{"work":{"slug":"arlt","title":{"source":"Los siete locos","translated":"The Seven Madmen"},"author":"Roberto Arlt","language":"Spanish","languageCode":"es","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"la-coja","title":{"source":"La coja","translated":"The Lame Woman"},"section":"Part Two","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/la-coja","lines":163},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/el-buscador-de-oro","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/en-la-caverna","license":"Source text: public domain (Roberto Arlt, d. 1942). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: this is a minimal seed excerpt to make the app target runnable; full verified content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"la-coja-p1-s1","source":"Ese mismo día, poco antes de llegar Erdosain al último tramo de la escalera en caracol, distinguió, detenida en el rellano, a una señora envuelta en un abrigo de lutre y toca verde, que conversaba con la patrona de la pensión.","translation":"That same day, shortly before Erdosain reached the last flight of the spiral staircase, he made out, stopped on the landing, a lady wrapped in an otter coat and a green hat, who was talking with the landlady of the boarding house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"antes de llegar Erdosain","title":"Infinitive with its own subject","body":"After «antes de», Spanish uses an infinitive rather than a conjugated verb, and it can give that infinitive a subject placed right after it: «antes de llegar Erdosain» = 'before Erdosain arrived'. English needs a full clause with a finite verb here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies día (intensifies Ese)","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies antes","gloss":"shortly"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on distinguió","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of llegar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"llegar","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on antes","gloss":"reaching"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of llegar","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tramo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"último","lemma":"último","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tramo","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"tramo","lemma":"tramo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llegar","gloss":"flight"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escalera","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of escalera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"escalera","lemma":"escalera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tramo","gloss":"staircase"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caracol","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"caracol","lemma":"caracol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies escalera","gloss":"spiral","note":"idiom 'en caracol' = 'spiral' (literally 'snail-shaped')"},{"surface":"distinguió","lemma":"distinguir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he made out"},{"surface":"detenida","lemma":"detenido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies señora (participial phrase)","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rellano","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rellano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rellano","lemma":"rellano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of detenida","gloss":"landing"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking señora","gloss":"(marks person)"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of señora","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"señora","lemma":"señora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of distinguió","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"envuelta","lemma":"envuelto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies señora","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking abrigo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of abrigo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"abrigo","lemma":"abrigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of envuelta","gloss":"coat"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies abrigo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lutre","lemma":"lutre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies abrigo","gloss":"otter","note":"rare word for a fur (otter), matching the translation"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"toca","lemma":"toca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with abrigo","gloss":"hat"},{"surface":"verde","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies toca","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of conversaba","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"conversaba","lemma":"conversar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying señora","gloss":"was talking"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking patrona","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of patrona","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"patrona","lemma":"patrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of conversaba","gloss":"landlady"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensión","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pensión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pensión","lemma":"pensión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies patrona","gloss":"boarding house"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p1-s2","source":"Un «ahí viene» le hizo comprender que era a él a quien esperaban, y al detenerse en el pasillo, la desconocida, volviendo el rostro, ligeramente pecoso, le dijo:","translation":"An \"here he comes\" made him understand that he was the one they were waiting for, and as he stopped in the corridor the stranger, turning her slightly freckled face, said to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p1-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"era a él a quien esperaban","title":"Cleft for emphasis","body":"Spanish foregrounds a phrase by wrapping it in «ser» plus «a quien / el que»: «era a él a quien esperaban» = 'it was him they were waiting for'. The 'personal a' is repeated on both halves («a él», «a quien») because the object is a person."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of the quoted phrase 'ahí viene'","gloss":"An"},{"surface":"ahí","lemma":"ahí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies viene","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"viene","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted exclamation","gloss":"he comes"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hizo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"hizo","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"comprender","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on hizo","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula, main verb of the clause","gloss":"was","note":"cleft construction: 'era a él a quien esperaban' = 'he was the one they were waiting for'"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"(marks person)"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quien","gloss":"(marks person)"},{"surface":"quien","lemma":"quien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of esperaban","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"esperaban","lemma":"esperar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on quien","gloss":"were waiting"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detenerse","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"detenerse","lemma":"detenerse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"he stopped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pasillo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pasillo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pasillo","lemma":"pasillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of detenerse","gloss":"corridor"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of desconocida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desconocida","lemma":"desconocido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"volviendo","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"turning"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"the","note":"'el' is the plain definite article ('the face'); Spanish uses the article with the body part where English implies possession ('her face') — it does not itself mean 'her'"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of volviendo","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"ligeramente","lemma":"ligeramente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pecoso","gloss":"slightly"},{"surface":"pecoso","lemma":"pecoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"freckled"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with hizo","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":3,"label":"2","id":"la-coja-p2-s1","source":"–¿Usted es el señor Erdosain?","translation":"\"Are you Señor Erdosain?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to señor","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of señor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"señor","lemma":"señor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Señor"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to señor (name)","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":4,"label":"3","id":"la-coja-p3-s1","source":"–¿Dónde he visto esta cara? –se preguntó Erdosain al responder afirmativamente a la desconocida, que entonces se presentó:","translation":"\"Where have I seen this face?\" Erdosain asked himself as he answered the stranger in the affirmative, whereupon she introduced herself:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"al responder","title":"«Al» + infinitive","body":"«Al» plus an infinitive means 'on / as (doing something)': «al responder» = 'as he answered'. It packs a whole time clause into two words — one of the most common constructions in Arlt's prose."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of visto","gloss":"Where"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visto","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"visto","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cara","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"cara","lemma":"cara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of visto","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of preguntó (asked himself)","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"preguntó","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of preguntó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking responder","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"responder","lemma":"responder","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on preguntó","gloss":"he answered"},{"surface":"afirmativamente","lemma":"afirmativamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies responder","gloss":"in the affirmative"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desconocida","gloss":"(marks person)"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of desconocida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desconocida","lemma":"desconocida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of responder (dative addressee, doubled by 'a' — cf. pronominal 'le respondió', not 'la respondió')","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of presentó","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies presentó","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of presentó","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"presentó","lemma":"presentar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying desconocida","gloss":"introduced"}]},{"number":5,"label":"4","id":"la-coja-p4-s1","source":"–Soy la esposa del señor Ergueta.","translation":"\"I am Señor Ergueta's wife.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to esposa","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of esposa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esposa","lemma":"esposa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition (de + el)","role":"preposition marking señor","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"señor","lemma":"señor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"title before Ergueta, part of the possessor phrase modifying esposa","gloss":"Señor"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to señor","gloss":"Ergueta"}]},{"number":6,"label":"5","id":"la-coja-p5-s1","source":"–¡Ah! ¿Usted es la Coja! –mas súbitamente, avergonzado de la inconveniencia que asombró a la patrona hasta hacerle mirar los pies a la desconocida, Erdosain se disculpó:","translation":"\"Ah! You're the lame one!\" But suddenly, ashamed of the rudeness that so startled the landlady it made her look down at the stranger's feet, Erdosain apologized:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la Coja","title":"«la Coja»","body":"«cojo/coja» means 'lame', someone who limps. Used with the article as a nickname, «la Coja» = 'the lame woman' — a blunt, almost cruel label. Erdosain blurts it out before catching himself, which is why the landlady instinctively glances at the woman's feet."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"stands alone as an exclamation","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Coja","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Coja","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Coja","lemma":"coja","morphology":"noun (nickname), feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lame one","note":"\"la Coja\" is Hipólita's nickname, \"the lame woman.\""},{"surface":"mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"coordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the following clause (adversative)","gloss":"but","note":"\"mas\" (no accent) = \"but,\" a literary alternative to \"pero.\""},{"surface":"súbitamente","lemma":"súbitamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avergonzado","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"avergonzado","lemma":"avergonzado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Erdosain","gloss":"ashamed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inconveniencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of inconveniencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"inconveniencia","lemma":"inconveniencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of the preposition de, modifying avergonzado","gloss":"rudeness"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of asombró","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"asombró","lemma":"asombrar","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying inconveniencia","gloss":"startled"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition (personal a)","role":"marks patrona as the direct object of asombró","gloss":"(marks object)","note":"Personal \"a\" introduces a human direct object here; it has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of patrona","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"patrona","lemma":"patrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of asombró","gloss":"landlady"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the result clause of hacerle","gloss":"to the point of"},{"surface":"hacerle","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive + dative clitic","role":"result clause on asombró","gloss":"make her"},{"surface":"mirar","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacerle","gloss":"look at"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pies","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pies","lemma":"pie","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of mirar","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition (personal a)","role":"marks whose feet are looked at (dative of possession)","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of desconocida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desconocida","lemma":"desconocida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of mirar (whose feet)","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of disculpó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of disculpó (reflexive)","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"disculpó","lemma":"disculpar","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"apologized"}]},{"number":7,"label":"6","id":"la-coja-p6-s1","source":"–Perdón, estoy aturdido... Usted comprende, no esperaba... ¿quiere pasar?","translation":"\"Sorry, I'm flustered... You understand, I wasn't expecting... would you like to come in?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perdón","lemma":"perdón","morphology":"interjection","role":"stands alone as an exclamation","gloss":"Sorry"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to aturdido","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"aturdido","lemma":"aturdido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"flustered"},{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of comprende","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"comprende","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of its own clause (Usted comprende)","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies esperaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"esperaba","lemma":"esperar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of its own clause (no esperaba)","gloss":"I wasn't expecting"},{"surface":"quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular (usted form)","role":"main verb of its own clause (¿quiere pasar?)","gloss":"do you want"},{"surface":"pasar","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiere","gloss":"to come in"}]},{"number":8,"label":"7","id":"la-coja-p7-s1","source":"Antes de abrir la puerta de su habitación, Erdosain volvió a disculparse por el desorden que encontraría en ella la visita, e Hipólita, sonriendo irónicamente, le replicó:","translation":"Before opening the door of his room, Erdosain apologized again for the mess his visitor would find in it, and Hipólita, smiling ironically, replied:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"volvió a disculparse","title":"«volver a» + infinitive = 'to do again'","body":"«volver a» plus an infinitive expresses repetition: «volvió a disculparse» = 'he apologized again' (literally 'he returned to apologizing'). It is the standard Spanish way to say 'to do something again'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies volvió","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of abrir (\"antes de\" + infinitive)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"abrir","lemma":"abrir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Antes","gloss":"opening"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of abrir","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking habitación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of habitación","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"habitación","lemma":"habitación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies puerta","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of volvió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause, coordinated with replicó","gloss":"went back to"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of disculparse (\"volver a\" + infinitive = to do again)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"disculparse","lemma":"disculpar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"complement of volvió","gloss":"apologize"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desorden","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of desorden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desorden","lemma":"desorden","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volvió","gloss":"mess"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"direct object of encontraría","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"encontraría","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying desorden","gloss":"would find"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ella","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encontraría (refers to habitación)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of visita","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"visita","lemma":"visita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of encontraría","gloss":"visitor"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and","note":"\"e\" replaces \"y\" before a word starting with an \"i\"/\"hi\" sound (Hipólita)."},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of replicó, coordinated with the first clause","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"sonriendo","lemma":"sonreír","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on replicó","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"irónicamente","lemma":"irónicamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sonriendo","gloss":"ironically"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of replicó","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"replicó","lemma":"replicar","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause, coordinated with volvió","gloss":"replied"}]},{"number":9,"label":"8","id":"la-coja-p8-s1","source":"–Está bien, señor.","translation":"\"It's all right, sir.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bien","gloss":"It's"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"all right"},{"surface":"señor","lemma":"señor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"sir"}]},{"number":10,"label":"9","id":"la-coja-p9-s1","source":"Sin embargo a Erdosain le irritaba la mirada fría que filtraba las transparentes pupilas verdegrises de la mujer.","translation":"Yet Erdosain was irritated by the cold gaze that filtered through the woman's transparent green-gray pupils.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"a Erdosain le irritaba la mirada","title":"The 'gustar'-type construction","body":"Like «gustar», «irritar» here takes the thing as grammatical subject and the person as an indirect object: «a Erdosain le irritaba la mirada» = literally 'the gaze irritated to Erdosain', i.e. 'the gaze irritated Erdosain'. The verb agrees with «la mirada», not with the person."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition (part of \"sin embargo\")","role":"adverbial phrase modifying the sentence","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular (part of \"sin embargo\")","role":"part of the phrase Sin","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition (personal a)","role":"introduces Erdosain, the dative experiencer","gloss":"(marks object)","note":"Personal \"a\" here introduces Erdosain, clarifying the dative \"le\"; not separately translated."},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of irritaba (dative experiencer, clarifying le)","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of irritaba","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"irritaba","lemma":"irritar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"irritated"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of irritaba","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"fría","lemma":"frío","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of filtraba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"filtraba","lemma":"filtrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying mirada","gloss":"filtered through"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of pupilas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"transparentes","lemma":"transparente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies pupilas","gloss":"transparent"},{"surface":"pupilas","lemma":"pupila","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of filtraba (the path it filtered through)","gloss":"pupils"},{"surface":"verdegrises","lemma":"verdegrís","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies pupilas","gloss":"green-gray"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mujer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pupilas","gloss":"woman"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p9-s2","source":"Y pensó: –Debe ser una perversa –pues había reparado que bajo la toca verde, el cabello rojo de Hipólita se alisaba a lo largo de las sienes en dos lisos bandos que cubrían la punta de sus orejas.","translation":"And he thought: \"She must be a wicked woman,\" for he had noticed that under the green hat Hipólita's red hair was smoothed along her temples into two flat bands that covered the tips of her ears.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p9-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Debe ser","title":"«deber» = obligation vs. probability","body":"«deber» plus an infinitive expresses likely inference: «debe ser una perversa» = 'she must be a wicked woman' (a guess). Spanish often distinguishes this from obligation by adding «de» — «debe de ser» — but in speech, as here, plain «debe ser» commonly carries the 'must be / probably is' sense."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies pensó","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"pensó","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he thought"},{"surface":"Debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"modal auxiliary of ser","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to perversa","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of perversa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"perversa","lemma":"perverso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of pensó","gloss":"wicked woman"},{"surface":"pues","lemma":"pues","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of reparado","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of reparado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"reparado","lemma":"reparar","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the pues clause","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of alisaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking toca","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of toca","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"toca","lemma":"toca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of alisaba","gloss":"cap"},{"surface":"verde","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies toca","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cabello","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabello","lemma":"cabello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of alisaba","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"rojo","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cabello","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hipólita","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies cabello","gloss":"Hipólita's"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive/passive","role":"passive-reflexive particle of alisaba","gloss":"was","note":"Passive \"se\": \"se alisaba\" = \"was smoothed,\" not literally \"smoothed itself.\""},{"surface":"alisaba","lemma":"alisar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of reparado","gloss":"smoothed"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition (part of idiom \"a lo largo de\")","role":"part of the idiom \"a lo largo de\" (along), preposition marking sienes","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"neuter article (part of idiom \"a lo largo de\")","role":"part of the idiom \"a lo largo de\"","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"largo","lemma":"largo","morphology":"noun (part of idiom \"a lo largo de\")","role":"part of the idiom \"a lo largo de\"","gloss":"length"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition (part of idiom \"a lo largo de\")","role":"part of the idiom \"a lo largo de\"","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of sienes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sienes","lemma":"sien","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of alisaba","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bandos","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies bandos","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"lisos","lemma":"liso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies bandos","gloss":"flat"},{"surface":"bandos","lemma":"bandó","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of alisaba","gloss":"bands","note":"\"bandós\" = flat bands/waves of hair (from French \"bandeau\"), not \"bando\" (political faction)."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of cubrían","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cubrían","lemma":"cubrir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying bandos","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of punta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"punta","lemma":"punta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cubrían","gloss":"tip"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orejas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of orejas","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"orejas","lemma":"oreja","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies punta","gloss":"ears"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p9-s3","source":"Volvió a observar sus pestañas fijas y rojas y los labios que parecían inflamados en la sonrojada morbidez del rostro pecoso.","translation":"He looked again at her motionless red lashes and her lips, which seemed inflamed against the flushed softness of her freckled face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p9-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (\"volver a\" + infinitive = to do again)","gloss":"went back to"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of observar","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"observar","lemma":"observar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Volvió","gloss":"looking at"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pestañas","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"pestañas","lemma":"pestaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Volvió","gloss":"eyelashes"},{"surface":"fijas","lemma":"fijo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies pestañas","gloss":"motionless"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rojas","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with fijas","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of labios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"labios","lemma":"labio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with pestañas","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of parecían","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"parecían","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying labios","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"inflamados","lemma":"inflamado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of parecían","gloss":"inflamed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking morbidez","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of morbidez","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sonrojada","lemma":"sonrojado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies morbidez","gloss":"flushed"},{"surface":"morbidez","lemma":"morbidez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of parecían","gloss":"softness"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition (de + el)","role":"preposition marking rostro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies morbidez","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"pecoso","lemma":"pecoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"freckled"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p9-s4","source":"Y se dijo: –¡Qué distinta a la de la fotografía!","translation":"And he said to himself: \"How different from the one in the photograph!\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p9-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dijo","gloss":"to himself"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"exclamative determiner","role":"modifies distinta","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"distinta","lemma":"distinto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of dijo","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking la","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition a (elliptical for \"la mujer\")","gloss":"the one","note":"\"la\" here stands alone for \"la [mujer]\" — \"the one [in the photo].\""},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fotografía","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fotografía","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fotografía","lemma":"fotografía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies la","gloss":"photograph"}]},{"number":14,"label":"10","id":"la-coja-p10-s1","source":"Ella, detenida ante él, le observaba como diciéndose:","translation":"She, stopped in front of him, watched him as if saying to herself:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of observaba","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"detenida","lemma":"detenido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Ella","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of detenida","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative form, singular","role":"direct object of observaba (leísmo)","gloss":"him","note":"\"le\" is used here as a direct object referring to a man (leísmo), not as a true dative."},{"surface":"observaba","lemma":"observar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of diciéndose","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"diciéndose","lemma":"decir él","morphology":"verb, gerund + reflexive clitic","role":"complement of observaba","gloss":"saying to herself"}]},{"number":15,"label":"11","id":"la-coja-p11-s1","source":"–Este es el hombre –y él, inmediato a la mujer, sentía su presencia sin comprenderla, como si ella no existiera o estuviera distante de él por muchas leguas del rumbo interior.","translation":"\"This is the man,\" and he, right beside the woman, felt her presence without understanding it, as if she did not exist or were many leagues distant from him along some inner road.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si ella no existiera o estuviera distante","title":"«como si» + past subjunctive","body":"«como si» ('as if') always takes the imperfect subjunctive for an unreal comparison: «como si ella no existiera o estuviera distante» = 'as if she did not exist or were distant'. English mirrors this with its own 'were'-subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Este","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to hombre","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sentía","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"inmediato","lemma":"inmediato","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies él","gloss":"right beside"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mujer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies inmediato","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"sentía","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause (coordinated with es via y)","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of presencia","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"presencia","lemma":"presencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sentía","gloss":"presence"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of comprenderla","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"comprenderla","lemma":"comprender él","morphology":"verb, infinitive + clitic","role":"clause modifying presencia","gloss":"understanding it"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction (part of \"como si\")","role":"introduces the clause of existiera","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction (part of \"como si\")","role":"introduces the clause of existiera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of existiera","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existiera","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"existiera","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the como si clause","gloss":"existed"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"estuviera","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with existiera","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"distante","lemma":"distante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies estuviera","gloss":"distant"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies distante","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking leguas","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"muchas","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of leguas","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"leguas","lemma":"legua","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of estuviera","gloss":"leagues"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition (de + el)","role":"preposition marking rumbo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"rumbo","lemma":"rumbo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies leguas","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"interior","lemma":"interior","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies rumbo","gloss":"inner"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p11-s2","source":"Sin embargo, estaba allí y era preciso decir algo, y no ocurriéndosele otra cosa, dijo, después de encender la luz y ofrecerle una silla a la señora, ocupando él el sofá:","translation":"Yet she was there and something had to be said, and since nothing else occurred to him, he spoke—after turning on the light and offering the lady a chair, while he himself took the sofa:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p11-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no ocurriéndosele otra cosa","title":"«ocurrírsele algo a alguien»","body":"«ocurrírsele» means 'to come to one's mind': «no se le ocurría otra cosa» = 'nothing else came to him'. In the gerund the pronouns stack onto the verb: «ocurriéndosele» = «ocurriendo» + «se» (the verb) + «le» (to him), 'nothing else occurring to him'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition (part of \"sin embargo\")","role":"adverbial phrase modifying the sentence","gloss":"Yet"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular (part of \"sin embargo\")","role":"part of the phrase Sin","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estaba","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to preciso","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"preciso","lemma":"preciso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with estaba","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on preciso","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of decir","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ocurriéndosele","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ocurriéndosele","lemma":"ocurrir él","morphology":"verb, gerund + dative clitic","role":"adverbial gerund clause modifying dijo","gloss":"occurring to him","note":"\"ocurrírsele algo a alguien\" = \"something occurs to someone\" — a dative-experiencer construction like \"gustar.\""},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ocurriéndosele","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he said"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of encender","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"encender","lemma":"encender","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on después","gloss":"turning on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luz","lemma":"luz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of encender","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ofrecerle","lemma":"ofrecer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive + dative clitic","role":"coordinated with encender","gloss":"offering her"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of silla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"silla","lemma":"silla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ofrecerle","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking señora","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of señora","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"señora","lemma":"señora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of ofrecerle","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"ocupando","lemma":"ocupar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial gerund clause modifying dijo (parallel action)","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ocupando","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sofá","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sofá","lemma":"sofá","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ocupando","gloss":"sofa"}]},{"number":17,"label":"12","id":"la-coja-p12-s1","source":"–¿Así que usted es la esposa de Ergueta? Muy bien.","translation":"\"So you're Ergueta's wife? Very good.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Así que","title":"«Así que» = 'so / so then'","body":"At the head of a question, «así que» means 'so' or 'so then', drawing a conclusion from what was just said: «¿Así que usted es la esposa de Ergueta?» = 'So you're Ergueta's wife?'. Erdosain repeats this phrase like a nervous tic throughout the scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb (part of \"así que\")","role":"introduces the clause (así que = so)","gloss":"So"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction (part of \"así que\")","role":"part of the phrase Así","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to esposa","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of esposa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esposa","lemma":"esposa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ergueta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies esposa","gloss":"Ergueta's"},{"surface":"Muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bien","gloss":"Very"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":18,"label":"13","id":"la-coja-p13-s1","source":"No terminaba de comprender qué es lo que hacía esa vida implantada de pronto en su desconcierto.","translation":"He could not quite grasp what this life, suddenly planted in the middle of his bewilderment, was doing there.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"No terminaba de comprender","title":"«no terminar de» + infinitive","body":"«no terminar de» plus an infinitive means 'not to manage to / not quite to' do something: «no terminaba de comprender» = 'he couldn't quite understand'. The imperfect «terminaba» keeps it an ongoing, unresolved state."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies terminaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"terminaba","lemma":"terminar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could not quite"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of comprender","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"comprender","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of terminaba","gloss":"grasp"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of comprender","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"neuter pronoun (part of \"lo que\")","role":"part of the compound relative pronoun \"lo que\" (direct object of hacía)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun (part of \"lo que\")","role":"part of the compound relative pronoun \"lo que\" (direct object of hacía)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"was doing"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hacía","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"implantada","lemma":"implantado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"planted"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition (part of idiom \"de pronto\")","role":"part of the idiom \"de pronto\" (suddenly), modifies implantada","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb (part of idiom \"de pronto\")","role":"part of the idiom \"de pronto\" (suddenly)","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desconcierto, modifies implantada","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of desconcierto","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"desconcierto","lemma":"desconcierto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of implantada","gloss":"bewilderment"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p13-s2","source":"Le soliviantaba el alma una ráfaga de curiosidad, pero hubiera querido estar de otro modo, sentirse familiar al semblante de la mujer, cuyas ovaladas líneas tenían algo de rojo del cobre, como esos rayos de sol de lluvia, que en los cuadros de santos brotan en mil haces de entre un pináculo de nubes.","translation":"A gust of curiosity stirred his soul, but he would have wanted to be otherwise, to feel familiar with the woman's face, whose oval lines had something of the red of copper, like those rays of rainy sunlight that in paintings of saints burst out in a thousand shafts from a pinnacle of clouds.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p13-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hubiera querido","title":"Past perfect subjunctive as conditional","body":"«hubiera querido» ('he would have wanted') is the pluperfect subjunctive used to state an unrealized wish about the past. In Spanish this form frequently replaces the conditional perfect «habría querido» with no change in meaning."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of soliviantaba","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"soliviantaba","lemma":"soliviantar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of soliviantaba","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ráfaga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ráfaga","lemma":"ráfaga","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of soliviantaba","gloss":"gust"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking curiosidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"curiosidad","lemma":"curiosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ráfaga","gloss":"curiosity"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of querido","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"querido","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with soliviantaba","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of querido","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking modo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of modo","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estar","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"sentirse","lemma":"sentir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of querido","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"familiar","lemma":"familiar","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of sentirse","gloss":"familiar"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking semblante","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"semblante","lemma":"semblante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies familiar","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mujer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies semblante","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"cuyas","lemma":"cuyo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies líneas","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"ovaladas","lemma":"ovalado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies líneas","gloss":"oval"},{"surface":"líneas","lemma":"línea","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of tenían","gloss":"lines"},{"surface":"tenían","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying mujer","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of tenían","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rojo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"rojo","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cobre","lemma":"cobre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rojo","gloss":"copper"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with rayos","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of rayos","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"rayos","lemma":"rayo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"complement of como (comparison)","gloss":"rays"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sol","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rayos","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lluvia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lluvia","lemma":"lluvia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sol","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of brotan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuadros","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cuadros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cuadros","lemma":"cuadro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of brotan","gloss":"paintings"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking santos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"santos","lemma":"santo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cuadros","gloss":"saints"},{"surface":"brotan","lemma":"brotar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying rayos","gloss":"burst out"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking haces","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"determiner of haces","gloss":"a thousand"},{"surface":"haces","lemma":"haz","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of brotan","gloss":"shafts","note":"The parser tagged this as the verb “hacer” (you make), but here “haces” is the plural of the noun “haz” (shaft/bundle) — “mil haces” = “a thousand shafts [of light].”"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the compound preposition de entre, modifies brotan","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pináculo","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pináculo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pináculo","lemma":"pináculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of brotan","gloss":"pinnacle"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nubes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nubes","lemma":"nube","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies pináculo","gloss":"clouds"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p13-s3","source":"Y se decía:","translation":"And he kept saying to himself:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p13-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of decía","gloss":"to himself"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kept saying"}]},{"number":21,"label":"14","id":"la-coja-p14-s1","source":"–Yo estoy aquí, pero mi alma, ¿dónde está? –Y tornó a decir–: ¿Así que usted es la esposa de Ergueta? Muy bien.","translation":"\"I am here, but my soul—where is it?\" And he said once more: \"So you're Ergueta's wife? Very good.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p14-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tornó a decir","title":"«tornar a» + infinitive","body":"«tornar a» plus an infinitive is a more literary equivalent of «volver a», meaning 'to do again': «tornó a decir» = 'he said again'. It lends the line a slightly old-fashioned, formal ring."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of estoy","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estoy","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of está","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estoy","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous clause","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"tornó","lemma":"tornar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned","note":"«Tornar a» + infinitive is a literary idiom meaning 'to do (something) again' — tornó a decir = 'said once more.'"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of decir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tornó","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of es","gloss":"So","note":"«Así que» together means 'so.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Así","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to esposa","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of esposa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esposa","lemma":"esposa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ergueta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies esposa","gloss":"Ergueta"},{"surface":"Muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bien","gloss":"Very"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":22,"label":"15","id":"la-coja-p15-s1","source":"Ella, que se había cruzado de piernas, estiró el borde de su vestido mucho más abajo de su rodilla, la tela se frunció entre sus dedos sonrosados, y levantando la cabeza como si le costara un gran esfuerzo ese movimiento en la extrañeza de un ambiente que no conocía, dijo:","translation":"She, who had crossed her legs, tugged the hem of her dress well below her knee, the fabric gathered between her rosy fingers, and lifting her head as if that movement cost her a great effort in the strangeness of a setting she did not know, she said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p15-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se había cruzado de piernas","title":"Pronominal verb of body posture","body":"«cruzarse de piernas» ('to cross one's legs') uses the reflexive «se» because the action is done to one's own body. The «de» links the verb to the body part: literally 'to cross oneself of legs'. Spanish prefers this over a possessive ('her legs')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of estiró","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of cruzado","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of cruzado","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of cruzado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"cruzado","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying Ella","gloss":"crossed","note":"'Cruzarse de piernas' is an idiom for 'to cross one's legs.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piernas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"piernas","lemma":"pierna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cruzado","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"estiró","lemma":"estirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tugged"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of borde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"borde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of estiró","gloss":"hem"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vestido","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vestido","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"vestido","lemma":"vestido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies borde","gloss":"dress"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abajo","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abajo","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"abajo","lemma":"abajo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estiró","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rodilla","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of rodilla","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"rodilla","lemma":"rodilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of abajo","gloss":"knee"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tela","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"tela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of frunció","gloss":"fabric"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of frunció","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"frunció","lemma":"fruncir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estiró","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of frunció","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"sonrosados","lemma":"sonrosado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies dedos","gloss":"rosy"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"levantando","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"lifting"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of levantando","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of costara","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of costara","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of costara","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"costara","lemma":"costar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on levantando","gloss":"cost"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of esfuerzo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"gran","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies esfuerzo","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"esfuerzo","lemma":"esfuerzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of costara","gloss":"effort"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of movimiento","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"movimiento","lemma":"movimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of costara","gloss":"movement"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking extrañeza","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of extrañeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"extrañeza","lemma":"extrañeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of costara","gloss":"strangeness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ambiente","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ambiente","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ambiente","lemma":"ambiente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies extrañeza","gloss":"setting"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of conocía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conocía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"conocía","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying ambiente","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with frunció","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":23,"label":"16","id":"la-coja-p16-s1","source":"–Es preciso que haga usted algo por mi marido. Se ha vuelto loco.","translation":"\"You must do something for my husband. He has gone mad.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p16-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Es preciso que haga usted algo","title":"Impersonal expression + subjunctive","body":"Impersonal phrases of necessity like «es preciso que» ('it is necessary that') trigger the subjunctive in the following clause: «que haga usted algo» = 'that you do something'. «haga» is the present subjunctive of «hacer»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to preciso","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"preciso","lemma":"preciso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of haga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"haga","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on preciso","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of haga","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of haga","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marido","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of marido","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"marido","lemma":"marido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of haga","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of vuelto","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of vuelto","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"vuelto","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of vuelto","gloss":"mad"}]},{"number":24,"label":"17","id":"la-coja-p17-s1","source":"–Mi curiosidad no ha recibido ningún gran golpe –se dijo Erdosain, y satisfecho de mantenerse insensible como uno de esos banqueros de las novelas de Xavier de Montepin, agregó, con la alegría interior de poder representar la comedia del hombre impasible–: ¿Así que se ha vuelto loco? –pero de pronto, comprendiendo que no podría prolongar ese papel, dijo–: ¿Se da cuenta usted, señora?","translation":"\"My curiosity has taken no great blow,\" Erdosain said to himself, and pleased to keep himself unmoved like one of those bankers in the novels of Xavier de Montepin, he added, with the inner delight of being able to play the comedy of the impassive man: \"So he's gone mad?\" But suddenly, realizing he could not keep up that role, he said: \"Do you realize, ma'am?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of curiosidad","gloss":"My"},{"surface":"curiosidad","lemma":"curiosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of recibido","gloss":"curiosity"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies recibido","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of recibido","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"recibido","lemma":"recibir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of dijo","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"ningún","lemma":"ninguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of golpe","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"gran","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies golpe","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"golpe","lemma":"golpe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of recibido","gloss":"blow"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dijo","gloss":"to himself"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"satisfecho","lemma":"satisfecho","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective describing the subject of agregó","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of mantenerse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mantenerse","lemma":"mantener él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of satisfecho","gloss":"keep himself"},{"surface":"insensible","lemma":"insensible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of mantenerse","gloss":"unmoved"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with uno","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of como (comparison)","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking banqueros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of banqueros","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"banqueros","lemma":"banquero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies uno","gloss":"bankers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking novelas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of novelas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"novelas","lemma":"novela","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies banqueros","gloss":"novels"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Xavier","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Xavier","lemma":"Xavier","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies novelas","gloss":"Xavier"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the name Xavier de Montepin","gloss":"de"},{"surface":"Montepin","lemma":"Montepin","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Xavier","gloss":"Montepin"},{"surface":"agregó","lemma":"agregar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parallel clause to dijo","gloss":"added"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alegría","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of alegría","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alegría","lemma":"alegría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of agregó","gloss":"delight"},{"surface":"interior","lemma":"interior","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies alegría","gloss":"inner"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of representar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"poder","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of representar","gloss":"to be able"},{"surface":"representar","lemma":"representar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying alegría","gloss":"play"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of comedia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"comedia","lemma":"comedia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of representar","gloss":"comedy"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies comedia","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"impasible","lemma":"impasible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"impassive"},{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of vuelto","gloss":"So","note":"«Así que» together means 'so.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Así","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of vuelto","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of vuelto","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"vuelto","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of agregó","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of vuelto","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"suddenly","note":"«De pronto» is a fixed phrase meaning 'suddenly, all at once.'"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"comprendiendo","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"realizing"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of comprendiendo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies prolongar","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"podría","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of prolongar","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"prolongar","lemma":"prolongar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of comprendiendo","gloss":"keep up"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of papel","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"papel","lemma":"papel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of prolongar","gloss":"role"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parallel clause to dijo","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of da","gloss":"yourself","note":"'¿Se da cuenta?' is the idiom darse cuenta ('to realize'); se is the reflexive dative, here for formal usted."},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of dijo","gloss":"realize"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with da","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of da","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"señora","lemma":"señora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to usted","gloss":"ma'am"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p17-s2","source":"Me da una noticia extraordinaria, y sin embargo he permanecido impasible.","translation":"You give me extraordinary news, and yet I've stayed completely impassive.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of da","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noticia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"noticia","lemma":"noticia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of da","gloss":"news"},{"surface":"extraordinaria","lemma":"extraordinario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies noticia","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom sin embargo, modifies permanecido","gloss":"yet","note":"'sin embargo' is a fixed idiom meaning 'however/nevertheless'; rendered here as 'yet.'"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom sin embargo","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of permanecido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"permanecido","lemma":"permanecer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with da","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"impasible","lemma":"impasible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of permanecido","gloss":"impassive"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p17-s3","source":"Me duele estar así, vacío de toda emoción; quisiera sentir algo y estoy como un adoquín.","translation":"It hurts me to be like this, empty of all emotion; I'd like to feel something and I'm like a paving stone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quisiera sentir algo","title":"«quisiera» as a softened wish","body":"«quisiera» is the imperfect subjunctive of «querer» used as a polite, wistful conditional: 'I would like / I wish'. It is softer and more longing than «quiero» ('I want') — perfect for Erdosain's yearning to feel anything at all."}],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of duele","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"duele","lemma":"doler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hurts"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to así","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of estar","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"vacío","lemma":"vacío","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective, coordinated with así","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking emoción","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of emoción","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"emoción","lemma":"emoción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vacío","gloss":"emotion"},{"surface":"quisiera","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with duele","gloss":"would like"},{"surface":"sentir","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quisiera","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of sentir","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to adoquín","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with adoquín","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of adoquín","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"adoquín","lemma":"adoquín","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of como (comparison)","gloss":"paving stone"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p17-s4","source":"Usted tiene que disculparme.","translation":"You'll have to forgive me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the periphrasis tiene que (=have to)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"disculparme","lemma":"disculpar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tiene (tener que + infinitive)","gloss":"forgive me"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p17-s5","source":"No sé lo qué me pasa.","translation":"I don't know what's wrong with me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que (antecedent) with qué, direct object of sé","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of pasa","gloss":"that","note":"Though accented like an interrogative, “qué” here is used with “lo” as the relative ‘that which’ (an older/emphatic spelling of ‘lo que’)."},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pasa","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"pasa","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sé","gloss":"happens"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p17-s6","source":"Usted me disculpará, ¿no?","translation":"You'll forgive me, won't you?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of disculpará","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of disculpará","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"disculpará","lemma":"disculpar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will forgive"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"tag question appended to the sentence ('¿no?' = 'won't you?')","gloss":"won't you"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p17-s7","source":"En otro tiempo, sin embargo, no estaba así.","translation":"Once, though, I wasn't like this.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiempo","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estaba","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom sin embargo, modifies estaba","gloss":"though","note":"'sin embargo' is a fixed idiom meaning 'however/nevertheless'; rendered here as 'though.'"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom sin embargo","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to así","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"like this"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p17-s8","source":"Recuerdo que era alegre como un gorrión.","translation":"I remember I was cheerful as a sparrow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Recuerdo","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to alegre","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"alegre","lemma":"alegre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective of era","gloss":"cheerful"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with gorrión","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gorrión","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gorrión","lemma":"gorrión","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of como (comparison)","gloss":"sparrow"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p17-s9","source":"He ido cambiando poco a poco.","translation":"I've been changing little by little.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"He ido cambiando","title":"«ir» + gerund for gradual change","body":"«ir» plus a gerund expresses a process unfolding step by step: «he ido cambiando» = 'I have been (gradually) changing'. The «ido» (past participle of «ir») places the slow change in the recent past leading up to now."}],"words":[{"surface":"He","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of cambiando","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ido","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"auxiliary of cambiando","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"cambiando","lemma":"cambiar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"changing"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom poco a poco, modifies cambiando","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom poco a poco","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom poco a poco, modifies cambiando","gloss":"little"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p17-s10","source":"No sé, la miro a usted, quisiera sentirme amigo suyo y no puedo.","translation":"I don't know, I look at you, I'd like to feel I'm your friend and I can't.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of miro (doubles a usted)","gloss":"you","note":"Clitic doubling: ‘la’ anticipates ‘a usted’ — common in Rioplatense Spanish (‘la miro a usted’ = ‘I look at you’)."},{"surface":"miro","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sé","gloss":"look at"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted (personal a)","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"direct object of miro (doubled by la)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"quisiera","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with miro","gloss":"would like"},{"surface":"sentirme","lemma":"sentir yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quisiera","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sentirme","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"suyo","lemma":"suyo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of amigo","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puedo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"puedo","lemma":"poder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with quisiera","gloss":"can"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p17-s11","source":"Si la viera a usted agonizar posiblemente no le alcanzaría ni un vaso de agua.","translation":"If I saw you dying I probably wouldn't even hand you a glass of water.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Si la viera... no le alcanzaría","title":"Unreal conditional sentence","body":"An imaginary 'if' pairs the imperfect subjunctive in the «si»-clause with the conditional in the result: «si la viera... no le alcanzaría» = 'if I saw you... I wouldn't hand you'. This is the standard pattern for a hypothetical that is contrary to fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of viera","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of viera (doubles a usted)","gloss":"you","note":"Clitic doubling: ‘la’ anticipates ‘a usted’ (‘la viera a usted’ = ‘I saw you’)."},{"surface":"viera","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on alcanzaría","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted (personal a)","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"direct object of viera (doubled by la)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"agonizar","lemma":"agonizar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of viera","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"posiblemente","lemma":"posiblemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies alcanzaría","gloss":"probably"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies alcanzaría","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of alcanzaría","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"alcanzaría","lemma":"alcanzar","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would hand"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vaso","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vaso","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vaso","lemma":"vaso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of alcanzaría","gloss":"glass"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking agua","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"agua","lemma":"agua","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vaso","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p17-s12","source":"¿Se da cuenta?","translation":"Do you see?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of da","gloss":"yourself","note":"'¿Se da cuenta?' is the idiom darse cuenta ('to realize'); se is the reflexive dative, here for formal usted."},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realize"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with da","gloss":"account"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p17-s13","source":"Y sin embargo...","translation":"And yet...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the phrase sin embargo","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"yet","note":"\"sin embargo\" is a fixed phrase meaning 'however/nevertheless', rendered here as 'yet'."},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of sin","gloss":"yet"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p17-s14","source":"¿Pero, dónde está él?","translation":"But where is he?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p17-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"oblique complement of está","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":38,"label":"18","id":"la-coja-p18-s1","source":"–En el Hospicio de las Mercedes.","translation":"\"In the Hospicio de las Mercedes.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p18-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hospicio","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Hospicio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Hospicio","lemma":"Hospicio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Hospicio","note":"The Hospicio de las Mercedes was a real Buenos Aires asylum/hospice; the name is left untranslated."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mercedes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of Mercedes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mercedes","lemma":"Mercedes","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Hospicio de las Mercedes","gloss":"Mercedes"}]},{"number":39,"label":"19","id":"la-coja-p19-s1","source":"–¡Qué curioso! ¿No vivían ustedes en el Azul?","translation":"\"How strange! Didn't you two live in Azul?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p19-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"exclamative determiner, singular","role":"intensifies curioso","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"curioso","lemma":"curioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vivían","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vivían","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"ustedes","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, plural","role":"subject of vivían","gloss":"you two"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Azul","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Azul","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Azul","lemma":"Azul","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of vivían","gloss":"Azul"}]},{"number":40,"label":"20","id":"la-coja-p20-s1","source":"–Sí, pero hace quince días que estamos aquí...","translation":"\"Yes, but we've been here for two weeks...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p20-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hace quince días que estamos aquí","title":"«hace... que» + present","body":"«hace» plus a span of time plus «que» plus a present-tense verb expresses how long something has been going on: «hace quince días que estamos aquí» = 'we've been here for fifteen days'. Note «quince días», literally 'fifteen days', is the usual Spanish way to say 'two weeks'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse particle, coordinated with hace","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it's been","note":"\"hace + [time] + que\" is a fixed construction for elapsed time, like English 'for [time]' or '[time] ago'."},{"surface":"quince","lemma":"quince","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies días","gloss":"fifteen"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hace","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estamos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estamos","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of hace","gloss":"we've been"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estamos","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":41,"label":"21","id":"la-coja-p21-s1","source":"–¿Y cuándo sucedió «eso»?","translation":"\"And when did \"that\" happen?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p21-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"cuándo","lemma":"cuándo","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"oblique complement of sucedió","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"sucedió","lemma":"suceder","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happen"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sucedió","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":42,"label":"22","id":"la-coja-p22-s1","source":"–Hace seis días. Yo misma no me lo explico. Es como usted decía antes refiriéndose a mí.","translation":"\"Six days ago. I can't explain it to myself either. It's the way you were saying before about me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p22-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Yo misma no me lo explico","title":"Intensifier «mismo» and the dative «me»","body":"«yo misma» = 'I myself' (agreeing in gender, hence «misma» for a woman). «no me lo explico» stacks two pronouns: «me» ('to myself') and «lo» ('it'), so the whole = 'I can't explain it to myself' — the «me» here is the 'dative of interest', emphasizing it baffles her personally."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"seis","lemma":"seis","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies días","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Hace","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of explico","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"misma","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Yo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies explico","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"indirect object of explico","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of explico","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"explico","lemma":"explicar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"explain"},{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"It's"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of decía","gloss":"the way"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of decía","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Es","gloss":"were saying"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies decía","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"refiriéndose","lemma":"referir él","morphology":"verb, gerund, reflexive","role":"complement of decía","gloss":"referring"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"oblique complement of refiriéndose","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":43,"label":"23","id":"la-coja-p23-s1","source":"Perdone si le hago perder tiempo.","translation":"Forgive me if I'm wasting your time.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p23-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perdone","lemma":"perdonar","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person formal (usted)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Forgive"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hago","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hago","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hago","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Perdone","gloss":"am making"},{"surface":"perder","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hago","gloss":"wasting"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of perder","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p23-s2","source":"Yo pensé en usted, que le conocía, él siempre me hablaba de usted.","translation":"I thought of you, who knew him, he was always talking to me about you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p23-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of pensé","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"pensé","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of pensé","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of conocía","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of conocía","gloss":"him","note":"Leísmo: \"le\" used as a masculine direct object pronoun instead of the more standard \"lo\"."},{"surface":"conocía","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying usted","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hablaba","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablaba","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hablaba","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"hablaba","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of second clause","gloss":"was talking"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of hablaba","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p23-s3","source":"¿Cuándo fue la última vez que lo vio?","translation":"When was the last time you saw him?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p23-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cuándo","lemma":"cuándo","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"modifies fue","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"última","lemma":"último","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vez","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of fue","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of vio","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of vio","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"vio","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying vez","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":46,"label":"24","id":"la-coja-p24-s1","source":"–Antes de casarse... Sí, me habló de usted. La llamaba la Coja... y la Ramera.","translation":"\"Before he got married... Yes, he told me about you. He called you the lame one... and the whore.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p24-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Antes de casarse","title":"Reflexive infinitive after «antes de»","body":"«casarse» ('to get married') is pronominal — the «se» is built in. Kept on the infinitive after «antes de», it reads 'before getting married'; with no stated subject, context tells us whose marriage it is (Ergueta's)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies habló","gloss":"Before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of casarse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"casarse","lemma":"casar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"adverbial clause on Antes","gloss":"he got married"},{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse particle before habló","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of habló","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"habló","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of habló","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"La","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of llamaba","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"llamaba","lemma":"llamar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Coja","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Coja","lemma":"Coja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular (nickname)","role":"predicate nominal of llamaba","gloss":"Lame One","note":"A cruel nickname for Hipólita ('the lame one'), paired below with 'la Ramera' ('the whore')."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Ramera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ramera","lemma":"Ramera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular (nickname)","role":"coordinated with Coja","gloss":"Whore"}]},{"number":47,"label":"25","id":"la-coja-p25-s1","source":"A Erdosain le pareció que el alma de Hipólita le iba esmaltando serenamente las pupilas.","translation":"It seemed to Erdosain that Hipólita's soul was serenely glazing her own pupils.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p25-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le iba esmaltando","title":"«ir» + gerund again","body":"«ir» plus a gerund renders a slow, progressive action: «iba esmaltando» = 'was (gradually) glazing / enamelling'. The dative «le» marks the body part affected — literally 'was glazing the pupils to her'."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of pareció, doubled by le","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pareció","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"pareció","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of esmaltando","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of esmaltando","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hipólita","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"Hipólita's"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of esmaltando","gloss":"to him","note":"\"le\" continues the sentence's initial dative experiencer (\"A Erdosain le pareció... le iba esmaltando\"), so it refers to Erdosain, not Hipólita. If the pupils were Hipólita's own, Spanish would mark that with the reflexive \"se\" (she is the subject of \"iba esmaltando\"), not a distinct non-reflexive \"le\". The gloss \"her own\" mis-assigns the pupils to Hipólita instead of Erdosain."},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of esmaltando","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"esmaltando","lemma":"esmaltar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clausal complement of pareció","gloss":"glazing"},{"surface":"serenamente","lemma":"serenamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies esmaltando","gloss":"serenely"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of pupilas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pupilas","lemma":"pupila","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of esmaltando","gloss":"pupils"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p25-s2","source":"Tenía la certidumbre de que podía hablar de todo con ella.","translation":"He felt sure he could speak of anything with her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p25-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"He had"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of certidumbre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"certidumbre","lemma":"certidumbre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Tenía","gloss":"certainty"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hablar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hablar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hablar","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"hablar","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying certidumbre","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking todo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hablar","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ella","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hablar","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p25-s3","source":"El alma de la mujer estaba inmóvil allí, como para recibirlo naturalmente.","translation":"The woman's soul stood motionless there, as if to receive him naturally.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p25-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of inmóvil","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mujer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"woman's"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to inmóvil","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"inmóvil","lemma":"inmóvil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"motionless"},{"surface":"allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inmóvil","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of recibirlo","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of recibirlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"recibirlo","lemma":"recibir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on inmóvil","gloss":"receive him"},{"surface":"naturalmente","lemma":"naturalmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies recibirlo","gloss":"naturally"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p25-s4","source":"Ella había apoyado las manos cruzadas sobre la falda encima de la rodilla, y esa circunstancia de posición le hacía fácil el tiempo de confidencia.","translation":"She had rested her crossed hands on her skirt above her knee, and that detail of posture made the moment of confidence easy for him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p25-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of apoyado","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of apoyado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"apoyado","lemma":"apoyar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rested"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of apoyado","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"cruzadas","lemma":"cruzado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies manos","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking falda","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of falda","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"falda","lemma":"falda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyado","gloss":"skirt"},{"surface":"encima","lemma":"encima","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies apoyado","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rodilla","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of rodilla","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"rodilla","lemma":"rodilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encima","gloss":"knee"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of circunstancia","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"circunstancia","lemma":"circunstancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hacía","gloss":"detail"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking posición","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"posición","lemma":"posición","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies circunstancia","gloss":"posture"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hacía","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause, coordinated with apoyado","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"fácil","lemma":"fácil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"object complement of hacía, describing tiempo","gloss":"easy"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hacía","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking confidencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"confidencia","lemma":"confidencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tiempo","gloss":"confidence"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p25-s5","source":"Lo ocurrido durante la mañana en la casa del Astrólogo le parecía algo remoto, sólo algún pedacito de árbol y de cielo cruzaba a momentos su recuerdo, y el deslizamiento de las imágenes truncas le dejaba apoyada en la conciencia un placer lento e injustificado.","translation":"What had happened that morning at the Astrologer's house seemed remote to him; only some little scrap of tree and of sky crossed his memory at moments, and the gliding of those broken images left a slow, unjustified pleasure resting in his consciousness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p25-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Lo ocurrido","title":"Neuter «lo» + participle","body":"«lo» before a past participle creates an abstract noun: «lo ocurrido» = 'what had happened', 'the thing that happened'. This neuter «lo» turns adjectives and participles into 'the ... part / what is ...' across Spanish (lo bueno, lo dicho, lo ocurrido)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ocurrido","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"ocurrido","lemma":"ocurrido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"subject of parecía","gloss":"had happened"},{"surface":"durante","lemma":"durante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mañana","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mañana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ocurrido","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ocurrido","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parecía","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies remoto","gloss":"somewhat"},{"surface":"remoto","lemma":"remoto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies parecía","gloss":"remote"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pedacito","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"algún","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pedacito","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"pedacito","lemma":"pedacito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cruzaba","gloss":"little scrap"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking árbol","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"árbol","lemma":"árbol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pedacito","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cielo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with árbol","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"cruzaba","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momentos","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"momentos","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cruzaba","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of recuerdo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"recuerdo","lemma":"recuerdo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cruzaba","gloss":"memory"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of deslizamiento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"deslizamiento","lemma":"deslizamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dejaba","gloss":"gliding"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking imágenes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of imágenes","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"imágenes","lemma":"imagen","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies deslizamiento","gloss":"images"},{"surface":"truncas","lemma":"trunco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies imágenes","gloss":"broken"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dejaba","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"dejaba","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with cruzaba","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"apoyada","lemma":"apoyado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"object complement of dejaba, describing placer","gloss":"resting"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conciencia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of conciencia","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"conciencia","lemma":"conciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyada","gloss":"consciousness"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of placer","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"placer","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dejaba","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"lento","lemma":"lento","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies placer","gloss":"slow"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"injustificado","lemma":"injustificado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with lento","gloss":"unjustified"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p25-s6","source":"Se restregó las manos con satisfacción, y dijo:","translation":"He rubbed his hands together with satisfaction, and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p25-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of restregó","gloss":"himself","note":"Reflexive dative of possession: \"restregarse las manos\" = 'to rub one's own hands'."},{"surface":"restregó","lemma":"restregar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rubbed"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of restregó","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking satisfacción","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"satisfacción","lemma":"satisfacción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of restregó","gloss":"satisfaction"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with restregó","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":53,"label":"26","id":"la-coja-p26-s1","source":"–No se ofenderá usted, señora... pero yo creo que estaba ya loco al casarse con usted...","translation":"\"You won't be offended, ma'am... but I think he was already mad when he married you...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p26-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ofenderá","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ofenderá","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"ofenderá","lemma":"ofender","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"offended"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of ofenderá","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"señora","lemma":"señora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to usted","gloss":"ma'am"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of creo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"creo","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of loco","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to loco","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies loco","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of creo","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casarse","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"casarse","lemma":"casar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"adverbial clause on loco","gloss":"he married"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of casarse","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":54,"label":"27","id":"la-coja-p27-s1","source":"–Dígame... ¿Usted sabe si jugaba antes de casarse conmigo?","translation":"\"Tell me... do you know if he gambled before marrying me?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p27-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"jugaba","title":"«jugar» = 'to gamble'","body":"«jugar» means 'to play', but in this context — and throughout the chapter — it means 'to gamble', to play for money. Ergueta's compulsive gambling at cards and roulette is the engine of the whole story Hipólita tells."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dígame","lemma":"decir yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted), with clitic pronoun","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Tell me"},{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of jugaba","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"jugaba","lemma":"jugar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sabe","gloss":"gambled"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jugaba","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of casarse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"casarse","lemma":"casar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"adverbial clause on antes","gloss":"marrying"},{"surface":"conmigo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, common gender, singular","role":"oblique complement of casarse","gloss":"with me"}]},{"number":55,"label":"28","id":"la-coja-p28-s1","source":"–Sí... Además, recuerdo que estudiaba mucho la Biblia, porque entre otras cosas me habló de los tiempos nuevos, del cuarto sello y un montón de cosas más.","translation":"\"Yes... Besides, I remember he studied the Bible a great deal, because among other things he spoke to me about the new times, the fourth seal, and a whole heap of other things.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p28-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse particle","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies recuerdo","gloss":"Besides"},{"surface":"recuerdo","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I remember"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estudiaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estudiaba","lemma":"estudiar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of recuerdo","gloss":"studied"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estudiaba","gloss":"a great deal"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Biblia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Biblia","lemma":"Biblia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of estudiaba","gloss":"Bible"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of habló","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cosas","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"otras","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of habló","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of habló","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"habló","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on recuerdo","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiempos","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tiempos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiempos","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of habló","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"nuevos","lemma":"nuevo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies tiempos","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sello","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cuarto","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sello","gloss":"fourth"},{"surface":"sello","lemma":"sello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with tiempos","gloss":"seal"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of montón","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"montón","lemma":"montón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with tiempos","gloss":"heap"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cosas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies montón","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cosas","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p28-s2","source":"Además, jugaba.","translation":"Besides, he gambled.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p28-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jugaba","gloss":"Besides"},{"surface":"jugaba","lemma":"jugar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gambled"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p28-s3","source":"A mí siempre me interesó porque veía en él un temperamento frenético.","translation":"He always interested me because I saw in him a frenzied temperament.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p28-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"A mí siempre me interesó","title":"Redundant «a mí... me»","body":"Spanish often doubles the object for emphasis: «a mí... me interesó» = 'me, he interested', stressing the speaker. Both «a mí» and «me» point to the same person; the stressed «a mí» adds the emphasis English would give by tone of voice."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of interesó, doubled by me","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies interesó","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of interesó","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"interesó","lemma":"interesar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"interested"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of veía","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"veía","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on interesó","gloss":"I saw"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of veía","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of temperamento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"temperamento","lemma":"temperamento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of veía","gloss":"temperament"},{"surface":"frenético","lemma":"frenético","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies temperamento","gloss":"frenzied"}]},{"number":58,"label":"29","id":"la-coja-p29-s1","source":"–Eso mismo. Un frenético. Llegó a aceptar un envite de cinco mil pesos en una mesa de poker.","translation":"\"Exactly. A man of frenzy. He went so far as to accept a five-thousand-peso bet at a poker table.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p29-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Llegó a aceptar","title":"«llegar a» + infinitive","body":"«llegar a» plus an infinitive means 'to go so far as to / to end up' doing something: «llegó a aceptar» = 'he went so far as to accept'. It frames the act as a striking extreme reached, not a mere occurrence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Eso","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of frenético","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"frenético","lemma":"frenético","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular (used as noun)","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man of frenzy"},{"surface":"Llegó","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went so far"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of aceptar","gloss":"as to"},{"surface":"aceptar","lemma":"aceptar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Llegó","gloss":"accept"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of envite","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"envite","lemma":"envite","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of aceptar","gloss":"bet"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pesos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cinco","lemma":"cinco","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with cinco","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies envite","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mesa","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mesa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mesa","lemma":"mesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Llegó","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poker","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"poker","lemma":"poker","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mesa","gloss":"poker"}]},{"number":59,"label":"30","id":"la-coja-p30-s1","source":"Vendió mis joyas, un collar que me había regalado un amigo...","translation":"He sold my jewels, a necklace a friend had given me...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p30-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vendió","lemma":"vender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sold"},{"surface":"mis","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of joyas","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"joyas","lemma":"joya","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Vendió","gloss":"jewels"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of collar","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"collar","lemma":"collar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to joyas","gloss":"necklace"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of regalado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of regalado","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of regalado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"regalado","lemma":"regalar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying collar","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of amigo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of regalado","gloss":"friend"}]},{"number":60,"label":"31","id":"la-coja-p31-s1","source":"–Pero ¿cómo?... ¿Ese collar usted no se lo regaló a la sirvienta poco antes de casarse con él?","translation":"\"But how can that be?... Didn't you give that necklace to the maid shortly before marrying him?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p31-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no se lo regaló a la sirvienta","title":"«se lo»: when «le» becomes «se»","body":"When the indirect-object pronoun «le» ('to her') is followed by «lo/la» ('it'), it changes to «se» to avoid two l-sounds: «se lo regaló» = 'gave it to her'. The «a la sirvienta» that follows simply spells out who «se» refers to."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies cómo","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"Ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of collar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"collar","lemma":"collar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of regaló (fronted, resumed by lo)","gloss":"necklace"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of regaló","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies regaló","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of regaló","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of regaló","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"regaló","lemma":"regalar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sirvienta","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sirvienta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sirvienta","lemma":"sirvienta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of regaló","gloss":"maid"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies antes","gloss":"shortly"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies regaló","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of casarse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"casarse","lemma":"casar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of the preposition de","gloss":"marrying"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of casarse","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p31-s2","source":"Así me dijo él.","translation":"That's what he told me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p31-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p31-s3","source":"Que usted le regaló el collar y la vajilla de plata... y el cheque de diez mil pesos que le regaló el otro...","translation":"That you gave her the necklace and the silver tableware... and the ten-thousand-peso check the other man had given you...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p31-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of regaló","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of regaló","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of regaló","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"regaló","lemma":"regalar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of collar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"collar","lemma":"collar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of regaló","gloss":"necklace"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vajilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vajilla","lemma":"vajilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with collar","gloss":"tableware"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plata","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"plata","lemma":"plata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vajilla","gloss":"silver"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with collar","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pesos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"diez","lemma":"diez","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with diez","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies cheque","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of regaló","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of regaló","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"regaló","lemma":"regalar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying cheque","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of regaló","gloss":"other man"}]},{"number":63,"label":"32","id":"la-coja-p32-s1","source":"–¡Pero usted cree que estoy loca!... ¿Por qué iba a regalarle a mi sirvienta un collar de perlas?","translation":"\"But you think I'm crazy!... Why would I give my maid a pearl necklace?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p32-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿Por qué iba a regalarle...?","title":"«ir a» in the imperfect = 'would'","body":"«ir a» plus an infinitive normally means 'going to', but in the imperfect it expresses an indignant hypothetical: «¿por qué iba a regalarle...?» = 'why would I give her...?'. It rejects the premise as absurd rather than reporting a future plan."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies cree","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of cree","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"cree","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of loca","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to loca","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"loca","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clausal complement of cree","gloss":"crazy"},{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of regalarle","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of regalarle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of regalarle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"regalarle","lemma":"regalar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sirvienta","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sirvienta","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"sirvienta","lemma":"sirvienta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of regalarle","gloss":"maid"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of collar","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"collar","lemma":"collar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of regalarle","gloss":"necklace"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking perlas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"perlas","lemma":"perla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies collar","gloss":"pearls"}]},{"number":64,"label":"33","id":"la-coja-p33-s1","source":"–Entonces mintió.","translation":"\"Then he lied.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p33-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"mintió","title":"Stem change in the preterite of «mentir»","body":"«mentir» ('to lie') is an «-ir» verb whose stem vowel changes e→i in the third person of the preterite: «él mintió» = 'he lied'. The same shift appears in «sintió» (sentir), «durmió» (dormir, o→u) and other «-ir» verbs."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mintió","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"mintió","lemma":"mentir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lied"}]},{"number":65,"label":"34","id":"la-coja-p34-s1","source":"–Es lo que me parece.","translation":"\"That's what I think.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p34-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"antecedent of que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of parece","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parece","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Es","gloss":"seems"}]},{"number":66,"label":"35","id":"la-coja-p35-s1","source":"–¡Qué curioso!...","translation":"\"How strange!...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p35-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of curioso","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"curioso","lemma":"curioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"strange"}]},{"number":67,"label":"36","id":"la-coja-p36-s1","source":"–No le extrañe. Mentía mucho. Además, en estos últimos días estaba perdido.","translation":"\"Don't be surprised. He lied a great deal. Besides, in those last days he was beside himself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p36-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"No le extrañe","title":"Negative command, «gustar»-type verb","body":"«extrañar» here works like «gustar»: the thing surprises, the person is the indirect object. As a negative command it takes the subjunctive: «no le extrañe» = literally 'let it not surprise you', i.e. 'don't be surprised'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies extrañe","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of extrañe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"extrañe","lemma":"extrañar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"surprise"},{"surface":"Mentía","lemma":"mentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lied"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Mentía","gloss":"a great deal"},{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies perdido","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking días","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"estos","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of días","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"últimos","lemma":"último","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies días","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of perdido","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to perdido","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"perdido","lemma":"perdido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"beside himself","note":"estar perdido here is idiomatic for 'to be beside oneself/distraught,' not literally 'lost.'"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p36-s2","source":"Estudió una martingala para aplicarla a la ruleta.","translation":"He worked out a betting system to apply to roulette.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p36-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"una martingala","title":"«martingala»","body":"A «martingala» is a gambling system meant to guarantee winnings — classically, doubling your stake after each loss. Ergueta's obsessive search for the foolproof martingale is the comic-tragic heart of Hipólita's account."}],"words":[{"surface":"Estudió","lemma":"estudiar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"worked out"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of martingala","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"martingala","lemma":"martingala","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Estudió","gloss":"betting system"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of aplicarla","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"aplicarla","lemma":"aplicar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Estudió","gloss":"apply it"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ruleta","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ruleta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ruleta","lemma":"ruleta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of aplicarla","gloss":"roulette"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p36-s3","source":"Usted se habría reído si lo hubiera visto.","translation":"You'd have laughed if you had seen him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p36-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se habría reído si lo hubiera visto","title":"Past unreal conditional","body":"For an 'if' about the past that never happened, Spanish pairs the conditional perfect with the pluperfect subjunctive: «se habría reído si lo hubiera visto» = 'you'd have laughed if you had seen him'. Both halves point to a contrary-to-fact past."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of reído","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of reído","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"habría","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of reído","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"reído","lemma":"reír","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of visto","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of visto","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"visto","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on reído","gloss":"seen"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p36-s4","source":"Armó un libro de números que nadie entendía como no ser él.","translation":"He put together a book of numbers that nobody understood except him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p36-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"como no ser él","title":"«como no ser» = 'except'","body":"«como no ser» is a River Plate way of saying 'except for / other than': «nadie... como no ser él» = 'nobody except him'. Standard Spanish would more often say «salvo él» or «excepto él»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Armó","lemma":"armar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put together"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of libro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"libro","lemma":"libro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Armó","gloss":"book"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking números","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"números","lemma":"número","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies libro","gloss":"numbers"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of entendía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of entendía","gloss":"nobody"},{"surface":"entendía","lemma":"entender","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying números","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of él","gloss":"other than","note":"como no ser él literally 'like not being him' — an idiomatic way of saying 'except him.'"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies él","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to él","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Armó","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p36-s5","source":"¡Qué hombre!","translation":"What a man!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p36-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p36-s6","source":"No podía dormir de la preocupación; desatendía la farmacia; a veces, estando la luz apagada y yo por dormirme, sentía un gran golpe en el suelo; era él que se había tirado de la cama, prendía la luz, anotaba unas cifras como si tuviera miedo de que se le escaparan...","translation":"He couldn't sleep from worry; he neglected the pharmacy; sometimes, with the light off and me about to fall asleep, I'd hear a great thud on the floor; it was him, having thrown himself out of bed, turning on the light, jotting down some figures as if he were afraid they would escape him...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p36-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"yo por dormirme","title":"«estar por» + infinitive","body":"«estar por» plus an infinitive means 'to be about to': here «yo por dormirme» (with «estando» understood) = 'me about to fall asleep'. It marks an action on the very point of happening."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dormir","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dormir","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"dormir","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking preocupación","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of preocupación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"preocupación","lemma":"preocupación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dormir","gloss":"worry"},{"surface":"desatendía","lemma":"desatender","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"neglected"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of farmacia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"farmacia","lemma":"farmacia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of desatendía","gloss":"pharmacy"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking veces","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies sentía","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"estando","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"copula linking to apagada","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luz","lemma":"luz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of estando","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"apagada","lemma":"apagado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estando","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with luz","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dormirme","gloss":"about to"},{"surface":"dormirme","lemma":"dormir yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying yo","gloss":"fall asleep"},{"surface":"sentía","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of golpe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"gran","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies golpe","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"golpe","lemma":"golpe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sentía","gloss":"thud"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking suelo","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of suelo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suelo","lemma":"suelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies golpe","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to él","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tirado","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of tirado","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tirado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tirado","lemma":"tirar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying él","gloss":"thrown"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cama","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cama","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cama","lemma":"cama","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tirado","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"prendía","lemma":"prender","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tirado","gloss":"turned on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luz","lemma":"luz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of prendía","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"anotaba","lemma":"anotar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tirado","gloss":"jotted down"},{"surface":"unas","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cifras","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"cifras","lemma":"cifra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of anotaba","gloss":"figures"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tuviera","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tuviera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"tuviera","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on anotaba","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"miedo","lemma":"miedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tuviera","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of escaparan","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of escaparan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of escaparan","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of escaparan","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"escaparan","lemma":"escapar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying miedo","gloss":"would escape"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p36-s7","source":"Pero, ¿así que le dijo a usted que yo había regalado mi collar de perlas?","translation":"But—so he told you that I had given away my pearl necklace?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p36-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase así","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of regalado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of regalado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of regalado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"regalado","lemma":"regalar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of dijo","gloss":"given away"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of collar","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"collar","lemma":"collar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of regalado","gloss":"necklace"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking perlas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"perlas","lemma":"perla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies collar","gloss":"pearls"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p36-s8","source":"¡Qué hombre!","translation":"What a man!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p36-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p36-s9","source":"Lo que hizo fue empeñarlo antes de que nos casáramos...","translation":"What he did was pawn it before we got married...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p36-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"antes de que nos casáramos","title":"«antes de que» + subjunctive","body":"When «antes de» governs a clause with its own subject, it becomes «antes de que» and takes the subjunctive: «antes de que nos casáramos» = 'before we got married'. «casáramos» is the imperfect subjunctive of «casarse»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"antecedent of que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hizo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hizo","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on fue","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"empeñarlo","lemma":"empeñar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of fue","gloss":"pawn it"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies empeñarlo","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of casáramos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of casáramos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of casáramos","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"casáramos","lemma":"casar nosotros","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on antes","gloss":"got married"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p36-s10","source":"Bueno, como le decía... el mes pasado fue al Real de San Carlos...","translation":"Well, as I was saying... last month he went to the Real de San Carlos...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p36-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bueno","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker introducing the sentence","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of decía","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of decía","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"parenthetical clause modifying fue","gloss":"was saying"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mes","lemma":"mes","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial modifier of fue","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"pasado","lemma":"pasado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mes","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went","note":"fue here is the preterite of ir ('he went'), not of ser — both verbs share this same form, a common trap."},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Real","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Real","lemma":"Real","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Real"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking San","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"San","lemma":"San","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Real","gloss":"San"},{"surface":"Carlos","lemma":"Carlos","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name San","gloss":"Carlos"}]},{"number":77,"label":"37","id":"la-coja-p37-s1","source":"–Y, lógicamente, perdió...","translation":"\"And, logically, he lost...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p37-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies perdió","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lógicamente","lemma":"lógicamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies perdió","gloss":"logically"},{"surface":"perdió","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lost"}]},{"number":78,"label":"38","id":"la-coja-p38-s1","source":"–No, con setecientos pesos ganó siete mil. Hubiera visto cómo llegó... Callado... Yo me dije: ¡Zas!, perdió... pero lo notable es que estaba asustado de la suerte que había tenido... él mismo hasta entonces había tenido una relativa confianza en su martingala...","translation":"\"No, with seven hundred pesos he won seven thousand. You should have seen how he came in... Silent... I said to myself: There it is! He's lost... but the remarkable thing is that he was frightened of the luck he'd had... up to then even he had had only relative confidence in his system...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p38-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hubiera visto cómo llegó","title":"«hubiera» as a softened 'you should have'","body":"Dropping «usted», «hubiera visto» = 'you should have seen' / 'if only you'd seen'. The pluperfect subjunctive stands in for the full conditional «habría visto», a very common, lively shortcut in speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ganó","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pesos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"setecientos","lemma":"setecientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"seven hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ganó","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"ganó","lemma":"ganar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"won"},{"surface":"siete","lemma":"siete","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies mil","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"direct object of ganó","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"Hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visto","gloss":"should have"},{"surface":"visto","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of llegó","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"llegó","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of visto","gloss":"came in"},{"surface":"Callado","lemma":"callado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"elliptical exclamation","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of dije","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dije","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"dije","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Zas","lemma":"zas","morphology":"interjection","role":"quoted exclamation after dije","gloss":"there it is"},{"surface":"perdió","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"part of the quotation after dije","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"nominalizes notable","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"notable","lemma":"notable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"remarkable thing"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of asustado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to asustado","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"asustado","lemma":"asustado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"frightened"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking suerte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of suerte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suerte","lemma":"suerte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of asustado","gloss":"luck"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tenido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tenido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tenido","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying suerte","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tenido","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies él","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking entonces","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tenido","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tenido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"tenido","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of confianza","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"relativa","lemma":"relativo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies confianza","gloss":"relative"},{"surface":"confianza","lemma":"confianza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tenido","gloss":"confidence"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking martingala","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of martingala","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"martingala","lemma":"martingala","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies confianza","gloss":"system"}]},{"number":79,"label":"39","id":"la-coja-p39-s1","source":"–Sí... me doy cuenta... Prefería creer en ella a probarla.","translation":"\"Yes... I see... He preferred believing in it to testing it.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p39-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Prefería creer en ella a probarla","title":"«preferir A a B»","body":"«preferir» links the two compared things with «a»: «preferir creer... a probarla» = 'to prefer believing... to testing it'. The «a» is the 'than/to' of the comparison, not a destination."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse marker","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of doy","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"doy","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realize","note":"darse cuenta is an idiom meaning 'to realize/notice' — unrelated in meaning to dar ('to give') alone."},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with doy","gloss":"notice"},{"surface":"Prefería","lemma":"preferir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"preferred"},{"surface":"creer","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Prefería","gloss":"believing"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ella","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of creer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of probarla","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"probarla","lemma":"probar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Prefería","gloss":"testing it"}]},{"number":80,"label":"40","id":"la-coja-p40-s1","source":"–Claro, por miedo al fracaso. Pero ya le digo... durante algunos días estuvo como trastornado. Recuerdo que una tarde, a la hora de la siesta, me dijo: «Bueno, negra, te resignarás a ser la reina del mundo».","translation":"\"Of course, for fear of failure. But as I tell you... for several days he was as if deranged. I remember that one afternoon, at siesta time, he said to me: \"Well, negra, you'll just have to resign yourself to being queen of the world.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p40-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Of course"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking miedo","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"miedo","lemma":"miedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of por, modifies Claro","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fracaso","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fracaso","lemma":"fracaso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies miedo","gloss":"failure"},{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies digo","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies digo","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of digo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"digo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I tell you"},{"surface":"durante","lemma":"durante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking días","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"algunos","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of días","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of durante, modifies estuvo","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"estuvo","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to trastornado","gloss":"he was"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"comparative particle before trastornado","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"trastornado","lemma":"trastornar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estuvo (via como)","gloss":"deranged"},{"surface":"Recuerdo","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I remember"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dijo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tarde","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dijo","gloss":"afternoon"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hora","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of hora","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hora","lemma":"hora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tarde","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siesta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of siesta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"siesta","lemma":"siesta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hora","gloss":"siesta"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Recuerdo","gloss":"he said"},{"surface":"Bueno","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection opening the quotation","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"negra","lemma":"negra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, term of address","gloss":"dear","note":"\"Negra\" is a Rioplatense term of endearment for a loved one, not a racial description — the translation keeps it as \"negra.\""},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of resignarás","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"resignarás","lemma":"resignarse","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted clause (complement of dijo)","gloss":"you'll resign"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive clause (ser la reina)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to reina","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of reina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"reina","lemma":"reina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of ser","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies reina","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":81,"label":"41","id":"la-coja-p41-s1","source":"–Siempre la manía de las grandezas...","translation":"\"Always the delusions of grandeur...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p41-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la manía de las grandezas","title":"«manía de grandezas»","body":"«manía de grandezas» is the fixed phrase for 'delusions of grandeur', megalomania. It is the everyday Spanish term for the inflated self-importance Ergueta keeps displaying — fitting, given he's just been committed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies manía","gloss":"Always"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of manía","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manía","lemma":"manía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"delusions","note":"Manía de las grandezas is the set idiom for \"delusions of grandeur\" (megalomania)."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grandezas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of grandezas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grandezas","lemma":"grandeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies manía","gloss":"grandeur"}]},{"number":82,"label":"42","id":"la-coja-p42-s1","source":"–Le prevengo que en parte yo también creí después de eso en el éxito de la martingala.","translation":"\"I warn you that, in part, after that even I came to believe in the success of the system.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p42-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of prevengo","gloss":"you","note":"This \"le\" is dative leísmo, common in Rioplatense Spanish, standing in for the person being warned."},{"surface":"prevengo","lemma":"prevenir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I warn"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of creí","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies creí","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of creí","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creí","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"creí","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of prevengo (object of que)","gloss":"I believed"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creí","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of de (después de eso)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking éxito","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of éxito","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"éxito","lemma":"éxito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of creí","gloss":"success"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking martingala","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of martingala","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"martingala","lemma":"martingala","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies éxito","gloss":"system","note":"La martingala is a gambling staking system (the martingale strategy), not a proper name — the translation renders it as \"the system.\""}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p42-s2","source":"El había jugado de acuerdo a los números que figuraban en su tabla de cálculos, y entonces para hacer saltar la banca retiró tres mil pesos del banco...","translation":"He had played according to the numbers that appeared on his table of calculations, and so, to break the bank, he withdrew three thousand pesos from the bank...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p42-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hacer saltar la banca","title":"«hacer saltar la banca»","body":"«hacer saltar la banca» is the gambler's idiom 'to break the bank' — to win so much that the house runs out of money to pay. Note the wordplay: «banca» (the casino's bank) versus «banco» (the actual bank he draws the cash from)."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of jugado","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of jugado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"jugado","lemma":"jugar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de acuerdo a (according to)","gloss":"according"},{"surface":"acuerdo","lemma":"acuerdo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"accord","note":"De acuerdo a is a fixed phrase meaning \"according to.\""},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking números","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of números","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"números","lemma":"número","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of jugado","gloss":"numbers"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of figuraban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"figuraban","lemma":"figurar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying números","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tabla","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tabla","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"tabla","lemma":"tabla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of figuraban","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cálculos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cálculos","lemma":"cálculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies tabla","gloss":"calculations"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies retiró","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on retiró","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"saltar","lemma":"saltar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacer","gloss":"break","note":"Hacer saltar la banca is a gambling idiom meaning \"to break the bank.\""},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of banca","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"banca","lemma":"banca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of hacer saltar (causative construction)","gloss":"bank"},{"surface":"retiró","lemma":"retirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb, coordinated with jugado (y entonces...)","gloss":"he withdrew"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with tres","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of retiró","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking banco","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"banco","lemma":"banco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pesos","gloss":"bank"}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p42-s3","source":"Estaban a mi nombre, recuerdo, y más los seis mil quinientos... Había pagado unas cuentas de la farmacia... Salimos para Montevideo... y lo perdió todo.","translation":"They were in my name, I remember, plus the six thousand five hundred... He had paid some pharmacy bills... We set out for Montevideo... and he lost it all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p42-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo perdió todo","title":"Redundant «lo» with «todo»","body":"When «todo» ('everything') is the object, Spanish anticipates it with «lo»: «lo perdió todo» = 'he lost it all'. The «lo» and «todo» refer to the same thing; the doubling is obligatory, not optional emphasis here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Estaban","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to nombre","gloss":"They were"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nombre","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of nombre","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"nombre","lemma":"nombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Estaban","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"recuerdo","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"parenthetical clause, modifies Estaban","gloss":"I remember"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies seis","gloss":"plus"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of quinientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"seis","lemma":"seis","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies quinientos","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with seis","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"quinientos","lemma":"quinientos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"coordinated with Estaban (head of the elliptical number phrase)","gloss":"five hundred"},{"surface":"Había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pagado","gloss":"He had"},{"surface":"pagado","lemma":"pagar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"paid"},{"surface":"unas","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cuentas","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"cuentas","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of pagado","gloss":"bills"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking farmacia","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of farmacia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"farmacia","lemma":"farmacia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cuentas","gloss":"pharmacy"},{"surface":"Salimos","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"We set out"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Montevideo","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Montevideo","lemma":"Montevideo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of Salimos","gloss":"Montevideo"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of perdió","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"perdió","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (coordinated with Salimos via y)","gloss":"he lost"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of perdió","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":85,"label":"43","id":"la-coja-p43-s1","source":"–¿Cuánto tardó?","translation":"\"How long did it take?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p43-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tardó","title":"«tardar» = 'to take time'","body":"«tardar» means 'to take (a certain amount of) time' or 'to be long': «¿cuánto tardó?» = 'how long did it take / how long was he?'. It does not mean 'to be late' in the English sense unless paired with «en»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuánto","lemma":"cuánto","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"adverbial complement of duration, modifies tardó","gloss":"How long"},{"surface":"tardó","lemma":"tardar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did it take"}]},{"number":86,"label":"44","id":"la-coja-p44-s1","source":"–Veinte minutos... Yo creía que se desmayaba por el camino... pero, ¿así que a usted le dijo que yo había regalado mi collar a la sirvienta?... ¡Qué hombre!","translation":"\"Twenty minutes... I thought he was going to faint on the way... but—so he told you I'd given my necklace to the maid?... What a man!\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p44-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Veinte","lemma":"veinte","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies minutos","gloss":"Twenty"},{"surface":"minutos","lemma":"minuto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"elliptical answer to previous question (Cuánto tardó)","gloss":"minutes"},{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of creía","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"creía","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I thought"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desmayaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desmayaba","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"desmayaba","lemma":"desmayar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of creía","gloss":"was fainting"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking camino","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of camino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"camino","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desmayaba","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase así","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"clarifies le, indirect object of dijo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb, contrasted with creía (via pero)","gloss":"he told"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of regalado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of regalado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of regalado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"regalado","lemma":"regalar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of dijo","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of collar","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"collar","lemma":"collar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of regalado","gloss":"necklace"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sirvienta","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sirvienta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sirvienta","lemma":"sirvienta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of regalado (a la sirvienta)","gloss":"maid"},{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":87,"label":"45","id":"la-coja-p45-s1","source":"–Sería para darme una mejor idea de usted. ¿Y en el viaje, cómo les fue?","translation":"\"It must have been to give me a better impression of you. And on the trip, how did it go for you?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p45-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sería para darme","title":"Conditional of conjecture","body":"The conditional can express a guess about the past: «sería para...» = 'it must have been / it was probably so as to...'. Like «debía de ser», it softens a statement into speculation about why something happened."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"It must have been"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of darme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"darme","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of Sería (darme = dar + me, \"to give me\")","gloss":"give me"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of idea","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mejor","lemma":"mejor","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"modifies idea","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of darme","gloss":"impression"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"object of de, modifies idea","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viaje","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viaje","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"viaje","lemma":"viaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"fronted topic, oblique complement of fue","gloss":"trip"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"interrogative adverb, modifies fue","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of fue (dative of experiencer)","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"impersonal verb with dative les (how it went for you)","gloss":"did it go"}]},{"number":88,"label":"46","id":"la-coja-p46-s1","source":"–Nada... no dijo una palabra. Eso sí, tenía los ojos vidriosos, la cara como deshecha, relajada, ¿sabe? En cuanto llegamos a Buenos Aires se acostó... era un día lunes.","translation":"\"Nothing... he didn't say a word. That, yes—his eyes were glassy, his face as if undone, slack, you know? As soon as we reached Buenos Aires he went to bed... it was a Monday.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p46-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"En cuanto llegamos","title":"«en cuanto» = 'as soon as'","body":"«en cuanto» means 'as soon as / the moment that': «en cuanto llegamos» = 'as soon as we arrived'. With a completed past action it takes the indicative preterite, as here; about the future it would switch to the subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"elliptical answer (Nothing)","gloss":"Nothing"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he said"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of palabra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"palabra","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dijo","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"discourse marker (eso sí), precedes tenía","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"interjection","role":"part of the phrase Eso","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he had"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"vidriosos","lemma":"vidrioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ojos","gloss":"glassy"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cara","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cara","lemma":"cara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated direct object of tenía","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of deshecha","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"deshecha","lemma":"deshacer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying cara","gloss":"undone"},{"surface":"relajada","lemma":"relajado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with deshecha, modifies cara","gloss":"slack"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parenthetical tag question (¿sabe?)","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of llegamos","gloss":"As"},{"surface":"cuanto","lemma":"cuanto","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase En","gloss":"soon as"},{"surface":"llegamos","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on acostó","gloss":"we arrived"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Buenos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Buenos","lemma":"Buenos","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of llegamos","gloss":"Buenos"},{"surface":"Aires","lemma":"Aires","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Buenos","gloss":"Aires"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acostó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"acostó","lemma":"acostar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went to bed"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to día","gloss":"it was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"lunes","lemma":"lunes","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"compound with día","gloss":"Monday"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p46-s2","source":"Se quedó hasta el anochecer en la cama, luego fue a la calle, no sé por qué me daba en el corazón de que algo iba a suceder... A las diez de la noche no había vuelto aún, y entonces me acosté; a eso de la una de la madrugada me despertaron sus pasos en el cuarto, yo iba a encender la luz cuando él dio un gran salto y tomándome de un brazo, usted sabe la espantosa fuerza que tiene, en camisón me sacó de la cama y arrastrándome por los pasillos me llegó hasta la puerta del hotel.","translation":"He stayed in bed until nightfall, then he went out, I don't know why it weighed on my heart that something was going to happen... By ten at night he still hadn't come back, so I went to bed; around one in the morning his steps in the room woke me, I was about to turn on the light when he gave a great leap and, seizing me by an arm—you know the dreadful strength he has—in my nightgown he hauled me out of bed and, dragging me through the corridors, got me all the way to the door of the hotel.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p46-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"me daba en el corazón","title":"«darle a uno en el corazón»","body":"«me daba en el corazón (de) que...» is a colloquial idiom for a foreboding: 'I had a feeling in my heart that...', 'something told me that...'. It names an intuition of coming disaster, not a literal physical sensation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of quedó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"quedó","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he stayed"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anochecer","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of anochecer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"anochecer","lemma":"anochecer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of quedó","gloss":"nightfall"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cama","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cama","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cama","lemma":"cama","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of quedó","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fue","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (coordinated with quedó: luego fue a la calle)","gloss":"he went"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking calle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of calle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"calle","lemma":"calle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fue","gloss":"street"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of daba","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of daba","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"daba","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sé","gloss":"weighed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corazón","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corazón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corazón","lemma":"corazón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of daba","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of suceder","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of suceder","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of suceder","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of suceder","gloss":"was going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of suceder","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"suceder","lemma":"suceder","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the que-clause (algo iba a suceder)","gloss":"happen"},{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diez","gloss":"By"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of diez","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"diez","lemma":"diez","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"oblique complement of vuelto","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking noche","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies diez","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vuelto","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of vuelto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"vuelto","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"returned"},{"surface":"aún","lemma":"aún","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vuelto","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies acosté","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acosté","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"acosté","lemma":"acostar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with vuelto","gloss":"I went to bed"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of despertaron","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking una","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of una","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies eso","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking madrugada","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of madrugada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"madrugada","lemma":"madrugada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies una","gloss":"morning","note":"La madrugada is specifically the pre-dawn hours, not morning in general."},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of despertaron","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"despertaron","lemma":"despertar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of acosté","gloss":"woke"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pasos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pasos","lemma":"paso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of despertaron","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuarto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuarto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cuarto","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of despertaron","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of encender","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of encender","gloss":"was about"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of encender","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"encender","lemma":"encender","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of iba (periphrasis iba a encender, \"was about to turn on\")","gloss":"turn on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luz","lemma":"luz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of encender","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dio","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dio","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"dio","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on encender","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of salto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"gran","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies salto","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"salto","lemma":"salto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dio","gloss":"leap"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tomándome","lemma":"tomar yo","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with dio","gloss":"seizing me"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazo","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of brazo","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"brazo","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tomándome","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"parenthetical clause (usted sabe...)","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fuerza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espantosa","lemma":"espantoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fuerza","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"fuerza","lemma":"fuerza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sabe","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying fuerza","gloss":"he has"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking camisón","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"camisón","lemma":"camisón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sacó","gloss":"nightgown"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of sacó","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"sacó","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb, coordinated with dio/tomándome (continues main clause)","gloss":"hauled"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cama","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cama","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cama","lemma":"cama","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sacó","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"arrastrándome","lemma":"arrastrar yo","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with sacó","gloss":"dragging me"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pasillos","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pasillos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pasillos","lemma":"pasillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of arrastrándome","gloss":"corridors"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of llegó","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"llegó","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb, coordinated with sacó (continues narrative)","gloss":"got","note":"Llegar is normally intransitive (\"to arrive\"); here it's used transitively/causatively to mean \"got [me] to.\""},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puerta","gloss":"all the way to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llegó","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hotel","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hotel","lemma":"hotel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies puerta","gloss":"hotel"}]},{"number":90,"label":"47","id":"la-coja-p47-s1","source":"–¿Y usted?","translation":"\"And you?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p47-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"depends on Y","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":91,"label":"48","id":"la-coja-p48-s1","source":"–Yo no gritaba porque sabía que lo iba a enfurecer.","translation":"\"I didn't scream because I knew it would enrage him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p48-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo iba a enfurecer","title":"«ir a» in the imperfect = 'was going to'","body":"«iba a» plus an infinitive is the past of «ir a», the near-future construction: «lo iba a enfurecer» = 'it was going to enrage him'. Reported from inside the past, it works like the English 'would'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of gritaba","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gritaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gritaba","lemma":"gritar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"screamed"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sabía","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"sabía","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on gritaba","gloss":"I knew"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of enfurecer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of enfurecer","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of enfurecer","gloss":"was going to"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of enfurecer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"enfurecer","lemma":"enfurecer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sabía","gloss":"enrage"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p48-s2","source":"Ya en la puerta del hotel se quedó mirándome como si no me conociera, con la frente hecha un bulto de arrugas, los ojos grandes.","translation":"Once at the hotel door he stood staring at me as if he didn't know me, his forehead bunched into a knot of wrinkles, his eyes huge.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p48-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se quedó mirándome","title":"«quedarse» + gerund","body":"«quedarse» plus a gerund means 'to remain / be left doing something': «se quedó mirándome» = 'he stood there looking at me', 'he kept staring'. It stresses a state that persists, here an unsettling, motionless stare."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quedó","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puerta","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of quedó","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hotel","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hotel","lemma":"hotel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies puerta","gloss":"hotel"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of quedó","gloss":"reflexive marker","note":"quedarse is a reflexive verb meaning 'to stay/remain' — se is not a separate 'himself.'"},{"surface":"quedó","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"mirándome","lemma":"mirar yo","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund complement of quedó","gloss":"staring at me"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of conociera","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of conociera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conociera","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of conociera","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"conociera","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on mirándome","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frente","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hecha","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"hecha","lemma":"hecho","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on quedó","gloss":"made into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bulto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bulto","lemma":"bulto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object complement of hecha","gloss":"knot"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arrugas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"arrugas","lemma":"arruga","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies bulto","gloss":"wrinkles"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of grandes","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"grandes","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies ojos","gloss":"huge"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p48-s3","source":"Corría un viento que hacía doblarse los árboles, yo me tapaba con los brazos, y él, sin decir palabra, no hacía más que mirarme, cuando frente a nosotros se detuvo un vigilante, mientras que de atrás lo agarraba por los brazos el portero, que se había despertado con el ruido.","translation":"A wind was blowing that bent the trees over, I covered myself with my arms, and he, without a word, did nothing but stare at me, when in front of us a policeman stopped, while from behind the night porter, who had woken at the noise, grabbed him by the arms.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p48-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"no hacía más que mirarme","title":"«no hacer más que» + infinitive","body":"«no hacer más que» plus an infinitive means 'to do nothing but': «no hacía más que mirarme» = 'he did nothing but stare at me'. It is the standard idiom for an action repeated to the exclusion of all else."}],"words":[{"surface":"Corría","lemma":"correr","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was blowing"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"viento","lemma":"viento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Corría","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hacía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying viento","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"doblarse","lemma":"doblarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacía","gloss":"bend over"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of árboles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"árboles","lemma":"árbol","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hacía","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of tapaba","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of tapaba","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"tapaba","lemma":"tapar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Corría","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tapaba","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hacía","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of decir","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hacía","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"palabra","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of decir","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hacía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tapaba","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hacía","gloss":"but","note":"'no hacía más que' is an idiom meaning 'did nothing but/only' — más literally means 'more' (comparative 'más...que' = 'more...than'); que in the next word carries the 'than' half, not a second 'but'."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mirarme","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"mirarme","lemma":"mirar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacía","gloss":"stare at me"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of detuvo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase frente","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"nosotros","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of detuvo","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of detuvo","gloss":"reflexive marker"},{"surface":"detuvo","lemma":"detener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hacía","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vigilante","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vigilante","lemma":"vigilante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of detuvo","gloss":"policeman"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mientras","gloss":"(no separate meaning — part of the compound conjunction mientras que, already glossed on mientras)"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atrás","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"atrás","lemma":"atrás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies agarraba","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of agarraba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"agarraba","lemma":"agarrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on detuvo","gloss":"grabbed"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazos","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of agarraba","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of portero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"portero","lemma":"portero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of agarraba","gloss":"porter"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of despertado","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of despertado","gloss":"reflexive marker"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of despertado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"despertado","lemma":"despertar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying portero","gloss":"woken up"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ruido","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ruido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ruido","lemma":"ruido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of despertado","gloss":"noise"}]},{"number":94,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p48-s4","source":"Y él gritaba que lo podían escuchar desde la esquina: Esta es la ramera... la que amó a los rufianes que tienen la carne como la carne del mulo...»","translation":"And he shouted so that they could hear him from the corner: \"This is the whore... the one who loved the pimps whose flesh is like the flesh of the mule...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p48-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"los rufianes","title":"«rufián»","body":"A «rufián» is a pimp, a man who lives off prostitutes — a recurring figure in Arlt's underworld. Ergueta's biblical-sounding tirade brands Hipólita with her past, mixing scripture and gutter slang in the same breath."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of gritaba","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gritaba","lemma":"gritar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of escuchar","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of escuchar","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"podían","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of escuchar","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"escuchar","lemma":"escuchar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of gritaba","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"desde","lemma":"desde","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esquina","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of esquina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esquina","lemma":"esquina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of escuchar","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"Esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to ramera","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ramera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ramera","lemma":"ramera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of es","gloss":"whore"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the relative clause, refers to ramera","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of amó","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"amó","lemma":"amar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying la","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rufianes","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of rufianes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rufianes","lemma":"rufián","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of amó","gloss":"pimps"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tienen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tienen","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying rufianes","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of carne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"carne","lemma":"carne","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tienen","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of carne","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of carne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"carne","lemma":"carne","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tienen","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mulo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mulo","lemma":"mulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies carne","gloss":"mule"}]},{"number":95,"label":"49","id":"la-coja-p49-s1","source":"–¿Pero cómo se acuerda usted de esas palabras?","translation":"\"But how do you remember those words?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p49-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se acuerda usted de","title":"«acordarse de»","body":"'To remember' is «acordarse de» — pronominal, and always followed by «de»: «¿cómo se acuerda usted de esas palabras?» = 'how do you remember those words?'. Its non-reflexive cousin «acordar» means something different ('to agree on / decide')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies acuerda","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies acuerda","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acuerda","gloss":"reflexive marker"},{"surface":"acuerda","lemma":"acordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember","note":"'acordarse de' is the idiom for 'to remember' — the de does not translate separately."},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of acuerda","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palabras","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of acuerda","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":96,"label":"50","id":"la-coja-p50-s1","source":"–Todo lo que pasó es como si lo estuviera viendo ahora.","translation":"\"Everything that happened is as if I were seeing it now.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p50-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner","role":"modifies lo","gloss":"everything","note":"'todo lo que' = 'everything that' — a fixed phrase built on the neuter article lo."},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of pasó","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pasó","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying lo","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of viendo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of viendo","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of viendo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"estuviera","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of viendo","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"viendo","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies viendo","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p50-s2","source":"El, entre una hoja de la puerta, tironeando para adentro; desde afuera el vigilante estirándolo, mientras el portero lo abrazaba por la garganta para hacerle perder fuerzas, y yo en el quicio esperando que eso terminara, pues se habían juntado varias personas que en vez de ayudarlo al vigilante se entretenían en mirarme a mí.","translation":"He, in the gap of one door-leaf, wrenching inward; from outside the policeman pulling at him, while the porter clamped him by the throat to sap his strength, and I in the doorway waiting for it to end, since several people had gathered who, instead of helping the policeman, amused themselves by staring at me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p50-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"esperando que eso terminara","title":"«esperar que» + subjunctive","body":"«esperar que» ('to wait / hope that') triggers the subjunctive: «esperando que eso terminara» = 'waiting for it to end'. Within a past narration the verb is the imperfect subjunctive «terminara»."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tironeando","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hoja","gloss":"in the gap of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of hoja","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"hoja","lemma":"hoja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of entre","gloss":"door-leaf"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puerta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hoja","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"tironeando","lemma":"tironear","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund complement of El","gloss":"wrenching"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking adentro","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"adentro","lemma":"adentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tironeando","gloss":"inward"},{"surface":"desde","lemma":"desde","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking afuera","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"afuera","lemma":"afuera","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estirándolo","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vigilante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vigilante","lemma":"vigilante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of estirándolo","gloss":"policeman"},{"surface":"estirándolo","lemma":"estirar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"parallel clause to tironeando","gloss":"pulling him"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of abrazaba","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of portero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"portero","lemma":"portero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of abrazaba","gloss":"porter"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of abrazaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"abrazaba","lemma":"abrazar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on estirándolo","gloss":"clamped"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking garganta","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of garganta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"garganta","lemma":"garganta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of abrazaba","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacerle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacerle","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on abrazaba","gloss":"make him"},{"surface":"perder","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacerle","gloss":"lose"},{"surface":"fuerzas","lemma":"fuerza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of perder","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of esperando","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quicio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of quicio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quicio","lemma":"quicio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of en","gloss":"doorway"},{"surface":"esperando","lemma":"esperar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"parallel clause to tironeando","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of terminara","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of terminara","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"terminara","lemma":"terminar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of esperando","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"pues","lemma":"pues","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of juntado","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of juntado","gloss":"reflexive marker"},{"surface":"habían","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of juntado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"juntado","lemma":"juntar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on terminara","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"varias","lemma":"varios","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of personas","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"personas","lemma":"persona","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of juntado","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of entretenían","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ayudarlo","gloss":"instead of","note":"'en vez de' is an idiom meaning 'instead of.'"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ayudarlo","lemma":"ayudar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on entretenían","gloss":"helping him"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vigilante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vigilante","lemma":"vigilante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ayudarlo","gloss":"policeman"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of entretenían","gloss":"reflexive marker"},{"surface":"entretenían","lemma":"entretener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying personas","gloss":"amused themselves"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of mirarme","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"mirarme","lemma":"mirar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on entretenían","gloss":"staring at me"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of mirarme","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p50-s3","source":"Menos mal que yo usé siempre un largo camisón de noche...","translation":"It's just as well I always wore a long nightgown...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p50-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Menos mal que","title":"«menos mal que»","body":"«menos mal que» means 'it's a good thing that / thank goodness': «menos mal que yo usé...» = 'it's just as well I wore...'. A fixed, very common spoken phrase expressing relief at how something turned out."}],"words":[{"surface":"Menos","lemma":"menos","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it's a good thing","note":"'menos mal que' is a fixed idiom meaning 'it's a good thing that' / 'just as well.'"},{"surface":"mal","lemma":"mal","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase Menos","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of usé","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of usé","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"usé","lemma":"usar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies usé","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of camisón","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"largo","lemma":"largo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies camisón","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"camisón","lemma":"camisón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of usé","gloss":"nightgown"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking noche","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies camisón","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p50-s4","source":"Por fin, con la ayuda de otros vigilantes a quienes avisó un mozo desde adentro con llamadas de auxilio, pudieron sacarlo para la comisaría.","translation":"Finally, with the help of other policemen whom a bellboy summoned from inside with cries for help, they managed to take him off to the police station.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p50-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la comisaría","title":"«comisaría»","body":"A «comisaría» is a police station or precinct. «sacarlo para la comisaría» = 'to take him off to the station'. Note «mozo» here is a hotel bellboy/waiter, another sense of a word that elsewhere means simply 'young man'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"finally","note":"'por fin' is an idiom meaning 'finally.'"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase Por","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ayuda","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ayuda","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ayuda","lemma":"ayuda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sacarlo","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vigilantes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of vigilantes","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"vigilantes","lemma":"vigilante","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"modifies ayuda","gloss":"policemen"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quienes","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"quienes","lemma":"quien","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of avisó","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"avisó","lemma":"avisar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying vigilantes","gloss":"summoned"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mozo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mozo","lemma":"mozo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of avisó","gloss":"bellboy"},{"surface":"desde","lemma":"desde","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking adentro","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"adentro","lemma":"adentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of avisó","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking llamadas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"llamadas","lemma":"llamada","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of avisó","gloss":"cries"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking auxilio","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"auxilio","lemma":"auxilio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies llamadas","gloss":"help"},{"surface":"pudieron","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of sacarlo","gloss":"managed to"},{"surface":"sacarlo","lemma":"sacar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"take him"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comisaría","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of comisaría","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"comisaría","lemma":"comisaría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sacarlo","gloss":"police station"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p50-s5","source":"Creían que estaba borracho... pero era un ataque de locura... Así lo diagnosticó el médico.","translation":"They thought he was drunk... but it was a fit of madness... That's how the doctor diagnosed it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p50-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Creían","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of borracho","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to borracho","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"borracho","lemma":"borracho","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Creían","gloss":"drunk"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Creían","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ataque","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ataque","lemma":"ataque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of era","gloss":"fit"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking locura","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"locura","lemma":"locura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ataque","gloss":"madness"},{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies diagnosticó","gloss":"that's how"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of diagnosticó","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"diagnosticó","lemma":"diagnosticar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"diagnosed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of médico","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"médico","lemma":"médico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of diagnosticó","gloss":"doctor"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p50-s6","source":"Deliraba con el arca de Noé...","translation":"He was raving about Noah's ark...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p50-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Deliraba","lemma":"delirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was raving"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arca","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of arca","gloss":"the","note":"arca is grammatically feminine even though it takes el — Spanish nouns starting with stressed a- (el arca, el agua) take the masculine article in the singular for sound reasons."},{"surface":"arca","lemma":"arca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Deliraba","gloss":"ark"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Noé","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Noé","lemma":"Noé","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies arca","gloss":"Noah"}]},{"number":102,"label":"51","id":"la-coja-p51-s1","source":"–Perfectamente... ¿y en qué puedo servirla? –Otra vez Erdosain sentía que lo importante del personaje reaparecía en su vida como un elemento novelesco que hay que cuidar como se cuida el lazo de la corbata en el desorden de un baile.","translation":"\"Very well... and how can I be of service to you?\" Once again Erdosain felt that the importance of the character was reappearing in his life like a novelistic element to be looked after the way one looks after the knot of one's tie in the disorder of a dance.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p51-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿en qué puedo servirla?","title":"«servir» + direct object person","body":"«servir a alguien» = 'to be of service to / help someone'. The pronoun «la» (here used for 'usted' addressed to a woman) attaches to the infinitive: «servirla» = 'serve you'. The whole phrase is a polite 'how may I help you?'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Perfectamente","lemma":"perfectamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"very well"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of servirla","gloss":"what","note":"'¿en qué puedo servirle?' is the set phrase for 'how can I help you?'"},{"surface":"puedo","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of servirla","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"servirla","lemma":"servir usted","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with Perfectamente","gloss":"serve you"},{"surface":"Otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentía","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sentía","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"sentía","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of reaparecía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of importante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"importante","lemma":"importante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"subject of reaparecía","gloss":"importance"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking personaje","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"personaje","lemma":"personaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies importante","gloss":"character"},{"surface":"reaparecía","lemma":"reaparecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sentía","gloss":"was reappearing"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of reaparecía","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of elemento","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of elemento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"elemento","lemma":"elemento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of reaparecía","gloss":"element"},{"surface":"novelesco","lemma":"novelesco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies elemento","gloss":"novelistic"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of cuidar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying elemento","gloss":"must","note":"'hay que' + infinitive is impersonal for 'one must / has to.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase hay","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cuidar","lemma":"cuidar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hay","gloss":"look after"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cuida","gloss":"the way"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"impersonal particle of cuida","gloss":"one","note":"impersonal 'se': 'se cuida' = 'one looks after,' not a true reflexive 'himself.'"},{"surface":"cuida","lemma":"cuidar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on cuidar","gloss":"looks after"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lazo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lazo","lemma":"lazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cuida","gloss":"knot"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corbata","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of corbata","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corbata","lemma":"corbata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lazo","gloss":"tie"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desorden","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of desorden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desorden","lemma":"desorden","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cuida","gloss":"disorder"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking baile","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of baile","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"baile","lemma":"baile","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies desorden","gloss":"dance"}]},{"number":103,"label":"52","id":"la-coja-p52-s1","source":"–En fin, yo lo molestaba a ver si usted provisoriamente podía ayudarme. Con la familia de él no puedo contar absolutamente para nada.","translation":"\"Well, I was troubling you to see whether you might be able to help me for the time being. On his family I can't count for absolutely anything.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p52-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no puedo contar... con la familia","title":"«contar con» = 'to count on'","body":"«contar con» means 'to count on / rely on someone': «no puedo contar con la familia de él» = 'I can't count on his family'. Without «con», «contar» means 'to count' (numbers) or 'to tell' (a story)."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"well","note":"'en fin' is a filler idiom meaning roughly 'well' or 'anyway.'"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase En","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of molestaba","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of molestaba","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"molestaba","lemma":"molestar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was troubling"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ver","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of molestaba","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ayudarme","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of ayudarme","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"provisoriamente","lemma":"provisoriamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ayudarme","gloss":"for the time being"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ayudarme","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ayudarme","lemma":"ayudar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of ver","gloss":"help me"},{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking familia","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of familia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"familia","lemma":"familia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of contar","gloss":"family"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"modifies familia","gloss":"him","note":"'de él' together = 'his' — él itself means 'he/him,' not 'his' (that would be su)."},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies contar","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"puedo","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of contar","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"contar","lemma":"contar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"count"},{"surface":"absolutamente","lemma":"absolutamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies contar","gloss":"absolutely"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nada","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of contar","gloss":"anything"}]},{"number":104,"label":"53","id":"la-coja-p53-s1","source":"–¿Pero usted no se casó en la casa de él?","translation":"\"But didn't you marry into his family's house?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p53-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies casó","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of casó","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies casó","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of casó","gloss":"reflexive marker"},{"surface":"casó","lemma":"casar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"married"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of casó","gloss":"house","note":"'casarse en la casa de alguien' — a traditional phrase for marrying into and moving in with someone's family."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":105,"label":"54","id":"la-coja-p54-s1","source":"–Sí, pero cuando volvimos de Montevideo después que nos casamos, fuimos un día de visita... imagínese... de visita en una casa donde yo había sido sirvienta.","translation":"\"Yes, but when we came back from Montevideo after we married, we went one day to visit... imagine... to visit a house where I had been a maid.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p54-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"imagínese","title":"Reflexive command with «usted»","body":"«imagínese» is the «usted» command of «imaginarse», with the reflexive «se» attached: 'imagine (to yourself)'. Used as an aside, it means 'just imagine!', inviting the listener to picture the awkward scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse marker opening the reply","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of volvimos","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"volvimos","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on fuimos","gloss":"came back"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Montevideo","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Montevideo","lemma":"Montevideo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of volvimos","gloss":"Montevideo"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial clause on volvimos","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of casamos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of casamos","gloss":"reflexive marker"},{"surface":"casamos","lemma":"casar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clause modifying después","gloss":"married"},{"surface":"fuimos","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fuimos","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking visita","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"visita","lemma":"visita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies día","gloss":"visit"},{"surface":"imagínese","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal 'usted', singular, reflexive","role":"head of the phrase, parenthetical","gloss":"imagine that","note":"Imperative of imaginarse (formal usted), dropped in as an aside: 'imagine that!'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking visita","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"visita","lemma":"visita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fuimos","gloss":"visit"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies visita","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of había","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of había","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sido","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"copula linking to sirvienta","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"sirvienta","lemma":"sirvienta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of sido","gloss":"a maid"}]},{"number":106,"label":"55","id":"la-coja-p55-s1","source":"–¡Qué colosal!","translation":"\"How extraordinary!\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p55-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of colosal","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"colosal","lemma":"colosal","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"extraordinary"}]},{"number":107,"label":"56","id":"la-coja-p56-s1","source":"–La indignación de esa gente usted no se la imagina. Una día de él... pero ¡para qué contar tantas mezquindades!... ¿no le parece? La vida es así y listo. Nos echaron y nos fuimos. Paciencia, mala suerte.","translation":"\"You can't imagine those people's indignation. One of his days... but what's the use of recounting so many mean little things!... don't you think? Life is like that, and that's that. They threw us out and we left. Patience, bad luck.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p56-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"y listo","title":"«y listo»","body":"«y listo» is a casual tag meaning 'and that's that / and done': «la vida es así y listo» = 'life is like that, and that's that'. The closing «paciencia, mala suerte» ('patience, bad luck') is Hipólita's fatalistic shrug — a phrase Erdosain later finds vulgar."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of indignación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"indignación","lemma":"indignación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"topicalized direct object of imagina","gloss":"indignation"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gente","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies indignación","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of imagina","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies imagina","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of imagina","gloss":"reflexive marker"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of imagina","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"imagina","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imagine"},{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"one","note":"Sic — 'una' with masculine 'día' is a gender slip in the original text; standard Spanish would be 'un día.'"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"modifies día","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of contar","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"contar","lemma":"contar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the exclamation","gloss":"recounting"},{"surface":"tantas","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mezquindades","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"mezquindades","lemma":"mezquindad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of contar","gloss":"mean little things"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies parece","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parece","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seem"},{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to así","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate of es","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"listo","lemma":"listo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with así","gloss":"that's that","note":"'y listo' is a fixed colloquial tag meaning 'and that's that / end of story.'"},{"surface":"Nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of echaron","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"echaron","lemma":"echar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw out"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of fuimos","gloss":"reflexive marker"},{"surface":"fuimos","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with echaron","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"Paciencia","lemma":"paciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"patience"},{"surface":"mala","lemma":"malo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies suerte","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"suerte","lemma":"suerte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Paciencia","gloss":"luck"}]},{"number":108,"label":"57","id":"la-coja-p57-s1","source":"–Lo raro es que usted haya sido sirvienta.","translation":"\"The strange thing is that you should have been a maid.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p57-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Lo raro es que usted haya sido","title":"Value judgment + subjunctive","body":"Expressions of evaluation like «lo raro es que» ('the strange thing is that') take the subjunctive: «que usted haya sido sirvienta» = 'that you were/should have been a maid'. «haya sido» is the present perfect subjunctive of «ser»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of raro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"raro","lemma":"raro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"strange thing"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of haya","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of haya","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"haya","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sido","gloss":"have","note":"Present-perfect subjunctive ('haya sido') conveys 'should have been' — the subjunctive is triggered by 'lo raro es que.'"},{"surface":"sido","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"copula linking to sirvienta","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"sirvienta","lemma":"sirvienta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of sido","gloss":"a maid"}]},{"number":109,"label":"58","id":"la-coja-p58-s1","source":"–No tiene nada de particular...","translation":"\"There's nothing unusual about it...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p58-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"No tiene nada de particular","title":"«no tener nada de» + adjective","body":"«no tener nada de» plus an adjective means 'to be not at all ...': «no tiene nada de particular» = 'there's nothing special/unusual about it'. The «de» links the verb to the quality being denied."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking particular","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"particular","lemma":"particular","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"unusual"}]},{"number":110,"label":"59","id":"la-coja-p59-s1","source":"–Es que usted no causa esa impresión...","translation":"\"It's that you don't give that impression...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p59-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Es que","title":"«es que» = 'the thing is'","body":"Beginning an answer with «es que» softens an explanation or excuse: «es que usted no causa esa impresión» = 'it's just that you don't give that impression'. It frames what follows as the reason behind a previous remark."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of causa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of causa","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies causa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"causa","lemma":"causar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Es","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impresión","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"impresión","lemma":"impresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of causa","gloss":"impression"}]},{"number":111,"label":"60","id":"la-coja-p60-s1","source":"–Gracias... el caso es que al salir del hotel tuve que empeñar un anillo... y necesito administrar el poco dinero que tengo...","translation":"\"Thank you... the thing is that on leaving the hotel I had to pawn a ring... and I need to make the little money I have last...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p60-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"empeñar","title":"«empeñar» = 'to pawn'","body":"«empeñar» means 'to pawn', to leave an object at a pawnshop as security for a loan: «tuve que empeñar un anillo» = 'I had to pawn a ring'. Earlier Ergueta «empeñó» the very necklace he claimed she gave away — pawning runs all through their broke, drifting life."}],"words":[{"surface":"Gracias","lemma":"gracias","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thanks"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caso","lemma":"caso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tuve","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking salir","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"salir","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tuve","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hotel","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"hotel","lemma":"hotel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of salir","gloss":"hotel"},{"surface":"tuve","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase tuve","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"empeñar","lemma":"empeñar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of tuve","gloss":"pawn"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of anillo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"anillo","lemma":"anillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of empeñar","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"necesito","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tuve","gloss":"I need"},{"surface":"administrar","lemma":"administrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of necesito","gloss":"to manage, to make last"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"article, definite, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dinero","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of administrare","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tengo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying dinero","gloss":"have"}]},{"number":112,"label":"61","id":"la-coja-p61-s1","source":"–¿Y la farmacia?","translation":"\"And the pharmacy?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p61-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of farmacia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"farmacia","lemma":"farmacia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"pharmacy"}]},{"number":113,"label":"62","id":"la-coja-p62-s1","source":"–Está a cargo de un idóneo. Le he telegrafiado que envíe dinero... pero él me ha contestado que tiene órdenes de la familia de Ergueta de no entregarme un centavo. En fin...","translation":"\"It's in the charge of a licensed assistant. I've wired him to send money... but he's answered that he has orders from Ergueta's family not to hand me a cent. Anyway...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p62-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Le he telegrafiado que envíe dinero","title":"Verb of request + subjunctive","body":"When you ask someone to do something, the request triggers the subjunctive: «le he telegrafiado que envíe dinero» = 'I've wired him to send money'. «envíe» is the present subjunctive of «enviar» — a command embedded in reported speech."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un idóneo","title":"«idóneo»","body":"As an adjective «idóneo» means 'suitable, qualified'; as a noun in old Argentine usage it meant a licensed pharmacy assistant — someone certified to run a «farmacia» without being a full pharmacist. That is the sense here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to idóneo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking idóneo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cargo","lemma":"cargo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"charge"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of idóneo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"idóneo","lemma":"idóneo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"assistant","note":"'idóneo' — Argentine term for a licensed pharmacy assistant, certified to run a pharmacy without a full pharmacist's degree."},{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of telegrafiado","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of telegrafiado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"telegrafiado","lemma":"telegrafiar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wired"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of envíe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"envíe","lemma":"enviar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of telegrafiado","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of envíe","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of contestado","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of contestado","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of contestado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"contestado","lemma":"contestar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with telegrafiado","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tiene","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of contestado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"órdenes","lemma":"orden","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"orders"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking familia","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of familia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"familia","lemma":"familia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies órdenes","gloss":"family"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ergueta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies familia","gloss":"Ergueta"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of entregarme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies entregarme","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"entregarme","lemma":"entregar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying órdenes","gloss":"hand me"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of centavo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"centavo","lemma":"centavo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of entregarme","gloss":"cent"},{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase En","gloss":"short","note":"'En fin' is a fixed idiom meaning 'anyway / in short.'"}]},{"number":114,"label":"63","id":"la-coja-p63-s1","source":"–¿Y usted qué piensa hacer?","translation":"\"And what do you plan to do?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p63-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿qué piensa hacer?","title":"«pensar» + infinitive = 'to intend'","body":"«pensar» plus an infinitive means 'to intend / plan to': «¿qué piensa hacer?» = 'what do you plan to do?'. This differs from «pensar en» ('to think about') and «pensar que» ('to think that')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of piensa","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"piensa","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of piensa","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":115,"label":"64","id":"la-coja-p64-s1","source":"–Eso es lo que no sé... Si volver a Pico, o esperar aquí.","translation":"\"That's what I don't know... Whether to go back to Pico, or wait here.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p64-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Si volver a Pico, o esperar aquí","title":"«si» + infinitive for a dilemma","body":"«si» plus an infinitive frames an open choice one is weighing: «si volver a Pico, o esperar aquí» = '(whether) to go back to Pico, or wait here'. Here «si» means 'whether', not 'if', presenting two options."}],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of sé","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of volver","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"volver","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of sé","gloss":"to go back"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Pico","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Pico","lemma":"Pico","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of volver","gloss":"Pico"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"esperar","lemma":"esperar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with volver","gloss":"wait"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies esperar","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":116,"label":"65","id":"la-coja-p65-s1","source":"–¡Qué lío!...","translation":"\"What a mess!...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p65-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"¡Qué lío!","title":"«lío»","body":"«lío» means a 'mess, tangle, jam' — a complicated, troublesome situation. «¡qué lío!» = 'what a mess!'. A very common colloquial exclamation; it can also mean a messy love affair."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of lío","gloss":"what a"},{"surface":"lío","lemma":"lío","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mess"}]},{"number":117,"label":"66","id":"la-coja-p66-s1","source":"–Créame, estoy harta ya.","translation":"\"Believe me, I'm fed up by now.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p66-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"estoy harta","title":"«estar harto/a de»","body":"«estar harto/a» means 'to be fed up, sick of': «estoy harta ya» = 'I'm fed up by now' (feminine «harta» for a woman). To name what one is sick of, add «de»: «harta de todo» = 'fed up with everything'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Créame","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal 'usted', singular, with attached clitic 'me'","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"believe me"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to harta","gloss":"I'm"},{"surface":"harta","lemma":"harto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of estoy","gloss":"fed up"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies harta","gloss":"by now"}]},{"number":118,"label":"67","id":"la-coja-p67-s1","source":"–Bueno, el caso es que hoy no tengo dinero. Mañana, sí, tendré...","translation":"\"Well, the thing is that today I have no money. Tomorrow, yes, I'll have some...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p67-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bueno","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"modifies es","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caso","lemma":"caso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tengo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hoy","lemma":"hoy","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tengo","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tengo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tengo","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"Mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tendré","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"interjection","role":"modifies tendré","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"tendré","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'll have"}]},{"number":119,"label":"68","id":"la-coja-p68-s1","source":"–¿Sabe?... Esos pocos pesos quiero reservarlos por si acaso...","translation":"\"You know?... Those few pesos I want to keep just in case...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p68-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"por si acaso","title":"«por si acaso»","body":"«por si acaso» means 'just in case': «quiero reservarlos por si acaso» = 'I want to keep them just in case'. A set phrase; «por si» alone plus a verb works the same way ('in case ...')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"Esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pesos","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"pocos","lemma":"poco","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pesos","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"topicalized direct object of reservarlos","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I want"},{"surface":"reservarlos","lemma":"reservar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiero","gloss":"keep them"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies reservarlos","gloss":"for","note":"'por si acaso' is a fixed idiom meaning 'just in case.'"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"acaso","lemma":"acaso","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"perhaps"}]},{"number":120,"label":"69","id":"la-coja-p69-s1","source":"–Y en tanto usted averigüe algo serio... si quiere puede quedarse aquí. Precisamente, al lado hay una pieza vacía. ¿Y qué más desea?","translation":"\"And while you look into something solid... if you like you can stay here. As it happens, there's an empty room next door. And what else do you want?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p69-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"en tanto usted averigüe","title":"«en tanto» + subjunctive","body":"«en tanto (que)» here means 'while / as long as' and, pointing to something not yet done, takes the subjunctive: «en tanto usted averigüe algo» = 'while you look into something'. «averigüe» is the subjunctive of «averiguar» — note the diaeresis keeps the «u» sounded."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"una pieza vacía","title":"«pieza» = 'room'","body":"In River Plate Spanish «pieza» commonly means a 'room' (especially a bedroom or rented room), where Spain would say «habitación» or «cuarto». «al lado hay una pieza vacía» = 'there's an empty room next door'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies averigüe","gloss":"while","note":"'en tanto (que)' = 'while, as long as' — a fixed temporal conjunction."},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of averigüe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"averigüe","lemma":"averiguar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look into"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of averigüe","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"serio","lemma":"serio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"solid"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quiere","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on puede","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of quedarse","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"quedarse","lemma":"quedar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of puede","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quedarse","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"Precisamente","lemma":"precisamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"as it happens"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"lado","lemma":"lado","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase al","gloss":"side","note":"'al lado' = 'next door / right beside' (idiom, literally 'at the side')."},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pieza","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pieza","lemma":"pieza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"vacía","lemma":"vacío","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pieza","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies desea","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of desea","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies desea","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"desea","lemma":"desear","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"}]},{"number":121,"label":"70","id":"la-coja-p70-s1","source":"–Ver si usted lo puede sacar del hospicio.","translation":"\"To see if you can get him out of the asylum.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p70-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence, elliptical for '[quiero] ver'","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sacar","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of sacar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sacar","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sacar","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"sacar","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of Ver","gloss":"get out"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hospicio","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"hospicio","lemma":"hospicio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sacar","gloss":"asylum"}]},{"number":122,"label":"71","id":"la-coja-p71-s1","source":"–¿Cómo lo voy a sacar si está loco? Veremos. Bueno...esta noche se queda a dormir aquí. Yo me las arreglaré en el sofá... aunque es probable que no duerma aquí.","translation":"\"How am I going to get him out if he's insane? We'll see. All right... tonight you'll stay and sleep here. I'll manage on the sofa... though I'll probably not sleep here.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p71-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Yo me las arreglaré","title":"«arreglárselas»","body":"«arreglárselas» is a fixed idiom meaning 'to manage, to get by, to cope': «me las arreglaré en el sofá» = 'I'll manage on the sofa'. The «las» is a frozen feminine pronoun with no separate antecedent — the phrase only works with it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of sacar","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sacar","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sacar","gloss":"am going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase voy","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sacar","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"get out"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of está","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to loco","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of está","gloss":"insane"},{"surface":"Veremos","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we'll see"},{"surface":"Bueno","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"modifies queda","gloss":"all right"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of queda","gloss":"tonight"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of queda","gloss":"reflexive marker"},{"surface":"queda","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dormir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dormir","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of queda","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dormir","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of arreglaré","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of arreglaré","gloss":"reflexive marker"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of arreglaré","gloss":"things","note":"'arreglárselas' = 'to manage/cope' — a fixed reflexive idiom; 'las' has no independent referent."},{"surface":"arreglaré","lemma":"arreglar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'll manage"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sofá","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sofá","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sofá","lemma":"sofá","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arreglaré","gloss":"sofa"},{"surface":"aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of probable","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to probable","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"probable","lemma":"probable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate of es","gloss":"probable"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of duerma","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies duerma","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"duerma","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of probable","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies duerma","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":123,"label":"72","id":"la-coja-p72-s1","source":"Otra vez la mujer filtró entre las pestañas rojas, su malévola mirada verdosa.","translation":"Once again the woman let her malevolent greenish gaze filter through her red lashes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p72-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of filtró","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of filtró","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"filtró","lemma":"filtrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"filtered"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pestañas","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of pestañas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pestañas","lemma":"pestaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of filtró","gloss":"lashes"},{"surface":"rojas","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies pestañas","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"malévola","lemma":"malévolo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"malevolent"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of filtró","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"verdosa","lemma":"verdoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"greenish"}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p72-s2","source":"Era como si proyectara su alma sobre el relieve de las ideas del hombre, para recoger un calco de sus intenciones.","translation":"It was as if she projected her soul onto the relief of the man's ideas, to take a tracing of his intentions.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p72-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si proyectara","title":"«como si» + imperfect subjunctive","body":"«como si» ('as if') again calls for the imperfect subjunctive: «como si proyectara su alma» = 'as if she were projecting her soul'. The construction is unreal, so the indicative is impossible here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of proyectara","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of proyectara","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"proyectara","lemma":"proyectar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Era","gloss":"projected"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of proyectara","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking relieve","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of relieve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"relieve","lemma":"relieve","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of proyectara","gloss":"relief"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ideas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ideas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ideas","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies relieve","gloss":"ideas"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ideas","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of recoger","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"recoger","lemma":"recoger","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on proyectara","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of calco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"calco","lemma":"calco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of recoger","gloss":"tracing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking intenciones","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of intenciones","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"intenciones","lemma":"intención","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies calco","gloss":"intentions"}]},{"number":125,"label":"73","id":"la-coja-p73-s1","source":"–Bueno, acepto...","translation":"\"All right, I accept...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p73-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bueno","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"modifies acepto","gloss":"all right"},{"surface":"acepto","lemma":"aceptar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I accept"}]},{"number":126,"label":"74","id":"la-coja-p74-s1","source":"–Mañana, si quiere, le daré dinero para que se vaya tranquila a vivir a un hotel si no prefiere quedarse aquí.","translation":"\"Tomorrow, if you like, I'll give you money so you can go off and live in peace at a hotel, if you'd rather not stay here.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p74-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"para que se vaya tranquila","title":"«para que» + subjunctive","body":"«para que» ('so that, in order that') always takes the subjunctive when the two clauses have different subjects: «para que se vaya tranquila» = 'so that you can go off in peace'. «se vaya» is the subjunctive of «irse»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies daré","gloss":"Tomorrow"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quiere","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on daré","gloss":"you like"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of daré","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"daré","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'll give"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of daré","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vaya","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vaya","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of vaya","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"vaya","lemma":"irse","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on daré","gloss":"go off"},{"surface":"tranquila","lemma":"tranquilo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement describing the subject of vaya","gloss":"in peace"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vivir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vivir","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of vaya","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hotel","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hotel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hotel","lemma":"hotel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vivir","gloss":"hotel"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of prefiere","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies prefiere","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"prefiere","lemma":"preferir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on vaya","gloss":"you'd rather"},{"surface":"quedarse","lemma":"quedar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of prefiere","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quedarse","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":127,"label":"75","id":"la-coja-p75-s1","source":"Mas de pronto, encocorado contra Hipólita por un pensamiento que acababa de resbalar en su entendimiento, dijo:","translation":"But suddenly, irritated with Hipólita by a thought that had just slipped into his understanding, he said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p75-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"acababa de resbalar","title":"«acabar de» + infinitive = 'to have just'","body":"«acabar de» plus an infinitive means 'to have just done something': «acababa de resbalar» = 'had just slipped'. In the imperfect, as here, it sets the action immediately before the main past moment."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces dijo","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"suddenly","note":"\"De pronto\" is an idiom meaning \"suddenly.\""},{"surface":"encocorado","lemma":"encocorado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"describes the subject of dijo","gloss":"irritated","note":"\"Encocorado\" is a colloquial Argentine word meaning \"annoyed/irritated.\""},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hipólita","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of encocorado","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensamiento","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pensamiento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pensamiento","lemma":"pensamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encocorado","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of acababa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"acababa","lemma":"acabar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying pensamiento","gloss":"had just"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of resbalar","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"resbalar","lemma":"resbalar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of acababa","gloss":"slipped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking entendimiento","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of entendimiento","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"entendimiento","lemma":"entendimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of resbalar","gloss":"understanding"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":128,"label":"76","id":"la-coja-p76-s1","source":"–¿Sabe usted que no debe quererlo a Eduardo?...","translation":"\"Do you know that you must not love Eduardo?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p76-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you know"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of Sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the complement clause of Sabe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies debe","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of quererlo","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"quererlo","lemma":"querer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the que-clause","gloss":"love him","note":"\"Quererlo a Eduardo\" doubles the object (clitic lo + explicit a Eduardo), a common Rioplatense construction."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Eduardo","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"Eduardo","lemma":"Eduardo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of quererlo","gloss":"Eduardo"}]},{"number":129,"label":"77","id":"la-coja-p77-s1","source":"–¿Por qué?","translation":"\"Why?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p77-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"why"}]},{"number":130,"label":"78","id":"la-coja-p78-s1","source":"–Es evidente. Usted llega aquí, me habla de todo este drama con una tranquilidad que asombra... y naturalmente, entonces... ¿qué es lo que uno va a pensar de usted?","translation":"\"It's obvious. You arrive here, you tell me about this whole drama with a calm that astonishes... and naturally, then... what is one to think of you?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p78-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"qué es lo que uno va a pensar","title":"Impersonal «uno»","body":"«uno» ('one') stands in for a generic person, often softening a pointed remark about the listener: «¿qué va a pensar uno de usted?» = 'what is one to think of you?'. Erdosain hides his own judgment behind this impersonal 'one'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to evidente","gloss":"it's"},{"surface":"evidente","lemma":"evidente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"obvious"},{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of llega","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"llega","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arrive"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llega","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of habla","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"habla","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with llega","gloss":"you tell"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking drama","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of este","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of drama","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"drama","lemma":"drama","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of habla","gloss":"drama"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tranquilidad","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tranquilidad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tranquilidad","lemma":"tranquilidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of habla","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of asombra","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"asombra","lemma":"asombrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying tranquilidad","gloss":"astonishes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"naturalmente","lemma":"naturalmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with llega","gloss":"naturally"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies naturalmente","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"part of the relative phrase lo que (complement of es)","gloss":"what","note":"\"Lo que\" together means \"what/that which.\""},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of pensar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pensar","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pensar","gloss":"is going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pensar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pensar","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"object of de, complement of pensar","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":131,"label":"79","id":"la-coja-p79-s1","source":"Al decir estas palabras, Erdosain había comenzado a pasearse en el reducido espacio de la habitación.","translation":"As he said these words, Erdosain had begun to pace about the cramped space of the room.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p79-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking decir","gloss":"As"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on comenzado","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"estas","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of decir","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of comenzado","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of comenzado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"comenzado","lemma":"comenzar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"begun"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pasearse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pasearse","lemma":"pasear él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of comenzado","gloss":"pace about"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espacio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espacio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"reducido","lemma":"reducido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies espacio","gloss":"cramped"},{"surface":"espacio","lemma":"espacio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasearse","gloss":"space"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking habitación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of habitación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"habitación","lemma":"habitación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies espacio","gloss":"room"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p79-s2","source":"Sentíase inquieto, y de reojo examinaba el ovalado rostro pecoso, con las finas cejas rojas bajo la visera verde del sombrero, y los labios como inflamados, mientras que las dos alas de cabello color de cobre ceñían las sienes cubriendo las orejas, y las pupilas transparentes lanzaban haces de mirada.","translation":"He felt uneasy, and out of the corner of his eye he studied the oval freckled face, with its fine red eyebrows under the green brim of the hat, and the lips as if inflamed, while the two wings of copper-colored hair hugged her temples, covering her ears, and the transparent pupils flung out shafts of gaze.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p79-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sentíase inquieto","title":"Enclitic pronoun on a finite verb","body":"In literary Spanish a pronoun may attach to the end of a finite verb that opens a sentence: «sentíase» = «se sentía», 'he felt'. Arlt uses this slightly archaic enclitic placement for rhythm; in everyday Spanish the pronoun comes before the verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sentíase","lemma":"sentir él","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"He felt","note":"\"Sentíase\" is the literary/older style of attaching \"se\" to the end of a conjugated verb (=\"se sentía\")."},{"surface":"inquieto","lemma":"inquieto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Sentíase","gloss":"uneasy"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking reojo","gloss":"sideways"},{"surface":"reojo","lemma":"reojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies examinaba","gloss":"sideways","note":"\"De reojo\" is an idiom meaning \"out of the corner of one's eye.\""},{"surface":"examinaba","lemma":"examinar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Sentíase","gloss":"studied"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ovalado","lemma":"ovalado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"oval"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of examinaba","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"pecoso","lemma":"pecoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"freckled"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cejas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cejas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"finas","lemma":"fino","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cejas","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"cejas","lemma":"ceja","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"eyebrows"},{"surface":"rojas","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cejas","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking visera","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of visera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"visera","lemma":"visera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cejas","gloss":"brim"},{"surface":"verde","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies visera","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sombrero","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"sombrero","lemma":"sombrero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies visera","gloss":"hat"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of labios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"labios","lemma":"labio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with rostro","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of inflamados","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"inflamados","lemma":"inflamado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies labios","gloss":"inflamed"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mientras","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of alas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies las","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"alas","lemma":"ala","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of ceñían","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabello","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cabello","lemma":"cabello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies alas","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"color","lemma":"color","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cabello","gloss":"color"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cobre","lemma":"cobre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies color","gloss":"copper"},{"surface":"ceñían","lemma":"ceñir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the mientras que clause","gloss":"hugged"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of sienes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sienes","lemma":"sien","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of ceñían","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"cubriendo","lemma":"cubrir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on ceñían","gloss":"covering"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of orejas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orejas","lemma":"oreja","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of cubriendo","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of pupilas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pupilas","lemma":"pupila","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of lanzaban","gloss":"pupils"},{"surface":"transparentes","lemma":"transparente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies pupilas","gloss":"transparent"},{"surface":"lanzaban","lemma":"lanzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with ceñían","gloss":"flung out"},{"surface":"haces","lemma":"haz","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of lanzaban","gloss":"shafts"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mirada","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies haces","gloss":"gaze"}]},{"number":133,"label":"80","id":"la-coja-p80-s1","source":"–No tiene casi senos –pensó Erdosain.","translation":"\"She has almost no breasts,\" Erdosain thought.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p80-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of pensó","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies senos","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"senos","lemma":"seno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"pensó","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of pensó","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p80-s2","source":"Hipólita miraba en redor; de pronto, sonriendo amablemente, le preguntó:","translation":"Hipólita looked around; suddenly, smiling kindly, she asked him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p80-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of miraba","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"miraba","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking redor","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"redor","lemma":"redor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of miraba","gloss":"around","note":"\"En redor\" is an old-fashioned way of saying \"around\" (=\"alrededor\")."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies preguntó","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"suddenly","note":"\"De pronto\" is an idiom meaning \"suddenly.\""},{"surface":"sonriendo","lemma":"sonreir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on preguntó","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"amablemente","lemma":"amablemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sonriendo","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of preguntó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"preguntó","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with miraba","gloss":"asked"}]},{"number":135,"label":"81","id":"la-coja-p81-s1","source":"–¿Qué es lo que usted, m'hijito, esperaba de mí?","translation":"\"What was it, my dear boy, that you expected of me?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p81-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"m'hijito","title":"«m'hijito»","body":"«m'hijito» is a contraction of «mi hijito» ('my little son'), a coaxing, familiar address — 'my dear', 'sonny'. Coming from a near-stranger and, as the next line says, with a 'brothel' edge, it presumes an intimacy that needles Erdosain."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"part of the relative phrase lo que (complement of es)","gloss":"what","note":"\"Lo que\" together means \"what/that which.\""},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of esperaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of esperaba","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"m'hijito","lemma":"mi hijito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to usted","gloss":"my dear boy","note":"\"M'hijito\" is a colloquial elision of \"mi hijito\" (\"my little son\"), used as an affectionate/patronizing form of address."},{"surface":"esperaba","lemma":"esperar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"expected"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"object of de, complement of esperaba","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":136,"label":"82","id":"la-coja-p82-s1","source":"Erdosain se sintió irritado por ese «m'hijito» intempestivo y prostibulario que se sumaba al canalla «paciencia, mala suerte».","translation":"Erdosain felt irritated by that untimely, brothel-tinged \"m'hijito\" that added itself to the contemptible \"patience, bad luck.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p82-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"prostibulario","title":"«prostibulario»","body":"«prostibulario» means 'of the brothel', whorehouse-like (from «prostíbulo», 'brothel'). Erdosain hears in her endearment the tone of the bordello, which together with her fatalistic «paciencia, mala suerte» confirms his image of her as common, even degraded."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sintió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sintió","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"sintió","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"irritado","lemma":"irritado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of sintió","gloss":"irritated"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking m'hijito","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of m'hijito","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"m'hijito","lemma":"mi hijito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of por, complement of irritado","gloss":"'m'hijito'","note":"\"M'hijito\" is a colloquial elision of \"mi hijito\" (\"my little son\"); here it's the word itself, quoted."},{"surface":"intempestivo","lemma":"intempestivo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies m'hijito","gloss":"untimely"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"prostibulario","lemma":"prostibulario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with intempestivo","gloss":"brothel-tinged","note":"\"Prostibulario\" (from prostíbulo, \"brothel\") describes something with a low, brothel-like coarseness."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sumaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sumaba","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"sumaba","lemma":"sumar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying m'hijito","gloss":"added itself"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking canalla","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"canalla","lemma":"canalla","morphology":"adjective, invariable","role":"modifies the quotation paciencia, mala suerte","gloss":"contemptible"},{"surface":"paciencia","lemma":"paciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the quoted phrase paciencia, mala suerte","gloss":"patience"},{"surface":"mala","lemma":"malo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies suerte","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"suerte","lemma":"suerte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the quoted phrase paciencia, mala suerte","gloss":"luck"}]},{"number":137,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p82-s2","source":"Por fin, dijo:","translation":"At last he said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p82-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"At last"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase Por","gloss":"at last","note":"\"Por fin\" is an idiom meaning \"at last / finally.\""},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":138,"label":"83","id":"la-coja-p83-s1","source":"–No sé... en fin, me la imaginaba a usted menos fría... hay momentos en que da usted la idea de que es una mujer perversa... puede que me equivoque, pero... en fin... allá usted...","translation":"\"I don't know... well, I imagined you less cold... there are moments when you give the idea that you're a wicked woman... maybe I'm wrong, but... well... that's your business...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p83-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"puede que me equivoque","title":"«puede que» + subjunctive","body":"«puede que» ('it may be that / maybe') always takes the subjunctive: «puede que me equivoque» = 'maybe I'm mistaken'. The closing «allá usted» is an idiom — 'that's up to you / that's your business' — washing his hands of the judgment."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies imaginaba","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"well","note":"\"En fin\" is a discourse marker meaning \"well / anyway.\""},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"indirect object of imaginaba","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of imaginaba","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"imaginaba","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"imagined"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"(object marker)","note":"\"Me la imaginaba a usted\" doubles the object: clitic la plus explicit a usted, a common Rioplatense construction for emphasis."},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"direct object of imaginaba","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"menos","lemma":"menos","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fría","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"fría","lemma":"frío","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of imaginaba","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"momentos","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of en (relative clause modifying momentos)","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying momentos","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of da","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of idea","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of da","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to mujer","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun of es","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"perversa","lemma":"perverso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mujer","gloss":"wicked"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"maybe","note":"\"Puede que\" is an idiom meaning \"maybe/perhaps\" (+ subjunctive)."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of equivoque","gloss":"maybe"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"reflexive particle of equivoque","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"equivoque","lemma":"equivocar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of puede","gloss":"am wrong"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the discourse marker en fin","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"well","note":"\"En fin\" is a discourse marker meaning \"well / anyway.\""},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom allá usted","gloss":"that's your business","note":"\"Allá usted\" is an idiom meaning \"that's your business / up to you.\""},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"part of the idiom allá usted","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":139,"label":"84","id":"la-coja-p84-s1","source":"Hipólita se levantó:","translation":"Hipólita stood up:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p84-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of levantó","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood up"}]},{"number":140,"label":"85","id":"la-coja-p85-s1","source":"–M'hijito, yo nunca he hecho comedias. He venido a usted, sencillamente, porque sabía que usted era su mejor amigo.","translation":"\"My dear boy, I have never put on an act. I've come to you, quite simply, because I knew you were his best friend.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p85-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hacer comedias","title":"«hacer comedias»","body":"«hacer comedias» means 'to put on an act, to play-act, to make a fuss for effect': «nunca he hecho comedias» = 'I have never put on an act'. It throws Erdosain's own self-image — playing 'the comedy of the impassive man' — back at him."}],"words":[{"surface":"M'hijito","lemma":"mi hijito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"My dear boy","note":"\"M'hijito\" is a colloquial elision of \"mi hijito\" (\"my little son\"), used as an affectionate/patronizing form of address."},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of hecho","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hecho","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hecho","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"comedias","lemma":"comedia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of hecho","gloss":"an act","note":"\"Hacer comedias\" idiomatically means \"to put on an act / pretend,\" not literally \"make plays.\""},{"surface":"He","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of venido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"venido","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"object of a, complement of venido","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sencillamente","lemma":"sencillamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies venido","gloss":"simply"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sabía","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"sabía","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on venido","gloss":"I knew"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to amigo","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of amigo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mejor","lemma":"mejor","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"modifies amigo","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun of era","gloss":"friend"}]},{"number":141,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p85-s2","source":"¿Qué quiere?... ¿Que me ponga a llorar como una Magdalena si no lo siento?... Ya he llorado bastante...","translation":"What do you want?... For me to start crying like a Magdalene if I don't feel it?... I've cried enough already...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p85-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ponerse a llorar","title":"«ponerse a» + infinitive","body":"«ponerse a» plus an infinitive means 'to start / set about doing something', often suddenly: «que me ponga a llorar» = 'for me to burst out crying'. «llorar como una Magdalena» ('to cry like a Magdalene') is the set phrase for weeping floods of tears."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of quiere","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you want"},{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ponga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"reflexive particle of ponga","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"ponga","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the que-clause","gloss":"start"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of llorar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"llorar","lemma":"llorar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of ponga","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Magdalena","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Magdalena","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Magdalena","lemma":"Magdalena","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of ponga","gloss":"Magdalene","note":"\"Llorar como una Magdalena\" is an idiom meaning \"to cry one's eyes out,\" alluding to Mary Magdalene's weeping."},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of siento","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies siento","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of siento","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"siento","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on ponga","gloss":"I feel"},{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llorado","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of llorado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"llorado","lemma":"llorar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"bastante","lemma":"bastante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llorado","gloss":"enough"}]},{"number":142,"label":"86","id":"la-coja-p86-s1","source":"Ella también se había puesto de pie.","translation":"She too had risen to her feet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p86-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of puesto","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puesto","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of puesto","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of puesto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"puesto","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"risen"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pie","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pie","lemma":"pie","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of puesto","gloss":"feet","note":"\"Ponerse de pie\" is an idiom meaning \"to stand up\" (lit. \"to put oneself on foot\")."}]},{"number":143,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p86-s2","source":"Lo miraba con fijeza, pero la dureza de líneas que estaba rígida bajo la epidermis de su semblante como una armadura de voluntad se descompuso de fatiga.","translation":"She looked at him fixedly, but the hardness of line that lay rigid beneath the skin of her face like an armor of will broke apart from fatigue.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p86-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of miraba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"miraba","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fijeza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"fijeza","lemma":"fijeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of miraba","gloss":"fixedly"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of dureza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dureza","lemma":"dureza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of descompuso","gloss":"hardness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking líneas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"líneas","lemma":"línea","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies dureza","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to rígida","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"rígida","lemma":"rígido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying dureza","gloss":"rigid"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking epidermis","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of epidermis","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"epidermis","lemma":"epidermis","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rígida","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking semblante","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of semblante","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"semblante","lemma":"semblante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies epidermis","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of armadura","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of armadura","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"armadura","lemma":"armadura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of rígida","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voluntad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"voluntad","lemma":"voluntad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies armadura","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of descompuso","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"descompuso","lemma":"descomponer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with miraba","gloss":"broke apart"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fatiga","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"fatiga","lemma":"fatiga","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of descompuso","gloss":"fatigue"}]},{"number":144,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p86-s3","source":"Con la cabeza inclinada ligeramente a un costado, a Erdosain le recordó a su esposa... bien podía ser ella... estaba en la puerta de una estancia desconocida... el capitán, indiferente, la miraba marchar para siempre y no la detenía... la calle se abría ante ella... quizá fuera a parar a un hotel de muros sucios, y entonces, apiadado, dijo:","translation":"With her head tilted slightly to one side, she reminded Erdosain of his own wife... it could well have been her... she was at the door of some unknown house... the captain, indifferent, watched her walk away forever and did not stop her... the street opened before her... perhaps she would end up in a hotel with dirty walls, and then, moved to pity, he said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p86-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"a Erdosain le recordó a su esposa","title":"«recordar a» = 'to remind of'","body":"«recordarle a alguien a otra persona» means 'to remind someone of another': «a Erdosain le recordó a su esposa» = 'she reminded Erdosain of his wife'. The first «a... le» marks who is reminded; the second «a su esposa» marks who is recalled."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"quizá fuera a parar","title":"«quizá» + subjunctive","body":"«quizá» ('perhaps') takes the subjunctive to mark genuine uncertainty: «quizá fuera a parar a un hotel» = 'perhaps she would end up at a hotel'. «ir a parar» is itself an idiom, 'to end up / wind up' somewhere."}],"words":[{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabeza","gloss":"With"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of recordó","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"inclinada","lemma":"inclinado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cabeza","gloss":"tilted"},{"surface":"ligeramente","lemma":"ligeramente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inclinada","gloss":"slightly"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking costado","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of costado","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"costado","lemma":"costado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of inclinada","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain (dative)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of recordó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"dative clitic doubling Erdosain, indirect object of recordó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"recordó","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reminded"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking esposa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esposa","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"esposa","lemma":"esposa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of recordó","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies podía","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ser","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"complement of podía","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of ser","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause (subject elided: she)","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puerta","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estaba","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estancia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of estancia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"estancia","lemma":"estancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies puerta","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"desconocida","lemma":"desconocido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies estancia","gloss":"unknown"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of capitán","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"capitán","lemma":"capitán","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of miraba","gloss":"captain"},{"surface":"indiferente","lemma":"indiferente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies capitán","gloss":"indifferent"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of miraba","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"miraba","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"marchar","lemma":"marchar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of miraba","gloss":"walk away"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siempre (forming para siempre, 'forever')","gloss":"for/toward","note":"Almost certainly a print/OCR error for 'para' — the source text reads 'ara siempre' where the idiom is 'para siempre' (forever)."},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies marchar","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies detenía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of detenía","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"detenía","lemma":"detener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with miraba","gloss":"stop"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of calle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"calle","lemma":"calle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of abría","gloss":"street"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of abría","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"abría","lemma":"abrir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ella","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of abría","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fuera","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of parar (ir a + infinitive)","gloss":"would","note":"From ir (to go), not ser — 'fuera a parar' is the imperfect-subjunctive of 'ir a parar' (to end up), even though 'fuera' looks identical to a form of ser."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"links fuera to parar (ir a + infinitive)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"parar","lemma":"parar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of fuera","gloss":"end up"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hotel","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hotel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hotel","lemma":"hotel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of parar","gloss":"hotel"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muros","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies hotel","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"sucios","lemma":"sucio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies muros","gloss":"dirty"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"apiadado","lemma":"apiadado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of dijo","gloss":"moved to pity"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":145,"label":"87","id":"la-coja-p87-s1","source":"–Discúlpeme... estoy un poco nervioso. Usted está en su casa. Lo único que siento es que me haya encontrado sin dinero. Pero mañana tendré.","translation":"\"Forgive me... I'm a little on edge. Make yourself at home. The only thing I regret is that you found me without money. But tomorrow I'll have some.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p87-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Usted está en su casa","title":"«estar en su casa»","body":"«está usted en su casa» is the courteous formula 'make yourself at home' (literally 'you are in your own house'). The following «lo único que siento es que...» uses «sentir» in its sense of 'to regret/be sorry', which is why it takes the subjunctive «haya encontrado»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Discúlpeme","lemma":"disculpar","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted), with attached object pronoun me","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Forgive me","note":"Formal imperative 'disculpe' (usted) with the clitic 'me' attached: 'forgive/excuse me.'"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to nervioso","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nervioso","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"nervioso","lemma":"nervioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estoy","gloss":"nervous"},{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of está","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, neuter","role":"determiner of único (nominalizer)","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"único","lemma":"único","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"only thing"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of siento","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"siento","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying único","gloss":"regret"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of encontrado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of encontrado","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"haya","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of encontrado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"encontrado","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dinero","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encontrado","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tendré","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"tendré","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will have"}]},{"number":146,"label":"88","id":"la-coja-p88-s1","source":"Hipólita volvió a ocupar la silla y Erdosain, al tiempo que caminaba se tomó el pulso.","translation":"Hipólita took the chair again and Erdosain, as he walked, took his own pulse.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p88-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"al tiempo que caminaba","title":"«al tiempo que» = 'while'","body":"«al tiempo que» means 'at the same time as / while': «al tiempo que caminaba se tomó el pulso» = 'as he walked, he took his pulse'. The reflexive «se tomó el pulso» shows the action is done to his own body."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of volvió","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (volver a + infinitive, 'to do again')","gloss":"went back"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ocupar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ocupar","lemma":"ocupar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of volvió","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of silla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"silla","lemma":"silla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ocupar","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of tomó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom al tiempo que ('while')","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom al tiempo que","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the idiom al tiempo que","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"caminaba","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tomó","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of tomó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"tomó","lemma":"tomar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with volvió","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pulso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pulso","lemma":"pulso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tomó","gloss":"pulse"}]},{"number":147,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p88-s2","source":"Las venas latían rápidamente.","translation":"His veins were throbbing rapidly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p88-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of venas","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"venas","lemma":"vena","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of latían","gloss":"veins"},{"surface":"latían","lemma":"latir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were throbbing"},{"surface":"rápidamente","lemma":"rápidamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies latían","gloss":"rapidly"}]},{"number":148,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p88-s3","source":"Fatigado de la tarde pasada con el Astrólogo y Barsut, dijo con amargura:","translation":"Worn out from the afternoon spent with the Astrologer and Barsut, he said bitterly:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p88-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fatigado","lemma":"fatigado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of dijo","gloss":"Worn out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tarde","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tarde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Fatigado","gloss":"afternoon"},{"surface":"pasada","lemma":"pasado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tarde","gloss":"spent"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of pasada","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Astrólogo","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amargura","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"amargura","lemma":"amargura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dijo","gloss":"bitterness"}]},{"number":149,"label":"89","id":"la-coja-p89-s1","source":"–Es pesada la vida... ¿eh?...","translation":"\"Life is heavy going... eh?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p89-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pesada","title":"«pesado» = 'heavy / hard going'","body":"«pesado» literally means 'heavy'; of life, work, or a person it means 'wearisome, hard going, a drag': «es pesada la vida» = 'life is hard going'. The adjective agrees in gender with «la vida», hence «pesada»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to pesada","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"pesada","lemma":"pesado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Es","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of pesada","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"eh","lemma":"eh","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"eh"}]},{"number":150,"label":"90","id":"la-coja-p90-s1","source":"La intrusa miraba en silencio la punta de su zapatito.","translation":"The intruder gazed in silence at the tip of her little shoe.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p90-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of intrusa","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"intrusa","lemma":"intrusa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of miraba","gloss":"intruder"},{"surface":"miraba","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gazed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silencio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"silencio","lemma":"silencio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of miraba","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of punta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"punta","lemma":"punta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of miraba","gloss":"tip"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking zapatito","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of zapatito","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"zapatito","lemma":"zapatito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies punta","gloss":"little shoe"}]},{"number":151,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p90-s2","source":"Levantó los ojos y una arruga fina estrió su frente pecosa.","translation":"She raised her eyes, and a fine wrinkle streaked her freckled forehead.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p90-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Levantó","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of arruga","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"arruga","lemma":"arruga","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of estrió","gloss":"wrinkle"},{"surface":"fina","lemma":"fino","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies arruga","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"estrió","lemma":"estriar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Levantó","gloss":"streaked","note":"estriar: to groove or furrow; used figuratively here for a wrinkle 'streaking' the forehead."},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of estrió","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"pecosa","lemma":"pecoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies frente","gloss":"freckled"}]},{"number":152,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p90-s3","source":"Luego:","translation":"Then:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p90-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Then"}]},{"number":153,"label":"91","id":"la-coja-p91-s1","source":"–Usted parece que está preocupado. ¿Le pasa algo?","translation":"\"You seem worried. Is something wrong with you?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p91-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿Le pasa algo?","title":"«pasarle algo a alguien»","body":"«pasarle algo a alguien» means 'for something to be the matter with someone': «¿le pasa algo?» = 'is something wrong with you?'. «pasar» here is 'to happen', and «le» marks the person it happens to."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of parece","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seem"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of preocupado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to preocupado","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"preocupado","lemma":"preocupado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of parece","gloss":"worried"},{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pasa","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"pasa","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happen"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of pasa","gloss":"something"}]},{"number":154,"label":"92","id":"la-coja-p92-s1","source":"–Nada... dígame... ¿sufrió mucho al lado de él?...","translation":"\"Nothing... tell me... did you suffer a great deal at his side?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p92-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase (standalone answer)","gloss":"Nothing"},{"surface":"dígame","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted), with attached pronoun me","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell me","note":"Formal imperative 'diga' (usted) with the clitic 'me' attached: 'tell me.'"},{"surface":"sufrió","lemma":"sufrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"suffered"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sufrió","gloss":"a great deal"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lado","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"lado","lemma":"lado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase al lado de","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sufrió","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":155,"label":"93","id":"la-coja-p93-s1","source":"–Un poco. Es violento...","translation":"\"A little. He's violent...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p93-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poco","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to violento","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"violento","lemma":"violento","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"violent"}]},{"number":156,"label":"94","id":"la-coja-p94-s1","source":"–¡Qué curioso! Quisiera representármelo en el manicomio y no puedo.","translation":"\"How strange! I'd like to picture him to myself in the madhouse and I can't.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p94-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"representármelo","title":"Two pronouns on an infinitive","body":"«representarse algo» means 'to picture something to oneself'. Here two pronouns stack onto the infinitive: «representár-me-lo» = «representar» + «me» (to myself) + «lo» (him/it), 'to picture him to myself'. The added accent keeps the original stress."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"determiner of curioso","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"curioso","lemma":"curioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"Quisiera","lemma":"querer","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'd like"},{"surface":"representármelo","lemma":"representar","morphology":"verb, infinitive, with attached pronouns me (reflexive) and lo (direct object)","role":"complement of Quisiera","gloss":"to picture him to myself","note":"Infinitive representar plus two clitics: me ('to myself') and lo ('him/it') — 'to picture him to myself.'"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manicomio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of manicomio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manicomio","lemma":"manicomio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Quisiera","gloss":"madhouse"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puedo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"puedo","lemma":"poder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Quisiera","gloss":"can"}]},{"number":157,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p94-s2","source":"Apenas si distingo un pedazo de cara y un ojo... Le prevengo que yo presentí el desastre.","translation":"I can barely make out a piece of a face and an eye... I warn you, I sensed the disaster coming.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p94-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Apenas si distingo","title":"«apenas si»","body":"«apenas si» is an emphatic 'hardly / barely at all': «apenas si distingo un pedazo de cara» = 'I can barely make out a piece of a face'. The «si» reinforces «apenas»; it does not mean 'if' here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Apenas","lemma":"apenas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies distingo","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"intensifies apenas (idiom apenas si)","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"distingo","lemma":"distinguir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make out"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pedazo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pedazo","lemma":"pedazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of distingo","gloss":"piece"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cara","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cara","lemma":"cara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pedazo","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ojo","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"ojo","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with pedazo","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of prevengo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"prevengo","lemma":"prevenir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"warn"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of presentí","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of presentí","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"presentí","lemma":"presentir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of prevengo","gloss":"sensed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of desastre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desastre","lemma":"desastre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of presentí","gloss":"disaster"}]},{"number":158,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p94-s3","source":"Le encontré una mañana, me contó todo y de pronto tuve la impresión de que sería desdichada a su lado... pero usted debe estar cansada.","translation":"I ran into him one morning, he told me everything, and suddenly I had the impression you would be unhappy at his side... but you must be tired.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p94-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of encontré (leísmo)","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"encontré","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran into"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mañana","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encontré","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of contó","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"contó","lemma":"contar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with encontré","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of contó","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de pronto ('suddenly')","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom de pronto, modifies tuve","gloss":"a sudden"},{"surface":"tuve","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with contó","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impresión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"impresión","lemma":"impresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tuve","gloss":"impression"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of desdichada","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desdichada","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to desdichada","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"desdichada","lemma":"desdichado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sería","gloss":"unhappy"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lado","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of lado","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"lado","lemma":"lado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desdichada","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of debe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of cansada","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to cansada","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"cansada","lemma":"cansado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estar","gloss":"tired"}]},{"number":159,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p94-s4","source":"Yo tengo que salir.","translation":"I have to go out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p94-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of tengo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the idiom tener que ('have to')","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"salir","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tengo","gloss":"go out"}]},{"number":160,"label":"","id":"la-coja-p94-s5","source":"Le voy a decir a la patrona que le sirva la cena aquí.","translation":"I'm going to tell the landlady to serve you dinner here.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p94-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que le sirva la cena","title":"Indirect command + subjunctive","body":"Telling someone to do something for a third party takes the subjunctive: «le voy a decir a la patrona que le sirva la cena» = 'I'll tell the landlady to serve you dinner'. «sirva» is the present subjunctive of «servir»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of decir, doubling a la patrona","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of decir","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of decir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking patrona","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of patrona","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"patrona","lemma":"patrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of decir, doubled by Le","gloss":"landlady"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sirva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of sirva","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sirva","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of decir","gloss":"serve"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cena","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cena","lemma":"cena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sirva","gloss":"dinner"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sirva","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":161,"label":"95","id":"la-coja-p95-s1","source":"–No... no tengo ganas.","translation":"\"No... I don't feel like it.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p95-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"no tengo ganas","title":"«tener ganas (de)»","body":"«tener ganas de» means 'to feel like / want to': «no tengo ganas» = 'I don't feel like it'. With a following verb it stays in the infinitive: «tengo ganas de dormir» = 'I feel like sleeping'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase (standalone answer)","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tengo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ganas","lemma":"gana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tengo","gloss":"desire"}]},{"number":162,"label":"96","id":"la-coja-p96-s1","source":"–Bueno, entonces con su permiso. Aquí está el biombo. Haga como si estuviera en su casa.","translation":"\"All right, then, by your leave. Here's the folding screen. Act as if you were at home.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p96-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Haga como si estuviera en su casa","title":"Command + «como si» + subjunctive","body":"«haga» is the «usted» command of «hacer»; «como si estuviera» again needs the imperfect subjunctive for the unreal comparison: «haga como si estuviera en su casa» = 'act as if you were at home'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bueno","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"All right"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Bueno","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking permiso","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of permiso","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"permiso","lemma":"permiso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition con","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"Aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies está","gloss":"Here"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of biombo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"biombo","lemma":"biombo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"folding screen"},{"surface":"Haga","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted), third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Act"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estuviera","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estuviera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"estuviera","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Haga","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estuviera","gloss":"home"}]},{"number":163,"label":"97","id":"la-coja-p97-s1","source":"Cuando Erdosain salió, la Coja le envolvió en una mirada singular, mirada de abanico que corta con una oblicua el cuerpo de un hombre de pies a cabeza, recogiendo en tangente toda la geometría interior de su vida.","translation":"When Erdosain went out, the lame woman wrapped him in a singular look, a fan-like look that slices a man's body on the diagonal from head to foot, gathering up at a tangent the whole inner geometry of his life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-coja-p97-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"de pies a cabeza","title":"«de pies a cabeza»","body":"«de pies a cabeza» is the set phrase 'from head to foot' (literally 'from feet to head' — Spanish reverses the order). It closes the chapter on Hipólita's appraising, dissecting gaze, mirroring the cold look that opened the scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of salió","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of salió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"salió","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on envolvió","gloss":"went out"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Coja","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Coja","lemma":"Coja","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of envolvió","gloss":"Lame Woman","note":"'La Coja' is the character's nickname, literally 'the lame/limping woman,' used here as if a name."},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of envolvió","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"envolvió","lemma":"envolver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mirada","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of envolvió","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"singular","lemma":"singular","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"singular"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to mirada","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking abanico","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"abanico","lemma":"abanico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"fan"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of corta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"corta","lemma":"cortar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying mirada","gloss":"slices"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oblicua","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of oblicua","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"oblicua","lemma":"oblicuo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular (used as noun)","role":"oblique complement of corta","gloss":"diagonal"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuerpo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cuerpo","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of corta","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cuerpo","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pies","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"pies","lemma":"pie","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"part of the idiom de pies a cabeza, modifies corta","gloss":"feet","note":"de pies a cabeza = 'from head to foot' (literally 'from feet to head' — the translation reverses the order for natural English)."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabeza","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the idiom de pies a cabeza","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"recogiendo","lemma":"recoger","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on envolvió","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tangente","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"tangente","lemma":"tangente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of recogiendo","gloss":"tangent"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies geometría","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of geometría","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"geometría","lemma":"geometría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of recogiendo","gloss":"geometry"},{"surface":"interior","lemma":"interior","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies geometría","gloss":"inner"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies geometría","gloss":"life"}]}]}