{"work":{"slug":"arlt","title":{"source":"Los siete locos","translated":"The Seven Madmen"},"author":"Roberto Arlt","language":"Spanish","languageCode":"es","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"el-guino","title":{"source":"El guiño","translated":"The Wink"},"section":"Part Two","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/el-guino","lines":179},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/el-suicida","next":null,"license":"Source text: public domain (Roberto Arlt, d. 1942). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: this is a minimal seed excerpt to make the app target runnable; full verified content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"el-guino-p1-s1","source":"En Temperley lo esperaba el Astrólogo.","translation":"At Temperley the Astrologer was waiting for him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo esperaba","title":"Direct-object pronoun «lo»","body":"«lo» is the masculine direct-object pronoun ('him'). Here it precedes the verb and refers to Erdosain: «lo esperaba el Astrólogo» = 'the Astrologer was waiting for him'. Note that Spanish freely puts the subject after the verb, so the object pronoun, not word order, tells you who waits for whom."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Temperley","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"Temperley","lemma":"Temperley","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of esperaba","gloss":"Temperley"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of esperaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"esperaba","lemma":"esperar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was waiting"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of esperaba","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p1-s2","source":"Una sonrisa llena de bondad iluminaba su rostro.","translation":"A smile full of kindness lit up his face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p1-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sonrisa","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"sonrisa","lemma":"sonrisa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of iluminaba","gloss":"smile"},{"surface":"llena","lemma":"lleno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sonrisa","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bondad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bondad","lemma":"bondad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies llena","gloss":"kindness"},{"surface":"iluminaba","lemma":"iluminar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lit up"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of iluminaba","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p1-s3","source":"Erdosain casi corrió a su encuentro, pero el otro, tomándolo de los brazos, lo detuvo un instante mirándolo a los ojos, luego, tuteándolo, cosa que no había hecho nunca, le dijo:","translation":"Erdosain almost ran to meet him, but the other man, taking him by the arms, stopped him for a moment, looking into his eyes, then, addressing him as \"tú\" — something he had never done before — said to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p1-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tuteándolo","title":"«tutear» — to use «tú»","body":"«tutear» means 'to address someone with the familiar «tú»' rather than the formal «usted». The gerund «tuteándolo» carries the attached object pronoun «lo». Arlt flags that the Astrologer had never done this before — a small, loaded shift from formal distance to sudden intimacy."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of corrió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies corrió","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"corrió","lemma":"correr","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking encuentro","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of encuentro","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"encuentro","lemma":"encuentro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of corrió","gloss":"meeting"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of detuvo","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"tomándolo","lemma":"tomar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on detuvo","gloss":"taking him"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazos","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tomándolo","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of detuvo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"detuvo","lemma":"detener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with corrió","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instante","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"instante","lemma":"instante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of detuvo","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"mirándolo","lemma":"mirar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on detuvo","gloss":"looking at him"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of mirándolo","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"tuteándolo","lemma":"tutear él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"addressing as tú","note":"tutear = to address someone as 'tú' instead of formal 'usted'."},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to tuteándolo","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hecho","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hecho","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hecho","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying cosa","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hecho","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with corrió","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":4,"label":"2","id":"el-guino-p2-s1","source":"–¿Estás contento?","translation":"“Are you happy?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Estás","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to contento","gloss":"Are you"},{"surface":"contento","lemma":"contento","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Estás","gloss":"happy"}]},{"number":5,"label":"3","id":"el-guino-p3-s1","source":"Erdosain se ruborizó.","translation":"Erdosain blushed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se ruborizó","title":"Pronominal verb «ruborizarse»","body":"«ruborizarse» ('to blush') is pronominal: the «se» marks a change of state happening to the subject himself. «se ruborizó» is the preterite — a single completed reaction, 'he blushed', as opposed to the imperfect «se ruborizaba», which would mean 'he was blushing / used to blush'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of ruborizó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ruborizó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ruborizó","lemma":"ruborizar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"blushed"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p3-s2","source":"En aquel instante un doble misterio quedó revelado en su conciencia.","translation":"In that instant a double mystery stood revealed in his consciousness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p3-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking instante","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instante","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"instante","lemma":"instante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of quedó","gloss":"instant"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of misterio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"doble","lemma":"doble","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies misterio","gloss":"double"},{"surface":"misterio","lemma":"misterio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of quedó","gloss":"mystery"},{"surface":"quedó","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"revelado","lemma":"revelado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate participle, complement of quedó","gloss":"revealed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conciencia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of conciencia","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"conciencia","lemma":"conciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of quedó","gloss":"consciousness"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p3-s3","source":"Aquel hombre no mentía, y sintióse tan amigo de él, que ahora hubiera querido conversar indefinidamente, narrarle los pormenores más íntimos de su vida desgraciada, y sólo atinó a decir:","translation":"That man was not lying, and he felt himself so much his friend that now he would have liked to talk on and on, to recount to him the most intimate details of his wretched life, and he only managed to say:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p3-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sintióse","title":"Enclitic pronoun on the verb","body":"«sintióse» = «se sintió», with the reflexive «se» attached to the end of the verb. This enclitic placement is a literary, slightly old-fashioned style Arlt uses throughout; modern prose would write «se sintió». Note the accent on «sintió» is kept once the pronoun is added."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"hubiera querido","title":"Pluperfect subjunctive for a wish","body":"«hubiera querido conversar» ('he would have liked to talk') is the pluperfect subjunctive used as a softened conditional — an unrealized desire. It conveys a longing that the moment did not actually allow him to act on."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mentía","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mentía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mentía","lemma":"mentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was lying"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sintióse","lemma":"sentir él","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with mentía","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies amigo","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sintióse","gloss":"a friend"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies amigo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of querido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies querido","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of querido","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"querido","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"verb of the clause introduced by que","gloss":"liked"},{"surface":"conversar","lemma":"conversar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of querido","gloss":"to talk"},{"surface":"indefinidamente","lemma":"indefinidamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conversar","gloss":"on and on"},{"surface":"narrarle","lemma":"narrar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with conversar, complement of querido","gloss":"to recount to him"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pormenores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pormenores","lemma":"pormenor","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of narrarle","gloss":"details"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies íntimos","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"íntimos","lemma":"íntimo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pormenores","gloss":"intimate"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pormenores","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"desgraciada","lemma":"desgraciado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies atinó","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"atinó","lemma":"atinar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with mentía","gloss":"managed"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of decir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of atinó","gloss":"say"}]},{"number":8,"label":"4","id":"el-guino-p4-s1","source":"–Sí, estoy muy contento.","translation":"“Yes, I'm very happy.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"interjection, stands alone","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to contento","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies contento","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"contento","lemma":"contento","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estoy","gloss":"happy"}]},{"number":9,"label":"5","id":"el-guino-p5-s1","source":"El Astrólogo se detuvo un momento en el andén de la estación.","translation":"The Astrologer paused for a moment on the station platform.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of detuvo","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of detuvo","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"detuvo","lemma":"detener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"paused"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of detuvo (duration)","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andén","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of andén","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"andén","lemma":"andén","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of detuvo","gloss":"platform"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of estación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estación","lemma":"estación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies andén","gloss":"station"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p5-s2","source":"Ahora lo trataba de usted como de costumbre.","translation":"Now he was addressing him as \"usted\", as usual.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p5-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo trataba de usted","title":"«tratar de usted» vs. «de tú»","body":"«tratar de usted» means 'to address (someone) formally', using «usted». After the brief intimacy of the «tú» a moment ago, the Astrologer snaps back to the formal «usted» — «como de costumbre», 'as usual'. The verb is imperfect, marking the resumed, habitual mode of address."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trataba","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of trataba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"trataba","lemma":"tratar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was addressing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"as","note":"tratar de usted = to address someone formally, using 'usted'."},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"object of de (idiom: tratar de usted)","gloss":"usted"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the idiom como de costumbre","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking costumbre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"costumbre","lemma":"costumbre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of de (idiom: as usual)","gloss":"usual","note":"como de costumbre = idiom 'as usual'."}]},{"number":11,"label":"6","id":"el-guino-p6-s1","source":"–¿Sabe?","translation":"“You know?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"You know"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p6-s2","source":"Muchos llevamos un superhombre adentro.","translation":"Many of us carry a superman inside.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p6-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Muchos","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of llevamos","gloss":"Many"},{"surface":"llevamos","lemma":"llevar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of superhombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"superhombre","lemma":"superhombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of llevamos","gloss":"superman"},{"surface":"adentro","lemma":"adentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llevamos","gloss":"inside"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p6-s3","source":"El superhombre es la voluntad en su máximo rendimiento, sobreponiéndose a todas las normas morales y ejecutando los actos más terribles, como un género de alegría ingenua... algo así como el inocente juego de la crueldad.","translation":"The superman is the will at its maximum yield, overriding all moral norms and carrying out the most terrible acts as a kind of naive joy... something like the innocent game of cruelty.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p6-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of superhombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"superhombre","lemma":"superhombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"superman"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to voluntad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voluntad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voluntad","lemma":"voluntad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rendimiento","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of rendimiento","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"máximo","lemma":"máximo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular, superlative","role":"modifies rendimiento","gloss":"maximum"},{"surface":"rendimiento","lemma":"rendimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of voluntad","gloss":"yield"},{"surface":"sobreponiéndose","lemma":"sobreponer él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on voluntad","gloss":"overriding","note":"'sobreponerse a' is an idiom meaning 'to rise above/override' something."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking normas","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of normas","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of normas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"normas","lemma":"norma","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of a (complement of sobreponiéndose)","gloss":"norms"},{"surface":"morales","lemma":"moral","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies normas","gloss":"moral"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ejecutando","lemma":"ejecutar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with sobreponiéndose","gloss":"carrying out"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of actos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"actos","lemma":"acto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of ejecutando","gloss":"acts"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies terribles","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"terribles","lemma":"terrible","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies actos","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of género","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of género","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"género","lemma":"género","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies actos","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alegría","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alegría","lemma":"alegría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies género","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"ingenua","lemma":"ingenuo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies alegría","gloss":"naive"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase algo","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase así","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of juego","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"inocente","lemma":"inocente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies juego","gloss":"innocent"},{"surface":"juego","lemma":"juego","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"game"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crueldad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of crueldad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"crueldad","lemma":"crueldad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies juego","gloss":"cruelty"}]},{"number":14,"label":"7","id":"el-guino-p7-s1","source":"–Sí y ya uno no siente miedo ni angustia, es como si anduviera caminando encima de las nubes.","translation":"“Yes, and then one no longer feels fear or anguish; it's as if one were walking on top of the clouds.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si anduviera","title":"«como si» + imperfect subjunctive","body":"«como si» ('as if') always takes the imperfect (or pluperfect) subjunctive, here «anduviera» (from «andar»). It frames an unreal comparison: 'as if one were walking'. «andar caminando» literally stacks two verbs of motion for emphasis — 'going about walking'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies siente","gloss":"now","note":"'ya no' + verb = 'no longer' (idiom); ya alone means 'now/already.'"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of siente","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies siente","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"siente","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Sí","gloss":"feels"},{"surface":"miedo","lemma":"miedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of siente","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with miedo","gloss":"anguish"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of anduviera","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of anduviera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"anduviera","lemma":"andar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"were","note":"'andar' + gerund (anduviera caminando) is a periphrasis for 'to be walking'; here in the subjunctive, 'were walking.'"},{"surface":"caminando","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of anduviera","gloss":"walking"},{"surface":"encima","lemma":"encima","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies anduviera","gloss":"on top"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nubes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nubes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nubes","lemma":"nube","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of anduviera","gloss":"clouds"}]},{"number":15,"label":"8","id":"el-guino-p8-s1","source":"–Claro, lo ideal sería despertar en muchos hombres esta ferocidad jovial e ingenua.","translation":"“Of course — the ideal would be to awaken this jovial and naive ferocity in many men.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Of course"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of ideal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ideal","lemma":"ideal","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of sería","gloss":"ideal"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"despertar","lemma":"despertar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of sería","gloss":"to awaken"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombres","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"muchos","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of despertar","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ferocidad","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ferocidad","lemma":"ferocidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of despertar","gloss":"ferocity"},{"surface":"jovial","lemma":"jovial","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies ferocidad","gloss":"jovial"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ingenua","lemma":"ingenuo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with jovial","gloss":"naive"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p8-s2","source":"A nosotros nos toca inaugurar la era del Monstruo Inocente.","translation":"It falls to us to inaugurate the era of the Innocent Monster.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p8-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"nos toca","title":"«tocarle a uno» — to be one's turn / lot","body":"«tocarle a alguien (hacer algo)» means 'it falls to / is up to someone (to do something)'. «A nosotros nos toca inaugurar...» = 'it falls to us to inaugurate...'. The doubled «A nosotros nos» is emphatic — it stresses who, precisely, the task belongs to."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nosotros","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"object of A, emphatic doubling of nos","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of toca","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"toca","lemma":"tocar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"falls","note":"'tocar (a alguien)' = 'to fall to someone/be someone's turn'; 'a nosotros nos toca' = 'it falls to us.'"},{"surface":"inaugurar","lemma":"inaugurar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of toca","gloss":"to inaugurate"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of era","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"era","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of inaugurar","gloss":"era"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Monstruo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Monstruo","lemma":"Monstruo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies era","gloss":"Monster"},{"surface":"Inocente","lemma":"inocente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"part of the name Monstruo","gloss":"Innocent"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p8-s3","source":"Todo se hará, sin duda alguna.","translation":"It will all be done, without any doubt.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p8-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hará","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"passive/impersonal reflexive particle of hará","gloss":"(impersonal)"},{"surface":"hará","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be done"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies hará","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"duda","lemma":"duda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase sin","gloss":"doubt"},{"surface":"alguna","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies duda","gloss":"any"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p8-s4","source":"Es cuestión de tiempo y audacia, pero cuando se den cuenta que el espíritu se les hunde en la letrina de esta civilización, antes de ahogarse van a torcer el camino.","translation":"It's a matter of time and audacity, but when they realize that the spirit is sinking on them into the latrine of this civilization, before they drown they are going to swerve from the road.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p8-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"cuando se den cuenta","title":"Subjunctive after «cuando» (future)","body":"«cuando» pointing to a future, not-yet-real event takes the present subjunctive: «cuando se den cuenta» = 'when they realize / come to realize'. «darse cuenta de que» means 'to realize that' (colloquially the «de» is often dropped, as here)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cuestión","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"cuestión","lemma":"cuestión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiempo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cuestión","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"audacia","lemma":"audacia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with tiempo","gloss":"audacity"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of den","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of den (darse cuenta = to realize)","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on van","gloss":"realize"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with den (darse cuenta = to realize)","gloss":"account","note":"'darse cuenta' is an idiom meaning 'to realize.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hunde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espíritu","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espíritu","lemma":"espíritu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hunde","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of hunde","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of hunde (dative of disadvantage)","gloss":"on them"},{"surface":"hunde","lemma":"hundir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of den (introduced by que)","gloss":"is sinking"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking letrina","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of letrina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"letrina","lemma":"letrina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hunde","gloss":"latrine"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking civilización","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of civilización","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"civilización","lemma":"civilización","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies letrina","gloss":"civilization"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies van","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ahogarse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ahogarse","lemma":"ahogar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on antes","gloss":"drowning"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of torcer","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of torcer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"torcer","lemma":"torcer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of van (ir a + infinitive)","gloss":"swerve"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of camino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"camino","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of torcer","gloss":"road"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p8-s5","source":"Lo que hay es que el hombre no ha reparado que está enfermo de cobardía y de cristianismo.","translation":"The thing is, man has not noticed that he is sick with cowardice and Christianity.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p8-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"no ha reparado","title":"«reparar en» — to notice","body":"«reparar en algo» means 'to notice / take note of something'. «Lo que hay es que...» is a common framing idiom, roughly 'the thing is...' / 'what's going on is...', used to introduce the real explanation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms 'lo que' with que; subject of es","gloss":"The thing","note":"'lo que hay es que...' is an idiom for 'the thing is that...'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hay (forms lo que with lo)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause 'lo que hay' (subject of es)","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of reparado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of reparado","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies reparado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of reparado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"reparado","lemma":"reparar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of enfermo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to enfermo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"enfermo","lemma":"enfermo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of reparado","gloss":"sick"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobardía","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"cobardía","lemma":"cobardía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies enfermo","gloss":"cowardice"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cristianismo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"cristianismo","lemma":"cristianismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with cobardía","gloss":"Christianity"}]},{"number":20,"label":"9","id":"el-guino-p9-s1","source":"–¿Pero usted no quería cristianizar a la humanidad?","translation":"“But didn't you want to Christianize humanity?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies quería","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of quería","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quería","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"quería","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did want"},{"surface":"cristianizar","lemma":"cristianizar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quería","gloss":"to Christianize"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking humanidad (personal a)","gloss":"object marker","note":"This is the 'personal a,' required before a human direct object; it has no independent translation."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of humanidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"humanidad","lemma":"humanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cristianizar","gloss":"humanity"}]},{"number":21,"label":"10","id":"el-guino-p10-s1","source":"–No, al montón... pero si ese proyecto fracasa tomaremos un camino contrario.","translation":"“No, not the masses... but if that scheme fails we'll take the opposite road.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"el montón","title":"«el montón» — the herd","body":"«el montón» literally is 'the heap / pile', but applied to people it means 'the crowd, the common run, the herd'. «al montón» here is dismissive: not the great mass of ordinary people. The «a» marks them as the personal direct object of an implied 'Christianize'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montón","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"montón","lemma":"montón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of al (elliptical clause)","gloss":"masses","note":"'al montón' here means 'to the masses/common people,' a figurative use of montón ('pile, heap')."},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fracasa","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proyecto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"proyecto","lemma":"proyecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fracasa","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"fracasa","lemma":"fracasar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tomaremos","gloss":"fails"},{"surface":"tomaremos","lemma":"tomar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll take"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of camino","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"camino","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tomaremos","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"contrario","lemma":"contrario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies camino","gloss":"opposite"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p10-s2","source":"Nosotros no hemos sentado principio alguno todavía, y lo práctico será acaparar los principios más opuestos.","translation":"We haven't laid down any principle yet, and the practical thing will be to corner the most opposing principles.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p10-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"principio alguno","title":"Postposed «alguno» = «ninguno»","body":"When «alguno» follows the noun in a negative sentence it reinforces the negation, equivalent to «ningún»: «no hemos sentado principio alguno» = 'we have not laid down any principle at all'. This postposed «alguno» is more emphatic and literary than «ningún principio»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"subject of sentado","gloss":"We"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hemos","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of sentado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"sentado","lemma":"sentar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laid down"},{"surface":"principio","lemma":"principio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sentado","gloss":"principle"},{"surface":"alguno","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies principio","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"todavía","lemma":"todavía","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentado","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of práctico","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"práctico","lemma":"práctico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"subject of será","gloss":"practical (thing)"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sentado","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"acaparar","lemma":"acaparar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of será","gloss":"to corner"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of principios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"principios","lemma":"principio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of acaparar","gloss":"principles"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies opuestos","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"opuestos","lemma":"opuesto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies principios","gloss":"opposing"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p10-s3","source":"Como en una farmacia, tendremos las mentiras perfectas y diversas, rotuladas para las enfermedades más fantásticas del entendimiento y del alma.","translation":"As in a pharmacy, we'll have lies perfect and varied, labeled for the most fantastic diseases of the mind and the soul.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p10-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of farmacia","gloss":"As"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking farmacia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of farmacia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"farmacia","lemma":"farmacia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tendremos","gloss":"pharmacy"},{"surface":"tendremos","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll have"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mentiras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mentiras","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tendremos","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"perfectas","lemma":"perfecto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mentiras","gloss":"perfect"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"diversas","lemma":"diverso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with perfectas","gloss":"varied"},{"surface":"rotuladas","lemma":"rotular","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mentiras","gloss":"labeled"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enfermedades","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of enfermedades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"enfermedades","lemma":"enfermedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of rotuladas","gloss":"diseases"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fantásticas","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"fantásticas","lemma":"fantástico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies enfermedades","gloss":"fantastic"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking entendimiento","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"entendimiento","lemma":"entendimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies enfermedades","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alma","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with entendimiento","gloss":"soul"}]},{"number":24,"label":"11","id":"el-guino-p11-s1","source":"–¿Sabe que usted me resulta el loco de la usina, como le decía ayer Barsut?","translation":"“You know you strike me as the madman of the power plant, as Barsut was calling you yesterday?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"me resulta","title":"«resultar» — to come across as","body":"«resultar» here means 'to turn out to be / strike one as'. «usted me resulta el loco de la usina» = 'you strike me as the madman of the power plant'. The «me» is an indirect object marking whose impression it is — to me, you seem..."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"You know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of resulta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of resulta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of resulta","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"resulta","lemma":"resultar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Sabe","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of loco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of resulta","gloss":"madman"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usina","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of usina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"usina","lemma":"usina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies loco","gloss":"power plant","note":"usina: Rioplatense term for a power plant/generating station."},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of decía","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of decía","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on resulta","gloss":"was calling"},{"surface":"ayer","lemma":"ayer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies decía","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of decía","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":25,"label":"12","id":"el-guino-p12-s1","source":"–Lo que llamamos locura es la descostumbre del pensamiento de los otros.","translation":"“What we call madness is unfamiliarity with the thinking of others.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms 'lo que' with que; direct object of llamamos","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of llamamos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"llamamos","lemma":"llamar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"verb of the relative clause (subject of es)","gloss":"call"},{"surface":"locura","lemma":"locura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of llamamos","gloss":"madness"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to descostumbre","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of descostumbre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"descostumbre","lemma":"descostumbre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"unfamiliarity"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensamiento","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"pensamiento","lemma":"pensamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies descostumbre","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of otros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pensamiento","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p12-s2","source":"Vea, si ese changador le confesara las ideas que se le ocurren, usted le encerraría en un manicomio.","translation":"Look — if that porter were to confess to you the ideas that occur to him, you would lock him up in an asylum.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p12-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ese changador","title":"«changador» (River Plate)","body":"«changador» is a River Plate word for a porter or odd-job carrier — a man hired to haul luggage or freight. It belongs to the everyday Buenos Aires register Arlt favors over formal Castilian."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"si... confesara... encerraría","title":"Unreal conditional","body":"This is a second-conditional (unreal) sentence: «si» + imperfect subjunctive («confesara») in the if-clause, conditional («encerraría») in the result clause. Pattern: 'if he were to confess..., you would lock him up' — a hypothetical, contrary to fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperative, singular (formal usted)","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Look"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of confesara","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of changador","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"changador","lemma":"changador","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of confesara","gloss":"porter","note":"changador: Rioplatense term for a porter/casual laborer (from 'changa,' an odd job)."},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of confesara","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"confesara","lemma":"confesar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on encerraría","gloss":"were to confess"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ideas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ideas","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of confesara","gloss":"ideas"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ocurren","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ocurren","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of ocurren","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ocurren","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying ideas","gloss":"occur"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of encerraría","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular (leísmo)","role":"direct object of encerraría","gloss":"him","note":"'le' here is direct-object leísmo (common in some Spanish dialects), standing in for 'lo' (him)."},{"surface":"encerraría","lemma":"encerrar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would lock up"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manicomio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of manicomio","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"manicomio","lemma":"manicomio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encerraría","gloss":"asylum"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p12-s3","source":"Naturalmente, como nosotros debe haber pocos... lo esencial es que de nuestros actos recojamos vitalidad y energía.","translation":"Naturally, there must be few like us... the essential thing is that from our acts we gather vitality and energy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p12-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"es que... recojamos","title":"Subjunctive after «lo esencial es que»","body":"An impersonal value judgment — «lo esencial es que» ('the essential thing is that') — triggers the subjunctive in the dependent clause: «recojamos» (present subjunctive of «recoger», 'to gather'). The subjunctive marks the clause as something willed or evaluated, not stated as plain fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Naturalmente","lemma":"naturalmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies haber","gloss":"Naturally"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nosotros","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of haber","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of haber","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"haber","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"pocos","lemma":"poco","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of haber","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of esencial","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esencial","lemma":"esencial","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"essential (thing)"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of recojamos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking actos","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"nuestros","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of actos","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"actos","lemma":"acto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of recojamos","gloss":"acts"},{"surface":"recojamos","lemma":"recoger","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"we gather"},{"surface":"vitalidad","lemma":"vitalidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of recojamos","gloss":"vitality"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"energía","lemma":"energía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with vitalidad","gloss":"energy"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p12-s4","source":"Allí está la salvación.","translation":"There lies salvation.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p12-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies está","gloss":"There"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to salvación","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of salvación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"salvación","lemma":"salvación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"salvation"}]},{"number":29,"label":"13","id":"el-guino-p13-s1","source":"–¿Y Barsut?","translation":"“And Barsut?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":30,"label":"14","id":"el-guino-p14-s1","source":"–Ni sospecha lo que le espera.","translation":"“He doesn't even suspect what awaits him.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p14-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ni sospecha","title":"«ni» = 'not even'","body":"Placed before the verb without another negative, «ni» means 'not even': «Ni sospecha» = 'he doesn't even suspect'. «lo que le espera» ('what awaits him') uses «esperar» in its sense of 'to lie in store for' rather than 'to wait'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"Not even"},{"surface":"sospecha","lemma":"sospechar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"suspects"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms 'lo que' with que; direct object of sospecha","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of espera (forms lo que with lo)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular (leísmo)","role":"direct object of espera","gloss":"him","note":"'le' here is direct-object leísmo, standing in for 'lo' (him)."},{"surface":"espera","lemma":"esperar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sospecha","gloss":"awaits"}]},{"number":31,"label":"15","id":"el-guino-p15-s1","source":"–¿Y cómo lo eliminará?","translation":"“And how will you do away with him?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p15-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies eliminará","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of eliminará","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of eliminará","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"eliminará","lemma":"eliminar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will you eliminate"}]},{"number":32,"label":"16","id":"el-guino-p16-s1","source":"–Bromberg lo estrangulará... No sé, es una cuestión que no me atañe.","translation":"“Bromberg will strangle him... I don't know, it's a matter that doesn't concern me.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p16-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"no me atañe","title":"«atañer» — to concern","body":"«atañer a alguien» means 'to concern / pertain to someone'. It is a defective verb used almost only in the third person. «no me atañe» = 'it doesn't concern me' — the Astrologer coolly disowning a murder he has just ordered."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bromberg","lemma":"Bromberg","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of estrangulará","gloss":"Bromberg"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of estrangulará","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"estrangulará","lemma":"estrangular","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will strangle"},{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cuestión","gloss":"it's"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cuestión","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cuestión","lemma":"cuestión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of atañe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies atañe","gloss":"doesn't"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of atañe","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"atañe","lemma":"atañer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying cuestión","gloss":"concerns"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p16-s2","source":"Bajo el sol, evitando los charcos, se encaminaban hacia la morada.","translation":"Under the sun, avoiding the puddles, they made their way toward the dwelling.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p16-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sol","gloss":"Under"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encaminaban","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"evitando","lemma":"evitar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial gerund modifying encaminaban","gloss":"avoiding"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of charcos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"charcos","lemma":"charco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of evitando","gloss":"puddles"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encaminaban","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"encaminaban","lemma":"encaminar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made their way"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking morada","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of morada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"morada","lemma":"morada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encaminaban","gloss":"dwelling"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p16-s3","source":"Y Erdosain se decía:","translation":"And Erdosain said to himself:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p16-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies decía","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of decía","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive dative particle of decía (decirse)","gloss":"to himself"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":35,"label":"17","id":"el-guino-p17-s1","source":"–Y la ciudad de nosotros, los Reyes, será de mármol blanco y estará a la orilla del mar... y seremos como dioses.","translation":"“And the city of us, the Kings, will be of white marble and will stand at the seashore... and we shall be like gods.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p17-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"será / estará","title":"«ser» vs. «estar» in the future","body":"Both verbs appear in the future here. «será de mármol» uses «ser» for an inherent quality (what the city is made of); «estará a la orilla del mar» uses «estar» for location (where it stands). The contrast — essence vs. position — is the classic «ser»/«estar» split."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"Y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciudad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciudad","lemma":"ciudad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of será","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nosotros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"nosotros","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, masculine, plural","role":"object of preposition de","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of Reyes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Reyes","lemma":"rey","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to nosotros","gloss":"Kings"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to mármol","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mármol","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mármol","lemma":"mármol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition de","gloss":"marble"},{"surface":"blanco","lemma":"blanco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mármol","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"estará","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with será","gloss":"will stand"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orilla","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of orilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orilla","lemma":"orilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estará","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mar","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mar","lemma":"mar","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"object of preposition del","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"seremos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to dioses","gloss":"we will be"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces comparison with dioses","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"dioses","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of seremos","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p17-s2","source":"–Y mirándole con los ojos resplandecientes, dijo a su compañero–: ¿Sabe usted que algún día seremos como dioses?","translation":"And, looking at him with shining eyes, he said to his companion: “Do you know that someday we shall be like gods?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p17-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"Y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links dijo to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"mirándole","lemma":"mirar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause modifying dijo (manner)","gloss":"looking at him"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of mirándole","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"resplandecientes","lemma":"resplandeciente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies ojos","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking compañero","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of compañero","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"compañero","lemma":"compañero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted question","gloss":"do you know"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, second-person formal, singular","role":"subject of Sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of seremos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"algún","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial modifier of seremos","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"seremos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to dioses","gloss":"we shall be"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces comparison with dioses","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"dioses","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of seremos","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":37,"label":"18","id":"el-guino-p18-s1","source":"–Es lo que la gente bestia no comprende.","translation":"“That's what the brute people don't understand.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p18-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of Es, antecedent of que","gloss":"what","note":"«Lo que» together means 'what/that which'; «lo» alone is the neuter pronoun 'the thing.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of comprende","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of comprende","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"bestia","lemma":"bestia","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gente","gloss":"brutish"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies comprende","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"comprende","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying lo","gloss":"understand"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p18-s2","source":"Los han asesinado a los dioses.","translation":"They have murdered the gods.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p18-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Los han asesinado a los dioses","title":"Clitic doubling","body":"River Plate Spanish often doubles a direct object with a pronoun: «Los han asesinado a los dioses» repeats 'them' («los») and 'the gods' («a los dioses») in one clause. The «a» before «los dioses» is the personal «a», marking a definite human(-like) object."}],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of asesinado","gloss":"Them"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of asesinado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"asesinado","lemma":"asesinar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"murdered"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dioses","gloss":"(marks object)","note":"Personal «a» marks a person (or personified being) as the direct object; it has no English translation of its own."},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dioses","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dioses","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of asesinado","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p18-s3","source":"Pero día vendrá que bajo el sol correrán por los caminos gritando: «Lo queremos a Dios, lo necesitamos a Dios».","translation":"But a day will come when under the sun they will run along the roads shouting: \"We want God, we need God\".","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p18-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies vendrá","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vendrá","gloss":"a day"},{"surface":"vendrá","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of correrán","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sol","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of correrán","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"correrán","lemma":"correr","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the clause introduced by que","gloss":"they will run"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caminos","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of caminos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caminos","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of correrán","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"gritando","lemma":"gritar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on correrán","gloss":"shouting"},{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of queremos","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"queremos","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of gritando","gloss":"we want"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dios","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of queremos","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of necesitamos","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"necesitamos","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with queremos","gloss":"we need"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dios","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of necesitamos","gloss":"God"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p18-s4","source":"¡Qué bárbaros!","translation":"What barbarians!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p18-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of bárbaros","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"bárbaros","lemma":"bárbaro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"barbarians"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p18-s5","source":"Yo no me explico cómo lo han podido asesinar a Dios.","translation":"I can't fathom how they have managed to murder God.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p18-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"no me explico","title":"«explicarse» — to understand / fathom","body":"«explicarse algo» (pronominal) means 'to understand / account for something to oneself'. «No me explico cómo...» = 'I can't understand how...'. It is more emphatic and personal than the plain «no entiendo»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of explico","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies explico","gloss":"can't"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of explico","gloss":"myself","note":"«No explicarse algo» is idiomatic for 'to not be able to fathom something.'"},{"surface":"explico","lemma":"explicar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fathom"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"introduces the clause of asesinar","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of asesinar","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of podido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"podido","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"auxiliary of asesinar","gloss":"managed"},{"surface":"asesinar","lemma":"asesinar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of podido","gloss":"murder"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dios","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of asesinar","gloss":"God"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p18-s6","source":"Pero nosotros los resucitaremos... inventaremos unos dioses hermosos... supercivilizados... ¡y qué otra cosa será entonces la vida!","translation":"But we will resurrect them... we'll invent some beautiful gods... super-civilized... and what a different thing life will be then!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p18-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies resucitaremos","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"nosotros","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, masculine, plural","role":"subject of resucitaremos","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of resucitaremos","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"resucitaremos","lemma":"resucitar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will resurrect"},{"surface":"inventaremos","lemma":"inventar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"parallel main verb (new clause)","gloss":"we'll invent"},{"surface":"unos","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dioses","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"dioses","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of inventaremos","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"hermosos","lemma":"hermoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies dioses","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"supercivilizados","lemma":"supercivilizado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies dioses","gloss":"super-civilized"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner, exclamative","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of será","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking vida to cosa","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies será","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of será","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":43,"label":"19","id":"el-guino-p19-s1","source":"–¿Y si fracasara todo?","translation":"“And what if it all failed?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p19-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿Y si fracasara todo?","title":"«¿Y si...?» + imperfect subjunctive","body":"«¿Y si...?» introduces a hypothetical question — 'and what if...?'. With the imperfect subjunctive «fracasara» it frames the failure as remote and unreal: 'what if it all were to fail?' rather than a plain future."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"Y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the exclamation","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fracasara","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"fracasara","lemma":"fracasar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the si-clause","gloss":"failed"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fracasara","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":44,"label":"20","id":"el-guino-p20-s1","source":"–No importa... vendrá otro... vendrá otro que me substituirá.","translation":"“It doesn't matter... another will come... another will come who will replace me.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p20-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies importa","gloss":"Doesn't"},{"surface":"importa","lemma":"importar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause (impersonal)","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"vendrá","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vendrá","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"vendrá","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the third clause (repeated)","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vendrá","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of substituirá","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of substituirá","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"substituirá","lemma":"substituir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying otro","gloss":"will replace"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p20-s2","source":"Así tiene que suceder.","translation":"That is how it has to happen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p20-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suceder","gloss":"That's how"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links tiene to suceder (tener que = have to)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"suceder","lemma":"suceder","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tiene (tener que + infinitive)","gloss":"happen"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p20-s3","source":"Lo único que debemos desear es que la idea germine en las imaginaciones... el día que esté en muchas almas, sucederán cosas hermosas.","translation":"The only thing we must wish for is that the idea germinate in people's imaginations... the day it is in many souls, beautiful things will happen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p20-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que la idea germine","title":"Subjunctive after a verb of wishing","body":"«desear que» ('to wish that') governs the subjunctive: «germine» (present subjunctive of «germinar») and «esté» (of «estar»). Both mark wished-for, not-yet-real events — the idea taking root, then living in many souls."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"modifies único (forms lo único = the only thing)","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"único","lemma":"único","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies lo (forms lo único)","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of desear","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"debemos","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of desear","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"desear","lemma":"desear","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb of the relative clause (modifies lo único)","gloss":"wish for"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of germine","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of idea","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of germine","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"germine","lemma":"germinar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"germinate"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking imaginaciones","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of imaginaciones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"imaginaciones","lemma":"imaginación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of germine","gloss":"imaginations"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sucederán","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of esté","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"esté","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to almas","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking almas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"muchas","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of almas","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"almas","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of esté","gloss":"souls"},{"surface":"sucederán","lemma":"suceder","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the second sentence","gloss":"will happen"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of sucederán","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"hermosas","lemma":"hermoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cosas","gloss":"beautiful"}]},{"number":47,"label":"21","id":"el-guino-p21-s1","source":"Erdosain asombrábase de su serenidad.","translation":"Erdosain marveled at his own serenity.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p21-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"asombrábase","title":"«asombrarse de» with enclitic «se»","body":"«asombrarse de algo» means 'to be amazed / to marvel at something'. «asombrábase» = «se asombraba», with the reflexive «se» attached to the imperfect verb — the same literary enclitic style seen earlier. The imperfect shows a lingering, wondering state."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of asombrábase","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"asombrábase","lemma":"asombrarse","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular, reflexive (enclitic se)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"marveled","note":"Archaic literary style attaches the reflexive pronoun after the verb: «asombrábase» = «se asombraba.»"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking serenidad","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of serenidad","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"serenidad","lemma":"serenidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of asombrábase","gloss":"serenity"}]},{"number":48,"label":"22","id":"el-guino-p22-s1","source":"No temía ya nada, y nuevamente recordó el salón de los Embajadores, y su mirada malévola se recogió en la turbación de los ancianos diplomáticos, cabezas calvas, semblantes plomizos, miradas duras y furtivas, y entonces, sin poderes contener, exclamó:","translation":"He no longer feared anything, and once again he remembered the Ambassadors' hall, and his malevolent gaze fastened on the unease of the old diplomats — bald heads, leaden faces, hard and furtive looks — and then, unable to hold himself back, he exclaimed:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p22-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies temía","gloss":"Not"},{"surface":"temía","lemma":"temer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feared"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies temía","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of temía","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nuevamente","lemma":"nuevamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies recordó","gloss":"once again"},{"surface":"recordó","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with temía","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of salón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"salón","lemma":"salón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of recordó","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Embajadores","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of Embajadores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Embajadores","lemma":"Embajadores","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of preposition de","gloss":"Ambassadors"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of recogió","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"malévola","lemma":"malévolo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"malevolent"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of recogió","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"recogió","lemma":"recoger","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with recordó","gloss":"fastened"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking turbación","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of turbación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"turbación","lemma":"turbación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of recogió","gloss":"unease"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ancianos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ancianos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ancianos","lemma":"anciano","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of preposition de","gloss":"elders"},{"surface":"diplomáticos","lemma":"diplomático","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ancianos","gloss":"diplomatic"},{"surface":"cabezas","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"in apposition to ancianos","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"calvas","lemma":"calva","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cabezas","gloss":"bald"},{"surface":"semblantes","lemma":"semblante","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to ancianos","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"plomizos","lemma":"plomizo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies semblantes","gloss":"leaden"},{"surface":"miradas","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"in apposition to ancianos","gloss":"looks"},{"surface":"duras","lemma":"duro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies miradas","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"furtivas","lemma":"furtivo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with duras","gloss":"furtive"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies exclamó","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poderes","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"poderes","lemma":"poder","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of sin, governs contener","gloss":"being able","note":"Likely a period spelling merging «poder» with the reflexive «se» («poderse contener» = 'to hold himself back')."},{"surface":"contener","lemma":"contener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of poder(es), leads to exclamó","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"exclamó","lemma":"exclamar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the final clause","gloss":"exclaimed"}]},{"number":49,"label":"23","id":"el-guino-p23-s1","source":"–¡Qué tanto «joder» para retorcerle el pescuezo a esa bestia!","translation":"“So much \"fucking\" fuss just to wring that beast's neck!”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p23-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"«joder»","title":"«joder» — coarse 'to mess about'","body":"«joder» is a vulgar verb meaning 'to screw / mess about / make a fuss'. «¡Qué tanto joder!» is an exasperated idiom — 'why all this fuss / messing around!'. «retorcerle el pescuezo a alguien» literally 'to wring someone's neck'; «pescuezo» is the (animal's) neck, contemptuous when used of a person."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of joder","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies joder (qué tanto = so much)","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"joder","lemma":"joder","morphology":"verb, infinitive, nominalized","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fucking"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of retorcerle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"retorcerle","lemma":"retorcer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose infinitive complement of para","gloss":"wring"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pescuezo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pescuezo","lemma":"pescuezo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of retorcerle","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bestia","gloss":"of","note":"Dative of possession: «a esa bestia» = 'that beast's,' marking the possessor of el pescuezo."},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bestia","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"bestia","lemma":"bestia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of retorcerle (dative of possession)","gloss":"beast"}]},{"number":50,"label":"24","id":"el-guino-p24-s1","source":"El otro lo miró sorprendido.","translation":"The other man looked at him, surprised.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p24-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of miró","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of miró","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"miró","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"sorprendido","lemma":"sorprendido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective modifying otro (subject)","gloss":"surprised"}]},{"number":51,"label":"25","id":"el-guino-p25-s1","source":"–¿Está nervioso o es que se enoja solo, como los elefantes?","translation":"“Are you on edge, or is it that you get angry all by yourself, like the elephants?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p25-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"es que se enoja","title":"«es que» — 'is it that'","body":"«es que...» frames an explanation or alternative — here 'or is it that you get angry...'. «enojarse» ('to get angry') is the standard River Plate verb where Spain often prefers «enfadarse». «solo» here means 'by oneself, alone'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to nervioso","gloss":"Are you"},{"surface":"nervioso","lemma":"nervioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"on edge"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Está","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of enoja","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of enoja","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"enoja","lemma":"enojar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"get angry"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective modifying subject (alone)","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces comparison with elefantes","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of elefantes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"elefantes","lemma":"elefante","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of preposition como","gloss":"elephants"}]},{"number":52,"label":"26","id":"el-guino-p26-s1","source":"–No, me revienta esta carga de escrúpulo antiguo.","translation":"“No, this load of old scruple is driving me crazy.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p26-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"me revienta","title":"«reventar» — to exasperate","body":"Colloquially «algo le revienta a uno» means 'something gets on one's nerves / drives one up the wall'. It works like «gustar» in reverse: the thing that annoys is the subject, and «me» is the person annoyed — 'this old scruple revolts me'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"interjection (independent of the sentence)","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of revienta","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"revienta","lemma":"reventar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drives crazy"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of carga","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"carga","lemma":"carga","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of revienta","gloss":"load"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escrúpulo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"escrúpulo","lemma":"escrúpulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies carga","gloss":"scruple"},{"surface":"antiguo","lemma":"antiguo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies escrúpulo","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":53,"label":"27","id":"el-guino-p27-s1","source":"–Así son los mocitos –repuso el Astrólogo–.","translation":"“That's how young lads are,” the Astrologer replied.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p27-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"los mocitos","title":"«mocito» — young lad","body":"«mocito» is the diminutive of «mozo» ('young man, lad'), here faintly condescending — 'the young fellows'. «repuso» is the preterite of «reponer» in its sense of 'to reply, retort', common in narrative dialogue tags."}],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of son","gloss":"That's how"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to mocitos","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of mocitos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mocitos","lemma":"mocito","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of son","gloss":"young lads"},{"surface":"repuso","lemma":"reponer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"replied"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of repuso","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p27-s2","source":"Su vida es parecida a la de un gato entre una puerta entreabierta.","translation":"Their life is like that of a cat caught in a half-open door.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p27-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"Their"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to parecida","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"parecida","lemma":"parecido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking la","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"pronoun referring to vida (elliptical: la vida de un gato)","gloss":"that","note":"Elliptical «la» stands in for «vida»: «la de un gato» = 'that (life) of a cat.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gato","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gato","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gato","lemma":"gato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition de","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puerta","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of entre","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"entreabierta","lemma":"entreabierto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies puerta","gloss":"half-open"}]},{"number":55,"label":"28","id":"el-guino-p28-s1","source":"–¿Asisto a la ejecución?","translation":"“May I be present at the execution?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p28-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"¿Asisto a","title":"«asistir a» — to attend","body":"«asistir a algo» means 'to attend / be present at something' — a false friend for English 'assist', which would be «ayudar». The bare present «¿Asisto a la ejecución?» asks permission: 'Am I to attend / shall I attend the execution?'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Asisto","lemma":"asistir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"May I attend"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ejecución","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ejecución","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ejecución","lemma":"ejecución","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition a","gloss":"execution"}]},{"number":56,"label":"29","id":"el-guino-p29-s1","source":"–¿Le interesa?","translation":"“Does it interest you?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p29-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of interesa","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"interesa","lemma":"interesar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"interests"}]},{"number":57,"label":"30","id":"el-guino-p30-s1","source":"–Mucho.","translation":"“Very much.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p30-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Very much"}]},{"number":58,"label":"31","id":"el-guino-p31-s1","source":"Pero al atravesar la puerta de la quinta, una náusea le revolvió el estómago y sintió en la garganta el reflejo gástrico de un vómito.","translation":"But as he crossed the gateway of the country house, a nausea turned his stomach and he felt in his throat the gastric reflex of a vomit.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p31-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la quinta","title":"«quinta» — country house","body":"«quinta» is a country house or villa with grounds on the outskirts of a city — the conspirators' hideout. «al atravesar la puerta» uses «al» + infinitive ('on crossing the door'), the time construction seen at the very start of the novel."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies revolvió","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atravesar","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"atravesar","lemma":"atravesar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on revolvió","gloss":"crossing"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of atravesar","gloss":"gateway"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quinta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quinta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quinta","lemma":"quinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition de","gloss":"country house"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of náusea","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"náusea","lemma":"náusea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of revolvió","gloss":"nausea"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of revolvió","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"revolvió","lemma":"revolver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of estómago","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estómago","lemma":"estómago","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of revolvió","gloss":"stomach"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sintió","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with revolvió","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking garganta","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of garganta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"garganta","lemma":"garganta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sintió","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of reflejo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"reflejo","lemma":"reflejo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sintió","gloss":"reflex"},{"surface":"gástrico","lemma":"gástrico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies reflejo","gloss":"gastric"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vómito","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vómito","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vómito","lemma":"vómito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition de","gloss":"vomit"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p31-s2","source":"Apenas si se podía tener en pie.","translation":"He could barely stay on his feet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p31-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Apenas si","title":"«apenas si» — barely","body":"«apenas si» is an intensified 'barely / scarcely'; the «si» is emphatic and adds no condition. «tenerse en pie» is a fixed idiom, 'to keep / stay on one's feet'. Together: 'he could scarcely stay on his feet'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Apenas","lemma":"apenas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies podía","gloss":"Barely"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"intensifier particle with apenas (apenas si = barely)","gloss":"just","note":"«Apenas si» is a fixed intensifier meaning 'barely, scarcely'; «si» does not mean 'if' here."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of tener","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tener","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pie","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"pie","lemma":"pie","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tener","gloss":"feet"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p31-s3","source":"En sus ojos las formas estaban veladas por una neblina lechosa.","translation":"In his eyes the shapes were veiled by a milky mist.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p31-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of estaban","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of formas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"formas","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of estaban","gloss":"shapes"},{"surface":"estaban","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to veladas","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"veladas","lemma":"velar","morphology":"verb, past participle, feminine, plural","role":"predicate participle with estaban (passive)","gloss":"veiled"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking neblina","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of neblina","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"neblina","lemma":"neblina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of veladas","gloss":"mist"},{"surface":"lechosa","lemma":"lechoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies neblina","gloss":"milky"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p31-s4","source":"De las articulaciones le colgaban los brazos con pesantez de miembros de bronce.","translation":"From the joints his arms hung with the heaviness of limbs of bronze.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p31-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking articulaciones","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of articulaciones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"articulaciones","lemma":"articulación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of colgaban","gloss":"joints"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"dative of possession, modifies brazos","gloss":"his","note":"Dative 'le' marks possession here ('his arms'), not a direct object."},{"surface":"colgaban","lemma":"colgar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of colgaban","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pesantez","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"pesantez","lemma":"pesantez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of colgaban","gloss":"heaviness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking miembros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"miembros","lemma":"miembro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pesantez","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bronce","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bronce","lemma":"bronce","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies miembros","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p31-s5","source":"Caminaba sin conciencia de la distancia; el aire le pareció que se vitrificaba, el suelo ondulaba bajo sus plantas, a momentos la vertical de los árboles se convertía en un zig–zag dentro de sus ojos.","translation":"He walked with no sense of distance; the air seemed to him to turn to glass, the ground undulated beneath the soles of his feet, and at moments the upright line of the trees turned into a zigzag within his eyes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p31-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Caminaba","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"He walked"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conciencia","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"conciencia","lemma":"conciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Caminaba","gloss":"sense"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking distancia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of distancia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"distancia","lemma":"distancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies conciencia","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aire","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aire","lemma":"aire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pareció","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pareció","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"pareció","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of a coordinate clause (parallel to Caminaba)","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vitrificaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of vitrificaba","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"vitrificaba","lemma":"vitrificar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on pareció","gloss":"was turning to glass"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of suelo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suelo","lemma":"suelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ondulaba","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ondulaba","lemma":"ondular","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of a coordinate clause (parallel to Caminaba)","gloss":"undulated"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plantas","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of plantas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"plantas","lemma":"planta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ondulaba","gloss":"soles"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momentos","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"momentos","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of preposition a, adverbial on convertía","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vertical","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vertical","lemma":"vertical","morphology":"noun (used substantively), feminine, singular","role":"subject of convertía","gloss":"upright line","note":"'vertical' is used here as a noun ('the vertical line'), not as the adjective."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking árboles","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of árboles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"árboles","lemma":"árbol","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies vertical","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of convertía","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"convertía","lemma":"convertir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of a coordinate clause (parallel to Caminaba)","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking zig–zag","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of zig–zag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"zig–zag","lemma":"zig–zag","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of convertía","gloss":"zigzag"},{"surface":"dentro","lemma":"dentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial complement of convertía","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of dentro","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":63,"label":"32","id":"el-guino-p32-s1","source":"Respiraba con fatiga, tenía la lengua reseca e inútilmente trataba de humedecerse los labios apergaminados y las fauces ardientes, y sólo una voluntad de vergüenza lo mantenía en pie.","translation":"He breathed wearily, his tongue was parched, and he tried in vain to moisten his shriveled lips and his burning throat, and only a will born of shame kept him on his feet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p32-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Respiraba","lemma":"respirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with trataba","gloss":"He breathed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fatiga","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"fatiga","lemma":"fatiga","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Respiraba","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with trataba","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lengua","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"lengua","lemma":"lengua","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"tongue"},{"surface":"reseca","lemma":"reseco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lengua","gloss":"parched"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inútilmente","lemma":"inútilmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trataba","gloss":"in vain"},{"surface":"trataba","lemma":"tratar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of humedecerse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"humedecerse","lemma":"humedecer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of trataba","gloss":"to moisten"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of labios","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"labios","lemma":"labio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of humedecerse","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"apergaminados","lemma":"apergaminado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies labios","gloss":"shriveled"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fauces","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"fauces","lemma":"fauce","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with labios","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"ardientes","lemma":"ardiente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies fauces","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voluntad","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voluntad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"voluntad","lemma":"voluntad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of mantenía","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vergüenza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vergüenza","lemma":"vergüenza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies voluntad","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mantenía","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"mantenía","lemma":"mantener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with trataba","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pie","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"pie","lemma":"pie","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mantenía","gloss":"his feet"}]},{"number":64,"label":"33","id":"el-guino-p33-s1","source":"Cuando entreabrió los ojos descendía por la escalerilla de la cochera en compañía de Bromberg.","translation":"When he half-opened his eyes he was going down the little stairway of the coach house in Bromberg's company.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p33-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"entreabrió / descendía","title":"Preterite vs. imperfect together","body":"The two past tenses do different jobs in one sentence: «entreabrió» (preterite) is the single completed act — 'he half-opened (his eyes)'; «descendía» (imperfect) is the ongoing background already underway — 'he was (already) going down'. Spanish narration constantly pairs them this way."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of entreabrió","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"entreabrió","lemma":"entreabrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on descendía","gloss":"he half-opened"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of entreabrió","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"descendía","lemma":"descender","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he was going down"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escalerilla","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of escalerilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"escalerilla","lemma":"escalerilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of descendía","gloss":"little stairway"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cochera","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cochera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cochera","lemma":"cochera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies escalerilla","gloss":"coach house"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en compañía de","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"compañía","lemma":"compañía","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en compañía de","gloss":"company"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en compañía de","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Bromberg","lemma":"Bromberg","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of descendía","gloss":"Bromberg"}]},{"number":65,"label":"34","id":"el-guino-p34-s1","source":"El Hombre que vio a la Partera marchaba como atontado con la greñuda cabellera alborotada.","translation":"The Man Who Saw the Midwife walked along as if dazed, with his shaggy hair in a tangle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p34-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Hombre","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Hombre","lemma":"Hombre","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of marchaba","gloss":"Man","note":"Capitalized as part of this character's nickname, 'the Man Who Saw the Midwife.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of vio","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"vio","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Hombre","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks Partera as the direct object of vio","gloss":"(marks object)","note":"This is the 'personal a,' required before a direct object naming a specific person — it doesn't mean 'to' here."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Partera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Partera","lemma":"Partera","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of vio","gloss":"Midwife"},{"surface":"marchaba","lemma":"marchar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked along"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with atontado","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"atontado","lemma":"atontado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of marchaba","gloss":"dazed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabellera","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabellera","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"greñuda","lemma":"greñudo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cabellera","gloss":"shaggy"},{"surface":"cabellera","lemma":"cabellera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of marchaba","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"alborotada","lemma":"alborotado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cabellera","gloss":"in a tangle"}]},{"number":66,"label":"35","id":"el-guino-p35-s1","source":"Tenía los pantalones superfluamente sostenidos por la pretina, y un trozo de camisa blanca como la punta de un pañuelo escapaba de su bragueta.","translation":"His trousers were superfluously held up by the waistband, and a scrap of white shirt like the tip of a handkerchief was escaping from his fly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p35-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pantalones","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pantalones","lemma":"pantalón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Tenía","gloss":"trousers"},{"surface":"superfluamente","lemma":"superfluamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sostenidos","gloss":"superfluously"},{"surface":"sostenidos","lemma":"sostenido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pantalones","gloss":"held up"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pretina","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pretina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pretina","lemma":"pretina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sostenidos","gloss":"waistband"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of trozo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"trozo","lemma":"trozo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of escapaba","gloss":"scrap"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking camisa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"camisa","lemma":"camisa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies trozo","gloss":"shirt"},{"surface":"blanca","lemma":"blanco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies camisa","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison modifying blanca","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of punta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"punta","lemma":"punta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies blanca","gloss":"tip"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pañuelo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pañuelo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pañuelo","lemma":"pañuelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies punta","gloss":"handkerchief"},{"surface":"escapaba","lemma":"escapar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Tenía","gloss":"was escaping"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bragueta","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of bragueta","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"bragueta","lemma":"bragueta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of escapaba","gloss":"fly"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p35-s2","source":"Y se tapaba la boca con el puño arrojando enormes bostezos.","translation":"And he covered his mouth with his fist, letting out enormous yawns.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p35-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the preceding sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"dative of possession, modifies boca","gloss":"his","note":"'la boca' (w4/w5) is already the direct object of tapaba, so 'se' cannot also be an accusative reflexive object — it is the dative marking whose mouth ('his own'), the same dative-of-possession pattern the gloss agent correctly identified for 'le' in el-guino-p31-s4-w4 ('le colgaban los brazos')."},{"surface":"tapaba","lemma":"tapar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of boca","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"boca","lemma":"boca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tapaba","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puño","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of puño","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"puño","lemma":"puño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tapaba","gloss":"fist"},{"surface":"arrojando","lemma":"arrojar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on tapaba","gloss":"letting out"},{"surface":"enormes","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies bostezos","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"bostezos","lemma":"bostezo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of arrojando","gloss":"yawns"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p35-s3","source":"Pero su mirada somnolienta, perdidosa, parecía ajena a su actitud de patán.","translation":"But his sleepy, wandering gaze seemed foreign to his oafish bearing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p35-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence, contrastive with the preceding","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of parecía","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"somnolienta","lemma":"somnoliento","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"sleepy"},{"surface":"perdidosa","lemma":"perdidoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada, coordinated with somnolienta","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"ajena","lemma":"ajeno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of parecía","gloss":"foreign"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking actitud","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of actitud","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"actitud","lemma":"actitud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ajena","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking patán","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"patán","lemma":"patán","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies actitud","gloss":"oafish"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p35-s4","source":"Eran hermosos ojos los suyos, serios e incoherentes como los de las grandes bestias, entre los párpados pestañudos que sombreaban sus ojeras en un redondo y fino rostro de doncella.","translation":"His eyes were beautiful, grave and incoherent like those of the great beasts, between thick-lashed eyelids that shadowed the rings beneath them in a round, delicate maiden's face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p35-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to ojos","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"hermosos","lemma":"hermoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ojos","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of Eran","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of suyos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suyos","lemma":"suyo","morphology":"pronoun, possessive, masculine, plural","role":"subject of Eran","gloss":"his","note":"'los suyos' = 'his own [eyes]' — the article stands in for the repeated noun 'ojos.'"},{"surface":"serios","lemma":"serio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies suyos, coordinated with hermosos","gloss":"grave"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"incoherentes","lemma":"incoherente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies suyos, coordinated with serios","gloss":"incoherent"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with suyos","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"pronoun ('those'), complement of como","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bestias","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of bestias","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grandes","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies bestias","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"bestias","lemma":"bestia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies los (those)","gloss":"beasts"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking párpados","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of párpados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"párpados","lemma":"párpado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies suyos","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"pestañudos","lemma":"pestañudo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies párpados","gloss":"thick-lashed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sombreaban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sombreaban","lemma":"sombrear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying párpados","gloss":"shadowed"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ojeras","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ojeras","lemma":"ojera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of sombreaban","gloss":"rings"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rostro","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"redondo","lemma":"redondo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rostro, coordinated with fino","gloss":"round"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fino","lemma":"fino","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"delicate"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition en, modifies sombreaban","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking doncella","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"doncella","lemma":"doncella","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"maiden's"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p35-s5","source":"Erdosain lo miró, pero el otro pareció no verle, sumergido en su magnífica incoherencia.","translation":"Erdosain looked at him, but the other seemed not to see him, submerged in his magnificent incoherence.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p35-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of miró","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of miró","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"miró","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pareció","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"pareció","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with miró","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies verle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"verle","lemma":"ver él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pareció","gloss":"to see him"},{"surface":"sumergido","lemma":"sumergido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies otro","gloss":"submerged"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking incoherencia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of incoherencia","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"magnífica","lemma":"magnífico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies incoherencia","gloss":"magnificent"},{"surface":"incoherencia","lemma":"incoherencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sumergido","gloss":"incoherence"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p35-s6","source":"Luego miró embobado al Astrólogo, éste le hizo una seña con la cabeza y después de abrirle el candado entraron los tres al establo.","translation":"Then he stared dumbstruck at the Astrologer, who gave him a sign with his head, and after opening the padlock for him the three of them entered the stable.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p35-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"embobado","title":"«embobado» — dumbstruck","body":"«embobado» means 'gaping, dumbstruck, in a daze' — staring with mouth open, wits gone. It reinforces Bromberg's animal, half-present stupor as he is led to commit the murder."}],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies miró","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"miró","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stared"},{"surface":"embobado","lemma":"embobado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of miró (manner)","gloss":"dumbstruck"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of miró","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hizo","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hizo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"hizo","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with miró","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of seña","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"seña","lemma":"seña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hizo","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabeza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hizo","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies entraron","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of abrirle","gloss":"of","note":"'después de' + infinitive = 'after doing' something."},{"surface":"abrirle","lemma":"abrir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of de (después de abrirle)","gloss":"opening it for him"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of candado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"candado","lemma":"candado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of abrirle","gloss":"padlock"},{"surface":"entraron","lemma":"entrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with hizo","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"subject of entraron","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking establo","gloss":"into the"},{"surface":"establo","lemma":"establo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of entraron","gloss":"stable"}]},{"number":72,"label":"36","id":"el-guino-p36-s1","source":"Barsut se levantó de un brinco: iba a hablar.","translation":"Barsut sprang up with a leap: he was going to speak.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p36-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"de un brinco","title":"«de un brinco» — in one bound","body":"«de un brinco» means 'with a single leap / in one bound'. «iba a hablar» is the imperfect of «ir a» + infinitive, the past 'was going to' — an intention cut off by what follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of levantó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sprang up"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brinco","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of brinco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"brinco","lemma":"brinco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of levantó","gloss":"leap"},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hablar","gloss":"was going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hablar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hablar","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of iba","gloss":"speak"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p36-s2","source":"Bromberg describió una curva en el aire y un choque de cráneos contra las tablas retumbó en la cochera.","translation":"Bromberg traced a curve in the air and a smash of skulls against the boards thudded through the coach house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p36-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bromberg","lemma":"Bromberg","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of describió","gloss":"Bromberg"},{"surface":"describió","lemma":"describir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"traced"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of curva","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"curva","lemma":"curva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of describió","gloss":"curve"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aire","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aire","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aire","lemma":"aire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of describió","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of choque","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"choque","lemma":"choque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of retumbó","gloss":"smash"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cráneos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cráneos","lemma":"cráneo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies choque","gloss":"skulls"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tablas","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of tablas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tablas","lemma":"tabla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies choque","gloss":"boards"},{"surface":"retumbó","lemma":"retumbar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with describió","gloss":"thudded"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cochera","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cochera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cochera","lemma":"cochera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of retumbó","gloss":"coach house"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p36-s3","source":"En el polvo el sol alargaba un losange amarillo.","translation":"In the dust the sun stretched out a yellow lozenge.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p36-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking polvo","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of polvo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"polvo","lemma":"polvo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of alargaba","gloss":"dust"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of alargaba","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"alargaba","lemma":"alargar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stretched out"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of losange","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"losange","lemma":"losange","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of alargaba","gloss":"lozenge"},{"surface":"amarillo","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies losange","gloss":"yellow"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p36-s4","source":"Del montón informe se desprendían ronquidos sordos.","translation":"From the shapeless heap came muffled rattling groans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p36-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montón","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"montón","lemma":"montón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition Del","gloss":"heap"},{"surface":"informe","lemma":"informe","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies montón","gloss":"shapeless"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desprendían","gloss":"themselves","note":"'desprenderse' is inherently reflexive here, meaning 'to come loose, to emanate' — nothing literally acts on itself."},{"surface":"desprendían","lemma":"desprender","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came loose"},{"surface":"ronquidos","lemma":"ronquido","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of desprendían","gloss":"groans"},{"surface":"sordos","lemma":"sordo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ronquidos","gloss":"muffled"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p36-s5","source":"Erdosain seguía con curiosidad cruel la lucha, y de pronto de la cintura de Bromberg, que estaba abultado sobre Barsut con los dos enormes brazos tensos en la sujeción de un pescuezo contra el suelo, se desprendió el pantalón, quedando con las nalgas blancas en descubierto y la camisa sobre los riñones.","translation":"Erdosain followed the struggle with cruel curiosity, and suddenly from Bromberg's waist — as he loomed bulky over Barsut, his two enormous arms taut in pinning a neck against the floor — the trousers came loose, leaving his white buttocks exposed and his shirt up over the small of his back.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p36-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of seguía","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"seguía","lemma":"seguir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking curiosidad","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"curiosidad","lemma":"curiosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of seguía","gloss":"curiosity"},{"surface":"cruel","lemma":"cruel","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies curiosidad","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lucha","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lucha","lemma":"lucha","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of seguía","gloss":"struggle"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de pronto","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom de pronto","gloss":"suddenly","note":"'de pronto' is a two-word idiom meaning 'suddenly.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cintura","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cintura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cintura","lemma":"cintura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desprendió","gloss":"waist"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Bromberg","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Bromberg","lemma":"Bromberg","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies cintura","gloss":"Bromberg"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of abultado","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to abultado","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"abultado","lemma":"abultado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying Bromberg","gloss":"bulky"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of abultado","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies brazos","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"enormes","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies brazos","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of tensos","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"tensos","lemma":"tenso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies brazos","gloss":"taut"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sujeción","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sujeción","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sujeción","lemma":"sujeción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tensos","gloss":"pinning"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pescuezo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pescuezo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pescuezo","lemma":"pescuezo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sujeción","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking suelo","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of suelo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suelo","lemma":"suelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sujeción","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desprendió","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"desprendió","lemma":"desprender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with seguía","gloss":"came loose"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pantalón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pantalón","lemma":"pantalón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of desprendió","gloss":"trousers"},{"surface":"quedando","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on desprendió","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nalgas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nalgas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nalgas","lemma":"nalga","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of quedando","gloss":"buttocks"},{"surface":"blancas","lemma":"blanco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies nalgas","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking descubierto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"descubierto","lemma":"descubierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular (used substantively)","role":"object of en, forming the idiom en descubierto","gloss":"exposed","note":"'en descubierto' here means 'bared, exposed' (compare the modern equivalent 'al descubierto')."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of camisa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"camisa","lemma":"camisa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with nalgas","gloss":"shirt"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking riñones","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of riñones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"riñones","lemma":"riñón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies camisa","gloss":"lower back","note":"'riñones' literally means 'kidneys' but idiomatically refers to the small of the back."}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p36-s6","source":"Y el sordo ronquido no fue ya.","translation":"And the muffled rattle was no more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p36-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no fue ya","title":"«ser» as 'to exist' + «ya»","body":"Here «ser» means 'to be / exist' rather than to link a quality: «no fue ya» = 'it was no longer', 'it ceased to be'. The terse preterite marks the exact instant the strangled man's death rattle stops — the moment of death stated in three words."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ronquido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sordo","lemma":"sordo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ronquido","gloss":"muffled"},{"surface":"ronquido","lemma":"ronquido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fue","gloss":"rattle"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fue","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fue","gloss":"any more","note":"'no … ya' together mean 'no longer, no more.'"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p36-s7","source":"Hubo un instante de silencio, mientras el asesino, semidesnudo, inmóvil, oprimía más fuertemente la garganta del muerto.","translation":"There was a moment of silence, while the murderer, half-naked, motionless, pressed more tightly on the dead man's throat.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p36-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hubo","title":"«hubo» — preterite of «haber»","body":"«hubo» is the impersonal preterite of «haber», 'there was (and then it ended)' — used for a bounded event, against the imperfect «había» for an ongoing state. Paired with the imperfect «oprimía» ('was pressing'), the sentence sets a finished silence over a continuing action."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hubo","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instante","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"instante","lemma":"instante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Hubo","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silencio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"silencio","lemma":"silencio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies instante","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of oprimía","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of asesino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"asesino","lemma":"asesino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of oprimía","gloss":"murderer"},{"surface":"semidesnudo","lemma":"semidesnudo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies asesino","gloss":"half-naked"},{"surface":"inmóvil","lemma":"inmóvil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies asesino","gloss":"motionless"},{"surface":"oprimía","lemma":"oprimir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Hubo","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fuertemente","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"fuertemente","lemma":"fuertemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oprimía","gloss":"tightly"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of garganta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"garganta","lemma":"garganta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of oprimía","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muerto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"muerto","lemma":"muerto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies garganta","gloss":"dead man"}]},{"number":79,"label":"37","id":"el-guino-p37-s1","source":"Erdosain miraba, nada más.","translation":"Erdosain watched, nothing more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p37-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of miraba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"miraba","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of miraba","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":80,"label":"38","id":"el-guino-p38-s1","source":"El Astrólogo aguardaba con el reloj en la mano.","translation":"The Astrologer waited with the watch in his hand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p38-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of aguardaba","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"aguardaba","lemma":"aguardar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"waited"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking reloj","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of reloj","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"reloj","lemma":"reloj","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aguardaba","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mano","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aguardaba","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p38-s2","source":"Así estuvieron dos minutos, que en Erdosain no tuvieron longitud.","translation":"Thus they remained for two minutes, which for Erdosain had no length.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p38-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estuvieron","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"estuvieron","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"they remained"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies minutos","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"minutos","lemma":"minuto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"duration complement of estuvieron","gloss":"minutes"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tuvieron","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of tuvieron","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tuvieron","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"tuvieron","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying minutos","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"longitud","lemma":"longitud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tuvieron","gloss":"length"}]},{"number":82,"label":"39","id":"el-guino-p39-s1","source":"–Basta, ya está.","translation":"“Enough — that's it.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p39-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ya está","title":"«ya está» — 'that's it / it's done'","body":"«ya está» is a high-frequency idiom meaning 'that's it / it's done / there you go'. Here, chillingly, it announces that the killing is finished. «Basta» on its own means 'enough, stop'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Basta","lemma":"bastar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular (used as an interjection)","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Enough!"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies está","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Basta","gloss":"it's done","note":"'ya está' is a fixed idiom meaning 'that's it' or 'it's done.'"}]},{"number":83,"label":"40","id":"el-guino-p40-s1","source":"Torpe, con el pelo pegado a la frente, volvióse Bromberg, y sin fijar en nadie su mirada incoherente, cogió ruborizado las puntas de su pantalón, abrochándoselo apresuradamente.","translation":"Clumsy, his hair stuck to his forehead, Bromberg turned around, and without fixing his incoherent gaze on anyone, blushing, he caught up the ends of his trousers and hurriedly buttoned them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p40-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"abrochándoselo","title":"Two pronouns on one gerund","body":"«abrochándoselo» stacks two enclitic pronouns on the gerund «abrochando»: «se» (reflexive, 'for himself') + «lo» ('it', the trousers) — 'buttoning it up for himself'. When two pronouns attach, the indirect/reflexive comes first; the original stress is kept with a written accent."}],"words":[{"surface":"Torpe","lemma":"torpe","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Bromberg","gloss":"clumsy"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pelo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pelo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pelo","lemma":"pelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pegado","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"pegado","lemma":"pegado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pelo","gloss":"stuck"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frente","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pegado","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"volvióse","lemma":"volverse","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular, with enclitic reflexive pronoun","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned around","note":"'volvióse' = 'se volvió' (turned around); Arlt attaches the reflexive pronoun to the end of the verb, an older literary word order."},{"surface":"Bromberg","lemma":"Bromberg","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of volvióse","gloss":"Bromberg"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fijar","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"fijar","lemma":"fijar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on cogió","gloss":"fixing"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nadie","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of fijar","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of fijar","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"incoherente","lemma":"incoherente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"incoherent"},{"surface":"cogió","lemma":"coger","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with volvióse","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"ruborizado","lemma":"ruborizado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Bromberg","gloss":"blushing"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of puntas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puntas","lemma":"punta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of cogió","gloss":"ends"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pantalón","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pantalón","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pantalón","lemma":"pantalón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies puntas","gloss":"trousers"},{"surface":"abrochándoselo","lemma":"abrochar se lo","morphology":"verb, gerund, with enclitic reflexive and accusative pronouns","role":"adverbial clause on cogió","gloss":"buttoning them","note":"'abrochándoselo' stacks gerund 'abrochando' + reflexive 'se' + 'lo' ('them', the trousers) = 'buttoning them up.'"},{"surface":"apresuradamente","lemma":"apresuradamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abrochándoselo","gloss":"hurriedly"}]},{"number":84,"label":"41","id":"el-guino-p41-s1","source":"Había salido de la cochera el asesino.","translation":"The murderer had gone out of the coach house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p41-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of salido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"salido","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gone out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cochera","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cochera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cochera","lemma":"cochera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of salido","gloss":"coach house"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of asesino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"asesino","lemma":"asesino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of salido","gloss":"murderer"}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p41-s2","source":"Erdosain lo siguió, y el Astrólogo, que era el último, se volvió a mirarlo al estrangulado.","translation":"Erdosain followed him, and the Astrologer, who was last, turned back to look at the strangled man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p41-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of siguió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of siguió","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"siguió","lemma":"seguir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of volvió","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of último","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to último","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of último","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"último","lemma":"último","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying Astrólogo","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of volvió","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with siguió","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of mirarlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mirarlo","lemma":"mirar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of volvió","gloss":"look at him","note":"'mirarlo al estrangulado' doubles the object (mirarlo … al estrangulado) — a common colloquial redundancy simply meaning 'look at the strangled man.'"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estrangulado","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"estrangulado","lemma":"estrangulado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular (used substantively)","role":"oblique complement of mirarlo, in apposition to lo","gloss":"strangled man"}]},{"number":86,"label":"42","id":"el-guino-p42-s1","source":"Este permanecía en el suelo, con la cabeza vuelta hacia el techo, las mandíbulas distendidas y la lengua pegada al vértice de los labios torcidos en una comisura que descubría los dientes.","translation":"He lay there on the floor, his head turned toward the ceiling, his jaws slack and his tongue stuck to the corner of his lips, twisted into a grimace that bared the teeth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p42-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Este","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of permanecía","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"permanecía","lemma":"permanecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking suelo","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of suelo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suelo","lemma":"suelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of permanecía","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabeza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of vuelta","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"vuelta","lemma":"vuelto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cabeza","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking techo","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of techo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"techo","lemma":"techo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vuelta","gloss":"ceiling"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mandíbulas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mandíbulas","lemma":"mandíbula","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of distendidas","gloss":"jaws"},{"surface":"distendidas","lemma":"distendido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mandíbulas","gloss":"slack"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lengua","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lengua","lemma":"lengua","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of pegada","gloss":"tongue"},{"surface":"pegada","lemma":"pegado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lengua","gloss":"stuck"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vértice","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"vértice","lemma":"vértice","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pegada","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking labios","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of labios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"labios","lemma":"labio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies vértice","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"torcidos","lemma":"torcido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies labios","gloss":"twisted"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comisura","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of comisura","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"comisura","lemma":"comisura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of torcidos","gloss":"grimace","note":"'comisura' literally means 'corner of the mouth'; rendered here as 'grimace' for the twisted expression it forms."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of descubría","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"descubría","lemma":"descubrir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying comisura","gloss":"bared"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dientes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dientes","lemma":"diente","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of descubría","gloss":"teeth"}]},{"number":87,"label":"43","id":"el-guino-p43-s1","source":"En esa circunstancia ocurrió un suceso extraño, del que no se dio cuenta Erdosain.","translation":"At that moment a strange thing occurred, which Erdosain did not notice.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p43-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking circunstancia","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of circunstancia","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"circunstancia","lemma":"circunstancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ocurrió","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"ocurrió","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"occurred"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of suceso","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"suceso","lemma":"suceso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ocurrió","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"extraño","lemma":"extraño","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies suceso","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"of which"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of dio","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dio","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dio","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"dio","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying suceso","gloss":"notice","note":"'darse cuenta de algo' is an idiom meaning 'to notice, to realize something' — se dio cuenta = became aware."},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with dio","gloss":"notice"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dio","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p43-s2","source":"El Astrólogo, deteniéndose bajo el dintel de la cochera, volvió el rostro hacia el muerto, entonces Barsut, levantandolos hombros hasta las orejas, estiró el cuello y mirándolo al Astrólogo guiñó un párpado.","translation":"The Astrologer, pausing under the lintel of the coach house, turned his face toward the dead man, and then Barsut, raising his shoulders up to his ears, stretched out his neck and, looking at the Astrologer, winked an eyelid.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p43-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of volvió","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"deteniéndose","lemma":"detenerse","morphology":"verb, gerund, with enclitic reflexive pronoun","role":"clause modifying Astrólogo","gloss":"pausing"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dintel","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dintel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dintel","lemma":"dintel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of deteniéndose","gloss":"lintel"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cochera","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cochera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cochera","lemma":"cochera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies dintel","gloss":"coach house"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of volvió","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muerto","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of muerto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muerto","lemma":"muerto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volvió","gloss":"dead man"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estiró","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of estiró","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"levantandolos","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, gerund, with attached determiner los (source text lacks a space)","role":"adverbial clause on estiró","gloss":"raising the","note":"Source text runs two words together: 'levantandolos' = 'levantando los' (raising + the), with 'los' determining the following 'hombros.'"},{"surface":"hombros","lemma":"hombro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of levantandolos","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orejas","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of orejas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orejas","lemma":"oreja","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of levantandolos","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"estiró","lemma":"estirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with guiñó","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuello","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cuello","lemma":"cuello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of estiró","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mirándolo","lemma":"mirar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on guiñó","gloss":"looking at him"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of mirándolo, in apposition to lo","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"guiñó","lemma":"guiñar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estiró","gloss":"winked"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of párpado","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"párpado","lemma":"párpado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of guiñó","gloss":"eyelid"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p43-s3","source":"Este se tocó el ala del sombrero con el índice y salió a reunirse con Erdosain, quien sin poderse contener, exclamó:","translation":"The latter touched the brim of his hat with his forefinger and went out to rejoin Erdosain, who, unable to contain himself, exclaimed:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p43-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Este","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tocó","gloss":"The latter"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of tocó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"tocó","lemma":"tocar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ala","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ala","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tocó","gloss":"brim"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sombrero","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"sombrero","lemma":"sombrero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ala","gloss":"hat"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking índice","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of índice","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"índice","lemma":"índice","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tocó","gloss":"forefinger"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"salió","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tocó","gloss":"went out"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of reunirse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"reunirse","lemma":"reunirse","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on salió","gloss":"rejoin"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of reunirse","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"quien","lemma":"quien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of exclamó","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of contener","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"poderse","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive, with enclitic reflexive pronoun","role":"auxiliary of contener","gloss":"being able"},{"surface":"contener","lemma":"contener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on exclamó","gloss":"contain himself"},{"surface":"exclamó","lemma":"exclamar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Erdosain","gloss":"exclaimed"}]},{"number":90,"label":"44","id":"el-guino-p44-s1","source":"–¿Y eso es todo?","translation":"“And that's all there is to it?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p44-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous line of dialogue","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of todo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to todo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":91,"label":"45","id":"el-guino-p45-s1","source":"–El Astrólogo levantó hacia él una mirada burlona.","translation":"The Astrologer raised a mocking glance toward him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p45-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of levantó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of levantó","gloss":"glance"},{"surface":"burlona","lemma":"burlón","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"mocking"}]},{"number":92,"label":"46","id":"el-guino-p46-s1","source":"–¿Pero se creía usted que «eso» es como en el teatro?","translation":"“But did you think that \"that\" is like in the theater?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p46-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se creía usted","title":"«creerse» — to (wrongly) think","body":"The pronominal «creerse algo» means 'to believe / imagine something (often mistakenly)'. «¿se creía usted que...?» = 'did you really think that...?', with a tinge of mockery. The imperfect «creía» fits a belief held over time, now being punctured."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous line of dialogue","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of creía","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"creía","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, second-person formal, singular","role":"subject of creía","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to como","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"complement of es, introduces the comparison","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking teatro","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of teatro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"teatro","lemma":"teatro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of como","gloss":"theater"}]},{"number":93,"label":"47","id":"el-guino-p47-s1","source":"–¿Y cómo lo va a hacer desaparecer?","translation":"“And how are you going to make him disappear?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p47-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous line of dialogue","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"modifies hacer","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hacer","gloss":"are going","note":"'va' is third-person in form, but here addresses 'usted' (formal you), continuing the direct address from earlier in the scene."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"desaparecer","lemma":"desaparecer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacer","gloss":"disappear"}]},{"number":94,"label":"48","id":"el-guino-p48-s1","source":"–Disolviéndolo en ácido nítrico.","translation":"“By dissolving him in nitric acid.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p48-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Disolviéndolo","title":"Gerund of means","body":"A bare gerund can answer 'how?' by stating the means: «Disolviéndolo en ácido nítrico» = 'by dissolving it/him in nitric acid'. The «lo» is the attached object pronoun. English usually needs 'by + -ing' where Spanish uses the gerund alone."}],"words":[{"surface":"Disolviéndolo","lemma":"disolver él","morphology":"verb, gerund, with enclitic accusative pronoun lo","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"dissolving him"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ácido","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ácido","lemma":"ácido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Disolviéndolo","gloss":"acid"},{"surface":"nítrico","lemma":"nítrico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ácido","gloss":"nitric"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p48-s2","source":"Tengo tres damajuanas.","translation":"I have three demijohns.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p48-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"damajuanas","title":"«damajuana» — demijohn","body":"«damajuana» is a large, bulging, often wicker-cased glass bottle — a demijohn — used for storing wine or, here, acid. The casual inventory ('I have three') of the means to dissolve a corpse is part of the scene's cold menace."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies damajuanas","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"damajuanas","lemma":"damajuana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Tengo","gloss":"demijohns","note":"A damajuana is a large glass jug or carboy, often wicker-covered — a 'demijohn' in English."}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p48-s3","source":"Pero, hablando de todo un poco, ¿tiene noticias de la rosa de cobre?","translation":"But, speaking of this and that, do you have any news of the copper rose?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p48-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"hablando","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on tiene","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poco","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies poco","gloss":"everything","note":"Idiom 'de todo un poco' = 'a bit of everything,' rendered here as 'this and that.'"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition de","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you have"},{"surface":"noticias","lemma":"noticia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"news"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rosa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of rosa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rosa","lemma":"rosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies noticias","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cobre","lemma":"cobre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rosa","gloss":"copper"}]},{"number":97,"label":"49","id":"el-guino-p49-s1","source":"–Sí, salió lo más bien.","translation":"“Yes, it came out just fine.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p49-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"lo más bien","title":"«lo más bien» — perfectly fine","body":"«lo más bien» is a River Plate colloquialism meaning 'just fine, splendidly, perfectly well'. «salió lo más bien» = 'it came out perfectly'. «salir» here means 'to turn out / come out (a certain way)'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies salió","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"salió","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came out"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"article, neuter, singular","role":"intensifies bien","gloss":"so","note":"Idiom 'lo más bien' = 'really well, just fine' — a colloquial Rioplatense intensifier, not literally 'the more well.'"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bien","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies salió","gloss":"well"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p49-s2","source":"Los Espila están contentísimos.","translation":"The Espilas are absolutely delighted.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p49-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"contentísimos","title":"Absolute superlative «-ísimo»","body":"Adding «-ísimo/-a» to an adjective forms the absolute superlative — 'extremely, utterly'. «contentísimos» = 'absolutely delighted'. It intensifies without comparing to anything else, unlike «el más contento» ('the happiest')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of Espila","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Espila","lemma":"Espila","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of están","gloss":"Espilas"},{"surface":"están","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to contentísimos","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"contentísimos","lemma":"contentísimo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of están","gloss":"absolutely delighted"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p49-s3","source":"Anoche precisamente vi una muy buena muestra.","translation":"Just last night I saw a very good sample.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p49-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Anoche","lemma":"anoche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vi","gloss":"Last night"},{"surface":"precisamente","lemma":"precisamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vi","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"vi","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I saw"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of muestra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies buena","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"buena","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies muestra","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"muestra","lemma":"muestra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of vi","gloss":"sample"}]},{"number":100,"label":"50","id":"el-guino-p50-s1","source":"–Bueno, almorzaremos... que bien nos lo hemos ganado.","translation":"“Good, we'll have lunch... we've certainly earned it.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p50-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nos lo hemos ganado","title":"Intensifying «se» («ganarse»)","body":"«ganarse algo» adds the reflexive «se» to «ganar» to stress that the gain is fully one's own — 'to earn (something) for oneself, well and truly'. «bien nos lo hemos ganado» = 'we've thoroughly earned it'. «que» here is just an emphatic opener, 'indeed / certainly'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bueno","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"modifies almorzaremos","gloss":"Good"},{"surface":"almorzaremos","lemma":"almorzar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll have lunch"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ganado","gloss":"since","note":"This causal 'que' (roughly 'for/since') isn't rendered as a separate word in the English translation."},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ganado","gloss":"certainly"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of ganado","gloss":"for ourselves"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ganado","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hemos","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of ganado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ganado","lemma":"ganar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the que-clause","gloss":"earned"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p50-s2","source":"Pero cuando iban a entrar en el comedor, el Astrólogo dijo:","translation":"But when they were about to enter the dining room, the Astrologer said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p50-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of entrar","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"iban","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of entrar","gloss":"were going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of entrar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"entrar","lemma":"entrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of iban","gloss":"enter"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comedor","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of comedor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"comedor","lemma":"comedor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of entrar","gloss":"dining room"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":102,"label":"51","id":"el-guino-p51-s1","source":"–¿Cómo... no nos lavamos las manos?","translation":"“What... aren't we going to wash our hands?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p51-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no nos lavamos las manos","title":"Reflexive with body parts","body":"For actions on one's own body Spanish uses the reflexive plus the definite article, not a possessive: «nos lavamos las manos» = 'we wash our hands' (literally 'we wash ourselves the hands'). The reflexive «nos» already tells you whose hands they are."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection expressing surprise","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lavamos","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural, reflexive","role":"indirect object of lavamos","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"lavamos","lemma":"lavar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wash"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of lavamos","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":103,"label":"52","id":"el-guino-p52-s1","source":"Erdosain lo miró sorprendido e instintivamente levantó las manos hasta donde se cruzaban las solapas de su saco para mirárselas.","translation":"Erdosain looked at him, surprised, and instinctively raised his hands to where the lapels of his jacket crossed in order to look at them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p52-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of miró","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of miró","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"miró","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"sorprendido","lemma":"sorprendido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"secondary predicate describing Erdosain","gloss":"surprised"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"instintivamente","lemma":"instintivamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies levantó","gloss":"instinctively"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with miró","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of levantó","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cruzaban","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of cruzaban","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of cruzaban","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"cruzaban","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on levantó","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of solapas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"solapas","lemma":"solapa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of cruzaban","gloss":"lapels"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking saco","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of saco","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"saco","lemma":"saco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies solapas","gloss":"jacket"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of mirárselas","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mirárselas","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on levantó","gloss":"to look at them","note":"'-se-las' are enclitic pronouns on the infinitive: reflexive 'se' (for himself) plus 'las' (them, referring to las manos)."}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p52-s2","source":"Entonces, apresuradamente, en silencio, se encaminaron hasta el cuarto de baño, despojándose de los sacos, abrieron las canillas.","translation":"Then, hurriedly, in silence, they made their way to the bathroom, and, taking off their jackets, they turned on the taps.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p52-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"las canillas","title":"«canilla» — tap (River Plate)","body":"«canilla» is the River Plate word for a water tap or faucet (Spain: «grifo»). «saco» a few words earlier is likewise the local word for a man's jacket. Both anchor the prose firmly in Buenos Aires usage."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encaminaron","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"apresuradamente","lemma":"apresuradamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encaminaron","gloss":"hurriedly"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silencio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"silencio","lemma":"silencio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encaminaron","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"encaminaron","lemma":"encaminar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made their way"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuarto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuarto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cuarto","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encaminaron","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking baño","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"baño","lemma":"baño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cuarto","gloss":"bath"},{"surface":"despojándose","lemma":"despojar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on abrieron","gloss":"taking off","note":"'-se' is the reflexive pronoun attached to the gerund: 'despojarse de' = 'to take off, strip off.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sacos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sacos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sacos","lemma":"saco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of despojándose","gloss":"jackets"},{"surface":"abrieron","lemma":"abrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with encaminaron","gloss":"turned on"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of canillas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"canillas","lemma":"canilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of abrieron","gloss":"taps"}]},{"number":105,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p52-s3","source":"Erdosain cogió un trozo de jabón y concienzudamente, arremangado hasta los codos, se frotó con él.","translation":"Erdosain took a piece of soap and, conscientiously, sleeves rolled up to the elbows, scrubbed himself with it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p52-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of cogió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"cogió","lemma":"coger","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of trozo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"trozo","lemma":"trozo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cogió","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jabón","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"jabón","lemma":"jabón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies trozo","gloss":"soap"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"concienzudamente","lemma":"concienzudamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies frotó","gloss":"conscientiously"},{"surface":"arremangado","lemma":"arremangado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"secondary predicate describing Erdosain","gloss":"sleeves rolled up"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking codos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of codos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"codos","lemma":"codo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of arremangado","gloss":"elbows"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of frotó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"frotó","lemma":"frotar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with cogió","gloss":"scrubbed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of frotó","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p52-s4","source":"Luego puso los brazos bajo el chorro de agua y se secó vigorosamente en la toalla.","translation":"Then he put his arms under the stream of water and dried himself vigorously on the towel.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p52-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puso","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"puso","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of puso","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chorro","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of chorro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chorro","lemma":"chorro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of puso","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking agua","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"agua","lemma":"agua","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies chorro","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of secó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"secó","lemma":"secar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with puso","gloss":"dried"},{"surface":"vigorosamente","lemma":"vigorosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies secó","gloss":"vigorously"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking toalla","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of toalla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"toalla","lemma":"toalla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of secó","gloss":"towel"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p52-s5","source":"Mas antes de salir, el Astrólogo efectuó un acto extraño.","translation":"But before leaving, the Astrologer performed a strange act.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p52-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Mas","title":"«mas» (no accent) = 'but'","body":"«mas» without an accent is a literary conjunction meaning 'but / yet' — not to be confused with «más» (with accent) meaning 'more'. Arlt uses it here for a slightly formal narrative register: 'But before leaving...'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies efectuó","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies efectuó","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of salir","gloss":"of","note":"'antes de' + infinitive is the standard construction for 'before doing something.'"},{"surface":"salir","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of de","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of efectuó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"efectuó","lemma":"efectuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"performed"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of acto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"acto","lemma":"acto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of efectuó","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"extraño","lemma":"extraño","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies acto","gloss":"strange"}]},{"number":108,"label":"53","id":"el-guino-p53-s1","source":"Cogiendo la toalla la arrojó al fondo de la bañadera, tomó un frasco de alcohol, vertiendo su contenido sobre ella, luego encendió un fósforo, y durante un minuto los dos semblantes en el cuarto oscuro fueron iluminados por las azuladas llamas del inflamable que consumía el tejido.","translation":"Taking the towel, he threw it into the bottom of the bathtub, picked up a bottle of alcohol, pouring its contents over it, then he struck a match, and for a minute the two faces in the dark room were lit by the bluish flames of the flammable liquid consuming the fabric.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p53-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cogiendo","lemma":"coger","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on arrojó","gloss":"Taking"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of toalla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"toalla","lemma":"toalla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Cogiendo","gloss":"towel"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of arrojó","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"arrojó","lemma":"arrojar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fondo","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"fondo","lemma":"fondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrojó","gloss":"bottom"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bañadera","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bañadera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bañadera","lemma":"bañadera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fondo","gloss":"bathtub"},{"surface":"tomó","lemma":"tomar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with arrojó","gloss":"picked up"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of frasco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"frasco","lemma":"frasco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tomó","gloss":"bottle"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alcohol","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alcohol","lemma":"alcohol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies frasco","gloss":"alcohol"},{"surface":"vertiendo","lemma":"verter","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on tomó","gloss":"pouring"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of contenido","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"contenido","lemma":"contenido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of vertiendo","gloss":"contents"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ella","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vertiendo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encendió","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"encendió","lemma":"encender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with arrojó","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fósforo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fósforo","lemma":"fósforo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of encendió","gloss":"match"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"durante","lemma":"durante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking minuto","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of minuto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"minuto","lemma":"minuto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase durante","gloss":"minute"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of semblantes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"modifies semblantes","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"semblantes","lemma":"semblante","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of iluminados","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuarto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuarto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cuarto","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies semblantes","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"oscuro","lemma":"oscuro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cuarto","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"fueron","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of iluminados","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"iluminados","lemma":"iluminar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with arrojó","gloss":"illuminated"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking llamas","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of llamas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"azuladas","lemma":"azulado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies llamas","gloss":"bluish"},{"surface":"llamas","lemma":"llama","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"agent of the passive iluminados","gloss":"flames"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inflamable","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"inflamable","lemma":"inflamable","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular (used as a noun)","role":"modifies llamas","gloss":"flammable liquid"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of consumía","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"consumía","lemma":"consumir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying inflamable","gloss":"was consuming"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tejido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tejido","lemma":"tejido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of consumía","gloss":"fabric"}]},{"number":109,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p53-s2","source":"Luego, por todo resto quedó allí un negruzco depósito de cenizas: el Astrólogo abrió una canilla, nuevamente el agua corría arrastrando la liviana carbonización, y entonces ambos salieron para el comedor.","translation":"Then, for all that remained, there lay a blackish deposit of ash: the Astrologer turned on a tap, again the water ran, carrying off the light char, and then the two of them went out to the dining room.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p53-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quedó","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies quedó","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of resto","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"resto","lemma":"resto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"remainder"},{"surface":"quedó","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there lay"},{"surface":"allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quedó","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of depósito","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"negruzco","lemma":"negruzco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies depósito","gloss":"blackish"},{"surface":"depósito","lemma":"depósito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of quedó","gloss":"deposit"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cenizas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cenizas","lemma":"ceniza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies depósito","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of abrió","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"abrió","lemma":"abrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with quedó","gloss":"turned on"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of canilla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"canilla","lemma":"canilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of abrió","gloss":"tap"},{"surface":"nuevamente","lemma":"nuevamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies corría","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of agua","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"agua","lemma":"agua","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of corría","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"corría","lemma":"correr","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with abrió","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"arrastrando","lemma":"arrastrar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of corría","gloss":"carrying off"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of carbonización","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"liviana","lemma":"liviano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies carbonización","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"carbonización","lemma":"carbonización","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of arrastrando","gloss":"char"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies salieron","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ambos","lemma":"ambos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"subject of salieron","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"salieron","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with abrió","gloss":"went out"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comedor","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of comedor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"comedor","lemma":"comedor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of salieron","gloss":"dining room"}]},{"number":110,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p53-s3","source":"Una sonrisa irónica retozaba en el rostro de Erdosain.","translation":"An ironic smile played across Erdosain's face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p53-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sonrisa","gloss":"An"},{"surface":"sonrisa","lemma":"sonrisa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of retozaba","gloss":"smile"},{"surface":"irónica","lemma":"irónico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sonrisa","gloss":"ironic"},{"surface":"retozaba","lemma":"retozar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rostro","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of retozaba","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":111,"label":"54","id":"el-guino-p54-s1","source":"–¿Así que ha hecho como Pilatos, en?","translation":"“So you've done as Pilate did, eh?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p54-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hecho","gloss":"So"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Así","gloss":"that","note":"'así que' is a fixed connector meaning 'so'; 'que' on its own does not mean 'then' — that gloss invents a sense the word doesn't carry."},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hecho","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Pilatos","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Pilatos","lemma":"Pilatos","morphology":"proper noun","role":"complement of como (comparative clause)","gloss":"Pilate"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"eh","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection (tag question)","gloss":"eh","note":"'en?' is Arlt's colloquial spelling of the tag-question '¿eh?,' common in porteño speech."}]},{"number":112,"label":"55","id":"el-guino-p55-s1","source":"–Tiene razón, e inconscientemente.","translation":"“You're right — and unconsciously, at that.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p55-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"You're"},{"surface":"razón","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Tiene","gloss":"right","note":"Idiom 'tener razón' = 'to be right,' literally 'to have reason.'"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inconscientemente","lemma":"inconscientemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with razón","gloss":"unconsciously"}]},{"number":113,"label":"56","id":"el-guino-p56-s1","source":"En el comedor sombroso las entreabiertas persianas dejaban ver el jardín.","translation":"In the shadowy dining room the half-open shutters let the garden show through.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p56-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comedor","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of comedor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"comedor","lemma":"comedor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dejaban","gloss":"dining room"},{"surface":"sombroso","lemma":"sombroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies comedor","gloss":"shadowy"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of persianas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"entreabiertas","lemma":"entreabierta","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies persianas","gloss":"half-open"},{"surface":"persianas","lemma":"persiana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of dejaban","gloss":"shutters"},{"surface":"dejaban","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dejaban","gloss":"be seen"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of jardín","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jardín","lemma":"jardín","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ver","gloss":"garden"}]},{"number":114,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p56-s2","source":"Tiernos tallos de madreselva trepaban hasta las maderas del marco.","translation":"Tender honeysuckle stems climbed up to the wood of the frame.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p56-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tiernos","lemma":"tierno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies tallos","gloss":"Tender"},{"surface":"tallos","lemma":"tallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of trepaban","gloss":"stems"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking madreselva","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"madreselva","lemma":"madreselva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tallos","gloss":"honeysuckle"},{"surface":"trepaban","lemma":"trepar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"climbed"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking maderas","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of maderas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"maderas","lemma":"madera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of trepaban","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marco","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"marco","lemma":"marco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies maderas","gloss":"frame"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p56-s3","source":"Insectos transparentes resbalaban en el aire junto al limonero y las paredes blancas se reflejaban en la rubia opacidad del piso encerado.","translation":"Transparent insects glided through the air beside the lemon tree, and the white walls were reflected in the golden opacity of the waxed floor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p56-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Insectos","lemma":"insecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of resbalaban","gloss":"Insects"},{"surface":"transparentes","lemma":"transparente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies Insectos","gloss":"transparent"},{"surface":"resbalaban","lemma":"resbalar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"glided"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aire","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aire","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aire","lemma":"aire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of resbalaban","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"junto","lemma":"junto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"preposition marking limonero","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of limonero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"limonero","lemma":"limonero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of resbalaban","gloss":"lemon tree"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of paredes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"paredes","lemma":"pared","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of reflejaban","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"blancas","lemma":"blanco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies paredes","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of reflejaban","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"reflejaban","lemma":"reflejar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with resbalaban","gloss":"were reflected"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking opacidad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of opacidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rubia","lemma":"rubio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies opacidad","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"opacidad","lemma":"opacidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of reflejaban","gloss":"opacity"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piso","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"piso","lemma":"piso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies opacidad","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"encerado","lemma":"encerado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies piso","gloss":"waxed"}]},{"number":116,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p56-s4","source":"Los flecos del mantel caían en torno de las patas cuadradas de la mesa.","translation":"The fringes of the tablecloth fell around the square legs of the table.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p56-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of flecos","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"flecos","lemma":"fleco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of caían","gloss":"fringes"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mantel","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mantel","lemma":"mantel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies flecos","gloss":"tablecloth"},{"surface":"caían","lemma":"caer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking patas","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"torno","lemma":"torno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"turn","note":"'en torno de' is a compound preposition meaning 'around'; 'torno' literally means 'turn.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of patas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"patas","lemma":"pata","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of caían","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"cuadradas","lemma":"cuadrado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies patas","gloss":"square"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mesa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mesa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mesa","lemma":"mesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies patas","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p56-s5","source":"En un florero etrusco, un ramo de claveles desparramaba su a pimentada fragancia, y los cubiertos plateados brillaban sobre el lino y en la loza; las sombras se enroscaban como rulos en la vítrea convexidad de las copas, o se extendía en franjas triangulares sobre los platos.","translation":"In an Etruscan vase a bunch of carnations scattered its peppery fragrance, and the silver cutlery gleamed on the linen and on the china; the shadows coiled like ringlets on the glassy curve of the wine glasses, or stretched in triangular bands across the plates.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p56-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking florero","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of florero","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"florero","lemma":"florero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desparramaba","gloss":"vase"},{"surface":"etrusco","lemma":"etrusco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies florero","gloss":"Etruscan"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ramo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ramo","lemma":"ramo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of desparramaba","gloss":"bunch"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking claveles","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"claveles","lemma":"clavel","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ramo","gloss":"carnations"},{"surface":"desparramaba","lemma":"desparramar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fragancia","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"apimentado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular (part of split word)","role":"part of the split word apimentada, marking fragancia","gloss":"peppery","note":"«apimentada» ('peppery') is split into two tokens here — a print artifact in the source text."},{"surface":"pimentada","lemma":"apimentado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular (part of split word)","role":"part of the split word apimentada, marking fragancia","gloss":"peppery"},{"surface":"fragancia","lemma":"fragancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of desparramaba","gloss":"fragrance"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cubiertos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cubiertos","lemma":"cubierto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of brillaban","gloss":"cutlery"},{"surface":"plateados","lemma":"plateado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cubiertos","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"brillaban","lemma":"brillar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with desparramaba","gloss":"gleamed"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lino","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lino","lemma":"lino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of brillaban","gloss":"linen"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking loza","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of loza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"loza","lemma":"loza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with lino","gloss":"china"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of sombras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sombras","lemma":"sombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of enroscaban","gloss":"shadows"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of enroscaban","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"enroscaban","lemma":"enroscar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the second clause (las sombras...), after the semicolon","gloss":"coiled"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with rulos","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"rulos","lemma":"rulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of enroscaban","gloss":"ringlets"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking convexidad","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of convexidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vítrea","lemma":"vítreo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies convexidad","gloss":"glassy"},{"surface":"convexidad","lemma":"convexidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of enroscaban","gloss":"curve"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking copas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of copas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"copas","lemma":"copa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies convexidad","gloss":"wine glasses"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of extendía","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"extendía","lemma":"extender","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with enroscaban","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking franjas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"franjas","lemma":"franja","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of extendía","gloss":"bands"},{"surface":"triangulares","lemma":"triangular","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies franjas","gloss":"triangular"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking platos","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of platos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"platos","lemma":"plato","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of extendía","gloss":"plates"}]},{"number":118,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p56-s6","source":"En una fuente ovalada había una mayonesa de langostinos.","translation":"On an oval platter there was a prawn mayonnaise.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p56-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fuente","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fuente","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"fuente","lemma":"fuente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of había","gloss":"platter"},{"surface":"ovalada","lemma":"ovalado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fuente","gloss":"oval"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mayonesa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mayonesa","lemma":"mayonesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of había","gloss":"mayonnaise"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking langostinos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"langostinos","lemma":"langostino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies mayonesa","gloss":"prawns"}]},{"number":119,"label":"57","id":"el-guino-p57-s1","source":"El Astrólogo sirvió vino.","translation":"The Astrologer poured the wine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p57-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sirvió","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"sirvió","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"vino","lemma":"vino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sirvió","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p57-s2","source":"Comían en silencio.","translation":"They ate in silence.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p57-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comían","lemma":"comer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ate"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silencio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"silencio","lemma":"silencio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Comían","gloss":"silence"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p57-s3","source":"Luego el Astrólogo trajo caldo amarillo de yemas de huevos, una bandeja de espárragos nadando en aceite, ensalada de alcachofas y más tarde pescado.","translation":"Then the Astrologer brought a yellow broth of egg yolks, a tray of asparagus swimming in oil, an artichoke salad, and later fish.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p57-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trajo","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of trajo","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"trajo","lemma":"traer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"caldo","lemma":"caldo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of trajo","gloss":"broth"},{"surface":"amarillo","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies caldo","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yemas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"yemas","lemma":"yema","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies caldo","gloss":"yolks"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huevos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"huevos","lemma":"huevo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies yemas","gloss":"eggs"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bandeja","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bandeja","lemma":"bandeja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of trajo","gloss":"tray"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espárragos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"espárragos","lemma":"espárrago","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies bandeja","gloss":"asparagus"},{"surface":"nadando","lemma":"nadar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clause modifying bandeja","gloss":"swimming"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aceite","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"aceite","lemma":"aceite","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of nadando","gloss":"oil"},{"surface":"ensalada","lemma":"ensalada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of trajo","gloss":"salad"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alcachofas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alcachofas","lemma":"alcachofa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ensalada","gloss":"artichokes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tarde","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies the elided verb trajo (temporal adverb 'más tarde' = 'later'), not pescado","gloss":"late"},{"surface":"pescado","lemma":"pescado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of trajo","gloss":"fish"}]},{"number":122,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p57-s4","source":"Como postres hubo ricota rociada de canela y fruta.","translation":"For dessert there was ricotta sprinkled with cinnamon, and fruit.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p57-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Como","lemma":"como","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking postres (idiom: 'as dessert')","gloss":"as","note":"«Como postres» = 'for/as dessert' — idiomatic, not a comparison."},{"surface":"postres","lemma":"postre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of como (adverbial phrase)","gloss":"dessert"},{"surface":"hubo","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"ricota","lemma":"ricota","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hubo","gloss":"ricotta"},{"surface":"rociada","lemma":"rociado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ricota","gloss":"sprinkled"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking canela","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"canela","lemma":"canela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rociada","gloss":"cinnamon"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fruta","lemma":"fruta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with ricota","gloss":"fruit"}]},{"number":123,"label":"58","id":"el-guino-p58-s1","source":"Después sirvió café, y Erdosain le entregó el dinero.","translation":"Afterward he served coffee, and Erdosain handed him the money.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p58-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sirvió","gloss":"Afterward"},{"surface":"sirvió","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"served"},{"surface":"café","lemma":"café","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sirvió","gloss":"coffee"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of entregó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of entregó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"entregó","lemma":"entregar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sirvió","gloss":"handed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of entregó","gloss":"money"}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p58-s2","source":"El Astrólogo lo recontó:","translation":"The Astrologer counted it again:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p58-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of recontó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of recontó","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"recontó","lemma":"recontar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"counted again"}]},{"number":125,"label":"59","id":"el-guino-p59-s1","source":"–Aquí tiene tres mil quinientos.","translation":"“Here you have three thousand five hundred.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p59-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"Here"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you have"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies mil","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with tres, modifies quinientos","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"quinientos","lemma":"quinientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"five hundred"}]},{"number":126,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p59-s2","source":"Hágase varios trajes.","translation":"Have several suits made for yourself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p59-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hágase varios trajes","title":"Causative «hacerse» + command","body":"«hacerse hacer algo» / «hacerse algo» means 'to have something made for oneself'. «Hágase varios trajes» is a formal «usted» command — 'have several suits made (for yourself)'. The reflexive marks the benefit as the listener's own."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hágase","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have made","note":"«Hágase varios trajes» is causative reflexive «hacerse» + noun: 'have several suits made for yourself' — compare «hágase afeitar», 'have yourself shaved.'"},{"surface":"varios","lemma":"varios","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of trajes","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"trajes","lemma":"traje","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Hágase","gloss":"suits"}]},{"number":127,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p59-s3","source":"Usted es un buen mozo y es conveniente que ande elegante.","translation":"You're a good-looking fellow, and it's fitting that you go about elegantly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p59-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un buen mozo","title":"«buen mozo» — handsome","body":"«buen mozo» is a set phrase meaning 'good-looking, handsome (man)'. Note the subjunctive «ande» after «es conveniente que» — an impersonal value judgment ('it's fitting that...') again triggers the subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of es, linking to mozo","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to mozo","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mozo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"buen","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mozo","gloss":"good-looking"},{"surface":"mozo","lemma":"mozo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to conveniente","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"conveniente","lemma":"conveniente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate of the second es (impersonal 'it is fitting')","gloss":"fitting"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ande","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ande","lemma":"andar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on conveniente","gloss":"go about"},{"surface":"elegante","lemma":"elegante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicative complement of ande","gloss":"elegantly"}]},{"number":128,"label":"60","id":"el-guino-p60-s1","source":"–Muchas gracias... pero oiga... estoy muerto de sueño.","translation":"“Thank you very much... but listen... I'm dead with sleep.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p60-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"muerto de sueño","title":"«muerto de» — dead with","body":"«estar muerto de (sueño / hambre / frío)» is an idiom — 'to be dead with (sleep / hunger / cold)', i.e. dead tired, starving, freezing. «estoy muerto de sueño» = 'I'm dead on my feet with sleep'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Muchas","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of gracias","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"gracias","lemma":"gracias","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase (interjection 'muchas gracias')","gloss":"thanks"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"oiga","lemma":"oír","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular (formal usted)","role":"main verb of the interjection 'pero oiga'","gloss":"listen"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to muerto","gloss":"I'm"},{"surface":"muerto","lemma":"muerto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sueño","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sueño","lemma":"sueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies muerto","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p60-s2","source":"Voy a dormir un rato.","translation":"I'm going to sleep a while.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p60-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dormir","gloss":"I'm going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive dormir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dormir","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rato","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rato","lemma":"rato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of dormir (duration)","gloss":"while"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p60-s3","source":"¿Quiere despertarme a las cinco?","translation":"Will you wake me at five?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p60-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Will you"},{"surface":"despertarme","lemma":"despertar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Quiere","gloss":"wake me"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cinco","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cinco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cinco","lemma":"cinco","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"object of preposition a (time expression)","gloss":"five"}]},{"number":131,"label":"61","id":"el-guino-p61-s1","source":"–Cómo no, venga. –Y el Astrólogo lo acompañó hasta su dormitorio.","translation":"“Of course, come along.” And the Astrologer walked him to his bedroom.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p61-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Cómo no","title":"«cómo no» — 'of course'","body":"«cómo no» is a fixed affirmative, 'of course / certainly / by all means'. Despite the question words it is not a real question. Common throughout Latin America as a warm 'sure thing'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"how","note":"«Cómo no» is a set idiom meaning 'of course' — literally 'how not.'"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Cómo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"venga","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come along"},{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of acompañó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of acompañó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"acompañó","lemma":"acompañar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dormitorio","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of dormitorio","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"dormitorio","lemma":"dormitorio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of acompañó","gloss":"bedroom"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p61-s2","source":"Erdosain se quitó los botines, extenuado ya, arrojó el saco en el respaldar de la cama.","translation":"Erdosain took off his boots, exhausted now, and threw his jacket onto the headboard of the bed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p61-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of quitó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"indirect object of quitó","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"quitó","lemma":"quitar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took off"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of botines","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"botines","lemma":"botín","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of quitó","gloss":"boots"},{"surface":"extenuado","lemma":"extenuado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicative adjunct on Erdosain","gloss":"exhausted"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies extenuado","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"arrojó","lemma":"arrojar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with quitó","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of saco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"saco","lemma":"saco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of arrojó","gloss":"jacket"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking respaldar","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of respaldar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"respaldar","lemma":"respaldar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrojó","gloss":"headboard"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cama","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cama","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cama","lemma":"cama","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies respaldar","gloss":"bed"}]},{"number":133,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p61-s3","source":"Un ardor enorme le quemaba los párpados, su pecho se cubrió de sudor espeso y no pensó más.","translation":"An enormous burning seared his eyelids, his chest covered itself with thick sweat, and he thought no more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p61-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ardor","gloss":"An"},{"surface":"ardor","lemma":"ardor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of quemaba","gloss":"burning"},{"surface":"enorme","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies ardor","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of quemaba (dative of possession)","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"quemaba","lemma":"quemar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seared"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of párpados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"párpados","lemma":"párpado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of quemaba","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pecho","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pecho","lemma":"pecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cubrió","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of cubrió","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"cubrió","lemma":"cubrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with quemaba","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sudor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sudor","lemma":"sudor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cubrió","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"espeso","lemma":"espeso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sudor","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pensó","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pensó","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with cubrió","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pensó","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p61-s4","source":"Despertó ya oscurecido, al ruido del Astrólogo que abría una persiana.","translation":"He woke after dark, at the noise of the Astrologer opening a shutter.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p61-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Despertó","lemma":"despertar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"woke"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oscurecido","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"oscurecido","lemma":"oscurecido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"absolute participial phrase, modifies Despertó","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ruido","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ruido","lemma":"ruido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Despertó","gloss":"noise"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies ruido","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of abría","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"abría","lemma":"abrir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying Astrólogo","gloss":"was opening"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of persiana","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"persiana","lemma":"persiana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of abría","gloss":"shutter"}]},{"number":135,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p61-s5","source":"Volvióse sobresaltado, mientras que el otro le decía:","translation":"He turned over with a start, while the other man said to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p61-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Volvióse","lemma":"volverse","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned","note":"Literary/archaic word order: «Volvióse» = «se volvió» ('he turned around'), with the reflexive pronoun attached to the end of the verb."},{"surface":"sobresaltado","lemma":"sobresaltado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicative adjunct on the subject (Volvióse)","gloss":"startled"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the subordinate clause (decía)","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mientras","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of decía","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of decía","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the subordinate clause","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":136,"label":"62","id":"el-guino-p62-s1","source":"–¡Por fin!","translation":"“At last!”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p62-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase Por","gloss":"last"}]},{"number":137,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p62-s2","source":"Hace veintiocho horas que está durmiendo. –Mas como expresara duda, el Astrólogo le alcanzó los diarios del día, y, ciertamente, habían pasado dos días.","translation":"You've been sleeping for twenty-eight hours.” But since he expressed doubt, the Astrologer handed him the day's newspapers, and indeed, two days had passed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p62-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hace... que está durmiendo","title":"«hace... que» for elapsed time","body":"«hace + time + que + present» expresses duration up to now: «Hace veintiocho horas que está durmiendo» = 'he has been sleeping for twenty-eight hours'. Spanish keeps the present tense where English uses the present perfect continuous."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it's been"},{"surface":"veintiocho","lemma":"veintiocho","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies horas","gloss":"twenty-eight"},{"surface":"horas","lemma":"hora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Hace","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of durmiendo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of durmiendo","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"durmiendo","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on Hace","gloss":"sleeping"},{"surface":"Mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination (literary 'but')","gloss":"But","note":"«Mas» (no accent) is a literary conjunction meaning 'but' — distinct from «más» ('more')."},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of expresara","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"expresara","lemma":"expresar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on alcanzó","gloss":"expressed"},{"surface":"duda","lemma":"duda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of expresara","gloss":"doubt"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of alcanzó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of alcanzó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"alcanzó","lemma":"alcanzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"handed"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of diarios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"diarios","lemma":"diario","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of alcanzó","gloss":"newspapers"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking día","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies diarios","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ciertamente","lemma":"ciertamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pasado","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"habían","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of pasado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"pasado","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"coordinated with alcanzó","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies días","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of pasado","gloss":"days"}]},{"number":138,"label":"63","id":"el-guino-p63-s1","source":"Erdosain saltó de la cama pensando en Hipólita.","translation":"Erdosain leapt out of bed, thinking of Hipólita.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p63-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of saltó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"saltó","lemma":"saltar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leapt"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cama","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cama","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cama","lemma":"cama","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of saltó","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"pensando","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on saltó","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hipólita","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of en (pensar en = think of)","gloss":"Hipólita"}]},{"number":139,"label":"64","id":"el-guino-p64-s1","source":"–Es necesario que me vaya.","translation":"“I must be going.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p64-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Es necesario que me vaya","title":"Subjunctive of obligation","body":"«es necesario que» ('it's necessary that') governs the subjunctive: «me vaya» (present subjunctive of «irse», 'to leave / go off'). Spanish prefers this impersonal + subjunctive frame where English just says 'I must go'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to necesario","gloss":"it is"},{"surface":"necesario","lemma":"necesario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vaya","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of vaya","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"vaya","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on necesario","gloss":"go"}]},{"number":140,"label":"65","id":"el-guino-p65-s1","source":"–Usted dormía que parecía un muerto.","translation":"“You slept so that you looked like a dead man.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p65-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of dormía","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"dormía","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of parecía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of dormía","gloss":"looked like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of muerto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"muerto","lemma":"muerto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parecía","gloss":"dead man"}]},{"number":141,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p65-s2","source":"Nunca he visto a nadie dormir así, con tal cansancio, hasta con el olvido de las necesidades naturales... pero, a propósito, ¿de dónde sacó usted esa historia del suicida del café?","translation":"I've never seen anyone sleep like that, with such weariness, even forgetting the natural needs... but, by the way, where did you get that story about the suicide in the café?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p65-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"¿de dónde sacó","title":"«sacar» — to get / come up with","body":"«sacar» literally is 'to take out, extract', but «¿de dónde sacó usted esa historia?» colloquially means 'where did you get / dream up that story?'. «a propósito» = 'by the way'. The doubt about whether the café suicide was real or dreamed reopens the novel's blur between fact and delirium."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies visto","gloss":"Never"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"visto","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nadie","gloss":"(personal a)"},{"surface":"nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of visto","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"dormir","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of visto","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dormir","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cansancio","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cansancio","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"cansancio","lemma":"cansancio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dormir","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies olvido","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking olvido","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of olvido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"olvido","lemma":"olvido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dormir","gloss":"forgetting"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking necesidades","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of necesidades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"necesidades","lemma":"necesidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies olvido","gloss":"needs"},{"surface":"naturales","lemma":"natural","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies necesidades","gloss":"natural"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking propósito","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"propósito","lemma":"propósito","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"the way","note":"«a propósito» = 'by the way' (idiom); literally 'on purpose.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dónde","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of sacó","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"sacó","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second sentence","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of sacó","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of historia","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"historia","lemma":"historia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sacó","gloss":"story"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking suicida","gloss":"about the"},{"surface":"suicida","lemma":"suicida","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"modifies historia","gloss":"suicide"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking café","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"café","lemma":"café","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies suicida","gloss":"café"}]},{"number":142,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p65-s3","source":"He visto los diarios de ayer a la noche y de esta mañana.","translation":"I've looked at last night's papers and this morning's.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p65-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"He","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"visto","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of diarios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"diarios","lemma":"diario","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of visto","gloss":"papers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ayer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ayer","lemma":"ayer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies diarios","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking noche","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ayer","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mañana","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mañana","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with ayer","gloss":"morning"}]},{"number":143,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p65-s4","source":"Ninguno trae esa noticia.","translation":"Not one carries that news.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p65-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"trae esa noticia","title":"«traer» — to carry (news)","body":"Of a newspaper, «traer una noticia» means 'to carry / run a piece of news'. «Ninguno trae esa noticia» = 'not a single one runs that story'. «ninguno» ('none, not one') already makes the sentence negative, so no second 'no' is needed before the verb here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ninguno","lemma":"ninguno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of trae","gloss":"not one"},{"surface":"trae","lemma":"traer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noticia","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"noticia","lemma":"noticia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of trae","gloss":"news"}]},{"number":144,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p65-s5","source":"Usted la ha soñado.","translation":"You dreamed it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p65-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of soñado","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"ella","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of soñado","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of soñado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"soñado","lemma":"soñar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dreamed"}]},{"number":145,"label":"66","id":"el-guino-p66-s1","source":"–Sin embargo, yo puedo enseñarle el café.","translation":"“And yet, I can show you the café.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p66-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"enseñarle el café","title":"«enseñar» — to show","body":"Besides 'to teach', «enseñar» very commonly means 'to show / point out': «puedo enseñarle el café» = 'I can show you the café'. «sin embargo» = 'however, and yet', a contrast marker."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies enseñarle","gloss":"however","note":"\"Sin embargo\" (literally \"without obstacle\") is a fixed phrase meaning 'however' / 'nevertheless.'"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase Sin","gloss":"obstacle"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of enseñarle","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"puedo","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of enseñarle","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"enseñarle","lemma":"enseñar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"show you"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of café","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"café","lemma":"café","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of enseñarle","gloss":"café"}]},{"number":146,"label":"67","id":"el-guino-p67-s1","source":"–Pues soñó en el café, entonces.","translation":"“Then you dreamed in the café, then.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p67-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pues","lemma":"pues","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of soñó","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"soñó","lemma":"soñar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dreamed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking café","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of café","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"café","lemma":"café","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of soñó","gloss":"café"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies soñó","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":147,"label":"68","id":"el-guino-p68-s1","source":"–Puede ser... no tiene importancia... ¿y eso?...","translation":"“Maybe so... it doesn't matter... and that?...”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p68-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ser","gloss":"maybe","note":"\"Puede ser\" (literally \"it can be\") is a common idiom meaning 'maybe' / 'perhaps.'"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of its own clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"importancia","lemma":"importancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"importance"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":148,"label":"69","id":"el-guino-p69-s1","source":"–Ya está.","translation":"“It's done.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p69-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies está","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"}]},{"number":149,"label":"70","id":"el-guino-p70-s1","source":"–¿Todo?","translation":"“All of it?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p70-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"all of it"}]},{"number":150,"label":"71","id":"el-guino-p71-s1","source":"–Todo.","translation":"“All of it.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p71-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"all of it"}]},{"number":151,"label":"72","id":"el-guino-p72-s1","source":"–¿Y el ácido?","translation":"“And the acid?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p72-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ácido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ácido","lemma":"ácido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"acid"}]},{"number":152,"label":"73","id":"el-guino-p73-s1","source":"–Lo volcaremos en el sumidero.","translation":"“We'll pour it down the drain.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p73-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Lo volcaremos","title":"«volcar» — to tip / pour out","body":"«volcar» means 'to tip over, overturn, pour out'. «lo volcaremos en el sumidero» = 'we'll pour it (out) down the drain'. «sumidero» is a drain or sink-hole. The casual disposal echoes the cold practicality of the whole plot."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of volcaremos","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"volcaremos","lemma":"volcar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will pour"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sumidero","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sumidero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sumidero","lemma":"sumidero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volcaremos","gloss":"drain"}]},{"number":153,"label":"74","id":"el-guino-p74-s1","source":"–¿Así que ya?...","translation":"“So it's already...?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p74-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Así","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Así","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":154,"label":"75","id":"el-guino-p75-s1","source":"–Es como si no hubiera existido nunca.","translation":"“It's as if he had never existed.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p75-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si no hubiera existido","title":"«como si» + pluperfect subjunctive","body":"For an unreal comparison set in the past, «como si» takes the pluperfect subjunctive: «como si no hubiera existido nunca» = 'as if he had never existed'. It seals the chapter's theme — a man (supposedly) erased so completely that even his existence is denied."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of existido","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of existido","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existido","gloss":"not","note":"Spanish allows double negation (\"no…nunca\") without cancelling out — together they simply mean 'never.'"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of existido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"existido","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Es","gloss":"existed"},{"surface":"nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existido","gloss":"never"}]},{"number":155,"label":"76","id":"el-guino-p76-s1","source":"–Al despedirse del Astrólogo, éste le dijo:","translation":"As he was taking his leave of the Astrologer, the latter said to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p76-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Al despedirse","title":"«despedirse de» — to say goodbye","body":"«despedirse de alguien» means 'to say goodbye to / take leave of someone'. Combined with «al» + infinitive it gives 'on saying goodbye / as he was taking his leave'. The pronominal «se» distinguishes it from «despedir», which means 'to dismiss / fire (someone)'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking despedirse","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"despedirse","lemma":"despedir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"taking leave"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of despedirse","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"the latter"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":156,"label":"77","id":"el-guino-p77-s1","source":"–Véngase el miércoles a las cinco.","translation":"“Come on Wednesday at five.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p77-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Véngase","lemma":"venir él","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of miércoles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"miércoles","lemma":"miércoles","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of Véngase","gloss":"Wednesday"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cinco","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cinco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cinco","lemma":"cinco","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies Véngase","gloss":"five"}]},{"number":157,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p77-s2","source":"A la noche tendremos reunión.","translation":"In the evening we'll have a meeting.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p77-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking noche","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tendremos","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"tendremos","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll have"},{"surface":"reunión","lemma":"reunión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tendremos","gloss":"meeting"}]},{"number":158,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p77-s3","source":"No se olvide de comprarse un traje de confección mientras le hacen los otros.","translation":"Don't forget to buy yourself a ready-made suit while they make you the others.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p77-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"de confección","title":"«de confección» — ready-made","body":"A «traje de confección» is a ready-made, off-the-rack suit, as opposed to a bespoke «traje a medida». «no se olvide de» is a negative «usted» command, 'don't forget to'; «comprarse» (with «se») = 'to buy for oneself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies olvide","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of olvide","gloss":"self","note":"\"Olvidarse de\" (to forget) is an inherently reflexive verb — \"se\" has no separate meaning here."},{"surface":"olvide","lemma":"olvidar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forget"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of comprarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"comprarse","lemma":"comprar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of olvide","gloss":"buy yourself"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of traje","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"traje","lemma":"traje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of comprarse","gloss":"suit"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking confección","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"confección","lemma":"confección","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies traje","gloss":"ready-made","note":"\"Traje de confección\" means a ready-made (off-the-rack) suit, as opposed to a tailored one."},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hacen","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hacen","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"hacen","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on comprarse","gloss":"they make"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of otros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of hacen","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":159,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p77-s4","source":"No falte, que estará el Buscador de Oro, el Rufián y otros, otros.","translation":"Don't miss it — the Gold Seeker will be there, the Ruffian, and others, others.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p77-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"No falte","title":"«faltar» — to be absent / miss","body":"«faltar (a algo)» means 'to be absent / fail to show up'. «No falte» is a formal command, 'don't miss it, be sure to come'. The capitalized «el Buscador de Oro» (the Gold Seeker) and «el Rufián» (the Ruffian) are more of the cult's mythic nicknames."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies falte","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"falte","lemma":"faltar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"miss"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estará","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"estará","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of falte","gloss":"will be there"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buscador","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Buscador","lemma":"Buscador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of estará","gloss":"Seeker"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buscador","gloss":"Gold"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Buscador","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with Buscador","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to otros","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":160,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p77-s5","source":"Cambiaremos ideas y acuérdese de que tengo mucho interés en la cuestión de los gases asfixiantes.","translation":"We'll exchange ideas, and remember that I'm very interested in the matter of the asphyxiating gases.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p77-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"acuérdese de que","title":"«acordarse de» — to remember","body":"«acordarse de algo» (pronominal, stem-changing o→ue) means 'to remember something'. «acuérdese de que...» is the «usted» command, 'remember that...'. Contrast «recordar», which takes a direct object without «de»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cambiaremos","lemma":"cambiar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll exchange"},{"surface":"ideas","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Cambiaremos","gloss":"ideas"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"acuérdese","lemma":"acordar él","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Cambiaremos","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tengo","gloss":"of","note":"'De' here is the preposition required by 'acordarse de que' (remember that) and has no independent meaning of its own; the word 'que' already carries the sense 'that'. Glossing 'de' as 'that' duplicates 'que' and is not a real sense of 'de' (contrast the same word 'de' in this very sentence at w13, correctly glossed 'of')."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tengo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of acuérdese","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of interés","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"interés","lemma":"interés","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tengo","gloss":"interest"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuestión","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cuestión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cuestión","lemma":"cuestión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tengo","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gases","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of gases","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gases","lemma":"gas","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cuestión","gloss":"gases"},{"surface":"asfixiantes","lemma":"asfixiante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies gases","gloss":"asphyxiating"}]},{"number":161,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p77-s6","source":"Hágase un proyecto para fábrica reducida de cloro y fosgeno.","translation":"Draw up a plan for a small factory for chlorine and phosgene.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p77-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hágase","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"draw up"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proyecto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"proyecto","lemma":"proyecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Hágase","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fábrica","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"fábrica","lemma":"fábrica","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies proyecto","gloss":"factory"},{"surface":"reducida","lemma":"reducido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fábrica","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cloro","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"cloro","lemma":"cloro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fábrica","gloss":"chlorine"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fosgeno","lemma":"fosgeno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with cloro","gloss":"phosgene"}]},{"number":162,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p77-s7","source":"Ah, y a ver si puede averiguar qué diablo es el gas mostaza.","translation":"Ah, and see if you can find out what the devil mustard gas is.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p77-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"a ver si puede averiguar","title":"«a ver si» — see if / let's see whether","body":"«a ver si...» is a colloquial frame, 'let's see if / see whether', often softening a request or expressing hope. «qué diablo(s)» = 'what the devil', an emphatic. «averiguar» means 'to find out, ascertain'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ver","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of averiguar","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of averiguar","gloss":"you can"},{"surface":"averiguar","lemma":"averiguar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of ver","gloss":"find out"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of diablo","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"diablo","lemma":"diablo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of es","gloss":"the devil"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to gas","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gas","lemma":"gas","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"gas"},{"surface":"mostaza","lemma":"mostaza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with gas","gloss":"mustard"}]},{"number":163,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p77-s8","source":"Destruye cualquier substancia que no esté protegida por un impermeable empapado en aceite.","translation":"It destroys any substance not protected by a waterproof material soaked in oil.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p77-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"cualquier substancia que no esté","title":"Subjunctive after «cualquier... que»","body":"An indefinite or non-specific antecedent — «cualquier substancia» ('any substance whatever') — takes the subjunctive in its relative clause: «que no esté protegida» ('that is not protected'). The substance is hypothetical, not a particular known one, so Spanish marks the verb subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Destruye","lemma":"destruir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it destroys"},{"surface":"cualquier","lemma":"cualquiera","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of substancia","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"substancia","lemma":"substancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Destruye","gloss":"substance"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of protegida","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies protegida","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"esté","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of protegida","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"protegida","lemma":"protegido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying substancia","gloss":"protected"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking impermeable","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of impermeable","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"impermeable","lemma":"impermeable","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of protegida","gloss":"waterproof material"},{"surface":"empapado","lemma":"empapado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies impermeable","gloss":"soaked"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aceite","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"aceite","lemma":"aceite","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of empapado","gloss":"oil"}]},{"number":164,"label":"78","id":"el-guino-p78-s1","source":"–El fosgeno es oxicloruro de carbono.","translation":"“Phosgene is carbon oxychloride.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p78-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fosgeno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fosgeno","lemma":"fosgeno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of oxicloruro","gloss":"phosgene"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to oxicloruro","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"oxicloruro","lemma":"oxicloruro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"oxychloride"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking carbono","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"carbono","lemma":"carbono","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oxicloruro","gloss":"carbon"}]},{"number":165,"label":"79","id":"el-guino-p79-s1","source":"–No pierda tiempo, Erdosain.","translation":"“Don't waste time, Erdosain.”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p79-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pierda","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"pierda","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"waste"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pierda","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct address (vocative)","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":166,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p79-s2","source":"Una fábrica chica.","translation":"A small factory.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p79-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"chica","title":"«chico/a» — small (River Plate)","body":"«chico/a» means 'small, little' and, in the River Plate, is the everyday word for 'small' where Spain often uses «pequeño». «una fábrica chica» = 'a small factory'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fábrica","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fábrica","lemma":"fábrica","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"factory"},{"surface":"chica","lemma":"chico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fábrica","gloss":"small"}]},{"number":167,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p79-s3","source":"Que puede servir de escuela de química revolucionaria.","translation":"Which can serve as a school of revolutionary chemistry.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p79-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"servir de","title":"«servir de» — to serve as","body":"«servir de algo» means 'to serve / function as something': «puede servir de escuela» = 'it can serve as a school'. No article comes between «de» and the role-noun, unlike English 'as a school'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of servir","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of servir","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"servir","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"serve"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escuela","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"escuela","lemma":"escuela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of servir","gloss":"school"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking química","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"química","lemma":"química","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies escuela","gloss":"chemistry"},{"surface":"revolucionaria","lemma":"revolucionario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies química","gloss":"revolutionary"}]},{"number":168,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p79-s4","source":"Recuerde que nuestras actividades se pueden dividir en tres partes.","translation":"Remember that our activities can be divided into three parts.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p79-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Recuerde","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dividir","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nuestras","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of actividades","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"actividades","lemma":"actividad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of dividir","gloss":"activities"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dividir","gloss":"self","note":"Passive/impersonal 'se': 'se pueden dividir' = 'can be divided' — 'se' marks the passive here and has no independent lexical meaning; it does not mean 'be'."},{"surface":"pueden","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of dividir","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"dividir","lemma":"dividir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Recuerde","gloss":"divide"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking partes","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies partes","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"partes","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of dividir","gloss":"parts"}]},{"number":169,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p79-s5","source":"El Buscador de Oro estará encargado de lo relacionado con la colonia, usted con las industrias, Haffner con los prostíbulos.","translation":"The Gold Seeker will be in charge of everything to do with the colony, you with the industries, Haffner with the brothels.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p79-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"estará encargado de","title":"«estar encargado de»","body":"«estar encargado de algo» means 'to be in charge of / responsible for something'. «lo relacionado con la colonia» uses the neuter «lo» + past participle to mean 'everything having to do with the colony' — a compact way to say 'the matters connected with...'."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Buscador","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Buscador","lemma":"Buscador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of encargado","gloss":"Seeker"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Oro","lemma":"Oro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buscador","gloss":"Gold"},{"surface":"estará","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to encargado","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"encargado","lemma":"encargado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in charge"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking relacionado","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of relacionado","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"relacionado","lemma":"relacionado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encargado","gloss":"is related"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking colonia","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of colonia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"colonia","lemma":"colonia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of relacionado","gloss":"colony"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with Buscador","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking industrias","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of industrias","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"industrias","lemma":"industria","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of usted","gloss":"industries"},{"surface":"Haffner","lemma":"Haffner","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Buscador","gloss":"Haffner"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prostíbulos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of prostíbulos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"prostíbulos","lemma":"prostíbulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Haffner","gloss":"brothels"}]},{"number":170,"label":"80","id":"el-guino-p80-s1","source":"Ahora que tenemos dinero no hay que perder tiempo.","translation":"Now that we have money there's no time to lose.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p80-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no hay que perder tiempo","title":"«hay que» + infinitive","body":"«hay que» + infinitive expresses impersonal obligation, 'one must / it's necessary to'. Negated: «no hay que perder tiempo» = 'there's no time to lose / one mustn't waste time'. It states a general necessity without naming who acts."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tenemos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tenemos","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on Ahora","gloss":"we have"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tenemos","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there's"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase hay","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"perder","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hay","gloss":"lose"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of perder","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":171,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p80-s2","source":"Es necesario que trabaje.","translation":"You must work.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p80-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to necesario","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"necesario","lemma":"necesario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trabaje","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"trabaje","lemma":"trabajar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on necesario","gloss":"you work"}]},{"number":172,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p80-s3","source":"¿Qué me dice usted si organizamos una usina que llegue a ser en la Argentina lo que fue la Krupp en Alemania?","translation":"What do you say if we set up a power plant that comes to be in Argentina what Krupp was in Germany?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p80-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of dice","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dice","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"dice","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you say"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of dice","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of organizamos","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"organizamos","lemma":"organizar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of dice","gloss":"we set up"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of usina","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"usina","lemma":"usina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of organizamos","gloss":"power plant"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of llegue","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"llegue","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying usina","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ser","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"complement of llegue","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Argentina","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Argentina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Argentina","lemma":"Argentina","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of llegue","gloss":"Argentina"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"complement of ser","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of the phrase lo","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Krupp","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Krupp","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Krupp","lemma":"Krupp","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of fue","gloss":"Krupp"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Alemania","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Alemania","lemma":"Alemania","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies Krupp","gloss":"Germany"}]},{"number":173,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p80-s4","source":"Hay que tener confianza.","translation":"One must have confidence.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p80-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Hay","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Hay","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"confianza","lemma":"confianza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"confidence"}]},{"number":174,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p80-s5","source":"De lo nuestro pueden salir muchas sorpresas.","translation":"From what is ours many surprises can come.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p80-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies salir","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase De","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"nuestro","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"pronoun, possessive, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase De","gloss":"is ours"},{"surface":"pueden","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of salir","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"salir","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"muchas","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of sorpresas","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"sorpresas","lemma":"sorpresa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of salir","gloss":"surprises"}]},{"number":175,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p80-s6","source":"Somos descubridores que no saben sino en conjunto hacia dónde van.","translation":"We are discoverers who know where they are going only as a body.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p80-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no saben sino en conjunto","title":"«no... sino» — only / nothing but","body":"«no... sino» means 'only / nothing but', correcting or restricting: «no saben sino en conjunto hacia dónde van» = 'they know where they're going only as a collective'. «en conjunto» = 'as a whole, together'. It differs from «pero» ('but'): «sino» substitutes one term for a negated one."}],"words":[{"surface":"Somos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to descubridores","gloss":"we are"},{"surface":"descubridores","lemma":"descubridor","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"discoverers"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of saben","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies saben","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"saben","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying descubridores","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies saben","gloss":"except"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conjunto","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"conjunto","lemma":"conjunto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase sino","gloss":"a body"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dónde","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of van","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of saben","gloss":"they're going"}]},{"number":176,"label":"","id":"el-guino-p80-s7","source":"¡Y eso mismo quién sabe!...","translation":"And even that, who knows!...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p80-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies sabe","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of sabe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of eso","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"quién","lemma":"quién","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":177,"label":"81","id":"el-guino-p81-s1","source":"Erdosain fijó un segundo los ojos en el semblante romboidal del otro, luego, sonriendo burlonamente, dijo:","translation":"Erdosain fixed his eyes for a second on the other's rhomboid face, then, smiling mockingly, said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p81-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of fijó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"fijó","lemma":"fijar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of segundo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"segundo","lemma":"segundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fijó","gloss":"for a second"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of fijó","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking semblante","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of semblante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"semblante","lemma":"semblante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fijó","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"romboidal","lemma":"romboidal","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies semblante","gloss":"rhomboid"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies semblante","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sonriendo","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sonriendo","lemma":"sonreir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"burlonamente","lemma":"burlonamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sonriendo","gloss":"mockingly"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with fijó","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":178,"label":"82","id":"el-guino-p82-s1","source":"–¿Sabe que usted se parece a Lenin?","translation":"“You know you look like Lenin?”","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p82-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se parece a Lenin","title":"«parecerse a» — to resemble","body":"«parecerse a alguien» (pronominal) means 'to resemble / look like someone'. «usted se parece a Lenin» = 'you look like Lenin'. Contrast «parecer» without «se», which means 'to seem / appear'. The closing comparison to Lenin caps the chapter's revolutionary fever on a wry note."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of parece","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of parece","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of parece","gloss":"self","note":"\"Parecerse a\" (to resemble/look like) is reflexive, distinct from \"parecer\" (to seem) — \"se\" has no separate meaning here."},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Sabe","gloss":"looks"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Lenin","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Lenin","lemma":"Lenin","morphology":"proper noun","role":"complement of parece","gloss":"Lenin"}]},{"number":179,"label":"83","id":"el-guino-p83-s1","source":"Y antes de que el Astrólogo pudiera contestarle, salió.","translation":"And before the Astrologer could answer him, he left.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-guino-p83-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"antes de que... pudiera","title":"«antes de que» + subjunctive","body":"«antes de que» ('before') always takes the subjunctive — here the imperfect subjunctive «pudiera» in a past context: 'before the Astrologer could answer him'. The action of answering never happens; the subjunctive marks it as forestalled, and Erdosain walks out — the novel's last word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies salió","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies salió","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of contestarle","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of contestarle","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of contestarle","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"pudiera","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of contestarle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"contestarle","lemma":"contestar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on antes","gloss":"answer him"},{"surface":"salió","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he left"}]}]}