{"work":{"slug":"arlt","title":{"source":"Los siete locos","translated":"The Seven Madmen"},"author":"Roberto Arlt","language":"Spanish","languageCode":"es","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"el-odio","title":{"source":"El odio","translated":"The Hatred"},"section":"Part One","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/el-odio","lines":95},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/un-hombre-extrano","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/los-suenos-del-inventor","license":"Source text: public domain (Roberto Arlt, d. 1942). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: this is a minimal seed excerpt to make the app target runnable; full verified content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"el-odio-p1-s1","source":"Su vida se desangraba.","translation":"His life was bleeding out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se desangraba","title":"Pronominal «desangrarse»","body":"«desangrarse» is the pronominal form of «desangrar» (formed by prefixing «des-» to «sangrar»), meaning 'to bleed out, to drain of blood'. In the imperfect «se desangraba» it pictures the draining as an ongoing process, not a single event."}],"words":[{"surface":"Su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of desangraba","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desangraba","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"desangraba","lemma":"desangrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was bleeding out"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p1-s2","source":"Toda su pena descomprimida extendíase hacia el horizonte entrevistó a través de los cables y de los «trolleys» de los tranvías y súbitamente tuvo la sensación de que caminaba sobre su angustia convertida en una alfombra.","translation":"All his decompressed sorrow stretched out toward the horizon he glimpsed through the cables and the trolleys of the streetcars, and suddenly he had the sensation that he was walking on his anguish turned into a carpet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p1-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"extendíase","title":"Enclitic pronoun on the verb","body":"«extendíase» = «se extendía» ('was stretching out'), with the reflexive «se» attached to the end of the verb. This enclitic placement is a literary, slightly old-fashioned style Arlt favors; in everyday speech the pronoun comes before: «se extendía»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pena","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pena","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pena","lemma":"pena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of extendíase","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"descomprimida","lemma":"descomprimido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pena","gloss":"decompressed"},{"surface":"extendíase","lemma":"extender","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"stretched out","note":"Archaic literary style: the reflexive 'se' is attached to the end of the conjugated verb ('extendíase' = 'se extendía')."},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horizonte","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of horizonte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"horizonte","lemma":"horizonte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of extendíase","gloss":"horizon"},{"surface":"entrevistó","lemma":"entrever","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying horizonte (glimpsed by him)","gloss":"glimpsed","note":"Uncertain: surface form matches 'entrevistar' (to interview), but the sense and our translation ('glimpsed') point to 'entrever' — treated here as an irregular/archaic spelling."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cables, part of the idiom a través de","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"través","lemma":"través","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the idiom a través de","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom a través de","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cables","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cables","lemma":"cable","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of entrevistó","gloss":"cables"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trolleys","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of trolleys","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"trolleys","lemma":"trolley","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with cables","gloss":"trolleys"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tranvías","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tranvías","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tranvías","lemma":"tranvía","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies trolleys","gloss":"streetcars"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"súbitamente","lemma":"súbitamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tuvo","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"tuvo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with extendíase","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sensación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sensación","lemma":"sensación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tuvo","gloss":"sensation"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of caminaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of caminaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"caminaba","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying sensación","gloss":"was walking"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking angustia","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of angustia","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of caminaba","gloss":"anguish"},{"surface":"convertida","lemma":"convertido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies angustia","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alfombra","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of alfombra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"alfombra","lemma":"alfombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition en","gloss":"carpet"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p1-s3","source":"Así como los caballos que, desventados por un toro se enredan en sus propias entrañas, cada paso que daba le dejaba sin sangre los pulmones.","translation":"Just as horses that, gored open by a bull, become tangled in their own entrails, each step he took left his lungs without blood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p1-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"daba / dejaba","title":"Imperfect for a repeated action","body":"Both «daba» (he took) and «dejaba» (it left) are imperfect. Here the imperfect marks a habitual, repeated action — what happened with every single step — rather than one finished event, which would take the preterite."}],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dejaba","gloss":"Just","note":"'Así como' is a fixed correlative meaning 'just as,' introducing the simile that follows."},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of caballos","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of caballos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caballos","lemma":"caballo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"antecedent of que","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of enredan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"desventados","lemma":"desventado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"adverbial clause on enredan","gloss":"gored open","note":"'Desventado' (from desventar) means gored or ripped open, exposing the innards."},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking toro","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of toro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"toro","lemma":"toro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desventados","gloss":"bull"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of enredan","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"enredan","lemma":"enredar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying caballos","gloss":"become tangled"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking entrañas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of entrañas","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"propias","lemma":"propio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies entrañas","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"entrañas","lemma":"entraña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of enredan","gloss":"entrails"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of paso","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"paso","lemma":"paso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dejaba","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of daba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"daba","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying paso","gloss":"he took"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dejaba","gloss":"his","note":"Dative of possession: 'le … los pulmones' means 'his lungs,' not a separate indirect object."},{"surface":"dejaba","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sangre","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"sangre","lemma":"sangre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dejaba","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pulmones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pulmones","lemma":"pulmón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of dejaba","gloss":"lungs"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p1-s4","source":"Respiraba despacio y desesperaba de llegar jamás.","translation":"He breathed slowly and despaired of ever arriving.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p1-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Respiraba","lemma":"respirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"He breathed"},{"surface":"despacio","lemma":"despacio","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Respiraba","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"desesperaba","lemma":"desesperar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Respiraba","gloss":"despaired"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of llegar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"llegar","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of desesperaba","gloss":"arriving"},{"surface":"jamás","lemma":"jamás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegar","gloss":"ever"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p1-s5","source":"¿A dónde?","translation":"Where to?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p1-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dónde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"where"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p1-s6","source":"Ni lo sabía.","translation":"He didn't even know.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p1-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ni lo sabía","title":"«Ni» for 'not even'","body":"«ni» here means 'not even': «ni lo sabía» = 'he didn't even know it'. «ni» intensifies a negative, and the neuter «lo» stands in for the unanswered question 'where to?' from the line before."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sabía","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sabía","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sabía","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":7,"label":"2","id":"el-odio-p2-s1","source":"En la calle Piedras se sentó en el umbral de una casa desocupada.","translation":"On Piedras Street he sat down on the threshold of an empty house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking calle","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of calle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"calle","lemma":"calle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentó","gloss":"Street"},{"surface":"Piedras","lemma":"Piedras","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to calle","gloss":"Piedras"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sentó","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"sentó","lemma":"sentar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking umbral","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of umbral","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"umbral","lemma":"umbral","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentó","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies umbral","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"desocupada","lemma":"desocupado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"empty"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p2-s2","source":"Estuvo varios minutos, luego echó a caminar rápidamente y el sudor corría por su semblante como en los días de excesiva temperatura.","translation":"He stayed for several minutes, then set off walking quickly, and the sweat ran down his face as on days of excessive heat.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p2-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"echó a caminar","title":"«echar a» + infinitive","body":"«echar a» plus an infinitive means 'to start/break into (doing something)' with a sudden, abrupt sense: «echó a caminar» = 'he set off walking', 'he started walking'. Compare «echó a correr» = 'he broke into a run'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Estuvo","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"He stayed"},{"surface":"varios","lemma":"varios","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of minutos","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"minutos","lemma":"minuto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Estuvo","gloss":"minutes"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies echó","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"echó","lemma":"echar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Estuvo","gloss":"set off"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of caminar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"caminar","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of echó","gloss":"walking"},{"surface":"rápidamente","lemma":"rápidamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies echó","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sudor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sudor","lemma":"sudor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of corría","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"corría","lemma":"correr","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with echó","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking semblante","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of semblante","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"semblante","lemma":"semblante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of corría","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of días","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking días","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of días","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of corría","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking temperatura","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"excesiva","lemma":"excesivo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies temperatura","gloss":"excessive"},{"surface":"temperatura","lemma":"temperatura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies días","gloss":"heat"}]},{"number":9,"label":"3","id":"el-odio-p3-s1","source":"Así llegó hasta Cerrito y Lavalle.","translation":"Thus he reached the corner of Cerrito and Lavalle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegó","gloss":"Thus"},{"surface":"llegó","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he reached"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Cerrito","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Cerrito","lemma":"Cerrito","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of llegó","gloss":"Cerrito"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Lavalle","lemma":"Lavalle","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Cerrito","gloss":"Lavalle"}]},{"number":10,"label":"4","id":"el-odio-p4-s1","source":"Al poner una mano en el bolsillo encontró que tenía un puñado de billetes y entonces entró en el bar Japonés.","translation":"On putting a hand in his pocket he found he had a fistful of banknotes, and so he went into the Japanese bar.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Al poner","title":"«Al» + infinitive","body":"«Al» followed by an infinitive means 'upon / on (doing something)': «al poner una mano en el bolsillo» = 'on putting a hand in his pocket', 'as he put a hand in his pocket'. It packs a whole clause of time into two words."}],"words":[{"surface":"Al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poner","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"poner","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on encontró","gloss":"putting"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of poner","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bolsillo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bolsillo","gloss":"his","note":"Spanish uses the definite article where English uses a possessive for body parts and personal items: 'el bolsillo' = 'his pocket.'"},{"surface":"bolsillo","lemma":"bolsillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of poner","gloss":"pocket"},{"surface":"encontró","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he found"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tenía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of encontró","gloss":"he had"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of puñado","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"puñado","lemma":"puñado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"fistful"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking billetes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"billetes","lemma":"billete","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies puñado","gloss":"banknotes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies entró","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"entró","lemma":"entrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with encontró","gloss":"he went"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bar","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bar","lemma":"bar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of entró","gloss":"bar"},{"surface":"Japonés","lemma":"japonés","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bar","gloss":"Japanese"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p4-s2","source":"Cocheros y rufianes hacían rueda en torno de las mesas.","translation":"Coachmen and pimps clustered in a ring around the tables.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p4-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"rufianes","title":"«rufián» — pimp","body":"A «rufián» is literally a ruffian or scoundrel, but in the Buenos Aires underworld of Arlt's novels it means specifically a pimp — a man living off prostitution. The bar is full of them."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cocheros","lemma":"cochero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of hacían","gloss":"Coachmen"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rufianes","lemma":"rufián","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with Cocheros","gloss":"pimps"},{"surface":"hacían","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"clustered"},{"surface":"rueda","lemma":"rueda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hacían","gloss":"a ring"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mesas","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"torno","lemma":"torno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"circle","note":"'Torno' here is part of the fixed preposition 'en torno de,' meaning 'around.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mesas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mesas","lemma":"mesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of hacían","gloss":"tables"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p4-s3","source":"Un negro con cuello palomita y alpargatas negras se arrancaba los parásitos del sobaco, y tres «polacos» polacos, con gruesos anillos de oro en los dedos, en su jerigonza, trataban de prostíbulos y alcahuetas.","translation":"A black man in a wing collar and black espadrilles was pulling the parasites out of his armpit, and three Polish \"polacos\", with thick gold rings on their fingers, talked in their gibberish of brothels and procuresses.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p4-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"«polacos»","title":"«polaco» — a double meaning","body":"In 1920s Buenos Aires «polaco» (Pole) was also slang for a Jewish pimp of the Zwi Migdal trafficking ring, many of whose members came from Poland. Arlt writes «tres polacos polacos» — three pimps who were also literally Poles — playing on the word's two senses."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of negro","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"negro","lemma":"negro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of arrancaba","gloss":"black man"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuello","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"cuello","lemma":"cuello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies negro","gloss":"collar"},{"surface":"palomita","lemma":"palomita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with cuello","gloss":"wing"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alpargatas","lemma":"alpargata","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with cuello","gloss":"espadrilles"},{"surface":"negras","lemma":"negro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies alpargatas","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of arrancaba","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"arrancaba","lemma":"arrancar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was pulling"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of parásitos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"parásitos","lemma":"parásito","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of arrancaba","gloss":"parasites"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sobaco","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"sobaco","lemma":"sobaco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrancaba","gloss":"armpit"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies polacos","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"polacos","lemma":"polaco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of trataban","gloss":"polacos","note":"'Polaco' was period Argentine slang for a pimp or trafficker (often Eastern European), not literally 'a Pole.'"},{"surface":"polacos","lemma":"polaco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies polacos","gloss":"Polish"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anillos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gruesos","lemma":"grueso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies anillos","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"anillos","lemma":"anillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies polacos","gloss":"rings"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies anillos","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies anillos","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jerigonza","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of jerigonza","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"jerigonza","lemma":"jerigonza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trataban","gloss":"gibberish"},{"surface":"trataban","lemma":"tratar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with arrancaba","gloss":"talked"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prostíbulos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"prostíbulos","lemma":"prostíbulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of trataban","gloss":"brothels"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alcahuetas","lemma":"alcahueta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with prostíbulos","gloss":"procuresses"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p4-s4","source":"En otro rincón varios choferes de taxímetros jugaban a los naipes.","translation":"In another corner several taxi drivers were playing cards.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p4-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rincón","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rincón","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"rincón","lemma":"rincón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of jugaban","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"varios","lemma":"varios","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of choferes","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"choferes","lemma":"chofer","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of jugaban","gloss":"drivers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking taxímetros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"taxímetros","lemma":"taxímetro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies choferes","gloss":"taxis"},{"surface":"jugaban","lemma":"jugar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were playing"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking naipes","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of naipes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"naipes","lemma":"naipe","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of jugaban","gloss":"cards"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p4-s5","source":"El negro que se despiojaba miraba en redor, como solicitando con los ojos que el público ratificara su operación, pero nadie hacía caso de él.","translation":"The black man delousing himself looked around, as if asking with his eyes for the onlookers to endorse his operation, but no one paid him any attention.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p4-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ratificara","title":"Imperfect subjunctive after «solicitar que»","body":"«ratificara» is the imperfect subjunctive of «ratificar». Verbs of wanting or asking — here «solicitando … que» ('asking that') — trigger the subjunctive in the clause that follows: 'asking that the public endorse it'."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of negro","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"negro","lemma":"negro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of miraba","gloss":"black man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of despiojaba","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of despiojaba","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"despiojaba","lemma":"despiojar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying negro","gloss":"delousing"},{"surface":"miraba","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking redor","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"redor","lemma":"redor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of miraba","gloss":"around","note":"'Redor' is an archaic/literary form of 'alrededor,' meaning 'surroundings, around.'"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of solicitando","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"solicitando","lemma":"solicitar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on miraba","gloss":"asking"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of solicitando","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ratificara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of público","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"público","lemma":"público","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ratificara","gloss":"onlookers"},{"surface":"ratificara","lemma":"ratificar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of solicitando","gloss":"endorse"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of operación","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"operación","lemma":"operación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ratificara","gloss":"operation"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of hacía","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with miraba","gloss":"paid"},{"surface":"caso","lemma":"caso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hacía","gloss":"attention"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hacía","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":15,"label":"5","id":"el-odio-p5-s1","source":"Erdosain, pidió café, apoyó la frente en la mano y se quedó mirando el mármol.","translation":"Erdosain ordered coffee, rested his forehead on his hand, and sat staring at the marble.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se quedó mirando","title":"«quedarse» + gerund","body":"«quedarse» plus a gerund means to remain doing something, to be left doing it: «se quedó mirando» = 'he stayed/ended up staring'. The pronominal «se» here marks the change into a settled state."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of pidió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"pidió","lemma":"pedir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"café","lemma":"café","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pidió","gloss":"coffee"},{"surface":"apoyó","lemma":"apoyar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pidió","gloss":"rested"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of apoyó","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mano","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyó","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of quedó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"quedó","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with apoyó","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"mirando","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of quedó","gloss":"staring"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mármol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mármol","lemma":"mármol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mirando","gloss":"marble"}]},{"number":16,"label":"6","id":"el-odio-p6-s1","source":"–¿De dónde sacar los seiscientos pesos?","translation":"—Where to get the six hundred pesos?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿De dónde sacar…?","title":"Infinitive as a deliberating question","body":"A bare infinitive after a question word voices an inner deliberation with no stated subject: «¿De dónde sacar…?» = 'Where (am I) to get…?'. It renders thought weighing options rather than asking someone."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dónde","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of sacar","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"sacar","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to get"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pesos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"seiscientos","lemma":"seiscientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"six hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of sacar","gloss":"pesos"}]},{"number":17,"label":"7","id":"el-odio-p7-s1","source":"Luego pensó en Gregorio Barsut, el primo de su mujer.","translation":"Then he thought of Gregorio Barsut, his wife's cousin.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pensó","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"pensó","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he thought"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gregorio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Gregorio","lemma":"Gregorio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of pensó","gloss":"Gregorio"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Gregorio","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of primo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"primo","lemma":"primo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Gregorio","gloss":"cousin"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mujer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies primo","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":18,"label":"8","id":"el-odio-p8-s1","source":"Ya no le preocupaba la actitud de Ergueta.","translation":"Ergueta's attitude no longer worried him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ya no","title":"«ya no» — 'no longer'","body":"«ya no» means 'no longer, not anymore': «ya no le preocupaba» = 'it no longer worried him'. Note the inverted order — the subject «la actitud de Ergueta» comes after the verb, very natural in Spanish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies preocupaba","gloss":"any longer","note":"'Ya no' together means 'no longer, not anymore.'"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies preocupaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of preocupaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"preocupaba","lemma":"preocupar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"worried"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of actitud","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"actitud","lemma":"actitud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of preocupaba","gloss":"attitude"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ergueta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies actitud","gloss":"Ergueta"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p8-s2","source":"Ante sus ojos se materializaba la taciturna figura del otro, de Gregorio Barsut, con la cabeza rapada, la nariz huesuda de ave de presa, los ojos verdosos y las orejas en punta como las del lobo.","translation":"Before his eyes there materialized the taciturn figure of the other man, of Gregorio Barsut, with his shaved head, his bony bird-of-prey nose, his greenish eyes, and his ears pointed like a wolf's.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p8-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"Before"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of materializaba","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of materializaba","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"materializaba","lemma":"materializar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"materialized"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of figura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"taciturna","lemma":"taciturno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies figura","gloss":"taciturn"},{"surface":"figura","lemma":"figura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of materializaba","gloss":"figure"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies figura","gloss":"the other man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gregorio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Gregorio","lemma":"Gregorio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies otro","gloss":"Gregorio"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Gregorio","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabeza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Gregorio","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"rapada","lemma":"rapado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cabeza","gloss":"shaved"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nariz","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"nariz","lemma":"nariz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with cabeza","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"huesuda","lemma":"huesudo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nariz","gloss":"bony"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ave","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ave","lemma":"ave","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nariz","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking presa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"presa","lemma":"presa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ave","gloss":"prey"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with cabeza","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"verdosos","lemma":"verdoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ojos","gloss":"greenish"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of orejas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"orejas","lemma":"oreja","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with ojos","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking punta","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"punta","lemma":"punta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies orejas","gloss":"a point"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of las","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"refers to orejas","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lobo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"lobo","lemma":"lobo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies las","gloss":"wolf"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p8-s3","source":"Su presencia le hacía temblar las manos dejándole la boca seca.","translation":"His presence made his hands tremble, leaving his mouth dry.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p8-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le hacía temblar","title":"«hacer» + infinitive (causative)","body":"«hacer» plus an infinitive expresses making something happen: «le hacía temblar las manos» = 'made his hands tremble'. The «le» marks the person affected — literally 'made the hands tremble for him'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of presencia","gloss":"His"},{"surface":"presencia","lemma":"presencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hacía","gloss":"presence"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hacía","gloss":"his","note":"Dative of possession: 'le … las manos' means 'his hands.'"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"temblar","lemma":"temblar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacía","gloss":"tremble"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of temblar","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"dejándole","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on hacía","gloss":"leaving his","note":"The clitic 'le' is fused onto the gerund: 'dejándole' = 'leaving him/his.'"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of boca","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"boca","lemma":"boca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dejándole","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"seca","lemma":"seco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies boca","gloss":"dry"}]},{"number":21,"label":"9","id":"el-odio-p9-s1","source":"Le volvería a pedir dinero esa noche.","translation":"He would ask him for money again that night.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"volvería a pedir","title":"«volver a» + infinitive — 'to do again'","body":"«volver a» plus an infinitive means 'to do (something) again': «volver a pedir» = 'to ask again'. Here in the conditional «volvería a pedir» = 'he would ask again'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pedir","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"volvería","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would again"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pedir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pedir","lemma":"pedir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of volvería","gloss":"ask"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pedir","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volvería","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p9-s2","source":"Seguramente a las nueve y media estaría en su casa como de costumbre.","translation":"Surely by half past nine he would be at his house as usual.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p9-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Seguramente","lemma":"seguramente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estaría","gloss":"Surely"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nueve","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nueve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nueve","lemma":"nueve","morphology":"numeral","role":"oblique complement of estaría","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"media","lemma":"medio","morphology":"numeral, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with nueve","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"estaría","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he would be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estaría","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of costumbre","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking costumbre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"costumbre","lemma":"costumbre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies estaría","gloss":"usual","note":"'Como de costumbre' is a fixed idiom meaning 'as usual.'"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p9-s3","source":"Y lo reveía.","translation":"And he saw him again in his mind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p9-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"reveía","title":"«rever» — to see again","body":"«reveía» is the imperfect of «rever» ('to re-see, to see again'), built from «re-» + «ver». Here it is mental: Erdosain pictures Barsut once more before his eyes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of reveía","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"reveía","lemma":"rever","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw again","note":"'Rever' means 'to see again, envision'; here, to picture someone again in one's mind."}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p9-s4","source":"Amontonando una conversación abundante de pretextos vagos para visitarle, torrentes de palabras que lo entontecían a Erdosain, que con la boca sedienta y las manos temblorosas, no se atrevía a echarlo de su casa.","translation":"Piling up a conversation full of vague pretexts for visiting him, torrents of words that left Erdosain stupefied, who with parched mouth and trembling hands did not dare to throw him out of his house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p9-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no se atrevía a","title":"Pronominal «atreverse a»","body":"«atreverse a» ('to dare to') is always pronominal — it carries «se» — and is followed by «a» plus an infinitive: «no se atrevía a echarlo» = 'he did not dare to throw him out'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Amontonando","lemma":"amontonar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause, main action of the sentence (subject Barsut, from the previous line)","gloss":"piling up"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of conversación","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"conversación","lemma":"conversación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Amontonando","gloss":"conversation"},{"surface":"abundante","lemma":"abundante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies conversación","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pretextos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pretextos","lemma":"pretexto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"complement of abundante","gloss":"pretexts"},{"surface":"vagos","lemma":"vago","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pretextos","gloss":"vague"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of visitarle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"visitarle","lemma":"visitar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying pretextos","gloss":"visiting him"},{"surface":"torrentes","lemma":"torrente","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to conversación, object of Amontonando","gloss":"torrents"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palabras","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies torrentes","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of entontecían","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of entontecían","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"entontecían","lemma":"entontecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying torrentes","gloss":"stupefied"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of entontecían (doubling lo)","gloss":"Erdosain","note":"Clitic doubling: 'lo... a Erdosain' repeats the object for clarity, common in spoken Spanish."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of atrevía","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boca","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of boca","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"boca","lemma":"boca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of atrevía","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"sedienta","lemma":"sediento","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies boca","gloss":"parched"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with boca","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"temblorosas","lemma":"tembloroso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies manos","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies atrevía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of atrevía","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"atrevía","lemma":"atreverse","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Erdosain","gloss":"dared"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of echarlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"echarlo","lemma":"echar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of atrevía","gloss":"throw him out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of echarlo","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":25,"label":"10","id":"el-odio-p10-s1","source":"Y Gregorio Barsut debía darse cuenta de la repulsión que Erdosain experimentaba hacia él, porque más de una vez le dijo:","translation":"And Gregorio Barsut must have been aware of the revulsion Erdosain felt toward him, because more than once he said to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"darse cuenta de","title":"«darse cuenta de» — to realize","body":"«darse cuenta de» is a fixed pronominal idiom meaning 'to realize, to become aware of'. «debía darse cuenta» = 'he must have realized / he must have been aware'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating conjunction linking to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"Gregorio","lemma":"Gregorio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of debía","gloss":"Gregorio"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Gregorio","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"debía","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of darse","gloss":"must have"},{"surface":"darse","lemma":"dar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with darse","gloss":"aware","note":"Idiom 'darse cuenta de' = 'to realize/be aware of'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking repulsión","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of repulsión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"repulsión","lemma":"repulsión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of the phrase darse cuenta de","gloss":"revulsion"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of experimentaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of experimentaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"experimentaba","lemma":"experimentar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying repulsión","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of experimentaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dijo","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase más de una vez, modifies dijo","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase más de una vez","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase más de una vez","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase más de una vez","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by porque","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":26,"label":"11","id":"el-odio-p11-s1","source":"–Parece que mi conversación te desagrada, ¿no? –lo cual no era óbice para que fuera a su casa con frecuencia fastidiosa.","translation":"—It seems my conversation annoys you, doesn't it?—which was no obstacle to his coming to the house with tiresome frequency.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"óbice","title":"«óbice» — obstacle, impediment","body":"«óbice» is a formal, literary word for an obstacle or impediment, almost always in the negative phrase «no ser óbice para» = 'to be no obstacle to'. The clause that follows takes the subjunctive «fuera»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"It seems"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desagrada","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of conversación","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"conversación","lemma":"conversación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of desagrada","gloss":"conversation"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of desagrada","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"desagrada","lemma":"desagradar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Parece","gloss":"annoys"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"stand-alone tag question","gloss":"right?","note":"Tag question, like English 'isn't it?' or 'right?'"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"part of the relative phrase lo cual","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cual","lemma":"cual","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies era","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to óbice","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"óbice","lemma":"óbice","morphology":"noun","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"obstacle"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fuera","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fuera","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of óbice","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fuera","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frecuencia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"frecuencia","lemma":"frecuencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fuera","gloss":"frequency"},{"surface":"fastidiosa","lemma":"fastidioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies frecuencia","gloss":"tiresome"}]},{"number":27,"label":"12","id":"el-odio-p12-s1","source":"Erdosain se apresuró a negarle, y trató aparentemente de interesarse en la cháchara del otro, que conversaba horas seguidas, sin ton ni son, espiando siempre el rincón sudeste del cuarto.","translation":"Erdosain hurried to deny it, and tried, to all appearances, to take an interest in the other man's chatter, who would talk for hours on end, without rhyme or reason, always spying on the southeast corner of the room.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sin ton ni son","title":"«sin ton ni son» — without rhyme or reason","body":"«sin ton ni son» is a set idiom meaning 'without rhyme or reason, aimlessly, for no good reason'. It describes Barsut's endless, pointless talk."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of apresuró","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of apresuró","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"apresuró","lemma":"apresurar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hurried"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of negarle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"negarle","lemma":"negar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of apresuró","gloss":"deny it"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"trató","lemma":"tratar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with apresuró","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"aparentemente","lemma":"aparentemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trató","gloss":"apparently"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of interesarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"interesarse","lemma":"interesar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of trató","gloss":"take interest"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cháchara","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cháchara","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cháchara","lemma":"cháchara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of interesarse","gloss":"chatter"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cháchara","gloss":"other man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of conversaba","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"conversaba","lemma":"conversar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying otro","gloss":"would talk"},{"surface":"horas","lemma":"hora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"duration complement of conversaba","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"seguidas","lemma":"seguido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies horas","gloss":"on end"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ton","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom sin ton ni son, modifies conversaba","gloss":"rhyme"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom sin ton ni son, modifies conversaba","gloss":"reason","note":"Idiom 'sin ton ni son' = 'without rhyme or reason'; here 'son' is a noun, not the verb 'ser'."},{"surface":"espiando","lemma":"espiar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause coordinated with conversaba, describing otro","gloss":"spying"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies espiando","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rincón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rincón","lemma":"rincón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of espiando","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"sudeste","lemma":"sudeste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies rincón","gloss":"southeast"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuarto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cuarto","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rincón","gloss":"room"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p12-s2","source":"¿Qué es lo que se proponía con esa actitud?","translation":"What was he aiming at with that behavior?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p12-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of es (fronted)","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb (copula) of the sentence","gloss":"is","note":"Cleft construction '¿Qué es lo que...?' emphasizes the question; equivalent to simply 'What did he...?'"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"part of the relative pronoun lo que, subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of proponía (part of lo que; the implicit subject of proponía is 'he/Gregorio', confirmed by the translation's 'was he aiming at')","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of proponía","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"proponía","lemma":"proponer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the clause lo que se proponía, subject of es","gloss":"aiming for"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking actitud","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of actitud","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"actitud","lemma":"actitud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of proponía","gloss":"behavior"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p12-s3","source":"Erdosain a su vez se consolaba de tales momentos desagradables pensando que el otro vivía acosado por la envidia y ciertos sufrimientos atroces que no tenían motivo de ser.","translation":"Erdosain in turn consoled himself for such unpleasant moments by thinking that the other man lived hounded by envy and certain atrocious sufferings that had no reason to exist.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p12-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of consolaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom a su vez","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"part of the idiom a su vez","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the idiom a su vez, modifies consolaba","gloss":"turn","note":"Idiom 'a su vez' = 'in turn'."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of consolaba","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"consolaba","lemma":"consolar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"consoled himself"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momentos","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"tales","lemma":"tal","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of momentos","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"momentos","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of consolaba","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"desagradables","lemma":"desagradable","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies momentos","gloss":"unpleasant"},{"surface":"pensando","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on consolaba","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vivía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vivía","gloss":"other man"},{"surface":"vivía","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of pensando","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"acosado","lemma":"acosado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of vivía, describes otro","gloss":"hounded"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking envidia","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of envidia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"envidia","lemma":"envidia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of acosado","gloss":"envy"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ciertos","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sufrimientos","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"sufrimientos","lemma":"sufrimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with envidia","gloss":"sufferings"},{"surface":"atroces","lemma":"atroz","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies sufrimientos","gloss":"atrocious"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tenían","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tenían","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tenían","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying sufrimientos","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"motivo","lemma":"motivo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of tenían, part of the idiom motivo de ser","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ser","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying motivo","gloss":"exist"}]},{"number":30,"label":"13","id":"el-odio-p13-s1","source":"Una noche dijo Gregorio, en presencia de la esposa de Erdosain, que raramente asistía a esas conversaciones, pues se quedaba en otro cuarto cerrando la puerta para no escuchar las voces:","translation":"One night Gregorio said, in the presence of Erdosain's wife—who rarely attended those conversations, since she stayed in another room, closing the door so as not to hear the voices:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"One"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dijo","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Gregorio","lemma":"Gregorio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Gregorio"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esposa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"presencia","lemma":"presencia","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en presencia de","gloss":"presence"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en presencia de","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of esposa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esposa","lemma":"esposa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dijo","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies esposa","gloss":"Erdosain's"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of asistía","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"raramente","lemma":"raramente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies asistía","gloss":"rarely"},{"surface":"asistía","lemma":"asistir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying esposa","gloss":"attended"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conversaciones","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of conversaciones","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"conversaciones","lemma":"conversación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of asistía","gloss":"conversations"},{"surface":"pues","lemma":"pues","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quedaba","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of quedaba","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"quedaba","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on asistía","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuarto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuarto","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"cuarto","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of quedaba","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"cerrando","lemma":"cerrar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on quedaba","gloss":"closing"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cerrando","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of escuchar","gloss":"so as"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies escuchar","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"escuchar","lemma":"escuchar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on cerrando","gloss":"to hear"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of voces","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voces","lemma":"voz","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of escuchar","gloss":"voices"}]},{"number":31,"label":"14","id":"el-odio-p14-s1","source":"–¡Qué notable sería que me volviera loco y los matara a ustedes a tiros, suicidándome luego!","translation":"—How remarkable it would be if I went mad and shot you all dead, then killed myself!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p14-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sería que me volviera","title":"Conditional + imperfect subjunctive","body":"A hypothetical pairs the conditional «sería» ('it would be') with the imperfect subjunctive «volviera», «matara» in the «que» clause: 'How remarkable it would be if I went mad and killed you'. «volverse loco» = 'to go mad'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies notable (exclamatory)","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"notable","lemma":"notable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of sería","gloss":"remarkable"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of volviera (subject clause of sería)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive, singular","role":"reflexive particle of volviera","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"volviera","lemma":"volverse","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the subject clause, complement of sería","gloss":"became","note":"'Volverse loco' = 'to go mad' — reflexive 'volverse' means 'to become'."},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective, complement of volviera","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of matara","gloss":"you all"},{"surface":"matara","lemma":"matar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with volviera","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ustedes","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"ustedes","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, plural","role":"direct object of matara","gloss":"you all"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiros","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"tiros","lemma":"tiro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of matara","gloss":"gunshots"},{"surface":"suicidándome","lemma":"suicidarse","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause coordinated with volviera and matara","gloss":"killing myself"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suicidándome","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p14-s2","source":"Sus ojos oblicuos estaban fijos en el rincón sudeste del cuarto, y sonreía mostrando los dientes puntiagudos, como si las palabras que antes había dicho no pasaran de una broma.","translation":"His slanting eyes were fixed on the southeast corner of the room, and he smiled, showing his pointed teeth, as if the words he had just spoken were no more than a joke.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p14-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si … no pasaran","title":"«como si» + imperfect subjunctive","body":"«como si» ('as if') always takes the imperfect (or pluperfect) subjunctive, never the indicative: «como si … no pasaran de una broma» = 'as if they were no more than a joke'. It frames a contrary-to-fact comparison."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"His"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of estaban","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"oblicuos","lemma":"oblicuo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ojos","gloss":"slanting"},{"surface":"estaban","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to fijos","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"fijos","lemma":"fijo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate adjective, complement of estaban","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rincón","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rincón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rincón","lemma":"rincón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fijos","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"sudeste","lemma":"sudeste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies rincón","gloss":"southeast"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuarto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cuarto","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rincón","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sonreía","lemma":"sonreir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estaban","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"mostrando","lemma":"mostrar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on sonreía","gloss":"showing"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dientes","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"dientes","lemma":"diente","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of mostrando","gloss":"teeth"},{"surface":"puntiagudos","lemma":"puntiagudo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies dientes","gloss":"pointed"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pasaran","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pasaran","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of pasaran","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of dicho","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dicho","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dicho","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"dicho","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying palabras","gloss":"spoken"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pasaran","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pasaran","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on sonreía","gloss":"amounted to"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking broma","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of broma","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"broma","lemma":"broma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasaran","gloss":"joke"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p14-s3","source":"Pero Elsa, mirándolo muy seria, le dijo:","translation":"But Elsa, looking at him very gravely, said to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p14-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"Elsa","lemma":"Elsa","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Elsa"},{"surface":"mirándolo","lemma":"mirar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"looking at him"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies seria","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"seria","lemma":"serio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective describing Elsa","gloss":"serious"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":34,"label":"15","id":"el-odio-p15-s1","source":"–Que sea la última vez que hables de esta manera en mi casa.","translation":"—Let this be the last time you speak this way in my house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p15-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Que sea","title":"«Que» + subjunctive as a command","body":"An independent clause opening with «que» plus the present subjunctive expresses a wish or order toward a third party: «Que sea la última vez» = 'Let this be the last time'. «hables» is likewise subjunctive after «que»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the jussive subjunctive clause (main verb sea)","gloss":"Let"},{"surface":"sea","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vez","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"última","lemma":"último","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vez","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sea","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of hables, modifies vez","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hables","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, singular","role":"clause modifying vez","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manera","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of manera","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"manera","lemma":"manera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hables","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hables","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p15-s2","source":"Si no, no volvés a pisar aquí.","translation":"If not, you'll never set foot in here again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p15-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"volvés","title":"Argentine «voseo»","body":"«volvés» is the «vos» form of «volver», not the standard «vuelves». In Buenos Aires «vos» replaces «tú», with its own present-tense endings (stress on the last syllable, no diphthong). «no volvés a pisar» = 'you don't set foot again'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional phrase si no","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Si no","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies volvés","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"volvés","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular (voseo)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come back","note":"Voseo form: vos volvés, replacing tú vuelves — standard in Rioplatense Spanish."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pisar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pisar","lemma":"pisar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of volvés","gloss":"set foot"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pisar","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p15-s3","source":"Gregorio trató de disculparse.","translation":"Gregorio tried to apologize.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p15-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Gregorio","lemma":"Gregorio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of trató","gloss":"Gregorio"},{"surface":"trató","lemma":"tratar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of disculparse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"disculparse","lemma":"disculpar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of trató","gloss":"apologize"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p15-s4","source":"Pero ella salió y en toda la noche no volvió a dejarse ver.","translation":"But she left, and for the rest of the night did not show herself again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p15-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies salió","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of salió","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"salió","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking noche","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies noche","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volvió","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies volvió","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with salió","gloss":"did again"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dejarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dejarse","lemma":"dejar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of volvió","gloss":"let herself"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of volvió","gloss":"be seen"}]},{"number":38,"label":"16","id":"el-odio-p16-s1","source":"Continuaron los dos hombres charlando, el otro más pálido, la frente estrecha cargada de tumultuosas contracciones, pasándose a momentos la ancha mano por su cepillo de cabello color de bronce.","translation":"The two men went on chatting, the other man paler now, his narrow forehead loaded with tumultuous twitchings, passing his broad hand now and then over his brush of bronze-colored hair.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p16-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Continuaron","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies los","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of Continuaron","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"charlando","lemma":"charlar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on Continuaron","gloss":"chatting"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"appositive to hombres, describes state","gloss":"other man"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pálido","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"pálido","lemma":"pálido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies otro","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"absolute phrase describing otro (his forehead)","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"estrecha","lemma":"estrecho","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies frente","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"cargada","lemma":"cargado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies frente","gloss":"loaded"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking contracciones","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"tumultuosas","lemma":"tumultuoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies contracciones","gloss":"tumultuous"},{"surface":"contracciones","lemma":"contracción","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cargada","gloss":"twitchings"},{"surface":"pasándose","lemma":"pasar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on Continuaron","gloss":"passing"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momentos","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"momentos","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pasándose","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ancha","lemma":"ancho","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mano","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of pasándose","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cepillo","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cepillo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cepillo","lemma":"cepillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasándose","gloss":"brush"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabello","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cabello","lemma":"cabello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cepillo","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"color","lemma":"color","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cabello","gloss":"color"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bronce","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bronce","lemma":"bronce","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies color","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":39,"label":"17","id":"el-odio-p17-s1","source":"Erdosain no se explicaba el odio que le había cobrado a Barsut.","translation":"Erdosain could not explain to himself the hatred he had taken toward Barsut.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p17-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cobrar odio","title":"«cobrar» + a feeling","body":"Beyond 'to charge/collect', «cobrar» combines with feelings to mean 'to conceive, to take on' them: «cobrar odio» = 'to take a hatred (to someone)', «cobrar cariño» = 'to grow fond'. The pluperfect «había cobrado» = 'had taken'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of explicaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies explicaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of explicaba","gloss":"to himself"},{"surface":"explicaba","lemma":"explicar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"explained"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of odio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"odio","lemma":"odio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of explicaba","gloss":"hatred"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of cobrado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of cobrado, doubling a Barsut","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of cobrado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"cobrado","lemma":"cobrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying odio","gloss":"taken","note":"Idiom: cobrarle odio a alguien = to develop a hatred toward someone — cobrar doesn't mean \"to charge/collect\" here."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of cobrado, doubling le","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p17-s2","source":"Le suponía grosero, mas ello se contradecía con ciertos sueños de Gregorio, en los que aparecía en descubierto una naturaleza vaga, extraña, delicada, movida por los más inexplicables sentimientos.","translation":"He supposed him coarse, but that was contradicted by certain dreams of Gregorio's, in which a vague, strange, delicate nature was laid bare, moved by the most inexplicable feelings.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p17-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"mas","title":"«mas» without accent — 'but'","body":"«mas» (no accent) is a literary equivalent of «pero», 'but'. Do not confuse it with «más» (with accent), 'more'. Arlt uses the bare «mas» for an elevated register."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular (leísta direct object)","role":"direct object of suponía","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"suponía","lemma":"suponer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"supposed"},{"surface":"grosero","lemma":"grosero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"object complement of suponía, describing Le","gloss":"coarse"},{"surface":"mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction, adversative","role":"coordinating conjunction linking to suponía clause","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ello","lemma":"ello","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of contradecía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive (passive marker)","role":"passive particle of contradecía","gloss":"marks the passive","note":"Passive/impersonal se: \"se contradecía\" = \"was contradicted,\" not a true reflexive action."},{"surface":"contradecía","lemma":"contradecir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with suponía (via mas)","gloss":"was contradicted"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sueños","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"ciertos","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sueños","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"sueños","lemma":"sueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of preposition con (agent of contradecía)","gloss":"dreams"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gregorio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Gregorio","lemma":"Gregorio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies sueños","gloss":"Gregorio"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of aparecía","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"aparecía","lemma":"aparecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying sueños","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies aparecía","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"descubierto","lemma":"descubierto","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"the open","note":"Idiom: aparecer en descubierto = to be laid bare/exposed."},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of naturaleza","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"naturaleza","lemma":"naturaleza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of aparecía","gloss":"nature"},{"surface":"vaga","lemma":"vago","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies naturaleza","gloss":"vague"},{"surface":"extraña","lemma":"extraño","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies naturaleza","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"delicada","lemma":"delicado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies naturaleza","gloss":"delicate"},{"surface":"movida","lemma":"movido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies naturaleza","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sentimientos","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sentimientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inexplicables","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"inexplicables","lemma":"inexplicable","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies sentimientos","gloss":"inexplicable"},{"surface":"sentimientos","lemma":"sentimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of preposition por (agent of movida)","gloss":"feelings"}]},{"number":41,"label":"18","id":"el-odio-p18-s1","source":"Otras veces su grosería aparente o real, trocábase en repugnante, y frente a Erdosain, que reprimía su indignación desdibujando en los labios un esquince pálido, Barsut amontonaba obscenidades sin nombre, por el solo placer de ultrajar la sensibilidad del otro.","translation":"At other times his coarseness, whether apparent or real, turned repugnant, and in front of Erdosain—who suppressed his indignation, blurring on his lips a pale grimace—Barsut piled up nameless obscenities, for the sole pleasure of outraging the other man's sensibility.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p18-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"trocábase en","title":"«trocarse en» — to turn into","body":"«trocar» means to exchange or transform; pronominal «trocarse en» = 'to turn into, to change into'. Here «trocábase en repugnante» (with the enclitic «se») = 'turned repugnant'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Otras","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of trocábase","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of grosería","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"grosería","lemma":"grosería","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of trocábase","gloss":"coarseness"},{"surface":"aparente","lemma":"aparente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies grosería","gloss":"apparent"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"real","lemma":"real","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with aparente","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"trocábase","lemma":"trocarse","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular, with enclitic reflexive pronoun","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned","note":"Archaic/literary word order: trocábase = se trocaba (\"turned into\")."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking repugnante","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"repugnante","lemma":"repugnante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"oblique complement of trocábase","gloss":"repugnant"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, part of the compound preposition frente a","role":"head of the compound preposition frente a, marking Erdosain","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase frente","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of amontonaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of reprimía","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"reprimía","lemma":"reprimir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Erdosain","gloss":"suppressed"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of indignación","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"indignación","lemma":"indignación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of reprimía","gloss":"indignation"},{"surface":"desdibujando","lemma":"desdibujar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on reprimía","gloss":"blurring"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking labios","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of labios","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"labios","lemma":"labio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of desdibujando","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of esquince","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"esquince","lemma":"esguince","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of desdibujando","gloss":"grimace","note":"Standard headword is \"esguince\" (RAE); \"esquince\" is the source text's spelling of it. esguince here = a wry facial gesture/grimace (RAE sense 2), not the medical \"sprain\" sense."},{"surface":"pálido","lemma":"pálido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies esquince","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of amontonaba","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"amontonaba","lemma":"amontonar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with trocábase","gloss":"piled up"},{"surface":"obscenidades","lemma":"obscenidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of amontonaba","gloss":"obscenities"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nombre","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"nombre","lemma":"nombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies obscenidades","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking placer","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of placer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies placer","gloss":"sole"},{"surface":"placer","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of amontonaba","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ultrajar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ultrajar","lemma":"ultrajar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying placer","gloss":"outraging"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sensibilidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sensibilidad","lemma":"sensibilidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ultrajar","gloss":"sensibility"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sensibilidad","gloss":"other man"}]},{"number":42,"label":"19","id":"el-odio-p19-s1","source":"Era un duelo invisible, odioso, sin un fin inmediato, tan irritante que Erdosain después que Barsut salía, se juraba no recibirlo al otro día.","translation":"It was an invisible duel, hateful, with no immediate end, so irritating that Erdosain, after Barsut left, would swear to himself not to receive him the next day.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p19-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to duelo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of duelo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"duelo","lemma":"duelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun of Era","gloss":"duel"},{"surface":"invisible","lemma":"invisible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies duelo","gloss":"invisible"},{"surface":"odioso","lemma":"odioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies duelo","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fin","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fin","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition sin, modifying duelo","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"inmediato","lemma":"inmediato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fin","gloss":"immediate"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies irritante","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"irritante","lemma":"irritante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies duelo","gloss":"irritating"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause of juraba (tan...que)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of juraba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies juraba (temporal clause después que)","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of salía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of salía","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"salía","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on después","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of juraba","gloss":"to himself"},{"surface":"juraba","lemma":"jurar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the que-clause (result of tan irritante)","gloss":"would swear"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies recibirlo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"recibirlo","lemma":"recibir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of juraba","gloss":"to receive him"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking día","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of recibirlo","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p19-s2","source":"Pocas horas antes de anochecer ya Erdosain estaba pensando en él.","translation":"A few hours before nightfall Erdosain was already thinking about him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p19-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pocas","lemma":"poco","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of horas","gloss":"A few"},{"surface":"horas","lemma":"hora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of antes","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pensando","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of anochecer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"anochecer","lemma":"anochecer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on antes","gloss":"nightfall"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pensando","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of pensando","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pensando","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"pensando","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition en, oblique complement of pensando","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":44,"label":"20","id":"el-odio-p20-s1","source":"Muchas veces el otro llegaba, y antes de sentarse comenzaba a hablar.","translation":"Many times the other man would arrive, and before sitting down he would begin to talk.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p20-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Muchas","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"Many"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of llegaba","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of llegaba","gloss":"other man"},{"surface":"llegaba","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would arrive"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies comenzaba","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sentarse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sentarse","lemma":"sentar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on antes","gloss":"sitting down"},{"surface":"comenzaba","lemma":"comenzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with llegaba (main verb of second clause)","gloss":"would begin"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hablar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hablar","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of comenzaba","gloss":"talk"}]},{"number":45,"label":"21","id":"el-odio-p21-s1","source":"–¿Sabes?... he tenido un sueño raro anoche.","translation":"—You know?... I had a strange dream last night.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p21-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabes","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"independent interrogative clause, parallel to tenido","gloss":"You know","note":"\"¿Sabes?\" here is a conversational opener (\"You know?\"), not an interjection."},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tenido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"tenido","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sueño","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sueño","lemma":"sueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tenido","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"raro","lemma":"raro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sueño","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"anoche","lemma":"anoche","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tenido","gloss":"last night"}]},{"number":46,"label":"22","id":"el-odio-p22-s1","source":"Y clavados los ojos en el rincón sudeste del cuarto, sin sonreír, con una expresión casi dolorosa en el semblante sucio, con barba de tres días, Barsut monologaba lentamente, contaba sus terrores de hombre de veintisiete años, la preocupación que le había dejado en el entendimiento el guiño de un pez tuerto, y relacionando el pez tuerto con la mirada fisgona de una anciana alcahueta que quería que se casara con su hija que se dedicaba al espiritismo, derivaba la conversación hacia cada absurdo que de pronto, Erdosain, olvidándose de su rencor, se preguntaba si el otro no estaría loco.","translation":"And with his eyes fixed on the southeast corner of the room, unsmiling, with an almost pained expression on his dirty face, a three-day beard, Barsut would monologue slowly, recounting his terrors as a man of twenty-seven, the worry that the wink of a one-eyed fish had lodged in his mind, and—linking the one-eyed fish to the prying gaze of an old procuress who wanted him to marry her daughter, a girl given to spiritism—he steered the conversation toward such absurdity that suddenly Erdosain, forgetting his rancor, would ask himself whether the other man might not be mad.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p22-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quería que se casara","title":"«querer que» + imperfect subjunctive","body":"When the subject wanting and the subject acting differ, «querer que» takes a subjunctive: «quería que se casara» = 'she wanted him to marry'. Since the main verb is past, the subordinate verb is imperfect subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"clavados","lemma":"clavado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies monologaba","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of clavados","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rincón","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rincón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rincón","lemma":"rincón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of clavados","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"sudeste","lemma":"sudeste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies rincón","gloss":"southeast"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuarto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cuarto","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rincón","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sonreír","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"sonreír","lemma":"sonreír","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on clavados","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking expresión","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of expresión","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"expresión","lemma":"expresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of clavados","gloss":"expression"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dolorosa","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"dolorosa","lemma":"doloroso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies expresión","gloss":"pained"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking semblante","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of semblante","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"semblante","lemma":"semblante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies expresión","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"sucio","lemma":"sucio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies semblante","gloss":"dirty"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barba","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"barba","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of clavados","gloss":"beard"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking días","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies días","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies barba","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of monologaba","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"monologaba","lemma":"monologar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would monologue"},{"surface":"lentamente","lemma":"lentamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies monologaba","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"contaba","lemma":"contar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with monologaba","gloss":"recounting"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of terrores","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"terrores","lemma":"terror","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of contaba","gloss":"terrors"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies terrores","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking años","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"veintisiete","lemma":"veintisiete","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies años","gloss":"twenty-seven"},{"surface":"años","lemma":"año","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of preocupación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"preocupación","lemma":"preocupación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of contaba, coordinated with terrores","gloss":"worry"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of dejado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dejado","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dejado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"dejado","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying preocupación","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking entendimiento","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of entendimiento","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"entendimiento","lemma":"entendimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dejado","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of guiño","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"guiño","lemma":"guiño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dejado","gloss":"wink"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pez","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pez","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pez","lemma":"pez","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies guiño","gloss":"fish"},{"surface":"tuerto","lemma":"tuerto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pez","gloss":"one-eyed"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"relacionando","lemma":"relacionar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on derivaba","gloss":"linking"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pez","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pez","lemma":"pez","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of relacionando","gloss":"fish"},{"surface":"tuerto","lemma":"tuerto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pez","gloss":"one-eyed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mirada","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of relacionando","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"fisgona","lemma":"fisgón","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"prying"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anciana","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of anciana","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"anciana","lemma":"anciana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"old woman"},{"surface":"alcahueta","lemma":"alcahueta","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies anciana","gloss":"procuress"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of quería","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"quería","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying anciana","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of casara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of casara","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"casara","lemma":"casar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of quería","gloss":"marry"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hija","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of hija","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"hija","lemma":"hija","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of casara","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of dedicaba","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dedicaba","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"dedicaba","lemma":"dedicar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hija","gloss":"devoted"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espiritismo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"espiritismo","lemma":"espiritismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dedicaba","gloss":"spiritism"},{"surface":"derivaba","lemma":"derivar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with monologaba","gloss":"steered"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of conversación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"conversación","lemma":"conversación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of derivaba","gloss":"conversation"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking absurdo","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of absurdo (intensifier)","gloss":"such","note":"Colloquial Rioplatense use of cada as an intensifier (\"cada absurdo que...\" = \"such absurdity that...\"), not its usual \"each/every\" sense."},{"surface":"absurdo","lemma":"absurdo","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition hacia, oblique complement of derivaba","gloss":"absurdity"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause modifying absurdo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de pronto, modifying preguntaba","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the idiom de pronto, modifying preguntaba","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of preguntaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"olvidándose","lemma":"olvidar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on preguntaba","gloss":"forgetting"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rencor","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of rencor","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rencor","lemma":"rencor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of olvidándose","gloss":"rancor"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of preguntaba","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"preguntaba","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the result clause (cada absurdo que)","gloss":"would ask"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of loco","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of loco","gloss":"other man"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies loco","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"estaría","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to loco","gloss":"might be"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of preguntaba","gloss":"mad"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p22-s2","source":"Elsa, indiferente a todo, cosía en la habitación medianera, mientras un profundo malestar inmovilizaba a Erdosain.","translation":"Elsa, indifferent to it all, sewed in the adjoining room, while a deep uneasiness held Erdosain frozen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p22-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Elsa","lemma":"Elsa","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of cosía","gloss":"Elsa"},{"surface":"indiferente","lemma":"indiferente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Elsa","gloss":"indifferent"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking todo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies indiferente","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"cosía","lemma":"coser","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sewed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking habitación","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of habitación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"habitación","lemma":"habitación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cosía","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"medianera","lemma":"medianero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies habitación","gloss":"adjoining"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of inmovilizaba","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of malestar","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"profundo","lemma":"profundo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies malestar","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"malestar","lemma":"malestar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of inmovilizaba","gloss":"uneasiness"},{"surface":"inmovilizaba","lemma":"inmovilizar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on cosía","gloss":"immobilized"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking Erdosain","gloss":"marks the object","note":"Personal \"a\" marks a human direct object; it has no independent translation."},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of inmovilizaba","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":48,"label":"23","id":"el-odio-p23-s1","source":"Percibía éste una vibración de impaciencia, entrechocando sus dedos por los nudillos, y el esfuerzo efectuado para ocultar este temblor, lo fatigaba.","translation":"This one felt a vibration of impatience, his fingers knocking together at the knuckles, and the effort made to hide this trembling wore him out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p23-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"éste","title":"«éste» — 'this one / the latter'","body":"The demonstrative «éste» ('this one') points back to the nearer noun just mentioned — here Erdosain. Spanish often uses «éste / aquél» to mean 'the latter / the former' and keep two characters apart."}],"words":[{"surface":"Percibía","lemma":"percibir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Percibía","gloss":"this one"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vibración","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vibración","lemma":"vibración","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Percibía","gloss":"vibration"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking impaciencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"impaciencia","lemma":"impaciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vibración","gloss":"impatience"},{"surface":"entrechocando","lemma":"entrechocar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on Percibía","gloss":"knocking together"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of entrechocando","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nudillos","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of nudillos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nudillos","lemma":"nudillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of entrechocando","gloss":"knuckles"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of esfuerzo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esfuerzo","lemma":"esfuerzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fatigaba","gloss":"effort"},{"surface":"efectuado","lemma":"efectuado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies esfuerzo","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ocultar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ocultar","lemma":"ocultar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on efectuado","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of temblor","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"temblor","lemma":"temblor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ocultar","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fatigaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"fatigaba","lemma":"fatigar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Percibía (main verb of second clause)","gloss":"wore out"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p23-s2","source":"Si pronunciaba alguna palabra lo hacía con extraordinaria dificultad, como si tuviera rígidos los labios por un baño de cola.","translation":"If he uttered any word he did so with extraordinary difficulty, as if his lips were stiffened by a coat of glue.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p23-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si tuviera","title":"«como si» + imperfect subjunctive (again)","body":"Another «como si» ('as if') with the imperfect subjunctive «tuviera»: 'as if he had his lips stiff'. The construction is contrary to fact, so the indicative is never used after «como si»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pronunciaba","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"pronunciaba","lemma":"pronunciar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hacía","gloss":"uttered"},{"surface":"alguna","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of palabra","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"palabra","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of pronunciaba","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hacía","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dificultad","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"extraordinaria","lemma":"extraordinario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies dificultad","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"dificultad","lemma":"dificultad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hacía","gloss":"difficulty"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tuviera","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tuviera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"tuviera","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hacía","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"rígidos","lemma":"rígido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement describing labios, object of tuviera","gloss":"stiff"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of labios","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"labios","lemma":"labio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tuviera","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking baño","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of baño","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"baño","lemma":"baño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tuviera","gloss":"coat"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cola","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cola","lemma":"cola","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies baño","gloss":"glue"}]},{"number":50,"label":"24","id":"el-odio-p24-s1","source":"Apoyando un codo en la mesa y corrigiendo la rodillera de su pantalón, Barsut se quejaba a veces de que nadie le quería, mirando largamente a Erdosain al decir esto.","translation":"Resting an elbow on the table and straightening the knee of his trousers, Barsut would sometimes complain that no one loved him, looking long at Erdosain as he said this.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p24-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se quejaba de que","title":"Pronominal «quejarse de»","body":"«quejarse» ('to complain') is pronominal and pairs with «de»: «quejarse de que…» = 'to complain that…'. The imperfect «se quejaba» marks a recurring habit — something Barsut did repeatedly."}],"words":[{"surface":"Apoyando","lemma":"apoyar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on quejaba","gloss":"Resting"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of codo","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"codo","lemma":"codo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Apoyando","gloss":"elbow"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mesa","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mesa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mesa","lemma":"mesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Apoyando","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"corrigiendo","lemma":"corregir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with Apoyando","gloss":"straightening"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of rodillera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rodillera","lemma":"rodillera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of corrigiendo","gloss":"knee"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pantalón","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pantalón","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pantalón","lemma":"pantalón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rodillera","gloss":"trousers"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of quejaba","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of quejaba","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"quejaba","lemma":"quejar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would complain"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies quejaba","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"veces","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of quería","gloss":"that","note":"\"De\" here is the preposition required by \"quejarse de\" (complain about/of); it does not independently mean \"that\" — that sense comes from \"que\" (the next word). \"Quejarse de que...\" = \"to complain that...\""},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quería","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of quería","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative (leísta), singular","role":"direct object of quería","gloss":"him","note":"Leísmo: \"le\" stands in for \"lo\" as the masculine direct object here (\"no one loved him\"), not a true indirect object."},{"surface":"quería","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of quejaba","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"mirando","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on quejaba","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"largamente","lemma":"largamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mirando","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of mirando","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking decir","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on mirando","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of decir","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p24-s2","source":"Otras veces se burlaba de sus presentimientos y de un fantasma que decía ver en un rincón del excusado de la pensión donde vivía, fantasma que era una mujer gigantesca con una escoba entre las manos y los brazos delgados y la mirada arpía.","translation":"At other times he would mock his own forebodings and a ghost he said he saw in a corner of the privy of the boarding house where he lived, a ghost that was a gigantic woman with a broom in her hands and thin arms and a harpy's stare.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p24-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se burlaba de","title":"Pronominal «burlarse de»","body":"«burlarse de» ('to make fun of, to mock') is always pronominal and governed by «de»: «se burlaba de sus presentimientos» = 'he mocked his forebodings'. The preposition is part of the verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Otras","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"Other"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of burlaba","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of burlaba","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"burlaba","lemma":"burlar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would mock"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking presentimientos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of presentimientos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"presentimientos","lemma":"presentimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of burlaba","gloss":"forebodings"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fantasma","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fantasma","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fantasma","lemma":"fantasma","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"coordinated with presentimientos","gloss":"ghost"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of ver","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying fantasma","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of decía","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rincón","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rincón","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rincón","lemma":"rincón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ver","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking excusado","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"excusado","lemma":"excusado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rincón","gloss":"privy"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensión","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pensión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pensión","lemma":"pensión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies excusado","gloss":"boarding house"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of vivía","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"vivía","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying pensión","gloss":"he lived"},{"surface":"fantasma","lemma":"fantasma","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"in apposition to fantasma (the earlier mention)","gloss":"ghost"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to mujer","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate nominal of era","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"gigantesca","lemma":"gigantesco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mujer","gloss":"gigantic"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escoba","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of escoba","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"escoba","lemma":"escoba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mujer","gloss":"broom"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies escoba","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with escoba","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"delgados","lemma":"delgado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies brazos","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with escoba","gloss":"stare"},{"surface":"arpía","lemma":"arpía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular, used attributively","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"harpy's"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p24-s3","source":"En algunas oportunidades admitía que si no estaba enfermo terminaría por estarlo.","translation":"On some occasions he admitted that if he was not ill he would end up being so.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p24-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"terminaría por estarlo","title":"«terminar por» + infinitive","body":"«terminar por» plus an infinitive means 'to end up (doing something)': «terminaría por estarlo» = 'he would end up being so'. The «lo» is a neuter pronoun standing in for the adjective «enfermo»."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oportunidades","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"algunas","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of oportunidades","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"oportunidades","lemma":"oportunidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of admitía","gloss":"occasions"},{"surface":"admitía","lemma":"admitir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"admitted"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of terminaría","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estaba","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to enfermo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"enfermo","lemma":"enfermo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estaba","gloss":"ill"},{"surface":"terminaría","lemma":"terminar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of admitía","gloss":"would end"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of estarlo","gloss":"up","note":"\"Terminar por\" + infinitive is an idiom meaning \"to end up doing (something).\""},{"surface":"estarlo","lemma":"estar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of terminaría","gloss":"being so","note":"The clitic \"lo\" refers back to \"enfermo\" — \"estarlo\" literally \"to be it,\" i.e. \"being so.\""}]},{"number":53,"label":"25","id":"el-odio-p25-s1","source":"Erdosain, fingiéndose cuidadoso de su salud, le preguntaba por los síntomas, aconsejándole reposo y cama, y como insistiera sobre esto.","translation":"Erdosain, feigning concern for his health, would ask him about the symptoms, advising him rest and bed, and since he kept insisting on this.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p25-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como insistiera","title":"Causal «como» + subjunctive","body":"When «como» means 'since, as' (giving a reason) and the situation is set in the past, it can take the imperfect subjunctive: «como insistiera» = 'since he kept insisting'. This is a literary, slightly archaic touch."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of preguntaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"fingiéndose","lemma":"fingir él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on preguntaba","gloss":"feigning"},{"surface":"cuidadoso","lemma":"cuidadoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective, complement of fingiéndose","gloss":"concerned"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking salud","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of salud","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"salud","lemma":"salud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cuidadoso","gloss":"health"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of preguntaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"preguntaba","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would ask"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking síntomas","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of síntomas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"síntomas","lemma":"síntoma","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of preguntaba","gloss":"symptoms"},{"surface":"aconsejándole","lemma":"aconsejar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on preguntaba","gloss":"advising"},{"surface":"reposo","lemma":"reposo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of aconsejándole","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cama","lemma":"cama","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with reposo","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of insistiera","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"insistiera","lemma":"insistir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on preguntaba","gloss":"kept insisting"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esto","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of insistiera","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p25-s2","source":"Barsut, malévolamente, le replicó una vez:","translation":"Barsut, malevolently, once retorted to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p25-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of replicó","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"malévolamente","lemma":"malévolamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies replicó","gloss":"malevolently"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of replicó","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"replicó","lemma":"replicar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"retorted"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of replicó","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":55,"label":"26","id":"el-odio-p26-s1","source":"–¿Te molesta tanto mi presencia?","translation":"—Does my presence bother you that much?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p26-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Te molesta mi presencia","title":"«molestar» like «gustar»","body":"«molestar» ('to bother') works like «gustar»: the thing that bothers is the grammatical subject, and the person bothered is an indirect object. «¿Te molesta mi presencia?» = literally 'does my presence bother to-you?' = 'does my presence bother you?'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of molesta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"molesta","lemma":"molestar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bother"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies molesta","gloss":"that much"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of presencia","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"presencia","lemma":"presencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of molesta","gloss":"presence"}]},{"number":56,"label":"27","id":"el-odio-p27-s1","source":"Otras veces Barsut llegaba siniestramente alegre, con una jovialidad de ebrio taciturno que le ha pegado fuego a un depósito de petróleo, y espatarrándose en el comedor, palmeteándolo a Erdosain en la espalda, con insistencia molesta, le preguntaba:","translation":"Other times Barsut would arrive sinisterly cheerful, with the joviality of a sullen drunk who has set fire to an oil depot, and sprawling in the dining room, clapping Erdosain on the back with bothersome insistence, he would ask him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p27-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pegar fuego","title":"«pegar fuego a» — to set fire to","body":"«pegar fuego a» is an idiom meaning 'to set fire to, to set alight'. «que le ha pegado fuego a un depósito de petróleo» = 'who has set fire to an oil depot' — the «le» doubles the object «a un depósito», common in River Plate Spanish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Otras","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"Other"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of llegaba","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of llegaba","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"llegaba","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would arrive"},{"surface":"siniestramente","lemma":"siniestramente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies alegre","gloss":"sinisterly"},{"surface":"alegre","lemma":"alegre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective describing Barsut","gloss":"cheerful"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jovialidad","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of jovialidad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"jovialidad","lemma":"jovialidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llegaba","gloss":"joviality"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ebrio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ebrio","lemma":"ebrio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies jovialidad","gloss":"drunk"},{"surface":"taciturno","lemma":"taciturno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ebrio","gloss":"sullen"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of pegado","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pegado, doubling a depósito","gloss":"to it"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pegado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"pegado","lemma":"pegar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying ebrio","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"fuego","lemma":"fuego","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pegado","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking depósito","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of depósito","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"depósito","lemma":"depósito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pegado","gloss":"depot"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking petróleo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"petróleo","lemma":"petróleo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies depósito","gloss":"oil"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"espatarrándose","lemma":"espatarrar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on preguntaba","gloss":"sprawling"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comedor","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of comedor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"comedor","lemma":"comedor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of espatarrándose","gloss":"dining room"},{"surface":"palmeteándolo","lemma":"palmetear él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with espatarrándose","gloss":"clapping"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of palmeteándolo, doubling the clitic lo","gloss":"Erdosain","note":"Clitic doubling: \"palmeteándolo\" already contains \"him\" (-lo, referring to Erdosain); \"a Erdosain\" repeats the object for clarity, common in Argentine speech."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espalda","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of espalda","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espalda","lemma":"espalda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of palmeteándolo","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking insistencia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"insistencia","lemma":"insistencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of palmeteándolo","gloss":"insistence"},{"surface":"molesta","lemma":"molesto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies insistencia","gloss":"bothersome"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of preguntaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"preguntaba","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with llegaba","gloss":"would ask"}]},{"number":57,"label":"28","id":"el-odio-p28-s1","source":"–¿Cómo te va? ¿Qué tal? ¿Cómo te va?","translation":"—How's it going? How are you? How's it going?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p28-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of va","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of va","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is going"},{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"modifies tal","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of va","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of va","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is going"}]},{"number":58,"label":"29","id":"el-odio-p29-s1","source":"A Barsut le centelleaban los ojos, y Erdosain permanecía allí triste, encogido, preguntándose qué era lo que lo apocaba en presencia de ese hombre, que siempre permanecía sentado en la orilla de la silla y espiando obstinadamente el rincón del comedor.","translation":"Barsut's eyes would sparkle, and Erdosain remained there sad, shrunken, asking himself what it was that cowed him in the presence of that man, who always stayed seated on the edge of his chair, obstinately spying on the corner of the dining room.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p29-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"A Barsut le centelleaban los ojos","title":"Body parts as subject with «le»","body":"Spanish makes the body part the subject and marks the owner with an indirect object: «a Barsut le centelleaban los ojos» = literally 'to Barsut the eyes sparkled' = 'Barsut's eyes sparkled'. The «a Barsut … le» pair names whose eyes they are."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"To"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of centelleaban (dative of possession, doubled by le)","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of centelleaban (dative of possession, doubling A Barsut)","gloss":"his","note":"Dative of possession: \"A Barsut le centelleaban los ojos\" literally \"to Barsut sparkled the eyes\" means \"Barsut's eyes sparkled\"; \"le\" doubles the fronted \"A Barsut.\""},{"surface":"centelleaban","lemma":"centellear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would sparkle"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of centelleaban","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of permanecía","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"permanecía","lemma":"permanecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with centelleaban","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies permanecía","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective describing Erdosain","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"encogido","lemma":"encogido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with triste","gloss":"shrunken"},{"surface":"preguntándose","lemma":"preguntar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on permanecía","gloss":"asking himself"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to qué","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of era (\"lo que\" = \"that which\")","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of apocaba (with lo, forms \"lo que\")","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of apocaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"apocaba","lemma":"apocar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the clause \"lo que ... apocaba\" (subject of era)","gloss":"cowed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking presencia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"presencia","lemma":"presencia","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of apocaba","gloss":"presence"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies presencia","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of permanecía","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies permanecía","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"permanecía","lemma":"permanecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"sentado","lemma":"sentado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective describing que (hombre)","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orilla","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of orilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orilla","lemma":"orilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentado","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silla","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of silla","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"silla","lemma":"silla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies orilla","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"espiando","lemma":"espiar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with permanecía","gloss":"spying"},{"surface":"obstinadamente","lemma":"obstinadamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies espiando","gloss":"obstinately"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rincón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rincón","lemma":"rincón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of espiando","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comedor","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"comedor","lemma":"comedor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rincón","gloss":"dining room"}]},{"number":59,"label":"30","id":"el-odio-p30-s1","source":"Y evitaban el mirarse a los ojos.","translation":"And they avoided looking each other in the eyes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p30-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"mirarse a los ojos","title":"Reciprocal «se»","body":"Here «se» in «mirarse» is reciprocal — 'to look at each other' (not 'at oneself'). The phrasing «el mirarse» nominalizes the infinitive with the article «el», 'the looking at each other'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies evitaban","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"evitaban","lemma":"evitar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"avoided"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mirarse","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mirarse","lemma":"mirar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of evitaban","gloss":"looking at each other"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of mirarse","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":60,"label":"31","id":"el-odio-p31-s1","source":"Había entre ellos una situación indefinida, oscura.","translation":"There was between them an undefined, murky situation.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p31-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"There was"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ellos","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Había","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of situación","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"situación","lemma":"situación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Había","gloss":"situation"},{"surface":"indefinida","lemma":"indefinido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies situación","gloss":"undefined"},{"surface":"oscura","lemma":"oscuro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies situación","gloss":"murky"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p31-s2","source":"Una de esas situaciones que dos hombres que se desprecian toleran por razones independientes de sus voluntades.","translation":"One of those situations that two men who despise each other tolerate for reasons beyond their own wills.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p31-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"One"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking situaciones","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of situaciones","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"situaciones","lemma":"situación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies Una","gloss":"situations"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of toleran","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies hombres","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of toleran","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of desprecian","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reciprocal","role":"reciprocal particle of desprecian","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"desprecian","lemma":"despreciar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying hombres","gloss":"despise"},{"surface":"toleran","lemma":"tolerar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying situaciones","gloss":"tolerate"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking razones","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"razones","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of toleran","gloss":"reasons"},{"surface":"independientes","lemma":"independiente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies razones","gloss":"independent"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voluntades","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voluntades","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"voluntades","lemma":"voluntad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies razones","gloss":"wills"}]},{"number":62,"label":"32","id":"el-odio-p32-s1","source":"Erdosain odiaba a Barsut, pero con un rencor gris, tramposo, compuesto de malos ensueños y peores posibilidades.","translation":"Erdosain hated Barsut, but with a gray, treacherous rancor, made of bad daydreams and worse possibilities.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p32-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"odiaba a Barsut","title":"The personal «a»","body":"When the direct object is a specific person, Spanish inserts «a» before it: «odiaba a Barsut» = 'hated Barsut'. This 'personal a' has no English equivalent and is not translated."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of odiaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"odiaba","lemma":"odiar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hated"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of odiaba","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rencor","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rencor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rencor","lemma":"rencor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of odiaba","gloss":"rancor"},{"surface":"gris","lemma":"gris","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies rencor","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"tramposo","lemma":"tramposo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with gris","gloss":"treacherous"},{"surface":"compuesto","lemma":"compuesto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rencor","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ensueños","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"malos","lemma":"malo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ensueños","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"ensueños","lemma":"ensueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of compuesto","gloss":"daydreams"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"peores","lemma":"peor","morphology":"adjective, plural, comparative","role":"modifies posibilidades","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"posibilidades","lemma":"posibilidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with ensueños","gloss":"possibilities"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p32-s2","source":"Y lo que hacía más intenso este odio era la falta de motivos.","translation":"And what made this hatred more intense was the lack of motives.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p32-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of era (\"lo que\" = \"that which\")","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hacía","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying lo","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies intenso","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"intenso","lemma":"intenso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of odio (object complement of hacía)","gloss":"intense"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of odio","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"odio","lemma":"odio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hacía","gloss":"hatred"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to falta","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of falta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"falta","lemma":"falta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate nominal of era","gloss":"lack"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking motivos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"motivos","lemma":"motivo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies falta","gloss":"motives"}]},{"number":64,"label":"33","id":"el-odio-p33-s1","source":"A veces dábase a trenzar las imágenes de alguna venganza atroz, y con el ceño fruncido compaginaba desastres.","translation":"Sometimes he gave himself over to weaving the images of some atrocious vengeance, and, brow furrowed, he pieced disasters together.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p33-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dábase a trenzar","title":"«darse a» + infinitive","body":"«darse a» plus an infinitive means 'to give oneself over to (doing something)': «dábase a trenzar» = 'he gave himself over to weaving'. The enclitic «se» on «dábase» is the literary equivalent of «se daba»."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies dábase","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"veces","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase A","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"dábase","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave himself","note":"Archaic literary style: the reflexive \"se\" is attached to the end of the conjugated verb (\"dábase\" = \"se daba\")."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of trenzar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"trenzar","lemma":"trenzar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dábase","gloss":"weaving"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of imágenes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"imágenes","lemma":"imagen","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of trenzar","gloss":"images"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking venganza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alguna","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of venganza","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"venganza","lemma":"venganza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies imágenes","gloss":"vengeance"},{"surface":"atroz","lemma":"atroz","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies venganza","gloss":"atrocious"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ceño","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ceño","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ceño","lemma":"ceño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of compaginaba","gloss":"brow"},{"surface":"fruncido","lemma":"fruncido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ceño","gloss":"furrowed"},{"surface":"compaginaba","lemma":"compaginar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with dábase","gloss":"pieced together"},{"surface":"desastres","lemma":"desastre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of compaginaba","gloss":"disasters"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p33-s2","source":"Pero al otro día, al llamar Barsut a la puerta de calle.","translation":"But the next day, when Barsut knocked at the street door.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p33-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"al llamar Barsut","title":"«al» + infinitive with its own subject","body":"«al» + infinitive can carry its own subject placed right after the verb: «al llamar Barsut a la puerta» = 'when Barsut knocked at the door'. The subject «Barsut» follows the infinitive «llamar»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies llamar","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking día","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the temporal phrase al otro día","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking llamar","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"llamar","lemma":"llamar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knocked"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of llamar","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puerta","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llamar","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking calle","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"calle","lemma":"calle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies puerta","gloss":"street"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p33-s3","source":"Erdosain se estremecía como una adúltera a la llegada de su esposo, y hasta una vez llegó a encolerizarse con Elsa, porque demoró en abrirle la puerta a Barsut, agregando a modo de comentario destinado a ocultar su cobardía ante ella:","translation":"Erdosain would shudder like an adulteress at her husband's arrival, and once he even got so far as to grow angry with Elsa, because she was slow to open the door for Barsut, adding by way of a comment meant to hide his cowardice from her:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p33-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"llegó a encolerizarse","title":"«llegar a» + infinitive","body":"«llegar a» plus an infinitive means 'to get to the point of, to even (do something)': «llegó a encolerizarse» = 'he even got angry, he went so far as to grow angry'. It stresses that an extreme was reached."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of estremecía","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of estremecía","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"estremecía","lemma":"estremecerse","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would shudder"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison of adúltera","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of adúltera","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"adúltera","lemma":"adúltera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of como","gloss":"adulteress"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking llegada","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of llegada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"llegada","lemma":"llegada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estremecía","gloss":"arrival"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esposo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esposo","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"esposo","lemma":"esposo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies llegada","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegó","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llegó","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"llegó","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estremecía","gloss":"got as far as"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of encolerizarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"encolerizarse","lemma":"encolerizarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, pronominal","role":"complement of llegó","gloss":"to grow angry"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Elsa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Elsa","lemma":"Elsa","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of encolerizarse","gloss":"Elsa"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of demoró","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"demoró","lemma":"demorar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on llegó","gloss":"was slow"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of abrirle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"abrirle","lemma":"abrir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive + dative clitic","role":"complement of demoró","gloss":"to open it for him","note":"the dative clitic -le doubles 'a Barsut' later in the clause"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of abrirle","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of abrirle","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"agregando","lemma":"agregar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on llegó, describing Erdosain","gloss":"adding"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a modo de","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase a modo de","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a modo de","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"comentario","lemma":"comentario","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of agregando","gloss":"comment"},{"surface":"destinado","lemma":"destinado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies comentario","gloss":"meant"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ocultar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ocultar","lemma":"ocultar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of destinado","gloss":"to hide"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cobardía","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cobardía","lemma":"cobardía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ocultar","gloss":"cowardice"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ella","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ocultar","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":67,"label":"34","id":"el-odio-p34-s1","source":"–Va a creer que no queremos recibirlo.","translation":"—He's going to think we don't want to receive him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p34-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Va a creer","title":"«ir a» + infinitive — the near future","body":"«ir a» plus an infinitive is the everyday way to express the future: «va a creer» = 'he is going to think, he'll think'. It parallels English 'going to'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of creer","gloss":"is going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of creer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"creer","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of queremos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies queremos","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"queremos","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of creer","gloss":"we want"},{"surface":"recibirlo","lemma":"recibir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive + accusative clitic","role":"complement of queremos","gloss":"to receive him"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p34-s2","source":"Para eso es mejor decirle que no venga más.","translation":"For that it's better to tell him not to come anymore.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p34-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"decirle que no venga","title":"«decir que» + subjunctive (a command)","body":"When «decir que» reports an order rather than a fact, the verb that follows is subjunctive: «decirle que no venga» = 'to tell him not to come'. Compare the indicative «decirle que no viene» = 'to tell him that he isn't coming'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of es mejor","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to mejor","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"mejor","lemma":"mejor","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"decirle","lemma":"decir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive + dative clitic","role":"depends on mejor","gloss":"to tell him"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of venga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies venga","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"venga","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of decirle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies venga","gloss":"anymore"}]},{"number":69,"label":"35","id":"el-odio-p35-s1","source":"Faltaba el motivo concreto, y ese rencor subterráneo se extendía en él como un cáncer.","translation":"The concrete motive was missing, and that underground rancor spread within him like a cancer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p35-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Faltaba","lemma":"faltar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was missing"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of motivo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"motivo","lemma":"motivo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Faltaba","gloss":"motive"},{"surface":"concreto","lemma":"concreto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies motivo","gloss":"concrete"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rencor","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"rencor","lemma":"rencor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of extendía","gloss":"rancor"},{"surface":"subterráneo","lemma":"subterráneo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rencor","gloss":"underground"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of extendía","gloss":"(reflexive)","note":"the reflexive «se» of «extenderse» — «se extendía», 'was spreading'"},{"surface":"extendía","lemma":"extenderse","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Faltaba","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of extendía","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison of cáncer","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cáncer","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cáncer","lemma":"cáncer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of extendía","gloss":"cancer"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p35-s2","source":"Erdosain encontraba en cada gesto de Barsut razones para encorajinarse y desearle muertes atroces.","translation":"Erdosain found in every gesture of Barsut's reasons to work himself into a fury and to wish atrocious deaths upon him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p35-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"encorajinarse","title":"«encorajinarse» — to fly into a rage","body":"«encorajinarse» is a pronominal verb meaning 'to get worked up, to fly into a rage / a sulk'. It is colloquial and emphatic, stronger than simply «enojarse» ('to get angry')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of encontraba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"encontraba","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gesto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of gesto","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"gesto","lemma":"gesto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encontraba","gloss":"gesture"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies gesto","gloss":"Barsut's"},{"surface":"razones","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of encontraba","gloss":"reasons"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of encorajinarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"encorajinarse","lemma":"encorajinarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, pronominal","role":"modifies razones","gloss":"to become furious"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"desearle","lemma":"desear él","morphology":"verb, infinitive + dative clitic","role":"coordinated with encorajinarse","gloss":"to wish upon him"},{"surface":"muertes","lemma":"muerte","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of desearle","gloss":"deaths"},{"surface":"atroces","lemma":"atroz","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies muertes","gloss":"atrocious"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p35-s3","source":"Y Barsut, como si presintiera los sentimientos del otro, parecía ejecutar ex profeso las groserías más repugnantes.","translation":"And Barsut, as if he sensed the other man's feelings, seemed to perform the most repugnant vulgarities on purpose.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p35-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ex profeso","title":"«ex profeso» — on purpose","body":"«ex profeso» (also written «ex professo») is a Latin phrase meaning 'deliberately, on purpose'. «ejecutar ex profeso» = 'to do deliberately'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies parecía","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of parecía","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of presintiera (como si = 'as if')","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of presintiera (como si = 'as if')","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"presintiera","lemma":"presentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the como si clause, modifying parecía","gloss":"sensed"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sentimientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sentimientos","lemma":"sentimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of presintiera","gloss":"feelings"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sentimientos","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"ejecutar","lemma":"ejecutar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of parecía","gloss":"to perform"},{"surface":"ex","lemma":"ex","morphology":"adverb (fixed Latin phrase)","role":"part of the phrase ex profeso, modifies ejecutar","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"profeso","lemma":"profeso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular (fixed phrase)","role":"part of the phrase ex profeso, modifies ejecutar","gloss":"purpose","note":"ex profeso is a fixed Latin-derived phrase meaning 'on purpose, deliberately'"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of groserías","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"groserías","lemma":"grosería","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of ejecutar","gloss":"vulgarities"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies repugnantes","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"repugnantes","lemma":"repugnante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies groserías","gloss":"repugnant"}]},{"number":72,"label":"36","id":"el-odio-p36-s1","source":"Así, Erdosain no olvidó jamás este hecho:","translation":"Thus, Erdosain never forgot this incident:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p36-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no olvidó jamás","title":"Double negative with «jamás»","body":"Spanish allows—indeed requires—a double negative when the negative word follows the verb: «no olvidó jamás» = 'he never forgot'. «jamás» is an emphatic 'never', stronger than «nunca»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies olvidó","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of olvidó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies olvidó","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"olvidó","lemma":"olvidar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"jamás","lemma":"jamás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies olvidó","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hecho","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of olvidó","gloss":"incident"}]},{"number":73,"label":"37","id":"el-odio-p37-s1","source":"Fue un anochecer en que habían ido a tomar un vermouth.","translation":"It was one evening when they had gone to have a vermouth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p37-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Fue un anochecer","title":"Preterite for the framing event","body":"«Fue» (preterite of «ser») presents the occasion as a single, completed point in the past: 'It was one evening…'. The pluperfect «habían ido» then sets what had already happened before that point."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to anochecer","gloss":"it was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of anochecer","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"anochecer","lemma":"anochecer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"relativizer referring to anochecer","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"habían","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of ido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ido","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (habían ido = 'had gone')","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tomar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tomar","lemma":"tomar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of ido (ir a + infinitive)","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vermouth","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vermouth","lemma":"vermouth","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tomar","gloss":"vermouth"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p37-s2","source":"Acompañando la bebida, el mozo trajo un platito de papas en ensalada, con mostaza.","translation":"To go with the drink, the waiter brought a little dish of potato salad, with mustard.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p37-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mozo","title":"«mozo» — waiter","body":"In Argentina (and much of Latin America) «mozo» is the standard word for a waiter in a café or bar. «papas» is the American Spanish for potatoes, where Spain says «patatas»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Acompañando","lemma":"acompañar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on trajo","gloss":"accompanying"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bebida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bebida","lemma":"bebida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Acompañando","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mozo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mozo","lemma":"mozo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of trajo","gloss":"waiter"},{"surface":"trajo","lemma":"traer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of platito","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"platito","lemma":"platito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of trajo","gloss":"little dish"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking papas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"papas","lemma":"papa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies platito","gloss":"potatoes"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ensalada","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ensalada","lemma":"ensalada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of en, modifying papas","gloss":"salad"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mostaza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mostaza","lemma":"mostaza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trajo","gloss":"mustard"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p37-s3","source":"Barsut clavó con tal avidez el escarbadiente en un trozo de papa que volcó la ensalada sobre el mármol ennegrecido por el roce de las manos y la ceniza de los cigarrillos.","translation":"Barsut jabbed the toothpick into a piece of potato with such avidity that he overturned the salad onto the marble, blackened by the rubbing of hands and the ash of cigarettes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p37-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"con tal avidez … que","title":"«tal … que» — 'such … that'","body":"«tal» plus a noun, answered by «que», expresses cause and consequence: «con tal avidez … que volcó la ensalada» = 'with such avidity that he overturned the salad'. «tal» agrees as an adjective; for adjectives/adverbs Spanish uses «tan … que»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of clavó","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"clavó","lemma":"clavar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"jabbed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking avidez","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of avidez","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"avidez","lemma":"avidez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of clavó","gloss":"avidity"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of escarbadiente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"escarbadiente","lemma":"escarbadiente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of clavó","gloss":"toothpick"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trozo","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of trozo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"trozo","lemma":"trozo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of clavó","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking papa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"papa","lemma":"papa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies trozo","gloss":"potato"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of volcó (correlative with tal)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"volcó","lemma":"volcar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the tal...que consecutive clause, subject Barsut","gloss":"overturned"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ensalada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ensalada","lemma":"ensalada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of volcó","gloss":"salad"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mármol","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mármol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mármol","lemma":"mármol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volcó","gloss":"marble"},{"surface":"ennegrecido","lemma":"ennegrecido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mármol","gloss":"blackened"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking roce","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of roce","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"roce","lemma":"roce","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ennegrecido (agent)","gloss":"rubbing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies roce","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ceniza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ceniza","lemma":"ceniza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with roce","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cigarrillos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cigarrillos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cigarrillos","lemma":"cigarrillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ceniza","gloss":"cigarettes"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p37-s4","source":"Erdosain lo observó, irritado.","translation":"Erdosain watched him, irritated.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p37-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of observó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of observó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"observó","lemma":"observar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"irritado","lemma":"irritado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Erdosain (predicative)","gloss":"irritated"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p37-s5","source":"Entonces, Barsut, burlándose, recogió pedazo por pedazo y al llegar al último restregó con éste la mostaza derramada en el mármol, llevándoselo después a la boca con una sonrisa irónica.","translation":"Then Barsut, mocking, picked them up piece by piece, and on reaching the last one he wiped up with it the mustard spilled on the marble, carrying it afterward to his mouth with an ironic smile.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p37-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"llevándoselo","title":"Two pronouns on a gerund","body":"«llevándoselo» stacks «se» + «lo» onto the gerund «llevando»: «se» is the personal touch ('on himself, to himself') and «lo» is the piece of potato. «llevárselo a la boca» = 'to carry it to one's mouth'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies recogió","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of recogió","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"burlándose","lemma":"burlarse","morphology":"verb, gerund, pronominal","role":"modifies Barsut","gloss":"mocking"},{"surface":"recogió","lemma":"recoger","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"picked up"},{"surface":"pedazo","lemma":"pedazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of recogió","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pedazo","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"pedazo","lemma":"pedazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pedazo","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking llegar","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"llegar","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on restregó (al + infinitive = 'upon reaching')","gloss":"reaching"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking último","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"último","lemma":"último","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llegar","gloss":"last one"},{"surface":"restregó","lemma":"restregar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second coordinated clause (coordinated with recogió)","gloss":"wiped"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking éste","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of restregó","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mostaza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mostaza","lemma":"mostaza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of restregó","gloss":"mustard"},{"surface":"derramada","lemma":"derramado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mostaza","gloss":"spilled"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mármol","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mármol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mármol","lemma":"mármol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of derramada","gloss":"marble"},{"surface":"llevándoselo","lemma":"llevar él lo","morphology":"verb, gerund + reflexive/dative clitic + accusative clitic","role":"adverbial clause on restregó","gloss":"carrying it off"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llevándoselo","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boca","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of boca","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"boca","lemma":"boca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llevándoselo","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sonrisa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sonrisa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sonrisa","lemma":"sonrisa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llevándoselo","gloss":"smile"},{"surface":"irónica","lemma":"irónico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sonrisa","gloss":"ironic"}]},{"number":78,"label":"38","id":"el-odio-p38-s1","source":"–Podrías lamer el mármol –observó Erdosain asqueado.","translation":"—You could lick the marble—remarked Erdosain, disgusted.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p38-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Podrías","title":"Conditional «podrías»","body":"«podrías» is the conditional of «poder» ('to be able'), 'you could'. Here it is sarcastic — not a real suggestion but a barbed 'you could just lick the marble'. The conditional softens the verb into a hypothetical."}],"words":[{"surface":"Podrías","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of lamer","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"lamer","lemma":"lamer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence (complement of Podrías)","gloss":"lick"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mármol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mármol","lemma":"mármol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of lamer","gloss":"marble"},{"surface":"observó","lemma":"observar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the reporting clause (Erdosain observó = 'Erdosain remarked')","gloss":"remarked"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of observó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"asqueado","lemma":"asqueado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Erdosain","gloss":"disgusted"}]},{"number":79,"label":"39","id":"el-odio-p39-s1","source":"Barsut le dirigió una mirada extraña, casi provocativa.","translation":"Barsut gave him a strange, almost provocative look.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p39-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dirigió","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dirigió","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"dirigió","lemma":"dirigir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dirigió","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"extraña","lemma":"extraño","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies provocativa","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"provocativa","lemma":"provocativo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada (coordinated with extraña)","gloss":"provocative"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p39-s2","source":"Luego inclinó la cabeza y su lengua enjugó el mármol.","translation":"Then he bent his head and his tongue wiped the marble.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p39-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inclinó","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"inclinó","lemma":"inclinar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of inclinó","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of lengua","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"lengua","lemma":"lengua","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of enjugó","gloss":"tongue"},{"surface":"enjugó","lemma":"enjugar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with inclinó","gloss":"wiped"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mármol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mármol","lemma":"mármol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of enjugó","gloss":"marble"}]},{"number":81,"label":"40","id":"el-odio-p40-s1","source":"–¿Estás contento?","translation":"—Are you happy now?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p40-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿Estás contento?","title":"«estar» for a passing state","body":"Spanish uses «estar» (not «ser») for moods and conditions that can change: «estás contento» = 'you are happy (right now)'. With «ser», «eres contento» would wrongly suggest a permanent trait."}],"words":[{"surface":"Estás","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to contento","gloss":"are you"},{"surface":"contento","lemma":"contento","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"happy"}]},{"number":82,"label":"41","id":"el-odio-p41-s1","source":"Erdosain palideció.","translation":"Erdosain turned pale.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p41-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"palideció","title":"«palidecer» — to turn pale","body":"«palidecer» is an inchoative verb built on «pálido» ('pale') with the «-ecer» ending that means 'to become': 'to grow/turn pale'. The preterite «palideció» marks the single, sudden change of color."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of palideció","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"palideció","lemma":"palidecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned pale"}]},{"number":83,"label":"42","id":"el-odio-p42-s1","source":"–¿Te has vuelto loco?","translation":"—Have you gone mad?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p42-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Te has vuelto loco","title":"«volverse» + adjective — to become","body":"«volverse» plus an adjective expresses a sudden, often involuntary change: «volverse loco» = 'to go/turn mad'. In the present perfect «te has vuelto loco» = 'have you gone mad?'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive, singular","role":"reflexive particle of vuelto","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"has","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of vuelto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"vuelto","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of vuelto","gloss":"mad"}]},{"number":84,"label":"43","id":"el-odio-p43-s1","source":"–¿Qué? ¿Te vas a hacer mala sangre?","translation":"—What? Are you going to get yourself worked up?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p43-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hacerse mala sangre","title":"«hacerse mala sangre» — to get worked up","body":"«hacerse mala sangre» is an idiom — literally 'to make oneself bad blood' — meaning to fret, to get upset or worked up, to let something eat at you. Very common in River Plate speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive, singular","role":"reflexive particle of hacer","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"vas","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hacer","gloss":"are you going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"mala","lemma":"malo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sangre","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"sangre","lemma":"sangre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"blood","note":"hacerse mala sangre is an idiom meaning 'to get worked up, to fret', literally 'to make bad blood for oneself'"}]},{"number":85,"label":"44","id":"el-odio-p44-s1","source":"Y de pronto Barsut, riéndose, amable, disuelta esa especie de frenesí que lo había enfoscado toda la tarde, se levantó diciendo futilezas.","translation":"And suddenly Barsut, laughing, amiable, that sort of frenzy that had darkened him all afternoon now dissolved, stood up saying trivial things.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p44-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"disuelta esa especie de frenesí","title":"Absolute participle clause","body":"«disuelta esa especie de frenesí» is an absolute construction: a past participle plus a noun, standing apart, meaning 'that frenzy now dissolved / once the frenzy had dissolved'. The participle «disuelta» agrees with the feminine «especie»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies levantó","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase de pronto, modifies levantó","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de pronto, modifies levantó","gloss":"suddenly","note":"de pronto is a fixed idiom meaning 'suddenly'"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"riéndose","lemma":"reírse","morphology":"verb, gerund, pronominal","role":"modifies Barsut","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"amable","lemma":"amable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Barsut (predicative)","gloss":"amiable"},{"surface":"disuelta","lemma":"disolver","morphology":"verb, past participle, feminine, singular","role":"absolute participial clause modifying levantó, subject especie","gloss":"dissolved"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of especie","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"especie","lemma":"especie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of disuelta","gloss":"sort"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frenesí","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"frenesí","lemma":"frenesí","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies especie","gloss":"frenzy"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of enfoscado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of enfoscado","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of enfoscado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"enfoscado","lemma":"enfoscar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying frenesí","gloss":"darkened"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tarde","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tarde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of enfoscado","gloss":"afternoon"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of levantó","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantarse","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood up"},{"surface":"diciendo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on levantó","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"futilezas","lemma":"futileza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of diciendo","gloss":"trivial things"}]},{"number":86,"label":"45","id":"el-odio-p45-s1","source":"De ese hecho no se olvidó ya más Erdosain: la cabeza rapada, color de bronce, inclinada sobre el mármol y una lengua adherida a la viscosidad de la piedra amarilla.","translation":"Erdosain never again forgot that incident: the shaved head, bronze-colored, bent over the marble, and a tongue clinging to the sliminess of the yellow stone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p45-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no se olvidó ya más","title":"Pronominal «olvidarse de»","body":"Alongside plain «olvidar», Spanish has pronominal «olvidarse de»: «no se olvidó de ese hecho» = 'he did not forget that incident'. The stacked «ya más» piles on the sense 'never, ever again'."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hecho","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hecho","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of olvidó","gloss":"incident"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies olvidó","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of olvidó","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"olvidó","lemma":"olvidar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forgot"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies olvidó","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies olvidó","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of olvidó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to hecho","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"rapada","lemma":"rapado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cabeza","gloss":"shaved"},{"surface":"color","lemma":"color","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to cabeza","gloss":"colored"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bronce","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bronce","lemma":"bronce","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies color","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"inclinada","lemma":"inclinado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cabeza","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mármol","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mármol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mármol","lemma":"mármol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of inclinada","gloss":"marble"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lengua","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lengua","lemma":"lengua","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with cabeza (in apposition to hecho)","gloss":"tongue"},{"surface":"adherida","lemma":"adherido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lengua","gloss":"clinging"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viscosidad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of viscosidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"viscosidad","lemma":"viscosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of adherida","gloss":"sliminess"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piedra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piedra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piedra","lemma":"piedra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies viscosidad","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"amarilla","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies piedra","gloss":"yellow"}]},{"number":87,"label":"46","id":"el-odio-p46-s1","source":"Y muchas veces imaginaba que Barsut lo recordaba a través de los días con el odio que se le toma a las personas a quienes se han hecho demasiadas confidencias.","translation":"And many times he imagined that Barsut remembered him through the days with the hatred one takes toward the people to whom one has confided too much.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p46-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"el odio que se le toma","title":"Impersonal «se»","body":"«se» with no stated subject forms an impersonal 'one': «el odio que se le toma a las personas» = 'the hatred one takes toward people'. Likewise «se han hecho confidencias» = 'one has confided'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies imaginaba","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"muchas","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of imaginaba","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"imaginaba","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imagined"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of recordaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of recordaba","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of recordaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"recordaba","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of imaginaba","gloss":"remembered"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a través de, marking días","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"través","lemma":"través","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase a través de","gloss":"way","note":"'a través de' is a fixed idiom meaning 'through.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a través de","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of días","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of the phrase a través de, modifying recordaba","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking odio","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of odio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"odio","lemma":"odio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of recordaba","gloss":"hatred"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of toma (refers to odio)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, impersonal","role":"impersonal particle of toma","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of toma, anaphoric to personas","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"toma","lemma":"tomar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying odio","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking personas","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of personas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"personas","lemma":"persona","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of a, doubled by le as indirect object of toma","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the relative phrase a quienes, marking indirect object of hecho","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"quienes","lemma":"quien","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of hecho","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, passive","role":"passive particle of hecho","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of hecho","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause modifying personas","gloss":"made","note":"'hacer confidencias' idiomatically means 'to confide.'"},{"surface":"demasiadas","lemma":"demasiado","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of confidencias","gloss":"too many"},{"surface":"confidencias","lemma":"confidencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of hecho","gloss":"confidences"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p46-s2","source":"Pero no se podía dominar, porque apenas llegaba a la casa de Erdosain, volcaba en las orejas de éste cubos de desdichas, aunque sabía que Erdosain se regocijaba con ellas.","translation":"But he could not control himself, because the moment he reached Erdosain's house he poured buckets of misfortunes into the latter's ears, even though he knew that Erdosain delighted in them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p46-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"apenas llegaba","title":"«apenas» — 'as soon as'","body":"Beyond 'hardly', «apenas» also means 'as soon as, the moment that': «apenas llegaba … volcaba» = 'the moment he arrived … he poured'. The imperfect on both verbs marks a recurring pattern."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies dominar","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dominar","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dominar","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dominar","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"dominar","lemma":"dominar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"control"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of llegaba","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"apenas","lemma":"apenas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegaba","gloss":"as soon as"},{"surface":"llegaba","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on volcaba","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llegaba","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"volcaba","lemma":"volcar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on dominar","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orejas","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of orejas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orejas","lemma":"oreja","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of volcaba","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking éste, modifies orejas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, demonstrative, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies orejas","gloss":"the latter"},{"surface":"cubos","lemma":"cubo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of volcaba","gloss":"buckets"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desdichas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"desdichas","lemma":"desdicha","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cubos","gloss":"misfortunes"},{"surface":"aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sabía","gloss":"even though"},{"surface":"sabía","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on volcaba","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of regocijaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of regocijaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of regocijaba","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"regocijaba","lemma":"regocijar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sabía","gloss":"delighted"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ellas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ellas","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of regocijaba","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":89,"label":"47","id":"el-odio-p47-s1","source":"Y es que Remo provocaba sus confidencias, y las provocaba con una transitoria pero espontánea compasión, de manera que Barsut sentía desvanecerse su rencor hacia el otro, cuando éste le aconsejaba seriamente.","translation":"And the thing is that Remo drew out his confidences, and drew them out with a fleeting but spontaneous compassion, so that Barsut felt his rancor toward the other man fade away whenever the latter advised him in earnest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p47-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Y es que","title":"«es que» — 'the thing is'","body":"«(Y) es que…» introduces an explanation or excuse: 'the thing is that…, it's because…'. «de manera que» later in the sentence means 'so that, in such a way that', introducing the result."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies es","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is","note":"'es que' idiomatically introduces an explanation, like 'the thing is that.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of provocaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Remo","lemma":"Remo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of provocaba","gloss":"Remo"},{"surface":"provocaba","lemma":"provocar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"drew out"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of confidencias","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"confidencias","lemma":"confidencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of provocaba","gloss":"confidences"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of provocaba","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"provocaba","lemma":"provocar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with provocaba (clausal complement of es)","gloss":"drew out"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking compasión","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of compasión","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"transitoria","lemma":"transitorio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies compasión, coordinated with espontánea","gloss":"fleeting"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"espontánea","lemma":"espontáneo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies compasión, coordinated with transitoria","gloss":"spontaneous"},{"surface":"compasión","lemma":"compasión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of con, oblique complement of provocaba","gloss":"compassion"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase de manera que, introduces the clause of sentía","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"manera","lemma":"manera","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase de manera que","gloss":"way","note":"'de manera que' is a fixed idiom meaning 'so that.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase de manera que","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sentía","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"sentía","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on provocaba","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"desvanecerse","lemma":"desvanecer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sentía","gloss":"fade away"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of rencor","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rencor","lemma":"rencor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of desvanecerse","gloss":"rancor"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"object of hacia, modifying rencor","gloss":"other man"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of aconsejaba","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of aconsejaba","gloss":"the latter"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of aconsejaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"aconsejaba","lemma":"aconsejar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sentía","gloss":"advised"},{"surface":"seriamente","lemma":"seriamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aconsejaba","gloss":"in earnest"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p47-s2","source":"Mas su odio se desenroscaba furiosamente, cuando una rápida y furtiva mirada de Erdosain le revelaba que en éste se desvanecía la piedad y aparecía un maligno goce ante el espectáculo de su vida en parte deshecha, pues aun cuando tenía dinero para vivir mediocremente de renta, sufría el terror de volverse loco como había acontecido con su padre y sus hermanos.","translation":"But his hatred uncoiled furiously whenever a quick, furtive glance from Erdosain revealed to him that in the latter pity was fading and a malignant relish was appearing at the spectacle of his partly ruined life—for even though he had money enough to live modestly off his rent, he suffered the terror of going mad, as had happened with his father and his brothers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p47-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aun cuando tenía","title":"«aun cuando» — 'even though'","body":"«aun cuando» (note «aun» without accent) means 'even though, even when'. Followed by the indicative «tenía» it concedes a real fact: 'even though he had money'. Distinguish from «aún» (with accent), 'still / yet'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies desenroscaba","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of odio","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"odio","lemma":"odio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of desenroscaba","gloss":"hatred"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desenroscaba","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"desenroscaba","lemma":"desenroscar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"uncoiled"},{"surface":"furiosamente","lemma":"furiosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies desenroscaba","gloss":"furiously"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of revelaba","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rápida","lemma":"rápido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"quick"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"furtiva","lemma":"furtivo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with rápida","gloss":"furtive"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of revelaba","gloss":"glance"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of revelaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"revelaba","lemma":"revelar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on desenroscaba","gloss":"revealed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desvanecía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking éste","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desvanecía","gloss":"the latter"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desvanecía","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"desvanecía","lemma":"desvanecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of revelaba","gloss":"was fading"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piedad","lemma":"piedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of desvanecía","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aparecía","lemma":"aparecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with desvanecía","gloss":"was appearing"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of goce","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"maligno","lemma":"maligno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies goce","gloss":"malignant"},{"surface":"goce","lemma":"goce","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of aparecía","gloss":"relish"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espectáculo","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espectáculo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espectáculo","lemma":"espectáculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of ante, modifying aparecía","gloss":"spectacle"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies espectáculo","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en parte deshecha, modifying vida","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en parte deshecha","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"deshecha","lemma":"deshecho","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase en parte deshecha, modifying vida","gloss":"undone"},{"surface":"pues","lemma":"pues","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sufría","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"aun","lemma":"aun","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase aun cuando, modifies tenía","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase aun cuando, introduces the clause of tenía","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sufría","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vivir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vivir","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tenía","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"mediocremente","lemma":"mediocremente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vivir","gloss":"modestly"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking renta","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"renta","lemma":"renta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of de, modifying vivir","gloss":"rent income"},{"surface":"sufría","lemma":"sufrir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on desenroscaba, introduced by pues","gloss":"suffered"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of terror","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terror","lemma":"terror","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sufría","gloss":"terror"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of volverse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"volverse","lemma":"volver él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying terror","gloss":"becoming"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of volverse","gloss":"crazy"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of acontecido","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of acontecido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"acontecido","lemma":"acontecer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on volverse","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padre","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of padre","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of acontecido","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of hermanos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"hermanos","lemma":"hermano","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with padre","gloss":"brothers"}]},{"number":91,"label":"48","id":"el-odio-p48-s1","source":"De pronto Erdosain levantó la cabeza.","translation":"Suddenly Erdosain raised his head.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p48-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase de pronto, modifies levantó","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de pronto","gloss":"suddenly","note":"'de pronto' is a fixed idiom meaning 'suddenly.'"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the","note":"Spanish uses the definite article ('la') for body parts where English uses a possessive ('his')."},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of levantó","gloss":"head"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p48-s2","source":"El negro de cuello palomita había terminado de empulgarse y ahora los tres «macrós» se repartían fajos de dinero bajo la ávida mirada de los choferes que, desde la otra mesa, soslayaban con el vértice del ojo.","translation":"The black man in the wing collar had finished delousing himself, and now the three \"macrós\" were splitting wads of money under the greedy gaze of the drivers who, from the other table, watched sidelong out of the corner of the eye.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p48-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"«macrós»","title":"«macró» — lunfardo for pimp","body":"«macró» is Buenos Aires «lunfardo» (the city's slang) for a pimp, borrowed from French «maquereau». Arlt uses it interchangeably with «rufián» and «polaco» for the traffickers around the table."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of negro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"negro","lemma":"negro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of terminado","gloss":"black man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuello","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"cuello","lemma":"cuello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies negro","gloss":"collar"},{"surface":"palomita","lemma":"palomita","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies cuello","gloss":"wing","note":"'cuello palomita' (lit. 'little-dove collar') means an old-fashioned wing collar."},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of terminado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"terminado","lemma":"terminar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"finished"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of empulgarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"empulgarse","lemma":"empulgar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of terminado","gloss":"delousing himself","note":"Arlt's slang form, related to 'despulgarse' (to delouse oneself)."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies repartían","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of macrós","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies macrós","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"macrós","lemma":"macró","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of repartían","gloss":"pimps","note":"'macró' is lunfardo (Buenos Aires slang) for a pimp, from French 'maquereau.'"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reciprocal","role":"reciprocal particle of repartían","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"repartían","lemma":"repartir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with terminado","gloss":"were splitting"},{"surface":"fajos","lemma":"fajo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of repartían","gloss":"wads"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dinero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fajos","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mirada","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ávida","lemma":"ávido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"greedy"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of repartían","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking choferes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of choferes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"choferes","lemma":"chofer","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"drivers"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of soslayaban","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"desde","lemma":"desde","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mesa","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mesa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mesa","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"mesa","lemma":"mesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of soslayaban","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"soslayaban","lemma":"soslayar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying choferes","gloss":"watched sidelong"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vértice","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vértice","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vértice","lemma":"vértice","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of con, instrumental modifier of soslayaban","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition, contraction with el","role":"preposition marking ojo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ojo","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vértice","gloss":"eye"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p48-s3","source":"El negro parecía que, bajo la influencia del dinero, iba a estornudar, tan lamentablemente miraba a los rufianes.","translation":"The black man looked as if, under the influence of the money, he were about to sneeze, so pitifully did he gaze at the pimps.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p48-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tan lamentablemente … miraba","title":"«tan» + adverb (consequence)","body":"«tan» intensifies an adverb and signals a consequence: «tan lamentablemente miraba» = 'so pitifully did he gaze'. With nouns Spanish uses «tanto/tal»; with adjectives and adverbs, «tan»."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of negro","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"negro","lemma":"negro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of parecía","gloss":"black man"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of iba","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking influencia","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of influencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"influencia","lemma":"influencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estornudar","gloss":"influence"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dinero","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies influencia","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of estornudar","gloss":"was about to"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of estornudar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"estornudar","lemma":"estornudar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of iba","gloss":"sneeze"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lamentablemente","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"lamentablemente","lemma":"lamentablemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies miraba","gloss":"pitifully"},{"surface":"miraba","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on parecía","gloss":"gazed"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rufianes","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of rufianes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rufianes","lemma":"rufián","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of miraba","gloss":"pimps"}]},{"number":94,"label":"49","id":"el-odio-p49-s1","source":"Erdosain se puso de pie y pagó.","translation":"Erdosain rose to his feet and paid.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p49-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se puso de pie","title":"«ponerse de pie» — to stand up","body":"«ponerse de pie» is the idiom for getting to one's feet, standing up. «ponerse» (pronominal «poner») plus a phrase or adjective expresses entering a state — here, the bodily change from sitting to standing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of puso","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of puso","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"puso","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put","note":"\"Ponerse de pie\" is a set phrase meaning \"to stand up/rise.\""},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pie","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pie","lemma":"pie","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of puso","gloss":"his feet"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pagó","lemma":"pagar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with puso","gloss":"paid"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"el-odio-p49-s2","source":"Luego salió diciéndose: –Si Gregorio me falla le pediré al Astrólogo.","translation":"Then he went out saying to himself: —If Gregorio fails me I'll ask the Astrologer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-odio-p49-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Si Gregorio me falla … pediré","title":"Real conditional («si» + present)","body":"For a likely future condition Spanish uses «si» plus the present indicative, with the result in the future: «si Gregorio me falla, le pediré» = 'if Gregorio fails me, I'll ask'. The «si» clause never takes the future tense."}],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies salió","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"salió","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went out"},{"surface":"diciéndose","lemma":"decir él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on salió","gloss":"saying to himself"},{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of falla","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"Gregorio","lemma":"Gregorio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of falla","gloss":"Gregorio"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of falla","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"falla","lemma":"fallar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on pediré","gloss":"fails"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pediré","gloss":"him","note":"\"Le\" doubles the indirect object \"al Astrólogo\" — common in spoken Spanish for emphasis."},{"surface":"pediré","lemma":"pedir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'll ask"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of pediré","gloss":"Astrologer"}]}]}