{"work":{"slug":"arlt","title":{"source":"Los siete locos","translated":"The Seven Madmen"},"author":"Roberto Arlt","language":"Spanish","languageCode":"es","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen","title":{"source":"«Ser» a través de un crimen","translated":"To \"Be\" by Way of a Crime"},"section":"Part One","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen","lines":129},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/la-bofetada","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/la-propuesta","license":"Source text: public domain (Roberto Arlt, d. 1942). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: this is a minimal seed excerpt to make the app target runnable; full verified content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s1","source":"Un trozo de andén de la estación de Témperley estaba débilmente iluminado por la luz que salía de una puerta de la oficina de los telegrafistas.","translation":"A stretch of platform at the Temperley station was faintly lit by the light spilling from a door of the telegraph operators' office.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"estaba iluminado","title":"Imperfect for a setting","body":"«estaba» is the imperfect of «estar». With a past participle it forms a passive description of a continuous state — 'was lit', not a single finished act. The imperfect is the standard tense for painting a scene's backdrop, which is exactly what opens this chapter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of trozo","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"trozo","lemma":"trozo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of iluminado","gloss":"stretch"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking andén","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"andén","lemma":"andén","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies trozo","gloss":"platform"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of estación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estación","lemma":"estación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies andén","gloss":"station"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Témperley","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Témperley","lemma":"Témperley","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies estación","gloss":"Temperley"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to iluminado","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"débilmente","lemma":"débilmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies iluminado","gloss":"faintly"},{"surface":"iluminado","lemma":"iluminado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lit"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luz","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luz","lemma":"luz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of iluminado","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of salía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"salía","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying luz","gloss":"spilled"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puerta","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of salía","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oficina","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of oficina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oficina","lemma":"oficina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies puerta","gloss":"office"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking telegrafistas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of telegrafistas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"telegrafistas","lemma":"telegrafista","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"modifies oficina","gloss":"telegraph operators"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s2","source":"Erdosain sentóse en un banco junto a las palancas para los cambios de vías, en la oscuridad.","translation":"Erdosain sat down on a bench beside the levers for the track switches, in the dark.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sentóse","title":"Enclitic pronoun on the verb","body":"«sentóse» is «se sentó» ('he sat down') with the reflexive pronoun «se» attached to the end of the verb. This enclitic placement is literary and slightly old-fashioned; modern speech puts the pronoun before the verb. The accent on «sentóse» keeps the original stress."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sentóse","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"sentóse","lemma":"sentar él","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat down","note":"Literary word order attaches the reflexive pronoun to the verb's end: sentóse = se sentó ('sat down')."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking banco","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of banco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"banco","lemma":"banco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentóse","gloss":"bench"},{"surface":"junto","lemma":"junto","morphology":"adjective","role":"preposition marking palancas","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase junto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palancas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"palancas","lemma":"palanca","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sentóse","gloss":"levers"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cambios","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cambios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cambios","lemma":"cambio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies palancas","gloss":"switches"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vías","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vías","lemma":"vía","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cambios","gloss":"tracks"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oscuridad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of oscuridad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oscuridad","lemma":"oscuridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentóse","gloss":"dark"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s3","source":"Tenía frío y tal vez fiebre.","translation":"He was cold and perhaps feverish.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Tenía frío","title":"«tener» for bodily states","body":"Spanish uses «tener» ('to have') where English uses 'to be' for physical sensations: «tener frío» = 'to be cold', «tener fiebre» = 'to have a fever / be feverish'. Literally 'he had cold'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he had"},{"surface":"frío","lemma":"frío","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Tenía","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies fiebre","gloss":"perhaps","note":"Tal vez is a fixed phrase meaning 'perhaps, maybe.'"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the phrase tal","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"fiebre","lemma":"fiebre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with frío","gloss":"feverish"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s4","source":"Además experimentaba la impresión de que la idea criminosa era una continuidad de su cuerpo, como el hombre de tiniebla que pudiera arrojar en la luz.","translation":"Moreover, he had the impression that the criminal idea was a continuation of his body, like the man of shadow he might cast in the light.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que pudiera arrojar","title":"Imperfect subjunctive","body":"«pudiera» is the imperfect subjunctive of «poder». After a hypothetical 'the man of shadow that he could/might cast', the subjunctive marks the shadow as imagined rather than real. English leans on 'might' to carry the same uncertainty."}],"words":[{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies experimentaba","gloss":"Moreover"},{"surface":"experimentaba","lemma":"experimentar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impresión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"impresión","lemma":"impresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of experimentaba","gloss":"impression"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of impresión","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of idea","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of continuidad","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"criminosa","lemma":"criminoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies idea","gloss":"criminal"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to continuidad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of continuidad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"continuidad","lemma":"continuidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"continuation"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuerpo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cuerpo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cuerpo","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies continuidad","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hombre","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies continuidad","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiniebla","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tiniebla","lemma":"tiniebla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"shadow"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of arrojar","gloss":"that","note":"Que here is the object of arrojar ('that he might cast'), not its subject."},{"surface":"pudiera","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of arrojar","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"arrojar","lemma":"arrojar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luz","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luz","lemma":"luz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrojar","gloss":"light"}]},{"number":5,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s5","source":"Un disco rojo brillaba al extremo del brazo invisible del semáforo: más allá otros círculos rojos y verdes estaban clavados en la oscuridad, y la curva del riel galvanoplastiado de esas luces sumergía en las tinieblas su redondez azulenca o carminosa.","translation":"A red disc glowed at the end of the signal's invisible arm: beyond it other red and green circles were nailed into the darkness, and the curve of the rail, electroplated by those lights, sank its bluish or crimson roundness into the gloom.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"galvanoplastiado","title":"A coined, technical image","body":"«galvanoplastiado» means 'electroplated' (covered with metal by electrolysis). Arlt, who trained around machinery, reaches for industrial vocabulary as poetry: the rail looks plated by the colored signal lamps. This rare, hyper-technical industrial term, unusual in literary prose, is part of his deliberately rough, modern texture."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of disco","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"disco","lemma":"disco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of brillaba","gloss":"disc"},{"surface":"rojo","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies disco","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"brillaba","lemma":"brillar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"glowed"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking extremo","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"extremo","lemma":"extremo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of brillaba","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"brazo","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies extremo","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"invisible","lemma":"invisible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies brazo","gloss":"invisible"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking semáforo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"semáforo","lemma":"semáforo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies brazo","gloss":"signal"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies allá","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies círculos","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of círculos","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"círculos","lemma":"círculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of clavados","gloss":"circles"},{"surface":"rojos","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies círculos","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"verdes","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with rojos","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"estaban","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to clavados","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"clavados","lemma":"clavado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with brillaba","gloss":"nailed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oscuridad","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of oscuridad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oscuridad","lemma":"oscuridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of clavados","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of curva","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"curva","lemma":"curva","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sumergía","gloss":"curve"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking riel","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"riel","lemma":"riel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies curva","gloss":"rail"},{"surface":"galvanoplastiado","lemma":"galvanoplastiado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies riel","gloss":"electroplated"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking luces","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of luces","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"luces","lemma":"luz","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of galvanoplastiado","gloss":"lights"},{"surface":"sumergía","lemma":"sumergir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with clavados","gloss":"sank"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tinieblas","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of tinieblas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tinieblas","lemma":"tiniebla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sumergía","gloss":"gloom"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of redondez","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"redondez","lemma":"redondez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sumergía","gloss":"roundness"},{"surface":"azulenca","lemma":"azulenco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies redondez","gloss":"bluish"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"carminosa","lemma":"carminoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with azulenca","gloss":"crimson"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s6","source":"A veces la luz roja o verde, descendía.","translation":"At times the red or green light descended.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies descendía","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"veces","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"part of the phrase A","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luz","lemma":"luz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of descendía","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"roja","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies luz","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"verde","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with roja","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"descendía","lemma":"descender","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"descended"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s7","source":"Luego todo permanecía quieto, dejando de rechinar las cadenas en las roldanas y cesando el roce de los alambres en las piedras.","translation":"Then everything stayed still, the chains ceasing to grind on the pulleys and the wires no longer rasping against the stones.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p1-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dejando de rechinar / cesando","title":"Gerunds for simultaneous action","body":"«dejando» and «cesando» are gerunds (-ando/-iendo, like English '-ing'). They tack on what happens at the same time as the main verb «permanecía» ('stayed still'): everything goes quiet as the chains stop grinding and the wires stop rasping. «dejar de» + infinitive means 'to stop doing'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies permanecía","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of permanecía","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"permanecía","lemma":"permanecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"quieto","lemma":"quieto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of permanecía","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"dejando","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on permanecía","gloss":"ceasing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rechinarlas","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"rechinar","lemma":"rechinar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dejar de","gloss":"to grind, to creak"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"article, definite, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cadenas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cadenas","lemma":"cadena","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of rechinarlas","gloss":"chains"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking roldanas","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of roldanas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"roldanas","lemma":"roldana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of rechinarlas","gloss":"pulleys"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cesando","lemma":"cesar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"coordinated with dejando","gloss":"ceasing"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of roce","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"roce","lemma":"roce","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cesando","gloss":"rasping"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alambres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of alambres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alambres","lemma":"alambre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies roce","gloss":"wires"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piedras","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of piedras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piedras","lemma":"piedra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies roce","gloss":"stones"}]},{"number":8,"label":"2","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p2-s1","source":"Quedóse amodorrado.","translation":"He fell into a drowse.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"amodorrado","title":"«amodorrado» — heavy with sleep","body":"«amodorrado» means 'drowsy, torpid, half-asleep', from «modorra», a leaden, dull sleepiness. «Quedóse amodorrado» = 'he stayed / sank into a stupor'. The pronoun «se» is again attached to the end of «quedó»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quedóse","lemma":"quedar él","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to amodorrado","gloss":"he fell","note":"Quedóse is literary word order for se quedó ('he stayed/became'), attaching the reflexive pronoun to the verb's end."},{"surface":"amodorrado","lemma":"amodorrado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"drowsy"}]},{"number":9,"label":"3","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s1","source":"–¿Qué hago yo aquí?","translation":"—What am I doing here?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hago yo","title":"The dash and the emphatic «yo»","body":"The dash «–» opens Erdosain's interior monologue, the way Spanish marks speech instead of quotation marks. The pronoun «yo» ('I') is optional after «hago» ('I do'), so spelling it out adds emphasis: 'what am I doing here, of all people?'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hago","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"hago","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am I doing"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of hago","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hago","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s2","source":"¿Por qué me quedo aquí?","translation":"Why do I stay here?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"Por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"Why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of quedo","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive, singular","role":"reflexive particle of quedo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"quedo","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do I stay"},{"surface":"aquí","lemma":"aquí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quedo","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s3","source":"¿Es cierto que quiero matarlo?","translation":"Is it true that I want to kill him?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cierto","gloss":"Is"},{"surface":"cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quiero","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"depends on cierto","gloss":"I want"},{"surface":"matarlo","lemma":"matar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiero","gloss":"to kill him"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s4","source":"¿O es que quiero tener la voluntad de sentir el deseo de matarlo?","translation":"Or is it that I want to have the will to feel the desire to kill him?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿O es que…?","title":"«¿O es que…?» — pressing a doubt","body":"«¿O es que…?» literally 'Or is it that…?' is a set way to reframe a question with a sharper alternative, often skeptical or self-interrogating. Here it lets Erdosain peel back his own motive layer by layer."}],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"O","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies es","gloss":"Or"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quiero","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"I want"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiero","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voluntad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voluntad","lemma":"voluntad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sentir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sentir","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying voluntad","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of deseo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"deseo","lemma":"deseo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sentir","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of matarlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"matarlo","lemma":"matar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying deseo","gloss":"kill him"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s5","source":"¿Es necesario eso?","translation":"Is that necessary?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to necesario","gloss":"Is"},{"surface":"necesario","lemma":"necesario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of necesario","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s6","source":"Ahora ella estará revolcándose con él.","translation":"Right now she must be rolling around with him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"estará revolcándose","title":"Future of probability","body":"«estará» is the future tense, but here it does not mean 'will be'. Spanish uses the future to guess about the present: «estará revolcándose» = 'she must be / is probably rolling around'. The progressive «estar» + gerund stresses the action in progress, and «revolcarse» is pronominal ('to roll about, wallow')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies revolcándose","gloss":"Right now"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of revolcándose","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"estará","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of revolcándose","gloss":"must be","note":"The future tense here expresses probability ('must be'), not future time."},{"surface":"revolcándose","lemma":"revolcar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rolling around"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of revolcándose","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s7","source":"Pero, ¿qué me importa a mí?","translation":"But what do I care?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿qué me importa a mí?","title":"«importar» works like «gustar»","body":"«importar» ('to matter') takes an indirect object: «me importa» = 'it matters to me'. The redundant «a mí» doubles the «me» for emphasis — 'what does it matter to *me*?'. The thing that matters is the grammatical subject, the person it matters to is the object."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies importa","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of importa","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of importa","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"importa","lemma":"importar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"oblique complement of importa","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s8","source":"Antes, cuando la sabía sola en casa, mientras yo estaba en el café, sufría por ella, sufría porque era desdichada a mi lado... ahora—claro... ya se habrán dormido, ella con la cabeza sobre el pecho de él.","translation":"Before, when I knew she was alone at home while I was at the café, I suffered for her, suffered because she was unhappy at my side... now—of course... they will have fallen asleep by now, she with her head on his chest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"la sabía sola","title":"«saber» + a state","body":"«la sabía sola» = 'I knew her [to be] alone', i.e. 'I knew she was alone'. Spanish can follow «saber» directly with an object and a describing adjective, with no 'that… was'. The imperfect «sabía» marks the ongoing habit of those evenings."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"se habrán dormido","title":"Future perfect of probability","body":"«se habrán dormido» is the future perfect: literally 'they will have fallen asleep'. As with «estará», the future tense here guesses about a completed present situation — 'by now they've surely fallen asleep'. «dormirse» (pronominal) is 'to fall asleep', distinct from «dormir» 'to sleep'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sufría","gloss":"Before"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sabía","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sabía","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"sabía","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sufría","gloss":"I knew"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies la","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sabía","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estaba","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sufría","gloss":"I was"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking café","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of café","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"café","lemma":"café","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estaba","gloss":"café"},{"surface":"sufría","lemma":"sufrir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I suffered"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ella","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sufría","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"sufría","lemma":"sufrir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sufría","gloss":"suffered"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desdichada","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to desdichada","gloss":"she was"},{"surface":"desdichada","lemma":"desdichado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"unhappy"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lado","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of lado","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"lado","lemma":"lado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desdichada","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"ahora—claro","lemma":"ahora—claro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies habrán","gloss":"now—of course"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dormido","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dormido","gloss":"themselves","note":"Se turns dormir ('sleep') into dormirse ('fall asleep')."},{"surface":"habrán","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of dormido","gloss":"will have"},{"surface":"dormido","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fallen asleep"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of dormido","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabeza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ella","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pecho","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pecho","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pecho","lemma":"pecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cabeza","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pecho","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s9","source":"¡Nombre de Dios!","translation":"Name of God!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nombre","lemma":"nombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Name"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dios","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies Nombre","gloss":"God"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s10","source":"¿Y ésta es la vida?","translation":"And this is life?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"Y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies es","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"ésta","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of vida","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vida","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s11","source":"¡Estar perdidos, siempre perdidos!","translation":"To be lost, always lost!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Estar perdidos","title":"Bare infinitive as exclamation","body":"«Estar» in the infinitive, with no subject, throws the whole idea up as a cry: 'to be lost!'. Spanish often uses a naked infinitive this way for a generalized lament or command. «perdidos» agrees in the plural — he means himself and the others."}],"words":[{"surface":"Estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to perdidos","gloss":"To be"},{"surface":"perdidos","lemma":"perdido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies perdidos","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"perdidos","lemma":"perdido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with perdidos","gloss":"lost"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s12","source":"¿Pero yo seré realmente el que soy?","translation":"But am I really the one I am?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"seré… el que soy","title":"Future of probability vs. plain present","body":"«seré» (future) is again a guess about now — 'am I really…?'. It sits against «soy» (plain present, 'I am'), so the line pivots between doubting and asserting his own identity: 'am I really the one that I am?' This «ser» / identity question is the chapter's hinge."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"Pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies seré","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of seré","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"seré","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will I be"},{"surface":"realmente","lemma":"realmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies seré","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"complement of soy","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of seré","gloss":"I am"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s13","source":"¿O seré otro?","translation":"Or am I someone else?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"O","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"Or"},{"surface":"seré","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to otro","gloss":"will I be"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"someone else"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s14","source":"¡La tristeza!","translation":"The sadness!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tristeza","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"tristeza","lemma":"tristeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sadness"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s15","source":"¡vivir con extrañeza!","translation":"to live with strangeness!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"extrañeza","title":"«extrañeza» — estrangement","body":"«extrañeza» spans 'strangeness, surprise, estrangement'. Here it names the feeling of being a stranger to oneself — living as if alien to one's own life. It is a key Arltian mood: the self watched from outside."}],"words":[{"surface":"vivir","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking extrañeza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"extrañeza","lemma":"extrañeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vivir","gloss":"strangeness"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s16","source":"Esto es lo que me pasa.","translation":"This is what happens to me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"antecedent of que (forms lo que, \"what\")","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of pasa","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pasa","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"pasa","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"happens"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s17","source":"Igual que a él.","translation":"The same as to him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Igual","lemma":"igual","morphology":"adjective","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"The same"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with él","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition a","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s18","source":"Cuando está lejos me lo imagino tal cual es, canalla, desdichado.","translation":"When he is far away I picture him just as he is, a scoundrel, a wretch.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s18.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me lo imagino","title":"Reflexive «imaginarse»","body":"«imaginarse» adds a reflexive «me» that personalizes the act: 'I picture him to myself'. The «lo» is the direct object ('him'). Stacking «me lo» — indirect then direct object — is the normal order of clitic pronouns in Spanish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of está","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to lejos","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lejos","lemma":"lejos","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of está","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"indirect object of imagino","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of imagino","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"imagino","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I picture"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase tal cual (fixed expression, \"just as\")","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"cual","lemma":"cual","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"introduces the clause of es","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the clause introduced by cual (implicit subject él)","gloss":"he is"},{"surface":"canalla","lemma":"canalla","morphology":"noun, invariable, singular","role":"in apposition to lo (describes him)","gloss":"a scoundrel","note":"canalla is an invariable noun/adjective for \"scoundrel, rogue\", regardless of the referent's gender."},{"surface":"desdichado","lemma":"desdichado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with canalla, in apposition to lo","gloss":"a wretch"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s19","source":"Casi me rompe la nariz.","translation":"He almost broke my nose.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me rompe la nariz","title":"Dative of possession","body":"Spanish does not say 'broke my nose' but 'broke the nose to me': «me rompe la nariz». The body part takes the article «la», and the indirect object «me» shows whose it is. This 'dative of possession' is standard for actions done to one's body."}],"words":[{"surface":"Casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rompe","gloss":"Almost"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of rompe","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"rompe","lemma":"romper","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"breaks"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nariz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nariz","lemma":"nariz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of rompe","gloss":"nose"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s20","source":"¡Pero qué formidable!","translation":"But how astonishing!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of formidable","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"formidable","lemma":"formidable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"astonishing"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s21","source":"¡Resulta ahora al final de cuentas que el cornudo y apaleado es él y no yo!","translation":"It turns out now, when all is said and done, that the cuckold who got the beating is him and not me!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s21.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"al final de cuentas","title":"«al final de cuentas» — in the end","body":"«al final de cuentas» (also «a fin de cuentas») is an idiom: 'in the end, when all is said and done'. «cornudo» is 'cuckold' (the betrayed husband) and «apaleado» 'beaten, thrashed' — the bitter joke is that the roles have flipped onto the other man."}],"words":[{"surface":"Resulta","lemma":"resultar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"It turns out"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Resulta","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase al final de cuentas (idiom, \"when all is said and done\")","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"final","lemma":"final","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase al final de cuentas","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase al final de cuentas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cuentas","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"part of the phrase al final de cuentas, oblique complement of Resulta","gloss":"accounts","note":"al final de cuentas is a fixed idiom meaning \"when all is said and done, in the final analysis\"."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cornudo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cornudo","lemma":"cornudo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"cuckold"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"apaleado","lemma":"apaleado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with cornudo","gloss":"beaten"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to él","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies yo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with él","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s22","source":"¡Yo!...","translation":"Me!...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Me"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s23","source":"¡Realmente, la vida es una bufonada!","translation":"Truly, life is a buffoonery!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s23.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bufonada","title":"«bufonada» — a clownish farce","body":"«bufonada» means 'a piece of buffoonery, a clownish jest', from «bufón» ('jester'). Calling life a «bufonada» casts existence as a grotesque farce — a recurring Arltian verdict."}],"words":[{"surface":"Realmente","lemma":"realmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence adverb, modifies es","gloss":"Truly"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bufonada","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bufonada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bufonada","lemma":"bufonada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"buffoonery"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s24","source":"Y sin embargo, hay algo serio.","translation":"And yet, there is something serious.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s24.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sin embargo","title":"«sin embargo» — and yet","body":"«sin embargo» means 'however, nevertheless, and yet'. It pivots the thought against what came just before. Erdosain leans on it again and again, swinging between mockery and dread."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase sin embargo (\"however, yet\")","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase sin embargo","gloss":"however","note":"sin embargo is a fixed phrase meaning \"however, nevertheless\"; literally \"without hindrance\"."},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"serio","lemma":"serio","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"serious"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s25","source":"¿Por qué me repugna cuando está cerca?","translation":"Why does he disgust me when he is near?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p3-s25.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me repugna","title":"«repugnar» like «gustar»","body":"«repugnar» ('to disgust, repel') is built like «gustar»: «me repugna» = 'he is repugnant to me'. The person who disgusts is the subject, and «me» is the one feeling it. So 'why does he disgust me' is, word for word, 'why is he repugnant to me'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"For"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of preposition Por","gloss":"what","note":"\"Por qué\" together means \"why\"."},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of repugna","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"repugna","lemma":"repugnar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"disgusts"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of está","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on repugna","gloss":"he is"},{"surface":"cerca","lemma":"cerca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies está","gloss":"near"}]},{"number":34,"label":"4","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p4-s1","source":"Unas sombras se mecían ante la vidriera amarilla de los telegrafistas.","translation":"Some shadows swayed before the telegraph operators' yellow window.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se mecían","title":"Pronominal verb «mecerse»","body":"«mecerse» ('to sway, rock') is pronominal — the «se» shows the shadows move on their own, not that something rocks them. The imperfect «mecían» keeps the motion ongoing, a continuous shimmer in the scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"Unas","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of sombras","gloss":"Some"},{"surface":"sombras","lemma":"sombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of mecían","gloss":"shadows"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of mecían","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"mecían","lemma":"mecir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swayed"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vidriera","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vidriera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vidriera","lemma":"vidriera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mecían","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"amarilla","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vidriera","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking telegrafistas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of telegrafistas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"telegrafistas","lemma":"telegrafista","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"modifies vidriera","gloss":"telegraph operators"}]},{"number":35,"label":"5","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s1","source":"–¿Matarlo o no matarlo?","translation":"—To kill him or not to kill him?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Matarlo","title":"Infinitive + attached object","body":"«Matarlo» is the infinitive «matar» ('to kill') with the object pronoun «lo» ('him') glued to the end. Object pronouns always attach to an infinitive, gerund, or affirmative command, never stand before it there. The whole phrase poses the choice as a bare 'to kill him or not'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Matarlo","lemma":"matar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"To kill him"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies matarlo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"matarlo","lemma":"matar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with Matarlo","gloss":"to kill him"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s2","source":"¿Qué me importa esto a mí?","translation":"What does this matter to me?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies importa (degree: \"to what extent\")","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of importa","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"importa","lemma":"importar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of importa","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, singular","role":"oblique complement of importa","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s3","source":"¿Me importa matarlo?","translation":"Does killing him matter to me?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of importa","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"importa","lemma":"importar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"matarlo","lemma":"matar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of importa","gloss":"killing him"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s4","source":"Seamos sinceros.","translation":"Let's be honest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Seamos","title":"«nosotros» command (subjunctive)","body":"«Seamos» is the first-person plural present subjunctive of «ser», used as a 'let's…' command: 'let us be'. Spanish forms 'let's…' with this subjunctive form, not a separate word. «Seamos sinceros» = 'let's be sincere/honest'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Seamos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, plural (imperative use)","role":"copula linking to sinceros","gloss":"Let's be"},{"surface":"sinceros","lemma":"sincero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"honest"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s5","source":"¿Me importa matarlo?","translation":"Does killing him matter to me?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of importa","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"importa","lemma":"importar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"matarlo","lemma":"matar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of importa","gloss":"killing him"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s6","source":"¿O es que no me importa nada?","translation":"Or is it that nothing matters to me at all?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no… nada","title":"Double negative","body":"Spanish uses two negatives together where English uses one: «no me importa nada» = 'nothing matters to me' (literally 'not… matters… nothing'). The «no» before the verb and «nada» after it reinforce each other rather than cancel out."}],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"Or"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of importa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies importa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of importa","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"importa","lemma":"importar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"matters"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of importa","gloss":"nothing"}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s7","source":"¿Que me da igual que viva?","translation":"That it's all the same to me whether he lives?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que viva","title":"Subjunctive after «dar igual»","body":"«me da igual» ('it's all the same to me') triggers the subjunctive in the clause that follows: «que viva» = 'whether/that he live'. «viva» is the present subjunctive of «vivir». Expressions of indifference, emotion, or will pull the verb into the subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of da","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of da","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"igual","lemma":"igual","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies da","gloss":"the same","note":"\"dar igual\" is an idiom meaning \"to make no difference, to be all the same\"."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of viva","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"viva","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of da","gloss":"he lives"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s8","source":"Y sin embargo quiero tener voluntad de matarlo.","translation":"And yet I want to have the will to kill him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase sin embargo (\"however, yet\")","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase sin embargo","gloss":"however","note":"sin embargo is a fixed phrase meaning \"however, nevertheless\"."},{"surface":"quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I want"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiero","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"voluntad","lemma":"voluntad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"the will"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of matarlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"matarlo","lemma":"matar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying voluntad","gloss":"kill him"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s9","source":"Si ahora viniera un dios y me preguntara: ¿Quieres tener fuerzas para destruir a la humanidad?","translation":"If a god came now and asked me: Do you want to have the strength to destroy humanity?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Si… viniera… preguntara","title":"Imperfect subjunctive in an «if» clause","body":"«viniera» and «preguntara» are imperfect subjunctives of «venir» and «preguntar». After «si» ('if'), they set up a hypothetical, unreal condition: 'if a god were to come and ask me'. This pairing of «si» + imperfect subjunctive is how Spanish frames a 'what if'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of viniera","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies viniera","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"viniera","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dios","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of viniera","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of preguntara","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"preguntara","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with viniera","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"Quieres","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of preguntara","gloss":"Do you want"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Quieres","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"fuerzas","lemma":"fuerza","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"the strength"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of destruir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"destruir","lemma":"destruir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tener","gloss":"destroy"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks humanidad as a human direct object (personal a)","gloss":"marks object","note":"The personal \"a\" introduces a human direct object and has no direct English translation."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of humanidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"humanidad","lemma":"humanidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of destruir","gloss":"humanity"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s10","source":"¿Yo la destruiría?","translation":"Would I destroy it?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"destruiría","title":"The conditional","body":"«destruiría» is the conditional of «destruir» ('I would destroy'). It is the natural partner of the «si» + imperfect subjunctive above: 'if a god asked… I would destroy'. The «la» ('it') refers back to «la humanidad»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of destruiría","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of destruiría","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"destruiría","lemma":"destruir","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would destroy"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s11","source":"¿La destruiría yo?","translation":"Would I be the one to destroy it?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿La destruiría yo?","title":"Word order for emphasis","body":"He repeats the question with «yo» moved to the end: «¿La destruiría yo?». Spanish shifts the subject pronoun around freely, and putting «yo» last throws the weight onto 'I' — 'would *I*, of all people, do it?'."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of destruiría","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"destruiría","lemma":"destruir","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would destroy"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of destruiría","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s12","source":"No, no la destruiría.","translation":"No, I would not destroy it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"stand-alone interjection (the answer \"No\")","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies destruiría","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of destruiría","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"destruiría","lemma":"destruir","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would destroy"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s13","source":"Porque el poder hacerlo le quitaría interés al asunto.","translation":"Because being able to do it would take all interest out of the matter.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"el poder hacerlo","title":"Infinitive as a noun","body":"«el poder hacerlo» uses the article «el» to turn the verb phrase into a noun: 'the being-able-to-do-it', i.e. 'the very power to do it'. Spanish nominalizes infinitives this way where English would use a gerund ('being able'). «quitarle interés al asunto» = 'to take the interest out of the matter'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quitaría","gloss":"Because"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poder","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poder","lemma":"poder","morphology":"verb, infinitive (nominalized)","role":"head of the nominalized subject, governs hacerlo","gloss":"being able"},{"surface":"hacerlo","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of poder","gloss":"to do it"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of quitaría","gloss":"it","note":"redundant dative pronoun anticipating \"al asunto\" later in the sentence."},{"surface":"quitaría","lemma":"quitar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would take away"},{"surface":"interés","lemma":"interés","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of quitaría","gloss":"interest"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking asunto","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"asunto","lemma":"asunto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of quitaría (object of al)","gloss":"matter"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s14","source":"Además, ¿qué iba a hacer yo solo en la tierra?","translation":"Besides, what would I do all alone on the earth?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"iba a hacer","title":"«ir a» + infinitive for the near hypothetical","body":"«iba a hacer» is 'was going to do'. With the imperfect of «ir» plus an infinitive, Spanish projects a future seen from a hypothetical standpoint — 'what was I going to do / would I do'. It is a softer, more colloquial way to ask the conditional question."}],"words":[{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence adverb, modifies iba a hacer","gloss":"Besides"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hacer","gloss":"was going to"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of hacer","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies yo","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hacer","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s15","source":"¿Mirar cómo se oxidaban las dínamos en los talleres y cómo se desmoronaban los esqueletos que estaban a caballo encima de las calderas?","translation":"Watch how the dynamos rusted in the workshops and how the skeletons astride the boilers crumbled away?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se oxidaban / se desmoronaban","title":"«se» for things acting on their own","body":"«se oxidaban» ('rusted') and «se desmoronaban» ('crumbled') use «se» to show the change happens by itself, with no agent — the so-called 'middle' use of «se». English just says 'rusted' and 'crumbled'. The imperfect keeps the slow decay in continuous view."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mirar","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Watch"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of oxidaban","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of oxidaban","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"oxidaban","lemma":"oxidar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of Mirar","gloss":"rusted"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of dínamos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dínamos","lemma":"dínamo","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of oxidaban","gloss":"dynamos"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking talleres","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of talleres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"talleres","lemma":"taller","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of oxidaban","gloss":"workshops"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of desmoronaban","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desmoronaban","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"desmoronaban","lemma":"desmoronar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with oxidaban","gloss":"crumbled"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of esqueletos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esqueletos","lemma":"esqueleto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of desmoronaban","gloss":"skeletons"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of estaban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estaban","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying esqueletos","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a caballo encima de (idiom, \"astride\")","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"caballo","lemma":"caballo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase a caballo encima de","gloss":"horseback","note":"\"a caballo encima de\" is an idiom meaning \"astride, straddling\"."},{"surface":"encima","lemma":"encima","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase a caballo encima de","gloss":"atop"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a caballo encima de","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of calderas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"calderas","lemma":"caldera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of estaban (object of encima de)","gloss":"boilers"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s16","source":"Cierto es que él me ha abofeteado, pero, ¿me importa eso?","translation":"It's true that he slapped me, but does that matter to me?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me ha abofeteado","title":"Present perfect for a recent blow","body":"«ha abofeteado» is the present perfect ('has slapped'). Spanish uses the present perfect here to underline the ongoing psychological resonance of the slap; however, this usage is more typical of Peninsular Spanish. River Plate Spanish would more commonly express this with the simple preterite (me abofeteó). «abofetear» is 'to slap (across the face)', from «bofetada», 'a slap'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"True"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Cierto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of abofeteado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of abofeteado","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of abofeteado","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of abofeteado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"abofeteado","lemma":"abofetear","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"slapped"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of importa","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"importa","lemma":"importar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"matter"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of importa","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":51,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s17","source":"¡Qué lista!","translation":"What a list!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of lista","gloss":"What a"},{"surface":"lista","lemma":"lista","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"list"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s18","source":"¡Qué colección!","translation":"What a collection!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of colección","gloss":"What a"},{"surface":"colección","lemma":"colección","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"collection"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s19","source":"El capitán, Elsa, Barsut, el Hombre de Cabeza de Jabalí, el Astrólogo, el Rufián, Ergueta.","translation":"The captain, Elsa, Barsut, the Man with the Boar's Head, the Astrologer, the Ruffian, Ergueta.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p5-s19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of capitán","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"capitán","lemma":"capitán","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"captain"},{"surface":"Elsa","lemma":"Elsa","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with capitán","gloss":"Elsa"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with capitán","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Hombre","lemma":"Hombre","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with capitán","gloss":"Man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Cabeza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Cabeza","lemma":"Cabeza","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Hombre","gloss":"Head"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Jabalí","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Jabalí","lemma":"Jabalí","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Hombre","gloss":"Boar"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with capitán","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rufián","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rufián","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with capitán","gloss":"Ruffian"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with capitán","gloss":"Ergueta"}]},{"number":54,"label":"6","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p6-s1","source":"¡Qué lista!","translation":"What a list!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of lista","gloss":"What a"},{"surface":"lista","lemma":"lista","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"list"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p6-s2","source":"¿De dónde habrán salido tantos monstruos?","translation":"Where can so many monsters have come from?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p6-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"habrán salido","title":"Future perfect of conjecture","body":"«habrán salido» is the future perfect used to wonder about a past event: 'where can they have come from?'. As elsewhere in this chapter, the future tense expresses a guess rather than a real future. «salir de» here is 'to come / emerge from'."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dónde","gloss":"From"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of salido","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"habrán","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of salido","gloss":"can have"},{"surface":"salido","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"tantos","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of monstruos","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"monstruos","lemma":"monstruo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of salido","gloss":"monsters"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p6-s3","source":"Yo mismo estoy descentrado, no soy el que soy, y, sin embargo, algo necesito hacer para tener conciencia de mi existencia, para afirmarla.","translation":"I myself am off-center, I am not the one I am, and yet I need to do something to have awareness of my existence, to affirm it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p6-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Yo mismo","title":"«mismo» for emphasis","body":"«mismo» after a pronoun means '-self': «yo mismo» = 'I myself'. It intensifies the subject, throwing the spotlight back on the speaker. «descentrado» literally 'off-center', here 'unhinged, dislocated from himself'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"para afirmarla","title":"«para» + infinitive of purpose","body":"«para» + infinitive states purpose: «para afirmarla» = 'in order to affirm it'. The «la» refers to «mi existencia». Spanish stacks these purpose clauses — 'to have awareness… to affirm it' — to drive the point home."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of estoy","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Yo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to descentrado","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"descentrado","lemma":"descentrado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"off-center"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies soy","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to el (predicate: el que soy)","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"antecedent of que (forms el que, \"the one who\")","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of soy","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"predicate of el que (relative clause verb)","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase sin embargo (\"however, yet\")","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase sin embargo","gloss":"however","note":"sin embargo is a fixed phrase meaning \"however, nevertheless\"."},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of necesito","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"necesito","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the third clause, coordinated with soy","gloss":"I need"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of necesito","gloss":"to do"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tener","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hacer","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"conciencia","lemma":"conciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"awareness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking existencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of existencia","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"existencia","lemma":"existencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies conciencia","gloss":"existence"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of afirmarla","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"afirmarla","lemma":"afirmar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on necesito","gloss":"affirm it"}]},{"number":57,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p6-s4","source":"Eso mismo, para afirmarla.","translation":"That's it exactly, to affirm it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p6-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Eso","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of afirmarla","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"afirmarla","lemma":"afirmar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Eso","gloss":"affirm it"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p6-s5","source":"Porque yo soy como un muerto.","translation":"Because I am like a dead man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p6-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of soy","gloss":"Because"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of soy","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to muerto","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of muerto","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of muerto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"muerto","lemma":"muerto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"dead man"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p6-s6","source":"No existo ni para el capitán ni para Elsa, ni para Barsut.","translation":"I do not exist for the captain, nor for Elsa, nor for Barsut.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p6-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ni… ni…","title":"«ni… ni…» — neither, nor","body":"«ni… ni…» strings together negatives: 'neither… nor…'. With the «no» on the verb it forms a chain of denials — 'I don't exist for the captain, nor Elsa, nor Barsut'. Repeating «ni» before each item hammers the exclusion."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"existo","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exist"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking capitán","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of capitán","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"capitán","lemma":"capitán","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition para","gloss":"captain"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Elsa","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Elsa","lemma":"Elsa","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with capitán","gloss":"Elsa"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Elsa","gloss":"Barsut"}]},{"number":60,"label":"7","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s1","source":"Ellos si quieren pueden hacerme meter preso, Barsut abofetearme otra vez, Elsa irse con otro en mis barbas, el capitán llevársela nuevamente.","translation":"They, if they want, can have me thrown in jail, Barsut can slap me again, Elsa can go off with another man right under my nose, the captain can take her away once more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hacerme meter preso","title":"«hacer» + infinitive (causative)","body":"«hacer» + infinitive means 'to make / have (something done)': «hacerme meter preso» = 'to have me put in prison'. The «me» is who it's done to. «meter preso» is the idiom 'to lock up, jail'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"en mis barbas","title":"«en mis barbas» — to my face","body":"«en mis barbas» (literally 'in my beard') is an idiom meaning 'right in front of me, to my very face, under my nose' — with the added sting of being done brazenly. «llevársela» combines «llevar» ('take away') with «se» + «la» ('her')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"subject of pueden","gloss":"They"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quieren","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"quieren","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on pueden","gloss":"they want"},{"surface":"pueden","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of hacerme","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"hacerme","lemma":"hacer yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have me"},{"surface":"meter","lemma":"meter","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacerme","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"preso","lemma":"preso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of meter (describes the implied direct object, \"me\")","gloss":"in jail"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of abofetearme","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"abofetearme","lemma":"abofetear yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hacerme, main verb of Barsut's clause","gloss":"slap me"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of abofetearme","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"Elsa","lemma":"Elsa","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of irse","gloss":"Elsa"},{"surface":"irse","lemma":"ir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hacerme, main verb of Elsa's clause","gloss":"go off"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of irse","gloss":"another man"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barbas","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"mis","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of barbas","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"barbas","lemma":"barba","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of irse","gloss":"nose","note":"\"en mis barbas\" is an idiom meaning \"right under my nose\", literally \"in my beard(s)\"."},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of capitán","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"capitán","lemma":"capitán","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of llevársela","gloss":"captain"},{"surface":"llevársela","lemma":"llevar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hacerme, main verb of the captain's clause","gloss":"take her away"},{"surface":"nuevamente","lemma":"nuevamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llevársela","gloss":"once more"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s2","source":"Para todos soy la negación de la vida.","translation":"To everyone I am the negation of life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking todos","gloss":"To"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of soy","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to negación","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of negación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"negación","lemma":"negación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"negation"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies negación","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s3","source":"Soy algo así como el no ser.","translation":"I am something like non-being.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"el no ser","title":"Negated infinitive as a noun","body":"«el no ser» turns the infinitive «ser» ('to be'), with «no» in front, into a noun: 'non-being, not-being'. The article «el» makes the whole phrase a thing one can name. This is the philosophical core of the chapter — Erdosain defining himself as «no ser»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to algo","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase así","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ser","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ser","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"complement of como","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s4","source":"Un hombre no es como acción, luego no existe.","translation":"A man is not, as action, and so he does not exist.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"luego no existe","title":"«luego» as 'therefore'","body":"Besides 'later/then', «luego» can mean 'therefore, hence' in a logical chain — the sense of the Latin 'ergo'. «no es… luego no existe» reads like a parody of Descartes: 'he is not… therefore he does not exist'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is","note":"Ser is used absolutely here ('is not'); 'como acción' is a separate comparison, not a direct predicate noun."},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of acción","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"acción","lemma":"acción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"action"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existe","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existe","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"existe","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"exist"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s5","source":"¿O existe a pesar de no ser?","translation":"Or does he exist in spite of not being?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"a pesar de","title":"«a pesar de» — in spite of","body":"«a pesar de» means 'in spite of, despite'. Followed by an infinitive: «a pesar de no ser» = 'despite not being'. The phrase weighs one thing against another — here, existing against not-being."}],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies existe","gloss":"Or"},{"surface":"existe","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"does he exist"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ser","gloss":"in","note":"'A pesar de' together means 'in spite of / despite.'"},{"surface":"pesar","lemma":"pesar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"spite"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ser","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s6","source":"Es y no es.","translation":"He is and is not.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"He is"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Es","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s7","source":"Ahí están esos hombres.","translation":"There are those men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ahí están","title":"«estar» for location","body":"Spanish splits 'to be' into «ser» and «estar». For where something is physically located you use «estar»: «ahí están esos hombres» = 'there those men are'. He has just been arguing about «ser» (essential being); the switch to «estar» quietly grounds the thought in the men actually present."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahí","lemma":"ahí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies están","gloss":"There"},{"surface":"están","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of están","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s8","source":"Seguramente tienen mujer, hijos, casa.","translation":"Surely they have a wife, children, a house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Seguramente","lemma":"seguramente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tienen","gloss":"Surely"},{"surface":"tienen","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"they have"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tienen","gloss":"a wife"},{"surface":"hijos","lemma":"hijo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with mujer","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with mujer","gloss":"a house"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s9","source":"Quizá son unos miserables.","translation":"Perhaps they are wretches.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quizá son","title":"«quizá» with indicative or subjunctive","body":"«quizá» ('perhaps') may take either the indicative or the subjunctive. With the indicative «son» the guess feels more confident — 'perhaps they really are wretches'. The subjunctive («sean») would make it more tentative."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies son","gloss":"Perhaps"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to miserables","gloss":"they are"},{"surface":"unos","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of miserables","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"miserables","lemma":"miserable","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wretches"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s10","source":"Pero si alguien tratara de invadir su casa, de arrebatarles un centavo o de tocarles la mujer, se volverían como fieras.","translation":"But if anyone tried to break into their house, to snatch a cent from them or to lay a hand on their wife, they would turn into wild beasts.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p7-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si… tratara… se volverían","title":"Unreal condition + conditional","body":"«si tratara» (imperfect subjunctive) sets up the hypothetical, and «se volverían» (conditional) gives the result: 'if anyone tried… they would turn'. «volverse» here is the pronominal 'to become / turn into'. «fieras» are 'wild beasts'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies volverían","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tratara","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"alguien","lemma":"alguien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of tratara","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"tratara","lemma":"tratar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on volverían","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of invadir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"invadir","lemma":"invadir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tratara","gloss":"break into"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of invadir","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of arrebatarles","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"arrebatarles","lemma":"arrebatar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with invadir","gloss":"snatch from them"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of centavo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"centavo","lemma":"centavo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of arrebatarles","gloss":"cent"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tocarles","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tocarles","lemma":"tocar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with arrebatarles","gloss":"touch what's theirs"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tocarles","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of volverían","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"volverían","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would turn"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fieras","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"fieras","lemma":"fiera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of volverían","gloss":"wild beasts"}]},{"number":70,"label":"8","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p8-s1","source":"¿Y yo por qué no me he rebelado?","translation":"And why have I not rebelled?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me he rebelado","title":"Pronominal «rebelarse»","body":"«rebelarse» ('to rebel, rise up') is pronominal, so it carries «me»: «me he rebelado» = 'I have rebelled'. Don't confuse «rebelarse» (rebel) with «revelar» (to reveal) — different verbs, near-identical sound."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies rebelado","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of rebelado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"why","note":"'Por qué' together means 'why.'"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of rebelado","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rebelado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of rebelado","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of rebelado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"rebelado","lemma":"rebelar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rebelled"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p8-s2","source":"¿Quién puede contestarme a esta pregunta?","translation":"Who can answer this question for me?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p8-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quién","lemma":"quién","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of contestarme","gloss":"Who"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of contestarme","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"contestarme","lemma":"contestar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answer me"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pregunta","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pregunta","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"pregunta","lemma":"pregunta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of contestarme","gloss":"question"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p8-s3","source":"Yo mismo no puedo.","translation":"I myself cannot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p8-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of puedo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Yo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puedo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"puedo","lemma":"poder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"}]},{"number":73,"label":"9","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s1","source":"Sé que existo así, como negación.","translation":"I know that I exist this way, as a negation.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sé","title":"«sé» — I know","body":"«sé» (with an accent) is the first-person present of «saber», 'I know (a fact)'. It is distinct from «se», the pronoun. Spanish has two verbs for 'to know': «saber» for facts and «conocer» for being acquainted with people or places."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of existo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"existo","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Sé","gloss":"I exist"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existo","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of negación","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"negación","lemma":"negación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of existo","gloss":"a negation"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s2","source":"Y cuando me digo todas estas cosas no estoy triste, sino que el alma se me queda en silencio, la cabeza en vacío.","translation":"And when I say all these things to myself I am not sad; rather, my soul falls silent within me, my head empty.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"no… sino que","title":"«sino que» — but rather","body":"After a negative, 'but' is «sino», not «pero». When a full clause with its own verb follows, it becomes «sino que»: «no estoy triste, sino que… se me queda en silencio» = 'I'm not sad, but rather it falls silent'. It corrects the first statement instead of just adding to it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies triste","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of digo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"indirect object of digo","gloss":"to myself"},{"surface":"digo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on triste","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of estas","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"estas","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of digo","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies triste","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to triste","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase sino","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of queda","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of queda","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of queda","gloss":"within me"},{"surface":"queda","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"falls"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies queda","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"silencio","lemma":"silencio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of the elided queda","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vacío","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vacío","lemma":"vacío","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"empty"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s3","source":"Entonces, después de ese silencio y vacío me sube desde el corazón la curiosidad del asesinato.","translation":"Then, after that silence and emptiness, the curiosity of murder rises in me from the heart.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me sube… la curiosidad","title":"Subject after the verb","body":"The real subject, «la curiosidad del asesinato», comes after the verb «sube» ('rises'); «me» marks it as rising in him. Literally 'there rises in me from the heart the curiosity of murder'. Holding the subject back lets the dreadful noun land at the end."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sube","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sube","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking silencio","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of silencio","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"silencio","lemma":"silencio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of después","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vacío","lemma":"vacío","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with silencio","gloss":"emptiness"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of sube","gloss":"in me"},{"surface":"sube","lemma":"subir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"desde","lemma":"desde","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corazón","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corazón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"corazón","lemma":"corazón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sube","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of curiosidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"curiosidad","lemma":"curiosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sube","gloss":"curiosity"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking asesinato","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"asesinato","lemma":"asesinato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies curiosidad","gloss":"murder"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s4","source":"Eso mismo.","translation":"That's it exactly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Eso","gloss":"exactly"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s5","source":"No estoy loco, ya que sé pensar, razonar.","translation":"I am not mad, since I know how to think, to reason.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ya que","title":"«ya que» — since, given that","body":"«ya que» introduces a reason already taken as known: 'since, seeing that'. «sé pensar» uses «saber» + infinitive for 'to know how to': 'I know how to think'. The title of the novel — «los siete locos», 'the seven madmen' — hangs over this protest of sanity."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies loco","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to loco","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of sé","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase ya","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on loco","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"pensar","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sé","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"razonar","lemma":"razonar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sé","gloss":"reason"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s6","source":"Me sube la curiosidad del asesinato, curiosidad que debe ser mi ultima tristeza, la tristeza de la curiosidad.","translation":"The curiosity of murder rises in me, a curiosity that must be my last sorrow, the sorrow of curiosity.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"debe ser","title":"«deber» for supposition","body":"«deber» + infinitive (without «de») normally marks obligation, but it also expresses a strong supposition: «debe ser» = 'it must be / surely is'. Here it reads as inference, not duty — 'this must be my last sorrow'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of sube","gloss":"in me"},{"surface":"sube","lemma":"subir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of curiosidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"curiosidad","lemma":"curiosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sube","gloss":"curiosity"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking asesinato","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"asesinato","lemma":"asesinato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies curiosidad","gloss":"murder"},{"surface":"curiosidad","lemma":"curiosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to the first curiosidad","gloss":"a curiosity"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of debe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ser","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to tristeza","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tristeza","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ultima","lemma":"último","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tristeza","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"tristeza","lemma":"tristeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of ser","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tristeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tristeza","lemma":"tristeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to the first tristeza","gloss":"the sorrow"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking curiosidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of curiosidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"curiosidad","lemma":"curiosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tristeza","gloss":"curiosity"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s7","source":"O el demonio de la curiosidad.","translation":"Or the demon of curiosity.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"Or"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of demonio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"demonio","lemma":"demonio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"demon"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking curiosidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of curiosidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"curiosidad","lemma":"curiosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies demonio","gloss":"curiosity"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s8","source":"Ver cómo soy a través de un crimen.","translation":"To see how I am by way of a crime.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"a través de","title":"«a través de» — through, by way of","body":"«a través de» means 'through, across, by way of'. The chapter's title repeats this very phrase: to «ser» (to be) «a través de un crimen» — to discover one's own being *through* committing a crime. This is the idea the whole monologue circles."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"To see"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of soy","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Ver","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crimen","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"través","lemma":"través","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crimen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"crime"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s9","source":"Eso, eso mismo.","translation":"That, that's it exactly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"in apposition to Eso","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies eso","gloss":"exactly"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s10","source":"Ver cómo se comporta mi conciencia y mi sensibilidad en la acción de un crimen.","translation":"To see how my conscience and my sensibility behave in the act of a crime.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p9-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se comporta","title":"Pronominal «comportarse»","body":"«comportarse» ('to behave, conduct oneself') always carries the reflexive «se»: «se comporta» = 'it behaves'. «conciencia» here means both 'conscience' (moral sense) and 'consciousness' — Spanish uses one word for both."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"To see"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the clause of comporta","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of comporta","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"comporta","lemma":"comportar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Ver","gloss":"behave"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of conciencia","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"conciencia","lemma":"conciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of comporta","gloss":"conscience"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sensibilidad","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"sensibilidad","lemma":"sensibilidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with conciencia","gloss":"sensibility"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acción","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of acción","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"acción","lemma":"acción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of comporta","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crimen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crimen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies acción","gloss":"crime"}]},{"number":83,"label":"10","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s1","source":"«Sin embargo, estas palabras no me dan la sensación del crimen del mismo modo que el telegrama de una catástrofe en China no me da la sensación de la catástrofe.","translation":"\"And yet, these words do not give me the sensation of the crime any more than a telegram about a catastrophe in China gives me the sensation of the catastrophe.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"«Sin embargo…","title":"Guillemets open a long meditation","body":"The opening «guillemet» (angled quote mark) signals a sustained stretch of Erdosain's thought set off as a quotation. «del mismo modo que» = 'in the same way that', here making a comparison: the words no more convey the crime than a distant telegram conveys a real disaster."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies dan","gloss":"Yet","note":"'Sin embargo' is a fixed phrase meaning 'however / nevertheless' — it doesn't literally mean 'without embargo.'"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase Sin","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"estas","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of dan","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dan","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dan","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"dan","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sensación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sensación","lemma":"sensación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dan","gloss":"sensation"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crimen","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sensación","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking modo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of modo","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dan","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of da","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of telegrama","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"telegrama","lemma":"telegrama","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of da","gloss":"telegram"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking catástrofe","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of catástrofe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"catástrofe","lemma":"catástrofe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies telegrama","gloss":"catastrophe"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking China","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"China","lemma":"China","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies catástrofe","gloss":"China"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies da","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of da","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the comparative clause","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sensación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sensación","lemma":"sensación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of da","gloss":"sensation"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking catástrofe","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of catástrofe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"catástrofe","lemma":"catástrofe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sensación","gloss":"catastrophe"}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s2","source":"Es como si yo no fuera el que piensa el asesinato, sino otro.","translation":"It is as if I were not the one thinking the murder, but someone else.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si… fuera","title":"«como si» + imperfect subjunctive","body":"«como si» ('as if') always takes the imperfect (or pluperfect) subjunctive: «como si yo no fuera» = 'as if I were not'. It frames a counter-to-fact comparison. The split between the self who acts and the self who watches is the heart of this passage."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"It is"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fuera","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fuera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of fuera","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fuera","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Es","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of fuera","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of piensa","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"piensa","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying el","gloss":"thinks"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of asesinato","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"asesinato","lemma":"asesinato","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of piensa","gloss":"murder"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with el","gloss":"someone else"}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s3","source":"Otro que sería como yo un hombre liso, una sombra de hombre, a la manera del cinematógrafo.","translation":"Another who, like me, would be a flat man, a shadow of a man, in the manner of the cinema.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cinematógrafo","title":"«cinematógrafo» — the early cinema","body":"«cinematógrafo» is the period word for the movies (the projector and the picture-show). In 1929 the image is fresh and modern: a man as flat and weightless as a figure on a screen — present, moving, suffering, yet only a «sombra», a shadow."}],"words":[{"surface":"Otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Another"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sería","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to hombre","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of yo","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"complement of como","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of sería","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"liso","lemma":"liso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"flat"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sombra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sombra","lemma":"sombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to hombre","gloss":"shadow"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sombra","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manera","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of manera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manera","lemma":"manera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sería","gloss":"manner"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cinematógrafo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cinematógrafo","lemma":"cinematógrafo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies manera","gloss":"cinema"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s4","source":"Tiene relieve, se mueve, parece que existe, que sufre, y, sin embargo, no es nada más que una sombra.","translation":"He has relief, he moves, he seems to exist, to suffer, and yet he is nothing more than a shadow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no es nada más que","title":"«no… nada más que» — nothing but","body":"«no es nada más que una sombra» = 'he is nothing but a shadow'. The piled-up negatives «no… nada más que» tighten into the English 'nothing but / only'. It seals the image: all that apparent life is mere surface."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"He has"},{"surface":"relieve","lemma":"relieve","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Tiene","gloss":"relief"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of mueve","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"mueve","lemma":"mover","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Tiene","gloss":"he moves"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Tiene","gloss":"he seems"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of existe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"existe","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of parece","gloss":"exist"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sufre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sufre","lemma":"sufrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with existe","gloss":"suffer"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies es","gloss":"yet","note":"'Sin embargo' is a fixed phrase meaning 'however / nevertheless.'"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase sin","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Tiene","gloss":"he is"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate of es","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sombra","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sombra","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sombra","lemma":"sombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of nada","gloss":"shadow"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s5","source":"Le falta vida.","translation":"He lacks life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Le falta","title":"«faltar» like «gustar»","body":"«faltar» ('to be lacking') works like «gustar»: «le falta vida» = literally 'life is lacking to him', i.e. 'he lacks life'. The thing missing is the subject; «le» marks who goes without it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of falta","gloss":"He","note":"'Faltar' uses a dative construction: literally 'life is lacking to him.'"},{"surface":"falta","lemma":"faltar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lacks"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of falta","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s6","source":"Que diga Dios si esto no está bien razonado.","translation":"Let God say whether this is not well reasoned.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Que diga Dios","title":"«Que» + subjunctive for a wish/command","body":"«Que» followed by the subjunctive «diga» forms a third-person command or wish: 'let God say', 'may God say'. The «que» stands in for 'let / may'. It is the same structure as «¡que te vaya bien!» ('may it go well for you')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of diga","gloss":"Let"},{"surface":"diga","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of diga","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of razonado","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of razonado","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies razonado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to razonado","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies razonado","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"razonado","lemma":"razonado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of diga","gloss":"reasoned"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s7","source":"Bueno: ¿qué es lo que haría el hombre sombra?","translation":"Well then: what would the shadow-man do?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿qué es lo que…?","title":"«¿qué es lo que…?» — what exactly","body":"«¿qué es lo que haría…?» is an emphatic way to ask 'what is it that… would do?'. The frame «es lo que» adds insistence over a plain «¿qué haría…?». «haría» is the conditional, 'would do'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bueno","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Well"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of haría","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"haría","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying lo","gloss":"would do"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of haría","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"sombra","lemma":"sombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to hombre","gloss":"shadow"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s8","source":"El hombre sombra percibiría el hecho, pero no sentiría su pesantez, porque le faltaba volumen para contener un peso.","translation":"The shadow-man would perceive the deed, but would not feel its heaviness, because he lacked the volume to contain a weight.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"percibiría / sentiría","title":"Conditional for the hypothetical man","body":"«percibiría» and «sentiría» are conditionals ('would perceive', 'would feel'), keeping the shadow-man purely hypothetical. «pesantez» means 'heaviness, weight'; the figure, being flat, has no «volumen» to hold any «peso»."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of percibiría","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"sombra","lemma":"sombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to hombre","gloss":"shadow"},{"surface":"percibiría","lemma":"percibir","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would perceive"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hecho","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of percibiría","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentiría","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sentiría","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with percibiría","gloss":"would feel"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pesantez","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"pesantez","lemma":"pesantez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sentiría","gloss":"heaviness"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of faltaba","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of faltaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"faltaba","lemma":"faltar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sentiría","gloss":"lacked"},{"surface":"volumen","lemma":"volumen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of faltaba","gloss":"volume"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of contener","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"contener","lemma":"contener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on faltaba","gloss":"contain"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peso","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"peso","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of contener","gloss":"weight"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s9","source":"Es sombra.","translation":"He is shadow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sombra","gloss":"He is"},{"surface":"sombra","lemma":"sombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"shadow"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s10","source":"Yo también veo el suceso, pero no lo contengo.","translation":"I too see the event, but I do not contain it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of veo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veo","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"veo","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of suceso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suceso","lemma":"suceso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of veo","gloss":"event"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies contengo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of contengo","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"contengo","lemma":"contener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with veo","gloss":"contain"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s11","source":"Esta debe ser una teoría nueva.","translation":"This must be a new theory.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of teoría","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of teoría","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to teoría","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of teoría","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"teoría","lemma":"teoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"theory"},{"surface":"nueva","lemma":"nuevo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies teoría","gloss":"new"}]},{"number":94,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s12","source":"¿Qué diría un Juez del Crimen de conocerla?","translation":"What would a Criminal Judge say if he came to know it?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"de conocerla","title":"«de» + infinitive as a condition","body":"«de conocerla» uses «de» + infinitive to mean 'if he knew it / were to know it' — a compact substitute for a «si» clause. «conocerla» is «conocer» ('to know, become acquainted with') + «la» ('it', the theory)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of diría","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"diría","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would say"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Juez","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Juez","lemma":"Juez","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of diría","gloss":"Judge"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Crimen","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the name Juez","gloss":"Crime"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the conditional clause of conocerla","gloss":"if","note":"«De + infinitive» here works as a conditional (= 'si la conociera'), giving 'if he came to know it.'"},{"surface":"conocerla","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, infinitive, with enclitic pronoun la","role":"conditional clause modifying diría","gloss":"know it"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s13","source":"¿Se daría cuenta de lo sincero que soy?","translation":"Would he realize how sincere I am?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo sincero que soy","title":"«lo + adjective + que» — how…","body":"«lo sincero que soy» = 'how sincere I am'. The frame «lo + adjective + que» expresses degree, like English 'how…'. The adjective «sincero» here stays masculine singular agreeing with the abstract quality. «darse cuenta de» is the idiom 'to realize'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of daría","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"daría","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Would he realize","note":"«Darse cuenta de» is an idiom meaning 'to realize' — se and cuenta together carry that sense, not translated word for word."},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with daría","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sincero","gloss":"how","note":"«Lo + adjective + que» expresses degree: 'lo sincero que soy' = 'how sincere I am.'"},{"surface":"sincero","lemma":"sincero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of lo","gloss":"sincere"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of soy","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sincero","gloss":"I am"}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s14","source":"¿Mas cree esa gente en la sinceridad?","translation":"But do those people believe in sincerity?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Mas","title":"«mas» — but (literary)","body":"«mas» without an accent is a literary word for 'but' (= «pero»); it is not «más» ('more'). «esa gente» ('those people') is grammatically singular, so it takes the singular verb «cree» — 'those people believe'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating conjunction introducing the sentence","gloss":"But","note":"'Mas' (no accent) is a literary word for 'pero' ('but') — don't confuse it with 'más' ('more')."},{"surface":"cree","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of cree","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sinceridad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sinceridad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sinceridad","lemma":"sinceridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cree","gloss":"sincerity"}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s15","source":"Fuera de mí, de los límites de mi cuerpo, existe el movimiento, pero para ellos la vida mía debe ser tan inconcebible como vivir al mismo tiempo en la Tierra y en la Luna.","translation":"Outside of me, beyond the limits of my body, movement exists, but to them my life must be as inconceivable as living at the same time on the Earth and on the Moon.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la vida mía","title":"Possessive placed after the noun","body":"«la vida mía» = 'my life', with the long possessive «mía» put after the noun for emphasis or flavor, instead of the usual «mi vida». «tan… como» frames the comparison: 'as inconceivable as…'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fuera","lemma":"fuera","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existe","gloss":"Outside"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"oblique complement of Fuera","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking límites","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of límites","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"límites","lemma":"límite","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of existe","gloss":"limits"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuerpo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cuerpo","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"cuerpo","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies límites","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"existe","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exists"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of movimiento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"movimiento","lemma":"movimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of existe","gloss":"movement"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ellos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of inconcebible","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of inconcebible","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"mía","lemma":"mío","morphology":"possessive adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of inconcebible","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to inconcebible","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inconcebible","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"inconcebible","lemma":"inconcebible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"complement of ser","gloss":"inconceivable"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vivir","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"vivir","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on inconcebible","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiempo","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vivir","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Tierra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Tierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tierra","lemma":"Tierra","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of vivir","gloss":"Earth"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Luna","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Luna","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Luna","lemma":"Luna","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Tierra","gloss":"Moon"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s16","source":"Yo soy la nada para todos.","translation":"I am nothingness to everyone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la nada","title":"«la nada» — nothingness","body":"With the article «la», the negative word «nada» ('nothing') becomes a noun: «la nada» = 'the nothing, nothingness, the void'. Erdosain names himself with it — he is not merely unimportant but, to others, sheer nonexistence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of nada","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to nada","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"nothingness"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking todos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of soy","gloss":"everyone"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s17","source":"Y sin embargo, si mañana tiró una bomba, o asesino a Barsut, me convierto en el todo, en el hombre que existe, el hombre para quien infinitas generaciones de jurisconsultos prepararon castigos, cárceles y teorías.","translation":"And yet, if tomorrow I throw a bomb, or murder Barsut, I become the whole, the man who exists, the man for whom endless generations of jurists prepared punishments, prisons, and theories.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si mañana tiró… me convierto","title":"Present for a vivid future","body":"Grammar would expect a future or subjunctive here, but Arlt uses present-tense forms («me convierto», 'I become') after «si» to make the hypothesis feel immediate — a colloquial, breathless 'if I do X tomorrow, I turn into…'. «convertirse en» is 'to turn into, become'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"jurisconsultos","title":"«jurisconsultos» — jurists","body":"«jurisconsultos» are legal scholars / jurists. The grand, Latinate word casts the whole apparatus of law as an ancient machine built across «infinitas generaciones» just to receive a man like him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies convierto","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies convierto","gloss":"yet","note":"'Sin embargo' is a fixed phrase meaning 'however / nevertheless' — it doesn't literally mean 'without embargo.'"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase sin","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tiró","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiró","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"tiró","lemma":"tirar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on convierto","gloss":"I throw","note":"Despite its accented preterite spelling, 'tiró' functions here as a first-person present ('I throw'), paralleling 'asesino' in the same vivid hypothetical 'si' clause."},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bomba","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bomba","lemma":"bomba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tiró","gloss":"bomb"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"asesino","lemma":"asesinar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tiró","gloss":"murder","note":"Here 'asesino' is a verb ('[if I] murder'), not the noun 'a murderer.'"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut (personal a)","gloss":"marks object","note":"This is the 'personal a,' required before a human direct object; it has no independent translation."},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of asesino","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of convierto","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"convierto","lemma":"convertir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking todo","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of todo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of convierto","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of convierto","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of existe","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"existe","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"exists"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to hombre","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of prepararon","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"quien","lemma":"quien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"introduces the clause of prepararon","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"infinitas","lemma":"infinito","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies generaciones","gloss":"endless"},{"surface":"generaciones","lemma":"generación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of prepararon","gloss":"generations"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jurisconsultos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"jurisconsultos","lemma":"jurisconsulto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies generaciones","gloss":"jurists"},{"surface":"prepararon","lemma":"preparar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"prepared"},{"surface":"castigos","lemma":"castigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of prepararon","gloss":"punishments"},{"surface":"cárceles","lemma":"cárcel","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with castigos","gloss":"prisons"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"teorías","lemma":"teoría","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with castigos","gloss":"theories"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s18","source":"Yo, que soy la nada, de pronto pondré en movimiento ese terrible mecanismo de polizontes, secretarios, periodistas, abogados, fiscales, guardacárceles, coches celulares, y nadie verá en mí un desdichado sino el hombre antisocial, el enemigo que hay que separar de la sociedad.","translation":"I, who am nothingness, will suddenly set in motion that terrible mechanism of cops, clerks, journalists, lawyers, prosecutors, jailers, prison vans, and no one will see in me a wretch but rather the antisocial man, the enemy who must be cut off from society.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s18.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"polizontes","title":"«polizontes», «coches celulares»","body":"«polizontes» is slangy, scornful for 'cops, coppers'. «coches celulares» are the police 'paddy wagons / prison vans' (cells on wheels). Arlt's list piles up the gears of the penal machine in their grubby, concrete particularity."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"hay que separar","title":"«hay que» + infinitive","body":"«hay que» + infinitive states an impersonal necessity: «hay que separar» = 'one must separate / it must be separated'. No specific subject — it is what society in general 'has to' do. «el que hay que separar» = 'the one who must be cut off'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of pondré","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of nada","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"soy","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to nada","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of soy","gloss":"nothingness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase de pronto, modifies pondré","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de pronto, modifies pondré","gloss":"suddenly","note":"'De pronto' is a fixed idiom meaning 'suddenly.'"},{"surface":"pondré","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will set"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking movimiento","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"movimiento","lemma":"movimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pondré","gloss":"motion"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mecanismo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"terrible","lemma":"terrible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies mecanismo","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"mecanismo","lemma":"mecanismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pondré","gloss":"mechanism"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking polizontes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"polizontes","lemma":"polizonte","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies mecanismo","gloss":"cops"},{"surface":"secretarios","lemma":"secretario","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with polizontes","gloss":"clerks"},{"surface":"periodistas","lemma":"periodista","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with polizontes","gloss":"journalists"},{"surface":"abogados","lemma":"abogado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with polizontes","gloss":"lawyers"},{"surface":"fiscales","lemma":"fiscal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with polizontes","gloss":"prosecutors"},{"surface":"guardacárceles","lemma":"guardacárcel","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with polizontes","gloss":"jailers"},{"surface":"coches","lemma":"coche","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with polizontes","gloss":"vans"},{"surface":"celulares","lemma":"celular","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies coches","gloss":"prison","note":"«Coche celular» = 'prison van, patrol wagon'; 'celular' here means 'of cells/prisoners,' not 'cellular phone.'"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of verá","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"verá","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pondré","gloss":"will see"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"oblique complement of verá","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of desdichado","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"desdichado","lemma":"desdichado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of verá","gloss":"wretch"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with desdichado","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"antisocial","lemma":"antisocial","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"antisocial"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of enemigo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"enemigo","lemma":"enemigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to hombre","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of separar","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying enemigo (hay que + infinitive)","gloss":"must","note":"'Hay que' + infinitive = impersonal 'one must / it is necessary to.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links hay to separar (hay que + infinitive)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"separar","lemma":"separar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of hay","gloss":"separate"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sociedad","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of separar","gloss":"society"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s19","source":"¡Eso sí que es curioso!","translation":"Now that is curious!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Eso sí que","title":"«sí que» — emphatic affirmation","body":"«sí que» strongly affirms: «eso sí que es curioso» = 'that really is curious, now *that* is curious'. The «sí» is the stressed 'yes/indeed', not the conditional «si». It underlines the word that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"eso","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies es","gloss":"indeed","note":"'Sí que' is an emphatic intensifier meaning 'indeed, really.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase sí que","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to curioso","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"curioso","lemma":"curioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"curious"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s20","source":"Y sin embargo, sólo el crimen puede afirmar mi existencia, como sólo el mal afirma la presencia del hombre sobre la tierra.","translation":"And yet, only the crime can affirm my existence, just as only evil affirms the presence of man upon the earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s20.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sólo… como sólo","title":"«como» drawing a parallel","body":"«como» here means 'just as', setting up a parallel between two claims: only crime affirms his being, as only evil affirms mankind's. The repeated «sólo» ('only') makes each half an absolute. This is the dark thesis the chapter has been building toward."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies afirmar","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies afirmar","gloss":"yet","note":"'Sin embargo' is a fixed phrase meaning 'however / nevertheless' — it doesn't literally mean 'without embargo.'"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase sin","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies crimen","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crimen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of afirmar","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of afirmar","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"afirmar","lemma":"afirmar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"affirm"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of existencia","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"existencia","lemma":"existencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of afirmar","gloss":"existence"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of afirma","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mal","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mal","lemma":"mal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of afirma","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"afirma","lemma":"afirmar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on afirmar","gloss":"affirms"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of presencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"presencia","lemma":"presencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of afirma","gloss":"presence"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies presencia","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierra","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies presencia","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s21","source":"Y yo sería el Erdosain, previsto, temido, caracterizado por el código, y entre los miles de Erdosain anónimos que infectan el mundo, sería el otro Erdosain, el auténtico, el que es y será.","translation":"And I would be the Erdosain foreseen, feared, defined by the legal code, and among the thousands of anonymous Erdosains who infest the world, I would be the other Erdosain, the authentic one, the one who is and will be.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s21.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"el que es y será","title":"«el que» — the one who","body":"«el que es y será» = 'the one who is and will be'. «el que» means 'the one that/who'. Pairing the present «es» with the future «será» fuses being now with being to come — the authentic self he claims only the crime could realize."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies sería","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of Erdosain","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Erdosain","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Erdosain","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"previsto","lemma":"previsto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Erdosain","gloss":"foreseen"},{"surface":"temido","lemma":"temido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with previsto","gloss":"feared"},{"surface":"caracterizado","lemma":"caracterizado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with previsto","gloss":"defined"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking código","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of código","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"código","lemma":"código","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of caracterizado","gloss":"code"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking miles","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of miles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"miles","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"oblique complement of the second sería","gloss":"thousands"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies miles","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"anónimos","lemma":"anónimo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Erdosain","gloss":"anonymous"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of infectan","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"infectan","lemma":"infectar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying Erdosain","gloss":"infest"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of infectan","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"sería","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Erdosain","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Erdosain","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Erdosain","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of auténtico","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"auténtico","lemma":"auténtico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Erdosain","gloss":"authentic"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of es","gloss":"one who"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Erdosain","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with es","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s22","source":"Realmente, es curioso todo esto.","translation":"Truly, all this is curious.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p10-s22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Realmente","lemma":"realmente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies curioso","gloss":"Truly"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to curioso","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"curioso","lemma":"curioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"curious"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of esto","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of curioso","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":105,"label":"11","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s1","source":"Sin embargo, a pesar de todo existen las tinieblas y el alma del hombre es triste.","translation":"And yet, in spite of everything, the darkness exists and the soul of man is sad.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"las tinieblas","title":"«las tinieblas» — the darkness","body":"«tinieblas» (almost always plural) is deep, total 'darkness, gloom', heavier and more charged than ordinary «oscuridad». It carries a moral and spiritual weight — the night of the soul, not just the night of the station platform."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies existen","gloss":"Yet","note":"'Sin embargo' is a fixed phrase meaning 'however / nevertheless' — it doesn't literally mean 'without embargo.'"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase Sin","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking todo","gloss":"in","note":"'A pesar de' together means 'in spite of / despite.'"},{"surface":"pesar","lemma":"pesar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"spite"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of existen","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"existen","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exist"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of tinieblas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tinieblas","lemma":"tiniebla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of existen","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to triste","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sad"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s2","source":"Infinitamente triste.","translation":"Infinitely sad.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Infinitamente","lemma":"infinitamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies triste","gloss":"Infinitely"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sad"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s3","source":"Mas la vida no puede ser así.","translation":"But life cannot be like this.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating conjunction introducing the sentence","gloss":"But","note":"'Mas' (no accent) is a literary word for 'pero' ('but') — don't confuse it with 'más' ('more')."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of así","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies así","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of así","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to así","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"like this"}]},{"number":108,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s4","source":"Un sentimiento interno me dice que la vida no debe ser así.","translation":"An inner feeling tells me that life should not be like this.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no debe ser","title":"«deber» for what ought to be","body":"«deber» + infinitive can express obligation or rightness: «no debe ser así» = 'it ought not to be like this'. Set against «no puede ser» ('cannot be') just before, the pair separates what is impossible from what is simply wrong."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sentimiento","gloss":"An"},{"surface":"sentimiento","lemma":"sentimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dice","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"interno","lemma":"interno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sentimiento","gloss":"inner"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dice","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"dice","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tells"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of así","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of así","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies así","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of así","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to así","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"like this"}]},{"number":109,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s5","source":"Si yo descubriera la particularidad de por qué la vida no puede ser así, me pincharía, y como un globo me desinflaría de todo este viento de mentira y quedaría de mi apariencia actual un hombre flamante, fuerte como uno de los primeros dioses que animaron la creación.","translation":"If I were to discover the particular reason why life cannot be like this, I would prick myself, and like a balloon I would deflate of all this wind of lies, and out of my present appearance there would remain a brand-new man, strong as one of the first gods who breathed life into creation.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Si descubriera… me pincharía","title":"Full unreal conditional","body":"«si descubriera» (imperfect subjunctive) + a chain of conditionals «me pincharía… me desinflaría… quedaría» builds an extended 'if I were to… I would…'. «pincharse» and «desinflarse» are pronominal ('prick oneself', 'deflate'). The balloon image makes the whole self a bladder of «viento de mentira» — wind of lies."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"flamante","title":"«flamante» — brand-new","body":"«flamante» means 'brand-new, gleaming, freshly made'. Applied to «un hombre flamante» it promises a wholly remade self — bright and strong as a primordial god. The word's spark of newness cuts against the surrounding gloom."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of descubriera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of descubriera","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"descubriera","lemma":"descubrir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on pincharía","gloss":"were to discover"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of particularidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"particularidad","lemma":"particularidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of descubriera","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause modifying particularidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of puede","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of puede","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puede","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ser","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to así","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of ser","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of pincharía","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"pincharía","lemma":"pinchar","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would prick"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of globo","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of globo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"globo","lemma":"globo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of como","gloss":"balloon"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desinflaría","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"desinflaría","lemma":"desinflar","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pincharía","gloss":"would deflate"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies viento","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viento","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"viento","lemma":"viento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desinflaría","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mentira","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies viento","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quedaría","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with desinflaría","gloss":"there would remain"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking apariencia","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of apariencia","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"apariencia","lemma":"apariencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of quedaría","gloss":"appearance"},{"surface":"actual","lemma":"actual","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies apariencia","gloss":"present"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of quedaría","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"flamante","lemma":"flamante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"brand-new"},{"surface":"fuerte","lemma":"fuerte","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of uno","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of como","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dioses","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dioses","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"primeros","lemma":"primero","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies dioses","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"dioses","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies uno","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of animaron","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"animaron","lemma":"animar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying dioses","gloss":"breathed life into"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of creación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"creación","lemma":"creación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of animaron","gloss":"creation"}]},{"number":110,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s6","source":"Con todo esto me he ido a las ramas.","translation":"With all this I've wandered off the point.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"irse a las ramas","title":"«irse por las ramas» — to digress","body":"«irse a/por las ramas» (literally 'to go off into the branches') is an idiom: 'to wander off the point, beat around the bush, digress'. Erdosain catches himself drifting and yanks his thought back to the practical question of the Astrologer."}],"words":[{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esto","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of esto","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of ido","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ido","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ido","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wandered","note":"Idiom 'irse a las ramas' (lit. 'to go off to the branches') means to wander off the point or digress."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ramas","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ramas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ramas","lemma":"rama","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ido","gloss":"branches"}]},{"number":111,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s7","source":"¿Lo veo o no al Astrólogo?","translation":"Do I see the Astrologer or not?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Lo veo… al Astrólogo","title":"Doubled direct object","body":"The object appears twice: the pronoun «lo» before the verb and the full «al Astrólogo» after it. This clitic-doubling is common in River Plate Spanish, especially when the object is a known person. «a» before «el Astrólogo» is the 'personal a' marking a human object."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of veo","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"veo","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do I see"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with veo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of veo","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s8","source":"¿Qué dirá cuando me vea llegar otra vez?","translation":"What will he say when he sees me arrive again?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"cuando me vea","title":"Subjunctive after «cuando» for the future","body":"When «cuando» points to an action still to come, the verb goes into the subjunctive: «cuando me vea llegar» = 'when he sees me arrive'. «vea» is the present subjunctive of «ver». English just uses the present ('when he sees'), but Spanish marks the not-yet-real moment."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of dirá","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"dirá","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will say"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vea","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of vea","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on dirá","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"llegar","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of vea","gloss":"arrive"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llegar","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s9","source":"Quizá me espere.","translation":"Perhaps he is waiting for me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quizá me espere","title":"«quizá» with the subjunctive","body":"Here «quizá» takes the subjunctive «espere» (from «esperar»), making the guess more open and uncertain than the indicative would. Compare «quizá son» earlier, where the indicative felt surer. The mood itself shades how firmly he believes it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies espere","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of espere","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"espere","lemma":"esperar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is waiting"}]},{"number":114,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s10","source":"El es, como yo, un misterio para sí mismo.","translation":"He is, like me, a mystery to himself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"para sí mismo","title":"«sí mismo» — himself (reflexive)","body":"«sí» is the reflexive pronoun for the third person after a preposition, reinforced by «mismo»: «para sí mismo» = 'to/for himself'. It mirrors Erdosain's own «para mí mismo», binding the two men in the same self-estrangement."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"he","note":"Printed without the accent ('El' for 'Él'); here it is the subject pronoun 'he', not the article 'the'."},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to misterio","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of yo","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"complement of como","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of misterio","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"misterio","lemma":"misterio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mystery"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sí","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"modifies misterio","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sí","gloss":"self"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s11","source":"Esa es la verdad.","translation":"That is the truth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to verdad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of verdad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verdad","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"truth"}]},{"number":116,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s12","source":"Sabe tanto hacia dónde va como yo.","translation":"He knows where he is going as much as I do.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tanto… como yo","title":"«tanto… como» — as much as","body":"«tanto… como» frames 'as much… as': «sabe tanto… como yo» = 'he knows as much as I do'. Given the context, it is bitterly ironic — both of them know equally little. «hacia dónde va» = 'where he is heading'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlative with como, modifies Sabe","gloss":"as much"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dónde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of va","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Sabe","gloss":"is going"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of yo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"complement of como","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s13","source":"La sociedad secreta.","translation":"The secret society.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p11-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"secreta","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sociedad","gloss":"secret"}]},{"number":118,"label":"12","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s1","source":"Toda la sociedad se resume en él en estas palabras: sociedad secreta.","translation":"The whole of society sums itself up in him in these words: secret society.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se resume","title":"Pronominal «resumirse»","body":"«resumirse en» ('to be summed up in, boil down to') takes the «se» of a reflexive/passive sense: «se resume en estas palabras» = 'is summed up in these words'. Note the wordplay between «sociedad» ('society') and the Astrologer's «sociedad secreta» ('secret society')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sociedad","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of resume","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of resume","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"resume","lemma":"resumir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sums up"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of resume","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palabras","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"estas","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of resume","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to palabras","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"secreta","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sociedad","gloss":"secret"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s2","source":"Otro demonio.","translation":"Another demon.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of demonio","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"demonio","lemma":"demonio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"demon"}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s3","source":"¡Qué colección!","translation":"What a collection!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of colección","gloss":"what a"},{"surface":"colección","lemma":"colección","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"collection"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s4","source":"Barsut, Ergueta, el Ruñan y yo...","translation":"Barsut, Ergueta, the Ruffian, and me...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Barsut","gloss":"Ergueta"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Ruñan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ruñan","lemma":"Rufián","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Barsut","gloss":"Ruffian","note":"Surface 'Ruñan' appears to be an OCR corruption of 'Rufián' — this is 'el Rufián Melancólico,' a recurring character nicknamed 'the Ruffian' elsewhere in the novel."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with Barsut","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":122,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s5","source":"Ni expresamente se podía reunir tales ejemplares.","translation":"Not even on purpose could one gather together such specimens.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ni expresamente","title":"«ni» for 'not even'","body":"«ni» at the head of a clause means 'not even': «ni expresamente se podía reunir…» = 'not even on purpose could one gather…'. «se podía reunir» uses impersonal/passive «se» — 'one could gather / they could be gathered'. «ejemplares» ('specimens') treats the men like odd items in a collection."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies podía","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"expresamente","lemma":"expresamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies reunir","gloss":"on purpose"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, impersonal","role":"impersonal particle of reunir","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of reunir","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"reunir","lemma":"reunir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gather together"},{"surface":"tales","lemma":"tal","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ejemplares","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ejemplares","lemma":"ejemplar","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of reunir","gloss":"specimens"}]},{"number":123,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s6","source":"Y para colmo, la ciega embarazada.","translation":"And to top it all off, the blind pregnant woman.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"para colmo","title":"«para colmo» — to top it all off","body":"«para colmo» is an idiom: 'to top it all, on top of everything, as if that weren't enough'. It introduces the last, crowning absurdity of the list — «la ciega embarazada», the blind pregnant woman."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking colmo","gloss":"to top"},{"surface":"colmo","lemma":"colmo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase para colmo","gloss":"it all off"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ciega","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciega","lemma":"ciega","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"blind woman"},{"surface":"embarazada","lemma":"embarazado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ciega","gloss":"pregnant"}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s7","source":"¡Qué bestia!","translation":"What a brute!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p12-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of bestia","gloss":"what a"},{"surface":"bestia","lemma":"bestia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"brute"}]},{"number":125,"label":"13","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p13-s1","source":"El vigilante de la estación pasó por segunda vez ante Erdosain.","translation":"The station guard passed in front of Erdosain for the second time.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"pasó","title":"Preterite resumes the action","body":"After pages of reflection in the present, «pasó» (preterite of «pasar», 'passed') snaps the narration back to a single completed event in the past. The preterite is the tense of finished actions that move the story forward, as opposed to the scene-setting imperfect."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vigilante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vigilante","lemma":"vigilante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pasó","gloss":"guard"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of estación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estación","lemma":"estación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vigilante","gloss":"station"},{"surface":"pasó","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vez","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"segunda","lemma":"segundo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vez","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasó","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of pasó","gloss":"Erdosain"}]},{"number":126,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p13-s2","source":"Remo comprendió que llamaba la atención del hombre y entonces, levantándose, se dirigió hacia la casa del Astrólogo.","translation":"Remo understood that he was drawing the man's attention and so, getting up, he headed for the Astrologer's house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p13-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"levantándose","title":"Gerund of a pronominal verb","body":"«levantándose» is the gerund of «levantarse» ('to get up'), with «se» attached to the end — 'getting up'. It runs alongside the main verb «se dirigió» ('he headed for'). «Remo» is Erdosain's first name, Remo Erdosain."}],"words":[{"surface":"Remo","lemma":"Remo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of comprendió","gloss":"Remo"},{"surface":"comprendió","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of llamaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"llamaba","lemma":"llamar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of comprendió","gloss":"was drawing","note":"Idiom 'llamar la atención' means 'to draw/attract attention.'"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of atención","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"atención","lemma":"atención","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of llamaba","gloss":"attention"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies atención","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dirigió","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"levantándose","lemma":"levantar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dirigió","gloss":"getting up"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dirigió","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"dirigió","lemma":"dirigir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with comprendió","gloss":"headed"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dirigió","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"Astrologer"}]},{"number":127,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p13-s3","source":"No había luna.","translation":"There was no moon.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p13-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"No había luna","title":"«había» — there was/were","body":"«había» (imperfect of «haber») is the impersonal 'there was / there were'. It never changes for number: «no había luna» = 'there was no moon'. It is the past counterpart of «hay» ('there is/are')."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies había","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"luna","lemma":"luna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of había","gloss":"moon"}]},{"number":128,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p13-s4","source":"Los arcos voltaicos lucían entre las aéreas enramadas de las bocacalles.","translation":"The arc lamps shone among the airy boughs at the street corners.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p13-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"arcos voltaicos","title":"«arcos voltaicos» — arc lamps","body":"«arcos voltaicos» are 'arc lamps', the bright electric street lights of the period (named for the voltaic arc). «bocacalles» (literally 'mouths of the street') are 'street corners / intersections'. The technical light against natural «enramadas» (leafy boughs) is a typical Arlt contrast."}],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of arcos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"arcos","lemma":"arco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of lucían","gloss":"arcs"},{"surface":"voltaicos","lemma":"voltaico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies arcos","gloss":"voltaic","note":"'Arcos voltaicos' together = 'arc lamps,' the carbon-arc street lighting of the period."},{"surface":"lucían","lemma":"lucir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shone"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aéreas","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of aéreas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aéreas","lemma":"aéreo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies enramadas","gloss":"airy"},{"surface":"enramadas","lemma":"enramada","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of lucían","gloss":"boughs"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bocacalles","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of bocacalles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bocacalles","lemma":"bocacalle","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies enramadas","gloss":"street corners"}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p13-s5","source":"De alguna quinta salían los sones de un piano y a medida que caminaba, su corazón se empequeñecía más, oprimido por la angustia que le producía el espectáculo de la felicidad que adivinaba tras de los muros de aquellas casas refrescadas por las sombras, y frente a cuyas puertas cocheras se hallaba detenido un automóvil.","translation":"From some villa came the strains of a piano, and as he walked his heart grew smaller and smaller, crushed by the anguish brought on by the spectacle of the happiness he sensed behind the walls of those houses cooled by the shadows, before whose carriage doors an automobile stood parked.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/ser-a-traves-de-un-crimen-p13-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"a medida que","title":"«a medida que» — as, in step with","body":"«a medida que» means 'as, to the extent that, in step with': «a medida que caminaba, su corazón se empequeñecía» = 'as he walked, his heart kept shrinking'. It links two ongoing actions, both in the imperfect, so they unfold together."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"cuyas puertas","title":"«cuyo» — whose","body":"«cuyo/cuya» is the relative possessive 'whose'. It agrees with the thing possessed, not the owner: «cuyas puertas» = 'whose doors' (feminine plural to match «puertas»). «puertas cocheras» are the large 'carriage doors' of a house's coach entrance."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quinta","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"alguna","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies quinta","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"quinta","lemma":"quinta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of salían","gloss":"villa"},{"surface":"salían","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sones","lemma":"son","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of salían","gloss":"strains"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piano","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of piano","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"piano","lemma":"piano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sones","gloss":"piano"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase a medida que","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"medida","lemma":"medida","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase a medida que","gloss":"as","note":"Idiom 'a medida que' means 'as' (in step with, proportionally)."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase a medida que","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"caminaba","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on empequeñecía","gloss":"he walked"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of corazón","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"corazón","lemma":"corazón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of empequeñecía","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of empequeñecía","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"empequeñecía","lemma":"empequeñecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with salían","gloss":"grew smaller"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies empequeñecía","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"oprimido","lemma":"oprimido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies corazón","gloss":"crushed"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking angustia","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of angustia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of oprimido","gloss":"anguish"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of producía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of producía","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"producía","lemma":"producir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying angustia","gloss":"brought on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espectáculo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espectáculo","lemma":"espectáculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of producía","gloss":"spectacle"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking felicidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of felicidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"felicidad","lemma":"felicidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies espectáculo","gloss":"happiness"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of adivinaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"adivinaba","lemma":"adivinar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying felicidad","gloss":"sensed"},{"surface":"tras","lemma":"tras","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muros","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muros","gloss":"behind","note":"'Tras de' is a redundant compound preposition meaning simply 'behind' — common in older/regional Spanish."},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of muros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of adivinaba","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"aquellas","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of casas","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"casas","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies muros","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"refrescadas","lemma":"refrescada","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies casas","gloss":"cooled"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sombras","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of sombras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sombras","lemma":"sombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"agent of refrescadas","gloss":"shadows"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase frente a","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase frente a","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"cuyas","lemma":"cuyo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies puertas","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"puertas","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of hallaba","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"cocheras","lemma":"cochera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies puertas","gloss":"carriage"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of hallaba","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"hallaba","lemma":"hallar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying casas","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"detenido","lemma":"detenido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies automóvil","gloss":"parked"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of automóvil","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"automóvil","lemma":"automóvil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hallaba","gloss":"automobile"}]}]}