{"work":{"slug":"arlt","title":{"source":"Los siete locos","translated":"The Seven Madmen"},"author":"Roberto Arlt","language":"Spanish","languageCode":"es","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"la-propuesta","title":{"source":"La propuesta","translated":"The Proposal"},"section":"Part One","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/la-propuesta","lines":283},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/arriba-del-arbol","license":"Source text: public domain (Roberto Arlt, d. 1942). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: this is a minimal seed excerpt to make the app target runnable; full verified content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"la-propuesta-p1-s1","source":"El Astrólogo se disponía a acostarse cuando escuchó pasos en el sendero que conducía a la casa.","translation":"The Astrologer was getting ready to go to bed when he heard footsteps on the path that led to the house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se disponía","title":"Imperfect for an action in progress","body":"«se disponía a acostarse» is the imperfect of the pronominal verb «disponerse a» ('to be about to'). The imperfect sets the scene already underway — 'he was getting ready' — and is interrupted by the preterite «escuchó» ('he heard'), which names the single completed event that breaks in on it."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of disponía","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of disponía","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"disponía","lemma":"disponer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was getting ready"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of acostarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"acostarse","lemma":"acostar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of disponía","gloss":"go to bed"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of escuchó","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"escuchó","lemma":"escuchar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on disponía","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"pasos","lemma":"paso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of escuchó","gloss":"footsteps"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sendero","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sendero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sendero","lemma":"sendero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of escuchó","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of conducía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"conducía","lemma":"conducir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying sendero","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of conducía","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p1-s2","source":"Como el perro no ladró, entreabrió el postigo.","translation":"Since the dog did not bark, he opened the shutter partway.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p1-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Como","title":"«Como» = 'since / because'","body":"At the head of a clause, «como» usually means 'since' or 'as' (giving a reason), not 'like' or 'how'. «Como el perro no ladró» = 'since the dog didn't bark'. The causal «como» clause normally comes first, before the main clause it explains."}],"words":[{"surface":"Como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ladró","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of perro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"perro","lemma":"perro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ladró","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ladró","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ladró","lemma":"ladrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on entreabrió","gloss":"bark"},{"surface":"entreabrió","lemma":"entreabrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened partway"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of postigo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"postigo","lemma":"postigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of entreabrió","gloss":"shutter"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p1-s3","source":"Un paralelogramo de luz cortó las tinieblas hasta la cúpula de los granados y por este cajón amarillo vio avanzar a Erdosain, a quien la luz daba de lleno en el rostro.","translation":"A parallelogram of light cut through the darkness as far as the dome of the pomegranate trees, and through this yellow box he saw Erdosain coming forward, the light striking him full in the face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p1-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vio avanzar a Erdosain","title":"Perception verb + infinitive","body":"Verbs of perception like «ver» take a bare infinitive for what is seen happening: «vio avanzar a Erdosain» = 'he saw Erdosain come forward'. The personal «a» before «Erdosain» marks him as the human object of «vio»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paralelogramo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"paralelogramo","lemma":"paralelogramo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cortó","gloss":"parallelogram"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luz","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"luz","lemma":"luz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies paralelogramo","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"cortó","lemma":"cortar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cut through"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of tinieblas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tinieblas","lemma":"tiniebla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of cortó","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cúpula","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cúpula","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cúpula","lemma":"cúpula","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cortó","gloss":"dome"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking granados","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of granados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"granados","lemma":"granado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cúpula","gloss":"pomegranate trees"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cajón","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cajón","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"cajón","lemma":"cajón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vio","gloss":"box"},{"surface":"amarillo","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cajón","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"vio","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with cortó","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"avanzar","lemma":"avanzar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of vio","gloss":"coming forward"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain (personal a)","gloss":"object marker","note":"This is the 'personal a,' required before a human direct object; it has no independent translation."},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of vio (logical subject of avanzar)","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quien","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"quien","lemma":"quien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of daba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luz","lemma":"luz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of daba","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"daba","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Erdosain","gloss":"was striking"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase de lleno","gloss":"fully"},{"surface":"lleno","lemma":"lleno","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase de lleno","gloss":"fully","note":"Idiom 'de lleno' means 'fully, right on' (here: the light struck him full in the face)."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rostro","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of daba","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":4,"label":"2","id":"la-propuesta-p2-s1","source":"–¡Qué curioso! –pensó el Astrólogo–.","translation":"\"How odd!\" thought the Astrologer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies curioso","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"curioso","lemma":"curioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of pensó","gloss":"odd"},{"surface":"pensó","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of pensó","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p2-s2","source":"¡Todavía no me había fijado que este muchacho usa sombrero de paja!","translation":"I still hadn't noticed this fellow wears a straw hat!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p2-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me había fijado","title":"Pluperfect + pronominal «fijarse»","body":"«fijarse (en)» means 'to notice / take note of'. Here it is in the pluperfect, «no me había fijado» = 'I hadn't noticed', a state reaching up to the present moment of speaking. The reflexive «me» is part of the verb, not a separate object."}],"words":[{"surface":"Todavía","lemma":"todavía","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fijado","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fijado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of fijado","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fijado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"fijado","lemma":"fijarse","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed","note":"Fijarse (que) here means 'to notice,' a reflexive verb; me...fijado is one unit."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of usa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of muchacho","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"muchacho","lemma":"muchacho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of usa","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"usa","lemma":"usar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of fijado","gloss":"wears"},{"surface":"sombrero","lemma":"sombrero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of usa","gloss":"hat"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paja","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"paja","lemma":"paja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sombrero","gloss":"straw"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p2-s3","source":"¿Qué es lo que querrá?","translation":"What can he want?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p2-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"querrá","title":"Future of conjecture","body":"The future tense «querrá» here does not point to the future; it expresses a present guess — 'what can he want?', 'I wonder what he wants'. Spanish often uses the future this way to voice supposition about the present."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that","note":"Lo que = 'that which/what' — a cleft construction meaning 'What could he want?'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"direct object of querrá","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"querrá","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying lo","gloss":"he'll want"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p2-s4","source":"–Y después de asegurarse que tenía el revólver en la cintura (este movimiento era instintivo en él) abrió la cerradura de la puerta y Erdosain entró.","translation":"And after making sure he had the revolver at his waist (this motion was instinctive in him) he unlocked the door, and Erdosain came in.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p2-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"después de asegurarse","title":"«después de» + infinitive","body":"When the subject is the same in both clauses, Spanish uses «después de» plus an infinitive rather than a conjugated verb: «después de asegurarse» = 'after making sure (he) had…'. The pronominal «asegurarse (de)» means 'to make sure / satisfy oneself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"Y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to abrió","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abrió","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of asegurarse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"asegurarse","lemma":"asegurarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on después","gloss":"making sure"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tenía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of asegurarse","gloss":"he had"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of revólver","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"revólver","lemma":"revólver","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"revolver"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cintura","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cintura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cintura","lemma":"cintura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tenía","gloss":"waist"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of movimiento","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"movimiento","lemma":"movimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of instintivo","gloss":"motion"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to instintivo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"instintivo","lemma":"instintivo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"instinctive"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, third-person, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of instintivo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"abrió","lemma":"abrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cerradura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cerradura","lemma":"cerradura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of abrió","gloss":"lock"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puerta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cerradura","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of entró","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"entró","lemma":"entrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with abrió","gloss":"came in"}]},{"number":8,"label":"3","id":"la-propuesta-p3-s1","source":"–Creí que estaba acostado.","translation":"\"I thought you'd gone to bed.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Creí","title":"Preterite «creí» for a finished thought","body":"«Creí que…» ('I thought that…') is the preterite of «creer» — a belief held at one bounded past moment, now corrected. The imperfect «estaba acostado» ('you were in bed / had gone to bed') describes the supposed ongoing state inside that belief."}],"words":[{"surface":"Creí","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I thought"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of acostado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to acostado","gloss":"you were"},{"surface":"acostado","lemma":"acostado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estaba","gloss":"in bed"}]},{"number":9,"label":"4","id":"la-propuesta-p4-s1","source":"–Pase.","translation":"\"Come in.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Pase","title":"Formal command (usted)","body":"«Pase» is the «usted» imperative of «pasar», here meaning 'come in / step through'. The Astrologer and Erdosain address each other with formal «usted» throughout, the polite distance two grown men keep even while plotting a murder together."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pase","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted), singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come in"}]},{"number":10,"label":"5","id":"la-propuesta-p5-s1","source":"Erdosain pasó al escritorio.","translation":"Erdosain went through into the study.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of pasó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"pasó","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escritorio","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"escritorio","lemma":"escritorio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasó","gloss":"study","note":"Escritorio here means 'study/office,' not literally 'desk.'"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p5-s2","source":"Todavía estaba allí el mapa de los Estados Unidos con las banderas negras clavadas en los territorios donde dominaba el Ku–Klux–Klan.","translation":"The map of the United States was still there, with black flags pinned into the territories where the Ku Klux Klan held sway.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p5-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Todavía","lemma":"todavía","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estaba","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estaba","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mapa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mapa","lemma":"mapa","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"map"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Estados","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of Estados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Estados","lemma":"Estados","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies mapa","gloss":"States"},{"surface":"Unidos","lemma":"Unidos","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Estados","gloss":"United"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking banderas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of banderas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"banderas","lemma":"bandera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mapa","gloss":"flags"},{"surface":"negras","lemma":"negro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies banderas","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"clavadas","lemma":"clavado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies banderas","gloss":"pinned"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking territorios","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of territorios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"territorios","lemma":"territorio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of clavadas","gloss":"territories"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"relative adverb","role":"introduces the clause of dominaba","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"dominaba","lemma":"dominar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying territorios","gloss":"held sway"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Ku–Klux–Klan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ku–Klux–Klan","lemma":"Ku–Klux–Klan","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dominaba","gloss":"Ku Klux Klan"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p5-s3","source":"El Astrólogo había estado trabajando en un horóscopo porque sobre la mesa estaba la caja de compases abierta.","translation":"The Astrologer had been working on a horoscope, because the open case of compasses lay on the table.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p5-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"había estado trabajando","title":"Past perfect continuous","body":"«había estado trabajando» combines the pluperfect of «estar» with a gerund to mean 'had been working' — an activity going on over a stretch of time before the moment of the scene. It is the past-in-the-past mirror of «he estado trabajando» ('I have been working')."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of trabajando","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of trabajando","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"estado","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"auxiliary of trabajando","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"trabajando","lemma":"trabajar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"working"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horóscopo","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of horóscopo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"horóscopo","lemma":"horóscopo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trabajando","gloss":"horoscope"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estaba","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mesa","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mesa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mesa","lemma":"mesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estaba","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of porque","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of caja","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caja","lemma":"caja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"case"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking compases","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"compases","lemma":"compás","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies caja","gloss":"compasses"},{"surface":"abierta","lemma":"abierto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies caja","gloss":"open"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p5-s4","source":"El viento que entraba por la reja movía los papeles, y Erdosain, después de esperar que aquél guardara algunos documentos en el armario, se sentó dando la espalda al jardín.","translation":"The wind coming in through the grille stirred the papers, and Erdosain, after waiting for the other man to put some documents away in the cabinet, sat down with his back to the garden.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p5-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"esperar que aquél guardara","title":"Subjunctive after «esperar que»","body":"«esperar que» ('to wait for / hope that') triggers the subjunctive in its clause, here the past subjunctive «guardara» ('put away'). «aquél» ('that one, the former') is a demonstrative pronoun standing in for the Astrologer."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"viento","lemma":"viento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of movía","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of entraba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"entraba","lemma":"entrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying viento","gloss":"came in"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking reja","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of reja","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"reja","lemma":"reja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of entraba","gloss":"grille"},{"surface":"movía","lemma":"mover","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of papeles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"papeles","lemma":"papel","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of movía","gloss":"papers"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sentó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentó","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of esperar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esperar","lemma":"esperar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on después","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of guardara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"aquél","lemma":"aquél","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of guardara","gloss":"the other man"},{"surface":"guardara","lemma":"guardar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of esperar","gloss":"put away"},{"surface":"algunos","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of documentos","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"documentos","lemma":"documento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of guardara","gloss":"documents"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking armario","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of armario","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"armario","lemma":"armario","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of guardara","gloss":"cabinet"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sentó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sentó","lemma":"sentar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with movía","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"dando","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of sentó","gloss":"turning","note":"Idiom: dar la espalda (a) = to turn one's back (to/on)."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of espalda","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espalda","lemma":"espalda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dando","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jardín","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"jardín","lemma":"jardín","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dando","gloss":"garden"}]},{"number":14,"label":"6","id":"la-propuesta-p6-s1","source":"Ya allí, quedóse mirando el anchuroso semblante del otro, la nariz torcida arrancando de la frente tumultuosa, la oreja arrepollada, el pecho enorme contenido dentro de la ropa negra y sin lustre, su cadena de cobre cruzando de parte a parte el chaleco, el anillo de acero con una piedra violeta en su mano de dedos deformes y piel curtida.","translation":"Settled there, he sat gazing at the broad face of the other man — the crooked nose springing from the tumultuous brow, the cabbage-like ear, the enormous chest packed inside the dull black clothes, his copper chain crossing the waistcoat from side to side, the steel ring with its violet stone on a hand of misshapen fingers and weathered skin.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quedóse mirando","title":"Enclitic pronoun + «quedarse» + gerund","body":"«quedóse mirando» is «se quedó mirando» with the pronoun attached to the end of the verb («quedóse»), an older, literary placement Arlt favors. «quedarse + gerund» means 'to remain / stay doing something' — here 'he sat there gazing'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies allí","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quedóse","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"quedóse","lemma":"quedarse","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"mirando","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of quedóse","gloss":"gazing"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of semblante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"anchuroso","lemma":"anchuroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies semblante","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"semblante","lemma":"semblante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mirando","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies semblante","gloss":"other man"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nariz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nariz","lemma":"nariz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to semblante","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"torcida","lemma":"torcido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nariz","gloss":"crooked"},{"surface":"arrancando","lemma":"arrancar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clause modifying nariz","gloss":"springing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frente","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrancando","gloss":"brow"},{"surface":"tumultuosa","lemma":"tumultuoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies frente","gloss":"tumultuous"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of oreja","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oreja","lemma":"oreja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to nariz","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"arrepollada","lemma":"arrepollado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies oreja","gloss":"cabbage-like"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pecho","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pecho","lemma":"pecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to nariz","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"enorme","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies pecho","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"contenido","lemma":"contenido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pecho","gloss":"packed"},{"surface":"dentro","lemma":"dentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies contenido","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ropa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ropa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ropa","lemma":"ropa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dentro","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"negra","lemma":"negro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ropa","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lustre","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"lustre","lemma":"lustre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with negra","gloss":"shine"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cadena","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cadena","lemma":"cadena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to nariz","gloss":"chain"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cobre","lemma":"cobre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cadena","gloss":"copper"},{"surface":"cruzando","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clause modifying cadena","gloss":"crossing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the idiom de parte a parte, modifies cruzando","gloss":"from","note":"Idiom: de parte a parte = from side to side / clean through."},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the idiom de parte a parte","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de parte a parte","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the idiom de parte a parte","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of chaleco","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chaleco","lemma":"chaleco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cruzando","gloss":"waistcoat"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of anillo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"anillo","lemma":"anillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to nariz","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"acero","lemma":"acero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies anillo","gloss":"steel"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piedra","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piedra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"piedra","lemma":"piedra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies anillo","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"violeta","lemma":"violeta","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies piedra","gloss":"violet"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mano","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies anillo","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies mano","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"deformes","lemma":"deforme","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies dedos","gloss":"misshapen"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"piel","lemma":"piel","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with dedos","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"curtida","lemma":"curtido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies piel","gloss":"weathered"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p6-s2","source":"Ahora que el hombre estaba sin sombrero, se veía que su cabello era crespo, enmarañadísimo y corto.","translation":"Now that the man was without his hat, you could see that his hair was kinky, hopelessly tangled, and short.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p6-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"enmarañadísimo","title":"Absolute superlative «-ísimo»","body":"The suffix «-ísimo/a» turns an adjective into its strongest degree: «enmarañado» ('tangled') → «enmarañadísimo» ('utterly tangled, a hopeless tangle'). It intensifies without needing «muy», and Arlt piles it onto an already vivid word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estaba","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sombrero","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sombrero","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"sombrero","lemma":"sombrero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estaba","gloss":"hat"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of veía","gloss":"you","note":"Impersonal se here is rendered as 'you could see' in the translation."},{"surface":"veía","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could see"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cabello","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cabello","lemma":"cabello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of crespo","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to crespo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"crespo","lemma":"crespo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of veía","gloss":"kinky"},{"surface":"enmarañadísimo","lemma":"enmarañadísimo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with crespo","gloss":"hopelessly tangled"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"corto","lemma":"corto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with crespo","gloss":"short"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p6-s3","source":"Había estirado las piernas y cargaba todo el cuerpo sobre los brazos del sillón.","translation":"He had stretched out his legs and was letting his whole weight rest on the arms of the chair.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p6-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of estirado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"estirado","lemma":"estirar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stretched out"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of piernas","gloss":"the","note":"Spanish uses the definite article (las piernas, 'the legs') where English uses a possessive ('his legs')."},{"surface":"piernas","lemma":"pierna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of estirado","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cargaba","lemma":"cargar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estirado","gloss":"was resting"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of el","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuerpo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cuerpo","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cargaba","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazos","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cargaba","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sillón","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"sillón","lemma":"sillón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies brazos","gloss":"chair"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p6-s4","source":"Con sus botas sin lustrar parecía un hombre de la montaña, quizás un buscador de oro.","translation":"With his unpolished boots he looked like a man of the mountains, perhaps a gold prospector.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p6-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking botas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of botas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"botas","lemma":"bota","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of parecía","gloss":"boots"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of lustrar","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"lustrar","lemma":"lustrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying botas","gloss":"polishing"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parecía","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montaña","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of montaña","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montaña","lemma":"montaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"quizás","lemma":"quizás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies buscador","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of buscador","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"buscador","lemma":"buscador","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to hombre","gloss":"prospector"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies buscador","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p6-s5","source":"¿Por qué no habían de ser así los buscadores de oro de la Patagonia? –pensó Erdosain–, y sin explicarse su distracción se quedó mirando el mapa de los Estados Unidos y repitiendo mentalmente las palabras que le había escuchado esa tarde al Astrólogo, mientras con el puntero le señalaba los estados federales al Rufián.","translation":"Why shouldn't the gold prospectors of Patagonia look like this? thought Erdosain, and unable to account for his own wandering mind he sat there staring at the map of the United States and silently repeating the words he had heard the Astrologer say that afternoon, while pointing out the federal states to the Ruffian with his pointer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p6-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"habían de ser","title":"«haber de» + infinitive","body":"«haber de» plus an infinitive expresses obligation or expectation — 'to be (supposed) to'. In a rhetorical question, «¿por qué no habían de ser así?» means 'why shouldn't they be like this?'. It is a more literary cousin of «tener que» and «deber»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"Por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"why","note":"Por qué = 'why' (literally 'for what')."},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"part of the phrase por qué","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies habían","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"habían","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of ser","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"links habían to ser","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to así","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of ser","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of buscadores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"buscadores","lemma":"buscador","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of ser","gloss":"prospectors"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies buscadores","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Patagonia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Patagonia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Patagonia","lemma":"Patagonia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies buscadores","gloss":"Patagonia"},{"surface":"pensó","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of pensó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of explicarse","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"explicarse","lemma":"explicarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on quedó","gloss":"accounting for"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of distracción","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"distracción","lemma":"distracción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of explicarse","gloss":"wandering mind"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of quedó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"quedó","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pensó","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"mirando","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on quedó","gloss":"staring"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mapa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mapa","lemma":"mapa","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mirando","gloss":"map"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Estados","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of Estados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Estados","lemma":"Estados","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies mapa","gloss":"States"},{"surface":"Unidos","lemma":"Unidos","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Estados","gloss":"United"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"repitiendo","lemma":"repetir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with mirando","gloss":"repeating"},{"surface":"mentalmente","lemma":"mentalmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies repitiendo","gloss":"silently"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of repitiendo","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of escuchado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of escuchado","gloss":"him","note":"Le...al Astrólogo is clitic doubling: the dative pronoun 'le' repeats 'al Astrólogo.'"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of escuchado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"escuchado","lemma":"escuchar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying palabras","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tarde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of escuchado","gloss":"afternoon"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of escuchado","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of señalaba","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puntero","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of puntero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puntero","lemma":"puntero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of señalaba","gloss":"pointer"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of señalaba","gloss":"him","note":"Le...al Rufián is clitic doubling: the dative pronoun 'le' repeats 'al Rufián.'"},{"surface":"señalaba","lemma":"señalar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on escuchado","gloss":"was pointing out"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of estados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estados","lemma":"estado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of señalaba","gloss":"states"},{"surface":"federales","lemma":"federal","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies estados","gloss":"federal"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rufián","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of señalaba","gloss":"Ruffian"}]},{"number":19,"label":"7","id":"la-propuesta-p7-s1","source":"–El Ku–Klux–Klan es fuerte en Texas, Ohio, Indianápolis, Oklahoma, Oregón...","translation":"\"The Ku Klux Klan is strong in Texas, Ohio, Indianapolis, Oklahoma, Oregon...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Ku–Klux–Klan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ku–Klux–Klan","lemma":"Ku–Klux–Klan","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of fuerte","gloss":"Ku Klux Klan"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to fuerte","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"fuerte","lemma":"fuerte","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Texas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Texas","lemma":"Texas","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies fuerte","gloss":"Texas"},{"surface":"Ohio","lemma":"Ohio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Texas","gloss":"Ohio"},{"surface":"Indianápolis","lemma":"Indianápolis","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Texas","gloss":"Indianapolis"},{"surface":"Oklahoma","lemma":"Oklahoma","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Texas","gloss":"Oklahoma"},{"surface":"Oregón","lemma":"Oregón","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Texas","gloss":"Oregon"}]},{"number":20,"label":"8","id":"la-propuesta-p8-s1","source":"–¿Y qué dice, amigo... cómo?...","translation":"\"And what do you say, my friend... what?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"Y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to dice","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of dice","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"dice","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you say"},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, addressing the listener","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what","note":"Cómo? here functions like 'What?' / 'Come again?', not literally 'how.'"}]},{"number":21,"label":"9","id":"la-propuesta-p9-s1","source":"–¡ Ah, es cierto!...","translation":"\"Ah, that's right!...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"Ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cierto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p9-s2","source":"He venido a verle...","translation":"I've come to see you...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p9-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"verle","title":"«le» as a direct object («leísmo»)","body":"Standard grammar would use «verlo» ('to see him'), but the «le» here ('verle') is «leísmo» — using «le» for a male human direct object. It is widespread in Spain and in this register, and the meaning is identical: 'to see you' (the formal «usted»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"He","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of venido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"venido","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of verle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"verle","lemma":"ver él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on venido","gloss":"see you","note":"'Le' here stands for 'usted' (formal you being addressed), not 'him.'"}]},{"number":23,"label":"10","id":"la-propuesta-p10-s1","source":"–Precisamente yo me iba a acostar.","translation":"\"I was just about to turn in.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Precisamente","lemma":"precisamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies iba","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of iba","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"reflexive particle of acostar","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of acostar","gloss":"was going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of acostar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"acostar","lemma":"acostar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turn in"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p10-s2","source":"Estuve trabajando en el horóscopo de un imbécil...","translation":"I've been working on the horoscope of some idiot...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p10-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Estuve trabajando","title":"Preterite progressive","body":"«estuve trabajando» pairs the preterite of «estar» with a gerund: 'I was working / I spent time working'. Unlike the imperfect «estaba trabajando», the preterite frames the whole stretch of work as a finished, bounded block now over."}],"words":[{"surface":"Estuve","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of trabajando","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"trabajando","lemma":"trabajar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"working"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horóscopo","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of horóscopo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"horóscopo","lemma":"horóscopo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trabajando","gloss":"horoscope"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking imbécil","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of imbécil","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"imbécil","lemma":"imbécil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies horóscopo","gloss":"idiot"}]},{"number":25,"label":"11","id":"la-propuesta-p11-s1","source":"–Si le molesto me voy.","translation":"\"If I'm bothering you, I'll go.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of molesto","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of molesto","gloss":"you","note":"Leísmo: 'le' stands in for the direct object (usted), rather than standard 'lo.'"},{"surface":"molesto","lemma":"molestar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on voy","gloss":"am bothering","note":"Not the adjective 'molesto' (annoying) — this is the verb 'molestar,' 'I bother.'"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of voy","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"}]},{"number":26,"label":"12","id":"la-propuesta-p12-s1","source":"–No, quédese.","translation":"\"No, stay.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quédese","title":"Formal imperative + enclitic «se»","body":"«quédese» is the «usted» command of the pronominal verb «quedarse» ('to stay'). In an affirmative command the reflexive pronoun attaches to the end of the verb: «quede» + «se» → «quédese». Adding the enclitic pushes the word to three syllables from the stress, so a written accent is needed to keep the stress where it was — the bare command «quede» carries none."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quédese","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"quédese","lemma":"quedarse","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stay"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p12-s2","source":"¿Se ha trompeado usted?","translation":"Have you been in a fistfight?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p12-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"trompeado","title":"River Plate slang «trompearse»","body":"«trompearse» is Buenos Aires slang for 'to come to blows, get into a fistfight' (from «trompada», 'a punch'). «¿Se ha trompeado?» = 'Have you been in a scrap?' — the Astrologer reads Erdosain's agitation as the look of a man who has just been brawling."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of trompeado","gloss":"(reflexive)","note":"'Trompearse' is a pronominal verb, 'to get into a fistfight' — 'se' has no separate translation."},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of trompeado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"trompeado","lemma":"trompear","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"been in a fistfight"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of trompeado","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p12-s3","source":"¿Qué es lo que le pasa?","translation":"What's the matter with you?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p12-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"qué es lo que","title":"«qué es lo que» = emphatic 'what'","body":"«¿Qué es lo que le pasa?» is an emphatic way of saying «¿Qué le pasa?» ('what's wrong with you?'). The frame «qué es lo que» ('what is it that…') adds weight and a touch of insistence, like English 'what is it that's going on?'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking Qué and lo que le pasa","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"head of the subject clause lo que le pasa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of pasa","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pasa","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"pasa","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying lo","gloss":"is the matter"}]},{"number":29,"label":"13","id":"la-propuesta-p13-s1","source":"–Muchas cosas.","translation":"\"A great deal.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Muchas","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"things"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p13-s2","source":"Dígame, si usted pudiera... ¿No se va a asombrar de la pregunta?...Si usted, para fundar su logia, es decir, para conseguir los veinte mil pesos que se necesitan, si para conseguir veinte mil pesos usted tuviera que matar a un individuo, ¿usted qué haría?","translation":"Tell me, if you could... You won't be shocked by the question?... If you, in order to found your lodge — that is, to get hold of the twenty thousand pesos it takes — if to get twenty thousand pesos you had to kill a man, what would you do?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p13-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si... tuviera... haría","title":"Hypothetical conditional","body":"This is the classic unreal conditional: «si» + past subjunctive («tuviera», 'if you had to') in the 'if' clause, and the conditional («haría», 'would you do') in the result. Together they frame a purely imagined case — exactly the murder Erdosain is feeling his way toward proposing."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"logia","title":"«logia» — the secret society","body":"«logia» is a 'lodge' in the masonic sense: a secret, ranked society. Throughout the novel the Astrologer's «logia» is his planned revolutionary order, funded by crime — the engine of the whole conspiracy this chapter sets running."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dígame","lemma":"decir yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell me"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pudiera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of pudiera","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"pudiera","lemma":"poder","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Dígame","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies asombrar","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of asombrar","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of asombrar","gloss":"is going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of asombrar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"asombrar","lemma":"asombrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"be shocked"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pregunta?","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pregunta?","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pregunta?","lemma":"pregunta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of asombrar","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tuviera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of tuviera","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fundar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fundar","lemma":"fundar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tuviera","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of logia","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"logia","lemma":"logia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of fundar","gloss":"lodge"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"part of the fixed phrase es decir","gloss":"that is","note":"'Es decir' is a fixed idiom meaning 'that is to say.'"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"part of the fixed phrase es decir","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of conseguir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"conseguir","lemma":"conseguir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tuviera","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pesos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"veinte","lemma":"veinte","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with veinte","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of conseguir","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of necesitan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"passive marker of necesitan","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"necesitan","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying pesos","gloss":"needed"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tuviera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of conseguir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"conseguir","lemma":"conseguir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tuviera","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"veinte","lemma":"veinte","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with veinte","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of conseguir","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of tuviera","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tuviera","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on haría","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"part of periphrasis","role":"links tuviera to matar (tener que + infinitive)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"matar","lemma":"matar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tuviera","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking individuo","gloss":"marks the object","note":"Personal 'a' — required before a direct object naming a specific person; not translated."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of individuo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"individuo","lemma":"individuo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of matar","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of haría","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of haría","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"haría","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"would do"}]},{"number":31,"label":"14","id":"la-propuesta-p14-s1","source":"El Astrólogo se incorporó en la silla, quedando ahora su cuerpo, soliviantado por el asombro, en ángulo recto...","translation":"The Astrologer drew himself up in his chair, his body now, lifted by astonishment, at a right angle...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p14-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quedando","title":"Gerund of result","body":"The gerund «quedando» ('remaining / ending up') attaches a consequence to the main verb: he sat up, «quedando su cuerpo en ángulo recto» = 'so that his body ended up at a right angle'. The gerund here describes the resulting posture rather than a separate action."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of incorporó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of incorporó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"incorporó","lemma":"incorporar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drew up"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silla","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of silla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"silla","lemma":"silla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of incorporó","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"quedando","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on incorporó","gloss":"remaining"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quedando","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cuerpo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cuerpo","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of quedando","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"soliviantado","lemma":"soliviantado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cuerpo","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking asombro","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of asombro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"asombro","lemma":"asombro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of soliviantado","gloss":"astonishment"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ángulo","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ángulo","lemma":"ángulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of quedando","gloss":"angle"},{"surface":"recto","lemma":"recto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ángulo","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p14-s2","source":"Y aunque su cabeza estaba erguida por los pensamientos que en él había suscitado Erdosain, aquélla parecía pesar prodigiosamente sobre sus hombros.","translation":"And though his head was held high by the thoughts Erdosain had stirred up in him, it seemed to weigh prodigiously on his shoulders.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p14-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aunque... estaba","title":"«aunque» + indicative","body":"«aunque» means 'although / even though'. With the indicative («estaba erguida», 'was held high') it concedes a fact taken as real, not a mere possibility. Had it taken the subjunctive, it would have softened to 'even if'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous sentence","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the adverbial clause on parecía","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking cabeza and erguida","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"erguida","lemma":"erguido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of estaba","gloss":"held high"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensamientos","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pensamientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pensamientos","lemma":"pensamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"agent of erguida","gloss":"thoughts"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of suscitado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of suscitado","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of suscitado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"suscitado","lemma":"suscitar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying pensamientos","gloss":"stirred up"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of suscitado","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"aquélla","lemma":"aquél","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of parecía","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"pesar","lemma":"pesar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of parecía","gloss":"weigh"},{"surface":"prodigiosamente","lemma":"prodigiosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pesar","gloss":"prodigiously"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombros","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of hombros","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"hombros","lemma":"hombro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pesar","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p14-s3","source":"Restregóse las manos y escrutó el rostro de Remo.","translation":"He rubbed his hands together and scrutinized Remo's face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p14-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Restregóse","lemma":"restregarse","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rubbed","note":"Archaic literary style: the reflexive pronoun 'se' is attached to the end of the conjugated verb ('restregó' + 'se')."},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Restregóse","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"escrutó","lemma":"escrutar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Restregóse","gloss":"scrutinized"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of escrutó","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Remo","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"Remo","lemma":"Remo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"Remo"}]},{"number":34,"label":"15","id":"la-propuesta-p15-s1","source":"–¿Por qué se le ocurre, hacerme esta pregunta?","translation":"\"Why does it occur to you to ask me this question?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p15-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se le ocurre","title":"«ocurrírsele a alguien»","body":"«ocurrírsele (algo) a alguien» means 'for something to occur to someone, to cross one's mind'. The «se» is impersonal and the «le» marks the person it strikes: «¿por qué se le ocurre?» = 'what makes you think of (asking) this?'. The idea is presented as arriving at the person, not chosen by them."}],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"Por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"for","note":"'Por qué' together means 'why' (as the note already says); glossing 'Por' alone as 'why' contradicts the note's own claim that 'por' alone means 'for/because of,' and duplicates the 'why' sense that 'qué' (glossed 'what') would otherwise combine with — matches the complementary-split pattern used elsewhere in this file for 'es decir' and 'a ver.'"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of ocurre","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ocurre","gloss":"(reflexive)","note":"'Ocurrírsele' is a pronominal verb meaning 'to occur to someone' — 'se' has no separate translation."},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of ocurre","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ocurre","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"occur"},{"surface":"hacerme","lemma":"hacer yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of ocurre","gloss":"ask me"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pregunta","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"pregunta","lemma":"pregunta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hacerme","gloss":"question"}]},{"number":35,"label":"16","id":"la-propuesta-p16-s1","source":"–Es que he encontrado el candidato que tiene veinte mil pesos.","translation":"\"The thing is, I've found the candidate who has the twenty thousand pesos.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p16-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Es que","title":"«Es que» = 'the thing is'","body":"«Es que…» opens an explanation or justification: 'the thing is…', 'it's just that…'. It frames what follows as the reason behind something — here, the reason Erdosain is asking such a question."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the fixed phrase es que","gloss":"is","note":"'Es que' is a conversational filler meaning 'the thing is.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of encontrado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of encontrado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"encontrado","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Es","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of candidato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"candidato","lemma":"candidato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of encontrado","gloss":"candidate"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying candidato","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"veinte","lemma":"veinte","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with veinte","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"pesos"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p16-s2","source":"Lo podemos secuestrar, y si se niega a firmarnos el cheque lo torturamos.","translation":"We can kidnap him, and if he refuses to sign the check for us, we torture him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p16-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se niega a","title":"Pronominal «negarse a»","body":"«negarse a» (pronominal) means 'to refuse to (do something)', as opposed to plain «negar», 'to deny'. «Si se niega a firmar» = 'if he refuses to sign'. The reflexive marks the refusal as the subject's own stance."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of secuestrar","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"podemos","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of secuestrar","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"secuestrar","lemma":"secuestrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kidnap"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of niega","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of niega","gloss":"(reflexive)","note":"'Negarse a' means 'to refuse to' — 'se' is required by the verb, not translated separately."},{"surface":"niega","lemma":"negar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on torturamos","gloss":"refuses"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking firmarnos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"firmarnos","lemma":"firmar nosotros","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of niega","gloss":"sign for us"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of firmarnos","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of torturamos","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"torturamos","lemma":"torturar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with secuestrar","gloss":"torture"}]},{"number":37,"label":"17","id":"la-propuesta-p17-s1","source":"El Astrólogo frunció el ceño.","translation":"The Astrologer knit his brows.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p17-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of frunció","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"frunció","lemma":"fruncir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knit"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ceño","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ceño","lemma":"ceño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of frunció","gloss":"brows"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p17-s2","source":"Ante los enigmas que encerraba esa propuesta, su perplejidad acrecentóse, y con los dedos de la mano izquierda comenzó a hacer girar el anillo sobre el anular de la derecha.","translation":"Faced with the riddles locked inside that proposal, his perplexity grew, and with the fingers of his left hand he began to turn the ring on the ring finger of his right.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p17-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"acrecentóse","title":"Enclitic «se» on the verb","body":"«acrecentóse» is «se acrecentó» ('grew, increased') with the pronoun fused to the end — the same literary enclitic placement Arlt uses elsewhere in this scene («quedóse», «restregóse»). The pronominal «acrecentarse» means 'to increase' of its own accord."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enigmas","gloss":"faced with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of enigmas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"enigmas","lemma":"enigma","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of acrecentóse","gloss":"riddles"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of encerraba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"encerraba","lemma":"encerrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying enigmas","gloss":"locked"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of propuesta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"propuesta","lemma":"propuesta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of encerraba","gloss":"proposal"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of perplejidad","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"perplejidad","lemma":"perplejidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of acrecentóse","gloss":"perplexity"},{"surface":"acrecentóse","lemma":"acrecentarse","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew","note":"Archaic literary style: 'se' is attached to the end of the conjugated verb ('acrecentó' + 'se')."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of comenzó","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mano","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies dedos","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"izquierda","lemma":"izquierdo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mano","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"comenzó","lemma":"comenzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of comenzó","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"girar","lemma":"girar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacer","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of anillo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"anillo","lemma":"anillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of girar","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anular","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of anular","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"anular","lemma":"anular","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of girar","gloss":"ring finger","note":"Here 'anular' is the noun for 'ring finger,' not the verb 'to annul.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking derecha","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of derecha","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"derecha","lemma":"derecha","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies anular","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p17-s3","source":"La piedra violeta pasaba a cada instante frente a la cadena de bronce, y aunque él mantenía el rostro inclinado, bajo la línea de sus cejas, sus pupilas horizontales escudriñaban el rostro de Erdosain.","translation":"The violet stone passed every instant in front of the bronze chain, and although he kept his face lowered, beneath the line of his eyebrows his level pupils were searching Erdosain's face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p17-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piedra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piedra","lemma":"piedra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of pasaba","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"violeta","lemma":"violeta","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies piedra","gloss":"violet"},{"surface":"pasaba","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking instante","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of instante","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"instante","lemma":"instante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasaba","gloss":"instant"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente a","morphology":"preposition (compound, with a)","role":"preposition marking cadena","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the compound preposition frente a","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cadena","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cadena","lemma":"cadena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasaba","gloss":"chain"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bronce","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bronce","lemma":"bronce","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cadena","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the adverbial clause on escudriñaban","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mantenía","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mantenía","lemma":"mantener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the clause introduced by aunque","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mantenía","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"inclinado","lemma":"inclinado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking línea","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of línea","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"línea","lemma":"línea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of escudriñaban","gloss":"line"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cejas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of cejas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cejas","lemma":"ceja","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies línea","gloss":"eyebrows"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pupilas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pupilas","lemma":"pupila","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of escudriñaban","gloss":"pupils"},{"surface":"horizontales","lemma":"horizontal","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies pupilas","gloss":"level"},{"surface":"escudriñaban","lemma":"escudriñar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with pasaba","gloss":"were searching"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of escudriñaban","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"'s"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies rostro","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":40,"label":"18","id":"la-propuesta-p18-s1","source":"Y la nariz torcida cobraba en esa posición el vigor de una defensa con el mentón hundido en la negra tela del corbatín.","translation":"And in that posture the crooked nose took on the force of a stronghold, the chin sunk into the black cloth of the cravat.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p18-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous sentence","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nariz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nariz","lemma":"nariz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of cobraba","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"torcida","lemma":"torcido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nariz","gloss":"crooked"},{"surface":"cobraba","lemma":"cobrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took on"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking posición","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of posición","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"posición","lemma":"posición","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cobraba","gloss":"posture"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vigor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vigor","lemma":"vigor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cobraba","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking defensa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of defensa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"defensa","lemma":"defensa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vigor","gloss":"stronghold"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mentón","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mentón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mentón","lemma":"mentón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cobraba","gloss":"chin"},{"surface":"hundido","lemma":"hundido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mentón","gloss":"sunk"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tela","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tela","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"negra","lemma":"negra","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tela","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"tela","lemma":"tela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hundido","gloss":"cloth"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition (contraction of de + el)","role":"preposition marking corbatín","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"corbatín","lemma":"corbatín","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tela","gloss":"cravat"}]},{"number":41,"label":"19","id":"la-propuesta-p19-s1","source":"–A ver, explíqueme todo eso, porque yo no entiendo ni una palabra.","translation":"\"Let's see — explain all that to me, because I don't understand a single word.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p19-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ni una palabra","title":"«ni» for emphatic 'not even'","body":"«no entiendo ni una palabra» = 'I don't understand even a single word'. With a negated verb, «ni» strengthens the negation to 'not even one'. The double negative («no… ni») is standard and obligatory in Spanish."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"A","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the fixed idiom a ver","gloss":"let's","note":"'A ver' is a fixed idiom meaning 'let's see.'"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"part of the fixed idiom a ver","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"explíqueme","lemma":"explicar yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"explain to me"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of eso","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of explíqueme","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of entiendo","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of entiendo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies entiendo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"entiendo","lemma":"entender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on explíqueme","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies palabra","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of palabra","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"palabra","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of entiendo","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":42,"label":"20","id":"la-propuesta-p20-s1","source":"Ahora se había incorporado y su rostro parecía desafiar una lluvia de golpes.","translation":"Now he had sat up, and his face seemed to dare a rain of blows.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p20-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies incorporado","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of incorporado","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of incorporado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"incorporado","lemma":"incorporar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat up"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of parecía","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with incorporado","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"desafiar","lemma":"desafiar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of parecía","gloss":"dare"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lluvia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lluvia","lemma":"lluvia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of desafiar","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking golpes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"golpes","lemma":"golpe","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies lluvia","gloss":"blows"}]},{"number":43,"label":"21","id":"la-propuesta-p21-s1","source":"–Es fácil y genial.","translation":"\"It's simple and brilliant.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p21-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to fácil","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"fácil","lemma":"fácil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"simple"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"genial","lemma":"genial","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with fácil","gloss":"brilliant"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p21-s2","source":"Mi mujer esta noche se ha ido a vivir con otro hombre.","translation":"My wife has gone off tonight to live with another man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p21-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se ha ido","title":"Pronominal «irse» = 'to leave / go off'","body":"«irse» (with the reflexive pronoun) stresses departure — 'to go away, leave' — where plain «ir» merely means 'to go (somewhere)'. «Se ha ido a vivir con otro» = 'she has gone off to live with another man'. The «se» carries the whole weight of the abandonment."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ido","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ido","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ido","gloss":"(reflexive)","note":"'Irse' is a pronominal verb meaning 'to leave/go off' — 'se' has no separate translation."},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ido","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ido","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vivir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vivir","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose clause on ido","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vivir","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p21-s3","source":"Entonces él...","translation":"And so he...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p21-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"And so"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":46,"label":"22","id":"la-propuesta-p22-s1","source":"–¿Quién es él?...","translation":"\"Who is he?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p22-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quién","lemma":"quién","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"Who"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking Quién to él","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":47,"label":"23","id":"la-propuesta-p23-s1","source":"–Barsut, el primo de mi mujer... Gregorio Barsut, vino a verme y a confesarme que fue él quien me denunció a la Azucarera.","translation":"\"Barsut, my wife's cousin... Gregorio Barsut, came to see me and to confess to me that it was he who reported me to the Sugar Company.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p23-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fue él quien","title":"Cleft sentence «fue... quien»","body":"«fue él quien me denunció» = 'it was he who reported me'. The frame «ser + X + quien/que» singles X out for emphasis, exactly like the English 'it was he who…'. The verb «ser» agrees in tense with the action — here the preterite «fue»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of vino","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of primo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"primo","lemma":"primo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Barsut","gloss":"cousin"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mujer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies primo","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"Gregorio","lemma":"Gregorio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to Barsut, restating the full name","gloss":"Gregorio"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Gregorio","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"vino","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of verme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"verme","lemma":"ver yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of vino","gloss":"see me"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of confesarme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"confesarme","lemma":"confesar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with verme","gloss":"confess to me"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fue","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of confesarme","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fue","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"quien","lemma":"quien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of denunció","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of denunció","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"denunció","lemma":"denunciar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying él","gloss":"reported"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Azucarera","gloss":"to","note":"Not the personal a: the direct object of denunció is \"me\" (reported earlier in the clause); this \"a\" marks the recipient of the report, \"to the Sugar Company.\""},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Azucarera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Azucarera","lemma":"Azucarera","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of denunció","gloss":"Sugar Company"}]},{"number":48,"label":"24","id":"la-propuesta-p24-s1","source":"–¡Ah!...","translation":"\"Ah!...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p24-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"Ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Ah"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p24-s2","source":"¿Fue él quien lo denunció?...","translation":"Was it he who reported you?...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p24-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Was"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Fue","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"quien","lemma":"quien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of denunció","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of denunció","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"denunció","lemma":"denunciar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Fue","gloss":"reported"}]},{"number":50,"label":"25","id":"la-propuesta-p25-s1","source":"–Sí, y para colmo...","translation":"\"Yes, and to top it all off...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p25-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"para colmo","title":"Idiom «para colmo»","body":"«para colmo (de males)» means 'to top it all off, to make matters worse'. «colmo» is the brim or the final straw; the phrase introduces one more bad thing piled on the rest."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"coordinated with Sí, introduces the idiom para colmo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"colmo","lemma":"colmo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase para","gloss":"top it off","note":"\"para colmo\" is a fixed idiom meaning \"to top it all off\" / \"as if that weren't enough.\""}]},{"number":51,"label":"26","id":"la-propuesta-p26-s1","source":"–Pero, ¿por qué motivo lo denunció?...","translation":"\"But for what reason did he report you?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p26-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of motivo","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"motivo","lemma":"motivo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of denunció","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of denunció","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"denunció","lemma":"denunciar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"report"}]},{"number":52,"label":"27","id":"la-propuesta-p27-s1","source":"–¡Qué sé yo!...","translation":"\"How should I know!...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p27-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"¡Qué sé yo!","title":"Idiom «¡Qué sé yo!»","body":"«¡Qué sé yo!» literally 'what do I know!' is a fixed exclamation meaning 'how should I know, who knows, beats me'. The subject «yo» comes after the verb for emphasis. It shrugs off the question entirely."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of sé","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know","note":"\"Qué sé yo\" is a set idiom, literally \"what do I know,\" used to mean \"how should I know\" / \"who knows.\""},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of sé","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p27-s2","source":"Para humillarme...","translation":"To humiliate me...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p27-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of humillarme","gloss":"To"},{"surface":"humillarme","lemma":"humillar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"humiliate me"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p27-s3","source":"En fin, es medio loco.","translation":"In short, he's half mad.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p27-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"medio loco","title":"«medio» as an adverb","body":"Used before an adjective, «medio» means 'half / rather' and, as an adverb, does not change to agree: «medio loco» = 'half crazy', and one would also say «medio loca» of a woman, keeping «medio» invariable."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the idiomatic phrase en fin","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase En","gloss":"short","note":"\"en fin\" is a fixed idiom meaning \"in short\" / \"anyway,\" not literally \"end.\""},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to loco","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"medio","lemma":"medio","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies loco","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of es","gloss":"mad"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p27-s4","source":"Un individuo que vive frenéticamente.","translation":"A man who lives frantically.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p27-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of individuo","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"individuo","lemma":"individuo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of vive","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"vive","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying individuo","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"frenéticamente","lemma":"frenéticamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vive","gloss":"frantically"}]},{"number":56,"label":"28","id":"la-propuesta-p28-s1","source":"Tiene veinte mil pesos.","translation":"He has twenty thousand pesos.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p28-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"veinte","lemma":"veinte","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with veinte","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Tiene","gloss":"pesos"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p28-s2","source":"El padre murió en un manicomio.","translation":"His father died in an asylum.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p28-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padre","gloss":"His"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of murió","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"murió","lemma":"morir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manicomio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of manicomio","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"manicomio","lemma":"manicomio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of murió","gloss":"asylum"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p28-s3","source":"El va a terminar también allí.","translation":"He'll end up there too.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p28-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"va a terminar","title":"«ir a» + infinitive (near future)","body":"«ir a» plus an infinitive is the everyday way to say 'going to (do something)': «va a terminar allí» = 'he's going to end up there'. It is more colloquial than the simple future «terminará» and is by far the more common in speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of va","gloss":"He","note":"\"El\" here is the pronoun \"Él\" (he) printed without its accent mark, not the article \"the\" — \"va\" needs a subject."},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of terminar","gloss":"is going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of terminar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"terminar","lemma":"terminar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"end up"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies terminar","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies terminar","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p28-s4","source":"Los veinte mil pesos son la herencia de una tía por parte del padre.","translation":"The twenty thousand pesos are an inheritance from an aunt on his father's side.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p28-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pesos","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"veinte","lemma":"veinte","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with veinte","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of son","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to herencia","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of herencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"herencia","lemma":"herencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"inheritance"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tía","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tía","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"tía","lemma":"tía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies herencia","gloss":"aunt"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padre","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of herencia","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":60,"label":"29","id":"la-propuesta-p29-s1","source":"El Astrólogo se cogió la frente.","translation":"The Astrologer clutched his forehead.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p29-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of cogió","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of cogió","gloss":"his","note":"The reflexive \"se\" marks the forehead as his own (inalienable possession); it corresponds to English \"his,\" not a separate word."},{"surface":"cogió","lemma":"coger","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"clutched"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cogió","gloss":"forehead"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p29-s2","source":"Estaba más perplejo que nunca.","translation":"He was more perplexed than ever.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p29-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to perplejo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies perplejo","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"perplejo","lemma":"perplejo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"perplexed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with nunca","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies perplejo","gloss":"ever"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p29-s3","source":"A él le interesaba el asunto, mas no lo comprendía.","translation":"The matter interested him, but he did not understand it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p29-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"A él le interesaba","title":"«interesar» like «gustar»","body":"«interesar» works like «gustar»: the thing that interests is the grammatical subject, and the person is an indirect object. «A él le interesaba el asunto» = 'the matter interested him' (literally 'to him the matter was interesting'). The fronted «a él» merely emphasizes the «le»."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mas","title":"«mas» without an accent = 'but'","body":"«mas» (no accent) is a literary word for 'but', equivalent to «pero». Do not confuse it with «más» ('more'), which carries an accent. Arlt's «mas no lo comprendía» = 'but he did not understand it'."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"to","note":"\"A él\" emphatically doubles the dative \"le\"; it stresses \"him,\" not a separate \"to him.\""},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of interesaba, doubling le","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of interesaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"interesaba","lemma":"interesar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"interested"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of asunto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"asunto","lemma":"asunto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of interesaba","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating conjunction, contrasts with interesaba","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies comprendía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of comprendía","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"comprendía","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with interesaba","gloss":"understood"}]},{"number":63,"label":"30","id":"la-propuesta-p30-s1","source":"Insistió:","translation":"He pressed on:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p30-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Insistió","lemma":"insistir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pressed on"}]},{"number":64,"label":"31","id":"la-propuesta-p31-s1","source":"–Cuénteme todo con detalle, ordenadamente.","translation":"\"Tell me everything in detail, in order.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p31-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Cuénteme","title":"Formal command + enclitic «me»","body":"«Cuénteme» is the «usted» imperative of «contar» ('to tell') with the object pronoun «me» attached: 'tell me'. The written accent on «cuénte-» keeps the original stress once the pronoun lengthens the word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuénteme","lemma":"contar yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal (usted), singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Tell"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Cuénteme","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking detalle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"detalle","lemma":"detalle","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies todo","gloss":"detail"},{"surface":"ordenadamente","lemma":"ordenadamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Cuénteme","gloss":"in order"}]},{"number":65,"label":"32","id":"la-propuesta-p32-s1","source":"Erdosain recomenzó su relato.","translation":"Erdosain began his account again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p32-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of recomenzó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"recomenzó","lemma":"recomenzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"began again"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of relato","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"relato","lemma":"relato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of recomenzó","gloss":"account"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p32-s2","source":"Narró todo lo que conocemos.","translation":"He told everything we already know.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p32-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Narró","lemma":"narrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"quantifies lo que","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"article, neuter, singular","role":"part of the relative phrase lo que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of conocemos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"conocemos","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of Narró","gloss":"we know"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p32-s3","source":"Hablaba despacio, meticulosamente, pues había desaparecido de él esa tensión nerviosa que precedía a la propuesta que le hizo al Astrólogo.","translation":"He spoke slowly, meticulously, for the nervous tension that had preceded the proposal he made to the Astrologer had now gone out of him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p32-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pues","title":"«pues» = 'for / since'","body":"Here «pues» introduces a reason — 'for, because, since' — rather than functioning as the filler 'well'. «Hablaba despacio... pues había desaparecido...» = 'he spoke slowly... for [the tension] had vanished...'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hablaba","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"despacio","lemma":"despacio","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Hablaba","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"meticulosamente","lemma":"meticulosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Hablaba","gloss":"meticulously"},{"surface":"pues","lemma":"pues","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desaparecido","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of desaparecido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"desaparecido","lemma":"desaparecer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Hablaba","gloss":"gone"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desaparecido","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tensión","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tensión","lemma":"tensión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of desaparecido","gloss":"tension"},{"surface":"nerviosa","lemma":"nervioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tensión","gloss":"nervous"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of precedía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"precedía","lemma":"preceder","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying tensión","gloss":"preceded"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking propuesta","gloss":"to","note":"This is the \"personal a\" marking the direct object of precedía; it is not a literal \"to.\""},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of propuesta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"propuesta","lemma":"propuesta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of precedía","gloss":"proposal"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hizo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hizo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"hizo","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying propuesta","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of hizo, doubling le","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":68,"label":"33","id":"la-propuesta-p33-s1","source":"Ahora estaba sentado al borde de la silla, la espalda arqueada, los codos apoyados en las rodillas, las mejillas enrejadas por los dedos, la mirada fija en el pavimento.","translation":"Now he sat on the edge of the chair, his back arched, his elbows propped on his knees, his cheeks latticed by his fingers, his gaze fixed on the floor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p33-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentado","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sentado","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sentado","lemma":"sentado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking borde","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"borde","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentado","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silla","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of silla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"silla","lemma":"silla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies borde","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of espalda","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"espalda","lemma":"espalda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of arqueada, absolute construction","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"arqueada","lemma":"arqueado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies espalda","gloss":"arched"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of codos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"codos","lemma":"codo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of apoyados, absolute construction","gloss":"elbows"},{"surface":"apoyados","lemma":"apoyado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies codos","gloss":"propped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rodillas","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of rodillas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rodillas","lemma":"rodilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of apoyados","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mejillas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mejillas","lemma":"mejilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of enrejadas, absolute construction","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"enrejadas","lemma":"enrejada","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mejillas","gloss":"latticed"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"agent complement of enrejadas","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of fija, absolute construction","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"fija","lemma":"fijo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pavimento","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pavimento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pavimento","lemma":"pavimento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fija","gloss":"floor"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p33-s2","source":"La piel amarilla pegada a los huesos planos del semblante le daba la apariencia de un tísico.","translation":"The yellow skin stuck to the flat bones of his face gave him the look of a consumptive.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p33-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tísico","title":"«tísico» — a consumptive","body":"«tísico» is someone suffering from «tisis», the old word for pulmonary tuberculosis ('consumption'). It conjures the wasted, hollow-cheeked look the disease was known for — the sickly mask Erdosain's face has become."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piel","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"piel","lemma":"piel","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of daba","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"amarilla","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies piel","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"pegada","lemma":"pegado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies piel","gloss":"stuck"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huesos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of huesos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"huesos","lemma":"hueso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pegada","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"planos","lemma":"plano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies huesos","gloss":"flat"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking semblante","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"semblante","lemma":"semblante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies huesos","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of daba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"daba","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of apariencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"apariencia","lemma":"apariencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of daba","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tísico","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tísico","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tísico","lemma":"tísico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies apariencia","gloss":"consumptive"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p33-s3","source":"Un cúmulo de iniquidades salía de su garganta, sin interrupciones, sordamente, como si recitara una lección estampada al frío en el plano de su conciencia.","translation":"A heap of iniquities came out of his throat, without pause, dully, as if he were reciting a lesson stamped cold onto the surface of his conscience.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p33-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si recitara","title":"«como si» + past subjunctive","body":"«como si» ('as if') always takes the past (or pluperfect) subjunctive, even about the present: «como si recitara» = 'as if he were reciting'. The construction sets up an unreal comparison — he is not really reciting, only seems to be."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cúmulo","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"cúmulo","lemma":"cúmulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of salía","gloss":"heap"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking iniquidades","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"iniquidades","lemma":"iniquidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cúmulo","gloss":"iniquities"},{"surface":"salía","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking garganta","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of garganta","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"garganta","lemma":"garganta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of salía","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking interrupciones","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"interrupciones","lemma":"interrupción","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of salía","gloss":"pause"},{"surface":"sordamente","lemma":"sordamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies salía","gloss":"dully"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of recitara","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of recitara","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"recitara","lemma":"recitar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on salía","gloss":"were reciting"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lección","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lección","lemma":"lección","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of recitara","gloss":"lesson"},{"surface":"estampada","lemma":"estampado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lección","gloss":"stamped"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frío","gloss":"in the","note":"\"al frío\" (literally \"in the cold\") is used adverbially here, meaning stamped coldly/mechanically."},{"surface":"frío","lemma":"frío","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estampada","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plano","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of plano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plano","lemma":"plano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estampada","gloss":"surface"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conciencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of conciencia","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"conciencia","lemma":"conciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies plano","gloss":"conscience"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p33-s4","source":"El Astrólogo, tapados los labios con los dedos, lo escuchaba mirándolo extrañado.","translation":"The Astrologer, his lips covered with his fingers, listened to him, watching him in bewilderment.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p33-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tapados los labios","title":"Absolute participle clause","body":"«tapados los labios con los dedos» is a participle phrase standing on its own — 'his lips covered with his fingers'. The past participle «tapados» agrees with «los labios» and compresses 'with his lips covered…' into a tight, image-like clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of escuchaba","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"tapados","lemma":"tapado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies labios, absolute construction","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of labios","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"labios","lemma":"labio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of tapados, absolute construction","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of tapados","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of escuchaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"escuchaba","lemma":"escuchar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"listened to"},{"surface":"mirándolo","lemma":"mirar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on escuchaba","gloss":"watching him"},{"surface":"extrañado","lemma":"extrañado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of mirándolo","gloss":"bewildered"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p33-s5","source":"Se había imaginado muchas cosas, mas no tantas.","translation":"He had imagined many things, but not this many.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p33-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of imaginado","gloss":"(no separate word — reflexive marker of the pronominal verb imaginarse, not \"himself\"; the given translation has no reflexive)"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of imaginado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"imaginado","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imagined"},{"surface":"muchas","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of imaginado","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating conjunction, contrasts with cosas","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tantas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tantas","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of imaginado, ellipsis of cosas","gloss":"this many"}]},{"number":73,"label":"34","id":"la-propuesta-p34-s1","source":"Con una lentitud derivada del exceso de atención para no equivocarse, Erdosain acumulaba angustias, humillaciones, recuerdos, sufrimientos, noches que paso sin dormir, riñas espantosas.","translation":"With a slowness born of the excess of care not to make a mistake, Erdosain piled up anguishes, humiliations, memories, sufferings, nights he had spent without sleep, frightful quarrels.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p34-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"para no equivocarse","title":"«para» + infinitive of purpose","body":"«para» plus an infinitive states a purpose: «para no equivocarse» = 'so as not to go wrong / make a mistake'. The negative «no» sits between «para» and the infinitive. «equivocarse» is pronominal — 'to be mistaken, slip up'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lentitud","gloss":"With"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lentitud","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lentitud","lemma":"lentitud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of acumulaba","gloss":"slowness"},{"surface":"derivada","lemma":"derivado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lentitud","gloss":"born"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking exceso","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"exceso","lemma":"exceso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of derivada","gloss":"excess"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atención","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"atención","lemma":"atención","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies exceso","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of equivocarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies equivocarse","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"equivocarse","lemma":"equivocar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying exceso","gloss":"make a mistake"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of acumulaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"acumulaba","lemma":"acumular","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"piled up"},{"surface":"angustias","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of acumulaba","gloss":"anguishes"},{"surface":"humillaciones","lemma":"humillación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with angustias","gloss":"humiliations"},{"surface":"recuerdos","lemma":"recuerdo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with angustias","gloss":"memories"},{"surface":"sufrimientos","lemma":"sufrimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with angustias","gloss":"sufferings"},{"surface":"noches","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with angustias","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of paso","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"paso","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying noches","gloss":"spent","note":"\"paso\" here is \"pasó\" (preterite, he spent) printed without the accent mark — common in this edition."},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dormir","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"dormir","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on paso","gloss":"sleeping"},{"surface":"riñas","lemma":"riña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with angustias","gloss":"quarrels"},{"surface":"espantosas","lemma":"espantoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies riñas","gloss":"frightful"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p34-s2","source":"Dijo entre otras cosas:","translation":"Among other things, he said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p34-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cosas","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"otras","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Dijo","gloss":"things"}]},{"number":75,"label":"35","id":"la-propuesta-p35-s1","source":"–Le parecerá mentira a usted que yo, yo que he venido a proponerle el asesinato de un hombre, le hable de inocencia, y, sin embargo, tenía veinte años y era un chico.","translation":"\"It will seem a lie to you that I, I who have come to propose to you the murder of a man, should speak to you of innocence — and yet I was twenty years old and I was a boy.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p35-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le hable","title":"Subjunctive after «parecer mentira que»","body":"«Le parecerá mentira que… le hable de inocencia» = 'it will seem a lie to you that I should speak of innocence'. An expression of (dis)belief like «parecer mentira que» governs the subjunctive «hable» in its clause, marking the speaking as something doubted, not asserted."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parecerá, doubling a usted","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"parecerá","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will seem"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of parecerá","gloss":"a lie"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"indirect object of parecerá","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hable","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with the second yo, emphatic repetition","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of hable","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of venido","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of venido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"venido","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying yo","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of proponerle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"proponerle","lemma":"proponer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on venido","gloss":"propose to you"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of asesinato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"asesinato","lemma":"asesinato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of proponerle","gloss":"murder"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies asesinato","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hable","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"hable","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of parecerá","gloss":"should speak"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inocencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"inocencia","lemma":"inocencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hable","gloss":"innocence"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the idiom sin embargo","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase sin","gloss":"however","note":"\"sin embargo\" is a fixed phrase meaning \"however\"/\"nevertheless,\" not literally \"without embargo.\""},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with era","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"veinte","lemma":"veinte","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies años","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"años","lemma":"año","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"years old"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to chico","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of chico","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"chico","lemma":"chico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of era","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p35-s2","source":"¿Sabe usted qué clase de tristeza es esa que le hace pasar a uno la noche en un asqueroso despacho de bebidas, perdiendo el tiempo entre conversaciones estúpidas y tragos de caña?","translation":"Do you know what kind of sadness it is that makes a man spend the night in a filthy liquor bar, wasting time amid stupid conversations and shots of cane liquor?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p35-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le hace pasar a uno","title":"Impersonal «uno» + causative «hacer»","body":"«uno» here is the impersonal 'one / a person', and «hacer + infinitive» is causative: «le hace pasar a uno la noche» = 'makes one spend the night'. The «le» doubles the «a uno», a standard pairing of pronoun and full object."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Know"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of Sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of clase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"clase","lemma":"clase","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"kind"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tristeza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tristeza","lemma":"tristeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies clase","gloss":"sadness"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Sabe","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hace","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hace (causee)","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying esa","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"pasar","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hace","gloss":"spend"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking uno","gloss":"(marks object)","note":"This is the personal \"a\"; it marks a human direct object and has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"causee of hace, subject of pasar","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of pasar","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking despacho","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of despacho","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"asqueroso","lemma":"asqueroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies despacho","gloss":"filthy"},{"surface":"despacho","lemma":"despacho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasar","gloss":"bar"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bebidas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bebidas","lemma":"bebida","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies despacho","gloss":"liquor"},{"surface":"perdiendo","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on pasar","gloss":"wasting"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of perdiendo","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conversaciones","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"conversaciones","lemma":"conversación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of perdiendo","gloss":"conversations"},{"surface":"estúpidas","lemma":"estúpido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies conversaciones","gloss":"stupid"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tragos","lemma":"trago","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with conversaciones","gloss":"shots"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caña","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"caña","lemma":"caña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tragos","gloss":"cane liquor"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p35-s3","source":"¿Sabe lo qué es estar en un prostíbulo y de pronto contenerse para no llorar desesperadamente?","translation":"Do you know what it is to be in a brothel and suddenly hold yourself back so as not to weep in despair?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p35-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Know"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"anticipates the clause qué es estar, direct object of Sabe","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Sabe","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of es","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prostíbulo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of prostíbulo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"prostíbulo","lemma":"prostíbulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estar","gloss":"brothel"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase de pronto, modifies contenerse","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de pronto, modifies contenerse","gloss":"suddenly","note":"'de pronto' is a fixed idiom meaning 'suddenly.'"},{"surface":"contenerse","lemma":"contener él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with estar","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of llorar","gloss":"so as"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llorar","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"llorar","lemma":"llorar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on contenerse","gloss":"to weep"},{"surface":"desesperadamente","lemma":"desesperadamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llorar","gloss":"in despair"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p35-s4","source":"Usted me mira asombrado, claro, veía un hombre raro, quizá, pero no se daba cuenta de que toda esa rareza derivaba de la angustia que yo llevaba escondida en mí.","translation":"You look at me in astonishment, of course — you saw a strange man, perhaps, but you didn't realize that all that strangeness came from the anguish I carried hidden inside me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p35-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se daba cuenta de que","title":"Idiom «darse cuenta de»","body":"«darse cuenta de (que)» means 'to realize (that)'. The «de» is required before a «que» clause: «no se daba cuenta de que…» = 'you didn't realize that…'. Dropping the «de» («darse cuenta que») is common in speech but considered incorrect."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of mira","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of mira","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"mira","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"asombrado","lemma":"asombrado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"secondary predicate describing Usted","gloss":"astonished"},{"surface":"claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veía","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"veía","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with mira","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of veía","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"raro","lemma":"raro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veía","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies daba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of daba","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"daba","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with veía","gloss":"realized"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with daba","gloss":"account","note":"'darse cuenta' is an idiom meaning 'to realize.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of derivaba, complement of daba cuenta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of derivaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies rareza","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of rareza","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"rareza","lemma":"rareza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of derivaba","gloss":"strangeness"},{"surface":"derivaba","lemma":"derivar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of daba cuenta","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking angustia","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of angustia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of derivaba","gloss":"anguish"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of llevaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of llevaba","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"llevaba","lemma":"llevar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying angustia","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"escondida","lemma":"escondido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective describing que (angustia)","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"object of preposition en, modifies escondida","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p35-s5","source":"Vea, hasta me parece mentira hablar con precisión como lo hago.","translation":"Look, it even seems a lie to me that I can speak as precisely as I do.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p35-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Vea","title":"«Vea» as a discourse marker","body":"Literally the «usted» command of «ver» ('see'), «Vea» works here as a conversational opener — 'Look, listen, you see'. It calls the listener's attention to what comes next rather than asking him to look at anything."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Look"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies parece","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parece","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Vea","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of parece","gloss":"a lie"},{"surface":"hablar","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of parece","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking precisión","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"precisión","lemma":"precisión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hablar","gloss":"precision"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hago","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hago","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hago","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hablar","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p35-s6","source":"¿Quién soy?","translation":"Who am I?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p35-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quién","lemma":"quién","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of soy","gloss":"Who"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Quién","gloss":"am"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p35-s7","source":"¿Adonde voy?","translation":"Where am I going?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p35-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Adonde","lemma":"adonde","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of voy","gloss":"Where"},{"surface":"voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am going"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p35-s8","source":"No lo sé.","translation":"I don't know.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p35-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"Not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sé","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p35-s9","source":"Tengo la impresión de que usted es igual a mí, y por eso he venido a proponerle el asesinato de Barsut.","translation":"I have the impression that you are just like me, and that is why I have come to propose to you the murder of Barsut.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p35-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Have"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impresión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"impresión","lemma":"impresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Tengo","gloss":"impression"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of igual","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of igual","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to igual","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"igual","lemma":"igual","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"object of a, complement of igual","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of preposition por, modifies venido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of venido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"venido","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Tengo","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of proponerle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"proponerle","lemma":"proponer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on venido","gloss":"propose to you"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of asesinato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"asesinato","lemma":"asesinato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of proponerle","gloss":"murder"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies asesinato","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p35-s10","source":"Con el dinero fundaremos la logia y quizá podamos remover los cimientos de esta sociedad.","translation":"With the money we'll found the lodge, and perhaps we'll be able to shake the foundations of this society.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p35-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quizá podamos","title":"Subjunctive after «quizá»","body":"«quizá» ('perhaps') commonly takes the subjunctive when the doubt is real: «quizá podamos» = 'perhaps we may be able to'. The subjunctive «podamos» leaves the outcome genuinely open, more tentative than the indicative would be."}],"words":[{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dinero","gloss":"With"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fundaremos","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"fundaremos","lemma":"fundar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will found"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of logia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"logia","lemma":"logia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of fundaremos","gloss":"lodge"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies podamos","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"podamos","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of remover","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"remover","lemma":"remover","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of podamos","gloss":"shake"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cimientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cimientos","lemma":"cimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of remover","gloss":"foundations"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cimientos","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":85,"label":"36","id":"la-propuesta-p36-s1","source":"El Astrólogo lo interrumpió:","translation":"The Astrologer interrupted him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p36-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of interrumpió","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of interrumpió","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"interrumpió","lemma":"interrumpir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"interrupted"}]},{"number":86,"label":"37","id":"la-propuesta-p37-s1","source":"–Pero, ¿por qué usted ha procedido siempre así?...","translation":"\"But why have you always acted this way?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p37-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"why","note":"«por qué» together means 'why.'"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of procedido","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of procedido","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of procedido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"procedido","lemma":"proceder","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"acted"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies procedido","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies procedido","gloss":"this way"}]},{"number":87,"label":"38","id":"la-propuesta-p38-s1","source":"–Eso es lo que yo no sé.","translation":"\"That's exactly what I don't know.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p38-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"eso","morphology":"pronoun, demonstrative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"article, neuter, singular","role":"forms lo que with que (relative)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of sé, correlate of lo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of sé","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause, predicate complement of es","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p38-s2","source":"¿Por qué usted quiere organizar la logia?","translation":"Why do you want to organize the lodge?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p38-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"Why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of quiere","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of quiere","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"organizar","lemma":"organizar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiere","gloss":"organize"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of logia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"logia","lemma":"logia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of organizar","gloss":"lodge"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p38-s3","source":"¿Por qué el Rufián Melancólico continúa explotando mujeres y lustrándose los botines a pesar de tener fortuna?","translation":"Why does the Melancholy Ruffian go on exploiting women and shining his own boots in spite of having a fortune?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p38-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"continúa explotando","title":"«continuar / seguir» + gerund","body":"«continuar» (like «seguir») plus a gerund means 'to keep / go on doing something': «continúa explotando» = 'he goes on exploiting'. Spanish uses the gerund here where English uses 'keep + -ing'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"Why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of continúa","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of continúa","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"Melancólico","lemma":"Melancólico","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Rufián","gloss":"Melancholy"},{"surface":"continúa","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"continues"},{"surface":"explotando","lemma":"explotar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of continúa","gloss":"exploiting"},{"surface":"mujeres","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of explotando","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lustrándose","lemma":"lustrar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with explotando","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of botines","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"botines","lemma":"botín","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of lustrándose","gloss":"boots"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"heads the phrase a pesar de, modifies lustrándose","gloss":"in","note":"'a pesar de' is the fixed phrase 'in spite of, despite.'"},{"surface":"pesar","lemma":"pesar","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"spite"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on lustrándose","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"fortuna","lemma":"fortuna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"fortune"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p38-s4","source":"¿Por qué Ergueta se casó con una prostituta y dejó a la millonaria?","translation":"Why did Ergueta marry a prostitute and leave the millionairess?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p38-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"Why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of casó","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of casó","gloss":"Ergueta"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of casó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"casó","lemma":"casar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"married"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prostituta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of prostituta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"prostituta","lemma":"prostituta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of casó","gloss":"prostitute"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dejó","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with casó","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking millonaria","gloss":"(marks object)","note":"This is the personal \"a\"; it marks a human direct object and has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of millonaria","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"millonaria","lemma":"millonaria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dejó","gloss":"millionairess"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p38-s5","source":"¿Cree usted acaso que yo he tolerado la bofetada de Barsut y la presencia del capitán, porque sí?","translation":"Do you suppose I put up with Barsut's slap and the captain's presence just because?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p38-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"porque sí","title":"Idiom «porque sí»","body":"«porque sí» means 'just because, for no reason at all'. It dismisses the idea that there is any real motive — here Erdosain insists the opposite: that there is a hidden reason for everything he has endured."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cree","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Suppose"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of Cree","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"acaso","lemma":"acaso","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Cree","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tolerado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of tolerado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tolerado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"tolerado","lemma":"tolerar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Cree","gloss":"put up with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bofetada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bofetada","lemma":"bofetada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tolerado","gloss":"slap"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies bofetada","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of presencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"presencia","lemma":"presencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with bofetada","gloss":"presence"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capitán","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"capitán","lemma":"capitán","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies presencia","gloss":"captain"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the idiom porque sí, modifying tolerado","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"interjection","role":"completes the idiom porque sí","gloss":"(idiom)","note":"Porque sí is an idiom meaning \"just because,\" with no reason given."}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p38-s6","source":"Aparentemente soy un cobarde, Ergueta un loco, el Rufián un avaro, usted un obsesionado.","translation":"On the surface I'm a coward, Ergueta a madman, the Ruffian a miser, you a man obsessed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p38-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aparentemente","lemma":"aparentemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies soy","gloss":"On the surface"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cobarde","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cobarde","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cobarde","lemma":"cobarde","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"predicate complement of soy","gloss":"coward"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of elided es, parallel to soy","gloss":"Ergueta"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of loco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of elided es, parallel to cobarde","gloss":"madman"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of elided es, parallel to Ergueta","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of avaro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"avaro","lemma":"avaro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of elided es, parallel to loco","gloss":"miser"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of elided es, parallel to Rufián","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of obsesionado","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"obsesionado","lemma":"obsesionado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of elided es, parallel to avaro","gloss":"obsessed"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p38-s7","source":"Aparentemente somos todo eso, pero en el fondo, adentro, más abajo de nuestra conciencia y de nuestros pensamientos hay otra vida más poderosa y enorme... y si soportamos todo es porque creemos que soportando o procediendo como lo hacemos llegaremos por fin hasta la verdad... es decir, a la verdad de nosotros mismos.","translation":"On the surface we are all of that, but deep down, inside, below our consciousness and our thoughts there is another life, more powerful and enormous... and if we endure everything it is because we believe that by enduring or by acting as we do we will reach the truth at last... that is, the truth of our own selves.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p38-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"soportando o procediendo","title":"Gerund of means","body":"The gerunds «soportando» and «procediendo» express the means by which something happens — 'by enduring or by acting'. This 'by + -ing' use of the bare gerund is common in Spanish and tells you how the main verb («llegaremos», 'we will reach') comes about."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aparentemente","lemma":"aparentemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies somos","gloss":"On the surface"},{"surface":"somos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to eso","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of eso","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of somos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fondo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fondo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fondo","lemma":"fondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hay","gloss":"bottom"},{"surface":"adentro","lemma":"adentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with fondo","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abajo","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"abajo","lemma":"abajo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conciencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of conciencia","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"conciencia","lemma":"conciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of abajo","gloss":"consciousness"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensamientos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nuestros","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pensamientos","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"pensamientos","lemma":"pensamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with conciencia","gloss":"thoughts"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies poderosa","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"poderosa","lemma":"poderoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"powerful"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"enorme","lemma":"enorme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with poderosa","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of soportamos","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"soportamos","lemma":"soportar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"depends on es","gloss":"endure"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of soportamos","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with hay","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of creemos","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"creemos","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on es","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of soportando","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"soportando","lemma":"soportar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clausal complement of creemos","gloss":"enduring"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"procediendo","lemma":"proceder","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with soportando","gloss":"acting"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hacemos","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hacemos","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hacemos","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on soportando","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"llegaremos","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the que-clause, clausal complement of creemos","gloss":"will reach"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase por fin, modifies llegaremos","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking verdad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of verdad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verdad","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llegaremos","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"part of the phrase es decir, parenthetical","gloss":"that","note":"'es decir' is a fixed phrase meaning 'that is to say.'"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"part of the phrase es","gloss":"to say"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking verdad, restates la verdad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of verdad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verdad","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nosotros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"modifies verdad","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"mismos","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to nosotros","gloss":"own"}]},{"number":94,"label":"39","id":"la-propuesta-p39-s1","source":"El Astrólogo se levantó, avanzó hasta Erdosain y, poniéndole la mano sobre la cabeza, dijo caviloso: –Tiene usted razón, hijo mío.","translation":"The Astrologer stood up, came over to Erdosain, and, laying his hand on his head, said broodingly: \"You're right, my son.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p39-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Tiene usted razón","title":"Idiom «tener razón»","body":"«tener razón» means 'to be right' (literally 'to have reason'). One is right in Spanish by 'having' rightness, not by 'being' it. «Tiene usted razón» = 'you are right'."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of levantó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood up"},{"surface":"avanzó","lemma":"avanzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with levantó","gloss":"came over"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of avanzó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"poniéndole","lemma":"poner él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with levantó","gloss":"laying"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of poniéndole","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabeza","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of poniéndole","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with levantó","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"caviloso","lemma":"caviloso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"secondary predicate describing Astrólogo, manner of dijo","gloss":"broodingly"},{"surface":"Tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted sentence, direct speech of dijo","gloss":"Are","note":"'tener razón' is an idiom meaning 'to be right.'"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of Tiene","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"razón","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Tiene","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"hijo","lemma":"hijo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address, to Erdosain","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"mío","lemma":"mío","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hijo","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p39-s2","source":"Nosotros somos místicos sin saberlo.","translation":"We are mystics without knowing it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p39-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sin saberlo","title":"«sin» + infinitive","body":"«sin» plus an infinitive means 'without (doing)': «sin saberlo» = 'without knowing it'. The «lo» ('it') attaches to the infinitive. It is the negative counterpart of phrases like «al saberlo» ('on knowing it')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"subject of somos","gloss":"We"},{"surface":"somos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to místicos","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"místicos","lemma":"místico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of somos","gloss":"mystics"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of saberlo","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"saberlo","lemma":"saber él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on somos","gloss":"knowing it"}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p39-s3","source":"Místico es el Rufián Melancólico, místico es Ergueta, usted, yo, ella y ellos...","translation":"A mystic is the Melancholy Ruffian, a mystic is Ergueta — you, I, she, and they...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p39-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Místico es el Rufián","title":"Fronted predicate for emphasis","body":"Normal order would be «el Rufián es místico» ('the Ruffian is a mystic'). Putting the predicate «místico» first, «místico es el Rufián», throws the stress onto that word and gives the line an incantatory, sermon-like rhythm — fitting for the Astrologer's speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"Místico","lemma":"místico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominative of es, fronted","gloss":"Mystic","note":"The predicate noun is fronted before the subject for emphasis: literally 'Mystic is the Melancholy Ruffian' means 'the Melancholy Ruffian is a mystic.'"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking Místico to Rufián","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of es","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"Melancólico","lemma":"Melancólico","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Rufián","gloss":"Melancholy"},{"surface":"místico","lemma":"místico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominative of es, fronted","gloss":"mystic"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking místico to Ergueta","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of es","gloss":"Ergueta"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"coordinated with Ergueta","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with Ergueta","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Ergueta","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with Ergueta","gloss":"they"}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p39-s4","source":"El mal del siglo, la irreligión nos ha destrozado el entendimiento y entonces buscamos fuera de nosotros lo que está en el misterio de nuestra subconciencia.","translation":"The sickness of the age, irreligion, has wrecked our understanding, and so we look outside ourselves for what lies in the mystery of our subconscious.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p39-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nos ha destrozado el entendimiento","title":"Possessive dative","body":"Spanish marks the 'whose' of a body part or faculty with an indirect-object pronoun, not a possessive: «nos ha destrozado el entendimiento» = 'has wrecked our understanding' (literally 'has wrecked the understanding to us'). The «nos» tells you whose understanding it is."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mal","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"mal","lemma":"mal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of destrozado","gloss":"sickness"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siglo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"siglo","lemma":"siglo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mal","gloss":"age"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of irreligión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"irreligión","lemma":"irreligión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to mal","gloss":"irreligion"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of destrozado","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of destrozado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"destrozado","lemma":"destrozar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wrecked"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of entendimiento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"entendimiento","lemma":"entendimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of destrozado","gloss":"understanding"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies buscamos","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"buscamos","lemma":"buscar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with destrozado","gloss":"we look"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"fuera","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies buscamos","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nosotros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of fuera","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms 'lo que' with que; direct object of buscamos","gloss":"what","note":"'Lo que' together form a relative pronoun meaning 'what/that which'; 'lo' isn't a separate determiner here."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of está","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause modifying lo","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking misterio","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of misterio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"misterio","lemma":"misterio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of está","gloss":"mystery"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking subconciencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of subconciencia","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"subconciencia","lemma":"subconciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies misterio","gloss":"subconscious","note":"Archaic/nonstandard spelling of 'subconsciencia' (subconscious)."}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p39-s5","source":"Necesitamos de una religión para salvarnos de esa catástrofe que ha caído sobre nuestras cabezas.","translation":"We need a religion to save ourselves from this catastrophe that has fallen on our heads.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p39-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Necesitamos","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"We need"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking religión","gloss":"of","note":"'Necesitar de' takes 'de' before its object here; the preposition isn't rendered separately in English."},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of religión","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"religión","lemma":"religión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of Necesitamos (governed by de)","gloss":"religion"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of salvarnos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"salvarnos","lemma":"salvarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Necesitamos","gloss":"save ourselves"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking catástrofe","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of catástrofe","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"catástrofe","lemma":"catástrofe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of salvarnos","gloss":"catastrophe"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of caído","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of caído","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"caído","lemma":"caer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying catástrofe","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabezas","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"nuestras","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cabezas","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"cabezas","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of caído","gloss":"heads"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p39-s6","source":"Me dirá usted que yo no le digo nada nuevo.","translation":"You'll tell me that I'm telling you nothing new.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p39-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dirá","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"dirá","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of dirá","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of digo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of digo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies digo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of digo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"digo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of dirá","gloss":"am telling"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of digo","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"nuevo","lemma":"nuevo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"new"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p39-s7","source":"De acuerdo; pero acuérdese que en la tierra lo único que puede cambiar es el estilo, la costumbre, la substancia es la misma.","translation":"Agreed; but remember that on this earth the only thing that can change is the style, the custom — the substance is the same.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p39-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"acuérdese","title":"Command of «acordarse»","body":"«acuérdese» is the «usted» imperative of the pronominal «acordarse (de)» ('to remember'), with «se» attached and an accent preserving the stress. Note the stem change o→ue: «acordar» → «acuérde-»."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Agreed","note":"'De acuerdo' is a fixed idiom meaning 'agreed/all right,' not literally 'of agreement.'"},{"surface":"acuerdo","lemma":"acuerdo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase De","gloss":"agreement"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"acuérdese","lemma":"acordarse","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular, reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember","note":"Formal (usted) imperative of reflexive 'acordarse' (to remember), with 'se' fused onto the verb."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of es","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms 'lo único' (the only thing) with único; subject of es","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"único","lemma":"único","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"forms 'lo único' with lo; subject of es","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of cambiar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of cambiar","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"cambiar","lemma":"cambiar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying lo único (with puede)","gloss":"change"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to estilo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of estilo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estilo","lemma":"estilo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"style"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of costumbre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"costumbre","lemma":"costumbre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with estilo (asyndetic list)","gloss":"custom"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of substancia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"substancia","lemma":"substancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"substance"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to misma","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of misma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"misma","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"same"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p39-s8","source":"Si usted creyera en Dios no habría pasado esa vida endemoniada, si yo creyera en Dios no estaría escuchando su propuesta de asesinar a un prójimo.","translation":"If you believed in God you wouldn't have lived that hellish life; if I believed in God I wouldn't be sitting here listening to your proposal to murder a fellow man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p39-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Si... creyera... no habría pasado","title":"Mixed conditional","body":"Here a present-unreal 'if' clause («si creyera», 'if you believed') pairs with a past-unreal result («no habría pasado», 'you would not have lived'). Spanish allows such mixes: a standing condition explaining a completed past outcome."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of creyera","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of creyera","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"creyera","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on pasado","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dios","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of creyera","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pasado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"habría","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pasado","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"pasado","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of pasado","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"endemoniada","lemma":"endemoniado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"hellish"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of creyera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of creyera","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"creyera","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on escuchando","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dios","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of creyera","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies escuchando","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"estaría","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of escuchando","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"escuchando","lemma":"escuchar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"listening"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of propuesta","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"propuesta","lemma":"propuesta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of escuchando","gloss":"proposal"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of asesinar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"asesinar","lemma":"asesinar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying propuesta","gloss":"murder"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prójimo","gloss":"(object marker)","note":"This is the 'personal a,' required before a human direct object in Spanish and not translated in English."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of prójimo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"prójimo","lemma":"prójimo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of asesinar","gloss":"fellow man"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p39-s9","source":"Y lo más terrible es que para nosotros ha pasado ya el tiempo de adquirir una creencia, una fe.","translation":"And the most terrible thing is that for us the time to acquire a belief, a faith, has already passed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p39-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo más terrible","title":"Neuter «lo» + adjective","body":"«lo» before an adjective makes an abstract noun out of it: «lo más terrible» = 'the most terrible thing / what is most terrible'. There is no actual noun — «lo» turns the quality itself into the subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies es","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms 'lo más terrible' (the most terrible thing) with terrible; subject of es","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies terrible","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"terrible","lemma":"terrible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"forms 'lo más terrible' with lo; subject of es","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pasado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nosotros","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pasado","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pasado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"pasado","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pasado","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pasado","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of adquirir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"adquirir","lemma":"adquirir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying tiempo","gloss":"acquire"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of creencia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"creencia","lemma":"creencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of adquirir","gloss":"belief"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fe","lemma":"fe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to creencia","gloss":"faith"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p39-s10","source":"Si fuéramos a verlo a un sacerdote, éste no entendería nuestros problemas y sólo acertaría a recomendarnos que recitáramos un Padre Nuestro y que nos confesáramos todas las semanas.","translation":"If we were to go and see a priest, he wouldn't understand our problems and would only manage to advise us to recite an Our Father and to confess every week.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p39-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"recomendarnos que recitáramos","title":"Subjunctive after a verb of advising","body":"Verbs of asking, advising, or wishing put their dependent clause in the subjunctive: «recomendarnos que recitáramos… y que nos confesáramos» = 'advise us to recite… and to confess'. The past subjunctives follow from the conditional «acertaría» in the main clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fuéramos","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"fuéramos","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the si-clause, forms 'ir a' periphrasis with verlo","gloss":"were to go"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of verlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"verlo","lemma":"ver él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the si-clause","gloss":"see","note":"Clitic-doubling: the pronoun 'lo' anticipates 'a un sacerdote,' a hallmark of Argentine/Rioplatense Spanish ('verlo a un sacerdote' = 'to see a priest')."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sacerdote","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sacerdote","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sacerdote","lemma":"sacerdote","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of verlo","gloss":"priest"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of entendería","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies entendería","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"entendería","lemma":"entender","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would understand"},{"surface":"nuestros","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of problemas","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"problemas","lemma":"problema","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of entendería","gloss":"problems"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies acertaría","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"acertaría","lemma":"acertar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with entendería","gloss":"would manage"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of recomendarnos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"recomendarnos","lemma":"recomendar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of acertaría","gloss":"advise us"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of recitáramos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"recitáramos","lemma":"recitar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of recomendarnos","gloss":"recite"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Padre","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Padre","lemma":"Padre","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of recitáramos","gloss":"Father"},{"surface":"Nuestro","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"part of the name Padre","gloss":"Our"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of confesáramos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, plural","role":"reflexive particle of confesáramos","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"confesáramos","lemma":"confesarse","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with recitáramos","gloss":"confess"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of semanas","gloss":"every","note":"'Todas las semanas' (literally 'all the weeks') is the idiomatic way to say 'every week.'"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of semanas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"semanas","lemma":"semana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of confesáramos","gloss":"week"}]},{"number":104,"label":"40","id":"la-propuesta-p40-s1","source":"–Y uno se pregunta qué es lo que debe hacerse...","translation":"\"And one asks oneself what ought to be done...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p40-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"debe hacerse","title":"Passive / impersonal «se»","body":"«qué es lo que debe hacerse» = 'what must be done'. The «se» on «hacerse» forms an impersonal/passive: the action's doer is left unnamed. The question is about what is to be done, not who does it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"Y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies pregunta","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pregunta","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of pregunta","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"pregunta","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asks"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate nominative of es, fronted interrogative (identifies lo que debe hacerse)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of pregunta","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms 'lo que' with que; subject of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hacerse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hacerse","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"hacerse","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying lo (subject of es)","gloss":"be done"}]},{"number":105,"label":"41","id":"la-propuesta-p41-s1","source":"–Ahí está.","translation":"\"That's just it.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p41-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ahí está","title":"Idiom «Ahí está»","body":"Literally 'there it is', «Ahí está» is used to mean 'that's the point, that's exactly it, there's the rub'. The Astrologer seizes Erdosain's question as the very heart of the matter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahí","lemma":"ahí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies está","gloss":"There"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is","note":"'Ahí está' is a fixed idiom meaning 'that's it / that's exactly right,' not literally 'it is there.'"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p41-s2","source":"Lo que debe hacerse.","translation":"What ought to be done.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p41-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms 'lo que' with que; subject of the sentence","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hacerse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hacerse","gloss":"ought"},{"surface":"hacerse","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be done"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p41-s3","source":"En otras épocas para nosotros hubiera quedado el refugio de un convento o de un viaje a tierras desconocidas y maravillosas.","translation":"In other ages there would have remained for us the refuge of a monastery, or of a voyage to unknown and marvelous lands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p41-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hubiera quedado","title":"Past subjunctive for the conditional perfect","body":"«hubiera quedado» ('would have remained') here does the work of «habría quedado». Spanish freely uses the «-ra» pluperfect subjunctive in place of the conditional perfect, especially in literary prose. The sense is the same: a thing that could have been, in another age."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking épocas","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"otras","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of épocas","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"épocas","lemma":"época","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of quedado","gloss":"ages"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nosotros","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of quedado","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of quedado","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"quedado","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of refugio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"refugio","lemma":"refugio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of quedado","gloss":"refuge"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking convento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of convento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"convento","lemma":"convento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies refugio","gloss":"monastery"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viaje","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viaje","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"viaje","lemma":"viaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with convento","gloss":"voyage"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierras","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tierras","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies viaje","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"desconocidas","lemma":"desconocido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies tierras","gloss":"unknown"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"maravillosas","lemma":"maravilloso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with desconocidas","gloss":"marvelous"}]},{"number":108,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p41-s4","source":"Hoy usted puede tomar un sorbete a la mañana en la Patagonia y comer bananas a la tarde en el Brasil.","translation":"Today you can have a sorbet in the morning in Patagonia and eat bananas in the afternoon in Brazil.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p41-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hoy","lemma":"hoy","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tomar","gloss":"Today"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of tomar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tomar","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"tomar","lemma":"tomar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sorbete","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sorbete","lemma":"sorbete","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tomar","gloss":"sorbet"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mañana","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mañana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tomar","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Patagonia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Patagonia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Patagonia","lemma":"Patagonia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of tomar","gloss":"Patagonia"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"comer","lemma":"comer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with tomar","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"bananas","lemma":"banana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of comer","gloss":"bananas"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tarde","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tarde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of comer","gloss":"afternoon"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Brasil","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Brasil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Brasil","lemma":"Brasil","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of comer","gloss":"Brazil"}]},{"number":109,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p41-s5","source":"¿Qué es lo que debe hacerse?","translation":"What is it that ought to be done?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p41-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate nominative of es, fronted interrogative (identifies lo que debe hacerse)","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms 'lo que' with que; subject of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hacerse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hacerse","gloss":"ought"},{"surface":"hacerse","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying lo (subject of es)","gloss":"be done"}]},{"number":110,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p41-s6","source":"Yo leo mucho, y créame, en todos los libros europeos encuentro este fondo de amargura y de angustia que me cuenta de su vida usted.","translation":"I read a great deal, and believe me, in all the European books I find this same bottom of bitterness and anguish that you tell me about from your own life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p41-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"créame","title":"Command of «creer» + «me»","body":"«créame» is the «usted» imperative of «creer» ('believe') with «me» attached: 'believe me'. As a set phrase it works just like English 'believe me', vouching for what follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of leo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"leo","lemma":"leer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"read"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leo","gloss":"a great deal"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"créame","lemma":"crea yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with leo","gloss":"believe me"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking libros","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of libros","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of libros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"libros","lemma":"libro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of encuentro","gloss":"books"},{"surface":"europeos","lemma":"europeo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies libros","gloss":"European"},{"surface":"encuentro","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with leo","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fondo","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"fondo","lemma":"fondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of encuentro","gloss":"bottom"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amargura","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"amargura","lemma":"amargura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fondo","gloss":"bitterness"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking angustia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with amargura","gloss":"anguish"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of cuenta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of cuenta","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"contar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying fondo","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cuenta","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of cuenta","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":111,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p41-s7","source":"Vea Estados Unidos.","translation":"Look at the United States.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p41-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Look"},{"surface":"Estados","lemma":"Estados","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of Vea","gloss":"States"},{"surface":"Unidos","lemma":"Unidos","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Estados","gloss":"United"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p41-s8","source":"Las artistas se hacen colocar ovarios de platino y hay asesinos que tratan de batir el récord en crímenes horrorosos.","translation":"The actresses have platinum ovaries put into them, and there are murderers who try to break the record for the most horrifying crimes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p41-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se hacen colocar","title":"Causative «hacerse + infinitive»","body":"«hacerse + infinitive» means 'to have something done (to oneself)': «se hacen colocar ovarios» = 'they have ovaries put in'. The reflexive «se» shows the subject is the one undergoing the procedure, while someone else performs it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of artistas","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"artistas","lemma":"artista","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of hacen","gloss":"actresses"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of hacen","gloss":"themselves","note":"'Se hacen colocar' is a causative reflexive construction: 'have [something] done to themselves,' like English 'have X done.'"},{"surface":"hacen","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"colocar","lemma":"colocar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacen","gloss":"put in"},{"surface":"ovarios","lemma":"ovario","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of colocar","gloss":"ovaries"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking platino","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"platino","lemma":"platino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ovarios","gloss":"platinum"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"asesinos","lemma":"asesino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"murderers"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tratan","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tratan","lemma":"tratar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying asesinos","gloss":"try"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of batir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"batir","lemma":"batir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tratan","gloss":"break"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of récord","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"récord","lemma":"récord","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of batir","gloss":"record"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crímenes","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"crímenes","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of batir","gloss":"crimes"},{"surface":"horrorosos","lemma":"horroroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies crímenes","gloss":"horrifying"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p41-s9","source":"Usted que ha caminado lo sabe.","translation":"You, who have walked the world, know it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p41-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of caminado","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of caminado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"caminado","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause modifying Usted","gloss":"walked","note":"'Caminado' (walked) here implies wide life experience/travel; the English adds 'the world' for clarity, though it isn't literally in the Spanish."},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sabe","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":114,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p41-s10","source":"Casas, más casas, rostros distintos y corazones iguales.","translation":"Houses, more houses, different faces and identical hearts.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p41-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Casas","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the sentence","gloss":"Houses"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies casas","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"casas","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"repeats Casas (emphatic)","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"rostros","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with Casas","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"distintos","lemma":"distinto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies rostros","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"corazones","lemma":"corazón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with rostros","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"iguales","lemma":"igual","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies corazones","gloss":"identical"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p41-s11","source":"La humanidad ha perdido sus fiestas y sus alegrías.","translation":"Humanity has lost its festivals and its joys.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p41-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of humanidad","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"humanidad","lemma":"humanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of perdido","gloss":"Humanity"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of perdido","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"perdido","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fiestas","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"fiestas","lemma":"fiesta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of perdido","gloss":"festivals"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of alegrías","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"alegrías","lemma":"alegría","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with fiestas","gloss":"joys"}]},{"number":116,"label":"42","id":"la-propuesta-p42-s1","source":"¡Tan infelices son los hombres que hasta a Dios lo han perdido!","translation":"Men are so unhappy that they have even lost God!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p42-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hasta a Dios","title":"«hasta» = 'even'","body":"«hasta» can mean 'even' as well as 'until': «hasta a Dios lo han perdido» = 'they have even lost God'. The personal «a» before «Dios» marks him as object, and the redundant «lo» doubles it for emphasis."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies infelices","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"infelices","lemma":"infeliz","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"predicate adjective, complement of son (with hombres)","gloss":"unhappy"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking hombres to infelices","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of son","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause of perdido (correlates with Tan)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies perdido, emphasizes Dios","gloss":"even","note":"hasta here means 'even', not 'until'."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dios","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of perdido (dislocated, resumed by lo)","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of perdido","gloss":"him","note":"lo resumes the fronted object 'a Dios' — clitic doubling."},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of perdido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"perdido","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the que-clause (with han), takes Dios/lo as object","gloss":"lost"}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p42-s2","source":"Y un motor de 300 caballos sólo consigue distraerlos cuando lo pilotea un loco que se puede hacer pedazos en una cuneta.","translation":"And a 300-horsepower engine only manages to distract them when it's driven by a madman who might smash himself to pieces in a ditch.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p42-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"consigue distraerlos","title":"«conseguir» + infinitive = 'manage to'","body":"«conseguir» plus an infinitive means 'to manage / succeed in (doing)': «sólo consigue distraerlos» = 'only manages to distract them'. It stresses the effort or difficulty of achieving the result."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies consigue","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of motor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"motor","lemma":"motor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of consigue","gloss":"engine"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caballos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"caballos","lemma":"caballo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies motor","gloss":"horsepower"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies consigue","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"consigue","lemma":"conseguir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"manages"},{"surface":"distraerlos","lemma":"distraer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of consigue","gloss":"distract them"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pilotea","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pilotea","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"pilotea","lemma":"pilotear","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the cuando-clause, modifies distraerlos","gloss":"drives"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of loco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pilotea","gloss":"madman"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of puede","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of hacer","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hacer","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of puede, main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"smash"},{"surface":"pedazos","lemma":"pedazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of hacer","gloss":"pieces","note":"hacerse pedazos is an idiom: 'to smash to pieces'."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuneta","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cuneta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cuneta","lemma":"cuneta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hacer","gloss":"ditch"}]},{"number":118,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p42-s3","source":"El hombre es una bestia triste a quien sólo los prodigios conseguirán emocionar.","translation":"Man is a sad beast whom only marvels will succeed in moving.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p42-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bestia","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bestia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bestia","lemma":"bestia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun, complement of es","gloss":"beast"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies bestia","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quien","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"quien","lemma":"quien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of emocionar","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies prodigios","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of prodigios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"prodigios","lemma":"prodigio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of conseguirán","gloss":"marvels"},{"surface":"conseguirán","lemma":"conseguir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause, modifies bestia","gloss":"will manage"},{"surface":"emocionar","lemma":"emocionar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of conseguirán","gloss":"move"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p42-s4","source":"O las carnicerías.","translation":"Or butcheries.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p42-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of carnicerías","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"carnicerías","lemma":"carnicería","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"butcheries"}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p42-s5","source":"Pues bien, nosotros con nuestra sociedad le daremos prodigios, pestes de cólera asiático, mitos, descubrimientos de yacimientos de oro o minas de diamantes.","translation":"Well then, we, with our society, will give them marvels — plagues of Asiatic cholera, myths, discoveries of gold deposits or diamond mines.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p42-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Pues bien","title":"Discourse marker «Pues bien»","body":"«Pues bien» means 'well then, all right then, so' — it gathers up what came before and moves the argument forward to its point. It signals the Astrologer is about to deliver his conclusion."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pues","lemma":"pues","morphology":"adverb","role":"discourse marker, modifies daremos","gloss":"well","note":"'pues bien' is a fixed phrase meaning 'well then'."},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase 'pues bien'","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of daremos","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of daremos (accompaniment)","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of daremos","gloss":"them","note":"le stands for 'them' (los hombres), referring back to the previous sentence."},{"surface":"daremos","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"prodigios","lemma":"prodigio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of daremos","gloss":"marvels"},{"surface":"pestes","lemma":"peste","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with prodigios","gloss":"plagues"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cólera","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cólera","lemma":"cólera","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pestes","gloss":"cholera"},{"surface":"asiático","lemma":"asiático","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cólera","gloss":"Asiatic"},{"surface":"mitos","lemma":"mito","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with prodigios","gloss":"myths"},{"surface":"descubrimientos","lemma":"descubrimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with prodigios","gloss":"discoveries"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yacimientos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"yacimientos","lemma":"yacimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies descubrimientos","gloss":"deposits"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies yacimientos","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"minas","lemma":"mina","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with yacimientos","gloss":"mines"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diamantes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"diamantes","lemma":"diamante","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies minas","gloss":"diamonds"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p42-s6","source":"Yo lo he observado conversando con usted.","translation":"I've observed it in talking with you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p42-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of observado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of observado","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of observado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"observado","lemma":"observar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"observed"},{"surface":"conversando","lemma":"conversar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on observado","gloss":"talking"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"object of the preposition con","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":122,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p42-s7","source":"Sólo se anima cuando lo prodigioso interviene en nuestra conversación.","translation":"You only come alive when the marvelous enters our conversation.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p42-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo prodigioso","title":"Neuter «lo» + adjective","body":"«lo prodigioso» = 'the marvelous, that which is marvelous'. As with «lo más terrible» earlier, «lo» plus an adjective names the abstract quality itself, with no noun behind it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies anima","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of anima","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"anima","lemma":"animar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes alive"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of interviene","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"determiner, neuter","role":"determiner of prodigioso","gloss":"the","note":"'lo' + adjective forms an abstract noun: 'lo prodigioso' = 'the marvelous'."},{"surface":"prodigioso","lemma":"prodigioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"subject of interviene","gloss":"marvelous"},{"surface":"interviene","lemma":"intervenir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the cuando-clause, modifies anima","gloss":"enters"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conversación","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of conversación","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"conversación","lemma":"conversación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of interviene","gloss":"conversation"}]},{"number":123,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p42-s8","source":"Y así le pasa a todos los hombres, canallas o santos.","translation":"And so it is with all men, scoundrels or saints.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p42-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies pasa","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pasa","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pasa (resumed by 'a todos los hombres')","gloss":"to him","note":"le doubles the following dative phrase 'a todos los hombres', even though 'le' is singular — common colloquial usage."},{"surface":"pasa","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happens"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombres","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"modifies hombres","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of the preposition a (dative, doubled by le)","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"canallas","lemma":"canalla","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"in apposition to hombres","gloss":"scoundrels"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"santos","lemma":"santo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with canallas","gloss":"saints"}]},{"number":124,"label":"43","id":"la-propuesta-p43-s1","source":"–Entonces, ¿lo secuestramos a Barsut?","translation":"\"So then, do we kidnap Barsut?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p43-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo secuestramos a Barsut","title":"Doubled direct object","body":"«lo secuestramos a Barsut» repeats the object: the pronoun «lo» and the full noun «a Barsut» ('him… Barsut'). This doubling, very common in River Plate speech, foregrounds the named object. The personal «a» marks Barsut as the human object."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies secuestramos","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of secuestramos","gloss":"him","note":"lo anticipates the following direct object 'a Barsut' — clitic doubling typical of Rioplatense Spanish."},{"surface":"secuestramos","lemma":"secuestrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kidnap"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of secuestramos","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":125,"label":"44","id":"la-propuesta-p44-s1","source":"–Sí.","translation":"\"Yes.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p44-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"yes"}]},{"number":126,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p44-s2","source":"Ahora hay que ver de qué modo podemos apoderarnos de él y del dinero.","translation":"Now we have to see how we can get hold of him and of the money.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p44-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hay que ver","title":"Impersonal «hay que» + infinitive","body":"«hay que» plus an infinitive states a general necessity with no specified subject: «hay que ver» = 'one must see / it remains to be seen'. Contrast «tener que», which pins the obligation on a particular person."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must","note":"'hay que' + infinitive is an impersonal construction meaning 'one must/have to'."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the idiom hay que, introduces ver","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hay que","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking modo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of modo","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of the preposition de (manner adverbial on ver)","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"podemos","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of apoderarnos","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"apoderarnos","lemma":"apoderar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of ver","gloss":"get hold","note":"apoderarse de = 'to get hold of/take possession of', an inherently reflexive verb — not a literal self-action."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"object of the preposition de","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dinero","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with él","gloss":"money"}]},{"number":127,"label":"45","id":"la-propuesta-p45-s1","source":"El viento removió el follaje.","translation":"The wind stirred the foliage.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p45-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"viento","lemma":"viento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of removió","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"removió","lemma":"remover","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of follaje","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"follaje","lemma":"follaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of removió","gloss":"foliage"}]},{"number":128,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p45-s2","source":"Erdosain quedó unos segundos mirando la franja de luz que por la ventana entreabierta caía sobre los granados.","translation":"Erdosain spent a few seconds watching the band of light that fell through the half-open window onto the pomegranate trees.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p45-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of quedó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"quedó","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spent"},{"surface":"unos","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of segundos","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"segundos","lemma":"segundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"adverbial of duration modifying quedó","gloss":"seconds"},{"surface":"mirando","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on quedó","gloss":"watching"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of franja","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"franja","lemma":"franja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of mirando","gloss":"band"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luz","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"luz","lemma":"luz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies franja","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of caía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ventana","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ventana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ventana","lemma":"ventana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of caía","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"entreabierta","lemma":"entreabierto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ventana","gloss":"half-open"},{"surface":"caía","lemma":"caer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause modifying franja","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking granados","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of granados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"granados","lemma":"granado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of caía","gloss":"pomegranate trees"}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p45-s3","source":"El Astrólogo había corrido su silla hasta el armario de modo que apoyaba la cabeza en el tablero ocre, y sus dedos jugaron nuevamente con el anillo de acero haciéndolo girar ante sus ojos.","translation":"The Astrologer had moved his chair over to the cabinet so that he was resting his head against the ochre panel, and his fingers played once more with the steel ring, turning it before his eyes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p45-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"de modo que apoyaba","title":"«de modo que» + indicative","body":"«de modo que» means 'so that / in such a way that'. With the indicative («apoyaba», 'he was resting') it reports an actual result. (With the subjunctive it would express purpose — 'so that he might rest'.)"}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of corrido","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of corrido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"corrido","lemma":"correr","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of silla","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"silla","lemma":"silla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of corrido","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking armario","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of armario","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"armario","lemma":"armario","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of corrido","gloss":"cabinet"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking modo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom 'de modo que', introduces apoyaba","gloss":"a way","note":"'de modo que' is a fixed phrase meaning 'so that/in such a way that'."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of apoyaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"apoyaba","lemma":"apoyar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the result clause introduced by de modo que","gloss":"was resting"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of apoyaba","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tablero","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tablero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tablero","lemma":"tablero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyaba","gloss":"panel"},{"surface":"ocre","lemma":"ocre","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tablero","gloss":"ochre"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of jugaron","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"jugaron","lemma":"jugar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with corrido","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"nuevamente","lemma":"nuevamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jugaron","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anillo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of anillo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"anillo","lemma":"anillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of jugaron","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"acero","lemma":"acero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies anillo","gloss":"steel"},{"surface":"haciéndolo","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on jugaron","gloss":"making it"},{"surface":"girar","lemma":"girar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of haciéndolo","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of girar","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":130,"label":"46","id":"la-propuesta-p46-s1","source":"–¿Cómo nos apoderaremos?","translation":"\"How will we get hold of him?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p46-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies apoderaremos","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of apoderaremos","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"apoderaremos","lemma":"apoderar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will get hold"}]},{"number":131,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p46-s2","source":"Es muy fácil.","translation":"It's very easy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p46-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to fácil","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fácil","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"fácil","lemma":"fácil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"easy"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p46-s3","source":"Yo le diré a Barsut que he averiguado dónde se encuentra el capitán con Elsa...","translation":"I'll tell Barsut that I've found out where the captain is with Elsa...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p46-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le diré a Barsut","title":"Indirect object doubling","body":"«le diré a Barsut» pairs the indirect-object pronoun «le» with the full phrase «a Barsut» ('I'll tell him… Barsut'). With indirect objects this doubling is the norm, not the exception, in Spanish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of diré","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of diré","gloss":"him","note":"le doubles the following indirect object 'a Barsut'."},{"surface":"diré","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of diré","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clausal complement of diré","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of averiguado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"averiguado","lemma":"averiguar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the clausal complement of diré","gloss":"found out"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encuentra","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encuentra","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"encuentra","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of averiguado","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of capitán","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"capitán","lemma":"capitán","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of encuentra","gloss":"captain"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Elsa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Elsa","lemma":"Elsa","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of encuentra","gloss":"Elsa"}]},{"number":133,"label":"47","id":"la-propuesta-p47-s1","source":"–Sí, eso está bien.","translation":"\"Yes, that's fine.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p47-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"interjection","role":"stands alone (interjection)","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bien","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of está","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p47-s2","source":"Pero, ¿cómo lo ha averiguado usted?","translation":"But how did you find it out?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p47-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies averiguado","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies averiguado","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of averiguado","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of averiguado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"averiguado","lemma":"averiguar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found out"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of averiguado","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":135,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p47-s3","source":"Es lo que no va a dejar de preguntarle el otro...","translation":"That's what the other man is bound to ask you...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p47-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no va a dejar de preguntarle","title":"«dejar de» + infinitive","body":"«dejar de» plus an infinitive means 'to stop / cease doing something'. Negated, «no va a dejar de preguntarle» = 'he's not going to fail to ask you', i.e. 'he is bound to ask you'. The double negative yields a strong affirmation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula, links (that) to the following relative clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"determiner, neuter","role":"part of the fused relative pronoun 'lo que', predicate of Es","gloss":"what","note":"'lo que' is a fused relative pronoun meaning 'what/that which'."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of 'lo que'; direct object of preguntarle (fronted)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies va","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dejar","gloss":"is going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dejar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dejar","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of va","gloss":"fail","note":"'no...dejar de' + infinitive is an idiom meaning 'not fail to/be bound to'."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of preguntarle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"preguntarle","lemma":"preguntar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dejar","gloss":"ask you"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of va","gloss":"other man"}]},{"number":136,"label":"48","id":"la-propuesta-p48-s1","source":"–Diciéndole que me he dirigido a la Dirección del Personal del Ministerio de Guerra.","translation":"\"By telling him that I went to the Personnel Office of the War Ministry.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p48-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Diciéndole","title":"Gerund as the answer","body":"Erdosain answers 'how?' with a bare gerund: «Diciéndole que…» = 'by telling him that…'. The 'by + -ing' gerund states the means, here standing alone as a complete reply to the Astrologer's question."}],"words":[{"surface":"Diciéndole","lemma":"decir él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"by telling him"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dirigido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dirigido","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dirigido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"dirigido","lemma":"dirigir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Diciéndole","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dirección","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Dirección","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Dirección","lemma":"Dirección","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of the preposition a","gloss":"Office"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Personal","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Personal","lemma":"Personal","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of the preposition del, modifies Dirección","gloss":"Personnel"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ministerio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Ministerio","lemma":"Ministerio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of the preposition del, modifies Personal","gloss":"Ministry"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Guerra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Guerra","lemma":"Guerra","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of the preposition de, modifies Ministerio","gloss":"War"}]},{"number":137,"label":"49","id":"la-propuesta-p49-s1","source":"–Perfecto... muy bien... clarísimo...","translation":"\"Perfect... very good... crystal clear...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p49-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perfecto","lemma":"perfecto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"stands alone (exclamation)","gloss":"perfect"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bien","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"stands alone (exclamation), modified by muy","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"clarísimo","lemma":"clarísimo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"stands alone (exclamation)","gloss":"crystal clear","note":"clarísimo is the superlative of claro ('clear'), using the '-ísimo' intensifier."}]},{"number":138,"label":"50","id":"la-propuesta-p50-s1","source":"Ahora el Astrólogo se había incorporado vivamente y miraba interesado a Erdosain.","translation":"Now the Astrologer had sat up briskly and was looking at Erdosain with interest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p50-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies incorporado","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of incorporado","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of incorporado","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of incorporado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"incorporado","lemma":"incorporar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat up"},{"surface":"vivamente","lemma":"vivamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies incorporado","gloss":"briskly"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"miraba","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with incorporado","gloss":"was looking"},{"surface":"interesado","lemma":"interesado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective describing the subject, modifies miraba","gloss":"interested","note":"'miraba interesado' = 'was looking, interested' → 'looked with interest'."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of the preposition a, complement of miraba","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":139,"label":"51","id":"la-propuesta-p51-s1","source":"–Y con el pretexto de que convenza a Elsa para que vuelva otra vez a mi lado, lo traemos.","translation":"\"And on the pretext that he should persuade Elsa to come back to my side again, we bring him here.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p51-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"para que vuelva","title":"«para que» + subjunctive of purpose","body":"«para que» ('so that, in order that') always takes the subjunctive when the subjects differ: «para que vuelva» = 'so that she may come back'. Both «que convenza» and «para que vuelva» here are subjunctive, chained purposes inside the pretext."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies traemos","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pretexto","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pretexto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pretexto","lemma":"pretexto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of traemos","gloss":"pretext"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of convenza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of convenza","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"convenza","lemma":"convencer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying pretexto","gloss":"should persuade"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Elsa","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"Elsa","lemma":"Elsa","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of convenza","gloss":"Elsa"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vuelva","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vuelva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vuelva","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on convenza","gloss":"come back"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vuelva","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lado","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of lado","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"lado","lemma":"lado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vuelva","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of traemos","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"traemos","lemma":"traer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bring"}]},{"number":140,"label":"52","id":"la-propuesta-p52-s1","source":"–Admirable.","translation":"\"Admirable.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p52-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Admirable","lemma":"admirable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"admirable"}]},{"number":141,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p52-s2","source":"Deje que piense un poco.","translation":"Let me think a moment.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p52-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Deje que piense","title":"«dejar que» + subjunctive","body":"«dejar que» ('to let / allow') takes the subjunctive: «deje que piense» = 'let me think'. «Deje» is the «usted» command of «dejar», and «piense» the subjunctive of «pensar» (stem change e→ie)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Deje","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person formal (usted), singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of piense","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"piense","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Deje","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial modifier of piense (duration)","gloss":"moment"}]},{"number":142,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p52-s3","source":"Todo lo que plantea usted... claro... está muy bien.","translation":"Everything you're laying out... of course... is very good.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p52-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lo","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"determiner, neuter","role":"part of 'lo que', direct object of plantea","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun linking to plantea (part of 'lo que')","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"plantea","lemma":"plantear","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause, modifies Todo","gloss":"lay out"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of plantea","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adverb","role":"parenthetical (interjection), stands alone","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bien","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bien","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of está","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":143,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p52-s4","source":"Ah... dígame una cosa, ¿tiene parientes él?","translation":"Ah... tell me one thing — does he have relatives?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p52-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"stands alone (interjection)","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"dígame","lemma":"decir yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person formal (usted), singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell me","note":"dígame combines the formal (usted) imperative 'diga' with the clitic 'me' = 'tell me'."},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dígame","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the question ¿tiene parientes él?","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"parientes","lemma":"pariente","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"relatives"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":144,"label":"53","id":"la-propuesta-p53-s1","source":"–Salvo mi señora, no.","translation":"\"Apart from my wife, no.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p53-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Salvo","title":"«Salvo» = 'except / apart from'","body":"«salvo» is a preposition meaning 'except, save, apart from'. «Salvo mi señora» = 'apart from my wife'. It is interchangeable with «excepto» and «menos» in this sense."}],"words":[{"surface":"Salvo","lemma":"salvo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking señora","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of señora","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"señora","lemma":"señora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of the preposition salvo","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"stands alone, answers the implied question","gloss":"no"}]},{"number":145,"label":"54","id":"la-propuesta-p54-s1","source":"–¿Y dónde vive?","translation":"\"And where does he live?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p54-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies vive","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vive","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"vive","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lives"}]},{"number":146,"label":"55","id":"la-propuesta-p55-s1","source":"–En una pensión.","translation":"\"In a boarding house.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p55-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pensión","title":"«pensión» — a boarding house","body":"A «pensión» is a boarding or lodging house where one rents a room, often with meals — cheap, transient housing. That Barsut lives in one, with no family but Erdosain's wife, is what makes him easy to make disappear."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensión","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pensión","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pensión","lemma":"pensión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"boarding house"}]},{"number":147,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p55-s2","source":"La hija de la dueña es bizca.","translation":"The landlady's daughter is cross-eyed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p55-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of hija","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hija","lemma":"hija","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of bizca","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dueña","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of dueña","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dueña","lemma":"dueña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hija","gloss":"landlady"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bizca","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"bizca","lemma":"bizco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cross-eyed"}]},{"number":148,"label":"56","id":"la-propuesta-p56-s1","source":"–¿Qué dirán cuando desaparezca Barsut?","translation":"\"What will they say when Barsut disappears?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p56-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"cuando desaparezca","title":"«cuando» + subjunctive for the future","body":"When «cuando» points to an event still to come, its verb goes in the subjunctive: «cuando desaparezca» = 'when he disappears' (at some future point). The main clause keeps the future indicative, «¿qué dirán?» ('what will they say?')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative, singular","role":"direct object of dirán","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"dirán","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will they say"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desaparezca","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"desaparezca","lemma":"desaparecer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on dirán","gloss":"disappears"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of desaparezca","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":149,"label":"57","id":"la-propuesta-p57-s1","source":"–Podemos hacer esto, que es admirable.","translation":"\"We can do this, which is splendid.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p57-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Podemos","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of hacer","gloss":"we can"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to admirable","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"admirable","lemma":"admirable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"clause modifying esto","gloss":"splendid"}]},{"number":150,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p57-s2","source":"Le enviamos a la patrona un telegrama desde Rosario, firmado por él, diciendo que le envíe los baúles a un determinado hotel, donde usted estará viviendo bajo el nombre de Gregorio Barsut.","translation":"We send the landlady a telegram from Rosario, signed by him, telling her to send his trunks to a certain hotel, where you'll be living under the name of Gregorio Barsut.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p57-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"diciendo que le envíe","title":"Subjunctive for a reported command","body":"When «decir que» conveys an order rather than information, its clause is subjunctive: «diciendo que le envíe los baúles» = 'telling her to send the trunks'. Compare the indicative «diciendo que envía» ('saying that she is sending'), which would merely report a fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of enviamos","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"enviamos","lemma":"enviar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we send"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking patrona","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of patrona","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"patrona","lemma":"patrona","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of enviamos, doubling le","gloss":"landlady"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of telegrama","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"telegrama","lemma":"telegrama","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of enviamos","gloss":"telegram"},{"surface":"desde","lemma":"desde","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rosario","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Rosario","lemma":"Rosario","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies telegrama","gloss":"Rosario"},{"surface":"firmado","lemma":"firmar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"participial clause modifying telegrama","gloss":"signed"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"agent of firmado","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"diciendo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on enviamos","gloss":"saying"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of envíe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of envíe","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"envíe","lemma":"enviar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of diciendo","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of baúles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"baúles","lemma":"baúl","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of envíe","gloss":"trunks"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hotel","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hotel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"determinado","lemma":"determinado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hotel","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"hotel","lemma":"hotel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of envíe","gloss":"hotel"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"adverb, relative","role":"oblique complement of viviendo","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of viviendo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"estará","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of viviendo","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"viviendo","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clause modifying hotel","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nombre","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nombre","lemma":"nombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of viviendo","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gregorio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Gregorio","lemma":"Gregorio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies nombre","gloss":"Gregorio"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Gregorio","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":151,"label":"58","id":"la-propuesta-p58-s1","source":"–Esto mismo.","translation":"\"Exactly this.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p58-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Esto","gloss":"exactly"}]},{"number":152,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p58-s2","source":"¿Sabe que usted lo ha estudiado muy bien?","translation":"Do you know you've thought this out very well?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p58-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estudiado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of estudiado","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of estudiado","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of estudiado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"estudiado","lemma":"estudiar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Sabe","gloss":"thought out"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bien","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estudiado","gloss":"well"}]},{"number":153,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p58-s3","source":"Es perfecto el plan.","translation":"The plan is perfect.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p58-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to perfecto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"perfecto","lemma":"perfecto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"perfect"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of plan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plan","lemma":"plan","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of perfecto","gloss":"plan"}]},{"number":154,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p58-s4","source":"Cierto es que todo se presta, el capitán, las direcciones del Ministerio, no tener parientes, el vivir en una pensión.","translation":"True, everything lends itself to it — the captain, the Ministry offices, his having no relatives, his living in a boarding house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p58-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"todo se presta","title":"Pronominal «prestarse a»","body":"«prestarse a» means 'to lend itself to, to be suited to'. «Todo se presta» = 'everything lends itself (to the plan), it all fits'. The reflexive turns 'lend' into 'lend itself'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"el vivir","title":"Nominalized infinitive","body":"An article before an infinitive turns it into a noun: «el vivir en una pensión» = 'the (fact of) living in a boarding house', «no tener parientes» = 'having no relatives'. Spanish often uses the bare infinitive where English needs a gerund or an abstract noun."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es (que-clause is the logical subject)","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of presta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of presta","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of presta","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"presta","lemma":"prestar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"lends itself"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of capitán","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"capitán","lemma":"capitán","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"listed item restating todo","gloss":"captain"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of direcciones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"direcciones","lemma":"dirección","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"listed item restating todo, coordinated with capitán","gloss":"offices"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ministerio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Ministerio","lemma":"Ministerio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies direcciones","gloss":"Ministry"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tener","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"listed item restating todo, coordinated with capitán","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"parientes","lemma":"pariente","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"relatives"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vivir","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vivir","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"listed item restating todo, coordinated with capitán","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensión","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pensión","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pensión","lemma":"pensión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vivir","gloss":"boarding house"}]},{"number":155,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p58-s5","source":"Es más claro que una jugada de ajedrez.","translation":"It's clearer than a move in chess.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p58-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to claro","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies claro","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"introduces the comparison with jugada","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of jugada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"jugada","lemma":"jugada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of the comparison with claro","gloss":"move"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ajedrez","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ajedrez","lemma":"ajedrez","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies jugada","gloss":"chess"}]},{"number":156,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p58-s6","source":"Está bien.","translation":"All right.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p58-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bien","gloss":"it's","note":"«Está bien» is a fixed idiom for \"all right/OK,\" not a literal description of being well."},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"all right"}]},{"number":157,"label":"59","id":"la-propuesta-p59-s1","source":"Dicho esto comenzó a pasearse de un lado a otro de la habitación.","translation":"Having said this, he began to pace back and forth across the room.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p59-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dicho esto","title":"Absolute participle «Dicho esto»","body":"«Dicho esto» is a fixed participle phrase, 'this said / having said this'. The past participle «dicho» (from «decir») agrees with «esto» and packs a whole 'after he said this' clause into two words."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dicho","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"absolute participial clause on comenzó","gloss":"having said","note":"«Dicho esto» is a fixed absolute construction meaning \"this having been said\" / \"having said this.\""},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of Dicho","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"comenzó","lemma":"comenzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pasearse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pasearse","lemma":"pasearse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"complement of comenzó","gloss":"pace"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lado","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lado","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"lado","lemma":"lado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasearse","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition a","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking habitación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of habitación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"habitación","lemma":"habitación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies otro","gloss":"room"}]},{"number":158,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p59-s2","source":"Cada vez que cruzaba ante la reja de la ventana, el jardín oscurecía o en el armario se volcaba una sombra que llegaba hasta los tirantes del techo.","translation":"Each time he crossed in front of the window's grille, the garden would darken, or a shadow would spill across the cabinet, reaching all the way up to the roof beams.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p59-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Cada vez que cruzaba","title":"Imperfect for repeated action","body":"«cada vez que cruzaba… el jardín oscurecía» uses the imperfect for things that happened over and over: 'each time he crossed… the garden would darken'. The imperfect is Spanish's tense for habitual, repeated past action — English 'would' or 'used to'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of oscurecía","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cruzaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cruzaba","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying vez","gloss":"he crossed"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking reja","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of reja","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"reja","lemma":"reja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cruzaba","gloss":"grille"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ventana","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ventana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ventana","lemma":"ventana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies reja","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of jardín","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jardín","lemma":"jardín","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of oscurecía","gloss":"garden"},{"surface":"oscurecía","lemma":"oscurecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would darken"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking armario","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of armario","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"armario","lemma":"armario","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volcaba","gloss":"cabinet"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of volcaba","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"volcaba","lemma":"volcar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with oscurecía","gloss":"would spill"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sombra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sombra","lemma":"sombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of volcaba","gloss":"shadow"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of llegaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"llegaba","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying sombra","gloss":"would reach"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tirantes","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tirantes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tirantes","lemma":"tirante","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of llegaba","gloss":"beams"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking techo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"techo","lemma":"techo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tirantes","gloss":"roof"}]},{"number":159,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p59-s3","source":"No le faltó razón a Erdosain, cuando dijo que el plan era nítido «como si lo hubiera estampado en una plancha de hierro a miles de libras de presión».","translation":"Erdosain was not wrong when he said that the plan was as clean-cut \"as if it had been stamped onto an iron plate at thousands of pounds of pressure\".","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p59-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"No le faltó razón","title":"Litotes «no faltarle razón»","body":"«no faltarle razón a alguien» literally 'for reason not to be lacking to someone' means 'to be quite right'. «No le faltó razón a Erdosain» = 'Erdosain was not wrong, was perfectly right'. It is the negative mirror of «tener razón»."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies faltó","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of faltó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"faltó","lemma":"faltar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was lacking"},{"surface":"razón","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of faltó","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of faltó, doubling le","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dijo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on faltó","gloss":"he said"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nítido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of plan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plan","lemma":"plan","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of nítido","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to nítido","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nítido","lemma":"nítido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of dijo","gloss":"clean-cut"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estampado","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estampado","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of estampado","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of estampado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"estampado","lemma":"estampar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on nítido","gloss":"stamped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plancha","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of plancha","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"plancha","lemma":"plancha","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estampado","gloss":"plate"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hierro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hierro","lemma":"hierro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies plancha","gloss":"iron"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking miles","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"miles","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"oblique complement of estampado","gloss":"thousands"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking libras","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"libras","lemma":"libra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies miles","gloss":"pounds"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking presión","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"presión","lemma":"presión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies libras","gloss":"pressure"}]},{"number":160,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p59-s4","source":"Y mientras en la habitación las botas del Astrólogo resonaban sordamente en cada paso, Erdosain se lamentaba ya de que el «plan» fuera tan simple y poco novelesco.","translation":"And while in the room the Astrologer's boots resounded dully with each step, Erdosain was already lamenting that the \"plan\" was so simple and so unlike a novel.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p59-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se lamentaba de que... fuera","title":"Subjunctive after «lamentarse de que»","body":"Verbs of emotion like «lamentarse de que» ('to lament, regret that') govern the subjunctive: «se lamentaba de que el plan fuera tan simple» = 'he was lamenting that the plan was so simple'. The past subjunctive «fuera» follows from the past-tense main verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with the previous sentence","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of resonaban","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking habitación","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of habitación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"habitación","lemma":"habitación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of resonaban","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of botas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"botas","lemma":"bota","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of resonaban","gloss":"boots"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies botas","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"resonaban","lemma":"resonar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on lamentaba","gloss":"resounded"},{"surface":"sordamente","lemma":"sordamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies resonaban","gloss":"dully"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paso","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of paso","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"paso","lemma":"paso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of resonaban","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of lamentaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of lamentaba","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"lamentaba","lemma":"lamentar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was lamenting"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lamentaba","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fuera, with que","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fuera","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of plan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plan","lemma":"plan","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of simple","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to simple","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies simple","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"simple","lemma":"simple","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"clausal complement of lamentaba","gloss":"simple"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies novelesco","gloss":"not very"},{"surface":"novelesco","lemma":"novelesco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with simple","gloss":"novel-like"}]},{"number":161,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p59-s5","source":"Le hubiera agradado una aventura más peligrosa, menos geométrica.","translation":"A more dangerous, less geometrical adventure would have pleased him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p59-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Le hubiera agradado","title":"«agradar» like «gustar»","body":"«agradar» behaves like «gustar»: the thing that pleases is the subject, the person an indirect object. «Le hubiera agradado una aventura» = 'an adventure would have pleased him'. The «-ra» form here stands for the conditional perfect «habría agradado»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of agradado","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of agradado","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"agradado","lemma":"agradar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of aventura","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"aventura","lemma":"aventura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of agradado","gloss":"adventure"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies peligrosa","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"peligrosa","lemma":"peligroso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies aventura","gloss":"dangerous"},{"surface":"menos","lemma":"menos","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies geométrica","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"geométrica","lemma":"geométrico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies aventura","gloss":"geometrical"}]},{"number":162,"label":"60","id":"la-propuesta-p60-s1","source":"–¡Qué diablo!","translation":"\"What the devil!\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p60-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, exclamative, singular","role":"modifies diablo","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"diablo","lemma":"diablo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the devil"}]},{"number":163,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p60-s2","source":"¡Esto no tiene gracia!","translation":"There's no fun in this!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p60-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"no tiene gracia","title":"Idiom «tener gracia»","body":"«tener gracia» means 'to be funny, charming, or amusing'. Negated, «esto no tiene gracia» = 'there's no fun in this, this is no fun'. Erdosain complains the murder plot is too tidy to be exciting."}],"words":[{"surface":"Esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"gracia","lemma":"gracia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"fun"}]},{"number":164,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p60-s3","source":"¡Así cualquiera es asesino!","translation":"Anybody could be a murderer like this!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p60-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"cualquiera","title":"«cualquiera» = 'anybody'","body":"«cualquiera» means 'anyone, anybody'. «Así cualquiera es asesino» = 'this way, anybody is a murderer'. Before a noun it shortens to «cualquier» («cualquier hombre»), but standing alone as a pronoun it keeps the full «-a»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies asesino","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"cualquiera","lemma":"cualquiera","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of asesino","gloss":"anybody"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to asesino","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"asesino","lemma":"asesino","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"a murderer"}]},{"number":165,"label":"61","id":"la-propuesta-p61-s1","source":"–¿Y Gregorio no tiene relaciones con la bizca?","translation":"\"And Gregorio has nothing going with the cross-eyed girl?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p61-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with the previous line","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Gregorio","lemma":"Gregorio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"Gregorio"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"relaciones","lemma":"relación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"anything going","note":"«tener relaciones con alguien» implies romantic/sexual involvement here, not literal \"relations.\""},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bizca","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bizca","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bizca","lemma":"bizca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies relaciones","gloss":"cross-eyed girl"}]},{"number":166,"label":"62","id":"la-propuesta-p62-s1","source":"–No.","translation":"\"No.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p62-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"}]},{"number":167,"label":"63","id":"la-propuesta-p63-s1","source":"–¿Y por qué usted me habló de ella, entonces?","translation":"\"And why did you mention her to me, then?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p63-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with the previous line","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative, singular","role":"oblique complement of habló, with por","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of habló","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of habló","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"habló","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did you mention"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ella","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition de","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies habló","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":168,"label":"64","id":"la-propuesta-p64-s1","source":"–No sé.","translation":"\"I don't know.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p64-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":169,"label":"65","id":"la-propuesta-p65-s1","source":"–¿Y usted no tiene miedo de tener remordimientos después que «eso» suceda?","translation":"\"And aren't you afraid of having remorse after \"that\" happens?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p65-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"después que... suceda","title":"Subjunctive after «después que»","body":"When «después (de) que» points to a future event, the verb is subjunctive: «después que eso suceda» = 'after that happens'. The deed has not yet occurred, so «suceda» (subjunctive) is used rather than the indicative «sucede»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with the previous line","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"miedo","lemma":"miedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tener","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying miedo","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"remordimientos","lemma":"remordimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"remorse"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of suceda, with que","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of suceda","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of suceda","gloss":"that","note":"«eso» is a euphemistic stand-in for the planned murder, left unnamed."},{"surface":"suceda","lemma":"suceder","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on después","gloss":"happens"}]},{"number":170,"label":"66","id":"la-propuesta-p66-s1","source":"–Vea, yo creo que eso sólo ocurre en las novelas.","translation":"\"Look, I think that only happens in novels.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p66-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular","role":"discourse-marker imperative addressing the listener","gloss":"look","note":"«Vea» is the formal (usted) imperative of ver, used here as a discourse marker meaning \"look/listen,\" not a name."},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of creo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"creo","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ocurre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ocurre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ocurre","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ocurre","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of creo","gloss":"happens"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking novelas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of novelas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"novelas","lemma":"novela","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ocurre","gloss":"novels"}]},{"number":171,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p66-s2","source":"En la realidad yo he hecho acciones malas y buenas y ni en un caso ni en el otro he sentido ni la mayor alegría ni el menor remordimiento.","translation":"In real life I've done bad and good deeds, and in neither case have I felt either the greatest joy or the slightest remorse.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p66-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ni... ni...","title":"Correlative «ni... ni»","body":"«ni… ni…» means 'neither… nor…'. The sentence stacks it twice — «ni en un caso ni en el otro» ('in neither case') and «ni la mayor alegría ni el menor remordimiento» ('neither the greatest joy nor the slightest remorse') — for a flatly total denial of feeling."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking realidad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of realidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hecho","gloss":"real life"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of hecho","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hecho","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"acciones","lemma":"acción","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of hecho","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"malas","lemma":"malo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies acciones","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"buenas","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with malas","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caso","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caso","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"caso","lemma":"caso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentido","gloss":"case"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentido","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sentido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"sentido","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause, coordinated with hecho","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of alegría","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mayor","lemma":"mayor","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"modifies alegría","gloss":"greatest"},{"surface":"alegría","lemma":"alegría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sentido","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of remordimiento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"menor","lemma":"menor","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"modifies remordimiento","gloss":"slightest"},{"surface":"remordimiento","lemma":"remordimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with alegría","gloss":"remorse"}]},{"number":172,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p66-s3","source":"Yo creo que se ha dado en llamar remordimiento el temor al castigo.","translation":"I think that what people have taken to calling remorse is the fear of punishment.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p66-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se ha dado en llamar","title":"Idiom «dar en + infinitive», with impersonal «se»","body":"«dar en (hacer algo)» means 'to take to / fall into (doing something)', often of a habit or a convention. Here it carries the impersonal «se», which leaves the doers unnamed: «se ha dado en llamar remordimiento…» = 'what people have come to call remorse…'. The «se» belongs to the impersonal construction, not to the idiom — there is no pronominal verb «darse en»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of creo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"creo","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, impersonal","role":"impersonal se particle of dado","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"dado","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of creo","gloss":"taken","note":"«dar en + infinitive» is an idiom meaning \"to take to (doing something)/to come to.\""},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of llamar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"llamar","lemma":"llamar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dado","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"remordimiento","lemma":"remordimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of llamar (the name given)","gloss":"remorse"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of temor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"temor","lemma":"temor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of llamar","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking castigo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"castigo","lemma":"castigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies temor","gloss":"punishment"}]},{"number":173,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p66-s4","source":"Aquí a uno no lo ahorcan, y sólo los cobardes...","translation":"Here they don't hang you, and only cowards...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p66-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"a uno no lo ahorcan","title":"Impersonal third-person plural","body":"An unspecified 'they' is rendered by a bare third-person plural: «no lo ahorcan» = 'they don't hang you / one isn't hanged'. With impersonal «uno» as object («a uno… lo»), it states a general truth about anyone, no particular hangmen in view."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ahorcan","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uno","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ahorcan","gloss":"one","note":"'a uno...lo' is a clitic-doubled impersonal construction meaning 'they don't hang you/one.'"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ahorcan","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ahorcan","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ahorcan","lemma":"ahorcar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hang"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cobardes","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cobardes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cobardes","lemma":"cobarde","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cowards"}]},{"number":174,"label":"67","id":"la-propuesta-p67-s1","source":"–¿Y usted?...","translation":"\"And you?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p67-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous line","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":175,"label":"68","id":"la-propuesta-p68-s1","source":"–Permítame.","translation":"\"Allow me.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p68-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Permítame","lemma":"permitir yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal ('usted'), singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"allow me"}]},{"number":176,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p68-s2","source":"Yo no soy un hombre cobarde.","translation":"I am not a cowardly man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p68-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of soy","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies soy","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to hombre","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"cobarde","lemma":"cobarde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"cowardly"}]},{"number":177,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p68-s3","source":"Soy un frío que es distinto.","translation":"I'm a cold man, which is different.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p68-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to frío","gloss":"I'm"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of frío","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"frío","lemma":"frío","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cold man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of es","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to distinto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"distinto","lemma":"distinto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"different"}]},{"number":178,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p68-s4","source":"Razone usted.","translation":"Reason it out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p68-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Razone usted","title":"Command + explicit «usted»","body":"«Razone» is the «usted» imperative of «razonar» ('to reason'). Adding the pronoun «usted» after the command — «Razone usted» — is optional and lends a courteous or insistent emphasis, common in this formal register."}],"words":[{"surface":"Razone","lemma":"razonar","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal ('usted'), singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of Razone","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":179,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p68-s5","source":"Si impasiblemente me he dejado llevar la mujer, y abofetear por un individuo que me traicionó, ¿con cuánta más razón asistiré impasiblemente a la escena de su muerte, siempre que ésta no sea una carnicería?","translation":"If I have impassively let my wife be taken from me, and let myself be slapped by a man who betrayed me, with how much more reason will I look on impassively at the scene of his death, provided it is not a butchery?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p68-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me he dejado llevar","title":"«dejarse» + infinitive (passive permission)","body":"«dejarse + infinitive» means 'to let oneself be (done to)': «me he dejado llevar la mujer» = 'I have let my wife be taken from me', «(dejarse) abofetear» = 'let oneself be slapped'. The reflexive turns the subject into the one who permits the action upon himself."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"siempre que... no sea","title":"«siempre que» + subjunctive = 'provided that'","body":"«siempre que» with the subjunctive means 'provided that, as long as': «siempre que ésta no sea una carnicería» = 'provided it is not a butchery'. It states the condition under which he will stay calm."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dejado","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"impasiblemente","lemma":"impasiblemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dejado","gloss":"impassively"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dejado","gloss":"from me"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dejado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"dejado","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"llevar","lemma":"llevar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dejado","gloss":"be taken"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"the","note":"Spanish uses 'la' + the dative 'me' instead of a possessive: 'me...la mujer' = 'my wife.'"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of llevar","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"abofetear","lemma":"abofetear","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with llevar","gloss":"be slapped"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking individuo","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of individuo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"individuo","lemma":"individuo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of abofetear","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of traicionó","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of traicionó","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"traicionó","lemma":"traicionar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying individuo","gloss":"betrayed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuánta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"cuánta","lemma":"cuánto","morphology":"determiner, interrogative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies razón","gloss":"how much"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies razón","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"razón","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of con","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"asistiré","lemma":"asistir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will attend","note":"asistir a is a false friend — it means 'to attend/be present at,' not 'to assist.'"},{"surface":"impasiblemente","lemma":"impasiblemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies asistiré","gloss":"impassively"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escena","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of escena","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"escena","lemma":"escena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of asistiré","gloss":"scene"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muerte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of muerte","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"muerte","lemma":"muerte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies escena","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of carnicería","gloss":"provided","note":"'siempre que' is an idiom meaning 'provided that / as long as,' not literally 'always that.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase siempre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ésta","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sea","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sea","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sea","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to carnicería","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of carnicería","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"carnicería","lemma":"carnicería","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sea","gloss":"butchery"}]},{"number":180,"label":"69","id":"la-propuesta-p69-s1","source":"–Cierto.","translation":"\"True.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p69-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"true"}]},{"number":181,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p69-s2","source":"Es muy lógico.","translation":"It's quite logical.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p69-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to lógico","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lógico","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"lógico","lemma":"lógico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"logical"}]},{"number":182,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p69-s3","source":"Todo en usted es lógico.","translation":"Everything about you is logical.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p69-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"object of en","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to lógico","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lógico","lemma":"lógico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"logical"}]},{"number":183,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p69-s4","source":"¿Sabe usted, Erdosain, que es un individuo interesante?","translation":"Do you know, Erdosain, that you are an interesting fellow?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p69-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of Sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative, addressing the listener","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to individuo","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of individuo","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"individuo","lemma":"individuo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of es","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"interesante","lemma":"interesante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies individuo","gloss":"interesting"}]},{"number":184,"label":"70","id":"la-propuesta-p70-s1","source":"–Lo mismo decía mi esposa.","translation":"\"My wife used to say the same thing.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p70-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"decía","title":"Imperfect for a habitual past","body":"«decía» (imperfect of «decir») renders a repeated or habitual past action: «lo mismo decía mi esposa» = 'my wife used to say the same'. The imperfect is the tense for things one did over and over, with no single endpoint in view."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of mismo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of decía","gloss":"same thing"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"used to say"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esposa","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"esposa","lemma":"esposa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of decía","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":185,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p70-s2","source":"Esto no le impidió irse con otro.","translation":"That didn't stop her from going off with another man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p70-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le impidió irse","title":"«impedir» + infinitive","body":"«impedir (a alguien) + infinitive» means 'to prevent / stop (someone) from doing'. «Esto no le impidió irse» = 'this did not stop her from leaving'. The person prevented is the indirect object «le», and the pronominal «irse» means 'to go off, leave'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of impidió","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies impidió","gloss":"didn't"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of impidió","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"impidió","lemma":"impedir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stop"},{"surface":"irse","lemma":"ir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of impidió","gloss":"going off"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of irse","gloss":"another man"}]},{"number":186,"label":"71","id":"la-propuesta-p71-s1","source":"–¿Y usted lo odia a él?","translation":"\"And do you hate him?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p71-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies odia","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of odia","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of odia","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"odia","lemma":"odiar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hate"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of odia","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":187,"label":"72","id":"la-propuesta-p72-s1","source":"–A veces.","translation":"\"Sometimes.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p72-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of A","gloss":"times","note":"'a veces' is an idiom meaning 'sometimes' (literally 'at times')."}]},{"number":188,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p72-s2","source":"Depende.","translation":"It depends.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p72-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Depende","lemma":"depender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"depends"}]},{"number":189,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p72-s3","source":"Quizá en mí pueda más la repulsión física que el odio.","translation":"Perhaps in me physical revulsion is stronger than hatred.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p72-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"pueda más... que","title":"Idiom «poder más que»","body":"«poder más que» means 'to be stronger than, to prevail over'. «En mí pueda más la repulsión física que el odio» = 'in me physical revulsion outweighs hatred'. The subjunctive «pueda» follows from «quizá» ('perhaps')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pueda","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, singular","role":"object of en","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"pueda","lemma":"poder","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"prevails","note":"'poder más (que)' is an idiom meaning 'to prevail over / be stronger than,' not simply 'to be able.'"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pueda","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of repulsión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"repulsión","lemma":"repulsión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of pueda","gloss":"revulsion"},{"surface":"física","lemma":"físico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies repulsión","gloss":"physical"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the comparative 'más...que' construction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of odio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"odio","lemma":"odio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"compared with repulsión","gloss":"hatred"}]},{"number":190,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p72-s4","source":"En verdad, odio no, porque nunca podemos odiar a las personas que sabemos son capaces de hacer exactamente las mismas canalladas que nosotros.","translation":"In truth, not hatred, because we can never hate the people we know are capable of doing exactly the same vile things as ourselves.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p72-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"canalladas","title":"«canallada» — a vile act","body":"A «canallada» is a dirty, despicable act, the kind of thing a «canalla» ('scoundrel, swine') does. «Las mismas canalladas que nosotros» = 'the same vile deeds as ourselves'. The word drips contempt."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"verdad","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of En","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"odio","lemma":"odio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hatred"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies odio","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of odiar","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies odiar","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"podemos","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of odiar","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"odiar","lemma":"odiar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of podemos","gloss":"hate"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking personas","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of personas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"personas","lemma":"persona","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of odiar","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of son","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sabemos","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"parenthetical insertion (we know)","gloss":"we know"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to capaces","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"capaces","lemma":"capaz","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"predicate complement of son","gloss":"capable"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying capaces","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"exactamente","lemma":"exactamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hacer","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of canalladas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mismas","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of canalladas","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"canalladas","lemma":"canallada","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"vile things"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"part of the comparative construction, as nosotros","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"elliptical subject (verb 'hacemos' omitted)","gloss":"ourselves"}]},{"number":191,"label":"73","id":"la-propuesta-p73-s1","source":"–¿Y por qué quiere matarlo, entonces, usted?","translation":"\"And why do you want to kill him, then?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p73-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies quiere","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of quiere","gloss":"what","note":"'por qué' together mean 'why.'"},{"surface":"quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"matarlo","lemma":"matar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiere","gloss":"to kill him"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quiere","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of quiere","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":192,"label":"74","id":"la-propuesta-p74-s1","source":"–¿Y por qué quiere usted fundar la sociedad?","translation":"\"And why do you want to found the society?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p74-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies quiere","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of quiere","gloss":"what","note":"'por qué' together mean 'why.'"},{"surface":"quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of quiere","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"fundar","lemma":"fundar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiere","gloss":"to found"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of fundar","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":193,"label":"75","id":"la-propuesta-p75-s1","source":"–¿Y cree usted que ese crimen va a tener alguna influencia en su vida?","translation":"\"And do you believe that this crime is going to have any influence on your life?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p75-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies cree","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cree","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of cree","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tener","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crimen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tener","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tener","gloss":"is going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tener","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of va","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"alguna","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of influencia","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"influencia","lemma":"influencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"influence"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tener","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":194,"label":"76","id":"la-propuesta-p76-s1","source":"–Esa es la curiosidad que tengo.","translation":"\"That's the curiosity I have.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p76-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to curiosidad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of curiosidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"curiosidad","lemma":"curiosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"curiosity"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tengo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying curiosidad","gloss":"have"}]},{"number":195,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p76-s2","source":"Saber si mi vida, mi forma de ver las cosas, mi sensibilidad, cambian con el espectáculo de su muerte.","translation":"To know whether my life, my way of seeing things, my sensibility, will change with the spectacle of his death.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p76-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Saber si","title":"«si» = 'whether' in an indirect question","body":"Here «si» introduces an indirect yes/no question — 'whether', not 'if (conditional)': «saber si… cambian» = 'to know whether… they change'. After «si» in this sense Spanish keeps the indicative, never the subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Saber","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cambian","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of cambian","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of cambian, coordinated with vida","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ver","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying forma","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of ver","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sensibilidad","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"sensibilidad","lemma":"sensibilidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of cambian, coordinated with vida","gloss":"sensibility"},{"surface":"cambian","lemma":"cambiar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will change"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espectáculo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espectáculo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espectáculo","lemma":"espectáculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cambian","gloss":"spectacle"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muerte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of muerte","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"muerte","lemma":"muerte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies espectáculo","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":196,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p76-s3","source":"Además, que tengo ya necesidad de matar a alguien.","translation":"Besides, I already have a need to kill someone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p76-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tengo","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"second complement clause of Saber (previous segment)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tengo","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"necesidad","lemma":"necesidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tengo","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of matar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"matar","lemma":"matar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying necesidad","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alguien","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"alguien","lemma":"alguien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of matar","gloss":"someone"}]},{"number":197,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p76-s4","source":"Aunque sea para distraerme, ¿sabe?","translation":"Even if only to amuse myself, you know?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p76-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Aunque sea","title":"«aunque sea» = 'even if only'","body":"«aunque» plus the subjunctive «sea» yields 'even if it be', and the set phrase «aunque sea» comes to mean 'at least, if only, even if just'. «Aunque sea para distraerme» = 'if only to amuse myself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sea","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"sea","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sabe","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of distraerme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"distraerme","lemma":"distraer yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on sea","gloss":"amuse myself"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":198,"label":"77","id":"la-propuesta-p77-s1","source":"–¿Y usted quiere que yo le saque las castañas del fuego?","translation":"\"And you want me to pull the chestnuts out of the fire for you?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p77-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sacar las castañas del fuego","title":"Idiom «sacar las castañas del fuego»","body":"«sacar las castañas del fuego (a alguien)» means 'to pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire' — to do the dirty or dangerous work for them, taking the risk so they reap the benefit. The Astrologer asks if he is being asked to do exactly that."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies quiere","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of quiere","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of saque","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of saque","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of saque","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"saque","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of quiere","gloss":"pull"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of castañas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"castañas","lemma":"castaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of saque","gloss":"chestnuts"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition (contraction: de + el)","role":"preposition marking fuego","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"fuego","lemma":"fuego","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies castañas","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":199,"label":"78","id":"la-propuesta-p78-s1","source":"–¡Claro!...","translation":"\"Of course!...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p78-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"of course"}]},{"number":200,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p78-s2","source":"porque para usted en estas circunstancias, sacarme las castañas del fuego equivale a tener veinte mil pesos para instalar la sociedad y los prostíbulos...","translation":"because for you, in these circumstances, pulling the chestnuts out of the fire for me amounts to having twenty thousand pesos to set up the society and the brothels...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p78-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"equivale a","title":"«equivaler a» = 'to amount to'","body":"«equivaler a» means 'to be equivalent to, amount to'. «Sacarme las castañas... equivale a tener veinte mil pesos» = 'pulling the chestnuts out for me amounts to having twenty thousand pesos'. The nominalized infinitives on each side are equated."}],"words":[{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sacarme","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of equivale","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking circunstancias","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"estas","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of circunstancias","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"circunstancias","lemma":"circunstancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of equivale","gloss":"circumstances"},{"surface":"sacarme","lemma":"sacar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of equivale","gloss":"pull out for me"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of castañas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"castañas","lemma":"castaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of sacarme","gloss":"chestnuts"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition (contraction: de + el)","role":"preposition marking fuego","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"fuego","lemma":"fuego","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies castañas","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"equivale","lemma":"equivaler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"amounts to"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tener","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of equivale","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"veinte","lemma":"veinte","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with veinte","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of instalar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"instalar","lemma":"instalar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tener","gloss":"set up"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of instalar","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of prostíbulos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"prostíbulos","lemma":"prostíbulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with sociedad","gloss":"brothels"}]},{"number":201,"label":"79","id":"la-propuesta-p79-s1","source":"–¿Y cómo se le ocurrió a usted que yo era capaz de hacer «eso»?","translation":"\"And how did it occur to you that I was capable of doing \"that\"?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p79-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies ocurrió","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"modifies ocurrió","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ocurrió","gloss":"it","note":"'ocurrírsele a alguien' is an idiom meaning 'to occur to someone' — se and le work together, not translated word-for-word."},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of ocurrió","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ocurrió","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"occurred"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"indirect object of ocurrió","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of capaz","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to capaz","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"capaz","lemma":"capaz","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"capable"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying capaz","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":202,"label":"80","id":"la-propuesta-p80-s1","source":"–¿Cómo?","translation":"\"How?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p80-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"how"}]},{"number":203,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p80-s2","source":"Hace mucho tiempo que lo he observado.","translation":"I've been observing you for a long time.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p80-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hace mucho tiempo que","title":"«hace... que» for duration","body":"«hace + time + que + verb» expresses how long something has been going on: «hace mucho tiempo que lo he observado» = 'I have been observing you for a long time'. The «hace… que» frame carries the 'for / since' meaning English puts on the verb tense."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it's been"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Hace","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of observado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of observado","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of observado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"observado","lemma":"observar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Hace","gloss":"observed"}]},{"number":204,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p80-s3","source":"Pero la convicción de que usted era un hombre de embarcarse en una aventura peligrosa se me ocurrió hace un año cuando lo conocí en la Sociedad Teosófica.","translation":"But the conviction that you were a man to embark on a dangerous adventure came to me a year ago, when I met you at the Theosophical Society.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p80-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo conocí","title":"«conocer» in the preterite = 'met'","body":"In the preterite, «conocer» means 'to meet (for the first time)', not 'to know': «cuando lo conocí» = 'when I first met you'. The imperfect «conocía» would instead mean 'I knew / was acquainted with him'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies ocurrió","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of convicción","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"convicción","lemma":"convicción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ocurrió","gloss":"conviction"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the complementizer, with que","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to hombre","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of embarcarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"embarcarse","lemma":"embarcar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"embark"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aventura","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of aventura","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"aventura","lemma":"aventura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of embarcarse","gloss":"adventure"},{"surface":"peligrosa","lemma":"peligroso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies aventura","gloss":"dangerous"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ocurrió","gloss":"it","note":"'se me ocurrió' is the idiom 'it occurred to me' (se and the dative work together)."},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of ocurrió","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ocurrió","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"occurred"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on ocurrió","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of año","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"año","lemma":"año","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hace","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of conocí","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of conocí","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"conocí","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hace","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sociedad","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Sociedad","lemma":"Sociedad","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of conocí","gloss":"Society"},{"surface":"Teosófica","lemma":"Teosófica","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Sociedad","gloss":"Theosophical"}]},{"number":205,"label":"81","id":"la-propuesta-p81-s1","source":"–¿A ver?...","translation":"\"Let's hear it?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p81-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ver","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see","note":"'a ver' is an idiom meaning 'let's see/hear' (literally 'to see')."}]},{"number":206,"label":"82","id":"la-propuesta-p82-s1","source":"–Me acuerdo como si fuera ahora.","translation":"\"I remember it as if it were now.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p82-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si fuera ahora","title":"«como si» + past subjunctive","body":"«como si fuera ahora» = 'as if it were now'. As always, «como si» ('as if') takes the past subjunctive — «fuera» (from «ser») — to frame an unreal comparison: it is not now, but the memory is that vivid."}],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acuerdo","gloss":"(reflexive)","note":"'acordarse' is inherently reflexive ('to remember'); 'me' here isn't a separate 'myself.'"},{"surface":"acuerdo","lemma":"acordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the conjunction 'como si', modifies acuerdo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fuera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on como","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fuera","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":207,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p82-s2","source":"Una carbonera, a su izquierda, estaba hablando del periespíritu con un zapatero.","translation":"A coal-seller's wife, to your left, was talking about the perispirit with a shoemaker.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p82-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"periespíritu","title":"«periespíritu» — the perispirit","body":"The «periespíritu» ('perispirit') is a term from spiritualism: a subtle, semi-material envelope said to clothe the soul and link it to the body. Its casual mention by ordinary people — a coal-seller's wife, a shoemaker — captures the era's craze for the occult."}],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of carbonera","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"carbonera","lemma":"carbonera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hablando","gloss":"coal-seller's wife","note":"Carbonera literally means a female coal-seller herself; the translation renders her via her husband's trade."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking izquierda","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of izquierda","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"izquierda","lemma":"izquierda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of a, locating carbonera","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hablando","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"hablando","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"talking"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking periespíritu","gloss":"about the"},{"surface":"periespíritu","lemma":"periespíritu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hablando","gloss":"perispirit","note":"Periespíritu is Spiritism jargon for the subtle 'astral' envelope around the soul; the translation keeps the coinage as 'perispirit.'"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking zapatero","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of zapatero","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"zapatero","lemma":"zapatero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hablando","gloss":"shoemaker"}]},{"number":208,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p82-s3","source":"¿Usted no se ha fijado qué predilección tienen los zapateros por las ciencias ocultas?","translation":"Haven't you noticed what a predilection shoemakers have for the occult sciences?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p82-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of fijado","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fijado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of fijado","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fijado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"fijado","lemma":"fijar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of predilección","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"predilección","lemma":"predilección","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tienen","gloss":"predilection"},{"surface":"tienen","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of fijado (indirect question)","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of zapateros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zapateros","lemma":"zapatero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of tienen","gloss":"shoemakers"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciencias","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ciencias","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciencias","lemma":"ciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of por, complement of predilección","gloss":"sciences"},{"surface":"ocultas","lemma":"oculto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ciencias","gloss":"occult"}]},{"number":209,"label":"83","id":"la-propuesta-p83-s1","source":"–¿Y?","translation":"\"And?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p83-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"And"}]},{"number":210,"label":"84","id":"la-propuesta-p84-s1","source":"–En esa circunstancia usted se dirigió a un caballero polaco que mantenía relaciones con el espíritu de Sobiezki.","translation":"\"On that occasion you addressed a Polish gentleman who was in contact with the spirit of Sobieski.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p84-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se dirigió a","title":"«dirigirse a» = 'to address'","body":"The pronominal «dirigirse a (alguien)» means 'to address, to turn to, to speak to someone'. «Usted se dirigió a un caballero polaco» = 'you addressed a Polish gentleman'. It is more formal than «hablar con»."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking circunstancia","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of circunstancia","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"circunstancia","lemma":"circunstancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dirigió","gloss":"occasion"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of dirigió","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dirigió","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"dirigió","lemma":"dirigir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caballero","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caballero","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"caballero","lemma":"caballero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dirigió","gloss":"gentleman"},{"surface":"polaco","lemma":"polaco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies caballero","gloss":"Polish"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of mantenía","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"mantenía","lemma":"mantener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying caballero","gloss":"maintained"},{"surface":"relaciones","lemma":"relación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of mantenía","gloss":"contact"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espíritu","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espíritu","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espíritu","lemma":"espíritu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies relaciones","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sobiezki","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Sobiezki","lemma":"Sobiezki","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies espíritu","gloss":"Sobieski","note":"Arlt's spelling of Jan Sobieski, the Polish king the séance conjures up; the translation gives it as 'Sobieski.'"}]},{"number":211,"label":"85","id":"la-propuesta-p85-s1","source":"–No recuerdo...","translation":"\"I don't remember...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p85-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies recuerdo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"recuerdo","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember"}]},{"number":212,"label":"86","id":"la-propuesta-p86-s1","source":"–Yo sí.","translation":"\"I do.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p86-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Yo sí","title":"«sí» for emphatic affirmation","body":"«Yo sí» answers a negative with 'I do (though)'. The stressed «sí» ('yes, indeed') stands in for the whole verb: against Erdosain's «no recuerdo», the Astrologer's «Yo sí» = 'I do remember'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb, affirmative","role":"affirms the elided verb (recuerdo)","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":213,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p86-s2","source":"El caballero polaco, usted mismo me lo dijo más tarde, era peón de albañil... Usted y el caballero polaco pasaron de Sobiezki a discutir sobre el «sentido de orientación de las palomas» y usted contestó: «Para mí la única importancia que tiene el sentido de orientación de las palomas es servir como intermediarias en un chantage», y allí usted comenzó a explicar...","translation":"The Polish gentleman — you yourself told me so later — was a bricklayer's laborer... You and the Polish gentleman went from Sobieski to arguing about the \"homing sense of pigeons\", and you answered: \"For me the only importance the homing sense of pigeons has is to serve as go-betweens in a blackmail scheme\", and there you began to explain...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p86-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"usted mismo","title":"«mismo» = 'self / very'","body":"«mismo/a» after a pronoun or noun means '-self, the very': «usted mismo me lo dijo» = 'you yourself told me'. It intensifies, insisting the source was Erdosain himself, no one else."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"chantage","title":"«chantage» — blackmail (a Gallicism)","body":"«chantage» is a French loanword for 'blackmail' (standard Spanish «chantaje»). The French spelling, fashionable in the period, suits the cosmopolitan, slightly pretentious flavor of these characters' talk."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caballero","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"caballero","lemma":"caballero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"gentleman"},{"surface":"polaco","lemma":"polaco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies caballero","gloss":"Polish"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies usted","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dijo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause (usted mismo me lo dijo)","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tarde","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"later","note":"Más tarde is the fixed phrase for 'later.'"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (copula linking caballero to peón)","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"peón","lemma":"peón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"laborer"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking albañil","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"albañil","lemma":"albañil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies peón","gloss":"bricklayer"},{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of pasaron","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caballero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caballero","lemma":"caballero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Usted","gloss":"gentleman"},{"surface":"polaco","lemma":"polaco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies caballero","gloss":"Polish"},{"surface":"pasaron","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sobiezki","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Sobiezki","lemma":"Sobiezki","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of pasaron","gloss":"Sobieski"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of discutir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"discutir","lemma":"discutir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of pasaron","gloss":"arguing"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sentido","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sentido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sentido","lemma":"sentido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of discutir","gloss":"sense","note":"Sentido de orientación de las palomas = pigeons' homing instinct; the translation renders the phrase as 'homing sense.'"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orientación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"orientación","lemma":"orientación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sentido","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palomas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palomas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"palomas","lemma":"paloma","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies orientación","gloss":"pigeons"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of contestó","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"contestó","lemma":"contestar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pasaron","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"Para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"For"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, singular","role":"oblique complement of importancia","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of importancia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"única","lemma":"único","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies importancia","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"importancia","lemma":"importancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"importance"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying importancia","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sentido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sentido","lemma":"sentido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"sense"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orientación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"orientación","lemma":"orientación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sentido","gloss":"direction"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palomas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palomas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"palomas","lemma":"paloma","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies orientación","gloss":"pigeons"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking importancia to servir (main verb of the quoted clause)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"servir","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"to serve"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking intermediarias","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"intermediarias","lemma":"intermediaria","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"predicative complement of servir (via como)","gloss":"go-betweens"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chantage","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of chantage","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"chantage","lemma":"chantage","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of servir","gloss":"blackmail scheme","note":"Chantage is a French loanword used in Rioplatense slang for blackmail/extortion."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies comenzó","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of comenzó","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"comenzó","lemma":"comenzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pasaron","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of explicar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"explicar","lemma":"explicar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of comenzó","gloss":"explain"}]},{"number":214,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p86-s3","source":"Bueno, cuando usted terminó de hablar, entre el asombro del polaco, la carbonera y el zapatero, yo me dije: este hombre es un audaz en disponibilidad...","translation":"Well, when you finished speaking, amid the astonishment of the Pole, the coal-seller's wife, and the shoemaker, I said to myself: this man is a daring soul awaiting his moment...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p86-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"terminó de hablar","title":"«terminar de» + infinitive","body":"«terminar de» plus an infinitive means 'to finish (doing something)': «cuando usted terminó de hablar» = 'when you finished speaking'. Note the «de» — «terminar de hacer» is 'to finish doing', distinct from «terminar por hacer» ('to end up doing')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bueno","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection, independent of the clause","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of terminó","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of terminó","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"terminó","lemma":"terminar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on dije","gloss":"finished"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hablar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hablar","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of terminó","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking asombro","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of asombro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"asombro","lemma":"asombro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dije","gloss":"astonishment"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking polaco","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"polaco","lemma":"polaco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies asombro","gloss":"Pole"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of carbonera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"carbonera","lemma":"carbonera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with polaco (elided de), complement of asombro","gloss":"coal-seller's wife"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of zapatero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zapatero","lemma":"zapatero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with polaco (elided de), complement of asombro","gloss":"shoemaker"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of dije","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dije","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"dije","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to audaz","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of audaz","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"audaz","lemma":"audaz","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"daring soul"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking disponibilidad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"disponibilidad","lemma":"disponibilidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies audaz","gloss":"availability","note":"En disponibilidad, literally 'in availability,' is an idiom for being poised/on standby; the translation renders it 'awaiting his moment.'"}]},{"number":215,"label":"87","id":"la-propuesta-p87-s1","source":"–¡Jajá! ¡Qué muchacho es usted!","translation":"\"Ha-ha! What a fellow you are!\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p87-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¡Qué muchacho es usted!","title":"Exclamatory «¡Qué + noun!»","body":"«¡Qué + noun!» forms an exclamation: «¡Qué muchacho es usted!» = 'what a fellow you are!'. Note that Spanish needs no article — «qué muchacho», never «qué un muchacho» — where English requires 'what a'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jajá","lemma":"jajá","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection, independent of the clause","gloss":"Ha-ha"},{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of muchacho","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"muchacho","lemma":"muchacho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking usted and muchacho","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":216,"label":"88","id":"la-propuesta-p88-s1","source":"–Perfecto.","translation":"\"Perfect.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p88-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Perfecto","lemma":"perfecto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Perfect"}]},{"number":217,"label":"89","id":"la-propuesta-p89-s1","source":"–Usted debe tomar en cuenta esto: es un mecanismo que se desmonta en tres submecanismos que tienen que marchar armoniosamente, aunque son independientes.","translation":"\"You must take this into account: it's a mechanism that breaks down into three sub-mechanisms which have to run in harmony, even though they are independent.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p89-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tomar en cuenta","title":"Idiom «tomar en cuenta»","body":"«tomar en cuenta» means 'to take into account, bear in mind'. «Usted debe tomar en cuenta esto» = 'you must take this into account'. The related «tener en cuenta» means the same thing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of tomar","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tomar","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"tomar","lemma":"tomar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuenta","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with tomar","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of tomar","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to mecanismo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mecanismo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mecanismo","lemma":"mecanismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"mechanism"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of desmonta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desmonta","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"desmonta","lemma":"desmontar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying mecanismo","gloss":"breaks down"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking submecanismos","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies submecanismos","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"submecanismos","lemma":"submecanismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of desmonta","gloss":"sub-mechanisms"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tienen","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"tienen","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying submecanismos","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links tienen to marchar (tener que + infinitive)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"marchar","lemma":"marchar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of tienen","gloss":"run"},{"surface":"armoniosamente","lemma":"armoniosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies marchar","gloss":"harmoniously"},{"surface":"aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of independientes","gloss":"even though"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to independientes","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"independientes","lemma":"independiente","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"predicate complement of son","gloss":"independent"}]},{"number":218,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p89-s2","source":"Vea: El primer mecanismo es el secuestro.","translation":"Look: the first mechanism is the kidnapping.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p89-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular","role":"imperative main verb, independent of the following clause","gloss":"Look"},{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mecanismo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"primer","lemma":"primero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mecanismo","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"mecanismo","lemma":"mecanismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"mechanism"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to secuestro","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of secuestro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"secuestro","lemma":"secuestro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"kidnapping"}]},{"number":219,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p89-s3","source":"El segundo, la estada de usted en Rosario, donde pedirá y recibirá el equipaje con el nombre de Barsut.","translation":"The second, your stay in Rosario, where you'll request and receive the luggage under the name of Barsut.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p89-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of segundo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"segundo","lemma":"segundo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of estada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estada","lemma":"estada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to segundo","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"object of de, possessor of estada","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rosario","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Rosario","lemma":"Rosario","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of estada","gloss":"Rosario"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of pedirá","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"pedirá","lemma":"pedir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Rosario","gloss":"will request"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"recibirá","lemma":"recibir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pedirá","gloss":"will receive"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of equipaje","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"equipaje","lemma":"equipaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of recibirá","gloss":"luggage"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nombre","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nombre","lemma":"nombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of recibirá","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies nombre","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":220,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p89-s4","source":"El tercero, asesinato y procedimiento para hacerlo desaparecer.","translation":"The third, the murder and the procedure for making him disappear.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p89-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hacerlo desaparecer","title":"Causative «hacer» + infinitive","body":"«hacer + infinitive» is causative — 'to make / cause (something to happen)': «hacerlo desaparecer» = 'to make him disappear'. The pronoun «lo» ('him') attaches to «hacer», the object of the whole causative phrase."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tercero","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"tercero","lemma":"tercero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"asesinato","lemma":"asesinato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to tercero","gloss":"murder"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"procedimiento","lemma":"procedimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with asesinato, in apposition to tercero","gloss":"procedure"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacerlo","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"hacerlo","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying procedimiento","gloss":"making him"},{"surface":"desaparecer","lemma":"desaparecer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacerlo","gloss":"disappear"}]},{"number":221,"label":"90","id":"la-propuesta-p90-s1","source":"–¿Destruiremos el cadáver?","translation":"\"Will we destroy the body?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p90-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Destruiremos","lemma":"destruir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Will we destroy"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cadáver","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cadáver","lemma":"cadáver","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Destruiremos","gloss":"body"}]},{"number":222,"label":"91","id":"la-propuesta-p91-s1","source":"–Claro.","translation":"\"Of course.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p91-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Of course"}]},{"number":223,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p91-s2","source":"Con ácido nítrico o si no con un horno donde... Si es horno hay que tener un mínimo de quinientos grados para carbonizar también los huesos.","translation":"With nitric acid, or else with a furnace where... If it's a furnace, you have to reach a minimum of five hundred degrees to char the bones as well.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p91-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"si no","title":"«si no» = 'otherwise / or else'","body":"Written as two words, «si no» means 'if not, otherwise, or else': «con ácido nítrico o si no con un horno» = 'with nitric acid, or else with a furnace'. Do not confuse it with the one-word «sino» ('but rather')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ácido","gloss":"With"},{"surface":"ácido","lemma":"ácido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"acid"},{"surface":"nítrico","lemma":"nítrico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ácido","gloss":"nitric"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the idiom si no (or else)","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom si no, modifies elided verb","gloss":"not","note":"O si no = 'or else' (literally 'or if not')."},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horno","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of horno","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"horno","lemma":"horno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of con","gloss":"furnace"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces incomplete relative clause modifying horno","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause (modifies hay)","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to horno","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"horno","lemma":"horno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"furnace"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (hay que + infinitive)","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links hay to tener (hay que + infinitive)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of hay","gloss":"reach"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mínimo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mínimo","lemma":"mínimo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular, superlative","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"minimum"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grados","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"quinientos","lemma":"quinientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies grados","gloss":"five hundred"},{"surface":"grados","lemma":"grado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies mínimo","gloss":"degrees"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of carbonizar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"carbonizar","lemma":"carbonizar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose clause modifying tener","gloss":"char"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies carbonizar","gloss":"as well"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of huesos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"huesos","lemma":"hueso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of carbonizar","gloss":"bones"}]},{"number":224,"label":"92","id":"la-propuesta-p92-s1","source":"–¿Y de dónde ha sacado usted esos datos?","translation":"\"And where did you get that information?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p92-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ha sacado","title":"«sacar» = 'to get / draw out'","body":"«sacar» basically means 'to take out, draw out', and by extension 'to get, obtain': «¿de dónde ha sacado esos datos?» = 'where did you get that information from?'. The «de dónde» asks for the source."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"conjunction linking to prior sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dónde","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of sacado","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sacado","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"sacado","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of sacado","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of datos","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"datos","lemma":"dato","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of sacado","gloss":"information"}]},{"number":225,"label":"93","id":"la-propuesta-p93-s1","source":"–Ya sabe que soy inventor.","translation":"\"You already know I'm an inventor.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p93-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sabe","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of inventor","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to inventor","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"inventor","lemma":"inventor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of sabe","gloss":"inventor"}]},{"number":226,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p93-s2","source":"Ah, de los veinte mil pesos podemos dedicar una parte para fabricar la rosa de cobre en gran escala.","translation":"Ah, of the twenty thousand pesos we can set aside a part to manufacture the copper rose on a large scale.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p93-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection, independent of the clause","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pesos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pesos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"veinte","lemma":"veinte","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of dedicar","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"podemos","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of dedicar","gloss":"we can"},{"surface":"dedicar","lemma":"dedicar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set aside"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of parte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dedicar","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fabricar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fabricar","lemma":"fabricar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying parte","gloss":"manufacture"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of rosa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rosa","lemma":"rosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of fabricar","gloss":"rose","note":"La rosa de cobre is Erdosain's copper-rose invention, a running motif of futile genius earlier in the novel."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cobre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cobre","lemma":"cobre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rosa","gloss":"copper"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escala","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"gran","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies escala","gloss":"large"},{"surface":"escala","lemma":"escala","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fabricar","gloss":"scale"}]},{"number":227,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p93-s3","source":"Ya he encargado su fabricación a una familia amiga.","translation":"I've already commissioned its manufacture to a family I'm friendly with.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p93-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encargado","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of encargado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"encargado","lemma":"encargar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"commissioned"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fabricación","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"fabricación","lemma":"fabricación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of encargado","gloss":"manufacture"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking familia","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of familia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"familia","lemma":"familia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of encargado","gloss":"family"},{"surface":"amiga","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies familia","gloss":"friendly"}]},{"number":228,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p93-s4","source":"Posiblemente uno de los muchachos ingrese en la sociedad.","translation":"Possibly one of the boys will join the society.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p93-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Posiblemente... ingrese","title":"Subjunctive after «posiblemente»","body":"Adverbs of possibility like «posiblemente» often take the subjunctive: «posiblemente uno de los muchachos ingrese» = 'possibly one of the boys will join'. The subjunctive «ingrese» keeps the outcome uncertain, as the adverb implies."}],"words":[{"surface":"Posiblemente","lemma":"posiblemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ingrese","gloss":"Possibly"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ingrese","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muchachos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of muchachos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muchachos","lemma":"muchacho","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies uno","gloss":"boys"},{"surface":"ingrese","lemma":"ingresar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will join"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ingrese","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":229,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p93-s5","source":"Además, días pasados se me ha ocurrido un cambio electromagnético para la máquina de vapor de Stephenson.","translation":"Besides, the other day an electromagnetic modification for Stephenson's steam engine occurred to me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p93-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ocurrido","gloss":"Besides"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ocurrido","gloss":"days","note":"Días pasados is an idiom for 'the other day, recently'; the translation gives it in the singular."},{"surface":"pasados","lemma":"pasado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies días","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ocurrido","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of ocurrido","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ocurrido","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ocurrido","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"occurred"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cambio","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"cambio","lemma":"cambio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ocurrido","gloss":"modification"},{"surface":"electromagnético","lemma":"electromagnético","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cambio","gloss":"electromagnetic"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking máquina","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of máquina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"máquina","lemma":"máquina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cambio","gloss":"engine"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vapor","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vapor","lemma":"vapor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies máquina","gloss":"steam"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Stephenson","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Stephenson","lemma":"Stephenson","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies máquina","gloss":"Stephenson"}]},{"number":230,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p93-s6","source":"Bueno, lo que yo he ideado es cien veces más sencillo.","translation":"Well, what I've devised is a hundred times simpler.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p93-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Bueno","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"discourse marker, sets off the sentence","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of es (head of the headless relative lo que...)","gloss":"what","note":"Lo que ('what'/'that which') is a headless relative: the neuter pronoun lo stands for an unspecified thing, spelled out by the following que-clause."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of ideado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of ideado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ideado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ideado","lemma":"idear","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause modifying lo","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sencillo","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"cien","lemma":"cien","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies veces","gloss":"a hundred"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies más sencillo (measure phrase)","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sencillo","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"sencillo","lemma":"sencillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"simple"}]},{"number":231,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p93-s7","source":"¿Sabe usted lo que a mí me haría falta?","translation":"Do you know what I would need?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p93-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me haría falta","title":"Idiom «hacer falta»","body":"«hacer falta» means 'to be needed, to be lacking': «lo que a mí me haría falta» = 'what I would need'. Like «gustar», the needed thing is the subject and the person an indirect object («me»); «a mí» merely emphasizes it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Know"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of Sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of Sabe (head of the headless relative lo que...)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of haría","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, singular","role":"emphatic dative complement of haría (doubles me)","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of haría","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"haría","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"forms the idiom hacer falta with falta","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"falta","lemma":"falta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"need","note":"hacerle falta a alguien = to be necessary for/needed by someone (impersonal idiom); haría falta = 'would be needed'."}]},{"number":232,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p93-s8","source":"Irme un tiempo afuera, estar en la montaña, descansar y estudiar.","translation":"To go away for a while, to be in the mountains, to rest and study.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p93-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Irme","lemma":"irse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive (+ clitic me)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"To go away"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of Irme (duration)","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"afuera","lemma":"afuera","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Irme","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with Irme","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montaña","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of montaña","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"montaña","lemma":"montaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estar","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"descansar","lemma":"descansar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with estar","gloss":"to rest"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"estudiar","lemma":"estudiar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with descansar","gloss":"to study"}]},{"number":233,"label":"94","id":"la-propuesta-p94-s1","source":"–Y usted podría ir a la colonia que organizaremos...","translation":"\"And you could go to the colony we'll set up...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p94-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"podría ir","title":"Conditional «podría» for a soft suggestion","body":"«podría» (conditional of «poder») softens a proposal to 'could / might': «usted podría ir» = 'you could go'. The conditional makes the suggestion tentative and polite rather than a flat assertion."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of ir","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"podría","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ir","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ir","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking colonia","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of colonia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"colonia","lemma":"colonia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ir","gloss":"colony"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of organizaremos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"organizaremos","lemma":"organizar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clause modifying colonia","gloss":"we'll set up"}]},{"number":234,"label":"95","id":"la-propuesta-p95-s1","source":"–¿Entonces está conforme con el plan?","translation":"\"So you're agreed on the plan?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p95-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"conforme con","title":"«estar conforme con»","body":"«estar conforme con» means 'to be in agreement with, satisfied with, to go along with'. «¿Está conforme con el plan?» = 'are you agreed on the plan?'. «conforme» here is an adjective of assent."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies está","gloss":"So"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"conforme","lemma":"conforme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of está","gloss":"agreed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plan, complement of conforme","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of plan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plan","lemma":"plan","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of con","gloss":"plan"}]},{"number":235,"label":"96","id":"la-propuesta-p96-s1","source":"–¡Ah! Una cosa.","translation":"\"Ah! One thing.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p96-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"One"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"stands alone (separate exclamation)","gloss":"thing"}]},{"number":236,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p96-s2","source":"El dinero, ¿de dónde lo sacó Barsut?","translation":"The money — where did Barsut get it from?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p96-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sacó (dislocated topic, resumed by lo)","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dónde","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of sacó","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sacó","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sacó","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"get"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sacó","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":237,"label":"97","id":"la-propuesta-p97-s1","source":"–Hace tres años vendió una propiedad que le tocó en herencia.","translation":"\"Three years ago he sold a property that came to him by inheritance.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p97-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le tocó en herencia","title":"Idiom «tocarle (algo) a alguien»","body":"«tocarle a alguien» means 'to fall to someone, to be one's share/lot': «una propiedad que le tocó en herencia» = 'a property that came to him by inheritance'. It is the same «tocar» as in «te toca a ti» ('it's your turn')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular, impersonal","role":"temporal expression modifying vendió (hace + time = ago)","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies años","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"años","lemma":"año","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Hace","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"vendió","lemma":"vender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sold"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of propiedad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"propiedad","lemma":"propiedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of vendió","gloss":"property"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tocó","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of tocó","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"tocó","lemma":"tocar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying propiedad","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking herencia","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"herencia","lemma":"herencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tocó","gloss":"inheritance"}]},{"number":238,"label":"98","id":"la-propuesta-p98-s1","source":"–Y lo tiene en caja de ahorros...","translation":"\"And he keeps it in a savings account...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p98-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caja","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"caja","lemma":"caja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tiene","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ahorros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ahorros","lemma":"ahorro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies caja","gloss":"savings"}]},{"number":239,"label":"99","id":"la-propuesta-p99-s1","source":"–No, en cuenta corriente.","translation":"\"No, in a checking account.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p99-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cuenta corriente","title":"«cuenta corriente» vs «caja de ahorros»","body":"A «cuenta corriente» is a current / checking account (against which one writes checks), as opposed to a «caja de ahorros», a savings account that earns interest. The distinction matters to the plotters: a checking account is money he can sign away on the spot."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"stands alone as the answer","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuenta","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"corriente","lemma":"corriente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies cuenta","gloss":"checking"}]},{"number":240,"label":"100","id":"la-propuesta-p100-s1","source":"–¿Así que no vive del interés?","translation":"\"So he doesn't live off the interest?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p100-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Así que","title":"«Así que» = 'so / therefore'","body":"«Así que» draws a conclusion: 'so, therefore, which means'. «¿Así que no vive del interés?» = 'so he doesn't live off the interest?'. It links the new inference to what was just established."}],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"combines with que (así que = so)","gloss":"So"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Así","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vive","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"vive","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking interés","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"interés","lemma":"interés","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vive","gloss":"interest"}]},{"number":241,"label":"101","id":"la-propuesta-p101-s1","source":"–No, lo va gastando de a poco.","translation":"\"No, he's spending it little by little.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p101-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"va gastando","title":"«ir» + gerund (gradual progress)","body":"«ir» plus a gerund pictures an action unfolding bit by bit: «lo va gastando de a poco» = 'he is gradually spending it'. Where «estar + gerund» is action in progress, «ir + gerund» stresses its step-by-step advance."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"stands alone as the answer","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of gastando","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of gastando","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"gastando","lemma":"gastar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spending"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de a poco","gloss":"of","note":"De a poco is a Rioplatense idiom meaning 'little by little, gradually'."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de a poco","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom de a poco, object of a","gloss":"a little"}]},{"number":242,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p101-s2","source":"De a doscientos pesos mensuales.","translation":"At two hundred pesos a month.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p101-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"De a doscientos","title":"River Plate «de a» for rate","body":"«de a» before a quantity is a River Plate way of marking a rate or unit: «de a doscientos pesos mensuales» = 'at two hundred pesos a month, in lots of two hundred'. Standard Spanish would often drop the «a» («de doscientos»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de a (distributive)","gloss":"At","note":"De a + [quantity] is a distributive idiom: 'in installments/amounts of...'."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom De a","gloss":"a rate of"},{"surface":"doscientos","lemma":"doscientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"two hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"mensuales","lemma":"mensual","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies pesos","gloss":"monthly"}]},{"number":243,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p101-s3","source":"Dice que antes de terminar conesa suma habrá muerto.","translation":"He says that before finishing that sum he'll be dead.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p101-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"habrá muerto","title":"Future perfect","body":"«habrá muerto» is the future perfect — 'he will have died' — an action expected to be already complete by a later point: «antes de terminar esa suma habrá muerto» = 'before he finishes that sum, he'll already be dead'. (The source's «conesa» is a printer's run-together of «con esa».)"}],"words":[{"surface":"Dice","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of muerto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the adverbial clause modifying muerto","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of terminar (antes de)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"terminar","lemma":"terminar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of antes de","gloss":"finishing"},{"surface":"conesa","lemma":"con esa","morphology":"preposition + determiner (merged forms), feminine, singular","role":"preposition (con) + determiner of suma (esa), complement of terminar","gloss":"with that","note":"Likely a typesetting/OCR error: printed as one word 'conesa' but represents two words, 'con esa' (with that)."},{"surface":"suma","lemma":"suma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of the preposition con, complement of terminar","gloss":"sum"},{"surface":"habrá","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of muerto","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"muerto","lemma":"morir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the que-clause (complement of Dice)","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":244,"label":"102","id":"la-propuesta-p102-s1","source":"–Es curioso.","translation":"\"It's curious.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p102-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to curioso","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"curioso","lemma":"curioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"curious"}]},{"number":245,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p102-s2","source":"¿Y qué tipo es él?","translation":"And what sort of fellow is he?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p102-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tipo","title":"«tipo» — a guy / sort","body":"«tipo» colloquially means 'guy, fellow, bloke' and, asking «¿qué tipo es?», 'what sort of man is he?'. It is informal but not rude — a staple of everyday River Plate speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of tipo","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"tipo","lemma":"tipo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"sort"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking tipo and él","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":246,"label":"103","id":"la-propuesta-p103-s1","source":"–Fuerte.","translation":"\"Strong.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p103-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fuerte","lemma":"fuerte","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Strong"}]},{"number":247,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p103-s2","source":"Cruel.","translation":"Cruel.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p103-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cruel","lemma":"cruel","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Cruel"}]},{"number":248,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p103-s3","source":"El secuestro va a tener que estudiarlo muy bien, porque se defenderá como una fiera.","translation":"You'll have to plan the kidnapping very carefully, because he'll defend himself like a wild beast.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p103-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"El secuestro va a tener que estudiarlo","title":"Fronted topic + resumptive pronoun","body":"«El secuestro» is fronted as the topic, then picked up again by the pronoun «lo» on «estudiarlo»: 'the kidnapping — you'll have to plan it carefully'. Spanish often topicalizes a noun this way and resumes it with a clitic pronoun."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of secuestro","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"secuestro","lemma":"secuestro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of estudiarlo (topic, resumed by lo)","gloss":"kidnapping"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tener","gloss":"is going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tener","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the idiom tener que (have to)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"estudiarlo","lemma":"estudiar","morphology":"verb, infinitive (+ clitic lo = it)","role":"infinitive complement of tener que","gloss":"study it"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bien","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estudiarlo","gloss":"carefully"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of defenderá","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of defenderá","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"defenderá","lemma":"defender","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial (reason) clause on estudiarlo","gloss":"will defend"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fiera","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fiera","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fiera","lemma":"fiera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of como (comparison)","gloss":"wild beast"}]},{"number":249,"label":"104","id":"la-propuesta-p104-s1","source":"–Muy bien.","translation":"\"Very good.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p104-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bien","gloss":"Very"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":250,"label":"105","id":"la-propuesta-p105-s1","source":"–¡Ah!, antes de que me vaya.","translation":"\"Ah! — before I go.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p105-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"antes de que me vaya","title":"«antes de que» + subjunctive","body":"«antes de que» ('before') always takes the subjunctive, since the event has not yet happened: «antes de que me vaya» = 'before I leave'. The subjunctive «vaya» (from «irse») is obligatory here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"stands alone, introduces the temporal clause","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vaya (antes de que)","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vaya","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of vaya","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"vaya","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on antes","gloss":"go"}]},{"number":251,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p105-s2","source":"¿Usted le dirá algo de esto al Rufián?","translation":"Will you tell the Ruffian anything about this?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p105-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of dirá","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dirá (doubles al Rufián)","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"dirá","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of dirá","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esto","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rufián","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of dirá (doubled by le)","gloss":"Ruffian"}]},{"number":252,"label":"106","id":"la-propuesta-p106-s1","source":"–No.","translation":"\"No.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p106-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"No"}]},{"number":253,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p106-s2","source":"Es un secreto entre nosotros.","translation":"It's a secret between us.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p106-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to secreto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of secreto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"secreto","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nosotros","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, masculine, plural","role":"object of entre","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":254,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p106-s3","source":"El Rufián participará como organizador de los prostíbulos, nada más.","translation":"The Ruffian will take part only as the organizer of the brothels, nothing more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p106-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of participará","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"participará","lemma":"participar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will take part"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking organizador","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"organizador","lemma":"organizador","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicative complement (object of como)","gloss":"organizer"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prostíbulos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of prostíbulos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"prostíbulos","lemma":"prostíbulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies organizador","gloss":"brothels"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial afterthought (nada más = nothing more)","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":255,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p106-s4","source":"¿Usted paga mañana en la Azucarera, no?","translation":"You're paying tomorrow at the Sugar Company, aren't you?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p106-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"paga mañana","title":"Present tense for the near future","body":"Spanish uses the simple present for scheduled future events: «¿Usted paga mañana?» = 'are you paying tomorrow?'. The adverb «mañana» ('tomorrow') makes the future sense clear without needing a future tense. The tag «¿no?» seeks confirmation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of paga","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"paga","lemma":"pagar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are paying"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies paga","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Azucarera","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Azucarera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Azucarera","lemma":"Azucarera","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of paga","gloss":"Sugar Company"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"tag question (aren't you)","gloss":"aren't you"}]},{"number":256,"label":"107","id":"la-propuesta-p107-s1","source":"–Sí.","translation":"\"Yes.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p107-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"}]},{"number":257,"label":"108","id":"la-propuesta-p108-s1","source":"–Ahora que me acuerdo, conozco a un impresor.","translation":"\"Now that I think of it, I know a printer.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p108-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ahora que me acuerdo","title":"Idiom «ahora que me acuerdo»","body":"«ahora que me acuerdo» = 'now that I remember / come to think of it'. The pronominal «acordarse» ('to remember') gives the set phrase that introduces a sudden recollection."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of acuerdo (ahora que = now that)","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Ahora","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acuerdo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"acuerdo","lemma":"acordarse","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on conozco","gloss":"remember","note":"Ahora que me acuerdo is an idiom meaning 'now that I think of it' (acordarse = to remember, used reflexively)."},{"surface":"conozco","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking impresor","gloss":"personal a","note":"This is the 'personal a', required before a specific human direct object (conozco A un impresor); it has no independent English translation."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of impresor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"impresor","lemma":"impresor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of conozco","gloss":"printer"}]},{"number":258,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p108-s2","source":"El será quien nos haga la circular del Ministerio de Guerra.","translation":"He'll be the one to make us the War Ministry circular.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p108-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quien nos haga","title":"Subjunctive in a relative clause","body":"«será quien nos haga la circular» = 'he will be the one to make us the circular'. The relative clause takes the subjunctive «haga» because its referent is not yet a settled fact — it describes the role he is to fill, not someone already doing it."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of será","gloss":"He","note":"Printed as 'El' (no accent) but functions here as the pronoun 'Él' (he), not the article 'the' — the accent was likely dropped in transcription."},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"quien","lemma":"quien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of será, subject of haga","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of haga","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"haga","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause introduced by quien","gloss":"will make"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of circular","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"circular","lemma":"circular","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of haga","gloss":"circular"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ministerio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Ministerio","lemma":"Ministerio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies circular","gloss":"Ministry"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Guerra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Guerra","lemma":"Guerra","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Ministerio","gloss":"War"}]},{"number":259,"label":"109","id":"la-propuesta-p109-s1","source":"Erdosain paseóse un instante por la habitación.","translation":"Erdosain paced about the room for a moment.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p109-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"paseóse","title":"Enclitic «se» again","body":"«paseóse» is «se paseó» ('he paced, strolled') with the pronoun attached to the verb — Arlt's recurring literary enclitic. The pronominal «pasearse» means 'to walk to and fro, stroll about'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of paseóse","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"paseóse","lemma":"pasearse","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular, reflexive (archaic enclitic se)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"paced","note":"Archaic/literary word order: the reflexive clitic 'se' is attached after the verb (paseó+se) instead of the modern 'se paseó'; it simply means 'paced/walked about'."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instante","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"instante","lemma":"instante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of paseóse (duration)","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking habitación","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of habitación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"habitación","lemma":"habitación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of paseóse","gloss":"room"}]},{"number":260,"label":"110","id":"la-propuesta-p110-s1","source":"–El secuestro es fácil.","translation":"\"The kidnapping is easy.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p110-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of secuestro","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"secuestro","lemma":"secuestro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"kidnapping"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to fácil","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"fácil","lemma":"fácil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"easy"}]},{"number":261,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p110-s2","source":"Usted va a Rosario y con un telegrama pide los baúles.","translation":"You go to Rosario and with a telegram you ask for the trunks.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p110-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of va","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Rosario","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Rosario","lemma":"Rosario","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of va","gloss":"Rosario"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking telegrama","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of telegrama","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"telegrama","lemma":"telegrama","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pide","gloss":"telegram"},{"surface":"pide","lemma":"pedir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with va","gloss":"ask for"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of baúles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"baúles","lemma":"baúl","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of pide","gloss":"trunks"}]},{"number":262,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p110-s3","source":"Lo que ocurre es que cuando uno se encuentra frente a la comisión de un delito...","translation":"The thing is that when one finds oneself faced with the commission of a crime...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p110-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Lo que ocurre es que","title":"«Lo que ocurre es que» = 'the thing is'","body":"«Lo que ocurre es que…» literally 'what happens is that…' is a set frame for 'the thing is…, the trouble is…'. It introduces a complication or qualification — here Erdosain's flicker of hesitation before the deed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of es (head of the headless relative lo que...)","gloss":"The thing"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ocurre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ocurre","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying Lo","gloss":"happens"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the predicate clause of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of encuentra","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of encuentra","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encuentra","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"encuentra","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the cuando-clause (temporal), predicate of es","gloss":"finds"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encuentra","gloss":"faced"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comisión (frente a)","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of comisión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"comisión","lemma":"comisión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of the preposition a (frente a)","gloss":"commission"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking delito","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of delito","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"delito","lemma":"delito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies comisión","gloss":"crime"}]},{"number":263,"label":"111","id":"la-propuesta-p111-s1","source":"–Es que no será el único que cometeremos...","translation":"\"The thing is, it won't be the only one we commit...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p111-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (es que = the thing is)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of será (no será el único...)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies será","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula, main verb of the que-clause (complement of Es)","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of único","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"único","lemma":"único","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of será","gloss":"only one"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of cometeremos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cometeremos","lemma":"cometer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"relative clause modifying único","gloss":"will commit"}]},{"number":264,"label":"112","id":"la-propuesta-p112-s1","source":"–¿Cómo?...","translation":"\"What?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p112-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"What"}]},{"number":265,"label":"113","id":"la-propuesta-p113-s1","source":"–Y claro.","translation":"\"Well, of course.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p113-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Y claro","title":"«Y claro» = 'well, naturally'","body":"«Y claro» is a conversational 'well, of course / naturally, obviously'. It treats what follows as self-evident, the Astrologer brushing aside Erdosain's surprise as if the answer were plain."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"of course"}]},{"number":266,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p113-s2","source":"Otra de las cosas que me preocupa es el mantenimiento del secreto en la sociedad.","translation":"Another of the things that worries me is the keeping of the secret within the society.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p113-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"Another"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cosas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"partitive complement of Otra","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of preocupa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of preocupa","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"preocupa","lemma":"preocupar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying Otra","gloss":"worries"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to mantenimiento","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mantenimiento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mantenimiento","lemma":"mantenimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"keeping"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking secreto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"secreto","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mantenimiento","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mantenimiento","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":267,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p113-s3","source":"Yo había pensado lo siguiente.","translation":"I had thought of the following.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p113-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of pensado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pensado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"pensado","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of pensado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"siguiente","lemma":"siguiente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies lo","gloss":"following"}]},{"number":268,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p113-s4","source":"En cada punto del estado habrá una célula revolucionaria.","translation":"At each point of the state there will be a revolutionary cell.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p113-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking punto","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of punto","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"punto","lemma":"punto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of habrá","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estado","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"estado","lemma":"estado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies punto","gloss":"state"},{"surface":"habrá","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there will be"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of célula","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"célula","lemma":"célula","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of habrá","gloss":"cell"},{"surface":"revolucionaria","lemma":"revolucionario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies célula","gloss":"revolutionary"}]},{"number":269,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p113-s5","source":"El comité central radicará en la capital.","translation":"The central committee will be based in the capital.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p113-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"radicará","title":"«radicar» = 'to be located / based'","body":"«radicar (en)» means 'to be situated, based, or rooted in a place': «el comité central radicará en la capital» = 'the central committee will be based in the capital'. The word shares its root with 'radical' — to take root."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of comité","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"comité","lemma":"comité","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of radicará","gloss":"committee"},{"surface":"central","lemma":"central","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies comité","gloss":"central"},{"surface":"radicará","lemma":"radicar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be based"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capital","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of capital","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"capital","lemma":"capital","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of radicará","gloss":"capital"}]},{"number":270,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p113-s6","source":"Entonces, este comité estaría organizado de la siguiente forma: jefe de capital de provincia, miembro del comité central, jefe del distrito de provincia, miembro del comité de la capital de provincia, jefe de villa principal, miembro del comité del distrito cabeza.","translation":"Then this committee would be organized in the following way: head of the provincial capital, member of the central committee; head of the provincial district, member of the provincial capital's committee; head of the main town, member of the head-district's committee.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p113-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"estaría organizado","title":"Conditional passive for a hypothetical","body":"«estaría organizado» ('would be organized') pairs the conditional of «estar» with a past participle to describe an arrangement that is only proposed, not yet real. The conditional keeps the whole scheme in the realm of the planned and imagined."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies organizado","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of comité","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"comité","lemma":"comité","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of estaría","gloss":"committee"},{"surface":"estaría","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to organizado","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"organizado","lemma":"organizado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"organized"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forma","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"siguiente","lemma":"siguiente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies forma","gloss":"following"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of organizado","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"jefe","lemma":"jefe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to forma","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capital","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"capital","lemma":"capital","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies jefe","gloss":"capital"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking provincia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"provincia","lemma":"provincia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies capital","gloss":"province"},{"surface":"miembro","lemma":"miembro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to jefe","gloss":"member"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comité","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"comité","lemma":"comité","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies miembro","gloss":"committee"},{"surface":"central","lemma":"central","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies comité","gloss":"central"},{"surface":"jefe","lemma":"jefe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to comité","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking distrito","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"distrito","lemma":"distrito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies jefe","gloss":"district"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking provincia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"provincia","lemma":"provincia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies distrito","gloss":"province"},{"surface":"miembro","lemma":"miembro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to distrito","gloss":"member"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comité","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"comité","lemma":"comité","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies miembro","gloss":"committee"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capital","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of capital","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"capital","lemma":"capital","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies comité","gloss":"capital"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking provincia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"provincia","lemma":"provincia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies capital","gloss":"province"},{"surface":"jefe","lemma":"jefe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to comité","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking villa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"villa","lemma":"villa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies jefe","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"principal","lemma":"principal","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies villa","gloss":"main"},{"surface":"miembro","lemma":"miembro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to jefe","gloss":"member"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comité","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"comité","lemma":"comité","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies miembro","gloss":"committee"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking distrito","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"distrito","lemma":"distrito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies comité","gloss":"district"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to distrito","gloss":"head"}]},{"number":271,"label":"114","id":"la-propuesta-p114-s1","source":"–¿No le parece muy complicado a usted?","translation":"\"Doesn't it seem too complicated to you?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p114-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"No le parece","title":"«parecer» + indirect object","body":"«parecer» ('to seem') takes an indirect object for the person to whom something seems so: «¿no le parece muy complicado?» = 'doesn't it seem too complicated to you?'. The fronted «a usted» merely doubles and emphasizes the «le»."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies parece","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parece","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seem"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies complicado","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"complicado","lemma":"complicado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parece","gloss":"complicated"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of parece","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":272,"label":"115","id":"la-propuesta-p115-s1","source":"–No sé, se estudiaría.","translation":"\"I don't know — it would be looked into.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p115-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se estudiaría","title":"Conditional + passive «se»","body":"«se estudiaría» combines the conditional with the passive/impersonal «se»: 'it would be studied / looked into', with no agent named. It leaves open who would do the studying — a vague 'we'd see about it'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of estudiaría","gloss":"itself","note":"Passive se — 'se estudiaría' means 'it would be studied/looked into,' not a true reflexive action."},{"surface":"estudiaría","lemma":"estudiar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"would be looked into"}]},{"number":273,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p115-s2","source":"Otros detalles de organización que se me han ocurrido son: cada célula dispondrá de un transmisor y receptor radiotelegráfico, siendo además obligación que cada diez asociados adquieran un automóvil, diez fusiles, dos ametralladoras, debiendo a su vez cien miembros costear el precio de un aeroplano de guerra, bombas, etc., etc.","translation":"Other organizational details that have occurred to me are: each cell will have a radiotelegraph transmitter and receiver, it being further obligatory that every ten members acquire an automobile, ten rifles, two machine guns, while in turn every hundred members are to cover the cost of a war airplane, bombs, etc., etc.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p115-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"siendo... debiendo","title":"Gerunds for stacked conditions","body":"The gerunds «siendo» ('being') and «debiendo» ('having to') append further clauses in a clipped, administrative style: «siendo obligación que…» = 'it being obligatory that…', «debiendo cien miembros costear…» = 'every hundred members being obliged to cover…'. It reads like a bureaucratic decree — fitting for the fantastical bylaws the Astrologer reels off."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"que... adquieran","title":"Subjunctive after «es obligación que»","body":"An expression of necessity like «es obligación que» governs the subjunctive: «que cada diez asociados adquieran…» = 'that every ten members acquire…'. The subjunctive «adquieran» (from «adquirir») states what is required rather than what is the case."}],"words":[{"surface":"Otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of detalles","gloss":"Other"},{"surface":"detalles","lemma":"detalle","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"details"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking organización","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"organización","lemma":"organización","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies detalles","gloss":"organization"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ocurrido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ocurrido","gloss":"itself","note":"Part of the idiom ocurrírsele — 'to occur to someone.'"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of ocurrido","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of ocurrido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ocurrido","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying detalles","gloss":"occurred"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of célula","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"célula","lemma":"célula","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of dispondrá","gloss":"cell"},{"surface":"dispondrá","lemma":"disponer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"predicate of son","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking transmisor","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of transmisor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"transmisor","lemma":"transmisor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dispondrá","gloss":"transmitter"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"receptor","lemma":"receptor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with transmisor","gloss":"receiver"},{"surface":"radiotelegráfico","lemma":"radiotelegráfico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies receptor","gloss":"radiotelegraph"},{"surface":"siendo","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, gerund","role":"copula linking to obligación","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies obligación","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"obligación","lemma":"obligación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of siendo","gloss":"obligation"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of adquieran","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of asociados","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"diez","lemma":"diez","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies asociados","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"asociados","lemma":"asociado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of adquieran","gloss":"members"},{"surface":"adquieran","lemma":"adquirir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying obligación","gloss":"acquire"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of automóvil","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"automóvil","lemma":"automóvil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of adquieran","gloss":"automobile"},{"surface":"diez","lemma":"diez","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies fusiles","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"fusiles","lemma":"fusil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with automóvil","gloss":"rifles"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies ametralladoras","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ametralladoras","lemma":"ametralladora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with automóvil","gloss":"machine guns"},{"surface":"debiendo","lemma":"deber","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with siendo","gloss":"being obliged"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vez","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial phrase modifying costear","gloss":"turn","note":"Fixed phrase 'a su vez' means 'in turn.'"},{"surface":"cien","lemma":"cien","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies miembros","gloss":"hundred"},{"surface":"miembros","lemma":"miembro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of costear","gloss":"members"},{"surface":"costear","lemma":"costear","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of debiendo","gloss":"cover"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of precio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"precio","lemma":"precio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of costear","gloss":"cost"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aeroplano","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aeroplano","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"aeroplano","lemma":"aeroplano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies precio","gloss":"airplane"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking guerra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"guerra","lemma":"guerra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies aeroplano","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"bombas","lemma":"bomba","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with aeroplano","gloss":"bombs"}]},{"number":274,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p115-s3","source":"Los ascensos serán por disposición del consejo superior, las elecciones de categoría inferior se regirán por votaciones calificadas.","translation":"Promotions will be by order of the higher council; elections to the lower ranks will be governed by qualified votes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p115-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ascensos","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"ascensos","lemma":"ascenso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of serán","gloss":"promotions"},{"surface":"serán","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to disposición","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking disposición","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"disposición","lemma":"disposición","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking consejo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"consejo","lemma":"consejo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies disposición","gloss":"council"},{"surface":"superior","lemma":"superior","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies consejo","gloss":"higher"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of elecciones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"elecciones","lemma":"elección","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of regirán","gloss":"elections"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking categoría","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"categoría","lemma":"categoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies elecciones","gloss":"rank"},{"surface":"inferior","lemma":"inferior","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies categoría","gloss":"lower"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of regirán","gloss":"itself","note":"Passive se — 'regirse por' means 'to be governed by.'"},{"surface":"regirán","lemma":"regir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"will be governed"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking votaciones","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"votaciones","lemma":"votación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of regirán","gloss":"votes"},{"surface":"calificadas","lemma":"calificado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies votaciones","gloss":"qualified"}]},{"number":275,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p115-s4","source":"Pero es hora de acostarse.","translation":"But it's time to go to bed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p115-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to hora","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"hora","lemma":"hora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of acostarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"acostarse","lemma":"acostar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying hora","gloss":"to go to bed"}]},{"number":276,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p115-s5","source":"Dentro de un rato tiene tren... ¿o se quiere quedar a dormir aquí?","translation":"In a little while you have a train... or do you want to stay and sleep here?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p115-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dentro de un rato","title":"«dentro de» for future time","body":"«dentro de» plus a time span means 'in / within (so much time from now)': «dentro de un rato» = 'in a little while'. Do not read it as 'inside' here — with a stretch of time it points forward to the future."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dentro","lemma":"dentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rato","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rato","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rato","lemma":"rato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Dentro","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"tren","lemma":"tren","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"train"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of quedar","gloss":"itself","note":"Part of the reflexive verb quedarse — 'to stay.'"},{"surface":"quiere","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"quedar","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiere","gloss":"to stay"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dormir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dormir","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quedar","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dormir","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":277,"label":"116","id":"la-propuesta-p116-s1","source":"En realidad Erdosain no tenía nada que hacer.","translation":"In truth Erdosain had nothing to do.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p116-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"nada que hacer","title":"«tener (algo/nada) que + infinitive»","body":"«tener que + infinitive» normally means 'to have to', but with a noun before «que» it means 'to have (something) to do': «no tenía nada que hacer» = 'he had nothing to do'. The «que» links the thing to the action one would perform with it."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking realidad","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tenía","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of tenía","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tenía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying nada","gloss":"do"}]},{"number":278,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p116-s2","source":"Ya el reloj había dado las tres de la mañana y las palabras que pronunciara el Astrólogo pasaron por su entendimiento, casi borrosas.","translation":"The clock had already struck three in the morning, and the words the Astrologer had spoken passed through his mind, almost blurred.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p116-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que pronunciara","title":"«-ra» form as a pluperfect","body":"«las palabras que pronunciara el Astrólogo» = 'the words the Astrologer had spoken'. In literary prose the «-ra» form («pronunciara») can revive its old value as a plain pluperfect indicative, equal to «había pronunciado» — a flavor of older, formal Spanish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dado","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of reloj","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"reloj","lemma":"reloj","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dado","gloss":"clock"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"dado","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of tres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"direct object of dado","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mañana","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mañana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tres","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of pasaron","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of pronunciara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pronunciara","lemma":"pronunciar","morphology":"verb, pluperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying palabras","gloss":"had spoken","note":"Literary -ra form used here as a pluperfect indicative ('had spoken'), not a subjunctive — common in narrative prose."},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of pronunciara","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"pasaron","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with dado","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking entendimiento","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of entendimiento","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"entendimiento","lemma":"entendimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasaron","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies borrosas","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"borrosas","lemma":"borroso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies palabras","gloss":"blurred"}]},{"number":279,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p116-s3","source":"No le interesaba nada.","translation":"Nothing interested him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p116-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies interesaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of interesaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"interesaba","lemma":"interesar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"interested"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of interesaba","gloss":"nothing"}]},{"number":280,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p116-s4","source":"Quería irse, eso era todo.","translation":"He wanted to leave, that was all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p116-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quería","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"irse","lemma":"ir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Quería","gloss":"to leave"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to todo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of era","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":281,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p116-s5","source":"Irse lejos.","translation":"To go far away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p116-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Irse","lemma":"ir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"To go"},{"surface":"lejos","lemma":"lejos","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Irse","gloss":"far away"}]},{"number":282,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p116-s6","source":"Estrechó la mano del otro; el Astrólogo lo despidió en la gradinata y Erdosain, agobiado, cruzó la quinta.","translation":"He shook the other man's hand; the Astrologer saw him off at the front steps, and Erdosain, weighed down, crossed the grounds.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p116-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la quinta","title":"«quinta» — a country house and its grounds","body":"A «quinta» is a country house or villa set in its own grounds on the edge of town. The Astrologer's «quinta», out past the city, is the lonely, walled-off setting for the whole conspiracy — far enough that no one hears."}],"words":[{"surface":"Estrechó","lemma":"estrechar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Estrechó","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mano","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of despidió","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of despidió","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"despidió","lemma":"despedir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"saw off"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gradinata","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gradinata","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gradinata","lemma":"gradinata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of despidió","gloss":"front steps","note":"Italianism (from gradinata, 'terraced steps'), reflecting the Italian-immigrant speech of 1920s Buenos Aires."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of cruzó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"agobiado","lemma":"agobiado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Erdosain","gloss":"weighed down"},{"surface":"cruzó","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the third clause","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quinta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quinta","lemma":"quinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cruzó","gloss":"grounds"}]},{"number":283,"label":"","id":"la-propuesta-p116-s7","source":"Cuando volvió la cabeza en las tinieblas, la ventana iluminada ponía un rectángulo amarillo suspendido en el centro de la oscuridad.","translation":"When he turned his head back in the darkness, the lit window set a yellow rectangle hanging in the center of the blackness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-propuesta-p116-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of volvió","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on ponía","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of volvió","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tinieblas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of tinieblas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tinieblas","lemma":"tiniebla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of volvió","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ventana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ventana","lemma":"ventana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ponía","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"iluminada","lemma":"iluminado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ventana","gloss":"lit"},{"surface":"ponía","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rectángulo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rectángulo","lemma":"rectángulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ponía","gloss":"rectangle"},{"surface":"amarillo","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rectángulo","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"suspendido","lemma":"suspendido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rectángulo","gloss":"hanging"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking centro","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of centro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"centro","lemma":"centro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of suspendido","gloss":"center"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oscuridad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of oscuridad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oscuridad","lemma":"oscuridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies centro","gloss":"blackness"}]}]}