{"work":{"slug":"arlt","title":{"source":"Los siete locos","translated":"The Seven Madmen"},"author":"Roberto Arlt","language":"Spanish","languageCode":"es","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"el-secuestro","title":{"source":"El secuestro","translated":"The Abduction"},"section":"Part Two","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/el-secuestro","lines":68},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/el-latigo","license":"Source text: public domain (Roberto Arlt, d. 1942). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: this is a minimal seed excerpt to make the app target runnable; full verified content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"el-secuestro-p1-s1","source":"A las nueve de la mañana Erdosain fue a buscarlo a Barsut.","translation":"At nine in the morning Erdosain went to fetch Barsut.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"buscarlo a Barsut","title":"Doubled direct object","body":"River Plate Spanish often anticipates a person object with a pronoun and then names them: «buscarlo a Barsut» literally stacks «lo» ('him') and «a Barsut» ('Barsut'). The «a» is the 'personal a', required before a human direct object; the redundant «lo» is colloquial, common in Buenos Aires speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nueve","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of nueve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nueve","lemma":"nueve","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of fue","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mañana","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mañana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nueve","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of fue","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of buscarlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"buscarlo","lemma":"buscar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of fue","gloss":"fetch"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of buscarlo","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"el-secuestro-p2-s1","source":"Salieron sin decir palabra.","translation":"They left without saying a word.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Salieron","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of decir","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Salieron","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"palabra","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of decir","gloss":"a word"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p2-s2","source":"Más tarde Erdosain reflexionaba sobre este viaje extraño en el cual el otro hombre fue hacia su destino sin oponer ninguna resistencia.","translation":"Later Erdosain would reflect on that strange journey in which the other man went toward his fate without putting up any resistance.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p2-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"reflexionaba / fue","title":"Imperfect vs. preterite","body":"«reflexionaba» is imperfect — a habitual, ongoing looking-back ('he would reflect', 'he kept reflecting'). «fue» is preterite — the single completed act of going. Spanish constantly pairs the two: the imperfect frames the mood, the preterite reports what happened."}],"words":[{"surface":"Más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tarde","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies reflexionaba","gloss":"later","note":"más tarde together mean 'later'; tarde alone means 'late' or 'afternoon.'"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of reflexionaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"reflexionaba","lemma":"reflexionar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would reflect"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viaje","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viaje","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"viaje","lemma":"viaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of reflexionaba","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"extraño","lemma":"extraño","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies viaje","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cual","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cual","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cual","lemma":"cual","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of en, relative pronoun referring to viaje","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fue","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking destino","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of destino","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"destino","lemma":"destino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fue","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of oponer","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"oponer","lemma":"oponer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on fue","gloss":"putting up"},{"surface":"ninguna","lemma":"ninguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of resistencia","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"resistencia","lemma":"resistencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of oponer","gloss":"resistance"}]},{"number":4,"label":"3","id":"el-secuestro-p3-s1","source":"Refiriéndose a esas circunstancias, decía:","translation":"Referring to those circumstances, he would say:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Refiriéndose","title":"Gerund of a pronominal verb","body":"«referirse a» ('to refer to') is pronominal — it always carries a reflexive pronoun. In the gerund the pronoun attaches to the end: «refiriéndose» = 'referring (himself) to'. Note the stem change e→i, typical of «-ir» verbs like «referir» in the gerund."}],"words":[{"surface":"Refiriéndose","lemma":"referir él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on decía","gloss":"Referring"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking circunstancias","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of circunstancias","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"circunstancias","lemma":"circunstancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Refiriéndose","gloss":"circumstances"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would say"}]},{"number":5,"label":"4","id":"el-secuestro-p4-s1","source":"–Iba con Barsut como un condenado a muerte marcha hacia el paraje de la ejecución, abandonada toda su fuerza; con una sensación persistente, la del vacío ocupando los intersticios de mis entrañas.","translation":"—I walked beside Barsut the way a man condemned to death marches toward the place of execution, all his strength gone; with a persistent sensation, that of emptiness filling the gaps inside me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"abandonada toda su fuerza","title":"Absolute participle construction","body":"A past participle plus a noun, with no helping verb, forms an 'absolute clause' that sets a circumstance: «abandonada toda su fuerza» = 'all his strength (having been) abandoned/gone'. The participle «abandonada» agrees in gender and number with «fuerza»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of Iba","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of condenado","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of condenado","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"condenado","lemma":"condenado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular (used as a noun)","role":"subject of marcha","gloss":"condemned man"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies condenado","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"muerte","lemma":"muerte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"marcha","lemma":"marchar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by como","gloss":"marches"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paraje","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paraje","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"paraje","lemma":"paraje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of marcha","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ejecución","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ejecución","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ejecución","lemma":"ejecución","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies paraje","gloss":"execution"},{"surface":"abandonada","lemma":"abandonado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"absolute construction modifying Iba","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fuerza","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fuerza","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"fuerza","lemma":"fuerza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of abandonada","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sensación","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sensación","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sensación","lemma":"sensación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Iba","gloss":"sensation"},{"surface":"persistente","lemma":"persistente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies sensación","gloss":"persistent"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"stands for sensación, appositive","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vacío","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vacío","lemma":"vacío","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of la","gloss":"emptiness"},{"surface":"ocupando","lemma":"ocupar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clause modifying vacío","gloss":"filling"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of intersticios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"intersticios","lemma":"intersticio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of ocupando","gloss":"gaps"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking entrañas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mis","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of entrañas","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"entrañas","lemma":"entraña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies intersticios","gloss":"insides","note":"entrañas literally means 'entrails/innards'; here it figures the depths of the body, rendered as 'inside me.'"}]},{"number":6,"label":"5","id":"el-secuestro-p5-s1","source":"«Barsut a su vez estaba ceñudo; yo comprendía que él allí, sentado junto a la ventanilla, con el codo apoyado en el pasamano, acumulaba furores para descargarlos contra el invisible enemigo que su instinto le advertía estaba oculto en la quinta de Temperley».","translation":"\"Barsut, for his part, was scowling; I understood that there, seated by the window, his elbow propped on the handrail, he was storing up rages to unleash against the invisible enemy his instinct warned him lay hidden at the villa in Temperley.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la quinta de Temperley","title":"«quinta»","body":"A «quinta» is a country house or estate on the edge of the city, with grounds — the Spanish counterpart of a villa. Temperley is a real suburb south of Buenos Aires; here the «quinta» is the conspirators' hideout."}],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom a su vez, modifies estaba","gloss":"in","note":"idiom: a su vez = in turn, for his part."},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vez (idiom a su vez)","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the idiom a su vez, modifies estaba","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to ceñudo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ceñudo","lemma":"ceñudo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective complement of estaba","gloss":"scowling"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of comprendía","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"comprendía","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (after the semicolon)","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of acumulaba (object clause of comprendía)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of acumulaba","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentado","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sentado","lemma":"sentado","morphology":"adjective (past participle), masculine, singular","role":"participial phrase describing él","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"junto","lemma":"junto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the compound preposition junto a, marking ventanilla","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the compound preposition junto a, marking ventanilla","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ventanilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ventanilla","lemma":"ventanilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of junto a, modifies sentado","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the phrase con el codo apoyado, modifies él","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of codo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"codo","lemma":"codo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of con; subject of apoyado","gloss":"elbow"},{"surface":"apoyado","lemma":"apoyado","morphology":"adjective (past participle), masculine, singular","role":"modifies codo","gloss":"propped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pasamano","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pasamano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pasamano","lemma":"pasamano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of en, modifies apoyado","gloss":"handrail"},{"surface":"acumulaba","lemma":"acumular","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the que-clause (object of comprendía)","gloss":"was storing up"},{"surface":"furores","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of acumulaba","gloss":"rages"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the purpose clause of descargarlos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"descargarlos","lemma":"descargar","morphology":"verb, infinitive, with enclitic pronoun \"los\"","role":"purpose clause on acumulaba","gloss":"unleash them","note":"'los' is an attached direct-object pronoun referring back to furores (rages)."},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enemigo","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of enemigo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"invisible","lemma":"invisible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies enemigo","gloss":"invisible"},{"surface":"enemigo","lemma":"enemigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of contra","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of estaba (relative clause referring to enemigo)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of instinto","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"instinto","lemma":"instinto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of advertía","gloss":"instinct"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of advertía","gloss":"him","note":"'le' marks the person warned (advertir algo a alguien = warn someone of/that something); there is no 'de' before the complement clause, which is the pattern where the person is the indirect object and the clause is the direct object. This is standard usage, not leísmo — the leísmo label and note are incorrect."},{"surface":"advertía","lemma":"advertir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb introducing the complement clause (estaba oculto); modifies enemigo","gloss":"warned"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to oculto (complement clause of advertía)","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"oculto","lemma":"oculto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective complement of estaba","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quinta","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quinta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quinta","lemma":"quinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of en; complement of estaba oculto","gloss":"villa"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Temperley","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Temperley","lemma":"Temperley","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies quinta","gloss":"Temperley"}]},{"number":7,"label":"6","id":"el-secuestro-p6-s1","source":"Erdosain continuó:","translation":"Erdosain went on:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of continuó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"}]},{"number":8,"label":"7","id":"el-secuestro-p7-s1","source":"–A momentos me decía lo curioso que hubiera resultado para los otros pasajeros el saber que esos dos hombres, hundidos en el acolchado de cuero de los asientos, eran: uno el próximo asesino y el otro su víctima.","translation":"—Now and then I told myself how curious it would have seemed to the other passengers to learn that those two men, sunk into the leather cushioning of the seats, were: one the soon-to-be murderer and the other his victim.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo curioso que","title":"«lo» + adjective + «que»","body":"«lo» before an adjective makes an abstract noun of degree: «lo curioso que...» = 'how curious...', 'the curious thing about how...'. It is the everyday way to say 'how + adjective' inside a clause, as in «lo difícil que es» ('how hard it is')."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom a momentos, modifies decía","gloss":"at","note":"idiom: a momentos = now and then, at times."},{"surface":"momentos","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"part of the idiom a momentos, modifies decía","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of decía (reflexive: to myself)","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"article, neuter, singular","role":"forms the neuter construction lo curioso, modifies resultado","gloss":"how","note":"'lo + adjective + que' is an intensifying construction meaning 'how [adjective]'."},{"surface":"curioso","lemma":"curioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate within the lo...que construction, modifies resultado","gloss":"curious"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative particle","role":"links curioso to resultado (lo...que construction)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of resultado","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"resultado","lemma":"resultar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"verb of the direct-object clause of decía (lo curioso que hubiera resultado)","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pasajeros","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pasajeros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pasajeros","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"pasajeros","lemma":"pasajero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of para, oblique complement of resultado","gloss":"passengers"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"article, masculine, singular","role":"nominalizes saber; subject of resultado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"saber","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb infinitive used as a noun (nominalized), masculine","role":"head of the phrase el saber; subject of resultado","gloss":"to learn"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of saber","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"modifies hombres","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of eran","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"hundidos","lemma":"hundido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies hombres","gloss":"sunk"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acolchado","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of acolchado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"acolchado","lemma":"acolchado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of en, oblique complement of hundidos","gloss":"cushioning"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cuero","lemma":"cuero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies acolchado","gloss":"leather"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking asientos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of asientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"asientos","lemma":"asiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies acolchado","gloss":"seats"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking hombres to the predicate uno...el otro...","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of eran (first of the pair), in apposition to hombres","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of asesino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"próximo","lemma":"próximo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies asesino","gloss":"soon-to-be"},{"surface":"asesino","lemma":"asesino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to uno","gloss":"murderer"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with uno (second of the pair)","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of víctima","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"víctima","lemma":"víctima","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of (elided) era, coordinated with asesino","gloss":"victim"}]},{"number":9,"label":"8","id":"el-secuestro-p8-s1","source":"«Y sin embargo, todo continuaba lo mismo; el sol luda allá en los campos: habíamos dejado atrás los frigoríficos, las fábricas de estearina y jabón, las fundiciones de vidrio y de hierro, los bretes con el vacuno oliendo los postes, las avenidas a pavimentar con sus llanuras manchadas de yeso y de surcos.","translation":"\"And yet everything went on just the same; the sun blazed out there over the fields: we had left behind the meat-packing plants, the stearin and soap factories, the glass and iron foundries, the cattle pens with the steers nosing the posts, the avenues still to be paved, their flats stained with plaster and furrows.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"habíamos dejado atrás","title":"Pluperfect tense","body":"«habíamos dejado» is the pluperfect: «haber» in the imperfect plus a past participle, 'we had left'. It marks an action completed before another past moment — here, what the train had already passed by the time Erdosain looks out."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"los bretes","title":"«brete»","body":"A «brete» is a narrow cattle chute or pen used to corral and restrain livestock — vocabulary from the Argentine stockyards. The image fixes the train's route through the industrial cattle belt south of the city."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination, modifies continuaba","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom sin embargo, modifies continuaba","gloss":"without","note":"idiom: sin embargo = however, nevertheless — literally 'without hindrance.'"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom sin embargo","gloss":"hindrance"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of continuaba","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"continuaba","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"article, neuter","role":"part of the phrase lo mismo, predicate complement of continuaba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of continuaba (lo mismo = just the same)","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of luda","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"luda","lemma":"lucir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause, coordinated with continuaba","gloss":"blazed","note":"Surface 'luda' does not match any standard conjugation of 'lucir' (imperfect indicative would be 'lucía', not 'luda'). If instead from 'ludir' (to rub/graze), the imperfect indicative would be 'ludía' — 'luda' only matches ludir's present subjunctive, which doesn't fit this plain declarative clause. The lemma/gloss given ('lucir'/'blazed') is an unverified guess presented as settled fact; flag for review against the print source rather than shipping as-is."},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies luda","gloss":"out there"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking campos","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of campos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"campos","lemma":"campo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of luda","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"habíamos","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of dejado","gloss":"we had"},{"surface":"dejado","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb (with habíamos), coordinated with continuaba/luda","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"atrás","lemma":"atrás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dejado","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of frigoríficos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frigoríficos","lemma":"frigorífico","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of dejado","gloss":"meat-packing plants"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fábricas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fábricas","lemma":"fábrica","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with frigoríficos (direct object of dejado)","gloss":"factories"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estearina","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"estearina","lemma":"estearina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fábricas","gloss":"stearin"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jabón","lemma":"jabón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with estearina","gloss":"soap"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fundiciones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fundiciones","lemma":"fundición","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with frigoríficos (direct object of dejado)","gloss":"foundries"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vidrio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vidrio","lemma":"vidrio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fundiciones","gloss":"glass"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hierro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hierro","lemma":"hierro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with vidrio","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of bretes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bretes","lemma":"brete","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with frigoríficos (direct object of dejado)","gloss":"pens"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vacuno","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vacuno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vacuno","lemma":"vacuno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bretes","gloss":"steers"},{"surface":"oliendo","lemma":"oler","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause modifying vacuno","gloss":"nosing"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of postes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"postes","lemma":"poste","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of oliendo","gloss":"posts"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of avenidas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"avenidas","lemma":"avenida","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with frigoríficos (direct object of dejado)","gloss":"avenues"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive clause pavimentar, modifies avenidas","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pavimentar","lemma":"pavimentar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adjectival clause modifying avenidas (a pavimentar = still to be paved)","gloss":"be paved"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking llanuras","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of llanuras","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"llanuras","lemma":"llanura","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of con, describes avenidas","gloss":"flats"},{"surface":"manchadas","lemma":"manchada","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies llanuras","gloss":"stained"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yeso","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"yeso","lemma":"yeso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of manchadas","gloss":"plaster"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking surcos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"surcos","lemma":"surco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with yeso","gloss":"furrows"}]},{"number":10,"label":"9","id":"el-secuestro-p9-s1","source":"Y ahora comenzaba, traspuesto Lanús, el siniestro espectáculo de Remedios de Escalada, monstruosos talleres de ladrillo rojo y sus bocazas negras, bajo cuyos arcos maniobraban las locomotoras, y a lo lejos, en las entrevias, se veían cuadrillas de desdichados apaleando grava o transportando durmientes.","translation":"And now, with Lanús behind us, began the sinister spectacle of Remedios de Escalada: monstrous red-brick workshops and their black maws, under whose arches the locomotives maneuvered, while far off, between the tracks, gangs of wretches could be seen shoveling gravel or hauling sleepers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bajo cuyos arcos","title":"«cuyo» — relative possessive","body":"«cuyo» means 'whose' and agrees with the thing possessed, not the owner: «cuyos arcos» = 'whose arches' (masculine plural, matching «arcos»). It joins two clauses, here linking the workshops to the arches they have."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies comenzaba","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies comenzaba","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"comenzaba","lemma":"comenzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"traspuesto","lemma":"traspuesto","morphology":"adjective (past participle), masculine, singular","role":"predicate of the absolute clause (subject Lanús), modifies comenzaba","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"Lanús","lemma":"Lanús","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of traspuesto (absolute participial clause)","gloss":"Lanús"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espectáculo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"siniestro","lemma":"siniestro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies espectáculo","gloss":"sinister"},{"surface":"espectáculo","lemma":"espectáculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of comenzaba","gloss":"spectacle"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Remedios","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Remedios","lemma":"Remedios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies espectáculo","gloss":"Remedios"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the place name Remedios de Escalada","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Escalada","lemma":"Escalada","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Remedios de Escalada","gloss":"Escalada"},{"surface":"monstruosos","lemma":"monstruoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies talleres","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"talleres","lemma":"taller","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to espectáculo","gloss":"workshops"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ladrillo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ladrillo","lemma":"ladrillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies talleres","gloss":"brick"},{"surface":"rojo","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ladrillo","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bocazas","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"bocazas","lemma":"bocaza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with talleres (in apposition to espectáculo)","gloss":"maws"},{"surface":"negras","lemma":"negro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies bocazas","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arcos","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"cuyos","lemma":"cuyo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural (relative possessive)","role":"modifies arcos","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"arcos","lemma":"arco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of bajo, oblique complement of maniobraban","gloss":"arches"},{"surface":"maniobraban","lemma":"maniobrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause modifying bocazas","gloss":"maneuvered"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of locomotoras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"locomotoras","lemma":"locomotora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of maniobraban","gloss":"locomotives"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the following clause (translated 'while')","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom a lo lejos, modifies veían","gloss":"in","note":"idiom: a lo lejos = far off, in the distance."},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"article, neuter","role":"part of the idiom a lo lejos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lejos","lemma":"lejos","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom a lo lejos","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking entrevias","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of entrevias","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"entrevias","lemma":"entrevía","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of veían","gloss":"tracks"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative (passive marker)","role":"passive marker of veían","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"veían","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the coordinated clause (se veían = were seen)","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"cuadrillas","lemma":"cuadrilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of veían","gloss":"gangs"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desdichados","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"desdichados","lemma":"desdichado","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), masculine, plural","role":"modifies cuadrillas","gloss":"wretches"},{"surface":"apaleando","lemma":"apalear","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause modifying cuadrillas","gloss":"shoveling"},{"surface":"grava","lemma":"grava","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of apaleando","gloss":"gravel"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"transportando","lemma":"transportar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with apaleando","gloss":"hauling"},{"surface":"durmientes","lemma":"durmiente","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of transportando","gloss":"sleepers"}]},{"number":11,"label":"10","id":"el-secuestro-p10-s1","source":"«Más allá, entre una raquítica vegetación de plátanos intoxicados por el hollín y los hedores del petróleo, cruzaba la senda oblicua de los chalets rojos para los empleados de la empresa, con sus jardincitos minúsculos, sus persianas ennegrecidas por el humo y los caminos sembrados de escoria y carbonilla».","translation":"\"Farther on, amid a stunted growth of plane trees poisoned by soot and the reek of petroleum, ran the slanting row of red cottages for the company's employees, with their tiny gardens, their blinds blackened by smoke, and the paths strewn with slag and cinders.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"jardincitos","title":"Diminutive «-ito»","body":"«jardincito» is «jardín» ('garden') plus the diminutive «-cito», 'little garden'. Beyond size, the diminutive can color the tone — here it makes the workers' patches sound meager and pitiable rather than merely small."}],"words":[{"surface":"Más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies allá","gloss":"farther"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cruzaba","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vegetación","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vegetación","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"raquítica","lemma":"raquítico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vegetación","gloss":"stunted"},{"surface":"vegetación","lemma":"vegetación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of entre; adverbial phrase modifying cruzaba","gloss":"growth"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plátanos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"plátanos","lemma":"plátano","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies vegetación","gloss":"plane trees"},{"surface":"intoxicados","lemma":"intoxicado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies plátanos","gloss":"poisoned"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hollín","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hollín","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hollín","lemma":"hollín","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent complement of intoxicados (via por)","gloss":"soot"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hedores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hedores","lemma":"hedor","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with hollín","gloss":"reek"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition (contraction of de + el)","role":"preposition marking petróleo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"petróleo","lemma":"petróleo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hedores","gloss":"petroleum"},{"surface":"cruzaba","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of senda","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"senda","lemma":"senda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of cruzaba (inverted word order)","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"oblicua","lemma":"oblicuo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies senda","gloss":"slanting"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chalets","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of chalets","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chalets","lemma":"chalet","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies senda","gloss":"cottages"},{"surface":"rojos","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies chalets","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking empleados","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of empleados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"empleados","lemma":"empleado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of para, modifies chalets","gloss":"employees"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking empresa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of empresa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"empresa","lemma":"empresa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies empleados","gloss":"company"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the list of features, modifies chalets","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of jardincitos","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"jardincitos","lemma":"jardincito","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of con, modifies chalets","gloss":"gardens"},{"surface":"minúsculos","lemma":"minúsculo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies jardincitos","gloss":"tiny"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of persianas","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"persianas","lemma":"persiana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with jardincitos (object of con)","gloss":"blinds"},{"surface":"ennegrecidas","lemma":"ennegrecida","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies persianas","gloss":"blackened"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking humo","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of humo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"humo","lemma":"humo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent complement of ennegrecidas (via por)","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of caminos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caminos","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with jardincitos/persianas (object of con)","gloss":"paths"},{"surface":"sembrados","lemma":"sembrado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies caminos","gloss":"strewn"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escoria","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"escoria","lemma":"escoria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies caminos","gloss":"slag"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"carbonilla","lemma":"carbonilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with escoria","gloss":"cinders"}]},{"number":12,"label":"11","id":"el-secuestro-p11-s1","source":"Barsut iba ensimismado.","translation":"Barsut rode lost in thought.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of iba","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to ensimismado","gloss":"rode"},{"surface":"ensimismado","lemma":"ensimismado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective complement of iba","gloss":"lost in thought"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p11-s2","source":"Erdosain, para explicar el exacto término, se dejaba estar.","translation":"Erdosain, to put it exactly, let himself drift.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p11-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se dejaba estar","title":"«dejarse» + infinitive","body":"«dejarse estar» is an idiom: to let oneself be, to slacken, to go passive. The reflexive «se» on «dejar» ('to let') turns the action back on the subject — he lets himself simply be carried along, doing nothing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dejaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of explicar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"explicar","lemma":"explicar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on dejaba","gloss":"explain","note":"idiom: 'para explicar el exacto término' ≈ 'to put it exactly.'"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of término","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"exacto","lemma":"exacto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies término","gloss":"exact"},{"surface":"término","lemma":"término","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of explicar","gloss":"term"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dejaba","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"dejaba","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dejaba","gloss":"drift","note":"idiom: dejarse estar = to let oneself drift, not bother."}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p11-s3","source":"Si en aquel momento hubiera visto un convoy avanzando por la línea en sentido contrario, no hubiera pestañeado, tan indiferente le era la vida o la muerte.","translation":"Had he seen at that moment a train coming up the line from the opposite direction, he would not have blinked, so indifferent to him were life and death.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p11-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hubiera visto / hubiera pestañeado","title":"Past unreal conditional","body":"This is a contrary-to-fact past condition: «si hubiera visto... no hubiera pestañeado» = 'if he had seen... he would not have blinked'. Both clauses use the pluperfect subjunctive (here «hubiera»), a common literary pattern where the result clause also takes «hubiera» rather than the conditional perfect."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of visto","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of visto","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"visto","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"verb of the conditional clause (si...), modifies pestañeado","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of convoy","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"convoy","lemma":"convoy","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of visto","gloss":"train"},{"surface":"avanzando","lemma":"avanzar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause modifying convoy","gloss":"coming up"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking línea","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of línea","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"línea","lemma":"línea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of avanzando","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sentido","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sentido","lemma":"sentido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies línea","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"contrario","lemma":"contrario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sentido","gloss":"opposite"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pestañeado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pestañeado","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"pestañeado","lemma":"pestañear","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"blinked"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies indiferente","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"indiferente","lemma":"indiferente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective, complement of era","gloss":"indifferent"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of era","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking vida/muerte to indiferente","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of muerte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muerte","lemma":"muerte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with vida","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p11-s4","source":"Así transcurrió el viaje.","translation":"So the journey passed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p11-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies transcurrió","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"transcurrió","lemma":"transcurrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viaje","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"viaje","lemma":"viaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of transcurrió","gloss":"journey"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p11-s5","source":"Cuando llegaron a Temperley, Barsut se sacudió como si despertara escalofriado de un sueño penoso, y se limitó a decir:","translation":"When they reached Temperley, Barsut shook himself as if waking with a shiver from a painful dream, and merely said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p11-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si despertara","title":"«como si» + past subjunctive","body":"«como si» ('as if') always triggers the subjunctive, and for a hypothetical it takes the imperfect subjunctive: «como si despertara» = 'as if he were waking'. The comparison is unreal — he isn't actually waking from sleep."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of llegaron","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"llegaron","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on sacudió","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Temperley","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Temperley","lemma":"Temperley","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of llegaron","gloss":"Temperley"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sacudió","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of sacudió (reflexive)","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sacudió","lemma":"sacudir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of como si, introduces the clause of despertara","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of como si, introduces the clause of despertara","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"despertara","lemma":"despertar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sacudió","gloss":"waking"},{"surface":"escalofriado","lemma":"escalofriado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective, complement of despertara","gloss":"shivering"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sueño","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sueño","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sueño","lemma":"sueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of despertara","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"penoso","lemma":"penoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sueño","gloss":"painful"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of limitó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"limitó","lemma":"limitar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sacudió","gloss":"limited","note":"idiom: limitarse a = to do nothing but, to merely do."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of decir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of limitó","gloss":"say"}]},{"number":17,"label":"12","id":"el-secuestro-p12-s1","source":"–¿Por dónde es?","translation":"—Which way is it?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom por dónde, marking dónde","gloss":"which","note":"idiom: por dónde = which way."},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of the idiom por dónde, oblique complement of es","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula, main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":18,"label":"13","id":"el-secuestro-p13-s1","source":"Erdosain extendió el brazo, señalando vagamente la distancia que debía caminar, y Barsut siguió el rumbo.","translation":"Erdosain stretched out his arm, vaguely indicating the distance they had to walk, and Barsut set off in that direction.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of extendió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"extendió","lemma":"extender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stretched out"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of brazo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazo","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of extendió","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"señalando","lemma":"señalar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on extendió","gloss":"indicating"},{"surface":"vagamente","lemma":"vagamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies señalando","gloss":"vaguely"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of distancia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"distancia","lemma":"distancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of señalando","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of caminar (relative pronoun referring to distancia)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"debía","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of caminar","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"caminar","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying distancia","gloss":"walk"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of siguió","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"siguió","lemma":"seguir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with extendió","gloss":"followed","note":"'siguió el rumbo' idiomatically means he set off/headed in that direction."},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rumbo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rumbo","lemma":"rumbo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of siguió","gloss":"direction"}]},{"number":19,"label":"14","id":"el-secuestro-p14-s1","source":"Ahora cruzaban en silencio las calles hacia la quinta del Astrólogo.","translation":"Now they crossed the streets in silence toward the Astrologer's villa.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p14-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cruzaban","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"cruzaban","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silencio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"silencio","lemma":"silencio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cruzaban","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of calles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"calles","lemma":"calle","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of cruzaban","gloss":"streets"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quinta","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quinta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quinta","lemma":"quinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cruzaban","gloss":"villa"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies quinta","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":20,"label":"15","id":"el-secuestro-p15-s1","source":"Caía el tierno azul de la mañana en los bardales de las calles oblicuas.","translation":"The tender blue of the morning fell over the hedgerows of the slanting streets.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p15-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Caía","lemma":"caer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of azul","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tierno","lemma":"tierno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies azul","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"azul","lemma":"azul","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Caía","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mañana","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mañana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies azul","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bardales","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of bardales","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bardales","lemma":"bardal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Caía","gloss":"hedgerows"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking calles","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of calles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"calles","lemma":"calle","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies bardales","gloss":"streets"},{"surface":"oblicuas","lemma":"oblicua","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies calles","gloss":"slanting"}]},{"number":21,"label":"16","id":"el-secuestro-p16-s1","source":"Tallos, pasteles de todos los verdes y árboles, creaban informes edificios vegetales, crestados por penachos flexibles y bifurcados por laberintos de leñosidades rojas.","translation":"Stalks, pastel washes of every green, and trees built up shapeless vegetal edifices, crested with supple plumes and forked by labyrinths of red woody growth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p16-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tallos","lemma":"tallo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of creaban (coordinated with pasteles, árboles)","gloss":"Stalks"},{"surface":"pasteles","lemma":"pastel","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with Tallos (subject of creaban)","gloss":"pastels"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking verdes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"modifies verdes (quantifier)","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of verdes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verdes","lemma":"verde","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de (modifies pasteles)","gloss":"greens"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"árboles","lemma":"árbol","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with Tallos (subject of creaban)","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"creaban","lemma":"crear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"built up"},{"surface":"informes","lemma":"informe","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies edificios","gloss":"shapeless"},{"surface":"edificios","lemma":"edificio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of creaban","gloss":"edifices"},{"surface":"vegetales","lemma":"vegetal","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies edificios","gloss":"vegetal"},{"surface":"crestados","lemma":"crestado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies edificios","gloss":"crested"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking penachos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"penachos","lemma":"penacho","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of crestados","gloss":"plumes"},{"surface":"flexibles","lemma":"flexible","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies penachos","gloss":"supple"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bifurcados","lemma":"bifurcado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with crestados (modifies edificios)","gloss":"forked"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking laberintos","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"laberintos","lemma":"laberinto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of bifurcados","gloss":"labyrinths"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking leñosidades","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"leñosidades","lemma":"leñosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies laberintos","gloss":"woody growth"},{"surface":"rojas","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies leñosidades","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p16-s2","source":"Esto bajo el aire que ondulaba suavemente, de forma tal, que esas fantásticas construcciones del botánico azar parecían flotar en una atmósfera de oro, que tenía la lucidez vítrea de un cristal cóncavo, reteniendo en su esfericidad el profundo hedor de la tierra.","translation":"All this beneath the air that rippled softly, in such a way that those fantastic constructions of botanical chance seemed to float in an atmosphere of gold, which had the glassy clarity of a concave lens, holding within its sphere the deep stench of the earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p16-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"de forma tal, que","title":"«de tal forma que» — result","body":"«de forma tal que» (a variant of «de tal forma que») means 'in such a way that', introducing a result. When the result is presented as a real consequence it takes the indicative, as here with «parecían» ('they seemed')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"topic of the sentence (resumes the previous scene)","gloss":"All this","note":"'Esto' loosely resumes the previous scene; the grammatical subject of 'parecían' is 'construcciones' later in the sentence."},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aire","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aire","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aire","lemma":"aire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Esto (locative)","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of ondulaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ondulaba","lemma":"ondular","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying aire","gloss":"rippled"},{"surface":"suavemente","lemma":"suavemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ondulaba","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the manner phrase modifying ondulaba","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ondulaba","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of parecían","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of construcciones","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"fantásticas","lemma":"fantástico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies construcciones","gloss":"fantastic"},{"surface":"construcciones","lemma":"construcción","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of parecían","gloss":"constructions"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking azar","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"botánico","lemma":"botánico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies azar","gloss":"botanical"},{"surface":"azar","lemma":"azar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of del (modifies construcciones)","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"parecían","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"flotar","lemma":"flotar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of parecían","gloss":"to float"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atmósfera","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of atmósfera","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"atmósfera","lemma":"atmósfera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of flotar","gloss":"atmosphere"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies atmósfera","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of tenía","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying atmósfera","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lucidez","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lucidez","lemma":"lucidez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"clarity"},{"surface":"vítrea","lemma":"vítreo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lucidez","gloss":"glassy"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cristal","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cristal","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cristal","lemma":"cristal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies lucidez","gloss":"lens"},{"surface":"cóncavo","lemma":"cóncavo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cristal","gloss":"concave"},{"surface":"reteniendo","lemma":"retener","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on tenía","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esfericidad","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esfericidad","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"esfericidad","lemma":"esfericidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of reteniendo","gloss":"sphere"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hedor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"profundo","lemma":"profundo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hedor","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"hedor","lemma":"hedor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of reteniendo","gloss":"stench"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hedor","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":23,"label":"17","id":"el-secuestro-p17-s1","source":"–Linda la mañana –dijo Barsut.","translation":"—Lovely morning, said Barsut.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p17-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Linda","title":"«lindo» in the River Plate","body":"«lindo/linda» means 'pretty, lovely, nice' and is the everyday word for it across Argentina and Uruguay, where Peninsular Spanish would lean on «bonito» or «bello». «Linda la mañana» drops the verb entirely — a clipped, colloquial 'lovely morning'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Linda","lemma":"lindo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective, modifies mañana","gloss":"Lovely"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mañana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Linda (implied copula 'es')","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":24,"label":"18","id":"el-secuestro-p18-s1","source":"Y ya no hablaron más hasta llegar al frente de la quinta.","translation":"And they did not speak again until they reached the front of the villa.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p18-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ya no... más","title":"«ya no» — no longer","body":"«ya no» means 'no longer / not anymore'; reinforced with «más» ('no more') it stresses the cutoff: «ya no hablaron más» = 'they spoke no further'. Contrast «ya» alone, which means 'already / now'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablaron","gloss":"any longer","note":"'ya no ... más' together emphasizes 'not ... anymore.'"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablaron","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hablaron","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablaron","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of llegar","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"llegar","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hablaron","gloss":"reaching"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"contraction (preposition + determiner), masculine, singular","role":"preposition + determiner introducing frente","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llegar","gloss":"front"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quinta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quinta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quinta","lemma":"quinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies frente","gloss":"villa"}]},{"number":25,"label":"19","id":"el-secuestro-p19-s1","source":"–Aquí es –dijo Erdosain.","translation":"—Here it is, said Erdosain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p19-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"Here"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of dijo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":26,"label":"20","id":"el-secuestro-p20-s1","source":"Barsut dio un salto atrás y mirándolo con una agudeza increíble, exclamó:","translation":"Barsut sprang back and, eyeing him with an incredible sharpness, exclaimed:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p20-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dio un salto","title":"«dar un salto»","body":"Spanish often pairs «dar» ('to give') with a noun where English uses a single verb: «dar un salto» = 'to give a leap', i.e. 'to jump'. Compare «dar un paseo» ('take a walk'), «dar una vuelta» ('go for a turn')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dio","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"dio","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave","note":"'dio un salto atrás' idiomatically means he sprang/leapt back."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of salto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"salto","lemma":"salto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dio","gloss":"jump"},{"surface":"atrás","lemma":"atrás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies salto","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mirándolo","lemma":"mirar él","morphology":"verb, gerund, with enclitic pronoun \"lo\"","role":"adverbial clause on exclamó","gloss":"eyeing him"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking agudeza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of agudeza","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"agudeza","lemma":"agudeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mirándolo","gloss":"sharpness"},{"surface":"increíble","lemma":"increíble","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies agudeza","gloss":"incredible"},{"surface":"exclamó","lemma":"exclamar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb, coordinated with dio","gloss":"exclaimed"}]},{"number":27,"label":"21","id":"el-secuestro-p21-s1","source":"–¿Y cómo sabes que es aquí, si no hay número?","translation":"—And how do you know it's here, if there's no number?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p21-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous utterance","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"oblique complement of sabes","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"sabes","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sabes","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hay","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"verb, impersonal, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the conditional clause (modifies es)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"número","lemma":"número","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"number"}]},{"number":28,"label":"22","id":"el-secuestro-p22-s1","source":"Comentando más tarde esta incidencia, Erdosain decía:","translation":"Commenting later on this incident, Erdosain would say:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p22-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comentando","lemma":"comentar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on decía","gloss":"Commenting"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tarde","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Comentando","gloss":"later","note":"'más tarde' together means 'later.'"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of incidencia","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"incidencia","lemma":"incidencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Comentando","gloss":"incident"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of decía","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would say"}]},{"number":29,"label":"23","id":"el-secuestro-p23-s1","source":"«Puede afirmarse que hay un instinto del crimen, un instinto que le permite a uno mentir instantáneamente sin temor a incurrir en contradicciones, un instinto que es como el impulso de conservación y que en el momento más agudo de la lucha le permite encontrar recursos de salvación casi inverosímiles».","translation":"\"One may say there is an instinct for crime, an instinct that lets a man lie instantly without fear of falling into contradictions, an instinct that is like the urge for self-preservation and that, at the sharpest moment of the struggle, lets him find means of escape that are almost beyond belief.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p23-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Puede afirmarse","title":"Impersonal/passive «se»","body":"«se» plus a third-person verb makes an impersonal or passive statement with no named agent: «puede afirmarse» = 'it can be asserted', 'one may say'. It is the standard way Spanish states something generally true without saying who is doing it."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"le permite a uno","title":"«uno» as generic 'one'","body":"«uno» (or «una») is the impersonal 'one / a person / you-in-general': «le permite a uno mentir» = 'lets one lie'. The pronoun «le» and the «a uno» double up, as Spanish likes to do with indirect objects."}],"words":[{"surface":"Puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of afirmarse","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"afirmarse","lemma":"afirmarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, impersonal reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be said"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hay","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"verb, impersonal, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of afirmarse","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instinto","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"instinto","lemma":"instinto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"instinct"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crimen","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies instinto","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instinto","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"instinto","lemma":"instinto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to instinto (direct object of hay)","gloss":"instinct"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of permite","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of permite","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"permite","lemma":"permitir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying instinto","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uno","gloss":"(dative a, doubling le)","note":"untranslatable marker doubling the dative 'le' before 'uno.'"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of permite","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"mentir","lemma":"mentir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of permite","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"instantáneamente","lemma":"instantáneamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mentir","gloss":"instantly"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking temor","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"temor","lemma":"temor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mentir","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of incurrir","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"incurrir","lemma":"incurrir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying temor","gloss":"falling into"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking contradicciones","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"contradicciones","lemma":"contradicción","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of incurrir","gloss":"contradictions"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instinto","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"instinto","lemma":"instinto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to instinto (direct object of hay)","gloss":"instinct"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to impulso","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"introduces predicate impulso (comparison)","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of impulso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"impulso","lemma":"impulso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of es (via como)","gloss":"urge"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conservación","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"conservación","lemma":"conservación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies impulso","gloss":"self-preservation"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of permite","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of permite","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies agudo","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"agudo","lemma":"agudo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies momento","gloss":"sharpest"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lucha","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lucha","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lucha","lemma":"lucha","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies momento","gloss":"struggle"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of permite","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"permite","lemma":"permitir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with es (que es como el impulso de conservación)","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"encontrar","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of permite","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"recursos","lemma":"recurso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of encontrar","gloss":"means"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking salvación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"salvación","lemma":"salvación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies recursos","gloss":"escape"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inverosímiles","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"inverosímiles","lemma":"inverosímil","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies recursos","gloss":"unbelievable"}]},{"number":30,"label":"24","id":"el-secuestro-p24-s1","source":"Erdosain levantó la vista y con un aplomo inesperado para él y sorprendente después, le contestó:","translation":"Erdosain raised his eyes and, with a composure unexpected in him and surprising afterward, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p24-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vista","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vista","lemma":"vista","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of levantó","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aplomo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aplomo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"aplomo","lemma":"aplomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of contestó","gloss":"composure"},{"surface":"inesperado","lemma":"inesperado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies aplomo","gloss":"unexpected"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, masculine, singular","role":"object of para (modifies inesperado)","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sorprendente","lemma":"sorprendente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with inesperado (modifies aplomo)","gloss":"surprising"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sorprendente","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of contestó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"contestó","lemma":"contestar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb, coordinated with levantó","gloss":"answered"}]},{"number":31,"label":"25","id":"el-secuestro-p25-s1","source":"–Porque vine ayer a dar vueltas por acá.","translation":"—Because I came around here yesterday to look about.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p25-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"por acá","title":"«acá» vs. «aquí»","body":"In the River Plate «acá» ('here, around here') is the everyday word where other regions prefer «aquí». Likewise «allá» tends to replace «allí». «Dar vueltas por acá» = 'to wander around here'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vine","gloss":"Because"},{"surface":"vine","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I came"},{"surface":"ayer","lemma":"ayer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vine","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dar","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of vine","gloss":"give","note":"'dar vueltas por acá' idiomatically means to walk/wander around here."},{"surface":"vueltas","lemma":"vuelta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of dar","gloss":"turns"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acá","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"acá","lemma":"acá","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of dar","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p25-s2","source":"Quería ver si veía a Elsa.","translation":"I wanted to see if I could spot Elsa.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p25-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quería ver si veía","title":"Imperfect for intention and attempt","body":"Both verbs are imperfect: «quería» softens the want ('I wanted to', less blunt than «quise»), and «veía» frames an open, ongoing trying ('whether I might see'). The imperfect is the tense of unfinished intention here, not of a single completed act."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quería","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I wanted"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of Quería","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of veía","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"veía","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of ver","gloss":"I could see"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Elsa","gloss":"(personal a)","note":"untranslatable marker before a human direct object."},{"surface":"Elsa","lemma":"Elsa","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of veía","gloss":"Elsa"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p25-s3","source":"Barsut lo miró dudando.","translation":"Barsut looked at him doubtfully.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p25-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of miró","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of miró","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"miró","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"dudando","lemma":"dudar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on miró","gloss":"doubtfully"}]},{"number":34,"label":"26","id":"el-secuestro-p26-s1","source":"Hubiera afirmado que Erdosain mentía, pero el amor propio le impedía retroceder, y Erdosain llamando, golpeó fuertemente con las palmas de las manos.","translation":"He would have sworn that Erdosain was lying, but his pride kept him from backing down, and Erdosain, to announce them, clapped hard with the palms of his hands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p26-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"el amor propio","title":"«amor propio»","body":"«amor propio» is not 'self-love' in a vain sense but 'pride, self-respect, sense of dignity' — the feeling that makes you refuse to back down or admit you were wrong. Here it stops Barsut from retreating even though he suspects a lie."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of afirmado","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"afirmado","lemma":"afirmar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sworn"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mentía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of mentía","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"mentía","lemma":"mentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of afirmado","gloss":"was lying"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of amor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of impedía","gloss":"pride","note":"'amor propio' is an idiom for pride/self-esteem, literally 'one's own love.'"},{"surface":"propio","lemma":"propio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies amor","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of impedía","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"impedía","lemma":"impedir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause (contrasted with afirmado by pero)","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"retroceder","lemma":"retroceder","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of impedía","gloss":"backing down"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of golpeó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"llamando","lemma":"llamar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on golpeó","gloss":"calling out"},{"surface":"golpeó","lemma":"golpear","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with impedía (second main verb, via y)","gloss":"clapped"},{"surface":"fuertemente","lemma":"fuertemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies golpeó","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palmas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palmas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"palmas","lemma":"palma","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of golpeó","gloss":"palms"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies palmas","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":35,"label":"27","id":"el-secuestro-p27-s1","source":"Tapándole hasta la mitad del rostro el ancha ala de un sombrero de paja, y en mangas de camisa, se detuvo frente al portón de alambre pintado de rojo el Hombre que vio a la Partera.","translation":"The broad brim of a straw hat covering half his face, and in his shirtsleeves, the Man Who Saw the Midwife stopped before the red-painted wire gate.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p27-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"en mangas de camisa","title":"«en mangas de camisa»","body":"A fixed phrase: 'in shirtsleeves', i.e. with no jacket, the sleeves showing. «manga» is 'sleeve'. The detail marks the man as informal, at home, a worker rather than a visitor."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tapándole","lemma":"tapar él","morphology":"verb, gerund, with enclitic pronoun \"le\"","role":"adverbial (gerund) clause on detuvo","gloss":"covering him"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mitad","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mitad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mitad","lemma":"mitad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Tapándole","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rostro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mitad","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular (euphonic 'el' before stressed a-)","role":"determiner of ala","gloss":"the","note":"Feminine nouns like 'ala' can take 'el' for euphony before a stressed a- sound; unusual here with the adjective 'ancha' between them."},{"surface":"ancha","lemma":"ancho","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ala","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ala","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Tapándole","gloss":"brim"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sombrero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sombrero","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sombrero","lemma":"sombrero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ala","gloss":"hat"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paja","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"paja","lemma":"paja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sombrero","gloss":"straw"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mangas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mangas","lemma":"manga","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of detuvo","gloss":"shirtsleeves"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking camisa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"camisa","lemma":"camisa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mangas","gloss":"shirt"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of detuvo","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"detuvo","lemma":"detener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente a","morphology":"preposition (part of frente al)","role":"preposition marking portón (with al)","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"contraction (preposition + determiner), masculine, singular","role":"combines with frente to introduce portón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"portón","lemma":"portón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of detuvo","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alambre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alambre","lemma":"alambre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies portón","gloss":"wire"},{"surface":"pintado","lemma":"pintado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies portón","gloss":"painted"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rojo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"rojo","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pintado","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Hombre","lemma":"Hombre","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of detuvo","gloss":"Man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of vio","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"vio","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Hombre","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Partera","gloss":"(personal a)","note":"untranslatable marker before a human direct object."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Partera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Partera","lemma":"Partera","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of vio","gloss":"Midwife"}]},{"number":36,"label":"28","id":"el-secuestro-p28-s1","source":"–¿Está la señora? –preguntó Barsut.","translation":"—Is the lady in? asked Barsut.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p28-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿Está la señora?","title":"«estar» for presence","body":"«estar» (not «ser») is used for being-present or being-located: «¿Está la señora?» = 'Is the lady here / in?'. «ser» would ask about identity or essence instead."}],"words":[{"surface":"Está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is in","note":"Estar used alone here means 'to be in/home,' answering the implicit question 'is she in?'"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of señora","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"señora","lemma":"señora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Está","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"preguntó","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of preguntó","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":37,"label":"29","id":"el-secuestro-p29-s1","source":"Bromberg, sin contestar, corrió el cerrojo y abrió el portón: luego se internó en un sendero que torcía hacia la casa entre el eucaliptal, y los dos hombres lo siguieron.","translation":"Bromberg, without answering, slid the bolt and opened the gate: then he started up a path that wound toward the house through the eucalyptus grove, and the two men followed him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p29-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"el eucaliptal","title":"Collective «-al»","body":"The suffix «-al» turns a tree name into the place where they grow in a stand: «eucalipto» → «eucaliptal», 'eucalyptus grove'. Compare «naranjo» → «naranjal» ('orange grove'), «caña» → «cañaveral» ('reed bed')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bromberg","lemma":"Bromberg","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of corrió","gloss":"Bromberg"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of contestar","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"contestar","lemma":"contestar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on corrió","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"corrió","lemma":"correr","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"slid","note":"Correr el cerrojo/candado is an idiom meaning 'to slide/shoot the bolt.'"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cerrojo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cerrojo","lemma":"cerrojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of corrió","gloss":"bolt"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"abrió","lemma":"abrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with corrió","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of portón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"portón","lemma":"portón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of abrió","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies internó","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of internó","gloss":"himself","note":"Internarse (not simply 'enter') means to make one's way into/penetrate; se is part of the verb, not a literal reflexive."},{"surface":"internó","lemma":"internar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with abrió","gloss":"made his way"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sendero","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sendero","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sendero","lemma":"sendero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of internó","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of torcía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"torcía","lemma":"torcer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying sendero","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of torcía","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eucaliptal","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of eucaliptal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eucaliptal","lemma":"eucaliptal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of torcía","gloss":"eucalyptus grove"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies hombres","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of siguieron","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of siguieron","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"siguieron","lemma":"seguir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with internó","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p29-s2","source":"Repentinamente una voz gritó:","translation":"Suddenly a voice shouted:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p29-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Repentinamente","lemma":"repentinamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gritó","gloss":"Suddenly"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voz","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"voz","lemma":"voz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of gritó","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"gritó","lemma":"gritar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shouted"}]},{"number":39,"label":"30","id":"el-secuestro-p30-s1","source":"–¿Dónde van ustedes?","translation":"—Where are you going?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p30-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ustedes","title":"«ustedes» as plural 'you'","body":"Latin American Spanish has no «vosotros»: «ustedes» is the only plural 'you', used for both formal and familiar, and it takes third-person plural verbs («van»). «¿Dónde van ustedes?» = 'Where are you (all) going?'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"oblique complement of van","gloss":"Where"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"ustedes","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, second-person, plural","role":"subject of van","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":40,"label":"31","id":"el-secuestro-p31-s1","source":"Barsut movió la cabeza.","translation":"Barsut turned his head.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p31-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of movió","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"movió","lemma":"mover","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"his","note":"Spanish uses the definite article with body parts where English uses a possessive ('his head')."},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of movió","gloss":"head"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p31-s2","source":"Bromberg giró sobre los talones, y como si se hubiera roto algún resorte de su brazo, éste se alargó semejante a un rayo.","translation":"Bromberg spun on his heels, and as if some spring in his arm had snapped, the arm shot out like a lightning bolt.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p31-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si se hubiera roto","title":"«como si» + pluperfect subjunctive","body":"For an unreal comparison set in the past, «como si» takes the pluperfect subjunctive: «como si se hubiera roto» = 'as if it had snapped'. The pronominal «se romper» here reads as 'to break / snap (by itself)'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bromberg","lemma":"Bromberg","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of giró","gloss":"Bromberg"},{"surface":"giró","lemma":"girar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spun"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking talones","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of talones","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"talones","lemma":"talón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of giró","gloss":"heels"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of roto","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of roto","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of roto","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of roto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"roto","lemma":"romper","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with giró","gloss":"snapped"},{"surface":"algún","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of resorte","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"resorte","lemma":"resorte","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of roto","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of brazo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"brazo","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies resorte","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of alargó","gloss":"the arm"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of alargó","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"alargó","lemma":"alargar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on giró","gloss":"shot out"},{"surface":"semejante","lemma":"semejante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of alargó","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rayo","gloss":"to","note":"Semejante a means 'like, similar to.'"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rayo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rayo","lemma":"rayo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies semejante","gloss":"lightning bolt"}]},{"number":42,"label":"32","id":"el-secuestro-p32-s1","source":"Barsut abrió la boca en un frenesí de aire, doblándose instantáneamente la parte superior de su cuerpo.","translation":"Barsut opened his mouth in a frenzy for air, the upper part of his body doubling over instantly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p32-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of abrió","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"abrió","lemma":"abrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of boca","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"boca","lemma":"boca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of abrió","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frenesí","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of frenesí","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"frenesí","lemma":"frenesí","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of abrió","gloss":"frenzy"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aire","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"aire","lemma":"aire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies frenesí","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"doblándose","lemma":"doblar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on abrió","gloss":"doubling over"},{"surface":"instantáneamente","lemma":"instantáneamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies doblándose","gloss":"instantly"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of parte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of doblándose","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"superior","lemma":"superior","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies parte","gloss":"upper"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuerpo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cuerpo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cuerpo","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies parte","gloss":"body"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p32-s2","source":"Iba a apretarse el estómago con las manos, pero el brazo de Bromberg dilató el ángulo de otro golpe, y bajo el cross de mandíbula entrechocaron los dientes de Barsut.","translation":"He was about to clutch his stomach with his hands, but Bromberg's arm widened the angle of another blow, and under the cross to the jaw Barsut's teeth clashed together.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p32-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Iba a apretarse","title":"«ir a» + infinitive (past)","body":"«ir a» plus an infinitive is the 'going to' future; in the imperfect it expresses an action on the verge of happening in the past: «iba a apretarse» = 'he was about to clutch'. The «-se» on «apretar» makes it 'clutch (his own) stomach'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of apretarse","gloss":"was about"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of apretarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"apretarse","lemma":"apretar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"clutch"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of estómago","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"estómago","lemma":"estómago","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of apretarse","gloss":"stomach"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of apretarse","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of brazo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazo","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dilató","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Bromberg","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Bromberg","lemma":"Bromberg","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies brazo","gloss":"Bromberg"},{"surface":"dilató","lemma":"dilatar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with apretarse","gloss":"widened"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ángulo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ángulo","lemma":"ángulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dilató","gloss":"angle"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking golpe","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of golpe","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"golpe","lemma":"golpe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ángulo","gloss":"blow"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cross","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cross","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cross","lemma":"cross","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of entrechocaron","gloss":"cross"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mandíbula","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mandíbula","lemma":"mandíbula","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cross","gloss":"jaw"},{"surface":"entrechocaron","lemma":"entrechocar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with dilató","gloss":"clashed together"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dientes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dientes","lemma":"diente","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of entrechocaron","gloss":"teeth"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies dientes","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":44,"label":"33","id":"el-secuestro-p33-s1","source":"Cayó, y aplastado entre el pasto parecía estar muerto, con sus piernas encogidas y los labios ligeramente entreabiertos.","translation":"He fell, and crushed into the grass he seemed to be dead, his legs drawn up and his lips slightly parted.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p33-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"el pasto","title":"«pasto» — grass","body":"In the River Plate «pasto» is the ordinary word for 'grass / lawn', where Peninsular Spanish would say «hierba» or «césped». «Pasto» elsewhere can mean fodder; here it is simply the ground he falls on."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cayó","lemma":"caer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aplastado","lemma":"aplastado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies parecía","gloss":"crushed"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pasto","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pasto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pasto","lemma":"pasto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aplastado","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Cayó","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to muerto","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"muerto","lemma":"muerto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parecía","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piernas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of piernas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"piernas","lemma":"pierna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Cayó","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"encogidas","lemma":"encogido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies piernas","gloss":"drawn up"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of labios","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"labios","lemma":"labio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with piernas","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"ligeramente","lemma":"ligeramente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies entreabiertos","gloss":"slightly"},{"surface":"entreabiertos","lemma":"entreabierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies labios","gloss":"parted"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p33-s2","source":"Apareció el Astrólogo, y Bromberg, serio, casi triste, se inclinó sobre el caído.","translation":"The Astrologer appeared, and Bromberg, grave, almost sad, bent over the fallen man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p33-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"el caído","title":"Participle as noun","body":"A past participle with an article becomes a noun for the person in that state: «el caído» = 'the fallen one', the man who has fallen. Spanish forms such nouns freely, as with «el herido» ('the wounded man'), «los desaparecidos» ('the disappeared')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Apareció","lemma":"aparecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of Apareció","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Bromberg","lemma":"Bromberg","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of inclinó","gloss":"Bromberg"},{"surface":"serio","lemma":"serio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Bromberg","gloss":"grave"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies triste","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with serio","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of inclinó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"inclinó","lemma":"inclinar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Apareció","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caído","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caído","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caído","lemma":"caído","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of inclinó","gloss":"fallen man"}]},{"number":46,"label":"34","id":"el-secuestro-p34-s1","source":"El Astrólogo lo tomó por la coyuntura de los brazos, con los dedos en garfio bajo los sobacos, y en esta forma lo condujeron hasta la cochera abandonada.","translation":"The Astrologer took him by the joint of the arms, his fingers hooked under the armpits, and in this manner they carried him to the abandoned coach house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p34-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of tomó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tomó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"tomó","lemma":"tomar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coyuntura","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of coyuntura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"coyuntura","lemma":"coyuntura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tomó","gloss":"joint"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies coyuntura","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies coyuntura","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking garfio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"garfio","lemma":"garfio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dedos","gloss":"hook"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sobacos","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sobacos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sobacos","lemma":"sobaco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies dedos","gloss":"armpits"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forma","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of condujeron","gloss":"manner"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of condujeron","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"condujeron","lemma":"conducir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with tomó","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cochera","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cochera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cochera","lemma":"cochera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of condujeron","gloss":"coach house"},{"surface":"abandonada","lemma":"abandonado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cochera","gloss":"abandoned"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p34-s2","source":"Erdosain hizo correr sobre los rodillos el portalón pintado de color ocre, olor de pasto seco y un torbellino de insectos escapó de la tarbea negra.","translation":"Erdosain ran the ochre-painted gate along its rollers, and a smell of dry grass and a whirl of insects escaped from the black gloom within.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p34-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hizo correr","title":"Causative «hacer» + infinitive","body":"«hacer» plus an infinitive means 'to make / cause something to happen': «hizo correr el portalón» = 'he made the gate run', i.e. he ran/slid the gate. The subject causes the action rather than performing it directly."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of hizo","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"hizo","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"correr","lemma":"correr","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hizo","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rodillos","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of rodillos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rodillos","lemma":"rodillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of correr","gloss":"rollers"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of portalón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"portalón","lemma":"portalón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of correr","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"pintado","lemma":"pintado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies portalón","gloss":"painted"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking color","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"color","lemma":"color","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pintado","gloss":"color"},{"surface":"ocre","lemma":"ocre","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies color","gloss":"ochre"},{"surface":"olor","lemma":"olor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of escapó","gloss":"smell"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pasto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pasto","lemma":"pasto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies olor","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"seco","lemma":"seco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pasto","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of torbellino","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"torbellino","lemma":"torbellino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with olor","gloss":"whirl"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking insectos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"insectos","lemma":"insecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies torbellino","gloss":"insects"},{"surface":"escapó","lemma":"escapar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with hizo","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tarbea","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tarbea","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tarbea","lemma":"tarbea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of escapó","gloss":"gloom","note":"Tarbea is a rare/regional word for a dark inner room or shed; rendered here as 'gloom.'"},{"surface":"negra","lemma":"negro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tarbea","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":48,"label":"35","id":"el-secuestro-p35-s1","source":"Introdujeron al desvanecido hasta un box: una gruesa cadena estaba asegurada a uno de los pilares por un candado.","translation":"They brought the unconscious man into a stall: a thick chain was fastened to one of the pillars by a padlock.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p35-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"el desvanecido","title":"«desvanecerse» — to faint","body":"«desvanecerse» means 'to faint, to pass out' (also 'to vanish'). The participle made noun, «el desvanecido», is 'the man who has fainted', the unconscious one — another participle-as-noun, like «el caído» earlier."}],"words":[{"surface":"Introdujeron","lemma":"introducir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desvanecido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desvanecido","lemma":"desvanecido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Introdujeron","gloss":"unconscious man"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking box","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of box","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"box","lemma":"box","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Introdujeron","gloss":"stall"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cadena","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gruesa","lemma":"grueso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cadena","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"cadena","lemma":"cadena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of asegurada","gloss":"chain"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to asegurada","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"asegurada","lemma":"asegurado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fastened"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uno","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of asegurada","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pilares","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pilares","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pilares","lemma":"pilar","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies uno","gloss":"pillars"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking candado","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of candado","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"candado","lemma":"candado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of asegurada","gloss":"padlock"}]},{"number":49,"label":"36","id":"el-secuestro-p36-s1","source":"El Astrólogo aseguró con el extremo de ésta por encima del tobillo, el pie de Barsut, hizo varios nudos con los eslabones, luego lo aseguró con un candado, rechinó éste al abrirse, y Erdosain, enderezándose sobre el caído, dijo mirándolo al Astrólogo:","translation":"With the end of the chain the Astrologer secured Barsut's foot above the ankle, made several knots with the links, then fastened it with a padlock, which screeched as it opened, and Erdosain, straightening up over the fallen man, said, looking at the Astrologer:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p36-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"al abrirse","title":"«al» + infinitive","body":"«al» plus an infinitive means 'on / upon (doing)': «rechinó éste al abrirse» = 'it screeched on opening'. It packs a clause of time into two words. The reflexive «-se» makes «abrir» intransitive — the padlock opens, rather than someone opening it."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of aseguró","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"aseguró","lemma":"asegurar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"secured"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking extremo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of extremo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"extremo","lemma":"extremo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aseguró","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ésta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ésta","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies extremo","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tobillo","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"encima","lemma":"encima","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tobillo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tobillo","lemma":"tobillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aseguró","gloss":"ankle"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pie","lemma":"pie","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of aseguró","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies pie","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"hizo","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with aseguró","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"varios","lemma":"varios","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of nudos","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"nudos","lemma":"nudo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hizo","gloss":"knots"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eslabones","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of eslabones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eslabones","lemma":"eslabón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of hizo","gloss":"links"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aseguró","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of aseguró","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"aseguró","lemma":"asegurar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with hizo","gloss":"fastened"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking candado","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of candado","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"candado","lemma":"candado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aseguró","gloss":"padlock"},{"surface":"rechinó","lemma":"rechinar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with aseguró","gloss":"screeched"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rechinó","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking abrirse","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"abrirse","lemma":"abrir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on rechinó","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"enderezándose","lemma":"enderezar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"straightening up"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caído","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caído","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caído","lemma":"caído","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies enderezándose","gloss":"fallen man"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with rechinó","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"mirándolo","lemma":"mirar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of dijo","gloss":"looking at him"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of mirándolo","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":50,"label":"37","id":"el-secuestro-p37-s1","source":"–¿Ha visto?","translation":"—You see?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p37-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿Ha visto?","title":"Present perfect","body":"«ha visto» is the present perfect: «haber» plus a past participle, 'have seen'. As a tag it works like English 'You see?' / 'Did you notice?'. Note the formal «usted» address implied by the third-person «ha»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visto","gloss":"Have"},{"surface":"visto","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p37-s2","source":"La libreta de cheques no la tiene encima.","translation":"He doesn't have the checkbook on him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p37-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"La libreta... no la tiene","title":"Fronted object + clitic doubling","body":"The object «la libreta de cheques» is moved to the front for emphasis and then echoed by the pronoun «la»: literally 'The checkbook, he doesn't have it on him.' This clitic doubling of a fronted object is normal Spanish word order, not redundancy."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of libreta","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"libreta","lemma":"libreta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"booklet"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cheques","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cheques","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies libreta","gloss":"checks"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"encima","lemma":"encima","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"on him"}]},{"number":52,"label":"38","id":"el-secuestro-p38-s1","source":"Eran las diez de la mañana.","translation":"It was ten in the morning.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p38-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Eran las diez","title":"Telling time with «ser»","body":"Clock time uses «ser» and agrees in number with the hour: «eran las diez» = 'it was ten' (plural, because of «las diez»). The singular «era la una» is used only for one o'clock."}],"words":[{"surface":"Eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to diez","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of diez","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"diez","lemma":"diez","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mañana","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mañana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies diez","gloss":"morning"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p38-s2","source":"El Astrólogo miró el reloj y dijo:","translation":"The Astrologer looked at his watch and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p38-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of miró","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"miró","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of reloj","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"reloj","lemma":"reloj","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of miró","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with miró","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":54,"label":"39","id":"el-secuestro-p39-s1","source":"–Tengo tiempo de tomar el rápido que llega a Rosario a las seis.","translation":"—I have time to catch the express that gets into Rosario at six.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p39-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"el rápido","title":"«el rápido» — the express","body":"«el rápido» (short for «el tren rápido») is 'the express train', one that skips minor stops. Rosario is the major city upriver from Buenos Aires; the Astrologer is heading there to set the plan's alibi in motion."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Tengo","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tomar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tomar","lemma":"tomar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying tiempo","gloss":"catch"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rápido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rápido","lemma":"rápido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tomar","gloss":"express"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of llega","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"llega","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying rápido","gloss":"gets"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rosario","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Rosario","lemma":"Rosario","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of llega","gloss":"Rosario"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking seis","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of seis","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"seis","lemma":"seis","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"oblique complement of llega","gloss":"six"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p39-s2","source":"¿Quiere acompañarme hasta Retiro?","translation":"Will you come with me as far as Retiro?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p39-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you want"},{"surface":"acompañarme","lemma":"acompañar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Quiere","gloss":"come with me"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Retiro","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"Retiro","lemma":"Retiro","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of acompañarme","gloss":"Retiro"}]},{"number":56,"label":"40","id":"el-secuestro-p40-s1","source":"–¿Cómo, va a Rosario?","translation":"—What, you're going to Rosario?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p40-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"exclamation of surprise, independent of the sentence","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are you going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rosario","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Rosario","lemma":"Rosario","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of va","gloss":"Rosario"}]},{"number":57,"label":"41","id":"el-secuestro-p41-s1","source":"–¿Y, si tengo que hacerle el telegrama a la dueña de la pensión?","translation":"—Well, what if I have to send the telegram to the landlady of the boarding house?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p41-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la dueña de la pensión","title":"«pensión» and «dueña»","body":"A «pensión» is a boarding house — cheap lodging with rooms let by the month, a fixture of 1920s Buenos Aires. The «dueña» is its female owner/landlady; «dueño/dueña» is 'owner'. The plan needs her telegraphed to cover Barsut's disappearance."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"discourse marker introducing the question","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tengo","gloss":"what if"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links tengo to hacerle (tener que + infinitive)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacerle","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tengo","gloss":"send it to her"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of telegrama","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"telegrama","lemma":"telegrama","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hacerle","gloss":"telegram"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dueña","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of dueña","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dueña","lemma":"dueña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of hacerle (via a)","gloss":"landlady"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensión","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pensión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pensión","lemma":"pensión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies dueña","gloss":"boarding house"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p41-s2","source":"¿Usted tiene el número?","translation":"Do you have the number?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p41-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of número","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"número","lemma":"número","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"number"}]},{"number":59,"label":"42","id":"el-secuestro-p42-s1","source":"–Sí, todo.","translation":"—Yes, everything.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p42-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Sí","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":60,"label":"43","id":"el-secuestro-p43-s1","source":"–Es lo mejor para apoderarse del equipaje de Barsut sin despertar sospechas.","translation":"—It's the best way to get hold of Barsut's luggage without arousing suspicion.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p43-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"apoderarse de","title":"«apoderarse de»","body":"«apoderarse de» is a pronominal verb meaning 'to seize, to take possession of', always followed by «de» plus its object: «apoderarse del equipaje» = 'to take hold of the luggage'. The reflexive «-se» is fixed and untranslatable here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to mejor","gloss":"it's"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of mejor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mejor","lemma":"mejor","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of apoderarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"apoderarse","lemma":"apoderar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on mejor","gloss":"get hold"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking equipaje","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"equipaje","lemma":"equipaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoderarse","gloss":"luggage"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies equipaje","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of despertar","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"despertar","lemma":"despertar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on apoderarse","gloss":"arousing"},{"surface":"sospechas","lemma":"sospecha","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of despertar","gloss":"suspicion"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p43-s2","source":"¿En la pensión no tiene nada más?","translation":"Is there nothing else of his at the boarding house?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p43-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensión","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pensión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pensión","lemma":"pensión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tiene","gloss":"boarding house"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"else"}]},{"number":62,"label":"44","id":"el-secuestro-p44-s1","source":"–Sí, el baúl y dos muletas.","translation":"—Yes, the trunk and two crutches.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p44-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of baúl","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"baúl","lemma":"baúl","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Sí","gloss":"trunk"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies muletas","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"muletas","lemma":"muleta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with baúl","gloss":"crutches"}]},{"number":63,"label":"45","id":"el-secuestro-p45-s1","source":"–Perfectamente.","translation":"—Perfect.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p45-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perfectamente","lemma":"perfectamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"perfect"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p45-s2","source":"Dejémonos de charlas y vamos al grano.","translation":"Let's drop the chitchat and get to the point.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p45-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ir al grano","title":"«ir al grano»","body":"«ir al grano» is an idiom: literally 'to go to the grain (kernel)', meaning 'to get to the point'. «Dejémonos de charlas» ('let's quit the chatter') is the «nosotros» command of pronominal «dejarse de», 'to cut out, leave off'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dejémonos","lemma":"dejar nosotros","morphology":"verb, imperative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let's drop","note":"Idiom: dejarse de + noun means 'to quit / cut out (something)' — dejémonos de charlas = 'let's cut the chitchat.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking charlas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"charlas","lemma":"charla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Dejémonos","gloss":"chitchat"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vamos","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with Dejémonos","gloss":"let's get"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grano","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"grano","lemma":"grano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vamos","gloss":"point","note":"Idiom: ir al grano = 'to get to the point' (literally 'go to the grain')."}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p45-s3","source":"A las seis estaré en Rosario, le hago el telegrama a la vieja, usted se da una vuelta mañana a las diez y haciéndose el zonzo pregunta si Barsut no llegó todavía a Rosario, y como yo no he llegado, usted agrega que sabe que me han ofrecido un importante empleo, etc., etc.","translation":"At six I'll be in Rosario, I send the old woman the telegram, you swing by tomorrow at ten and, playing dumb, ask whether Barsut still hasn't reached Rosario, and since I haven't arrived, you add that you happen to know I've been offered an important job, and so on, and so on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p45-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"haciéndose el zonzo","title":"«hacerse el zonzo»","body":"«zonzo» is River Plate slang for 'silly, dim, dopey'. «Hacerse el zonzo» = 'to play dumb, act the fool' — the «hacerse el + adjective» pattern means 'to pretend to be'. The Astrologer is coaching Erdosain to feign innocence."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"se da una vuelta","title":"«darse una vuelta»","body":"«darse una vuelta» means 'to swing by, drop in, take a stroll over' somewhere. The pronominal «se» colors it as casual and unhurried — exactly the offhand visit the alibi requires."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking seis","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of seis","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"seis","lemma":"seis","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"oblique complement of estaré","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"estaré","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"I'll be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rosario","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Rosario","lemma":"Rosario","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of estaré","gloss":"Rosario"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hago","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"hago","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"I send"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of telegrama","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"telegrama","lemma":"telegrama","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hago","gloss":"telegram"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vieja","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vieja","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vieja","lemma":"viejo","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of hago","gloss":"old woman"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of da","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of da (idiom: darse una vuelta)","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the third clause","gloss":"swing by","note":"Idiom: darse una vuelta = 'to swing by / stop in for a visit.'"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vuelta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vuelta","lemma":"vuelta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of da","gloss":"visit"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies da","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diez","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of diez","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"diez","lemma":"diez","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"oblique complement of da","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"haciéndose","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on pregunta","gloss":"playing"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of zonzo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zonzo","lemma":"zonzo","morphology":"adjective (substantivized), masculine, singular","role":"direct object of haciéndose","gloss":"fool","note":"Idiom: hacerse el zonzo = 'to play dumb' — zonzo is Rioplatense slang for 'fool/silly.'"},{"surface":"pregunta","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with da","gloss":"asks"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of llegó","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of llegó","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegó","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"llegó","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of pregunta","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"todavía","lemma":"todavía","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegó","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rosario","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Rosario","lemma":"Rosario","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of llegó","gloss":"Rosario"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the adverbial clause modifying agrega","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of llegado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of llegado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"llegado","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the como-clause","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of agrega","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"agrega","lemma":"agregar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"add"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sabe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of agrega","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ofrecido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of ofrecido","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of ofrecido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ofrecido","lemma":"ofrecer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of sabe","gloss":"offered"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of empleo","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"importante","lemma":"importante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies empleo","gloss":"important"},{"surface":"empleo","lemma":"empleo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ofrecido","gloss":"job"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"el-secuestro-p45-s4","source":"¿Qué le parece?","translation":"How does that sound to you?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p45-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿Qué le parece?","title":"«parecer» — to seem","body":"«parecer» ('to seem') works like «gustar»: the thing judged is the subject and the person is an indirect object. «¿Qué le parece?» = literally 'What does it seem to you?', i.e. 'What do you think?' / 'How does it sound?'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of parece","gloss":"what","note":"Idiom: ¿Qué le parece? = 'What do you think? / How does that sound to you?'"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parece","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sound"}]},{"number":67,"label":"46","id":"el-secuestro-p46-s1","source":"–Muy bien.","translation":"—Very good.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p46-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bien","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":68,"label":"47","id":"el-secuestro-p47-s1","source":"A las doce el Astrólogo subía al tren.","translation":"At twelve the Astrologer was boarding the train.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/el-secuestro-p47-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"subía al tren","title":"Imperfect for a closing scene","body":"«subía» is imperfect — not 'he boarded' as a single fact but 'he was boarding', the action held open as the chapter fades out. «subir a» is 'to get on / board' a vehicle; the «a» is required after «subir»."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking doce","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of doce","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"doce","lemma":"doce","morphology":"numeral","role":"oblique complement of subía","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of subía","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"subía","lemma":"subir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was boarding"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tren","gloss":"onto the"},{"surface":"tren","lemma":"tren","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of subía","gloss":"train"}]}]}