simpático.","translation":"He took a liking to the Gold Prospector.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le fue simpático","title":"«ser simpático a» (reverse construction)","body":"Like «gustar», «ser simpático a alguien» flips the English subject and object: literally 'the Gold Prospector was likeable to him', i.e. 'he found the Gold Prospector likeable' / 'he took a liking to him'. The «le» marks the person doing the liking."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buscador","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Buscador","lemma":"Buscador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of simpático","gloss":"Prospector"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buscador","gloss":"Gold"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of simpático","gloss":"to him","note":"Literally 'was likeable to him' — Spanish reverses subject and object compared to the English idiom 'took a liking to'."},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to simpático","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"simpático","lemma":"simpático","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"likeable"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p6-s2","source":"Por eso se acercó a él y le dijo:","translation":"So he went up to him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p6-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of acercó","gloss":"that","note":"'Por eso' = 'so' / 'for that reason'."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acercó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"acercó","lemma":"acercar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went up"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of acercó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with acercó","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":11,"label":"7","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p7-s1","source":"–¿Quiere usted acompañarme?","translation":"–Will you come with me?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you want"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of acompañarme","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"acompañarme","lemma":"acompañar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of Quiere","gloss":"to accompany me"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p7-s2","source":"Quisiera conversar con usted de «allá abajo».","translation":"I'd like to talk with you about \"down there\".","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p7-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quisiera","title":"Imperfect subjunctive as a softener","body":"«quisiera» is the imperfect subjunctive of «querer», used as a polite, tentative 'I would like'. It softens the request far more than the blunt present «quiero» ('I want') — a standard courtesy move in Spanish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quisiera","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I would like"},{"surface":"conversar","lemma":"conversar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of Quisiera","gloss":"to talk"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of conversar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking allá","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of conversar","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"abajo","lemma":"abajo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies allá","gloss":"down"}]},{"number":13,"label":"8","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p8-s1","source":"El otro lo observó con sus ojillos chispeantes, y luego dijo:","translation":"The other man watched him with his little sparkling eyes, and then said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ojillos","title":"Diminutive «-illo»","body":"«ojillos» is «ojos» ('eyes') with the diminutive «-illo». It renders them small and bright — 'little eyes' — and the suffix can carry a shade of affection or sly cunning, both fitting this character."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of observó","gloss":"other man"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of observó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"observó","lemma":"observar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojillos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ojillos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojillos","lemma":"ojillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of observó","gloss":"little eyes"},{"surface":"chispeantes","lemma":"chispeante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies ojillos","gloss":"sparkling"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with observó","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":14,"label":"9","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p9-s1","source":"–Cómo no.","translation":"–Of course.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Cómo no","title":"«Cómo no» = of course","body":"«Cómo no» is a fixed expression of ready agreement — 'of course', 'sure', 'by all means'. Despite the question words it is not really a question; it's an emphatic yes, very common in River Plate speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"how","note":"'¿Cómo no?' is a fixed idiom for 'of course' / 'sure', not literally 'how not'."},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Cómo","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p9-s2","source":"Encantado.","translation":"Delighted.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p9-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Encantado","lemma":"encantado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Delighted"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p9-s3","source":"Usted me ha sido muy simpático.","translation":"I've found you very likeable.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p9-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of simpático","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of simpático","gloss":"to me","note":"Literally 'you have been very likeable to me' — Spanish reverses subject and object compared to the English 'I've found you likeable'."},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of simpático","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"sido","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"copula linking to simpático","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies simpático","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"simpático","lemma":"simpático","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"likeable"}]},{"number":17,"label":"10","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p10-s1","source":"–Gracias.","translation":"–Thank you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gracias","lemma":"gracias","morphology":"noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Thank you"}]},{"number":18,"label":"11","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p11-s1","source":"–Sobre todo por lo que me ha dicho de usted el Astrólogo.","translation":"–Above all because of what the Astrologer has told me about you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo que","title":"«lo que» = what / that which","body":"«lo que» is a relative pronoun meaning 'what' in the sense of 'that which': «lo que me ha dicho» = 'what he has told me'. The neuter «lo» points to a whole idea or statement rather than to one named noun."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies dicho","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase Sobre","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dicho","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of dicho","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dicho","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dicho","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"dicho","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of dicho","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dicho","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p11-s2","source":"¿Sabe que es formidable su proyecto de hacer la revolución social con bacilos de peste?","translation":"Do you know your plan to make the social revolution with plague bacilli is formidable?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p11-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of formidable","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to formidable","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"formidable","lemma":"formidable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"formidable"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of proyecto","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"proyecto","lemma":"proyecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of formidable","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying proyecto","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of revolución","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"revolución","lemma":"revolución","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"revolution"},{"surface":"social","lemma":"social","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies revolución","gloss":"social"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bacilos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"bacilos","lemma":"bacilo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of hacer","gloss":"bacilli"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking peste","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"peste","lemma":"peste","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bacilos","gloss":"plague"}]},{"number":20,"label":"12","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p12-s1","source":"Erdosain levantó los ojos.","translation":"Erdosain raised his eyes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the","note":"Spanish uses the definite article with body parts where English uses a possessive ('his eyes')."},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of levantó","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p12-s2","source":"Le humillaban casi esos elogios.","translation":"Those praises almost humiliated him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p12-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Le humillaban esos elogios","title":"Subject after the verb","body":"The grammatical subject is «esos elogios» ('those praises'), which sits after the verb — «le humillaban esos elogios» = 'those praises humiliated him'. Spanish freely puts the subject last, with «le» marking Erdosain as the one affected."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of humillaban","gloss":"him","note":"Leísmo: 'le' stands in for the direct object 'lo' here, a common usage in Spanish."},{"surface":"humillaban","lemma":"humillar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"humiliated"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies humillaban","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of elogios","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"elogios","lemma":"elogio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of humillaban","gloss":"praises"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p12-s3","source":"¿Era posible que alguien le diera importancia a las teorías que pensaba?","translation":"Was it possible that anyone could attach importance to the theories he was thinking up?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p12-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que alguien le diera","title":"Subjunctive after «era posible que»","body":"Expressions of possibility («era posible que») trigger the subjunctive. «diera» is the imperfect subjunctive of «dar» ('to give'), used here because the clause is in the past — 'that anyone might give importance'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to posible","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"posible","lemma":"posible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"possible"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of diera","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"alguien","lemma":"alguien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of diera","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of diera","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"diera","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on posible","gloss":"could give"},{"surface":"importancia","lemma":"importancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of diera","gloss":"importance"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking teorías","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of teorías","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"teorías","lemma":"teoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of diera","gloss":"theories"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of pensaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pensaba","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying teorías","gloss":"was thinking up"}]},{"number":23,"label":"13","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p13-s1","source":"El Buscador de Oro insistió:","translation":"The Gold Prospector insisted:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buscador","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Buscador","lemma":"Buscador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of insistió","gloss":"Prospector"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buscador","gloss":"Gold"},{"surface":"insistió","lemma":"insistir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"insisted"}]},{"number":24,"label":"14","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s1","source":"–Eso y los gases asfixiantes es admirable.","translation":"–That and the asphyxiating gases, it's admirable.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of admirable","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of gases","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gases","lemma":"gas","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of admirable","gloss":"gases"},{"surface":"asfixiantes","lemma":"asfixiante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies gases","gloss":"asphyxiating"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to admirable","gloss":"is","note":"The verb stays singular even with a compound subject, treating 'that and the gases' as one idea."},{"surface":"admirable","lemma":"admirable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"admirable"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s2","source":"¿Se da cuenta?","translation":"Do you realize?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se da cuenta","title":"Pronominal «darse cuenta»","body":"«darse cuenta (de)» means 'to realize', 'to notice'. It is built around the reflexive «se» and is unrelated to «dar cuenta» without it ('to give an account'). Here «¿Se da cuenta?» is the polite «usted» form: 'Do you realize?'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of da","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with da","gloss":"account","note":"'Darse cuenta' is an idiom meaning 'to realize', literally 'to give oneself an account'."}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s3","source":"¡Dejar un botellón de acero en el Departamento de Policía, a la hora que está ese bandido de Santiago!","translation":"To leave a big steel flask in the Police Department, at the hour that bandit Santiago is there!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ese bandido de Santiago","title":"«de» of insult / apposition","body":"The pattern «noun + de + name» — «ese bandido de Santiago» — is an expressive construction: 'that bandit (of a) Santiago', i.e. 'that bandit Santiago'. The «de» links an epithet to the person it scorns."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dejar","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to leave"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of botellón","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"botellón","lemma":"botellón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Dejar","gloss":"big flask"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"acero","lemma":"acero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies botellón","gloss":"steel"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Departamento","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Departamento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Departamento","lemma":"Departamento","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of Dejar","gloss":"Department"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Policía","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Policía","lemma":"Policía","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Departamento","gloss":"Police"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hora","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of hora","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hora","lemma":"hora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Dejar","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of está","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hora","gloss":"is there"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bandido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"bandido","lemma":"bandido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"bandit"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Santiago","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Santiago","lemma":"Santiago","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies bandido","gloss":"Santiago"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s4","source":"¡Envenenarlos a todos los «tiras» como ratas!","translation":"Poison them all, the \"cops\", like rats!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tiras","title":"«tiras» (lunfardo)","body":"«tira» is Buenos Aires «lunfardo» slang for a plainclothes policeman or detective — a 'cop' with a contemptuous edge. The author flags it with «guillemets» because it is street argot, not standard Spanish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Envenenarlos","lemma":"envenenar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Poison them"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiras","gloss":"(marks object)","note":"Personal 'a' marking a definite human direct object — no separate English word."},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies tiras","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tiras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiras","lemma":"tira","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Envenenarlos","gloss":"cops","note":"'Tira' is Rioplatense slang for a plainclothes cop."},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ratas","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ratas","lemma":"rata","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies tiras","gloss":"rats"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s5","source":"–Y lanzó una carcajada tan estentórea que tres pájaros se desprendieron en un gran vuelo de arco de un limonero–.","translation":"–And he let out a guffaw so booming that three birds broke loose in a great arcing flight from a lemon tree–.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tan estentórea que","title":"«tan… que» (result clause)","body":"«tan» + adjective + «que» expresses degree and consequence: «tan estentórea que tres pájaros se desprendieron» = 'so booming that three birds broke loose'. The dashes mark this as the narrator's interjection inside the character's speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies lanzó","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"lanzó","lemma":"lanzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let out"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of carcajada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"carcajada","lemma":"carcajada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of lanzó","gloss":"guffaw"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estentórea","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"estentórea","lemma":"estentóreo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies carcajada","gloss":"booming"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desprendieron","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pájaros","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"pájaros","lemma":"pájaro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of desprendieron","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desprendieron","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"desprendieron","lemma":"desprender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on estentórea","gloss":"broke loose"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vuelo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vuelo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"gran","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies vuelo","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"vuelo","lemma":"vuelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desprendieron","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arco","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"arco","lemma":"arco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vuelo","gloss":"arc"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking limonero","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of limonero","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"limonero","lemma":"limonero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vuelo","gloss":"lemon tree"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s6","source":"Sí, amigo Erdosain, usted es un coloso.","translation":"Yes, friend Erdosain, you are a colossus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"interjection","role":"independent interjection","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name amigo","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of coloso","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to coloso","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coloso","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"coloso","lemma":"coloso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"colossus"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s7","source":"Peste y cloro.","translation":"Plague and chlorine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Peste","lemma":"peste","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Plague"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cloro","lemma":"cloro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Peste","gloss":"chlorine"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s8","source":"¿Sabe que revolucionaremos esta ciudad?","translation":"Do you know we'll turn this city upside down?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of revolucionaremos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"revolucionaremos","lemma":"revolucionar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of Sabe","gloss":"we'll revolutionize"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciudad","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ciudad","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of revolucionaremos","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s9","source":"Ya me lo imagino ese día, los comerciantes saliendo como vizcachas asustadas de sus madrigueras y nosotros limpiando de inmundicia el planeta con una ametralladora.","translation":"I can just picture that day, the shopkeepers scurrying like frightened viscachas out of their burrows and us scouring the filth off the planet with a machine gun.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p14-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies imagino","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of imagino","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of imagino","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"imagino","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I picture"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of imagino","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of comerciantes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"comerciantes","lemma":"comerciante","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of saliendo","gloss":"shopkeepers"},{"surface":"saliendo","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on imagino","gloss":"scurrying out"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vizcachas","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"vizcachas","lemma":"vizcacha","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of saliendo","gloss":"viscachas"},{"surface":"asustadas","lemma":"asustado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies vizcachas","gloss":"frightened"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking madrigueras","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of madrigueras","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"madrigueras","lemma":"madriguera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies vizcachas","gloss":"burrows"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"subject of limpiando","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"limpiando","lemma":"limpiar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with saliendo","gloss":"scouring"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inmundicia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"inmundicia","lemma":"inmundicia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of limpiando","gloss":"filth"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of planeta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"planeta","lemma":"planeta","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of limpiando","gloss":"planet"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ametralladora","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ametralladora","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ametralladora","lemma":"ametralladora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of limpiando","gloss":"machine gun"}]},{"number":33,"label":"15","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p15-s1","source":"Doscientos cincuenta tiros por minuto.","translation":"Two hundred fifty shots a minute.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p15-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Doscientos","lemma":"doscientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies tiros","gloss":"Two hundred"},{"surface":"cincuenta","lemma":"cincuenta","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies tiros","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"tiros","lemma":"tiro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"shots"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking minuto","gloss":"per"},{"surface":"minuto","lemma":"minuto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tiros","gloss":"minute"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p15-s2","source":"Una papa.","translation":"A cinch.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p15-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Una papa","title":"«una papa» = a cinch","body":"Literally 'a potato', «una papa» is River Plate slang for something dead easy — 'a piece of cake', 'a cinch'. It says the slaughter would be effortless, the casual cruelty making the line all the more chilling."}],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of papa","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"papa","lemma":"papa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cinch","note":"'Una papa' is Rioplatense slang for something easy — literally 'a potato'."}]},{"number":35,"label":"16","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p16-s1","source":"Y después cortinas de cloro o de fosgeno... ¡Ah!, habría que publicar en los diarios sus proyectos, créame...","translation":"And then curtains of chlorine or phosgene... Ah!, your plans really ought to be published in the papers, believe me...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p16-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"habría que publicar","title":"«habría que» + infinitive","body":"«habría que» is the conditional of «hay que»: 'one would have to', 'they ought to'. The conditional softens the impersonal obligation into a hypothetical — 'your plans ought to be published'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cortinas","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"cortinas","lemma":"cortina","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"depends on habría","gloss":"curtains"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cloro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cloro","lemma":"cloro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cortinas","gloss":"chlorine"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fosgeno","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fosgeno","lemma":"fosgeno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with cloro","gloss":"phosgene"},{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on habría","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"habría","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there would"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase habría","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"publicar","lemma":"publicar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of habría","gloss":"be published"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diarios","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of diarios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"diarios","lemma":"diario","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of publicar","gloss":"papers"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of proyectos","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"proyectos","lemma":"proyecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of publicar","gloss":"plans"},{"surface":"créame","lemma":"creer yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"independent clause: believe me","gloss":"believe me"}]},{"number":36,"label":"17","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p17-s1","source":"Erdosain interrumpió el panegírico con esta pregunta:","translation":"Erdosain interrupted the panegyric with this question:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p17-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of interrumpió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"interrumpió","lemma":"interrumpir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"interrupted"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of panegírico","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"panegírico","lemma":"panegírico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of interrumpió","gloss":"panegyric"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pregunta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pregunta","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"pregunta","lemma":"pregunta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of interrumpió","gloss":"question"}]},{"number":37,"label":"18","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p18-s1","source":"–¿Así que usted encontró el oro, no?... el oro...","translation":"–So you found the gold, right?... the gold...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p18-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Así que","title":"«Así que» = so / so then","body":"«Así que» introduces a conclusion drawn from what was just said — 'so', 'so then'. In dialogue it often opens a checking question: «¿Así que usted encontró el oro?» = 'So you found the gold?'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encontró","gloss":"So"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Así","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of encontró","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"encontró","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of encontró","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encontró","gloss":"right?","note":"Tag-question 'no?' here means 'right?' / 'isn't that so?', not simple negation."},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of encontró","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":38,"label":"19","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p19-s1","source":"–Supongo que no creerá en esa novela de los «placeres».","translation":"–I suppose you don't believe that tall tale about the \"placers\".","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p19-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"placeres","title":"«placeres» = placers","body":"Here «placeres» does not mean 'pleasures' but is the mining term 'placers' — surface deposits where gold is washed from sand or gravel. The «guillemets» flag the specialized prospecting sense."}],"words":[{"surface":"Supongo","lemma":"suponer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I assume"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of creerá","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creerá","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"creerá","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Supongo","gloss":"will believe"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking novela","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of novela","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"novela","lemma":"novela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of creerá","gloss":"tall tale"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking placeres","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of placeres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"placeres","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies novela","gloss":"placers","note":"'Placer' here is the mining term for a gold deposit, not 'pleasure'."}]},{"number":39,"label":"20","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p20-s1","source":"–¿Cómo novela?","translation":"–What do you mean, a tall tale?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p20-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies novela","gloss":"What do you mean","note":"'¿Cómo X?' echoes a word back to challenge it — 'What do you mean, X?'"},{"surface":"novela","lemma":"novela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tall tale"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p20-s2","source":"¿Así que el oro...?","translation":"So the gold...?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p20-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"So"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Así","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Así","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":41,"label":"21","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p21-s1","source":"–Existe, claro que existe... pero hay que encontrarlo.","translation":"–It exists, of course it exists... but you have to find it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p21-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Existe","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"It exists"},{"surface":"claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existe","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of existe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"existe","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Existe","gloss":"it exists"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Existe","gloss":"you have"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase hay","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"encontrarlo","lemma":"encontrar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of hay","gloss":"find it"}]},{"number":42,"label":"22","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p22-s1","source":"Tan profunda era la decepción de Erdosain, que el Buscador de Oro agregó:","translation":"So deep was Erdosain's disappointment that the Gold Prospector added:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p22-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tan profunda era… que","title":"Fronted «tan… que»","body":"The degree predicate («Tan profunda era la decepción de Erdosain») is fronted for emphasis; the result clause («que el Buscador de Oro agregó») stays in its normal final position. Instead of «la decepción era tan profunda que…», Arlt writes «Tan profunda era la decepción… que…» = 'So deep was the disappointment that…'. Spanish allows this inversion to throw weight onto the adjective."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies profunda","gloss":"So"},{"surface":"profunda","lemma":"profundo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to decepción","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of decepción","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"decepción","lemma":"decepción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"disappointment"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies decepción","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause with agregó (tan...que)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buscador","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Buscador","lemma":"Buscador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of agregó","gloss":"Prospector"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buscador","gloss":"Gold"},{"surface":"agregó","lemma":"agregar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the que-clause (result of tan...que)","gloss":"added"}]},{"number":43,"label":"23","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p23-s1","source":"–Vea, hermano... yo hablé con usted porque el Astrólogo me dijo que podía hacerlo.","translation":"–Look, brother... I spoke with you because the Astrologer told me I could.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p23-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Vea","title":"«Vea» (usted imperative)","body":"«Vea» is the formal «usted» command of «ver» ('to see'), used here as a discourse opener — 'Look', 'See here'. The «-a» ending (rather than «-e») marks the polite imperative of an «-er» verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular (usted)","role":"discourse marker addressing hermano","gloss":"Look","note":"Formal (usted) imperative of ver, used here as a discourse marker meaning 'Look/Listen.'"},{"surface":"hermano","lemma":"hermano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of hablé","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hablé","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of hablé","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dijo","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hablé","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of podía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hacerlo","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"hacerlo","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of podía","gloss":"do it"}]},{"number":44,"label":"24","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p24-s1","source":"–Sí, pero yo creía...","translation":"–Yes, but I thought...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p24-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"yo creía","title":"Imperfect «creía»","body":"«creía» is the imperfect of «creer» — 'I used to think', 'I was thinking'. It frames a belief he held over time, now trailing off; the preterite «creí» would instead point to one momentary act of believing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of creía","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"creía","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Sí","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":45,"label":"25","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p25-s1","source":"–¿Qué?","translation":"–What?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p25-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"What"}]},{"number":46,"label":"26","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p26-s1","source":"–Que entre tantas mentiras, ésa sería una de las pocas verdades.","translation":"–That among so many lies, that one would be one of the few truths.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p26-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sería","title":"Conditional in reported thought","body":"«sería» is the conditional of «ser» ('would be'). It is the future-in-the-past: from his earlier vantage point he expected that this 'would be' one of the rare truths, so the conditional reports that expectation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"continues creía (previous line): introduces the clause of sería","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mentiras","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"tantas","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mentiras","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"mentiras","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sería","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ésa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sería","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to una","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking verdades","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of verdades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pocas","lemma":"poco","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"modifies verdades","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"verdades","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of una","gloss":"truths"}]},{"number":47,"label":"27","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s1","source":"–En el fondo es verdad.","translation":"–Deep down it's true.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"En el fondo","title":"«en el fondo»","body":"«en el fondo» literally 'at the bottom' is an idiom meaning 'deep down', 'basically', 'when it comes down to it'. It introduces the underlying truth beneath appearances."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fondo","gloss":"In","note":"'En el fondo' is an idiom meaning 'deep down, basically.'"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fondo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fondo","lemma":"fondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of es","gloss":"bottom"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to verdad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"verdad","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"true"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s2","source":"El oro existe... hay que encontrarlo, nada más.","translation":"The gold exists... you just have to find it, that's all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of existe","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"existe","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exists"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"impersonal main verb of the second clause (hay que = must)","gloss":"must","note":"'Hay que' + infinitive is an impersonal construction meaning 'one must/has to.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"completes hay que, introduces encontrarlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"encontrarlo","lemma":"encontrar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hay que","gloss":"find it"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"independent tag phrase (nada más = that's all)","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s3","source":"Usted debía alegrarse de que todo se esté organizando para ir a buscarlo.","translation":"You ought to be glad that everything is being organized to go after it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"de que todo se esté organizando","title":"Subjunctive after emotion","body":"«alegrarse de que» ('to be glad that') expresses emotion, so the following verb is subjunctive: «se esté organizando» = 'is being organized'. Spanish requires the subjunctive whenever a feeling, not a fact, governs the clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of alegrarse","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"debía","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of alegrarse","gloss":"ought to"},{"surface":"alegrarse","lemma":"alegrar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be glad"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of esté organizando","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of esté organizando","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of esté organizando","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"passive particle of organizando","gloss":"[passive marker, not independently translated]","note":"Here se + verb forms a passive: 'is being organized,' not a literal reflexive action."},{"surface":"esté","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of organizando","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"organizando","lemma":"organizar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clausal complement of alegrarse","gloss":"organized"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of buscarlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ir","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of buscarlo","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of buscarlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"buscarlo","lemma":"buscar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of ir, purpose clause on organizando","gloss":"find it"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s4","source":"¿O cree que esos animales se moverán si no fueran empujados por las mentiras extraordinarias?","translation":"Or do you think those animals would budge if they weren't pushed along by extraordinary lies?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si no fueran empujados","title":"«si» + imperfect subjunctive","body":"A hypothetical condition takes the imperfect subjunctive after «si»: «si no fueran empujados» = 'if they weren't pushed'. «fueran» is the passive auxiliary here ('were [being] pushed'), setting up a contrary-to-fact scenario."}],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"conjunction linking to the previous sentence","gloss":"Or"},{"surface":"cree","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of moverán","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of animales","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"animales","lemma":"animal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of moverán","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of moverán","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"moverán","lemma":"mover","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of cree","gloss":"budge"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of empujados","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies empujados","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fueran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of empujados","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"empujados","lemma":"empujar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"adverbial clause on moverán","gloss":"pushed"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mentiras","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mentiras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mentiras","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of empujados","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"extraordinarias","lemma":"extraordinario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mentiras","gloss":"extraordinary"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s5","source":"¡Ah! cuánto he pensado.","translation":"Ah! how much I have thought.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation, independent","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"cuánto","lemma":"cuánto","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of pensado","gloss":"how much"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pensado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"pensado","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s6","source":"En eso estriba lo grande de la teoría del Astrólogo: los hombres se sacuden sólo con mentiras.","translation":"On that rests the greatness of the Astrologer's theory: men only shake themselves awake with lies.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo grande","title":"«lo» + adjective = the [quality]","body":"Neuter «lo» plus an adjective turns it into an abstract noun: «lo grande» = 'the greatness', 'what is great'. «lo falso» later in the chapter likewise means 'what is false'. It is a key Spanish way of nominalizing a quality."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of estriba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estriba","lemma":"estribar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rests"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"nominalizer of grande (lo grande = the great part)","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of estriba (nominalized: lo grande)","gloss":"greatness","note":"'Lo' + adjective forms an abstract noun: 'lo grande' = 'the great part, the greatness.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking teoría","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of teoría","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"teoría","lemma":"teoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies grande","gloss":"theory"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies teoría","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of sacuden","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sacuden","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"sacuden","lemma":"sacudir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the second clause (explains estriba)","gloss":"shake"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sacuden","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mentiras","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mentiras","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sacuden","gloss":"lies"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s7","source":"El le da a lo falso la consistencia de lo cierto; gentes que no hubieran caminando jamás para alcanzar nada, tipos deshechos por todas las desilusiones, resucitan en la virtud de sus mentiras.","translation":"He gives what is false the solidity of what is true; people who would never have walked a step to reach anything, types undone by every disillusion, come back to life by the power of his lies.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tipos","title":"«tipos» = guys / types","body":"«tipo» colloquially means a 'guy', a 'fellow', or, dismissively, a 'type'. In the plural «tipos deshechos» = 'wrecked types', 'guys broken by disillusion'. It is informal, everyday River Plate register."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, third-person, masculine, singular","role":"subject of da","gloss":"He","note":"'El' here (without an accent) is the subject pronoun 'he' (él), not the article 'the' — a common older-text spelling."},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of da","gloss":"to it"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking falso","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of falso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"falso","lemma":"falso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"nominalized by lo, indirect object of da","gloss":"false"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of consistencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"consistencia","lemma":"consistencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of da","gloss":"solidity"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cierto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cierto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"nominalized by lo, modifies consistencia","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"gentes","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of resucitan (coordinated with tipos)","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of caminando","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies caminando","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hubieran","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of caminando","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"caminando","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clause modifying gentes","gloss":"walked","note":"The source has the gerund 'caminando' where standard Spanish would use the participle 'caminado' after 'hubieran'; sense is 'would have walked.'"},{"surface":"jamás","lemma":"jamás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies caminando","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of alcanzar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"alcanzar","lemma":"alcanzar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on caminando","gloss":"reach"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of alcanzar","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"tipos","lemma":"tipo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of resucitan (coordinated with gentes)","gloss":"types"},{"surface":"deshechos","lemma":"deshecho","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies tipos","gloss":"undone"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desilusiones","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of desilusiones","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of desilusiones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desilusiones","lemma":"desilusión","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of deshechos","gloss":"disillusionments"},{"surface":"resucitan","lemma":"resucitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"come back to life"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking virtud","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of virtud","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"virtud","lemma":"virtud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of resucitan","gloss":"power","note":"'En virtud de' is an idiom meaning 'by virtue/power of.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mentiras","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of mentiras","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mentiras","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies virtud","gloss":"lies"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s8","source":"¿Quiere usted, acaso, algo más grande?","translation":"Do you want, perhaps, anything greater?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"acaso","title":"«acaso» in a question","body":"Inside a question «acaso» means 'perhaps', 'by any chance' and often colors it rhetorically — expecting the answer 'no'. «¿Quiere usted, acaso, algo más grande?» half-implies 'surely you don't want anything greater'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Want"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of Quiere","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"acaso","lemma":"acaso","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Quiere","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of Quiere","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grande","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"big"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s9","source":"Fíjese que en la realidad ocurre lo mismo y nadie lo condena.","translation":"Notice that in reality the same thing happens and no one condemns it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Fíjese","title":"«Fíjese» (pronominal imperative)","body":"«Fíjese» is the «usted» command of pronominal «fijarse» ('to notice', 'to pay attention'), with «se» attached to the end — 'notice', 'mark this'. It is a common way to point a listener at something."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fíjese","lemma":"fijarse","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Notice"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ocurre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking realidad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of realidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ocurre","gloss":"reality"},{"surface":"ocurre","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Fíjese","gloss":"happens"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mismo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ocurre","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of condena","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of condena","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"condena","lemma":"condenar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with ocurre","gloss":"condemns"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s10","source":"Sí, todas las cosas son apariencias... dése cuenta... no hay hombre que no admita las pequeñas y estúpidas mentiras que rigen el funcionamiento de nuestra sociedad.","translation":"Yes, all things are appearances... realize it... there is no man who does not accept the petty, stupid lies that govern how our society works.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no hay hombre que no admita","title":"Subjunctive in a negated antecedent","body":"When the thing described is denied or doubtful, the relative verb goes subjunctive: «no hay hombre que no admita» = 'there is no man who does not accept'. «admita» is subjunctive because «no hay hombre» makes the antecedent nonexistent."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection, independent","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of son","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to apariencias","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"apariencias","lemma":"apariencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of son","gloss":"appearances"},{"surface":"dése","lemma":"darse","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the imperative clause","gloss":"realize","note":"'Darse cuenta' (imperative 'dese cuenta') is an idiom meaning 'to realize, to notice.'"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the idiom dese cuenta","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"impersonal main verb of the clause (hay = there is)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of admita","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies admita","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"admita","lemma":"admitir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"accept"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mentiras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pequeñas","lemma":"pequeño","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mentiras","gloss":"petty"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"estúpidas","lemma":"estúpido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mentiras","gloss":"stupid"},{"surface":"mentiras","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of admita","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of rigen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"rigen","lemma":"regir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying mentiras","gloss":"govern"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of funcionamiento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"funcionamiento","lemma":"funcionamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rigen","gloss":"workings"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies funcionamiento","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s11","source":"¿Cuál es el pecado del Astrólogo?","translation":"What is the Astrologer's sin?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cuál","lemma":"cuál","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to pecado","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pecado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pecado","lemma":"pecado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"sin"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies pecado","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s12","source":"Substituir una mentira insignificante por una mentira elocuente, enorme, trascendental.","translation":"To replace an insignificant lie with an eloquent, enormous, far-reaching one.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Substituir… por","title":"«substituir A por B»","body":"«substituir una cosa por otra» means 'to replace one thing with another' — note the preposition is «por», not 'with'. The infinitive «substituir» here answers the question 'what is his sin?' with the act itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Substituir","lemma":"substituir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Replace"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mentira","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Substituir","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"insignificante","lemma":"insignificante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies mentira","gloss":"insignificant"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mentira","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mentira","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Substituir (object of por)","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"elocuente","lemma":"elocuente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies mentira","gloss":"eloquent"},{"surface":"enorme","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies mentira","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"trascendental","lemma":"trascendental","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies mentira","gloss":"far-reaching"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s13","source":"El Astrólogo, con sus falsedades, no parece un hombre extraordinario, y no lo es... y lo es; lo es... porque no saca provecho personal de sus mentiras, y no lo es porque él no hace otra cosa que aplicar un principio viejo puesto en uso por todos los estafadores y reorganizadores de la humanidad.","translation":"The Astrologer, with his falsehoods, does not seem an extraordinary man, and he isn't... and he is; he is... because he draws no personal profit from his lies, and he isn't because all he does is apply an old principle put to use by every swindler and reorganizer of humanity.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no lo es / lo es","title":"«lo» standing in for a predicate","body":"The neuter «lo» replaces a whole predicate already named — here 'extraordinary'. «y no lo es… y lo es» = 'and he isn't [extraordinary]… and he is [it]'. Spanish keeps this «lo» where English would just repeat or imply the adjective."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of parece","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking falsedades","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of falsedades","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"falsedades","lemma":"falsedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of parece","gloss":"falsehoods"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies parece","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seem"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parece","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"extraordinario","lemma":"extraordinario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es (refers to hombre extraordinario)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to lo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es (refers to hombre extraordinario)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to lo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es (emphatic repetition)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to lo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of saca","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies saca","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"saca","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on es (explains lo es)","gloss":"draws"},{"surface":"provecho","lemma":"provecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of saca","gloss":"profit"},{"surface":"personal","lemma":"personal","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies provecho","gloss":"personal"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mentiras","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of mentiras","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mentiras","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of saca","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es (refers to hombre extraordinario)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to lo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hace","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hace","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hace","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on es (explains no lo es)","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hace","gloss":"thing","note":"'No hacer otra cosa que' + infinitive is an idiom meaning 'to do nothing but, all one does is.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of aplicar","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"aplicar","lemma":"aplicar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of cosa","gloss":"apply"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of principio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"principio","lemma":"principio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of aplicar","gloss":"principle"},{"surface":"viejo","lemma":"viejo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies principio","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"puesto","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"participial clause modifying principio","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uso","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"uso","lemma":"uso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of puesto","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estafadores","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of estafadores","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of estafadores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estafadores","lemma":"estafador","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of puesto (agent)","gloss":"swindlers"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"reorganizadores","lemma":"reorganizador","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with estafadores","gloss":"reorganizers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking humanidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of humanidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"humanidad","lemma":"humanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies estafadores y reorganizadores","gloss":"humanity"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s14","source":"Si algún día se escribe la historia de ese hombre, los que la lean y tengan un poco de sangre fría, se dirán: Era grande, porque para alcanzar de cualquier charlatán.","translation":"If one day the story of that man is written, those who read it and keep a little cold blood will say to themselves: He was great, because to attain it like any charlatan.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"los que la lean y tengan","title":"Subjunctive for a future indefinite reader","body":"«los que la lean y tengan» ('those who read it and keep') uses the subjunctive because the readers are hypothetical, unknown future people. Spanish takes the subjunctive in relative clauses whose antecedent is not yet a definite, actual person."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of escribe","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"algún","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of escribe","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"passive particle of escribe","gloss":"[passive marker, not independently translated]"},{"surface":"escribe","lemma":"escribir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on dirán","gloss":"is written"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of historia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"historia","lemma":"historia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of escribe","gloss":"story"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies historia","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"antecedent of que, subject of lean (los que = those who)","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of lean","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of lean","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"lean","lemma":"leer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying los","gloss":"read"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tengan","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with lean","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tengan","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sangre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sangre","lemma":"sangre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies poco","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"fría","lemma":"frío","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sangre","gloss":"cold","note":"'Sangre fría' (literally 'cold blood') is an idiom for composure, a cool head."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dirán","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"dirán","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will say"},{"surface":"Era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to grande","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of Era (quoted speech, complement of dirán)","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of alcanzar","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of alcanzar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"alcanzar","lemma":"alcanzar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on grande","gloss":"attain","note":"This clause is elliptical/incomplete in the source text ('para alcanzar de cualquier charlatán' does not follow standard Spanish syntax); rendered here as literally as possible."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking charlatán","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cualquier","lemma":"cualquiera","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of charlatán","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"charlatán","lemma":"charlatán","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of alcanzar","gloss":"charlatan"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s15","source":"Y lo que a nosotros nos parece novelesco, e inquietante, no es nada más que la zozobra de los espíritus débiles y mediocres, que sólo creen en el éxito cuando los medios para alcanzarlo son complicados, misteriosos, y no simples.","translation":"And what strikes us as novelistic and unsettling is nothing but the anguish of weak, mediocre spirits, who believe in success only when the means to reach it are complicated, mysterious, and not simple.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"zozobra","title":"«zozobra»","body":"«zozobra» is deep anxiety or dread — the uneasy foundering of the spirit (the word also means a boat capsizing). It is a favorite Arlt register for the gnawing dread that haunts his characters."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"forms lo que (subject of parece), with que","gloss":"what","note":"lo que means 'that which/what' — lo is the neuter article and que is the relative pronoun; together they form the clause's subject."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of parece (relative pronoun, forms lo que with lo)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nosotros","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"object of a, doubles the dative nos (parece = seems to us)","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of parece","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the subject clause lo que ... parece (modifies lo)","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"novelesco","lemma":"novelesco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parece","gloss":"novelistic"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inquietante","lemma":"inquietante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with novelesco","gloss":"unsettling"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es (no es nada más que = is nothing but)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb, links the subject clause (lo que...) to nada","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate complement of es (with más que)","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase nada","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the complement la zozobra... (nada más que = nothing but)","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of zozobra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zozobra","lemma":"zozobra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of nada más que (predicate of es)","gloss":"anguish"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espíritus","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of espíritus","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espíritus","lemma":"espíritu","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de, modifies zozobra","gloss":"spirits"},{"surface":"débiles","lemma":"débil","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies espíritus","gloss":"weak"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mediocres","lemma":"mediocre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with débiles","gloss":"mediocre"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of creen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creen","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"creen","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying espíritus","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking éxito","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of éxito","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"éxito","lemma":"éxito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of en (creer en = believe in)","gloss":"success"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the temporal clause modifying creen","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of medios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"medios","lemma":"medio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of son","gloss":"means"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the purpose clause modifying medios","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"alcanzarlo","lemma":"alcanzar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying medios","gloss":"reach it"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to complicados","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"complicados","lemma":"complicado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of son (with cuando, modifies creen)","gloss":"complicated"},{"surface":"misteriosos","lemma":"misterioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with complicados","gloss":"mysterious"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies simples","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"simples","lemma":"simple","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with complicados","gloss":"simple"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s16","source":"Y sin embargo usted debía saber que los grandes actos son sencillos, como la prueba del huevo de Colón.","translation":"And yet you ought to know that great acts are simple, like the trick of Columbus's egg.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p27-s16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom sin embargo (however/nevertheless)","gloss":"however","note":"sin embargo is a fixed idiom meaning 'nevertheless/however' (literally 'without hindrance')."},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom sin embargo (however)","gloss":"nevertheless"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of saber","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"debía","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of saber","gloss":"ought to"},{"surface":"saber","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of debía (main verb phrase)","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the object clause of saber","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of actos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grandes","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies actos","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"actos","lemma":"acto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of son","gloss":"acts"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to sencillos","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"sencillos","lemma":"sencillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of son","gloss":"simple"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison 'como la prueba...' (modifies sencillos)","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of prueba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"prueba","lemma":"prueba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of como (comparison)","gloss":"trick"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huevo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"huevo","lemma":"huevo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies prueba","gloss":"egg"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Colón","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Colón","lemma":"Colón","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies huevo","gloss":"Columbus"}]},{"number":63,"label":"28","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p28-s1","source":"–¿La verdad de la mentira?","translation":"–The truth of the lie?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p28-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of verdad","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"verdad","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mentira","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mentira","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies verdad","gloss":"lie"}]},{"number":64,"label":"29","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p29-s1","source":"–Eso mismo.","translation":"–That's exactly it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p29-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Eso","gloss":"exactly"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p29-s2","source":"Lo que hay es que a nosotros nos falta el coraje para enormes empresas.","translation":"The thing is that we lack the courage for enormous undertakings.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p29-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nos falta el coraje","title":"«faltar» (reverse construction)","body":"Like «gustar», «faltar» flips subject and object: «nos falta el coraje» literally 'the courage is lacking to us', i.e. 'we lack the courage'. The thing missing («el coraje») is the grammatical subject; «nos» marks who is short of it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms lo que (subject of es), 'the thing that'","gloss":"The thing","note":"lo que hay es que... is an idiom for 'the thing is that...' or 'what there is, is that...'."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hay (forms lo que, subject of es)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the clause lo que hay (subject of es)","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the complement clause of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nosotros","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"object of a, doubles the dative nos (falta = is lacking to)","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of falta","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"falta","lemma":"faltar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"lack"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coraje","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"coraje","lemma":"coraje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of falta","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking empresas","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"enormes","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies empresas","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"empresas","lemma":"empresa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of para (modifies coraje)","gloss":"undertakings"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p29-s3","source":"Nos imaginamos que la administración de un Estado es más complicada que la de una modesta casa, y en los sucesos ponemos un exceso de novelería, de romanticismo idiota.","translation":"We imagine that running a State is more complicated than running a modest household, and into events we pour an excess of melodrama, of idiotic romanticism.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p29-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"novelería","title":"«novelería»","body":"«novelería» is a taste for the novelesque — a craving for sensational, fictional drama, 'melodrama' or 'fanciful storytelling'. The Prospector accuses ordinary people of dressing plain events up like a cheap novel."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of imaginamos (imaginarse)","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"imaginamos","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we imagine"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the object clause of imaginamos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of administración","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"administración","lemma":"administración","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Estado","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Estado","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Estado","lemma":"estado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies administración","gloss":"State"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to complicada","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies complicada","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"complicada","lemma":"complicado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"complicated"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison (más...que)","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"stands for la administración (elliptical), object of comparison","gloss":"that","note":"la here stands in for 'la administración' (elliptical) — 'that of a modest house' means 'the running of a modest house.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"modesta","lemma":"modesto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"modest"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of de, complement of la (elliptical for administración)","gloss":"household"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sucesos","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sucesos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sucesos","lemma":"suceso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of en, modifies ponemos","gloss":"events"},{"surface":"ponemos","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with imaginamos","gloss":"pour"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of exceso","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"exceso","lemma":"exceso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ponemos","gloss":"excess"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking novelería","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"novelería","lemma":"novelería","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies exceso","gloss":"melodrama"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking romanticismo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"romanticismo","lemma":"romanticismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with novelería","gloss":"romanticism"},{"surface":"idiota","lemma":"idiota","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies romanticismo","gloss":"idiotic"}]},{"number":67,"label":"30","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p30-s1","source":"–¿Pero usted en su conciencia siente, quiero decir, la realidad le da una impresión a usted de que tendremos éxito?","translation":"–But in your conscience do you feel, I mean, does reality give you the impression that we'll succeed?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p30-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies siente","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of siente","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conciencia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of conciencia","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"conciencia","lemma":"conciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of siente","gloss":"conscience"},{"surface":"siente","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"parenthetical (quiero decir = I mean)","gloss":"I want"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiero","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of realidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of da","gloss":"reality"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of da (dative, doubled by a usted)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause (parallel to siente)","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impresión","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"impresión","lemma":"impresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of da","gloss":"impression"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"object of a, doubles the dative le (indirect object of da)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of de que, introduces the clause modifying impresión","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause modifying impresión (de que = that)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tendremos","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"verb of the clause modifying impresión (de que tendremos éxito)","gloss":"we'll have"},{"surface":"éxito","lemma":"éxito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tendremos","gloss":"success"}]},{"number":68,"label":"31","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p31-s1","source":"–Completamente, y créame... seremos cuando menos los dueños del país... si no del mundo.","translation":"–Completely, and believe me... we'll be at the very least the masters of the country... if not of the world.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p31-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cuando menos","title":"«cuando menos» = at the very least","body":"«cuando menos» is a set phrase meaning 'at least', 'at the very least' — interchangeable with «por lo menos». It sets the floor of the boast: masters of the country at minimum, perhaps of the world."}],"words":[{"surface":"Completamente","lemma":"completamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies seremos","gloss":"Completely"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"créame","lemma":"creer yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person (formal usted), singular, with clitic me","role":"coordinated with the previous clause (y)","gloss":"believe me"},{"surface":"seremos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll be"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the idiom cuando menos (at least)","gloss":"at","note":"cuando menos is an idiom meaning 'at least,' not literally 'when less.'"},{"surface":"menos","lemma":"menos","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom cuando menos (at least)","gloss":"least"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dueños","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dueños","lemma":"dueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of seremos","gloss":"masters"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking país","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"país","lemma":"país","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dueños","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the elliptical clause si no del mundo (if not of the world)","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates the elided clause (si no del mundo)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of del, parallel to país (elliptical: [seremos dueños] del mundo)","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":69,"label":"32","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s1","source":"Tenemos que serlo.","translation":"We have to be it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tenemos","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"We have"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the infinitive complement (tener que = have to)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"serlo","lemma":"ser él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Tenemos (tener que ser + lo)","gloss":"be it","note":"the clitic lo in serlo stands in for 'dueños' (masters) from the previous line, avoiding repetition: 'to be it' = 'to be masters.'"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s2","source":"Lo que proyecta el Astrólogo es la salvación del alma de los hombres agotados por la mecanización de nuestra civilización.","translation":"What the Astrologer is planning is the salvation of the souls of men worn out by the mechanization of our civilization.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms lo que (subject of es)","gloss":"What","note":"lo que means 'what/that which' — together lo and que form the subject of the sentence."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of proyecta (forms lo que with lo)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"proyecta","lemma":"proyectar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the clause lo que proyecta el Astrólogo (subject of es)","gloss":"is planning"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of proyecta","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to salvación","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of salvación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"salvación","lemma":"salvación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"salvation"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alma","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies salvación","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"agotados","lemma":"agotado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies hombres","gloss":"worn out"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mecanización","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mecanización","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mecanización","lemma":"mecanización","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of por (agent of agotados)","gloss":"mechanization"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking civilización","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of civilización","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"civilización","lemma":"civilización","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mecanización","gloss":"civilization"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s3","source":"Ya no hay ideales.","translation":"There are no more ideals.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ya no","title":"«ya no» = no longer","body":"«ya no» means 'no longer', 'not anymore': «ya no hay ideales» = 'there are no longer any ideals'. Don't confuse it with «todavía no» ('not yet'); «ya no» marks something that has ceased."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ideales","lemma":"ideal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"ideals"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s4","source":"No hay símbolos buenos ni malos.","translation":"There are no symbols, good or bad.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"símbolos","lemma":"símbolo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"symbols"},{"surface":"buenos","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies símbolos","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"malos","lemma":"malo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with buenos","gloss":"bad"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s5","source":"El Astrólogo, vez pasada hablaba de colonias que fundaban en el antiguo mundo los vagos que no se encontraban bien en su país.","translation":"The Astrologer, the other time, was talking about colonies that the drifters who didn't feel at home in their own country used to found in the old world.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fundaban… los vagos","title":"Imperfect + late subject","body":"«fundaban» is imperfect ('used to found', a habitual past action), and its subject «los vagos» ('the drifters') again comes after the verb and its object. Spanish word order is flexible enough to delay the subject to the end of the clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of hablaba","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hablaba","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"pasada","lemma":"pasado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vez","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"hablaba","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was talking"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking colonias","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"colonias","lemma":"colonia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of de (hablar de = talk about)","gloss":"colonies"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of fundaban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fundaban","lemma":"fundar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying colonias","gloss":"used to found"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"antiguo","lemma":"antiguo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fundaban","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of vagos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vagos","lemma":"vago","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of fundaban","gloss":"drifters"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of encontraban","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encontraban","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encontraban","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"encontraban","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying vagos","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encontraban","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking país","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of país","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"país","lemma":"país","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encontraban","gloss":"country"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s6","source":"Nosotros haremos lo mismo, pero dándole a la Sociedad un sentido de juego enérgico... juego que seduce hasta el alma de los tenderos cuando van al cinematógrafo a ver una aventura de cowboys.","translation":"We will do the same, but giving the Society a sense of vigorous play... play that seduces even the soul of shopkeepers when they go to the cinema to watch a cowboy adventure.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cinematógrafo","title":"«cinematógrafo»","body":"«cinematógrafo» is the period word for the 'cinema' or 'movies' — the full term that later shortened to «cine». It dates the scene to the late 1920s, when going to the «cinematógrafo» was a new popular pastime."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"subject of haremos","gloss":"We"},{"surface":"haremos","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will do"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mismo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of haremos","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"dándole","lemma":"dar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause, coordinated with haremos (pero + gerund)","gloss":"giving"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sociedad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Sociedad","lemma":"Sociedad","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of a, indirect object of dándole (doubled by le)","gloss":"Society"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sentido","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sentido","lemma":"sentido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dándole","gloss":"sense"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking juego","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"juego","lemma":"juego","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sentido","gloss":"play"},{"surface":"enérgico","lemma":"enérgico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies juego","gloss":"vigorous"},{"surface":"juego","lemma":"juego","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of seduce (resumes/restates juego)","gloss":"play"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of seduce","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"seduce","lemma":"seducir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying juego","gloss":"seduces"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alma","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of seduce","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tenderos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tenderos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tenderos","lemma":"tendero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"shopkeepers"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of van","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on seduce","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cinematógrafo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"cinematógrafo","lemma":"cinematógrafo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of van","gloss":"cinema"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ver","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of van","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of aventura","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"aventura","lemma":"aventura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ver","gloss":"adventure"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cowboys","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cowboys","lemma":"cowboy","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies aventura","gloss":"cowboys"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s7","source":"¿Qué sabe usted, hermano, de los líos que pensamos armar?...","translation":"What do you know, brother, of the messes we mean to stir up?...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"líos / armar","title":"«armar un lío»","body":"«un lío» is a mess, a tangle, a ruckus; «armar» here means 'to cause' or 'to kick up'. «los líos que pensamos armar» = 'the trouble we intend to stir up' — colloquial and a little gleeful."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of sabe","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hermano","lemma":"hermano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to usted","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking líos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of líos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"líos","lemma":"lío","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de, modifies Qué","gloss":"messes"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of armar (líos que pensamos armar)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pensamos","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clause modifying líos","gloss":"we mean to"},{"surface":"armar","lemma":"armar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pensamos","gloss":"stir up"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s8","source":"En último extremo sembraremos bombas de trinitrotolueno para divertirnos un poco con el espanto de la canalla.","translation":"As a last resort we'll sow trinitrotoluene bombs to amuse ourselves a little with the terror of the rabble.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p32-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"canalla","title":"«la canalla»","body":"«la canalla» is a collective noun of contempt — 'the rabble', 'the riffraff', 'the scum'. It treats a whole crowd of people as a single despicable mass, matching the Prospector's icy disdain."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking extremo","gloss":"as","note":"en último extremo is an idiom meaning 'as a last resort.'"},{"surface":"último","lemma":"último","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies extremo","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"extremo","lemma":"extremo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sembraremos","gloss":"resort"},{"surface":"sembraremos","lemma":"sembrar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll sow"},{"surface":"bombas","lemma":"bomba","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of sembraremos","gloss":"bombs"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trinitrotolueno","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"trinitrotolueno","lemma":"trinitrotolueno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bombas","gloss":"trinitrotoluene"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of divertirnos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"divertirnos","lemma":"divertir yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sembraremos","gloss":"amuse ourselves"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial modifier of divertirnos (un poco = a little)","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espanto","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espanto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espanto","lemma":"espanto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of divertirnos","gloss":"terror"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking canalla","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of canalla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"canalla","lemma":"canalla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies espanto","gloss":"rabble"}]},{"number":77,"label":"33","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p33-s1","source":"¿Qué cree usted que eran las viejas patotas y los malevos del arrabal?","translation":"What do you think the old gangs and the toughs of the slums were?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p33-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"patotas / malevos / arrabal","title":"«patota», «malevo», «arrabal» (lunfardo)","body":"Three Buenos Aires words: a «patota» is a roving gang of toughs; a «malevo» is a knife-carrying neighborhood hard man of the early-century underworld; the «arrabal» is the rough city outskirts, the slum edge mythologized in tango. Together they paint the porteño street world."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"extracted predicate of eran (Qué cree usted que eran = what do you think ... were)","gloss":"What","note":"Qué has moved from being the predicate of eran ('What were the gangs?') to the front of the whole sentence, jumping over cree usted que — a common Spanish pattern for embedded questions."},{"surface":"cree","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of cree","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the object clause of cree","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula; subject is las patotas y malevos, predicate is Qué (fronted)","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of patotas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"viejas","lemma":"viejo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies patotas","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"patotas","lemma":"patota","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of eran","gloss":"gangs","note":"patota is Argentine lunfardo (slang) for a street gang, especially one that harassed passersby."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of malevos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"malevos","lemma":"malevo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with patotas","gloss":"toughs","note":"malevo is lunfardo slang for a tough or petty hoodlum figure of old Buenos Aires."},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arrabal","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"arrabal","lemma":"arrabal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies malevos","gloss":"slums"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p33-s2","source":"Hombres que no habían encontrado cauces donde lanzar su energía.","translation":"Men who had found no channels into which to fling their energy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p33-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Men"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of encontrado","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encontrado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"habían","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of encontrado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"encontrado","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying Hombres","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"cauces","lemma":"cauce","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of encontrado","gloss":"channels"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative adverb, introduces clause modifying cauces (donde = into which)","gloss":"into which"},{"surface":"lanzar","lemma":"lanzar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying cauces","gloss":"fling"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of energía","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"energía","lemma":"energía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of lanzar","gloss":"energy"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p33-s3","source":"Y entonces la desfogaban estropeándolo a un cajetilla o a un turco.","translation":"And so they vented it by roughing up some dandy or some Turk.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p33-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cajetilla / turco","title":"«cajetilla» and «turco» (lunfardo)","body":"«cajetilla» is porteño slang for a foppish, well-dressed city boy — a 'dandy' or 'swell', said with scorn. «turco» ('Turk') was the catch-all street label for Middle Eastern immigrants (often Syrian-Lebanese). Both name the easy targets of the «malevo»'s violence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies desfogaban","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies desfogaban","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of desfogaban","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"desfogaban","lemma":"desfogar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"vented"},{"surface":"estropeándolo","lemma":"estropear él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause, adverbial modifier of desfogaban (by roughing him up)","gloss":"roughing up"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking cajetilla, doubles the clitic lo","gloss":"marks object","note":"The personal a here has no English equivalent — it marks (and doubles) the human direct object already given by the clitic lo, a common Rioplatense construction."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cajetilla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cajetilla","lemma":"cajetilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to lo (doubles the object), object of a","gloss":"dandy","note":"cajetilla is lunfardo slang for a foppish, well-dressed young man — a dandy."},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking turco, doubles the clitic lo","gloss":"marks object"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of turco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"turco","lemma":"turco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with cajetilla","gloss":"Turk","note":"turco was a colloquial (often loose) label in early-20th-century Argentina for immigrants from the Middle East, not necessarily Turks."}]},{"number":80,"label":"34","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p34-s1","source":"Vea... Comodoro... Puerto Madryn, Trelew, Esquel, Arroyo Pescado, Camo Chileno, conozco todos los caminos y todas las soledades... Créalo... organizaremos un cuerpo de juventud admirable –se había entusiasmado–.","translation":"Look... Comodoro... Puerto Madryn, Trelew, Esquel, Arroyo Pescado, Camo Chileno, I know every road and every wilderness... Believe it... we'll organize a body of admirable young men –he had grown excited–.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p34-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted), singular","role":"depends on conozco","gloss":"Look"},{"surface":"Comodoro","lemma":"Comodoro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"first in the list of place names","gloss":"Comodoro"},{"surface":"Puerto","lemma":"Puerto","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Comodoro","gloss":"Puerto"},{"surface":"Madryn","lemma":"Madryn","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Puerto","gloss":"Madryn"},{"surface":"Trelew","lemma":"Trelew","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Comodoro","gloss":"Trelew"},{"surface":"Esquel","lemma":"Esquel","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Comodoro","gloss":"Esquel"},{"surface":"Arroyo","lemma":"Arroyo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Comodoro","gloss":"Arroyo"},{"surface":"Pescado","lemma":"Pescado","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Arroyo","gloss":"Pescado"},{"surface":"Camo","lemma":"Camo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Comodoro","gloss":"Campo","note":"Likely a variant/misprint of 'Campo' — the same place is spelled 'Campo Chileno' elsewhere in this passage."},{"surface":"Chileno","lemma":"Chileno","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Camo","gloss":"Chilean"},{"surface":"conozco","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies caminos","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of caminos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caminos","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of conozco","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"quantifies soledades","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of soledades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soledades","lemma":"soledad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with caminos","gloss":"wildernesses"},{"surface":"Créalo","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted), singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Believe it"},{"surface":"organizaremos","lemma":"organizar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll organize"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuerpo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cuerpo","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of organizaremos","gloss":"corps"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking juventud","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"juventud","lemma":"juventud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cuerpo","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"admirable","lemma":"admirable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies juventud","gloss":"admirable"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of entusiasmado","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of entusiasmado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"entusiasmado","lemma":"entusiasmar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the parenthetical","gloss":"grown excited"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p34-s2","source":"¿Usted cree que no hay oro?","translation":"You think there's no gold?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p34-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of cree","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"cree","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hay","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of cree","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p34-s3","source":"Me recuerda a las criaturas que en la mesa tienen los ojos más grandes que el estómago.","translation":"You remind me of the children who at the table have eyes bigger than their stomachs.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p34-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"criaturas","title":"«criaturas» = small children","body":"«criatura» literally a 'creature' is the everyday word for a small child, a 'little one'. «las criaturas… tienen los ojos más grandes que el estómago» applies the familiar 'eyes bigger than the stomach' image to children at the table."}],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of recuerda","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"recuerda","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remind"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking criaturas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of criaturas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"criaturas","lemma":"criatura","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of recuerda","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tienen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mesa","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mesa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mesa","lemma":"mesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tienen","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"tienen","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying criaturas","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tienen","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grandes","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"grandes","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies ojos","gloss":"bigger"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estómago","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of estómago","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estómago","lemma":"estómago","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of grandes","gloss":"stomach"}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p34-s4","source":"En nuestro país todo es oro.","translation":"In our country everything is gold.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p34-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking país","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"nuestro","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of país","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"país","lemma":"país","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies es","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to oro","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":84,"label":"35","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p35-s1","source":"Erdosain sentíase arrastrado por el calor del otro.","translation":"Erdosain felt himself swept along by the other man's heat.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p35-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sentíase","title":"Enclitic pronoun «sentíase»","body":"«sentíase» is «se sentía» ('he felt himself') with the pronoun «se» attached to the end of the verb. This enclitic placement on a conjugated verb is a literary, slightly archaic touch Arlt favors in the narration."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sentíase","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"sentíase","lemma":"sentir él","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt himself","note":"Archaic literary word order: 'sentíase' = 'se sentía' ('felt himself'), with the reflexive pronoun attached to the end of the verb."},{"surface":"arrastrado","lemma":"arrastrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sentíase","gloss":"swept along"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking calor","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of calor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"calor","lemma":"calor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrastrado","gloss":"heat"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies calor","gloss":"other man"}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p35-s2","source":"El Buscador de Oro hablaba convulsivamente, guiñando los ojos, levantando ya una ceja, ya la otra, zamarreándolo amistosamente por el brazo.","translation":"The Gold Prospector spoke convulsively, winking, raising now one eyebrow, now the other, shaking him by the arm in a friendly way.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p35-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ya una ceja, ya la otra","title":"«ya… ya…» = now… now…","body":"Repeated «ya… ya…» means 'now… now…', 'first one… then the other'. «ya una ceja, ya la otra» = 'now one eyebrow, now the other', describing the alternation of his restless face."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buscador","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Buscador","lemma":"Buscador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of hablaba","gloss":"Prospector"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buscador","gloss":"Gold"},{"surface":"hablaba","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"convulsivamente","lemma":"convulsivamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablaba","gloss":"convulsively"},{"surface":"guiñando","lemma":"guiñar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on hablaba","gloss":"winking"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of guiñando","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"levantando","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on hablaba","gloss":"raising"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies levantando","gloss":"now","note":"'ya... ya...' is a set pattern meaning 'now... now...' / 'first... then...', marking alternation between two things."},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ceja","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ceja","lemma":"ceja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of levantando","gloss":"eyebrow"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies otra","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of otra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of levantando","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"zamarreándolo","lemma":"zamarrear","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on hablaba","gloss":"shaking him"},{"surface":"amistosamente","lemma":"amistosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies zamarreándolo","gloss":"in a friendly way"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazo","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of brazo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazo","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of zamarreándolo","gloss":"arm"}]},{"number":86,"label":"36","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s1","source":"–Créame, Erdosain... hay mucho oro... más del que se puede imaginar usted... pero no es ésa la realidad.","translation":"–Believe me, Erdosain... there's a lot of gold... more than you can imagine... but that's not the reality.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"más del que se puede imaginar","title":"«más del que» comparison","body":"Before a clause, 'more than' becomes «más del que / de lo que», not «más que». «más del que se puede imaginar» = 'more than one can imagine'. The «del que» agrees with masculine «oro» understood."}],"words":[{"surface":"Créame","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted), singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Believe me"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative, addressed by Créame","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there's"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"a lot of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of imaginar","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of imaginar","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of imaginar","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"imaginar","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying más","gloss":"imagine"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of imaginar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to realidad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ésa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of realidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"reality"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s2","source":"Hay otra: el tiempo que se va.","translation":"There's another: the time that slips away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"There's"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Hay","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to otra","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of va","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of va","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying tiempo","gloss":"slips"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s3","source":"Esquel, Arroyo Pescado, Río Pico... Campo Chileno... leguas... caminos de días y días... y usted sabe, sabe que para sacar el certificado de un caballo que no vale diez pesos se camina semanas, el tiempo no vale nada... Todo es grande... enorme... eterno allá.","translation":"Esquel, Arroyo Pescado, Río Pico... Campo Chileno... leagues... roads of days and days... and you know, you know that to get the certificate for a horse not worth ten pesos you walk for weeks, time is worth nothing... Everything is vast... enormous... eternal out there.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se camina semanas","title":"Impersonal «se»","body":"«se camina semanas» uses impersonal «se» — 'one walks for weeks', 'you walk for weeks' with no specific subject. Spanish uses «se» + a third-person verb to make a general, subjectless statement about what happens."}],"words":[{"surface":"Esquel","lemma":"Esquel","morphology":"proper noun","role":"first in the list of place names","gloss":"Esquel"},{"surface":"Arroyo","lemma":"Arroyo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Esquel","gloss":"Arroyo"},{"surface":"Pescado","lemma":"Pescado","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Arroyo","gloss":"Pescado"},{"surface":"Río","lemma":"Río","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Esquel","gloss":"Río"},{"surface":"Pico","lemma":"Pico","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Río","gloss":"Pico"},{"surface":"Campo","lemma":"Campo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Esquel","gloss":"Campo"},{"surface":"Chileno","lemma":"Chileno","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Campo","gloss":"Chilean"},{"surface":"leguas","lemma":"legua","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with Esquel","gloss":"leagues"},{"surface":"caminos","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with Esquel","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking días","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies caminos","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with días","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"repeats sabe for emphasis","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clausal complement of sabe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sacar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sacar","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on camina","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of certificado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"certificado","lemma":"certificado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sacar","gloss":"certificate"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caballo","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caballo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"caballo","lemma":"caballo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies certificado","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of vale","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vale","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vale","lemma":"valer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying caballo","gloss":"is worth"},{"surface":"diez","lemma":"diez","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of vale","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of camina","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"camina","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sabe","gloss":"walk"},{"surface":"semanas","lemma":"semana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"duration complement of camina","gloss":"weeks"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vale","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vale","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vale","lemma":"valer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parallel clause to camina","gloss":"is worth"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of vale","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"Todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"Everything"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to grande","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"enorme","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies grande","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"eterno","lemma":"eterno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies grande","gloss":"eternal"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grande","gloss":"out there"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s4","source":"Tiene que convencerse.","translation":"You have to convince yourself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of convencerse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"convencerse","lemma":"convencer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of Tiene","gloss":"convince yourself"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s5","source":"Me acuerdo cuando con la Máscara íbamos por Arroyo Pescado.","translation":"I remember when the Mask and I would travel through Arroyo Pescado.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"con la Máscara íbamos","title":"«con X» for 'X and I'","body":"River Plate Spanish often says «con la Máscara íbamos» where the first-person plural verb «íbamos» already includes the speaker — literally 'with the Mask we went', meaning 'the Mask and I went'. The companion is named with «con», and the 'I' lives inside the verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"indirect object of acuerdo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"acuerdo","lemma":"acordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of íbamos","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Máscara","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Máscara","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Máscara","lemma":"Máscara","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of íbamos","gloss":"Mask"},{"surface":"íbamos","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on acuerdo","gloss":"would travel"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Arroyo","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"Arroyo","lemma":"Arroyo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of íbamos","gloss":"Arroyo"},{"surface":"Pescado","lemma":"Pescado","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Arroyo","gloss":"Pescado"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s6","source":"No sólo oro... el oro rojo...","translation":"Not only gold... the red gold...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies sólo","gloss":"Not"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oro","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"rojo","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oro","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s7","source":"Allá se salvan las almas que enfermó la civilización.","translation":"Out there the souls that civilization sickened are saved.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que enfermó la civilización","title":"Subject after the verb in a relative clause","body":"«las almas que enfermó la civilización» = 'the souls that civilization sickened'. The relative «que» is the object, and the subject «la civilización» follows the verb «enfermó» — a normal Spanish order that can trip up English readers expecting 'that-subject-verb'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies salvan","gloss":"Out there"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of salvan","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"salvan","lemma":"salvar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of almas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"almas","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of salvan","gloss":"souls"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of enfermó","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"enfermó","lemma":"enfermar","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying almas","gloss":"sickened"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of civilización","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"civilización","lemma":"civilización","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of enfermó","gloss":"civilization"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s8","source":"Enviaremos a la montaña a todos los nuestros.","translation":"We will send all our own people to the mountains.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Enviaremos","lemma":"enviar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"We will send"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montaña","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of montaña","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montaña","lemma":"montaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Enviaremos","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks the human direct object los nuestros","gloss":"marks object","note":"This is the 'personal a' — required before a human direct object, not translated as 'to'."},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies nuestros","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of nuestros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuestros","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Enviaremos","gloss":"our own people"}]},{"number":94,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s9","source":"Vea... yo tengo veintisiete años... y me he jugado la piel a balazos varias veces –sacó el revólver–.","translation":"Look... I'm twenty-seven... and I've risked my hide in gunfights several times –he drew the revolver–.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"jugarse la piel","title":"«jugarse la piel»","body":"«jugarse la piel» literally 'to gamble one's skin' is an idiom for 'to risk one's neck', 'to put one's life on the line'. The pronominal «jugarse» (rather than plain «jugar», 'to play') marks the stake as one's own self."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted), singular","role":"depends on tengo","gloss":"Look"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of tengo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have","note":"'tener + [number] años' = 'to be [number] years old' (literally 'to have X years')."},{"surface":"veintisiete","lemma":"veintisiete","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies años","gloss":"twenty-seven"},{"surface":"años","lemma":"año","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tengo","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"indirect object of jugado","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of jugado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"jugado","lemma":"jugar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with tengo","gloss":"risked"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piel","lemma":"piel","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of jugado","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking balazos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"balazos","lemma":"balazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of jugado","gloss":"gunfights"},{"surface":"varias","lemma":"varios","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of jugado","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"sacó","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parallel clause to jugado","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of revólver","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"revólver","lemma":"revólver","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sacó","gloss":"revolver"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s10","source":"¿Ve aquel gorrión? –estaba a cincuenta pasos, levantó el revólver hasta su mentón, apretó el disparador y el sonar al estampido el pájaro se desprendió verticalmente de la rama–.","translation":"See that sparrow? –it was fifty paces off, he raised the revolver to his chin, squeezed the trigger, and at the crack of the shot the bird dropped straight down off the branch–.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"al estampido","title":"«al» + noun of moment","body":"«al» before a noun (or infinitive) marks the instant something happens: «al estampido» = 'at the report', 'at the crack of the shot'. It is the same time-compressing «al» you meet in «al abrir la puerta» ('on opening the door')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ve","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"See"},{"surface":"aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gorrión","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"gorrión","lemma":"gorrión","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Ve","gloss":"sparrow"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to pasos","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pasos","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"cincuenta","lemma":"cincuenta","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pasos","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"pasos","lemma":"paso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of estaba","gloss":"paces"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estaba","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of revólver","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"revólver","lemma":"revólver","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of levantó","gloss":"revolver"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mentón","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mentón","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mentón","lemma":"mentón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of levantó","gloss":"chin"},{"surface":"apretó","lemma":"apretar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estaba","gloss":"squeezed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of disparador","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"disparador","lemma":"disparador","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of apretó","gloss":"trigger"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sonar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sonar","lemma":"sonar","morphology":"verb, infinitive (used as a noun)","role":"adverbial phrase modifying desprendió","gloss":"crack"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estampido","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"estampido","lemma":"estampido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sonar","gloss":"shot"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pájaro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pájaro","lemma":"pájaro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of desprendió","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desprendió","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"desprendió","lemma":"desprender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with apretó","gloss":"dropped"},{"surface":"verticalmente","lemma":"verticalmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies desprendió","gloss":"straight down"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rama","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of rama","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rama","lemma":"rama","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desprendió","gloss":"branch"}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s11","source":"¿Ha visto?","translation":"Did you see?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"visto","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s12","source":"Así me he jugado muchas veces la piel.","translation":"That's how I've risked my hide many times.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jugado","gloss":"That's how"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"indirect object of jugado","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of jugado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"jugado","lemma":"jugar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"risked"},{"surface":"muchas","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of jugado","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piel","lemma":"piel","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of jugado","gloss":"hide"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s13","source":"No hay que estar triste.","translation":"There's no need to be sad.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"estar triste","title":"«estar» for a mood","body":"Sadness is a passing state, so it takes «estar», not «ser»: «estar triste» = 'to be sad (right now)'. «ser triste» would instead mean 'to be a sad thing' by nature. The «estar/ser» split tracks state versus essence."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to triste","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of estar","gloss":"sad"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s14","source":"Vea, tengo veintisiete años.","translation":"Look, I'm twenty-seven.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted), singular","role":"depends on tengo","gloss":"Look"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"veintisiete","lemma":"veintisiete","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies años","gloss":"twenty-seven"},{"surface":"años","lemma":"año","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tengo","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s15","source":"Arroyo Pescado, Esquel, Río Pico, Campo Chileno... todas las soledades serán nuestras... organizaremos la escolta de la Alegría Nueva... La Orden de los Caballeros del Oro Rojo...","translation":"Arroyo Pescado, Esquel, Río Pico, Campo Chileno... all the wildernesses will be ours... we'll organize the escort of the New Joy... The Order of the Knights of the Red Gold...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Arroyo","lemma":"Arroyo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"first in the list of place names","gloss":"Arroyo"},{"surface":"Pescado","lemma":"Pescado","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Arroyo","gloss":"Pescado"},{"surface":"Esquel","lemma":"Esquel","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Arroyo","gloss":"Esquel"},{"surface":"Río","lemma":"Río","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Arroyo","gloss":"Río"},{"surface":"Pico","lemma":"Pico","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Río","gloss":"Pico"},{"surface":"Campo","lemma":"Campo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Arroyo","gloss":"Campo"},{"surface":"Chileno","lemma":"Chileno","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Campo","gloss":"Chilean"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"quantifies soledades","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of soledades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soledades","lemma":"soledad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of serán","gloss":"wildernesses"},{"surface":"serán","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to nuestras","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"nuestras","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ours"},{"surface":"organizaremos","lemma":"organizar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll organize"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of escolta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"escolta","lemma":"escolta","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"direct object of organizaremos","gloss":"escort"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Alegría","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Alegría","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Alegría","lemma":"Alegría","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies escolta","gloss":"Joy"},{"surface":"Nueva","lemma":"Nueva","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Alegría","gloss":"New"},{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Orden","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Orden","lemma":"Orden","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Order"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Caballeros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of Caballeros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Caballeros","lemma":"Caballeros","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Orden","gloss":"Knights"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Caballeros","gloss":"Gold"},{"surface":"Rojo","lemma":"Rojo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Oro","gloss":"Red"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s16","source":"Usted cree que estoy exaltado.","translation":"You think I'm carried away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of cree","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"cree","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of exaltado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to exaltado","gloss":"I'm"},{"surface":"exaltado","lemma":"exaltado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of cree","gloss":"carried away"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s17","source":"¡No, hombre!","translation":"No, man!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on No","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s18","source":"Hay que haber estado allá para darse cuenta.","translation":"You have to have been out there to realize it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Have to"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estado","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"haber","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of estado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"estado","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Hay","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estado","gloss":"out there"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of darse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"darse","lemma":"dar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose clause modifying estado","gloss":"realize"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with darse","gloss":"it","note":"'darse cuenta (de algo)' is a set idiom meaning 'to realize/notice (something)'."}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s19","source":"Y en esas circunstancias uno concibe la necesidad, la imprescindible necesidad de una aristocracia natural.","translation":"And in those circumstances one conceives the need, the indispensable need, of a natural aristocracy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"uno concibe","title":"Impersonal «uno»","body":"«uno» ('one') is used as a generalized human subject — 'one conceives', 'you come to feel'. It lets the speaker state a universal experience while keeping himself half inside it, a softer alternative to impersonal «se»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies concibe","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking circunstancias","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of circunstancias","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"circunstancias","lemma":"circunstancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of concibe","gloss":"circumstances"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of concibe","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"concibe","lemma":"concebir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"conceives"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of necesidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"necesidad","lemma":"necesidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of concibe","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of necesidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"imprescindible","lemma":"imprescindible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies necesidad","gloss":"indispensable"},{"surface":"necesidad","lemma":"necesidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to necesidad","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aristocracia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of aristocracia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"aristocracia","lemma":"aristocracia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies necesidad","gloss":"aristocracy"},{"surface":"natural","lemma":"natural","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies aristocracia","gloss":"natural"}]},{"number":105,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s20","source":"Desafiando la soledad, los peligros, la tristeza, el sol, lo infinito de la llanura, uno se siente otro hombre... distinto del rebaño de esclavos que agoniza en la ciudad.","translation":"Defying the solitude, the dangers, the sadness, the sun, the infinitude of the plain, one feels oneself another man... different from the herd of slaves agonizing in the city.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s20.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"rebaño","title":"«rebaño» = flock / herd","body":"«rebaño» is a flock or herd of animals; used of people it is openly contemptuous — 'the herd'. «el rebaño de esclavos» frames the city-dwellers as cattle, a recurring image in the Prospector's elitist creed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Desafiando","lemma":"desafiar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on siente","gloss":"defying"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of soledad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soledad","lemma":"soledad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Desafiando","gloss":"solitude"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of peligros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"peligros","lemma":"peligro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Desafiando","gloss":"dangers"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tristeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tristeza","lemma":"tristeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Desafiando","gloss":"sadness"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Desafiando","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of infinito","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"infinito","lemma":"infinito","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Desafiando","gloss":"infinitude"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking llanura","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of llanura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"llanura","lemma":"llanura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies infinito","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of siente","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of siente","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"siente","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feels"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of siente","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"distinto","lemma":"distinto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to hombre","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rebaño","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"rebaño","lemma":"rebaño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies distinto","gloss":"herd"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esclavos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esclavos","lemma":"esclavo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies rebaño","gloss":"slaves"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of agoniza","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"agoniza","lemma":"agonizar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying rebaño","gloss":"is agonizing"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciudad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciudad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudad","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of agoniza","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s21","source":"¿Sabe usted lo que es el proletariado, anarquista, socialista, de nuestras ciudades?","translation":"Do you know what the proletariat, anarchist, socialist, of our cities is?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of Sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun, subject of es","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to proletariado","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proletariado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"proletariado","lemma":"proletariado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"proletariat"},{"surface":"anarquista","lemma":"anarquista","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies proletariado","gloss":"anarchist"},{"surface":"socialista","lemma":"socialista","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies proletariado","gloss":"socialist"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciudades","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nuestras","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ciudades","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ciudades","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies proletariado","gloss":"cities"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s22","source":"Un rebaño de cobardes.","translation":"A herd of cowards.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rebaño","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rebaño","lemma":"rebaño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"herd"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobardes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cobardes","lemma":"cobarde","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"modifies rebaño","gloss":"cowards"}]},{"number":108,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s23","source":"En vez de irse a romper el alma a la montaña y a los campos, prefieren las comodidades y los divertimentos a la heroica soledad del desierto.","translation":"Instead of going off to break their souls in the mountains and the fields, they prefer comforts and amusements to the heroic solitude of the wilderness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s23.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"En vez de irse","title":"«en vez de» + infinitive","body":"«en vez de» ('instead of') is followed by the infinitive: «en vez de irse» = 'instead of going off'. The pronominal «irse» ('to leave', 'to go away') adds the sense of departing for good, not merely going."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of romper","gloss":"instead of","note":"'en vez de' is a fixed phrase meaning 'instead of' — the three words don't translate one-for-one."},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase En","gloss":"instead of"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase En","gloss":"instead of"},{"surface":"irse","lemma":"irse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"object of En vez de","gloss":"going off"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of romper","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"romper","lemma":"romper","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of irse","gloss":"break","note":"'romper(se) el alma' is an idiom for working or striving to exhaustion, not literal self-harm."},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of romper","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montaña","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of montaña","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montaña","lemma":"montaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of romper","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking campos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of campos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"campos","lemma":"campo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with montaña","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"prefieren","lemma":"preferir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"prefer"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of comodidades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"comodidades","lemma":"comodidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of prefieren","gloss":"comforts"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of divertimentos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"divertimentos","lemma":"divertimento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with comodidades","gloss":"amusements"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soledad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of soledad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"heroica","lemma":"heroico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies soledad","gloss":"heroic"},{"surface":"soledad","lemma":"soledad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of prefieren","gloss":"solitude"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desierto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"desierto","lemma":"desierto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies soledad","gloss":"wilderness"}]},{"number":109,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s24","source":"¿Qué harían las fábricas, las casas de modas, los mil mecanismos parasitarios de la ciudad si los hombres se fueran al desierto... si cada uno de ellos levantara su tienda allá abajo?","translation":"What would the factories, the fashion houses, the thousand parasitic mechanisms of the city do if men went off to the wilderness... if each of them pitched his tent down there?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s24.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"harían… si… se fueran / levantara","title":"Conditional + imperfect subjunctive","body":"This is a classic contrary-to-fact sentence: the main clause is conditional («harían», 'would do') and the «si» clause is imperfect subjunctive («se fueran», «levantara», 'went', 'pitched'). Spanish pairs these two tenses to imagine what would happen under an unreal condition."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of harían","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"harían","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would do"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fábricas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fábricas","lemma":"fábrica","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of harían","gloss":"factories"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of casas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casas","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of harían","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking modas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"modas","lemma":"moda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies casas","gloss":"fashion"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of mecanismos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies mecanismos","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"mecanismos","lemma":"mecanismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with casas","gloss":"mechanisms"},{"surface":"parasitarios","lemma":"parasitario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies mecanismos","gloss":"parasitic"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciudad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciudad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudad","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mecanismos","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fueran","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of fueran","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of fueran","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"fueran","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on harían","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desierto","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"desierto","lemma":"desierto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fueran","gloss":"wilderness"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of levantara","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of uno","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of levantara","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ellos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"modifies uno","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"levantara","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on harían","gloss":"pitched"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tienda","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"tienda","lemma":"tienda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of levantara","gloss":"tent"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial phrase with abajo, modifies levantara","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"abajo","lemma":"abajo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies levantara","gloss":"down"}]},{"number":110,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s25","source":"¿Comprende usted ahora por qué estoy con el Astrólogo?","translation":"Do you understand now why I'm with the Astrologer?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comprende","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of Comprende","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Comprende","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of estoy","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Comprende","gloss":"I'm"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of estoy","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":111,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s26","source":"Nosotros los jóvenes crearemos la vida nueva; sí, nosotros.","translation":"We the young will create the new life; yes, we.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"subject of crearemos","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of jóvenes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jóvenes","lemma":"joven","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of crearemos","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"crearemos","lemma":"crear","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will create"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of crearemos","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"nueva","lemma":"nuevo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"interjection","role":"emphasizes nosotros","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"restates subject (Nosotros)","gloss":"we"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s27","source":"Estableceremos una aristocracia bandida.","translation":"We will establish an outlaw aristocracy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Estableceremos","lemma":"establecer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we will establish"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of aristocracia","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"aristocracia","lemma":"aristocracia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Estableceremos","gloss":"aristocracy"},{"surface":"bandida","lemma":"bandido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies aristocracia","gloss":"outlaw"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s28","source":"A los intelectuales contagiados del idiotismo de Tolstoi los fusilaremos, y el resto a trabajar para nosotros.","translation":"The intellectuals infected with the idiocy of Tolstoy we'll shoot, and the rest off to work for us.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s28.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"A los intelectuales… los fusilaremos","title":"Fronted object doubled by «los»","body":"The object is moved to the front and then echoed by «los»: «A los intelectuales… los fusilaremos» = 'the intellectuals… we'll shoot them'. The personal «a» marks the human object, and the resumptive «los» is required once it is fronted."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking intelectuales","gloss":"marks object","note":"Personal 'a': required before a human direct object (los intelectuales), not translated."},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of intelectuales","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"intelectuales","lemma":"intelectual","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"fronted direct object of fusilaremos","gloss":"intellectuals"},{"surface":"contagiados","lemma":"contagiado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies intelectuales","gloss":"infected"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking idiotismo","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"idiotismo","lemma":"idiotismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of contagiados","gloss":"idiocy"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tolstoi","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Tolstoi","lemma":"Tolstoi","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies idiotismo","gloss":"Tolstoy"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of fusilaremos","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"fusilaremos","lemma":"fusilar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll shoot"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of resto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"resto","lemma":"resto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with intelectuales","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of trabajar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"trabajar","lemma":"trabajar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying resto","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nosotros","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of trabajar","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":114,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s29","source":"Por eso lo admiro a Mussolini.","translation":"That's why I admire Mussolini.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s29.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo admiro a Mussolini","title":"Doubled object pronoun","body":"River Plate Spanish doubles a personal direct object with both the pronoun and the noun: «lo admiro a Mussolini» carries «lo» ('him') and «a Mussolini» on the same verb. English says simply 'I admire Mussolini'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"that's why","note":"'por eso' = 'that's why / so' — idiom, literally 'for that'."},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of admiro","gloss":"that's why"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of admiro","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"admiro","lemma":"admirar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I admire"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mussolini","gloss":"marks object"},{"surface":"Mussolini","lemma":"Mussolini","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of admiro","gloss":"Mussolini"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s30","source":"En ese país de mandolinistas estableció el uso del bastón y aquel reinado de opereta se convirtió del día a la noche en el mastín del Mediterráneo.","translation":"In that country of mandolin players he established the use of the cudgel and that operetta reign turned overnight into the mastiff of the Mediterranean.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s30.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"del día a la noche","title":"«del día a la noche»","body":"«del día a la noche» (more often «de la noche a la mañana») is an idiom for a sudden, total change — 'overnight', 'from one day to the next'. It stresses how abruptly the 'operetta kingdom' is said to have hardened."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking país","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of país","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"país","lemma":"país","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estableció","gloss":"country"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mandolinistas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mandolinistas","lemma":"mandolinista","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies país","gloss":"mandolin players"},{"surface":"estableció","lemma":"establecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he established"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of uso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"uso","lemma":"uso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of estableció","gloss":"use"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bastón","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"bastón","lemma":"bastón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies uso","gloss":"cudgel"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of reinado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"reinado","lemma":"reinado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of convirtió","gloss":"reign"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking opereta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"opereta","lemma":"opereta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies reinado","gloss":"operetta"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of convirtió","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"convirtió","lemma":"convertir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estableció","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking día","gloss":"from the","note":"'del día a la noche' = 'overnight' (idiom, lit. 'from the day to the night')."},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of convirtió","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking noche","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of convirtió","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mastín","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mastín","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mastín","lemma":"mastín","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of convirtió","gloss":"mastiff"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mediterráneo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Mediterráneo","lemma":"Mediterráneo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies mastín","gloss":"Mediterranean"}]},{"number":116,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s31","source":"Las ciudades son los cánceres del mundo.","translation":"Cities are the cancers of the world.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ciudades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudades","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of son","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to cánceres","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cánceres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cánceres","lemma":"cáncer","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of son","gloss":"cancers"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cánceres","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s32","source":"Aniquilan al hombre, lo moldean cobarde, astuto, envidioso, y es la envidia la que afirma sus derechos sociales, la envidia y la cobardía.","translation":"They annihilate man, they mold him cowardly, cunning, envious, and it is envy that asserts his social rights, envy and cowardice.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s32.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"es la envidia la que afirma","title":"Cleft sentence «es… la que»","body":"«es la envidia la que afirma» is a cleft construction — 'it is envy that asserts' — used to spotlight «la envidia». Spanish builds emphasis with «ser» + the highlighted element + «el/la que» ('the one that')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aniquilan","lemma":"aniquilar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"they annihilate"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Aniquilan","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of moldean","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"moldean","lemma":"moldear","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on Aniquilan","gloss":"they mold"},{"surface":"cobarde","lemma":"cobarde","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of moldean","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"astuto","lemma":"astuto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with cobarde","gloss":"cunning"},{"surface":"envidioso","lemma":"envidioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with cobarde","gloss":"envious"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to envidia","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of envidia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"envidia","lemma":"envidia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"envy"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of afirma","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun, subject of afirma","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"afirma","lemma":"afirmar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying envidia","gloss":"asserts"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of derechos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"derechos","lemma":"derecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of afirma","gloss":"rights"},{"surface":"sociales","lemma":"social","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies derechos","gloss":"social"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of envidia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"envidia","lemma":"envidia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to envidia","gloss":"envy"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cobardía","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cobardía","lemma":"cobardía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with envidia","gloss":"cowardice"}]},{"number":118,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s33","source":"Si esos rebaños se compusieran de bestias corajudas lo hubieran hecho pedazos todo.","translation":"If those herds were made up of courageous beasts they would have torn it all to pieces.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s33.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"corajudas","title":"«corajudo»","body":"«corajudo» means 'gutsy', 'full of fight', from «coraje» ('courage', 'fighting spirit'). It is a more colloquial, combative word than «valiente» — the Prospector wants beasts with real nerve, not the timid 'herd'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of compusieran","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of rebaños","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"rebaños","lemma":"rebaño","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of compusieran","gloss":"herds"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of compusieran","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"compusieran","lemma":"componer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on hecho","gloss":"were made up"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bestias","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bestias","lemma":"bestia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of compusieran","gloss":"beasts"},{"surface":"corajudas","lemma":"corajudo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies bestias","gloss":"courageous"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hecho","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hubieran","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of hecho","gloss":"they would have"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"torn","note":"'hacer pedazos algo' is an idiom for tearing/smashing something to pieces."},{"surface":"pedazos","lemma":"pedazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"resultative complement of hecho","gloss":"pieces"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hecho, resumed by lo","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s34","source":"Creer en el montón es creer que se puede tocar la luna con la mano.","translation":"To believe in the mass is to believe you can touch the moon with your hand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s34.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"el montón","title":"«el montón» = the mass / the crowd","body":"«un montón» is a heap or pile; «el montón» used of people means 'the masses', 'the common herd', often dismissively. «creer en el montón» = 'to believe in the masses', which he equates with a childish impossibility."}],"words":[{"surface":"Creer","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of es","gloss":"to believe"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montón","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of montón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montón","lemma":"montón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Creer","gloss":"mass","note":"'montón' literally means 'heap/pile'; here it means the masses, the crowd."},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"creer","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"to believe"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clausal complement of creer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"impersonal subject of puede","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tocar","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"tocar","lemma":"tocar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of puede","gloss":"touch"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luna","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tocar","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mano","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tocar","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s35","source":"Vea lo que le pasó a Lenin con el campesino ruso.","translation":"Look what happened to Lenin with the Russian peasant.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pasó","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun, subject of pasó","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pasó","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"pasó","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Vea","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lenin","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Lenin","lemma":"Lenin","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of pasó","gloss":"Lenin"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking campesino","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of campesino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"campesino","lemma":"campesino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasó","gloss":"peasant"},{"surface":"ruso","lemma":"ruso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies campesino","gloss":"Russian"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s36","source":"Pero ya está todo organizado y no cabe otra cosa que decir: en nuestro siglo los que no se encuentran bien en la ciudad que se vayan al desierto.","translation":"But it's all organized now and there's nothing else to say: in our century, those who aren't comfortable in the city, let them go off to the wilderness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s36.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que se vayan","title":"«que» + subjunctive as a command","body":"«que se vayan al desierto» = 'let them go to the wilderness'. A bare «que» followed by the subjunctive expresses an indirect command or wish about a third party — English 'let them…', 'may they…'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies está","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies está","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to organizado","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"organizado","lemma":"organizado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of está","gloss":"organized"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cabe","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"cabe","lemma":"caber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with está","gloss":"fits","note":"'no cabe otra cosa que decir' = 'there's nothing else to say' — 'caber' here means 'to fit/be possible', not literal spatial fitting."},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of cabe","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of decir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying cosa","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siglo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nuestro","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of siglo","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"siglo","lemma":"siglo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vayan","gloss":"century"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"subject of encuentran","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of encuentran","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encuentran","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encuentran","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"encuentran","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on cabe","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encuentran","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciudad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciudad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudad","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encuentran","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces jussive clause vayan","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of vayan","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"vayan","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"jussive clause referring to los","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desierto","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"desierto","lemma":"desierto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vayan","gloss":"wilderness"}]},{"number":122,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s37","source":"Eso es lo que se propone el Astrólogo.","translation":"That is what the Astrologer intends.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of propone","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of propone","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of propone","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"propone","lemma":"proponer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"intends"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of propone","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":123,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s38","source":"Tiene mucha razón.","translation":"He's quite right.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s38.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tiene razón","title":"«tener razón» = to be right","body":"Spanish 'is right' is built with «tener» ('to have'): «tiene razón» literally 'he has reason', i.e. 'he is right'. «mucha razón» intensifies it — 'he's quite right', 'absolutely right'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he has","note":"'tener razón' is an idiom meaning 'to be right' (lit. 'to have reason')."},{"surface":"mucha","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of razón","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"razón","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Tiene","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s39","source":"Cuando los primeros cristianos se sintieron mal en las ciudades se fueron al desierto.","translation":"When the first Christians felt ill at ease in the cities they went off to the desert.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s39.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se sintieron / se fueron","title":"Preterite of a single past turn","body":"Both verbs are preterite — «se sintieron mal» ('felt ill at ease') and «se fueron» ('went off') — narrating one completed historical movement. Note both are pronominal: «sentirse» ('to feel [a way]') and «irse» ('to leave')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sintieron","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cristianos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"primeros","lemma":"primero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cristianos","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"cristianos","lemma":"cristiano","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of sintieron","gloss":"Christians"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sintieron","gloss":"(themselves)"},{"surface":"sintieron","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on fueron","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"mal","lemma":"mal","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sintieron","gloss":"badly","note":"«sentirse mal» here means to feel out of place or uncomfortable; rendered idiomatically as 'ill at ease.'"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciudades","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ciudades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudades","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sintieron","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of fueron","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"fueron","lemma":"irse","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desierto","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"desierto","lemma":"desierto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fueron","gloss":"desert"}]},{"number":125,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s40","source":"Allí a su modo se construyeron la felicidad.","translation":"There, in their own way, they built themselves happiness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies construyeron","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking modo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of modo","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of construyeron","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of construyeron","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"construyeron","lemma":"construir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"built"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of felicidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"felicidad","lemma":"felicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of construyeron","gloss":"happiness"}]},{"number":126,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s41","source":"Hoy, en cambio, la chusma de las ciudades ladra en los comités.","translation":"Today, by contrast, the city rabble barks in the committees.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p36-s41.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"chusma","title":"«chusma»","body":"«chusma» is another scornful collective for the lowest crowd — 'rabble', 'riffraff'. Paired with «ladra» ('barks'), it reduces the political meetings of the masses to dogs yapping in the «comités» (party committee rooms)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hoy","lemma":"hoy","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ladra","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cambio","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"cambio","lemma":"cambio","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"contrast"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of chusma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chusma","lemma":"chusma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ladra","gloss":"rabble"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciudades","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ciudades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudades","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies chusma","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"ladra","lemma":"ladrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"barks"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comités","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of comités","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"comités","lemma":"comité","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ladra","gloss":"committees"}]},{"number":127,"label":"37","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p37-s1","source":"–¿Sabe que me gusta su símil del desierto?","translation":"–Do you know I like your simile of the desert?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p37-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gusta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of gusta","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"gusta","lemma":"gustar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Sabe","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of símil","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"símil","lemma":"símil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of gusta","gloss":"simile"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desierto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"desierto","lemma":"desierto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies símil","gloss":"desert"}]},{"number":128,"label":"38","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p38-s1","source":"–Pero claro, Erdosain.","translation":"–But of course, Erdosain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p38-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies claro","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Pero","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p38-s2","source":"El Astrólogo lo dice: esos que no están cómodos en las ciudades no tienen derecho a molestar a los que la gozan.","translation":"The Astrologer says it: those who aren't comfortable in the cities have no right to bother those who enjoy them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p38-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dice","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dice","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dice","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of tienen","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of están","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies están","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"están","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to cómodos","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"cómodos","lemma":"cómodo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying esos","gloss":"comfortable"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciudades","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ciudades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudades","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cómodos","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tienen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tienen","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of dice","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"derecho","lemma":"derecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tienen","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of molestar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"molestar","lemma":"molestar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying derecho","gloss":"bother"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking los (personal a)","gloss":"object marker","note":"This is the personal 'a,' required before a direct object referring to people; it has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"part of the phrase que, forms 'los que' (those who)","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of gozan","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of gozan","gloss":"them","note":"'la' refers back to las ciudades (the cities); rendered as 'them' in English for fluency."},{"surface":"gozan","lemma":"gozar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying los","gloss":"enjoy"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p38-s3","source":"Para los descontentos e incómodos de las ciudades está la montaña, la llanura, la orilla de los grandes ríos.","translation":"For the discontented and uneasy of the cities there is the mountain, the plain, the banks of the great rivers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p38-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking descontentos","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of descontentos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"descontentos","lemma":"descontento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of está","gloss":"discontented"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"incómodos","lemma":"incómodo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with descontentos","gloss":"uneasy"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciudades","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ciudades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudades","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies descontentos","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of montaña","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montaña","lemma":"montaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of llanura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"llanura","lemma":"llanura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with montaña","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of orilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orilla","lemma":"orilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with montaña","gloss":"bank"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ríos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ríos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grandes","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies ríos","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ríos","lemma":"río","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies orilla","gloss":"rivers"}]},{"number":131,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p38-s4","source":"Erdosain no se imaginaba tal violencia en el Buscador de Oro.","translation":"Erdosain had not imagined such violence in the Gold Prospector.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p38-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of imaginaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies imaginaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of imaginaba","gloss":"(himself)"},{"surface":"imaginaba","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imagined"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of violencia","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"violencia","lemma":"violencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of imaginaba","gloss":"violence"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Buscador","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buscador","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Buscador","lemma":"Buscador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of imaginaba","gloss":"Prospector"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buscador","gloss":"Gold"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p38-s5","source":"El otro adivinó el pensamiento, porque dijo:","translation":"The other man guessed his thought, for he said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p38-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of adivinó","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"adivinó","lemma":"adivinar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"guessed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pensamiento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pensamiento","lemma":"pensamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of adivinó","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dijo","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on adivinó","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":133,"label":"39","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s1","source":"–Nosotros predicaremos la violencia, pero no aceptaremos en las células a los teóricos de la violencia, sino que aquel que quiera demostrarnos su odio a la actual civilización tendrá que darnos una prueba de su obediencia a la sociedad.","translation":"–We will preach violence, but we won't accept the theorists of violence into the cells; rather, whoever wants to prove his hatred of the present civilization to us will have to give us a proof of his obedience to the society.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aquel que quiera","title":"Subjunctive after «aquel que»","body":"«aquel que quiera» ('whoever wants') takes the subjunctive «quiera» because the person is indefinite — anyone at all who might want. Spanish marks such an unspecified, hypothetical antecedent with the subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"subject of predicaremos","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"predicaremos","lemma":"predicar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will preach"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of violencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"violencia","lemma":"violencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of predicaremos","gloss":"violence"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aceptaremos","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"aceptaremos","lemma":"aceptar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with predicaremos","gloss":"will accept"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking células","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of células","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"células","lemma":"célula","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of aceptaremos","gloss":"cells"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking teóricos (personal a)","gloss":"object marker","note":"This is the personal 'a,' required before a direct object referring to people; it has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of teóricos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"teóricos","lemma":"teórico","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of aceptaremos","gloss":"theorists"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking violencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of violencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"violencia","lemma":"violencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies teóricos","gloss":"violence"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase sino","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tendrá","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of quiera","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"quiera","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the clause modifying aquel","gloss":"wants"},{"surface":"demostrarnos","lemma":"demostrar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiera","gloss":"prove to us"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of odio","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"odio","lemma":"odio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of demostrarnos","gloss":"hatred"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking civilización","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of civilización","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"actual","lemma":"actual","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies civilización","gloss":"present","note":"'Actual' is a false friend here — it means 'current/present-day,' not English 'actual.'"},{"surface":"civilización","lemma":"civilización","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of odio","gloss":"civilization"},{"surface":"tendrá","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by sino que","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links tendrá to darnos (tener que = have to)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"darnos","lemma":"dar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tendrá (tener que + infinitive)","gloss":"give us"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of prueba","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"prueba","lemma":"prueba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of darnos","gloss":"proof"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking obediencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of obediencia","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"obediencia","lemma":"obediencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies prueba","gloss":"obedience"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies obediencia","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s2","source":"¿Se da cuenta usted ahora del objeto de la colonia?","translation":"Do you realize now the purpose of the colony?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of da","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with da","gloss":"account","note":"'Darse cuenta (de)' is an idiom meaning 'to realize/be aware of'; rendered here as 'realize.'"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of da","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies da","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking objeto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"objeto","lemma":"objeto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of da","gloss":"purpose"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking colonia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of colonia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"colonia","lemma":"colonia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies objeto","gloss":"colony"}]},{"number":135,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s3","source":"¿El oro no es también una hermosa ilusión?","translation":"Isn't the gold too a beautiful illusion?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to ilusión","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ilusión","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hermosa","lemma":"hermoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ilusión","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ilusión","lemma":"ilusión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"illusion"}]},{"number":136,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s4","source":"El esfuerzo lo convertirá en un superhombre.","translation":"The effort will turn him into a superman.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of esfuerzo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esfuerzo","lemma":"esfuerzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of convertirá","gloss":"effort"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of convertirá","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"convertirá","lemma":"convertir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will turn"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking superhombre","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of superhombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"superhombre","lemma":"superhombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition en","gloss":"superman"}]},{"number":137,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s5","source":"Entonces se le otorgarán poderes.","translation":"Then powers will be granted to him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se le otorgarán poderes","title":"Passive «se» with an indirect object","body":"«se le otorgarán poderes» = 'powers will be granted to him'. The «se» makes it passive/impersonal, «poderes» is the subject, and «le» marks the recipient — a tidy way Spanish avoids naming who does the granting."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies otorgarán","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive (passive marker)","role":"passive particle of otorgarán","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of otorgarán","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"otorgarán","lemma":"otorgar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be granted"},{"surface":"poderes","lemma":"poder","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of otorgarán","gloss":"powers"}]},{"number":138,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s6","source":"¿No sucede lo mismo con las órdenes monacales?","translation":"Doesn't the same happen with the monastic orders?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sucede","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sucede","lemma":"suceder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happen"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mismo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sucede","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking órdenes","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of órdenes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"órdenes","lemma":"orden","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sucede","gloss":"orders"},{"surface":"monacales","lemma":"monacal","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies órdenes","gloss":"monastic"}]},{"number":139,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s7","source":"¿No está así organizado el ejército?","translation":"Isn't the army organized the same way?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies organizado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to organizado","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies organizado","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"organizado","lemma":"organizar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"organized"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ejército","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ejército","lemma":"ejército","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of organizado","gloss":"army"}]},{"number":140,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s8","source":"Pero, hombre, ¡no abra la boca!","translation":"But, man, don't open your mouth!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no abra la boca","title":"Negative «usted» command","body":"«no abra la boca» is the negative «usted» imperative — 'don't open your mouth'. For «-ar» verbs the polite command takes the «-e» ending («abra»), and the negative keeps that same subjunctive-based form."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies abra","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on Pero","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abra","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"abra","lemma":"abrir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of boca","gloss":"your","note":"Spanish uses the definite article with body parts where English uses a possessive: 'la boca' = 'your mouth' here."},{"surface":"boca","lemma":"boca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of abra","gloss":"mouth"}]},{"number":141,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s9","source":"En las mismas empresas comerciales... por ejemplo, en la casa Gath y Chaves, en Harrods, me han contado los empleados que el personal se gobierna con una disciplina junto a la cual la disciplina militares un juguete.","translation":"In commercial firms themselves... for example, at the Gath y Chaves store, at Harrods, the employees have told me that the staff is governed by a discipline next to which military discipline is a toy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking empresas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of empresas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mismas","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies empresas","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"empresas","lemma":"empresa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of contado","gloss":"firms"},{"surface":"comerciales","lemma":"comercial","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies empresas","gloss":"commercial"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies empresas","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ejemplo","lemma":"ejemplo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"example"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of contado","gloss":"store"},{"surface":"Gath","lemma":"Gath","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to casa","gloss":"Gath"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Chaves","lemma":"Chaves","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Gath","gloss":"Chaves"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Harrods","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Harrods","lemma":"Harrods","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of contado","gloss":"Harrods"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of contado","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of contado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"contado","lemma":"contar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of empleados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"empleados","lemma":"empleado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of contado","gloss":"employees"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gobierna","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of personal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"personal","lemma":"personal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of gobierna","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive (passive marker)","role":"passive particle of gobierna","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"gobierna","lemma":"gobernar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of contado","gloss":"is governed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking disciplina","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of disciplina","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"disciplina","lemma":"disciplina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of gobierna","gloss":"discipline"},{"surface":"junto","lemma":"junto","morphology":"adverb","role":"heads the phrase junto a la cual, modifying disciplina","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase junto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cual","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cual","lemma":"cual","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of junto a, referring back to disciplina","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of disciplina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"disciplina","lemma":"disciplina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of the elided copula 'es' (the true predicate is 'un juguete'; 'militares' is an attributive adjective modifying disciplina, not a second predicate — see w35)","gloss":"discipline"},{"surface":"militares","lemma":"militar","morphology":"adjective, singular (source text appears to be missing a verb; see note)","role":"modifies disciplina (attributive adjective 'militar'; the fused final 's' is the start of the elided copula 'es' before 'un juguete')","gloss":"military","note":"The source text here appears to be missing 'es' ('is') — 'militares' likely represents a transcription merge of 'militar es,' needed for the sense 'la disciplina militar es un juguete' ('military discipline is a toy')."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of juguete","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"juguete","lemma":"juguete","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement (with elided/merged es)","gloss":"toy"}]},{"number":142,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s10","source":"Ya ve, Erdosain, que nosotros no inventamos nada.","translation":"You see, Erdosain, that we invent nothing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p39-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ve","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ve","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative, direct address","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of inventamos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"subject of inventamos","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inventamos","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"inventamos","lemma":"inventar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of ve","gloss":"invent"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of inventamos","gloss":"nothing"}]},{"number":143,"label":"40","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p40-s1","source":"Sustituimos un fin mezquino por un fin extraordinario, nada más.","translation":"We replace a petty end with an extraordinary one, nothing more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p40-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sustituimos","lemma":"sustituir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we replace"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fin","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Sustituimos","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"mezquino","lemma":"mezquino","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fin","gloss":"petty"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fin","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fin","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Sustituimos","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"extraordinario","lemma":"extraordinario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fin","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of Sustituimos","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":144,"label":"41","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p41-s1","source":"Erdosain se sentía humillado frente al Buscador de Oro.","translation":"Erdosain felt humiliated before the Gold Prospector.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p41-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sentía","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sentía","gloss":"(himself)"},{"surface":"sentía","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"humillado","lemma":"humillado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sentía","gloss":"humiliated"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the compound preposition frente a, marking Buscador","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase frente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Buscador","lemma":"Buscador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of sentía","gloss":"Prospector"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buscador","gloss":"Gold"}]},{"number":145,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p41-s2","source":"Envidiábale al otro la violencia, le irritaban sus verdades gruesas e indiscutibles, y hubiera deseado contradecirlo, al tiempo que se decía:","translation":"He envied the other man his violence, his coarse and incontestable truths irritated him, and he would have liked to contradict him, while saying to himself:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p41-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Envidiábale al otro la violencia","title":"Enclitic «le» + doubled object","body":"«Envidiábale» is «le envidiaba» ('he envied of him') with «le» tacked onto the verb, and «al otro» doubles that «le» — 'he envied the other man'. The thing envied, «la violencia», is the direct object. The piled-up pronoun and noun are pure River Plate texture."}],"words":[{"surface":"Envidiábale","lemma":"envidiar él","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"envied","note":"Envidiábale = envidiaba + le ('he envied him'); attaching the clitic pronoun to a conjugated verb (instead of placing 'le' before it) is a literary/archaic construction."},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of Envidiábale","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of violencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"violencia","lemma":"violencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Envidiábale","gloss":"violence"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of irritaban","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"irritaban","lemma":"irritar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"irritated"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of verdades","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"verdades","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of irritaban","gloss":"truths"},{"surface":"gruesas","lemma":"grueso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies verdades","gloss":"coarse"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"indiscutibles","lemma":"indiscutible","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with gruesas","gloss":"incontestable"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of deseado","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"deseado","lemma":"desear","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with irritaban","gloss":"liked"},{"surface":"contradecirlo","lemma":"contradecir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of deseado","gloss":"contradict him"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiempo","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase al","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase al","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of decía","gloss":"to himself"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on deseado","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":146,"label":"42","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p42-s1","source":"–Yo soy menos personaje de drama que él, yo soy el hombre sórdido y cobarde de la ciudad.","translation":"–I am less a character out of drama than he is; I am the sordid, cowardly man of the city.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p42-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of soy","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to personaje","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"menos","lemma":"menos","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies personaje","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"personaje","lemma":"personaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a character"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking drama","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"drama","lemma":"drama","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies personaje","gloss":"drama"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of él","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"standard of comparison (subject of elided es)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of soy","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to hombre","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"sórdido","lemma":"sórdido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"sordid"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cobarde","lemma":"cobarde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with sórdido","gloss":"cowardly"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciudad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciudad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudad","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":147,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p42-s2","source":"¿Por qué no siento su agresividad y su odio?.","translation":"Why don't I feel his aggressiveness and his hatred?.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p42-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"why","note":"'por' + 'qué' together form the question word 'why'"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of siento","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies siento","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"siento","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I feel"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of agresividad","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"agresividad","lemma":"agresividad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of siento","gloss":"aggressiveness"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of odio","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"odio","lemma":"odio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with agresividad","gloss":"hatred"}]},{"number":148,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p42-s3","source":"Sí, tiene razón.","translation":"Yes, he's right.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p42-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker, precedes tiene","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"razón","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"right","note":"idiom 'tener razón' (literally 'to have reason') means 'to be right'"}]},{"number":149,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p42-s4","source":"Y sonrío a sus palabras, prudentemente, como si temiera que me dé una cachetada, y es que me asusta su violencia, me enoja su coraje.","translation":"And I smile at his words, cautiously, as if I were afraid he might give me a slap, and the truth is his violence frightens me, his courage angers me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p42-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si temiera que me dé","title":"«como si» + imperfect subjunctive","body":"«como si» ('as if') always takes the imperfect subjunctive: «como si temiera» = 'as if I were afraid'. The dependent «que me dé una cachetada» ('that he give me a slap') is itself subjunctive after the verb of fearing."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cachetada","title":"«cachetada» = a slap","body":"«cachetada» is a slap or smack across the face (from «cacheta/cachete», 'cheek'). It is the everyday word for an open-handed blow, and the whole novel turns on a remembered slap — making the image quietly loaded here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies sonrío","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sonrío","lemma":"sonreír","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I smile"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palabras","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sonrío","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"prudentemente","lemma":"prudentemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sonrío","gloss":"cautiously"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of temiera","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of temiera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"temiera","lemma":"temer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sonrío","gloss":"were afraid"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dé","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dé","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"dé","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of temiera","gloss":"might give"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cachetada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cachetada","lemma":"cachetada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dé","gloss":"slap"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by y (the truth is)","gloss":"the truth is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of asusta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of asusta","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"asusta","lemma":"asustar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"frightens"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of violencia","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"violencia","lemma":"violencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of asusta","gloss":"violence"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of enoja","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"enoja","lemma":"enojar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with asusta","gloss":"angers"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of coraje","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"coraje","lemma":"coraje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of enoja","gloss":"courage"}]},{"number":150,"label":"43","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p43-s1","source":"–¿En qué piensa, hermano? –dijo el Buscador de Oro.","translation":"–What are you thinking about, brother? –said the Gold Prospector.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p43-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"En qué piensa","title":"«pensar en» = to think about","body":"'To think about' something is «pensar en»: «¿En qué piensa?» = 'What are you thinking about?'. The preposition «en» is required; «pensar de» instead asks for an opinion ('what do you think of…')."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of piensa","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"piensa","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are you thinking","note":"third-person verb form used for formal 'usted' — Erdosain is being addressed, not talked about"},{"surface":"hermano","lemma":"hermano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, term of address","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"reporting clause introducing the quote","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buscador","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Buscador","lemma":"Buscador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Prospector"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buscador","gloss":"Gold"}]},{"number":151,"label":"44","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p44-s1","source":"El Buscador de Oro se encogió de hombros.","translation":"The Gold Prospector shrugged his shoulders.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p44-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"encogerse de hombros","title":"«encogerse de hombros»","body":"«encogerse de hombros» is the set phrase 'to shrug one's shoulders'. The pronominal «encogerse» ('to shrink', 'to draw oneself in') plus «de hombros» fixes the gesture; you cannot swap the preposition."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buscador","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Buscador","lemma":"Buscador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of encogió","gloss":"Prospector"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buscador","gloss":"Gold"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encogió","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"encogió","lemma":"encoger","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shrugged","note":"idiom 'encogerse de hombros' = 'to shrug one's shoulders'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hombros","lemma":"hombro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of encogió","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":152,"label":"45","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p45-s1","source":"–Usted piensa que es cobarde porque las circunstancias para vivir no lo han obligado a jugarse la piel.","translation":"–You think you're a coward because the circumstances of living haven't forced you to risk your hide.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p45-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of piensa","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"piensa","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cobarde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cobarde","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"cobarde","lemma":"cobarde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"clausal complement of piensa","gloss":"a coward"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of obligado","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of circunstancias","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"circunstancias","lemma":"circunstancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of obligado","gloss":"circumstances"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vivir","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vivir","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying circunstancias","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies obligado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of obligado","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of obligado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"obligado","lemma":"obligar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by porque","gloss":"forced"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of jugarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"jugarse","lemma":"jugarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"complement of obligado","gloss":"risk","note":"idiom 'jugarse la piel' = 'to risk one's hide/neck'"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piel","lemma":"piel","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of jugarse","gloss":"hide"}]},{"number":153,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p45-s2","source":"Yo lo quiero ver a usted el día en que su vida esté pendiente del gatillo del revólver, si es cobarde o no.","translation":"I'd like to see you the day your life hangs on the trigger of the revolver, whether you're a coward or not.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p45-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"el día en que su vida esté pendiente","title":"Subjunctive for an unreached future day","body":"«el día en que su vida esté pendiente» = 'the day your life hangs in the balance'. The subjunctive «esté» appears because that day has not yet come — Spanish uses it for a time clause pointing at an as-yet-unrealized future."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of quiero","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ver (clitic climbing to quiero), doubles a usted","gloss":"you","note":"Rioplatense doubles the object here: 'lo' anticipates 'a usted' ('you')"},{"surface":"quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiero","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"(marks person)","note":"the 'personal a' before a direct object naming a person has no separate English translation"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"direct object of ver","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adjunct of quiero","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of pendiente","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of pendiente","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"esté","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to pendiente","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"pendiente","lemma":"pendiente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of esté (clause modifies día)","gloss":"hanging","note":"idiom 'estar pendiente de' = 'to hang on / depend on'"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gatillo","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"gatillo","lemma":"gatillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pendiente","gloss":"trigger"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking revólver","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"revólver","lemma":"revólver","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies gatillo","gloss":"revolver"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cobarde","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cobarde","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"cobarde","lemma":"cobarde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"a coward"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with cobarde","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":154,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p45-s3","source":"Lo que hay es que en la ciudad no se puede ser valiente.","translation":"The thing is that in the city one can't be brave.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p45-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms 'lo que' (what) together with que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun, direct object of hay (forms 'lo que')","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause 'lo que hay' (there is)","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of valiente","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciudad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciudad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudad","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"locative adjunct of ser","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puede","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal","role":"impersonal marker, generic subject of puede","gloss":"(impersonal)","note":"impersonal 'se' means 'one', not a reflexive here"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ser","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to valiente","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"valiente","lemma":"valiente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of ser","gloss":"brave"}]},{"number":155,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p45-s4","source":"Usted sabe que si le estropea la cara a un desgraciado los trámites policiales lo van a molestar tanto, que usted prefiere tolerar a hacerse justicia por su mano.","translation":"You know that if you smash the face of some wretch, the police paperwork will hound you so much that you'd rather put up with it than take justice into your own hands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p45-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hacerse justicia por su mano","title":"«hacerse justicia por su mano»","body":"«hacerse justicia por su (propia) mano» is the idiom 'to take justice into one's own hands'. The pronominal «hacerse» plus «por su mano» ('by one's own hand') makes the whole expression — vigilante self-redress."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of molestar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estropea","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of estropea (doubles a un desgraciado)","gloss":"his","note":"dative of possession: 'le...la cara' = 'his face', echoed later by 'a un desgraciado'"},{"surface":"estropea","lemma":"estropear","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on molestar","gloss":"you smash"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cara","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cara","lemma":"cara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of estropea","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desgraciado","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of desgraciado","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"desgraciado","lemma":"desgraciado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estropea","gloss":"wretch"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of trámites","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"trámites","lemma":"trámite","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of molestar","gloss":"paperwork"},{"surface":"policiales","lemma":"policial","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies trámites","gloss":"police"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of molestar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of molestar","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of molestar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"molestar","lemma":"molestar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the que-clause, complement of sabe","gloss":"hound"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies molestar","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of prefiere","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of prefiere","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"prefiere","lemma":"preferir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the result clause (tanto...que)","gloss":"you'd rather"},{"surface":"tolerar","lemma":"tolerar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of prefiere","gloss":"put up with"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacerse","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"hacerse","lemma":"hacerse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"complement of a (comparison with tolerar)","gloss":"take","note":"idiom 'hacerse justicia por su mano' = 'to take the law into one's own hands'"},{"surface":"justicia","lemma":"justicia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hacerse","gloss":"justice"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mano","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hacerse","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":156,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p45-s5","source":"Esa es la realidad.","translation":"That is the reality.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p45-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to realidad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of realidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"reality"}]},{"number":157,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p45-s6","source":"Y uno se acostumbra a ser un resignado, a refrenar los impulsos...","translation":"And one gets used to being resigned, to reining in one's impulses...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p45-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se acostumbra a","title":"«acostumbrarse a» + infinitive","body":"«acostumbrarse a» means 'to get used to' and needs the preposition «a» before its complement: «se acostumbra a ser un resignado» = 'one gets used to being resigned'. Drop the «a» and the construction breaks."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies acostumbra","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of acostumbra","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acostumbra","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"acostumbra","lemma":"acostumbrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gets used"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of resignado","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to resignado","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of resignado","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"resignado","lemma":"resignado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of acostumbra","gloss":"resigned"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of refrenar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"refrenar","lemma":"refrenar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with ser, complement of acostumbra","gloss":"reining in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of impulsos","gloss":"the","note":"'los' is the plain definite article ('the impulses'); Spanish uses the article with 'acostumbrarse' where English idiom implies 'one's' — it does not itself mean 'one's'"},{"surface":"impulsos","lemma":"impulso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of refrenar","gloss":"impulses"}]},{"number":158,"label":"46","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p46-s1","source":"Erdosain lo miró:","translation":"Erdosain looked at him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p46-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of miró","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of miró","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"miró","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"}]},{"number":159,"label":"47","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p47-s1","source":"–¿Sabe que es notable?","translation":"–Do you know it's remarkable?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p47-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Do you know","note":"third-person verb form used for formal 'usted' — addressed to Erdosain"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of notable","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to notable","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"notable","lemma":"notable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"clausal complement of Sabe","gloss":"remarkable"}]},{"number":160,"label":"48","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p48-s1","source":"–Pierda cuidado, socio.","translation":"–Don't you worry, partner.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p48-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Pierda cuidado","title":"«pierda cuidado» = don't worry","body":"«pierda cuidado» (the «usted» command of «perder cuidado») is a set reassurance — 'don't worry', 'rest easy'. «socio» literally 'partner/associate' is also a chummy form of address, like 'pal' or 'partner'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pierda","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Don't worry","note":"idiom 'perder cuidado' (literally 'lose care') = 'not to worry'; formal 'usted' command"},{"surface":"cuidado","lemma":"cuidado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Pierda","gloss":"worry"},{"surface":"socio","lemma":"socio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, term of address","gloss":"partner"}]},{"number":161,"label":"","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p48-s2","source":"Ya va a ver usted cómo se va a despabilar dentro de poco... y se va a encontrar con el alma de un valiente... Hay que empezar, nada más.","translation":"You'll soon see how you'll wake up before long... and you'll find yourself with the soul of a brave man... You just have to begin, that's all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p48-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"despabilar","title":"«despabilarse»","body":"«despabilarse» means to wake up, sharpen up, snap out of one's dullness — 'to come alive', 'to get sharp'. «va a despabilar» promises Erdosain will shake off his timid stupor and grow keen."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ver","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ver","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ver","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of ver","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of despabilar (complement of ver)","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of despabilar","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of despabilar","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of despabilar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"despabilar","lemma":"despabilar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of ver","gloss":"wake up"},{"surface":"dentro","lemma":"dentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies despabilar","gloss":"before long","note":"idiom 'dentro de poco' = 'soon, before long'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poco","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dentro","gloss":"a little while"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encontrar","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of encontrar","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of encontrar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"encontrar","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with ver","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alma","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encontrar","gloss":"soul","note":"'alma' is feminine but takes 'el' because it starts with a stressed 'a'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking valiente","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of valiente","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"valiente","lemma":"valiente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"brave man"},{"surface":"Hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of a new clause (impersonal obligation)","gloss":"You have to"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the infinitive clause of empezar (hay que + infinitive = must)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"empezar","lemma":"empezar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Hay","gloss":"begin"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase 'nada más' (that's all)","gloss":"nothing","note":"idiom 'nada más' = 'that's all'"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":162,"label":"49","id":"el-buscador-de-oro-p49-s1","source":"A la una de la tarde los dos hombres se despidieron.","translation":"At one in the afternoon the two men said goodbye.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro-p49-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se despidieron","title":"Reciprocal «se»","body":"«se despidieron» here is reciprocal — 'they said goodbye to each other'. The pronominal «despedirse» ('to take one's leave') with a plural subject naturally reads as a mutual action between the two men."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking una","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of una","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of despidieron","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tarde","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tarde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies una","gloss":"afternoon"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies los","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of despidieron","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of despidieron","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"despidieron","lemma":"despedir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said goodbye"}]}]}