{"work":{"slug":"arlt","title":{"source":"Los siete locos","translated":"The Seven Madmen"},"author":"Roberto Arlt","language":"Spanish","languageCode":"es","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"la-vida-interior","title":{"source":"La vida interior","translated":"The Inner Life"},"section":"Part Two","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/la-vida-interior","lines":55},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/dos-almas","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/un-crimen","license":"Source text: public domain (Roberto Arlt, d. 1942). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: this is a minimal seed excerpt to make the app target runnable; full verified content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"la-vida-interior-p1-s1","source":"–¡Sí había soñado!","translation":"Yes, she had dreamed!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"había soñado","title":"Pluperfect: «había» + participle","body":"«había soñado» is the pluperfect ('she had dreamed'): the imperfect of «haber» plus a past participle. It names something already complete before the present of the narration, opening the chapter on a life looked back upon."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphatic adverb modifying soñado","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of soñado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"soñado","lemma":"soñar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dreamed"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"la-vida-interior-p2-s1","source":"Días hubo en que se imaginó un encuentro sensacional, algún hombre que le hablara de las selvas y tuviera en su casa un león domesticado.","translation":"There were days when she imagined a sensational encounter, some man who would speak to her of the jungles and keep a tamed lion in his house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que le hablara… y tuviera","title":"Imperfect subjunctive after an unreal antecedent","body":"«hablara» and «tuviera» are imperfect subjunctives. They follow «algún hombre que…» ('some man who…') because the man is only wished for, not real — Spanish uses the subjunctive for a person or thing whose existence is hypothetical."}],"words":[{"surface":"Días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of hubo","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"hubo","lemma":"haber","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of imaginó","gloss":"when","note":"'En que' together mean 'when' (temporal relative clause)."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of imaginó","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of imaginó","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"imaginó","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying Días","gloss":"imagined"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of encuentro","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"encuentro","lemma":"encuentro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of imaginó","gloss":"encounter"},{"surface":"sensacional","lemma":"sensacional","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies encuentro","gloss":"sensational"},{"surface":"algún","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to encuentro","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hablara","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hablara","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"hablara","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"would speak"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking selvas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of selvas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"selvas","lemma":"selva","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of de, complement of hablara","gloss":"jungles"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tuviera","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with hablara","gloss":"would keep"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tuviera","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of león","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"león","lemma":"león","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tuviera","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"domesticado","lemma":"domesticado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies león","gloss":"tamed"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p2-s2","source":"Su abrazo sería infatigable y ella lo amaría como una esclava; entonces encontraría placer en depilarse por él los sobacos y pintarse los senos.","translation":"His embrace would be tireless and she would love him like a slave; then she would take pleasure in shaving her armpits for him and painting her breasts.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p2-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sería / amaría / encontraría","title":"The conditional for an imagined future","body":"These «-ría» forms are the conditional ('would be', 'would love', 'would find'). Spanish uses the conditional to paint a daydreamed, never-realized future — exactly the imaginary life Hipólita keeps rehearsing in her head."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"depilarse / pintarse","title":"Pronominal verbs of grooming","body":"«depilarse los sobacos» and «pintarse los senos» use the reflexive «se» for acts done to one's own body: 'to shave her armpits', 'to paint her breasts'. Spanish takes the reflexive and a plain article where English would say 'her' — the body part is understood to be the subject's own."}],"words":[{"surface":"Su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of abrazo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"abrazo","lemma":"abrazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of infatigable","gloss":"embrace"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to infatigable","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"infatigable","lemma":"infatigable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tireless"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of amaría","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of amaría","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"amaría","lemma":"amar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sería","gloss":"would love"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with esclava","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of esclava","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"esclava","lemma":"esclava","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of amaría","gloss":"slave"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encontraría","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"encontraría","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause after the semicolon","gloss":"would take"},{"surface":"placer","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of encontraría","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of depilarse","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"depilarse","lemma":"depilar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"object of en, complement of encontraría","gloss":"shaving","note":"'Depilarse los sobacos' uses the reflexive plus definite article for body-part possession — literally 'shave the armpits [for oneself]', i.e. her armpits."},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of depilarse","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sobacos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sobacos","lemma":"sobaco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of depilarse","gloss":"armpits"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pintarse","lemma":"pintar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with depilarse","gloss":"painting"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of senos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"senos","lemma":"seno","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of pintarse","gloss":"breasts"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p2-s3","source":"Disfrazada de muchacho recorría con él las ruinas donde duermen las escolopendras y los pueblos donde los negros tienen sus cabañas en la horqueta de los árboles.","translation":"Disguised as a boy, she would roam with him the ruins where the centipedes sleep and the villages where the black men keep their huts in the forks of the trees.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p2-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"recorría","title":"Imperfect for a recurring daydream","body":"«recorría» is the imperfect ('she would roam / used to roam'). The imperfect carries habitual, repeated, or open-ended past action — here the endlessly replayed fantasy rather than a single trip."}],"words":[{"surface":"Disfrazada","lemma":"disfrazado","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"predicative participle describing the subject of recorría","gloss":"disguised"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muchacho","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"muchacho","lemma":"muchacho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, complement of Disfrazada","gloss":"boy"},{"surface":"recorría","lemma":"recorrer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would roam"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of recorría","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ruinas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ruinas","lemma":"ruina","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of recorría","gloss":"ruins"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of duermen","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"duermen","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying ruinas","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of escolopendras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"escolopendras","lemma":"escolopendra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of duermen","gloss":"centipedes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pueblos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pueblos","lemma":"pueblo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with ruinas, direct object of recorría","gloss":"villages"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of tienen","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of negros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"negros","lemma":"negro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of tienen","gloss":"black men"},{"surface":"tienen","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying pueblos","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of cabañas","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"cabañas","lemma":"cabaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tienen","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horqueta","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of horqueta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"horqueta","lemma":"horqueta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tienen","gloss":"fork"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking árboles","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of árboles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"árboles","lemma":"árbol","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies horqueta","gloss":"trees"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p2-s4","source":"Pero en ninguna parte había encontrado leones, sino perros pulguientos, y los caballeros más aventureros eran cruzados del tenedor y místicos de la olla.","translation":"But nowhere had she found lions, only flea-bitten dogs, and the most adventurous gentlemen were crusaders of the fork and mystics of the cooking pot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p2-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no… sino","title":"«no… sino» = 'not… but rather'","body":"«sino» corrects a negative: «no… leones, sino perros pulguientos» = 'not lions, but rather flea-bitten dogs'. Use «sino» (not «pero») when the second part replaces what the negative denied."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies encontrado","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parte","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ninguna","lemma":"ninguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of parte","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encontrado","gloss":"place","note":"'En ninguna parte' means 'nowhere.'"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of encontrado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"encontrado","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"leones","lemma":"león","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of encontrado","gloss":"lions"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"perros","lemma":"perro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with leones","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"pulguientos","lemma":"pulguiento","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies perros","gloss":"flea-bitten"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of caballeros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caballeros","lemma":"caballero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of eran","gloss":"gentlemen"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aventureros","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"aventureros","lemma":"aventurero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies caballeros","gloss":"adventurous"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to cruzados","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"cruzados","lemma":"cruzado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate noun of eran","gloss":"crusaders"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tenedor","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"tenedor","lemma":"tenedor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cruzados","gloss":"fork"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"místicos","lemma":"místico","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with cruzados, predicate noun of eran","gloss":"mystics"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking olla","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of olla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"olla","lemma":"olla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies místicos","gloss":"cooking pot"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p2-s5","source":"Se apartó con asco de estas vidas estúpidas.","translation":"She turned away in disgust from these stupid lives.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p2-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se apartó","title":"Preterite for the finished act","body":"«se apartó» is the preterite ('she turned away'), a single completed action that breaks off the long imperfect daydreaming of the paragraph. The pronominal «apartarse» means 'to move away / withdraw'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of apartó","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"apartó","lemma":"apartar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned away"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking asco","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"asco","lemma":"asco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apartó","gloss":"disgust"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vidas","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"estas","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of vidas","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"vidas","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of de, complement of apartó","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"estúpidas","lemma":"estúpido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies vidas","gloss":"stupid"}]},{"number":7,"label":"3","id":"la-vida-interior-p3-s1","source":"En el transcurso de los días los raros personajes de novela que había encontrado, no eran tan interesantes como en la novela, sino que aquellos caracteres que los hacían nítidos en la novela eran precisamente los aspectos odiosos que los tornaban repulsivos en la vida.","translation":"As the days passed, the strange novelistic figures she had met were not as interesting as in a novel; rather, the very traits that made them vivid in a novel were precisely the hateful aspects that turned them repulsive in real life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tornaban","title":"«tornar» = 'to turn / make'","body":"«tornar» here means 'to turn (something into) / make': «los tornaban repulsivos» = 'made them repulsive'. It is a more literary synonym of «volver» or «hacer», and Arlt favors it."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking transcurso","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of transcurso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"transcurso","lemma":"transcurso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of En, modifies eran","gloss":"course"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking días","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of días","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies transcurso","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of personajes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"raros","lemma":"raro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies personajes","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"personajes","lemma":"personaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of eran","gloss":"figures"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking novela","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"novela","lemma":"novela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies personajes","gloss":"novel"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of encontrado","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of encontrado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"encontrado","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying personajes","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies interesantes","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to interesantes","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies interesantes","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"interesantes","lemma":"interesante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"interesting"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of novela","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking novela","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of novela","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"novela","lemma":"novela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of interesantes","gloss":"novel"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase sino","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"aquellos","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of caracteres","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"caracteres","lemma":"carácter","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of eran","gloss":"traits"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hacían","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hacían","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"hacían","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying caracteres","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"nítidos","lemma":"nítido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"object complement of hacían (predicate of los)","gloss":"vivid"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking novela","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of novela","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"novela","lemma":"novela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hacían","gloss":"novel"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to aspectos","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"precisamente","lemma":"precisamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aspectos","gloss":"precisely"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of aspectos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aspectos","lemma":"aspecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate noun of eran, complement of caracteres","gloss":"aspects"},{"surface":"odiosos","lemma":"odioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies aspectos","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tornaban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tornaban","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"tornaban","lemma":"tornar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying aspectos","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"repulsivos","lemma":"repulsivo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"object complement of tornaban (predicate of los)","gloss":"repulsive"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tornaban","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p3-s2","source":"Y, sin embargo, se les había entregado.","translation":"And yet she had given herself to them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p3-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se les había entregado","title":"Reflexive «entregarse a»","body":"«entregarse a alguien» is 'to give oneself to someone'. The reflexive «se» is Hipólita giving herself; «les» marks the men she gave herself to. The pluperfect «había entregado» places it before the disillusion just described."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies entregado","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies entregado","gloss":"yet","note":"'Sin embargo' together mean 'however/yet' — a fixed transitional phrase."},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase sin","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of entregado","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of entregado","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of entregado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"entregado","lemma":"entregar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"given"}]},{"number":9,"label":"4","id":"la-vida-interior-p4-s1","source":"Mas, ya saciados, se apartaban de ella como si se sintieran humillados de haberle ofrecido el espectáculo de su debilidad.","translation":"But, once sated, they would draw away from her as if they felt humiliated at having offered her the spectacle of their weakness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si se sintieran","title":"«como si» + imperfect subjunctive","body":"«como si» ('as if') always takes the imperfect (or pluperfect) subjunctive: «como si se sintieran humillados» = 'as if they felt humiliated'. The clause states something contrary to fact or merely apparent."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Mas","title":"«mas» = 'but' (literary)","body":"«mas» (no accent) is a literary 'but', equivalent to «pero». It is not «más» ('more'), which carries an accent. Arlt uses it to lift the register of the narration."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence, modifies apartaban","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies saciados","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"saciados","lemma":"saciado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicative participle describing the subject of apartaban","gloss":"sated"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of apartaban","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"apartaban","lemma":"apartar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would draw away"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ella","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apartaban","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sintieran","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sintieran","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sintieran","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"sintieran","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on apartaban","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"humillados","lemma":"humillado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate adjective of sintieran","gloss":"humiliated"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ofrecido","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"haberle","lemma":"haber él","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of ofrecido","gloss":"having","note":"The dative clitic 'le' ('to her') is fused onto the infinitive haber."},{"surface":"ofrecido","lemma":"ofrecer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying humillados","gloss":"offered"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espectáculo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espectáculo","lemma":"espectáculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ofrecido","gloss":"spectacle"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking debilidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of debilidad","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"debilidad","lemma":"debilidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies espectáculo","gloss":"weakness"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p4-s2","source":"Ahora se sumergía en la esterilidad de su vivir igual a un arenal geográficamente explorado.","translation":"Now she sank into the sterility of her living, like a sand flat already mapped by geographers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p4-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sumergía","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sumergía","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"sumergía","lemma":"sumergir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esterilidad","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of esterilidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esterilidad","lemma":"esterilidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sumergía","gloss":"sterility"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vivir","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vivir","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"vivir","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying esterilidad","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"igual","lemma":"igual","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vivir, introduces the comparison with arenal","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arenal","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of arenal","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"arenal","lemma":"arenal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of a, complement of igual","gloss":"sand flat"},{"surface":"geográficamente","lemma":"geográficamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies explorado","gloss":"geographically"},{"surface":"explorado","lemma":"explorado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies arenal","gloss":"explored"}]},{"number":11,"label":"5","id":"la-vida-interior-p5-s1","source":"Así como era imposible transmutar el plomo en oro, así era imposible transformar el alma del hombre.","translation":"Just as it was impossible to transmute lead into gold, so it was impossible to transform the soul of man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Así como… así","title":"«así como… así» = 'just as… so'","body":"«Así como X, así (también) Y» sets up a parallel: 'just as X, so Y'. Here lead-into-gold mirrors changing the human soul — both pronounced impossible, an alchemy metaphor that runs through Arlt."}],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies imposible","gloss":"just as","note":"'Así como' together mean 'just as.'"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Así","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to imposible","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"imposible","lemma":"imposible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective of era","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"transmutar","lemma":"transmutar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on imposible","gloss":"to transmute"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of plomo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plomo","lemma":"plomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of transmutar","gloss":"lead"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of en, complement of transmutar","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlative with the opening Así como","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"it was"},{"surface":"imposible","lemma":"imposible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"transformar","lemma":"transformar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on imposible","gloss":"to transform"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of transformar","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":12,"label":"6","id":"la-vida-interior-p6-s1","source":"Cuántas veces había caído desnuda entre los brazos de un desconocido y le había dicho: «¿No te gustaría ir al África?»","translation":"How many times had she fallen naked into the arms of a stranger and said to him: \"Wouldn't you like to go to Africa?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿No te gustaría…?","title":"«gustar» in the conditional","body":"«gustar» works backwards: the thing liked is the subject and the person is an indirect object. «¿No te gustaría ir…?» = literally 'Would going not be pleasing to you?', i.e. 'Wouldn't you like to go…?'. The conditional «gustaría» softens it into a wistful invitation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuántas","lemma":"cuántas","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of caído","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of caído","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"caído","lemma":"caer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"desnuda","lemma":"desnudo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicative adjective describing the subject of caído","gloss":"naked"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazos","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of caído","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desconocido","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of desconocido","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"desconocido","lemma":"desconocido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies brazos","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dicho","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dicho","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"dicho","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with caído","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gustaría","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of gustaría","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"gustaría","lemma":"gustar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of dicho","gloss":"would like"},{"surface":"ir","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on gustaría","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking África","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"África","lemma":"África","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of ir","gloss":"Africa"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p6-s2","source":"El otro respingó como si a su lado hubiera silbado un crótalo.","translation":"The other man flinched as if a rattlesnake had hissed at his side.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p6-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como sí… hubiera silbado","title":"«como si» + pluperfect subjunctive","body":"«como si» plus the pluperfect subjunctive «hubiera silbado» = 'as if a rattlesnake had hissed'. The pluperfect subjunctive sets the imagined event before the man's flinch — a vivid contrary-to-fact comparison."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of respingó","gloss":"other one"},{"surface":"respingó","lemma":"respingar","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flinched"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"forms 'como si' (as if) with sí, introduces the clause of hubiera","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hubiera (as if)","gloss":"if","note":"Written with an accent here (sí) but functions as the conditional 'si' in the fixed construction 'como si' + subjunctive = 'as if.'"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lado","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of lado","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"lado","lemma":"lado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of silbado","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of silbado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"silbado","lemma":"silbar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by como si","gloss":"hissed"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crótalo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"crótalo","lemma":"crótalo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of silbado","gloss":"rattlesnake"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p6-s3","source":"Y entonces tenía la impresión de que esos cuerpos armados de huesos, devanados en músculos, eran más débiles que los de los tiernos infantes, más asustadizos que los niños en el bosque.","translation":"And then she had the impression that those bodies armed with bones, wound about with muscle, were weaker than those of tender infants, more easily frightened than children in the forest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p6-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"más débiles que / más asustadizos que","title":"Comparisons with «más… que»","body":"«más + adjective + que» is the basic 'more… than': «más débiles que los de los infantes» = 'weaker than those of infants'. «los de» stands in for the repeated noun ('those of'), avoiding repeating «cuerpos»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tenía","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impresión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"impresión","lemma":"impresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"impression"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"forms complementizer 'de que' with que, introduces the clause modifying impresión","gloss":"that","note":"'de que' here is the complementizer 'that' introducing impresión's clausal complement, not literally 'of.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of eran","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cuerpos","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"cuerpos","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of eran","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"armados","lemma":"armado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cuerpos","gloss":"armed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huesos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"huesos","lemma":"hueso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of armados","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"devanados","lemma":"devanado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cuerpos","gloss":"wound about"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking músculos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"músculos","lemma":"músculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of devanados","gloss":"muscle"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to débiles","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies débiles","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"débiles","lemma":"débil","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"predicate complement of eran","gloss":"weak"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison, links débiles to los","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"object of comparison introduced by que (= those bodies)","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking infantes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of infantes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiernos","lemma":"tierno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies infantes","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"infantes","lemma":"infante","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of los","gloss":"infants"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies asustadizos","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"asustadizos","lemma":"asustadizo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of eran, coordinated with débiles","gloss":"easily frightened"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with niños","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of niños","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"niños","lemma":"niño","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of comparison (compared with cuerpos)","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bosque","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bosque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bosque","lemma":"bosque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of niños","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":15,"label":"7","id":"la-vida-interior-p7-s1","source":"Las mujeres le eran odiosas.","translation":"Women were hateful to her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le eran odiosas","title":"«ser odioso a alguien»","body":"Like «gustar», this is built backwards: «las mujeres le eran odiosas» = 'women were hateful to her', with «le» marking the person to whom they were hateful. The adjective «odiosas» agrees with «mujeres», the grammatical subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"Las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mujeres","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"mujeres","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of eran","gloss":"Women"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of eran (dative experiencer)","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to odiosas","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"odiosas","lemma":"odioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of eran","gloss":"hateful"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p7-s2","source":"Las veía abatirse bajo la sensualidad de los machos para ofrecer por todas partes la fealdad de sus vientres hinchados.","translation":"She watched them sink under the sensuality of the males, only to display everywhere the ugliness of their swollen bellies.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p7-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Las veía abatirse","title":"Perception verb + infinitive","body":"«ver» (to see) takes a direct object plus an infinitive: «las veía abatirse» = 'she saw them sink / collapse'. The reflexive infinitive «abatirse» means 'to be cast down, to give way'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Las","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of veía","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"veía","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"abatirse","lemma":"abatir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of veía","gloss":"sink"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sensualidad","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sensualidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sensualidad","lemma":"sensualidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of abatirse","gloss":"sensuality"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking machos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of machos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"machos","lemma":"macho","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies sensualidad","gloss":"males"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the purpose clause of ofrecer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ofrecer","lemma":"ofrecer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on abatirse","gloss":"display"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking partes","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of partes","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"partes","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ofrecer","gloss":"parts","note":"'por todas partes' is a fixed idiom meaning 'everywhere.'"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fealdad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fealdad","lemma":"fealdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ofrecer","gloss":"ugliness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vientres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vientres","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"vientres","lemma":"vientre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fealdad","gloss":"bellies"},{"surface":"hinchados","lemma":"hinchado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies vientres","gloss":"swollen"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p7-s3","source":"Tenían exclusivamente capacidad para el sufrimiento, éste era un mundo de gente fatigada, fantasmas apenas despiertos que apestaban a tierra con su grávida somnolencia, como en las primeras edades los monstruos perezosos y gigantescos.","translation":"They had a capacity for suffering and nothing else; this was a world of weary people, ghosts barely awake who stank of earth with their heavy drowsiness, as in the first ages of the world the lazy, gigantic monsters did.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p7-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"apestaban a tierra","title":"«apestar a» = 'to reek of'","body":"«apestar a» means 'to stink / reek of (something)': «apestaban a tierra» = 'they stank of earth'. The preposition «a» introduces the smell, as «oler a» ('to smell of') does."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tenían","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"exclusivamente","lemma":"exclusivamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies capacidad","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"capacidad","lemma":"capacidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Tenían","gloss":"capacity"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sufrimiento","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sufrimiento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sufrimiento","lemma":"sufrimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies capacidad","gloss":"suffering"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to mundo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gente","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"fatigada","lemma":"fatigado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gente","gloss":"weary"},{"surface":"fantasmas","lemma":"fantasma","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to gente","gloss":"ghosts"},{"surface":"apenas","lemma":"apenas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies despiertos","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"despiertos","lemma":"despierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fantasmas","gloss":"awake"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of apestaban","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"apestaban","lemma":"apestar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying fantasmas","gloss":"stank"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apestaban","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking somnolencia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of somnolencia","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"grávida","lemma":"grávido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies somnolencia","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"somnolencia","lemma":"somnolencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apestaban (via con)","gloss":"drowsiness"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison clause","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking edades","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of edades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"primeras","lemma":"primero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies edades","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"edades","lemma":"edad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of preposition en, in the comparison clause introduced by como","gloss":"ages"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of monstruos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"monstruos","lemma":"monstruo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of the elliptical verb in the comparison clause introduced by como","gloss":"monsters"},{"surface":"perezosos","lemma":"perezoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies monstruos","gloss":"lazy"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gigantescos","lemma":"gigantesco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with perezosos","gloss":"gigantic"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p7-s4","source":"De allí que toda su alma voladora se sintiera aplastada por la inutilidad de los prójimos.","translation":"Hence her whole soaring soul felt crushed by the uselessness of her fellow creatures.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p7-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"De allí que… se sintiera","title":"«de allí que» + subjunctive","body":"«de allí que» means 'hence / that is why' and triggers the subjunctive: «de allí que… se sintiera aplastada» = 'hence her soul felt crushed'. The construction draws a consequence from what came before."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking allí","gloss":"From"},{"surface":"allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of preposition De, forms the idiom 'de allí que' (hence)","gloss":"there","note":"'de allí que' is a fixed expression meaning 'hence' / 'that is why.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sintiera","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sintiera","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"voladora","lemma":"volador","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"soaring"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sintiera","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"sintiera","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by que","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"aplastada","lemma":"aplastado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sintiera (sentirse + adjective)","gloss":"crushed"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inutilidad","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of inutilidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"inutilidad","lemma":"inutilidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aplastada","gloss":"uselessness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prójimos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of prójimos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"prójimos","lemma":"prójimo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies inutilidad","gloss":"fellow creatures"}]},{"number":19,"label":"8","id":"la-vida-interior-p8-s1","source":"Porque Hipólita hubiera querido moverse en un universo menos denso, un mundo liviano como una pompa de jabón donde la materia no estuviera sometida a la gravedad, y se imaginaba la dicha riente de recorrer todas las veredas del planeta metamorfoseaba a su voluntad y dándole a los días la realidad de un juego que compensara aquel que su niñez había carecido.","translation":"For Hipólita would have liked to move in a less dense universe, a world light as a soap bubble where matter was not subject to gravity, and she imagined the laughing joy of wandering all the sidewalks of the planet transformed at her will and giving the days the reality of a game to make up for the one her childhood had lacked.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hubiera querido","title":"«hubiera querido» = 'would have liked'","body":"«hubiera querido moverse» is the pluperfect subjunctive used for an unreal wish: 'she would have liked to move'. It marks a longing that reality never allowed — the keynote of Hipólita's whole inner life."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"veredas","title":"«vereda» = 'sidewalk' (River Plate)","body":"In Argentine and Uruguayan Spanish a «vereda» is the sidewalk (called «acera» elsewhere). The River Plate vocabulary roots this cosmic daydream in the concrete streets of Buenos Aires."}],"words":[{"surface":"Porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of querido","gloss":"For"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of querido","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of querido","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"querido","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"liked"},{"surface":"moverse","lemma":"mover él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of querido","gloss":"to move"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking universo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of universo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"universo","lemma":"universo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of moverse","gloss":"universe"},{"surface":"menos","lemma":"menos","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies denso","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"denso","lemma":"denso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies universo","gloss":"dense"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to universo","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"liviano","lemma":"liviano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison of pompa","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pompa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pompa","lemma":"pompa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of comparison introduced by como, modifies liviano","gloss":"bubble"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jabón","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"jabón","lemma":"jabón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pompa","gloss":"soap"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the relative clause modifying mundo","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of materia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"materia","lemma":"materia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of estuviera","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sometida","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"estuviera","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sometida","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sometida","lemma":"sometido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estuviera, describes materia","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gravedad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gravedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gravedad","lemma":"gravedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sometida","gloss":"gravity"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of imaginaba","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"imaginaba","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with querido","gloss":"imagined"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of dicha","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dicha","lemma":"dicha","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of imaginaba","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"riente","lemma":"riente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies dicha","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of recorrer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"recorrer","lemma":"recorrer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of dicha","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veredas","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veredas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"veredas","lemma":"vereda","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of recorrer","gloss":"sidewalks"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking planeta","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"planeta","lemma":"planeta","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies veredas","gloss":"planet"},{"surface":"metamorfoseaba","lemma":"metamorfosear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"describes planeta; adjectival despite finite verb form (see note), not a coordinate main verb with imaginaba","gloss":"transformed","note":"Grammar shifts mid-sentence — this finite verb form reads like a participle describing the planet remade to her will; translated adjectivally to match the sense, typical of Arlt's dense run-on prose."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voluntad","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of voluntad","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"voluntad","lemma":"voluntad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of metamorfoseaba","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dándole","lemma":"dar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with metamorfoseaba","gloss":"giving"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking días","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of días","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"indirect object of dándole","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of realidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dándole","gloss":"reality"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking juego","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of juego","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"juego","lemma":"juego","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies realidad","gloss":"game"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of compensara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"compensara","lemma":"compensar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying juego","gloss":"made up for"},{"surface":"aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of compensara","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the relative clause modifying aquel (object of carecido)","gloss":"that","note":"'carecer' normally takes 'de' (carecer de algo, 'to lack something'); here used transitively without it."},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of niñez","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"niñez","lemma":"niñez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of carecido","gloss":"childhood"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of carecido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"carecido","lemma":"carecer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by que","gloss":"lacked"}]},{"number":20,"label":"9","id":"la-vida-interior-p9-s1","source":"Todo le había sido negado cuando pequeña.","translation":"Everything had been denied her when she was little.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le había sido negado","title":"Passive in the pluperfect","body":"«le había sido negado» is a passive ('had been denied to her'): «ser» + past participle, here in the pluperfect. «le» marks the person deprived; «negado» agrees with «todo». The phrasing keeps the denier faceless — life itself withheld everything."}],"words":[{"surface":"Todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of negado","gloss":"Everything"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of negado","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of negado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sido","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"auxiliary of negado","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"negado","lemma":"negar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"denied"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pequeña","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pequeña","lemma":"pequeño","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on negado (elliptical: cuando [era] pequeña)","gloss":"little"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p9-s2","source":"Recordaba que una de las quimeras de su infancia fue soñar que sería la criatura más dichosa del mundo si viviera en una habitación empapelada.","translation":"She recalled that one of the chimeras of her childhood was to dream she would be the happiest creature in the world if she lived in a wallpapered room.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p9-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sería… si viviera","title":"Conditional sentence: «sería» + «si» + imperfect subjunctive","body":"This is the unreal conditional: «sería… si viviera» = 'she would be… if she lived'. The «si» clause takes the imperfect subjunctive («viviera»), the result clause the conditional («sería») — a wish framed as never likely to come true."}],"words":[{"surface":"Recordaba","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"recalled"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fue","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of fue","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quimeras","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of quimeras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"quimeras","lemma":"quimera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies una","gloss":"chimeras"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking infancia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of infancia","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"infancia","lemma":"infancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies quimeras","gloss":"childhood"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking una to soñar","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"soñar","lemma":"soñar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of fue","gloss":"to dream"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sería","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to criatura","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of criatura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"criatura","lemma":"criatura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sería","gloss":"creature"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dichosa","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"dichosa","lemma":"dichoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies criatura","gloss":"happy"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies criatura","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of viviera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"viviera","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sería","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking habitación","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of habitación","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"habitación","lemma":"habitación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of viviera","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"empapelada","lemma":"empapelado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies habitación","gloss":"wallpapered"}]},{"number":22,"label":"10","id":"la-vida-interior-p10-s1","source":"Había visto en las vidrieras de las ferreterías papeles pintados que en su reducida imaginación se le figuraba que tornarían soñadora la vida de los que se rodeaban de ellos, papeles pintados que eran como trasplantar en una casa el Bosque de los Encantamientos, con sus flores arbitrarias de azules y retorcidas en fondos listados de oro, y este sueño de los siete años fue en ella tan intenso, como más tarde cuando criada la idea que se hizo acerca del placer que experimentaría si pudiera tener un Rolls–Royce, cuya tapicería de cuero era tan preciosa en su imaginación, como lo fueran los imposibles papeles pintados que tan sólo costaban sesenta centavos el rollo.","translation":"She had seen in the windows of the hardware shops wallpapers that, in her narrow imagination, she fancied would make dreamlike the life of those who surrounded themselves with them — wallpapers that were like transplanting the Forest of Enchantments into a house, with their arbitrary flowers of blue, twisted on grounds striped with gold; and this dream of her seventh year was as intense in her as, later, when she was a servant, the idea she formed of the pleasure she would feel if she could own a Rolls-Royce, whose leather upholstery was as precious in her imagination as those impossible wallpapers that cost a mere sixty cents a roll.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vidrieras / ferreterías","title":"«vidriera» = 'shop window'","body":"A «vidriera» is a shop window (River Plate usage; «escaparate» elsewhere), and a «ferretería» is a hardware store. The longed-for luxury is glimpsed through glass she can only look through, never past."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"experimentaría si pudiera","title":"Another unreal conditional","body":"«el placer que experimentaría si pudiera tener un Rolls-Royce» = 'the pleasure she would feel if she could have a Rolls-Royce': conditional «experimentaría» paired with imperfect subjunctive «pudiera». The grammar itself signals that the car, like the wallpaper, stays forever out of reach."}],"words":[{"surface":"Había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"visto","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vidrieras","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of vidrieras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vidrieras","lemma":"vidriera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of visto","gloss":"windows"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ferreterías","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ferreterías","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ferreterías","lemma":"ferretería","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies vidrieras","gloss":"hardware shops"},{"surface":"papeles","lemma":"papel","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of visto","gloss":"papers","note":"\"Papel pintado\" (literally \"painted paper\") is the standard Spanish term for wallpaper."},{"surface":"pintados","lemma":"pintado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies papeles","gloss":"painted"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of figuraba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking imaginación","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of imaginación","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"reducida","lemma":"reducido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies imaginación","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"imaginación","lemma":"imaginación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of figuraba","gloss":"imagination"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of figuraba","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of figuraba (dative experiencer)","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"figuraba","lemma":"figurar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying papeles pintados","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tornarían","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tornarían","lemma":"tornar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"complement clause of figuraba","gloss":"would make"},{"surface":"soñadora","lemma":"soñador","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"dreamlike"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tornarían","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of rodeaban","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of rodeaban","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"rodeaban","lemma":"rodear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying los","gloss":"surrounded"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ellos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of rodeaban","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"papeles","lemma":"papel","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to papeles","gloss":"papers"},{"surface":"pintados","lemma":"pintado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies papeles","gloss":"painted"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of eran","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking que to the predicate clause introduced by como (trasplantar), not to que itself","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trasplantar","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"trasplantar","lemma":"trasplantar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying papeles","gloss":"transplanting"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trasplantar","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Bosque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Bosque","lemma":"Bosque","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of trasplantar","gloss":"Forest"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Encantamientos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of Encantamientos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Encantamientos","lemma":"Encantamientos","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Bosque","gloss":"Enchantments"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flores","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of flores","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"flores","lemma":"flor","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies Bosque","gloss":"flowers"},{"surface":"arbitrarias","lemma":"arbitrario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies flores","gloss":"arbitrary"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking azules","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"azules","lemma":"azul","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"modifies flores","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"retorcidas","lemma":"retorcido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with azules","gloss":"twisted"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fondos","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"fondos","lemma":"fondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of retorcidas","gloss":"grounds"},{"surface":"listados","lemma":"listado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fondos","gloss":"striped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oro","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"oro","lemma":"oro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies listados","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sueño","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sueño","lemma":"sueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fue","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking años","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of años","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"siete","lemma":"siete","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies años","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"años","lemma":"año","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies sueño","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to intenso","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ella","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fue","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies intenso","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"intenso","lemma":"intenso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of sueño","gloss":"intense"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison clause of preciosa","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tarde","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies criada","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of criada","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"criada","lemma":"criada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun of the elided copula (cuando [era] criada)","gloss":"servant","note":"Here \"criada\" is the noun for \"maid/servant,\" not a form of the verb \"criar\" (to raise) — the clause elliptically means \"when [she was] a servant.\""},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of idea","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"delayed subject of the elided predicate in the como-comparison, paired with sueño (not in apposition to tarde, which is an adverb and cannot take a nominal appositive)","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of hizo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of hizo","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"hizo","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying idea","gloss":"formed","note":"\"Hacerse una idea\" is a set phrase meaning \"to form an idea (for oneself).\""},{"surface":"acerca","lemma":"acerca","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the compound preposition acerca de, modifying placer","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of placer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"placer","lemma":"placer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies idea","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of experimentaría","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"experimentaría","lemma":"experimentar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying placer","gloss":"would feel"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tener","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"pudiera","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tener","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pudiera","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rolls–Royce","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Rolls–Royce","lemma":"rolls–royce","morphology":"noun","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"Rolls-Royce"},{"surface":"cuya","lemma":"cuyo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tapicería","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"tapicería","lemma":"tapicería","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of preciosa","gloss":"upholstery"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cuero","lemma":"cuero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tapicería","gloss":"leather"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to preciosa","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies preciosa","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"preciosa","lemma":"precioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying Rolls–Royce","gloss":"precious"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking imaginación","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of imaginación","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"imaginación","lemma":"imaginación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of preciosa","gloss":"imagination"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fueran","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate pronoun referring to preciosa","gloss":"so","note":"Neuter \"lo\" stands in for the adjective \"preciosa,\" avoiding repetition of the predicate adjective in the comparison."},{"surface":"fueran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to lo","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of papeles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"imposibles","lemma":"imposible","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies papeles","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"papeles","lemma":"papel","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of fueran","gloss":"papers"},{"surface":"pintados","lemma":"pintado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies papeles","gloss":"painted"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of costaban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies sólo (idiom \"tan sólo\" = only), modifies costaban","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom tan sólo, modifies costaban","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"costaban","lemma":"costar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying papeles","gloss":"cost"},{"surface":"sesenta","lemma":"sesenta","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies centavos","gloss":"sixty"},{"surface":"centavos","lemma":"centavo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of costaban","gloss":"cents"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rollo","gloss":"a","note":"Distributive \"el\": \"el rollo\" here means \"a roll\" / \"per roll,\" not \"the roll.\""},{"surface":"rollo","lemma":"rollo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"distributive complement of costaban (per roll)","gloss":"roll"}]},{"number":23,"label":"11","id":"la-vida-interior-p11-s1","source":"Había declinado en tiempos idos.","translation":"It had all declined in days gone by.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of declinado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"declinado","lemma":"declinar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"declined"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiempos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tiempos","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of declinado","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"idos","lemma":"ido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies tiempos","gloss":"gone by"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p11-s2","source":"Recordaba ahora, con la cabeza del hombre sobre sus rodillas, aquellos atardeceres de domingo cuando súbitamente se encapotaba el tiempo y la brisa fría empujaba a sus amas del jardín a la sala.","translation":"She recalled now, with the man's head on her knees, those Sunday evenings when the weather suddenly clouded over and the cold breeze drove her mistresses from the garden into the parlor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p11-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"amas","title":"«ama» = 'mistress (of a servant)'","body":"«ama» is the female head of the household, the mistress a servant works for — Hipólita's own status as «criada» (maid) is built into the word. «sus amas» are 'her mistresses', the ladies of the houses where she served."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"se encapotaba","title":"Imperfect for weather setting the scene","body":"«se encapotaba el tiempo» = 'the weather was clouding over'. «encapotarse» (from «capote», a cloak) is the pronominal verb for the sky overcasting. The imperfect paints the recurring backdrop of those remembered Sundays."}],"words":[{"surface":"Recordaba","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"recalled"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Recordaba","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabeza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Recordaba","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cabeza","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rodillas","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of rodillas","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"rodillas","lemma":"rodilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cabeza","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"aquellos","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of atardeceres","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"atardeceres","lemma":"atardecer","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Recordaba","gloss":"evenings"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking domingo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"domingo","lemma":"domingo","morphology":"noun","role":"modifies atardeceres","gloss":"Sunday"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of encapotaba","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"súbitamente","lemma":"súbitamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encapotaba","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encapotaba","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"encapotaba","lemma":"encapotar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on atardeceres","gloss":"clouded over"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of encapotaba","gloss":"weather"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of brisa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brisa","lemma":"brisa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of empujaba","gloss":"breeze"},{"surface":"fría","lemma":"frío","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies brisa","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"empujaba","lemma":"empujar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with encapotaba","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amas","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of amas","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"amas","lemma":"ama","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of empujaba","gloss":"mistresses"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"oblique complement of empujaba (source)","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"jardín","lemma":"jardín","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies amas","gloss":"garden"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sala","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sala","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sala","lemma":"sala","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of empujaba","gloss":"parlor"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p11-s3","source":"Picoteaba la lluvia en los cristales, ella se refugiaba en la cocina resplandeciente de limpia, y a través de las habitaciones llegaba la voz de las visitas, las señoras conversaban mientras que las niñas hojeaban revistas deteniéndose en las fotografías de las ceremonias nupciales, o tocaban el piano.","translation":"The rain pecked at the windowpanes, she took refuge in the kitchen gleaming with cleanliness, and through the rooms came the voice of the visitors; the ladies talked while the girls leafed through magazines, lingering on the photographs of wedding ceremonies, or played the piano.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p11-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Picoteaba… se refugiaba… llegaba","title":"Strings of imperfects","body":"Every verb here is imperfect — «picoteaba», «se refugiaba», «llegaba», «conversaban», «hojeaban» — because all describe habitual, simultaneous action filling a remembered scene. The imperfect is the tense of 'how things used to be'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Picoteaba","lemma":"picotear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pecked"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lluvia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lluvia","lemma":"lluvia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Picoteaba","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cristales","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cristales","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cristales","lemma":"cristal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Picoteaba","gloss":"windowpanes"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of refugiaba","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of refugiaba","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"refugiaba","lemma":"refugiar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took refuge"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cocina","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cocina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cocina","lemma":"cocina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of refugiaba","gloss":"kitchen"},{"surface":"resplandeciente","lemma":"resplandeciente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies cocina","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking limpia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"limpia","lemma":"limpia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of resplandeciente","gloss":"cleanliness"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking habitaciones","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"través","lemma":"través","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of habitaciones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"habitaciones","lemma":"habitación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of llegaba","gloss":"rooms"},{"surface":"llegaba","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with refugiaba","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voz","lemma":"voz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of llegaba","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking visitas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of visitas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"visitas","lemma":"visita","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies voz","gloss":"visitors"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of señoras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"señoras","lemma":"señora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of conversaban","gloss":"ladies"},{"surface":"conversaban","lemma":"conversar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with llegaba","gloss":"talked"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hojeaban (mientras que = while)","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mientras","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of niñas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"niñas","lemma":"niña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of hojeaban","gloss":"girls"},{"surface":"hojeaban","lemma":"hojear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying conversaban","gloss":"leafed through"},{"surface":"revistas","lemma":"revista","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of hojeaban","gloss":"magazines"},{"surface":"deteniéndose","lemma":"detener él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on hojeaban","gloss":"lingering"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fotografías","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fotografías","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fotografías","lemma":"fotografía","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of deteniéndose","gloss":"photographs"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ceremonias","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ceremonias","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ceremonias","lemma":"ceremonia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies fotografías","gloss":"ceremonies"},{"surface":"nupciales","lemma":"nupcial","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies ceremonias","gloss":"wedding"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"tocaban","lemma":"tocar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with hojeaban","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of piano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piano","lemma":"piano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tocaban","gloss":"piano"}]},{"number":26,"label":"12","id":"la-vida-interior-p12-s1","source":"Y ella sentada ante la mesa, con la punta del delantal retorciéndose entre sus dedos el busto ligeramente inclinado, se dejaba penetrar de los sonidos, que le eran siempre tristes, aunque hablaran de cosas alegres.","translation":"And she, seated at the table, the hem of her apron twisting between her fingers, her bust slightly bowed, let herself be filled by the sounds, which were always sad to her, even when they spoke of cheerful things.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se dejaba penetrar","title":"«dejarse» + infinitive = 'to let oneself be…'","body":"«se dejaba penetrar de los sonidos» = 'to let herself be penetrated / filled by the sounds'. «dejarse» plus an infinitive expresses passively allowing something to happen to oneself."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"aunque hablaran","title":"«aunque» + subjunctive","body":"«aunque hablaran de cosas alegres» = 'even though they spoke of cheerful things'. With the imperfect subjunctive «hablaran», «aunque» concedes the point as hypothetical or downplayed — the cheer never reached her."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the sentence to what precedes","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of dejaba","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sentada","lemma":"sentado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ella","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mesa","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mesa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mesa","lemma":"mesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentada","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking punta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of punta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"punta","lemma":"punta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of retorciéndose","gloss":"hem"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking delantal","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"delantal","lemma":"delantal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies punta","gloss":"apron"},{"surface":"retorciéndose","lemma":"retorcer él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"absolute clause coordinate with sentada, describing ella","gloss":"twisting"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of retorciéndose","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of busto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"busto","lemma":"busto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of inclinado","gloss":"bust"},{"surface":"ligeramente","lemma":"ligeramente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inclinado","gloss":"slightly"},{"surface":"inclinado","lemma":"inclinado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies busto","gloss":"bowed"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dejaba","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"dejaba","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"penetrar","lemma":"penetrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on dejaba","gloss":"be penetrated"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sonidos","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sonidos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sonidos","lemma":"sonido","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of penetrar","gloss":"sounds"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of eran","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of eran (dative experiencer)","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to tristes","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tristes","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"tristes","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"clause modifying sonidos","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hablaran","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"hablaran","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on dejaba","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cosas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of hablaran","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"alegres","lemma":"alegre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies cosas","gloss":"cheerful"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p12-s2","source":"Como una leprosa se sentía aislada de la felicidad.","translation":"Like a leper she felt herself cut off from happiness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p12-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sentía","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of leprosa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"leprosa","lemma":"leprosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of the comparison introduced by como","gloss":"leper"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sentía","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"sentía","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"aislada","lemma":"aislado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sentía","gloss":"cut off"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking felicidad","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of felicidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"felicidad","lemma":"felicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aislada","gloss":"happiness"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p12-s3","source":"La música le traía una visión de lugares distintos, hoteles entre montañas, y ella no sería jamás la recién casada que baja al comedor en compañía de su esposo hermoso, mientras tintinea la vajilla y los pájaros revolotean en torno de las ventanas por donde se distingue el caer de una cascada.","translation":"The music brought her a vision of distant places, hotels among the mountains, and she would never be the newlywed who comes down to the dining room on the arm of her handsome husband, while the tableware tinkles and the birds flutter around the windows through which one can make out the falling of a waterfall.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p12-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no sería jamás","title":"Conditional + «jamás»","body":"«no sería jamás la recién casada» = 'she would never be the newlywed'. The conditional «sería» projects a future life, and «jamás» ('never, ever') slams it shut — the daydream named only to be denied."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of música","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"música","lemma":"música","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of traía","gloss":"music"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of traía","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"traía","lemma":"traer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of visión","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"visión","lemma":"visión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of traía","gloss":"vision"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lugares","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lugares","lemma":"lugar","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies visión","gloss":"places"},{"surface":"distintos","lemma":"distinto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies lugares","gloss":"distant","note":"\"Distintos\" most literally means \"different/distinct\"; rendered here as \"distant\" to match the vision of exotic, far-off places."},{"surface":"hoteles","lemma":"hotel","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to lugares","gloss":"hotels"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montañas","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"montañas","lemma":"montaña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies hoteles","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sería","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sería","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to casada","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"jamás","lemma":"jamás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sería","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"recién","lemma":"recién","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies casada","gloss":"newly"},{"surface":"casada","lemma":"casado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sería","gloss":"married"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of baja","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"baja","lemma":"bajar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying casada","gloss":"comes down"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comedor","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"comedor","lemma":"comedor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of baja","gloss":"dining room"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the compound preposition en compañía de, marking esposo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"compañía","lemma":"compañía","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"company"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esposo","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"esposo","lemma":"esposo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of baja","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"hermoso","lemma":"hermoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies esposo","gloss":"handsome"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tintinea","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"tintinea","lemma":"tintinear","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on baja","gloss":"tinkles"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vajilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vajilla","lemma":"vajilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tintinea","gloss":"tableware"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pájaros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pájaros","lemma":"pájaro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of revolotean","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"revolotean","lemma":"revolotear","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with tintinea","gloss":"flutter"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the compound preposition en torno de, marking ventanas","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"torno","lemma":"torno","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ventanas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ventanas","lemma":"ventana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of revolotean","gloss":"windows"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking donde","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of distingue","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of distingue","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"distingue","lemma":"distinguir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying ventanas","gloss":"can be made out"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caer","lemma":"caer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of distingue","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cascada","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cascada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cascada","lemma":"cascada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of caer","gloss":"waterfall"}]},{"number":29,"label":"13","id":"la-vida-interior-p13-s1","source":"Retorcía lentamente la punta del delantal entre sus dedos, inclinada la frente, las piernas cruzadas.","translation":"She slowly twisted the hem of her apron between her fingers, her forehead bowed, her legs crossed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"inclinada la frente","title":"Absolute participle construction","body":"«inclinada la frente» = 'her forehead bowed' — a participle plus its noun, with no verb, describing posture. Spanish uses this compact absolute clause where English often adds 'with': 'with her forehead bowed, her legs crossed'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Retorcía","lemma":"retorcer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"twisted"},{"surface":"lentamente","lemma":"lentamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Retorcía","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of punta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"punta","lemma":"punta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Retorcía","gloss":"hem"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking delantal","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"delantal","lemma":"delantal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies punta","gloss":"apron"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Retorcía","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"inclinada","lemma":"inclinar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Retorcía","gloss":"bowed"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"the","note":"Spanish typically uses 'the' with a body part where English uses a possessive ('her forehead')."},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of inclinada","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of piernas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piernas","lemma":"pierna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of cruzadas","gloss":"legs"},{"surface":"cruzadas","lemma":"cruzado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"adverbial clause on Retorcía","gloss":"crossed"}]},{"number":30,"label":"14","id":"la-vida-interior-p14-s1","source":"No tendría jamás un esposo como Marcelo, ni extendería su mantilla sobre la aterciopelada baranda de un palco, mientras centellean los diamantes en las orejas de las duquesas y los violines ante el proscenio chirrían suavemente.","translation":"She would never have a husband like Marcelo, nor spread her mantilla over the velvety rail of a theater box, while the diamonds sparkle in the duchesses' ears and the violins before the proscenium creak softly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p14-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mantilla / palco","title":"The world of the opera box","body":"A «mantilla» is a fine lace shawl worn over the head and shoulders; a «palco» is a private box at the theater or opera. The pair sketches a high-society evening Hipólita serves at but can never belong to."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tendría","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tendría","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"jamás","lemma":"jamás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tendría","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of esposo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"esposo","lemma":"esposo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tendría","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Marcelo","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Marcelo","lemma":"Marcelo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies esposo","gloss":"Marcelo"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"extendería","lemma":"extender","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tendría","gloss":"would spread"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mantilla","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"mantilla","lemma":"mantilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of extendería","gloss":"mantilla"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking baranda","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of baranda","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aterciopelada","lemma":"aterciopelado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies baranda","gloss":"velvety"},{"surface":"baranda","lemma":"baranda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of extendería","gloss":"rail"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palco","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of palco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"palco","lemma":"palco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies baranda","gloss":"box"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of centellean","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"centellean","lemma":"centellear","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on tendría","gloss":"sparkle"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of diamantes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"diamantes","lemma":"diamante","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of centellean","gloss":"diamonds"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orejas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of orejas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orejas","lemma":"oreja","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of centellean","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking duquesas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of duquesas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"duquesas","lemma":"duquesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies orejas","gloss":"duchesses"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of violines","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"violines","lemma":"violín","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of chirrían","gloss":"violins"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking proscenio","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of proscenio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"proscenio","lemma":"proscenio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies violines","gloss":"proscenium"},{"surface":"chirrían","lemma":"chirriar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with centellean","gloss":"creak"},{"surface":"suavemente","lemma":"suavemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies chirrían","gloss":"softly"}]},{"number":31,"label":"15","id":"la-vida-interior-p15-s1","source":"Tampoco sería una señora, una de esas jóvenes señoras que ella había servido y cuyos esposos mimosean dulcemente a medida que la preñez avanza sus sufridores vientres.","translation":"Nor would she be a lady, one of those young ladies she had served, whose husbands fondle them sweetly as pregnancy swells their long-suffering bellies.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p15-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"cuyos esposos","title":"«cuyo / cuya» = 'whose'","body":"«cuyos» is the relative 'whose', and it agrees with the thing possessed, not the owner: «esas señoras… cuyos esposos…» = 'those ladies whose husbands…', masculine plural to match «esposos»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"a medida que","title":"«a medida que» = 'as'","body":"«a medida que la preñez avanza» = 'as the pregnancy advances'. The phrase links two things changing together over time; here the tenderness grows as the belly does."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tampoco","lemma":"tampoco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sería","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to señora","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of señora","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"señora","lemma":"señora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of sería","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to señora","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking señoras","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of señoras","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"jóvenes","lemma":"joven","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies señoras","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"señoras","lemma":"señora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies una","gloss":"ladies"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of servido","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of servido","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of servido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"servido","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying señoras","gloss":"served"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cuyos","lemma":"cuyo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies esposos","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"esposos","lemma":"esposo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of mimosean","gloss":"husbands"},{"surface":"mimosean","lemma":"mimosear","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with servido","gloss":"fondle"},{"surface":"dulcemente","lemma":"dulcemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mimosean","gloss":"sweetly"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of avanza","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"medida","lemma":"medida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"measure","note":"'a medida que' is a fixed phrase meaning 'as, in proportion as.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of preñez","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"preñez","lemma":"preñez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of avanza","gloss":"pregnancy"},{"surface":"avanza","lemma":"avanzar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on mimosean","gloss":"swells"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vientres","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"sufridores","lemma":"sufridor","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies vientres","gloss":"long-suffering"},{"surface":"vientres","lemma":"vientre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of avanza","gloss":"bellies"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p15-s2","source":"Y su pena crecía dulcemente como la oscuridad en el crepúsculo.","translation":"And her sorrow grew softly, like the darkness at dusk.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p15-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies crecía","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pena","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"pena","lemma":"pena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of crecía","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"crecía","lemma":"crecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"dulcemente","lemma":"dulcemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies crecía","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of oscuridad","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of oscuridad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oscuridad","lemma":"oscuridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of crecía","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crepúsculo","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crepúsculo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"crepúsculo","lemma":"crepúsculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oscuridad","gloss":"dusk"}]},{"number":33,"label":"16","id":"la-vida-interior-p16-s1","source":"–¡Servir... siempre servir!","translation":"To serve... always to serve!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p16-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Servir","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"To serve"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies servir","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"servir","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"repetition of Servir for emphasis","gloss":"to serve","note":"The infinitive is echoed for emphasis: 'to serve... always to serve.'"}]},{"number":34,"label":"17","id":"la-vida-interior-p17-s1","source":"Entonces un rencor se infiltraba en su angustia, la frente le pesaba y sus párpados rojos caían sancionando una resignación.","translation":"Then a rancor seeped into her anguish, her forehead grew heavy, and her reddened eyelids fell, sealing a resignation.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p17-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"la frente le pesaba","title":"Dative of the affected person","body":"«la frente le pesaba» = 'her forehead felt heavy to her' — Spanish names the body part with a plain article («la frente») and marks the owner with «le». English instead says 'her forehead', folding owner and part together."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies infiltraba","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rencor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rencor","lemma":"rencor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of infiltraba","gloss":"rancor"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of infiltraba","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"infiltraba","lemma":"infiltrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seeped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking angustia","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of angustia","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of infiltraba","gloss":"anguish"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of pesaba","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pesaba","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"pesaba","lemma":"pesar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with infiltraba","gloss":"grew heavy"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of párpados","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"párpados","lemma":"párpado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of caían","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"rojos","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies párpados","gloss":"reddened"},{"surface":"caían","lemma":"caer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with infiltraba","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"sancionando","lemma":"sancionar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of caían","gloss":"sealing","note":"Here 'sancionar' means 'to seal, to ratify' — not the English sense of 'to sanction/punish.'"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of resignación","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"resignación","lemma":"resignación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sancionando","gloss":"resignation"}]},{"number":35,"label":"18","id":"la-vida-interior-p18-s1","source":"Y en la sala el piano hacía pasar los países distintos por su atención soñera y se imaginaba que la educación de esas señoritas debía hacer sus almas más hermosas y apetecibles para el deseo del novio y su cabeza pesaba como si el cráneo se le hubiera trasmutado en un casco de huesos de plomo.","translation":"And in the parlor the piano made distant countries pass through her drowsy attention, and she imagined that the upbringing of those young ladies must make their souls more beautiful and more desirable to a suitor's longing, and her head grew heavy as if her skull had been transmuted into a helmet of leaden bones.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p18-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si… se le hubiera trasmutado","title":"«como si» + pluperfect subjunctive","body":"«como si el cráneo se le hubiera trasmutado» = 'as if her skull had been transmuted'. «como si» takes the pluperfect subjunctive for a contrary-to-fact comparison set before the present feeling. «trasmutado» revives the alchemy image of lead and gold."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies hacía","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sala","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sala","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sala","lemma":"sala","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hacía","gloss":"parlor"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of piano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piano","lemma":"piano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hacía","gloss":"piano"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"pasar","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacía","gloss":"pass"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of países","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"países","lemma":"país","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of pasar","gloss":"countries"},{"surface":"distintos","lemma":"distinto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies países","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atención","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of atención","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"atención","lemma":"atención","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasar","gloss":"attention"},{"surface":"soñera","lemma":"soñero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies atención","gloss":"drowsy"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of imaginaba","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"imaginaba","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with hacía","gloss":"imagined"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of educación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"educación","lemma":"educación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hacer","gloss":"upbringing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking señoritas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of señoritas","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"señoritas","lemma":"señorita","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies educación","gloss":"young ladies"},{"surface":"debía","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hacer","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of debía","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of almas","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"almas","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"souls"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hermosas","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"hermosas","lemma":"hermoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies almas","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"apetecibles","lemma":"apetecible","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with hermosas","gloss":"desirable"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking deseo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of deseo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"deseo","lemma":"deseo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apetecibles","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking novio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"novio","lemma":"novio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies deseo","gloss":"suitor"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of pesaba","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"pesaba","lemma":"pesar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with hacía","gloss":"grew heavy"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trasmutado","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trasmutado","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cráneo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cráneo","lemma":"cráneo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of trasmutado","gloss":"skull"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of trasmutado","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of trasmutado","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of trasmutado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"trasmutado","lemma":"trasmutar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on pesaba","gloss":"transmuted","note":"Older spelling of 'transmutar' ('to transmute')."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casco","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of casco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"casco","lemma":"casco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trasmutado","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huesos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"huesos","lemma":"hueso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies casco","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plomo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"plomo","lemma":"plomo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies huesos","gloss":"lead"}]},{"number":36,"label":"19","id":"la-vida-interior-p19-s1","source":"Todo lo que la rodeaba, cacerolas y fogones y las limpias maderas de las estanterías de la cocina, y los espejos del cuarto de baño y las pantallas rojas de las lámparas, le parecían representar un valor que ponía para siempre a esos enseres fuera de su alcance, y el repasador como la alfombra, así como el triciclo de los niños, le parecía haber sido creado para proporcionar la felicidad a seres de distinta pasta de la que ella estaba formada.","translation":"Everything around her — pots and stoves and the clean wood of the kitchen shelves, and the bathroom mirrors and the red lampshades — seemed to her to stand for a worth that set these objects forever out of her reach, and the dishcloth like the carpet, just like the children's tricycle, seemed to her to have been created to give happiness to beings of a different clay from the one she was made of.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p19-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le parecían representar","title":"«parecer» + infinitive","body":"«le parecían representar un valor» = 'seemed to her to stand for a worth'. «parecer» plus an infinitive means 'to seem to (do something)'; «le» marks the person to whom it seems. The verb agrees with the plural subject («todo lo que la rodeaba», felt as many things)."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"de distinta pasta","title":"«de distinta pasta» = 'of a different clay'","body":"«ser de distinta pasta» literally 'to be of a different paste/dough' is the idiom for being made of different stuff, a different kind of person. It crystallizes Hipólita's conviction that wealth belongs to another species than her own."}],"words":[{"surface":"Todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lo","gloss":"Everything"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase Todo","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of rodeaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of rodeaba","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"rodeaba","lemma":"rodear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying lo","gloss":"surrounded"},{"surface":"cacerolas","lemma":"cacerola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"in apposition to lo","gloss":"pots"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fogones","lemma":"fogón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with cacerolas","gloss":"stoves"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of maderas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"limpias","lemma":"limpio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies maderas","gloss":"clean"},{"surface":"maderas","lemma":"madera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with cacerolas","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estanterías","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of estanterías","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estanterías","lemma":"estantería","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies maderas","gloss":"shelves"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cocina","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cocina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cocina","lemma":"cocina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies estanterías","gloss":"kitchen"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of espejos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espejos","lemma":"espejo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with cacerolas","gloss":"mirrors"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuarto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cuarto","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies espejos","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking baño","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"baño","lemma":"baño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cuarto","gloss":"bath"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of pantallas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pantallas","lemma":"pantalla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with cacerolas","gloss":"lampshades"},{"surface":"rojas","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies pantallas","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lámparas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of lámparas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lámparas","lemma":"lámpara","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies pantallas","gloss":"lamps"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parecían","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"parecían","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"representar","lemma":"representar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of parecían","gloss":"to stand for"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of valor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"valor","lemma":"valor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of representar","gloss":"worth"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ponía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ponía","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying valor","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siempre","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ponía","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enseres","gloss":"marks object"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of enseres","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"enseres","lemma":"enser","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of ponía","gloss":"objects"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"fuera","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ponía","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alcance","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of alcance","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"alcance","lemma":"alcance","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fuera","gloss":"reach"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of repasador","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"repasador","lemma":"repasador","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of parecía","gloss":"dishcloth"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of alfombra","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of alfombra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alfombra","lemma":"alfombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies repasador","gloss":"carpet"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase así","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of triciclo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"triciclo","lemma":"triciclo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with repasador","gloss":"tricycle"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking niños","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of niños","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"niños","lemma":"niño","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies triciclo","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parecía","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with parecían","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"haber","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of creado","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"sido","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"auxiliary of creado","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"creado","lemma":"crear","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parecía","gloss":"created"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of proporcionar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"proporcionar","lemma":"proporcionar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on creado","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of felicidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"felicidad","lemma":"felicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of proporcionar","gloss":"happiness"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking seres","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"seres","lemma":"ser","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"indirect object of proporcionar","gloss":"beings"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pasta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"distinta","lemma":"distinto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pasta","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"pasta","lemma":"pasta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies seres","gloss":"clay"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"pronoun referring to pasta, part of the phrase de","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of formada","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to formada","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"formada","lemma":"formado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying pasta","gloss":"made"}]},{"number":37,"label":"20","id":"la-vida-interior-p20-s1","source":"Los mismos vestidos de las niñas, las telas livianas con que adornaban sus preciosos cuerpos, las puntillas y cintas, se le figuraban de distinta naturaleza que las que ella podía comprar por el mismo dinero.","translation":"The very dresses of the girls, the light fabrics with which they adorned their lovely bodies, the lace edgings and ribbons, seemed to her of a different nature from those she could buy for the same money.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p20-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se le figuraban","title":"«figurársele a alguien»","body":"«figurársele algo a alguien» means 'for something to seem / appear to someone (in the mind)'. «se le figuraban de distinta naturaleza» = 'they appeared to her to be of a different nature'. The «se» is impersonal, the «le» the person imagining."}],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of vestidos","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"mismos","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"modifies vestidos","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"vestidos","lemma":"vestido","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of figuraban","gloss":"dresses"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking niñas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of niñas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"niñas","lemma":"niña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies vestidos","gloss":"girls"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of telas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"telas","lemma":"tela","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of figuraban","gloss":"fabrics"},{"surface":"livianas","lemma":"liviano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies telas","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of adornaban","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"adornaban","lemma":"adornar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying telas","gloss":"adorned"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of cuerpos","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"preciosos","lemma":"precioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cuerpos","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"cuerpos","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of adornaban","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of puntillas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puntillas","lemma":"puntilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of figuraban","gloss":"lace edgings"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cintas","lemma":"cinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with puntillas","gloss":"ribbons"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of figuraban","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of figuraban","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"figuraban","lemma":"figurar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed","note":"Reflexive 'figurarse' means 'to seem, to appear' — different from plain 'figurar' ('to represent, to appear on a list')."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking naturaleza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"distinta","lemma":"distinto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies naturaleza","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"naturaleza","lemma":"naturaleza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of figuraban","gloss":"nature"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of comprar","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"part of the phrase que","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of comprar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of comprar","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of comprar","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"comprar","lemma":"comprar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying naturaleza","gloss":"buy"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dinero","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dinero","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of comprar","gloss":"money"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p20-s2","source":"Esta sensación de convivir provisoriamente con gente situada en un mundo desemejante al que ella pertenecía la desazonaba, al extremo que la desesperanza aparecía como un estigma en el rostro.","translation":"This sensation of living for a time among people set in a world unlike the one she belonged to unsettled her, to the point that hopelessness appeared like a stigma on her face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p20-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"al extremo que","title":"«al extremo que» = 'to the point that'","body":"«al extremo que la desesperanza aparecía…» = 'to such a degree that hopelessness appeared…'. The phrase introduces the result of an intensity just named — here how completely the feeling marked her face."}],"words":[{"surface":"Esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sensación","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sensación","lemma":"sensación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of desazonaba","gloss":"sensation"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of convivir","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"convivir","lemma":"convivir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying sensación","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"provisoriamente","lemma":"provisoriamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies convivir","gloss":"for a time"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gente","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of convivir","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"situada","lemma":"situado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gente","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of situada","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"desemejante","lemma":"desemejante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"unlike"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pertenecía","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of pertenecía","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of pertenecía","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"pertenecía","lemma":"pertenecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying mundo","gloss":"belonged"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of desazonaba","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"desazonaba","lemma":"desazonar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"unsettled"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking extremo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"extremo","lemma":"extremo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desazonaba","gloss":"point"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of aparecía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of desesperanza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desesperanza","lemma":"desesperanza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of aparecía","gloss":"hopelessness"},{"surface":"aparecía","lemma":"aparecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying extremo","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estigma","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of estigma","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"estigma","lemma":"estigma","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aparecía","gloss":"stigma"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rostro","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies estigma","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":39,"label":"21","id":"la-vida-interior-p21-s1","source":"¡Qué podía ser ella, sino sirvienta, siempre sirvienta!","translation":"What could she be, but a servant, always a servant!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p21-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sino sirvienta","title":"«sino» after a question of denial","body":"«¿Qué podía ser… sino sirvienta?» = 'What could she be but a servant?'. «sino» here means 'except / but', narrowing every possibility down to the one bitter answer."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of ser","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ser","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to Qué","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ser","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"sirvienta","lemma":"sirvienta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Qué","gloss":"a servant"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sirvienta","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"sirvienta","lemma":"sirvienta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to sirvienta","gloss":"a servant"}]},{"number":40,"label":"22","id":"la-vida-interior-p22-s1","source":"Hoscamente se levantaba de su corazón una negativa sorda, respuesta al fantasma invisible que la encocoraba.","translation":"Sullenly there rose up from her heart a muffled refusal, an answer to the invisible phantom that tormented her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p22-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se levantaba… una negativa","title":"Postponed subject after «se»","body":"«se levantaba de su corazón una negativa sorda» = literally 'there rose up from her heart a muffled refusal'. The subject «una negativa» comes after the verb, a common Spanish order that lets the sentence open on the action and the place."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hoscamente","lemma":"hoscamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies levantaba","gloss":"sullenly"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of levantaba","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"levantaba","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corazón","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of corazón","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"corazón","lemma":"corazón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of levantaba","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of negativa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"negativa","lemma":"negativa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of levantaba","gloss":"refusal"},{"surface":"sorda","lemma":"sordo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies negativa","gloss":"muffled"},{"surface":"respuesta","lemma":"respuesta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to negativa","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fantasma","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fantasma","lemma":"fantasma","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies respuesta","gloss":"phantom"},{"surface":"invisible","lemma":"invisible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies fantasma","gloss":"invisible"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of encocoraba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of encocoraba","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"encocoraba","lemma":"encocorar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying fantasma","gloss":"tormented","note":"\"Encocorar\" is Rioplatense slang for \"to annoy/torment intensely\" — not a standard-Spanish verb a learner will find in most textbooks."}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p22-s2","source":"Su vida era una resistencia erguida contra la domesticidad.","translation":"Her life was a resistance standing upright against domesticity.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p22-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to resistencia","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of resistencia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"resistencia","lemma":"resistencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"resistance"},{"surface":"erguida","lemma":"erguido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies resistencia","gloss":"standing upright"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking domesticidad","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of domesticidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"domesticidad","lemma":"domesticidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of erguida","gloss":"domesticity"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p22-s3","source":"No sabía cómo escaparía de tal encadenamiento de desdichas, pero no dejaba de repetirse que ese estado era provisorio, ignorante sin embargo de lo que tenía que sobrevenirle.","translation":"She did not know how she would escape such a chain of misfortunes, but she never stopped repeating to herself that this state was temporary — unaware, however, of what was bound to befall her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p22-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no dejaba de repetirse","title":"«dejar de» + infinitive","body":"«no dejaba de repetirse» = 'she did not stop repeating to herself'. «dejar de» plus an infinitive means 'to stop / cease doing'; negated, it means 'to keep on doing'. The reflexive «se» shows she repeated it to herself."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sabía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sabía","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of escaparía","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"escaparía","lemma":"escapar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sabía","gloss":"would escape"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking encadenamiento","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of encadenamiento","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"encadenamiento","lemma":"encadenamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of escaparía","gloss":"chain"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desdichas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"desdichas","lemma":"desdicha","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies encadenamiento","gloss":"misfortunes"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dejaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"dejaba","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sabía","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of repetirse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"repetirse","lemma":"repetir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dejaba","gloss":"repeating to herself"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of provisorio","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of estado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estado","lemma":"estado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"state"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to provisorio","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"provisorio","lemma":"provisorio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"temporary"},{"surface":"ignorante","lemma":"ignorante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies the subject of the sentence (she)","gloss":"unaware"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies ignorante","gloss":"however","note":"\"Sin embargo\" is a fixed phrase meaning \"however, nevertheless\" — it has nothing to do with a trade embargo."},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase sin","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tenía","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tenía, part of lo que","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of the relative phrase lo que","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the clause modifying ignorante (subject: lo que)","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the periphrasis tenía que + infinitive","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sobrevenirle","lemma":"sobrevenir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of tenía (tener que + infinitive)","gloss":"befall her"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p22-s4","source":"Y continuamente observaba los modales de las señoritas y estudiaba cómo inclinaban las cabezas, así como se despedían de las amigas en las puertas de sus casas, reproduciendo luego ante un espejo los saludos y gestos que recordaba.","translation":"And she continually watched the manners of the young ladies and studied how they tilted their heads, and how they took leave of their friends at the doors of their houses, afterward reproducing before a mirror the greetings and gestures she remembered.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p22-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"inclinaban las cabezas","title":"Plural body part, plain article","body":"«inclinaban las cabezas» = 'they tilted their heads'. Spanish uses the article «las» rather than a possessive because the subject is plural and each owns one head; the ownership is understood, not spelled out as 'their'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"continuamente","lemma":"continuamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies observaba","gloss":"continually"},{"surface":"observaba","lemma":"observar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of modales","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"modales","lemma":"modal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of observaba","gloss":"manners"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking señoritas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of señoritas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"señoritas","lemma":"señorita","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies modales","gloss":"young ladies"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"estudiaba","lemma":"estudiar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with observaba","gloss":"studied"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of inclinaban","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"inclinaban","lemma":"inclinar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of estudiaba","gloss":"tilted"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cabezas","gloss":"the","note":"Spanish uses the definite article (not a possessive) with body parts, so \"las cabezas\" here means \"their heads.\""},{"surface":"cabezas","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of inclinaban","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of despedían","gloss":"as well as"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase así","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of despedían","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"despedían","lemma":"despedir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of estudiaba","gloss":"took leave"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amigas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of amigas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"amigas","lemma":"amiga","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of despedían","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puertas","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of puertas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puertas","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of despedían","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of casas","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"casas","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies puertas","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"reproduciendo","lemma":"reproducir","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause modifying estudiaba","gloss":"reproducing"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies reproduciendo","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espejo","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espejo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"espejo","lemma":"espejo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of reproduciendo","gloss":"mirror"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of saludos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"saludos","lemma":"saludo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of reproduciendo","gloss":"greetings"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gestos","lemma":"gesto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with saludos","gloss":"gestures"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of recordaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"recordaba","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying saludos","gloss":"remembered"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p22-s5","source":"Y estos actos que ejecutaba en la soledad de su cuartujo dejábanle por algunas horas en los labios y en el alma una sensación de señoría y delicadeza y entonces se reconvenía anteriores modales torpes, como si esos anteriores modales fueran en desmedro de su auténtica y actual personalidad de señorita.","translation":"And these acts, which she performed in the solitude of her wretched little room, left on her lips and in her soul, for a few hours, a sense of ladyhood and refinement; and then she would reproach herself for her earlier clumsy manners, as if those earlier manners told against her true, present self as a young lady.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p22-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dejábanle","title":"Pronoun on the end: «dejábanle»","body":"«dejábanle» is «le dejaban» ('they left her / for her') with the pronoun attached to the end of the verb — an older, literary placement Arlt favors. The modern order would be «le dejaban una sensación…»."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cuartujo","title":"«cuartujo» = 'wretched little room'","body":"«cuartujo» is «cuarto» ('room') with the scornful suffix «-ujo», turning it into a mean, shabby little room. The word itself drips with the contempt Hipólita feels for her servant's quarters."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"estos","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of actos","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"actos","lemma":"acto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of dejábanle","gloss":"acts"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of ejecutaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ejecutaba","lemma":"ejecutar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying actos","gloss":"performed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soledad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of soledad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soledad","lemma":"soledad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ejecutaba","gloss":"solitude"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuartujo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cuartujo","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"cuartujo","lemma":"cuartujo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies soledad","gloss":"wretched little room","note":"The suffix \"-ujo\" turns \"cuarto\" (room) into a pejorative diminutive — a shabby, wretched little room."},{"surface":"dejábanle","lemma":"dejar él","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural (+ dative clitic le)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left her"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horas","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"algunas","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of horas","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"horas","lemma":"hora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of dejábanle","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking labios","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of labios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"labios","lemma":"labio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of dejábanle","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alma","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with labios","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sensación","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sensación","lemma":"sensación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dejábanle","gloss":"sense"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking señoría","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"señoría","lemma":"señoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sensación","gloss":"ladyhood"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"delicadeza","lemma":"delicadeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with señoría","gloss":"refinement"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies reconvenía","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of reconvenía","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"reconvenía","lemma":"reconvenir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with dejábanle","gloss":"reproached"},{"surface":"anteriores","lemma":"anterior","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies modales","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"modales","lemma":"modal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of reconvenía","gloss":"manners"},{"surface":"torpes","lemma":"torpe","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies modales","gloss":"clumsy"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desmedro","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desmedro","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of modales","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"anteriores","lemma":"anterior","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies modales","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"modales","lemma":"modal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of fueran","gloss":"manners"},{"surface":"fueran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to desmedro","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desmedro","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"desmedro","lemma":"desmedro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fueran","gloss":"detriment","note":"\"En desmedro de\" is a set phrase meaning \"to the detriment of / against,\" rendered here as \"told against.\""},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking personalidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of personalidad","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"auténtica","lemma":"auténtico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies personalidad","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"actual","lemma":"actual","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with auténtica","gloss":"present","note":"False friend: Spanish \"actual\" means \"current/present,\" not English \"actual\" (real)."},{"surface":"personalidad","lemma":"personalidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies desmedro","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking señorita","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"señorita","lemma":"señorita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies personalidad","gloss":"young lady"}]},{"number":45,"label":"23","id":"la-vida-interior-p23-s1","source":"Durante algunas horas su vida estaba inflamada de delicadeza penetrante y blanda como la fragancia de una crema perfumada, con vainilla, y le parecía sentir en su garganta las melifluas voces de los «sí» y de los «no» hasta hacerse la ilusión de que estaba respondiéndole a una deliciosa interlocutora que tenía una piel de zorro azul en torno del cuello.","translation":"For a few hours her life was inflamed with a refinement penetrating and soft as the fragrance of a perfumed cream, with vanilla, and she seemed to feel in her throat the mellifluous voices of the \"yeses\" and the \"noes\", until she fooled herself into thinking she was answering a delightful companion who wore a blue-fox stole around her neck.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p23-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hasta hacerse la ilusión","title":"«hacerse la ilusión de» = 'to fool oneself into thinking'","body":"«hacerse la ilusión de (que)…» means 'to let oneself believe / to fool oneself into thinking'. «hasta hacerse la ilusión de que…» = 'to the point of fooling herself that…', marking how far the daydream carried her."}],"words":[{"surface":"Durante","lemma":"durante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horas","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"algunas","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of horas","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"horas","lemma":"hora","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of inflamada","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to inflamada","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inflamada","lemma":"inflamado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estaba","gloss":"inflamed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking delicadeza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"delicadeza","lemma":"delicadeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of inflamada","gloss":"refinement"},{"surface":"penetrante","lemma":"penetrante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies delicadeza","gloss":"penetrating"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blanda","lemma":"blando","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with penetrante","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fragancia","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fragancia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fragancia","lemma":"fragancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of inflamada","gloss":"fragrance"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crema","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of crema","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"crema","lemma":"crema","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fragancia","gloss":"cream"},{"surface":"perfumada","lemma":"perfumado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies crema","gloss":"perfumed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vainilla","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vainilla","lemma":"vainilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies crema","gloss":"vanilla"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parecía","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estaba","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"sentir","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of parecía","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking garganta","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of garganta","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"garganta","lemma":"garganta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentir","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of voces","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"melifluas","lemma":"melifluo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies voces","gloss":"mellifluous"},{"surface":"voces","lemma":"voz","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of sentir","gloss":"voices"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sí","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sí","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"noun, masculine (nominalized)","role":"oblique complement of voces","gloss":"yeses"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking no","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of no","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"noun, masculine (nominalized)","role":"coordinated with sí","gloss":"noes"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacerse","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"hacerse","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on parecía","gloss":"fooling herself"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ilusión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ilusión","lemma":"ilusión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hacerse","gloss":"illusion","note":"\"Hacerse la ilusión de que\" is an idiom meaning \"to fool oneself into thinking that.\""},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of respondiéndole","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of respondiéndole","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of respondiéndole","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"respondiéndole","lemma":"responder él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clause modifying ilusión","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking interlocutora","gloss":"(marks person)","note":"This is the \"personal a,\" required before a definite human direct/indirect object — it has no independent translation."},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of interlocutora","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"deliciosa","lemma":"delicioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies interlocutora","gloss":"delightful"},{"surface":"interlocutora","lemma":"interlocutora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of respondiéndole","gloss":"companion"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tenía","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying interlocutora","gloss":"wore"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"piel","lemma":"piel","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"fur"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking zorro","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"zorro","lemma":"zorro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies piel","gloss":"fox"},{"surface":"azul","lemma":"azul","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies zorro","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuello","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"torno","lemma":"torno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"around","note":"\"En torno de\" is a set phrase meaning \"around.\""},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuello","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cuello","lemma":"cuello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies piel","gloss":"neck"}]},{"number":46,"label":"24","id":"la-vida-interior-p24-s1","source":"Su cuarto de sirvienta se repoblaba de fantasmas insinuantes, sentada en una butaca forrada de seda de color de cocodrilo, recibía a sus amigas que venían a despedirse para irse a «París de Francia» y hablaba de noviazgos.","translation":"Her servant's room filled up again with insinuating phantoms; seated in an armchair upholstered in crocodile-colored silk, she received her friends who came to say goodbye before leaving for \"Paris in France\", and she talked of engagements.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p24-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cuarto","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"cuarto","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of repoblaba","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sirvienta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sirvienta","lemma":"sirvienta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cuarto","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of repoblaba","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"repoblaba","lemma":"repoblar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"filled up again"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fantasmas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"fantasmas","lemma":"fantasma","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of repoblaba","gloss":"phantoms"},{"surface":"insinuantes","lemma":"insinuante","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies fantasmas","gloss":"insinuating"},{"surface":"sentada","lemma":"sentado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"describes the implied subject of recibía (she)","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking butaca","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of butaca","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"butaca","lemma":"butaca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentada","gloss":"armchair"},{"surface":"forrada","lemma":"forrado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies butaca","gloss":"upholstered"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking seda","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"seda","lemma":"seda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of forrada","gloss":"silk"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking color","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"color","lemma":"color","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies seda","gloss":"color"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cocodrilo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cocodrilo","lemma":"cocodrilo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies color","gloss":"crocodile"},{"surface":"recibía","lemma":"recibir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with repoblaba","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amigas","gloss":"(marks person)"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of amigas","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"amigas","lemma":"amiga","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of recibía","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of venían","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"venían","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying amigas","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of despedirse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"despedirse","lemma":"despedir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of venían","gloss":"say goodbye"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of irse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"irse","lemma":"ir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on despedirse","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking París","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"París","lemma":"París","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of irse","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Francia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Francia","lemma":"Francia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name París","gloss":"France"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hablaba","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with recibía","gloss":"talked"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking noviazgos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"noviazgos","lemma":"noviazgo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hablaba","gloss":"engagements"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p24-s2","source":"«Su mamá no le permitía este verano ir a veranear a X... porque se encontrarían con S..., ese indiscreto que la asediaba con exceso».","translation":"\"Her mother would not allow her to go and summer at X... this summer, because they would run into S..., that indiscreet man who besieged her too much\".","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p24-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"veranear","title":"«veranear» = 'to spend the summer'","body":"«veranear» is a single verb meaning 'to spend the summer (on holiday)', from «verano» ('summer'). «ir a veranear a X» = 'to go and summer at X' — a leisured custom of exactly the class Hipólita imagines herself into."}],"words":[{"surface":"Su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mamá","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"mamá","lemma":"mamá","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of permitía","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies permitía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of permitía","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"permitía","lemma":"permitir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would allow"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of verano","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"verano","lemma":"verano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of permitía","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"ir","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of permitía","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement of ir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"veranear","lemma":"veranear","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of ir","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking X","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"X","lemma":"x","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of veranear","gloss":"X"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of encontrarían","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encontrarían","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"encontrarían","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on permitía","gloss":"they would run into"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking S","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"S","lemma":"S","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of encontrarían","gloss":"S"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of indiscreto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"indiscreto","lemma":"indiscreto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to S","gloss":"indiscreet man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of asediaba","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of asediaba","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"asediaba","lemma":"asediar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying indiscreto","gloss":"besieged"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking exceso","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"exceso","lemma":"exceso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of asediaba","gloss":"excess"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p24-s3","source":"O cruzaba el mar, un mar quieto como los lagos de Palermo, sentada en una cesta de mimbre como lo había visto en las fotografías de los puentes de los piróscafos de lujo, cuando pasaba por las calles a hacer las compras en el mercado.","translation":"Or she would cross the sea — a sea as still as the lakes of Palermo — seated in a wicker basket as she had seen it in the photographs of the decks of luxury steamers, when she passed through the streets on her way to do the shopping at the market.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p24-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"cruzaba","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would cross"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mar","lemma":"mar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cruzaba","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mar","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mar","lemma":"mar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to mar","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"quieto","lemma":"quieto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mar","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lagos","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of lagos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lagos","lemma":"lago","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of quieto","gloss":"lakes"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Palermo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Palermo","lemma":"Palermo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies lagos","gloss":"Palermo"},{"surface":"sentada","lemma":"sentado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on cruzaba","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cesta","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cesta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cesta","lemma":"cesta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentada","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mimbre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mimbre","lemma":"mimbre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cesta","gloss":"wicker"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of visto","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of visto","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of visto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"visto","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sentada","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fotografías","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fotografías","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fotografías","lemma":"fotografía","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of visto","gloss":"photographs"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puentes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of puentes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puentes","lemma":"puente","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fotografías","gloss":"decks"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piróscafos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of piróscafos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piróscafos","lemma":"piróscafo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies puentes","gloss":"steamers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lujo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lujo","lemma":"lujo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies piróscafos","gloss":"luxury"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pasaba","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"pasaba","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on cruzaba","gloss":"she passed"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking calles","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of calles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"calles","lemma":"calle","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pasaba","gloss":"streets"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on pasaba","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of compras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"compras","lemma":"compra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"shopping"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mercado","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mercado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mercado","lemma":"mercado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hacer","gloss":"market"}]},{"number":49,"label":"25","id":"la-vida-interior-p25-s1","source":"Tendría una Kodak abandonada en su falda mientras que un joven con la gorra en la mano e inclinado hacia ella la hablaría con timidez.","translation":"She would have a Kodak lying forgotten in her lap, while a young man, cap in hand and leaning toward her, would speak to her shyly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p25-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tendría / hablaría","title":"Conditional sustaining the daydream","body":"«Tendría… la hablaría» ('she would have… he would speak to her') keep the whole scene in the conditional, the tense of the imagined. «la hablaría» uses «la» for 'to her' — a regional «laísmo» where standard Spanish would write «le hablaría»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tendría","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Kodak","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Kodak","lemma":"Kodak","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of Tendría","gloss":"Kodak"},{"surface":"abandonada","lemma":"abandonado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Kodak","gloss":"forgotten"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking falda","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of falda","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"falda","lemma":"falda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of abandonada","gloss":"lap"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hablaría","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase mientras","gloss":"while","note":"«mientras que» is one conjunction meaning 'while.'"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of joven","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"joven","lemma":"joven","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"subject of hablaría","gloss":"young man"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gorra","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gorra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gorra","lemma":"gorra","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"modifies joven","gloss":"cap"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mano","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gorra","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"inclinado","lemma":"inclinado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies joven","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ella","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of inclinado","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hablaría","gloss":"her","note":"'la' here stands in for 'to her' with hablar, a colloquial (laísta) usage rather than the standard 'le.'"},{"surface":"hablaría","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Tendría","gloss":"would speak"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking timidez","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"timidez","lemma":"timidez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hablaría","gloss":"shyness"}]},{"number":50,"label":"26","id":"la-vida-interior-p26-s1","source":"Su alma de criada se anegaba de felicidad.","translation":"Her servant's soul was flooded with happiness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p26-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of anegaba","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking criada","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"criada","lemma":"criada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of anegaba","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"anegaba","lemma":"anegar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was flooded"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking felicidad","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"felicidad","lemma":"felicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of anegaba","gloss":"happiness"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p26-s2","source":"Comprendía que aquello era tan lindo que de haber podido gozarlo su caridad hubiera sido infinita.","translation":"She understood that all this was so lovely that, had she been able to enjoy it, her charity would have been infinite.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p26-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"de haber podido","title":"«de» + infinitive = 'if/had…'","body":"«de haber podido gozarlo» = 'had she been able to enjoy it'. «de» plus an infinitive is a compact conditional clause; with the perfect infinitive «haber podido» it points to an unreal past, completed by «hubiera sido infinita» ('would have been infinite')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Comprendía","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lindo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"aquello","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of lindo","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to lindo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lindo","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"lindo","lemma":"lindo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of era","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hubiera","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of gozarlo","gloss":"if","note":"«de + infinitive» works here as a formal conditional: 'had she been able to...'"},{"surface":"haber","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of gozarlo","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"podido","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"auxiliary of gozarlo","gloss":"been able"},{"surface":"gozarlo","lemma":"gozar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of podido","gloss":"enjoy it"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of caridad","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"caridad","lemma":"caridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hubiera","gloss":"charity"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sido","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"sido","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"copula linking to infinita","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"infinita","lemma":"infinito","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of sido","gloss":"infinite"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"la-vida-interior-p26-s3","source":"Y se veía en un atardecer de invierno recorriendo una callejuela oscurecida, envuelta en un abrigo de petit–gris, en busca de una huérfana, hija de un ciego.","translation":"And she saw herself on a winter evening, walking down a darkened little street, wrapped in a coat of petit-gris, in search of an orphan girl, the daughter of a blind man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p26-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"petit–gris","title":"«petit-gris»","body":"«petit-gris» is French for the soft gray squirrel fur used in luxury coats. The French label, like «París de Francia», marks the dream as borrowed wholesale from a world of imported elegance Hipólita knows only from pictures."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies veía","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of veía","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"veía","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atardecer","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of atardecer","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"atardecer","lemma":"atardecer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of veía","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking invierno","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"invierno","lemma":"invierno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies atardecer","gloss":"winter"},{"surface":"recorriendo","lemma":"recorrer","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on veía","gloss":"walking"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of callejuela","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"callejuela","lemma":"callejuela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of recorriendo","gloss":"little street"},{"surface":"oscurecida","lemma":"oscurecido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies callejuela","gloss":"darkened"},{"surface":"envuelta","lemma":"envuelto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on veía","gloss":"wrapped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking abrigo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of abrigo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"abrigo","lemma":"abrigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of envuelta","gloss":"coat"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking petit–gris","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"petit–gris","lemma":"petit-gris","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"modifies abrigo","gloss":"petit-gris","note":"petit-gris is a soft gray squirrel fur once fashionable for coats."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking busca","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"busca","lemma":"busca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of recorriendo","gloss":"search"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huérfana","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of huérfana","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"huérfana","lemma":"huérfana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies busca","gloss":"orphan"},{"surface":"hija","lemma":"hija","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to huérfana","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciego","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ciego","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ciego","lemma":"ciego","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hija","gloss":"blind man"}]},{"number":53,"label":"27","id":"la-vida-interior-p27-s1","source":"Le llevaba socorros, la convertía en su hija adoptiva y un día la huérfana hacía su presentación en sociedad; sería entonces una deliciosa joven; los hombros descubiertos entre plumones de gasa, y, sobre la limpia frente, una onda de cabello rubio concertaría con la delicadeza de sus almendrados ojos.","translation":"She brought her relief, made her her adopted daughter, and one day the orphan made her debut in society; she would be by then a delightful young woman; her shoulders bare amid down of gauze, and, over her clear forehead, a wave of blond hair would harmonize with the delicacy of her almond eyes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p27-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hacía su presentación en sociedad","title":"«presentación en sociedad» = 'debut'","body":"«hacer su presentación en sociedad» is the set phrase for a young woman's formal debut, her coming-out into society. The imperfect «hacía» keeps it inside the unfolding fantasy, which then slides into the conditional «sería / concertaría» for what would follow."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of llevaba","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"llevaba","lemma":"llevar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"socorros","lemma":"socorro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of llevaba","gloss":"relief"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of convertía","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"convertía","lemma":"convertir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with llevaba","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hija","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of hija","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"hija","lemma":"hija","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of convertía","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"adoptiva","lemma":"adoptivo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hija","gloss":"adopted"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hacía","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of huérfana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"huérfana","lemma":"huérfana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hacía","gloss":"orphan"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with llevaba","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of presentación","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"presentación","lemma":"presentación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hacía","gloss":"debut"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hacía","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to joven","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sería","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of joven","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"deliciosa","lemma":"delicioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies joven","gloss":"delightful"},{"surface":"joven","lemma":"joven","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"complement of sería","gloss":"young woman"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombros","lemma":"hombro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to joven","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"descubiertos","lemma":"descubierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies hombros","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plumones","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"plumones","lemma":"plumón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of descubiertos","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gasa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"gasa","lemma":"gasa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies plumones","gloss":"gauze"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frente","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"limpia","lemma":"limpio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies frente","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of concertaría","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of onda","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"onda","lemma":"onda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of concertaría","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabello","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cabello","lemma":"cabello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies onda","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"rubio","lemma":"rubio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cabello","gloss":"blond"},{"surface":"concertaría","lemma":"concertar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with llevaba","gloss":"would harmonize"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking delicadeza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of delicadeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"delicadeza","lemma":"delicadeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of concertaría","gloss":"delicacy"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"almendrados","lemma":"almendrado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ojos","gloss":"almond"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies delicadeza","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":54,"label":"28","id":"la-vida-interior-p28-s1","source":"Y de pronto una voz la llamaba:","translation":"And suddenly a voice called her:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p28-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"de pronto","title":"«de pronto» = 'suddenly'","body":"«de pronto» means 'suddenly, all at once'. It snaps the long daydream shut, the imperfect «llamaba» ('was calling') breaking in just as the fantasy reaches its height."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies llamaba","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies llamaba","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"suddenly","note":"«de pronto» is a fixed phrase meaning 'suddenly.'"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voz","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"voz","lemma":"voz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of llamaba","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of llamaba","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"llamaba","lemma":"llamar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called"}]},{"number":55,"label":"29","id":"la-vida-interior-p29-s1","source":"–Hipólita... sirva el té.","translation":"Hipólita... serve the tea.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/la-vida-interior-p29-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sirva","title":"Formal command «sirva»","body":"«sirva el té» is a formal (usted) command of «servir», 'serve the tea'. The curt order, in the polite form the mistress keeps with a servant, drops Hipólita back from her dream of being served into the work of serving."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"sirva","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, imperative (formal usted), third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"serve"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of té","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"té","lemma":"té","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sirva","gloss":"tea"}]}]}