{"work":{"slug":"arlt","title":{"source":"Los siete locos","translated":"The Seven Madmen"},"author":"Roberto Arlt","language":"Spanish","languageCode":"es","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia","title":{"source":"Trabajo de la angustia","translated":"The Labor of Anguish"},"section":"Part Two","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia","lines":68},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/la-circular","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/el-secuestro","license":"Source text: public domain (Roberto Arlt, d. 1942). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: this is a minimal seed excerpt to make the app target runnable; full verified content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p1-s1","source":"Esa noche no durmió.","translation":"That night he did not sleep.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"durmió","title":"Preterite of «dormir»","body":"«durmió» is the third-person preterite of «dormir» ('to sleep'). The preterite reports a single, bounded fact about the night: the sleeping simply did not happen. Note the stem change «o»→«u» in the third person («durmió», «durmieron»), typical of «-ir» verbs like «dormir» and «morir»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of durmió","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies durmió","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"durmió","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"slept"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p1-s2","source":"Estaba sumamente cansado.","translation":"He was extremely tired.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p1-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cansado","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sumamente","lemma":"sumamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cansado","gloss":"extremely"},{"surface":"cansado","lemma":"cansado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tired"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p1-s3","source":"Tampoco pensaba en nada.","translation":"Nor was he thinking of anything.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p1-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tampoco","title":"«tampoco» — 'neither / not either'","body":"«tampoco» is the negative counterpart of «también» ('also'): it adds a further negative, 'neither / not... either'. Spanish freely doubles negatives, so «no pensaba en nada» ('he wasn't thinking of anything') is fully grammatical, with «nada» reinforcing the negation rather than cancelling it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tampoco","lemma":"tampoco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pensaba","gloss":"Nor"},{"surface":"pensaba","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was thinking"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nada","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of pensaba","gloss":"anything"}]},{"number":4,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p1-s4","source":"Pretendió darme una definición de aquel estado con estos términos:","translation":"He tried to give me a definition of that state in these terms:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p1-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Pretendió","title":"«pretender» — to attempt, not 'pretend'","body":"«pretender» is a false friend: it means 'to attempt / try to' or 'to aspire to', not English 'to pretend'. «Pretendió darme una definición» = 'he tried to give me a definition'. The narrator's «me» ('me') is the frame: this whole chapter is Erdosain's account, retold to the narrator."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pretendió","lemma":"pretender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tried","note":"'Pretender' means 'to attempt/aim to' in Spanish, not 'to pretend' — a false friend with English."},{"surface":"darme","lemma":"dar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Pretendió","gloss":"give me"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of definición","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"definición","lemma":"definición","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of darme","gloss":"definition"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estado","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of estado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estado","lemma":"estado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies definición","gloss":"state"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking términos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"estos","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of términos","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"términos","lemma":"término","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of darme","gloss":"terms"}]},{"number":5,"label":"2","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s1","source":"–El alma está como si se hubiera salido medio metro del cuerpo.","translation":"—The soul is as if it had slipped half a meter out of the body.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si se hubiera salido","title":"«como si» + past subjunctive","body":"«como si» ('as if') always takes the subjunctive, here the pluperfect subjunctive «se hubiera salido» ('as if it had left'). The construction frames an unreal comparison — the soul has not really left the body, it only feels that way. The «se» makes «salir» pronominal, stressing the soul's own movement outward."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of salido","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of salido","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of salido","gloss":"(itself)"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of salido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"salido","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of está","gloss":"slipped"},{"surface":"medio","lemma":"medio","morphology":"numeral, masculine, singular","role":"quantifies metro","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"metro","lemma":"metro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of salido","gloss":"meter"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuerpo","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"cuerpo","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies salido","gloss":"body"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s2","source":"Un aniquilamiento muscular extraordinario, una ansiedad que no termina nunca.","translation":"An extraordinary muscular annihilation, an anxiety that never ends.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aniquilamiento","gloss":"An"},{"surface":"aniquilamiento","lemma":"aniquilamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"annihilation"},{"surface":"muscular","lemma":"muscular","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies aniquilamiento","gloss":"muscular"},{"surface":"extraordinario","lemma":"extraordinario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies aniquilamiento","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ansiedad","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"ansiedad","lemma":"ansiedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to aniquilamiento","gloss":"anxiety"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of termina","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies termina","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"termina","lemma":"terminar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying ansiedad","gloss":"ends"},{"surface":"nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies termina","gloss":"never"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s3","source":"Usted cierra los ojos y parece que el cuerpo se disuelve en la nada, de pronto se recuerda un detalle perdido, entre los millares de días que ha vivido; no cometa usted nunca un crimen, porque eso más que horrible es triste.","translation":"You close your eyes and it seems the body dissolves into nothingness; suddenly some lost detail surfaces, out of the thousands of days you have lived; never commit a crime, because that, more than horrible, is sad.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no cometa usted","title":"Negative «usted» command","body":"«no cometa usted» is a negative command addressed formally to «usted» ('you'). The verb takes its subjunctive form («cometa», not «comete»), the standard way to form polite commands. The whole chapter is spoken in this respectful «usted» register, which gives Erdosain's confession a strange, formal courtesy."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of cierra","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"cierra","lemma":"cerrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of cierra","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with cierra","gloss":"it seems"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of disuelve","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuerpo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cuerpo","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of disuelve","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of disuelve","gloss":"(itself)"},{"surface":"disuelve","lemma":"disolver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of parece","gloss":"dissolves"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nada","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of disuelve","gloss":"nothingness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies recuerda","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of recuerda","gloss":"(impersonal)"},{"surface":"recuerda","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with cierra","gloss":"surfaces"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of detalle","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"detalle","lemma":"detalle","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of recuerda","gloss":"detail"},{"surface":"perdido","lemma":"perdido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies detalle","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking millares","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of millares","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"millares","lemma":"millar","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies detalle","gloss":"thousands"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking días","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"días","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies millares","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of vivido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of vivido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"vivido","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying días","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cometa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"cometa","lemma":"cometer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with cierra","gloss":"commit","note":"This 'cometa' is the formal (usted) command form of cometer ('commit'), not the noun cometa ('comet/kite')."},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of cometa","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cometa","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crimen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cometa","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of triste","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of triste","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies triste","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase más","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"horrible","lemma":"horrible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"compared with triste","gloss":"horrible"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to triste","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sad"}]},{"number":8,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s4","source":"Usted siente que va cortando una tras otra las amarras que lo ataban a la civilización, que va a entrar en el oscuro mundo de la barbarie, que perderá el timón, se dice y eso también se lo dije al Astrólogo, que provenía de una falta de training en la delincuencia, pero no es eso, no.","translation":"You feel that you are cutting, one after another, the moorings that bound you to civilization, that you are about to enter the dark world of barbarism, that you will lose the helm — one tells oneself, and I said this to the Astrologer too, that it came from a lack of training in crime, but that is not it, no.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"va cortando","title":"«ir» + gerund — gradual action","body":"«ir» plus a gerund («va cortando») expresses an action unfolding bit by bit: 'you go on cutting / you are cutting one after another'. It stresses progression over time, perfect for the slow severing of «las amarras» (the mooring ropes) tying him to civilization."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of siente","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"siente","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cortando","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of cortando","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"cortando","lemma":"cortar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of siente","gloss":"cutting"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cortando","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"tras","lemma":"tras","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otra","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cortando","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of amarras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"amarras","lemma":"amarra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of cortando","gloss":"moorings"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ataban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ataban","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ataban","lemma":"atar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying amarras","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking civilización","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of civilización","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"civilización","lemma":"civilización","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ataban","gloss":"civilization"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of entrar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of entrar","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of entrar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"entrar","lemma":"entrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of siente","gloss":"enter"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oscuro","lemma":"oscuro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of entrar","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking barbarie","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of barbarie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"barbarie","lemma":"barbarie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"barbarism"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of perderá","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"perderá","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of siente","gloss":"will lose"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of timón","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"timón","lemma":"timón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of perderá","gloss":"helm"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dice (impersonal construction)","gloss":"(impersonal)"},{"surface":"dice","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with siente","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of dije","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dije","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative","role":"indirect object of dije","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dije","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dije","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with dice","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Astrólogo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of dije","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of provenía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"provenía","lemma":"provenir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying eso","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking falta","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of falta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"falta","lemma":"falta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of provenía","gloss":"lack"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking training","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"training","lemma":"training","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies falta","gloss":"training","note":"Arlt drops in the English word directly — 1920s porteño slang freely absorbed English vocabulary."},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking delincuencia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of delincuencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"delincuencia","lemma":"delincuencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies falta","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to eso","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies eso","gloss":"no"}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s5","source":"En realidad, usted quisiera vivir como los demás, ser honrado como los demás, tener un hogar, una mujer, asomarse a la ventana para mirar los transeúntes que pasan, y sin embargo, ya no hay una sola célula de su organismo que no esté impregnada de la fatalidad que encierran esas palabras: tengo que matarlo.","translation":"In truth, you would like to live like everyone else, to be honest like everyone else, to have a home, a wife, to lean out the window to watch the passersby go by, and yet, there is no longer a single cell in your body that is not steeped in the doom locked inside these words: I have to kill him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quisiera","title":"«quisiera» — softened wish","body":"«quisiera» is the imperfect subjunctive of «querer» used as a courteous, tentative 'I/you would like'. It softens a raw desire into a wistful one: «usted quisiera vivir como los demás» = 'you would like to live like everyone else'. The mood matches the impossibility he feels around that ordinary life."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"que no esté impregnada","title":"Subjunctive after a negated existence","body":"«no hay una sola célula... que no esté impregnada» uses the subjunctive «esté» because the cell is described inside a negated, hypothetical frame ('there is no cell that is not steeped...'). When the antecedent is denied or unknown, the relative clause shifts to the subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies quisiera","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase En","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of quisiera","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"quisiera","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would like"},{"surface":"vivir","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quisiera","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of demás","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of demás","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"demás","lemma":"demás","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of vivir","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to honrado","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"honrado","lemma":"honrado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"honest"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of demás","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of demás","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"demás","lemma":"demás","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique complement of honrado","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quisiera","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hogar","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hogar","lemma":"hogar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"asomarse","lemma":"asomar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quisiera","gloss":"to lean out"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ventana","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ventana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ventana","lemma":"ventana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of asomarse","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of mirar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mirar","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on asomarse","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of transeúntes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"transeúntes","lemma":"transeúnte","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"direct object of mirar","gloss":"passersby"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of pasan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pasan","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying transeúntes","gloss":"go by"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase sin","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with quisiera","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of célula","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies célula","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"célula","lemma":"célula","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"cell"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking organismo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of organismo","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"organismo","lemma":"organismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies célula","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of impregnada","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies impregnada","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"esté","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to impregnada","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"impregnada","lemma":"impregnado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying célula","gloss":"steeped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fatalidad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fatalidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fatalidad","lemma":"fatalidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of impregnada","gloss":"doom","note":"'Fatalidad' means fate/doom here, not 'fatality' (a death) — a false friend with English."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of encierran","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"encierran","lemma":"encerrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying fatalidad","gloss":"lock"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of encierran","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have to"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"matarlo","lemma":"matar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with tengo","gloss":"kill him"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s6","source":"Usted dirá que razono mi odio.","translation":"You will say that I reason out my hatred.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of dirá","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"dirá","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will say"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of razono","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"razono","lemma":"razonar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of dirá","gloss":"reason out"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of odio","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"odio","lemma":"odio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of razono","gloss":"hatred"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s7","source":"Cómo no razonarlo.","translation":"How could I not reason it out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"razonarlo","title":"Enclitic «lo» on the infinitive","body":"«razonarlo» is «razonar» ('to reason out') with the object pronoun «lo» ('it') attached to the end — standard with infinitives. «Cómo no razonarlo» is an exclamatory rhetorical question, 'how could one not reason it out', expecting no answer."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of razonarlo","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies razonarlo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"razonarlo","lemma":"razonar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reason it out"}]},{"number":12,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s8","source":"Si tengo la impresión de que vivo soñando.","translation":"Why, I have the impression that I am living as in a dream.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Si tengo","title":"Emphatic «si» — not 'if'","body":"Sentence-initial «si» here is not conditional 'if'; it is an emphatic, almost protesting opener, 'why, but, after all': «Si tengo la impresión...» = 'why, I have the impression...'. It is very common in spoken River Plate Spanish to justify or insist on a point."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies tengo","gloss":"Why","note":"Colloquial emphatic 'si' here isn't the conditional 'if' — it works like 'why,' stressing the statement."},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impresión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"impresión","lemma":"impresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tengo","gloss":"impression"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vivo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vivo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vivo","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying impresión","gloss":"am living"},{"surface":"soñando","lemma":"soñar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of vivo","gloss":"dreaming"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s9","source":"Hasta me doy cuenta de que hablo tanto para convencerme de que no estoy muerto, no por lo sucedido sino por el estado en que lo deja un hecho así.","translation":"I even realize that I talk so much in order to convince myself that I am not dead — not because of what happened, but because of the state a thing like this leaves you in.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"me doy cuenta","title":"«darse cuenta» — to realize","body":"«darse cuenta de» is the fixed pronominal idiom for 'to realize / become aware of': «me doy cuenta de que hablo tanto» = 'I realize that I talk so much'. Note «no... sino» ('not... but rather'), which corrects one cause for another: not the deed itself, but the state it leaves behind."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies doy","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of doy","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"doy","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realize","note":"«Darse cuenta de» is an idiom meaning 'to realize.'"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with doy","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hablo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hablo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hablo","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of doy","gloss":"I talk"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablo","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of convencerme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"convencerme","lemma":"convencer yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hablo","gloss":"convince myself"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of muerto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of muerto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies muerto","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to muerto","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"muerto","lemma":"muerto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estoy","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates por lo sucedido","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sucedido","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of sucedido","gloss":"what","note":"'lo' + past participle forms an abstract noun: 'lo sucedido' = 'what happened.'"},{"surface":"sucedido","lemma":"sucedido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of por","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estado","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of estado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estado","lemma":"estado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of por","gloss":"state"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of deja","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of deja","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"deja","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying estado","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hecho","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of deja","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hecho","gloss":"like this"}]},{"number":14,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s10","source":"Es igual que la piel después de una quemadura.","translation":"It is just like skin after a burn.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to igual","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"igual","lemma":"igual","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of Es","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of piel","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piel","lemma":"piel","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"depends on igual","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies piel","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quemadura","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of quemadura","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"quemadura","lemma":"quemadura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of después","gloss":"burn"}]},{"number":15,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s11","source":"Se cura, ¿pero vio usted cómo queda?, arrugada, seca, tensa, brillante.","translation":"It heals — but have you seen how it ends up?, wrinkled, dry, taut, shiny.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿vio usted?","title":"Preterite «vio» mid-sentence","body":"«vio» is the preterite of «ver» ('to see'): «¿pero vio usted cómo queda?» = 'but have you seen how it ends up?'. River Plate Spanish often uses the simple preterite where European Spanish would reach for the present perfect ('have you seen'). «queda» here means 'turns out / ends up looking'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of cura","gloss":"(itself)"},{"surface":"cura","lemma":"curar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heals"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vio","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with cura","gloss":"have you seen"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of vio","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of queda","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"queda","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of vio","gloss":"ends up"},{"surface":"arrugada","lemma":"arrugado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of queda","gloss":"wrinkled"},{"surface":"seca","lemma":"seco","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with arrugada","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"tensa","lemma":"tenso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with arrugada","gloss":"taut"},{"surface":"brillante","lemma":"brillante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with arrugada","gloss":"shiny"}]},{"number":16,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s12","source":"Así le queda el alma a uno.","translation":"That is how the soul ends up for you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le queda... a uno","title":"Impersonal «uno» + indirect «le»","body":"«a uno» is the impersonal 'one / you (in general)', doubled by the indirect pronoun «le»: «así le queda el alma a uno» = 'that is how the soul is left for a person'. Spanish often pairs the pronoun «le» with its full phrase «a uno» for emphasis — and «uno» lets Erdosain generalize his own ruin onto everyone."}],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies queda","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of queda","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"queda","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ends up"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of queda","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uno","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of queda","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s13","source":"Y el brillo que a momentos se refleja le quema los ojos.","translation":"And the gleam that flashes off it at moments burns your eyes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies quema","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of brillo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brillo","lemma":"brillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of quema","gloss":"gleam"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of refleja","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momentos","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"momentos","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of refleja","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of refleja","gloss":"(itself)"},{"surface":"refleja","lemma":"reflejar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying brillo","gloss":"reflects"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of quema","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"quema","lemma":"quemar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"burns"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of quema","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s14","source":"Y las arrugas que tiene le repugnan.","translation":"And the wrinkles it has disgust you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le repugnan","title":"«repugnar» — verb like «gustar»","body":"«repugnar» works backwards like «gustar»: the thing that disgusts is the subject and the person is the indirect object «le». «las arrugas... le repugnan» literally is 'the wrinkles are repugnant to you' = 'the wrinkles disgust you'. The verb agrees with «las arrugas» (plural), not with the person."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies repugnan","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of arrugas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"arrugas","lemma":"arruga","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of repugnan","gloss":"wrinkles"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying arrugas","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of repugnan","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"repugnan","lemma":"repugnar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"disgust"}]},{"number":19,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s15","source":"Usted sabe que lleva en su interior un monstruo que en cualquier momento se desatará y no sabe en qué dirección.","translation":"You know that you carry inside you a monster that at any moment will break loose, and you don't know in what direction.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p2-s15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se desatará","title":"Future of «desatarse»","body":"«se desatará» is the future of the pronominal «desatarse» ('to come untied, to break loose'). The «se» makes the monster break loose on its own, of its own accord. Here the future tense is a genuine prediction — the threat is still to come."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lleva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lleva","lemma":"llevar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sabe","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking interior","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of interior","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"interior","lemma":"interior","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of lleva","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monstruo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"monstruo","lemma":"monstruo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of lleva","gloss":"monster"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of desatará","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"cualquier","lemma":"cualquiera","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desatará","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desatará","gloss":"(itself)"},{"surface":"desatará","lemma":"desatar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying monstruo","gloss":"will break loose"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sabe","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sabe (main verb)","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dirección","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of dirección","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"dirección","lemma":"dirección","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sabe","gloss":"direction"}]},{"number":20,"label":"3","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s1","source":"«¡Un monstruo!","translation":"\"A monster!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monstruo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"monstruo","lemma":"monstruo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"monster"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s2","source":"Muchas veces me quedé pensando en eso.","translation":"Many times I stayed lost in thought about it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me quedé pensando","title":"«quedarse» + gerund","body":"«quedarse» plus a gerund means to remain doing something, to be left in an ongoing state: «me quedé pensando» = 'I stayed (there) thinking, I went on thinking'. The preterite «quedé» bounds the episode, while the gerund «pensando» holds the lingering action inside it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Muchas","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of quedé","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of quedé","gloss":"(myself)"},{"surface":"quedé","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I stayed"},{"surface":"pensando","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of quedé","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of pensando","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s3","source":"Un monstruo calmoso, elástico, indescifrable, que lo sorprenderá a usted mismo con la violencia de sus impulsos, con las oblicuas satánicas que descubre en los recovecos de la vida y que le permiten discernir infamias desde todos los ángulos.","translation":"A calm, elastic, indecipherable monster that will take even you yourself by surprise with the violence of its impulses, with the satanic obliquities it discovers in the recesses of life, which let it make out infamies from every angle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"recovecos","title":"«recovecos» — nooks, hidden bends","body":"«recovecos» are 'nooks, twists, hidden bends, recesses' — of a place, or figuratively of life or the mind. «los recovecos de la vida» = 'the recesses / dark corners of life'. The word returns later in the chapter («un recoveco monstruoso»), one of Arlt's images for the maze Erdosain feels trapped inside."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monstruo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"monstruo","lemma":"monstruo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"monster"},{"surface":"calmoso","lemma":"calmoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies monstruo","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"elástico","lemma":"elástico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with calmoso","gloss":"elastic"},{"surface":"indescifrable","lemma":"indescifrable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies monstruo","gloss":"indecipherable"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sorprenderá","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sorprenderá","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sorprenderá","lemma":"sorprender","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying monstruo","gloss":"will surprise"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"direct object of sorprenderá","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies usted","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking violencia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of violencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"violencia","lemma":"violencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sorprenderá","gloss":"violence"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking impulsos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of impulsos","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"impulsos","lemma":"impulso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies violencia","gloss":"impulses"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oblicuas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of oblicuas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oblicuas","lemma":"oblicua","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with violencia","gloss":"obliquities"},{"surface":"satánicas","lemma":"satánico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies oblicuas","gloss":"satanic"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of descubre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"descubre","lemma":"descubrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying oblicuas","gloss":"discovers"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking recovecos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of recovecos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"recovecos","lemma":"recoveco","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of descubre","gloss":"recesses"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies recovecos","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of permiten","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of permiten","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"permiten","lemma":"permitir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with descubre","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"discernir","lemma":"discernir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of permiten","gloss":"make out"},{"surface":"infamias","lemma":"infamia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of discernir","gloss":"infamies"},{"surface":"desde","lemma":"desde","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ángulos","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ángulos","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of ángulos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ángulos","lemma":"ángulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of discernir","gloss":"angles"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s4","source":"¡Cuántas veces me he detenido en mí mismo, en el misterio de mí mismo y envidiaba la vida del hombre más humilde!","translation":"How many times I have paused on myself, on the mystery of myself, and envied the life of the humblest man!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me he detenido / envidiaba","title":"Present perfect beside imperfect","body":"Arlt pairs «me he detenido» (present perfect, 'I have paused') with «envidiaba» (imperfect, 'I used to envy / kept envying'). The perfect ties the act to the speaking present; the imperfect spreads the envy out as a recurring habit. The shift mid-sentence is loose, spoken grammar."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuántas","lemma":"cuántas","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of detenido","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of detenido","gloss":"(myself)"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of detenido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"detenido","lemma":"detener","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"paused"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"oblique complement of detenido","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mí","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking misterio","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of misterio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"misterio","lemma":"misterio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of detenido","gloss":"mystery"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"modifies misterio","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mí","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"envidiaba","lemma":"envidiar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with detenido","gloss":"envied"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of envidiaba","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies humilde","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"humilde","lemma":"humilde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"humble"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s5","source":"¡Ah!, no cometa nunca un crimen.","translation":"Ah!, never commit a crime.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"Ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cometa","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"cometa","lemma":"cometer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"commit"},{"surface":"nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cometa","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crimen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cometa","gloss":"crime"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s6","source":"Véame a mí cómo estoy.","translation":"Look at me, the state I'm in.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Véame a mí","title":"Command + enclitic + emphatic «a mí»","body":"«Véame» is the «usted» command of «ver» ('look') with «me» attached: 'look at me'. The added «a mí» ('at me') is redundant but emphatic, throwing the stress onto Erdosain himself — 'look at me, see what I've become'. Doubling the pronoun this way is standard for emphasis."}],"words":[{"surface":"Véame","lemma":"ver yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"look at me","note":"«Véame» = formal imperative vea + enclitic me, 'look at me.'"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"oblique complement of Véame","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of estoy","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Véame","gloss":"am"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s7","source":"Y me confieso con usted porque sí, quizá porque usted me comprende...","translation":"And I confess to you just because, perhaps because you understand me…","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p3-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"porque sí","title":"«porque sí» — 'just because'","body":"«porque sí» is a set phrase meaning 'just because, for no particular reason' (its opposite is «porque no»). «me confieso con usted porque sí» = 'I confess to you just because'. It admits the confession has no clear motive — then he immediately guesses at one with «quizá» ('perhaps')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies confieso","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of confieso","gloss":"(myself)"},{"surface":"confieso","lemma":"confesar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I confess"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of confieso","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sí","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb, affirmative","role":"adverbial clause on confieso","gloss":"just","note":"«Porque sí» is an idiom meaning 'just because, for no particular reason.'"},{"surface":"quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies comprende","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of comprende","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of comprende","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of comprende","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"comprende","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on confieso","gloss":"understand"}]},{"number":27,"label":"4","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p4-s1","source":"«¿Y la noche?...","translation":"\"And the night?…","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p4-s2","source":"Llegué tarde a casa.","translation":"I got home late.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p4-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Llegué","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"got"},{"surface":"tarde","lemma":"tarde","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Llegué","gloss":"late"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Llegué","gloss":"home"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p4-s3","source":"Me tiré vestido encima de la cama.","translation":"I threw myself, still dressed, on top of the bed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p4-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vestido","title":"Adjective for a state — 'still dressed'","body":"«vestido» is a past participle ('dressed') used here as an adjective describing how he did the action: «me tiré vestido» = 'I threw myself down (while still) dressed'. Spanish often slips such a participle in to say in what state the subject was, where English needs 'still dressed' or 'with his clothes on'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of tiré","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"tiré","lemma":"tirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"vestido","lemma":"vestido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of tiré","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"encima","lemma":"encima","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiré","gloss":"on top"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cama","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cama","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cama","lemma":"cama","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encima","gloss":"bed"}]},{"number":30,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p4-s4","source":"La emoción que puede experimentar un jugador la sentía yo en los afanosos latidos de mi corazón.","translation":"The emotion a gambler can feel, I felt it in the anxious pounding of my heart.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p4-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"la sentía yo","title":"Fronted object + clitic «la»","body":"The object «la emoción» is moved to the front for emphasis and then echoed by the pronoun «la» before the verb: «La emoción... la sentía yo» = 'The emotion... I felt it'. This fronting-and-doubling is a normal Spanish way to spotlight the object; «jugador» here means 'gambler', not 'player'."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of emoción","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"emoción","lemma":"emoción","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sentía","gloss":"emotion"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of experimentar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"puede","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of experimentar","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"experimentar","lemma":"experimentar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying emoción","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of jugador","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"jugador","lemma":"jugador","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of experimentar","gloss":"gambler"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sentía","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sentía","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I felt"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of sentía","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking latidos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of latidos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"afanosos","lemma":"afanoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies latidos","gloss":"anxious"},{"surface":"latidos","lemma":"latido","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sentía","gloss":"pounding"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corazón","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of corazón","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"corazón","lemma":"corazón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies latidos","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":31,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p4-s5","source":"En realidad no pensaba en los sucesos posteriores al delito, sino que mantenía al borde del mismo la curiosidad de saber cómo me comportaría, qué es lo que haría Barsut, de qué forma lo secuestraría el Astrólogo, y el crimen que en algunas novelas había leído se presentaba interesante; veía yo ahora que era algo mecánico, que cometer un crimen es sencillo, y que nos parece complicado a nosotros debido a que carecemos de la costumbre de él.","translation":"In truth I was not thinking of the events that would follow the crime, but rather kept hovering at the edge of it the curiosity of knowing how I would behave, what Barsut would do, in what way the Astrologer would abduct him; and the crime I had read of in certain novels presented itself as interesting; I saw now that it was something mechanical, that committing a crime is simple, and that it seems complicated to us only because we lack the habit of it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p4-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me comportaría / haría / secuestraría","title":"Conditional as future-in-the-past","body":"«comportaría», «haría», «secuestraría» are conditional forms used as a 'future seen from the past': from the vantage of that night, these were things still to come — 'how I would behave, what he would do, how he would abduct him'. Spanish uses the conditional for anything future relative to a past moment."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"carecemos de","title":"«carecer de» — to lack","body":"«carecer de» means 'to lack, be without': «carecemos de la costumbre de él» = 'we lack the habit of it'. It always takes the preposition «de». The cool, almost clinical claim — that murder feels hard only from inexperience — is pure Erdosain."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies pensaba","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase En","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pensaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pensaba","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was thinking"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sucesos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sucesos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sucesos","lemma":"suceso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pensaba","gloss":"events"},{"surface":"posteriores","lemma":"posterior","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies sucesos","gloss":"following"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking delito","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"delito","lemma":"delito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of posteriores","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase sino","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"mantenía","lemma":"mantener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with pensaba","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking borde","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"borde","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"oblique complement of mantenía","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mismo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of borde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of curiosidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"curiosidad","lemma":"curiosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of mantenía","gloss":"curiosity"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of saber","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"saber","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying curiosidad","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of comportaría","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of comportaría","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"comportaría","lemma":"comportar","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of saber","gloss":"I would behave"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with comportaría","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que (antecedent) with que, subject of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of haría, completes lo que","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"haría","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"would do"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of haría","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forma","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"modifies forma","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of secuestraría","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of secuestraría","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"secuestraría","lemma":"secuestrar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with comportaría","gloss":"would abduct"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of secuestraría","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crimen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of presentaba","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of leído","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking novelas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"algunas","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of novelas","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"novelas","lemma":"novela","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of leído","gloss":"novels"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of leído","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"leído","lemma":"leer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying crimen","gloss":"read"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of presentaba","gloss":"(itself)"},{"surface":"presentaba","lemma":"presentar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with mantenía","gloss":"presented itself"},{"surface":"interesante","lemma":"interesante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of presentaba","gloss":"interesting"},{"surface":"veía","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with presentaba","gloss":"I saw"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of veía","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies veía","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of algo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to algo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"clausal complement of veía","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"mecánico","lemma":"mecánico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"mechanical"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sencillo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cometer","lemma":"cometer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of es","gloss":"committing"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crimen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cometer","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sencillo, clausal complement of veía","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"sencillo","lemma":"sencillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"simple"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of parece","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of parece","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of veía","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"complicado","lemma":"complicado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parece","gloss":"complicated"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nosotros","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"emphatic doubling of nos","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"debido","lemma":"debido","morphology":"adjective","role":"introduces the clause of carecemos","gloss":"due"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase debido","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of carecemos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"carecemos","lemma":"carecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on parece","gloss":"we lack"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking costumbre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of costumbre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"costumbre","lemma":"costumbre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of carecemos","gloss":"habit"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"modifies costumbre","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":32,"label":"5","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p5-s1","source":"«Tan es así que recuerdo que me quedé acostado con la mirada fija en un ángulo de la pieza a oscuras.","translation":"\"So much is this so that I remember I lay there, my gaze fixed on a corner of the darkened room.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la pieza","title":"«pieza» — room (River Plate)","body":"In River Plate Spanish «pieza» commonly means 'room / bedroom' (elsewhere often «habitación» or «cuarto»). «la pieza a oscuras» = 'the darkened room'. «a oscuras» is a fixed phrase, 'in the dark'. «Tan es así que» opens the sentence as 'so much is this so that...', insisting on the previous claim."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies así","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to así","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"so","note":"\"Tan es así que\" is an emphatic construction meaning \"it is so much the case that...\""},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of recuerdo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"recuerdo","lemma":"recordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"I remember"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quedé","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of quedé","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"quedé","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of recuerdo","gloss":"I stayed"},{"surface":"acostado","lemma":"acostado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of quedé","gloss":"lying down"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mirada","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of acostado","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"fija","lemma":"fijo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ángulo","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ángulo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ángulo","lemma":"ángulo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fija","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pieza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pieza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pieza","lemma":"pieza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ángulo","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies pieza","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"oscuras","lemma":"oscuras","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"the dark","note":"\"a oscuras\" is an idiom meaning \"in the dark.\""}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p5-s2","source":"Pedazos de antigua existencia, pero inconexos, pasaban como empujados por un viento, ante mis ojos.","translation":"Fragments of an old existence, but disconnected, passed before my eyes as if driven by a wind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p5-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como empujados","title":"«como» + participle — 'as if'","body":"«como» before a past participle compresses an 'as if' clause: «como empujados por un viento» = 'as if driven by a wind'. The participle «empujados» agrees in number and gender with «pedazos» (masculine plural). It is a compact, painterly way to add a simile without a full verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pedazos","lemma":"pedazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of pasaban","gloss":"Fragments"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking existencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"antigua","lemma":"antiguo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies existencia","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"existencia","lemma":"existencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Pedazos","gloss":"existence"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"inconexos","lemma":"inconexo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Pedazos","gloss":"disconnected"},{"surface":"pasaban","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of empujados","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"empujados","lemma":"empujado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"adverbial clause on pasaban","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viento","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"viento","lemma":"viento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of empujados","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"mis","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pasaban","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p5-s3","source":"Nunca llegué a explicarme el misterioso mecanismo del recuerdo, que hace que en las circunstancias excepcionales de nuestra vida, de pronto adquiera una importancia casi extraordinaria el detalle insignificante y la imagen que durante años y años ha estado cubierta en nuestra memoria por el presente de la vida.","translation":"I never managed to explain to myself the mysterious mechanism of memory, which causes some insignificant detail, and an image that for years and years lay buried in our memory beneath the present of life, suddenly to take on an almost extraordinary importance in the exceptional circumstances of our life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p5-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"llegué a explicarme","title":"«llegar a» + infinitive","body":"«llegar a» plus an infinitive means 'to manage to, to get as far as, to come to': «nunca llegué a explicarme» = 'I never managed to explain to myself'. It marks reaching (or here failing to reach) a point. «explicarme» carries the reflexive «me» — to explain something to oneself."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"hace que... adquiera","title":"«hacer que» + subjunctive","body":"«hacer que» ('to make / cause that') triggers the subjunctive in what follows: «hace que... adquiera... importancia» = 'causes... to take on importance'. Whenever one thing makes another happen, Spanish puts the result clause in the subjunctive («adquiera», not «adquiere»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegué","gloss":"Never"},{"surface":"llegué","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I managed"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of explicarme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"explicarme","lemma":"explicar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of llegué","gloss":"explain to myself"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mecanismo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"misterioso","lemma":"misterioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mecanismo","gloss":"mysterious"},{"surface":"mecanismo","lemma":"mecanismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of explicarme","gloss":"mechanism"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking recuerdo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"recuerdo","lemma":"recuerdo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mecanismo","gloss":"memory"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hace","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying mecanismo","gloss":"causes","note":"\"hace que\" + subjunctive means \"causes/makes [something] happen.\""},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of adquiera","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking circunstancias","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of circunstancias","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"circunstancias","lemma":"circunstancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of adquiera","gloss":"circumstances"},{"surface":"excepcionales","lemma":"excepcional","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies circunstancias","gloss":"exceptional"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies circunstancias","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies adquiera","gloss":"suddenly","note":"\"de pronto\" is an idiom meaning \"suddenly.\""},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"adquiera","lemma":"adquirir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of hace","gloss":"take on"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of importancia","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"importancia","lemma":"importancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of adquiera","gloss":"importance"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies extraordinaria","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"extraordinaria","lemma":"extraordinario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies importancia","gloss":"extraordinary"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of detalle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"detalle","lemma":"detalle","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of adquiera","gloss":"detail"},{"surface":"insignificante","lemma":"insignificante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies detalle","gloss":"insignificant"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of imagen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"imagen","lemma":"imagen","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with detalle","gloss":"image"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of cubierta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"durante","lemma":"durante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking años","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"años","lemma":"año","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cubierta","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"años","lemma":"año","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with años","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of estado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"estado","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"copula linking to cubierta","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"cubierta","lemma":"cubierto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying imagen","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking memoria","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nuestra","lemma":"nuestro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of memoria","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"memoria","lemma":"memoria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cubierta","gloss":"memory"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking presente","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of presente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"presente","lemma":"presente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cubierta","gloss":"present"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies presente","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p5-s4","source":"Ignorábamos que existían aquellas fotografías interiores y de pronto el espeso velo que las cubre se rompe, y así, esa noche, en vez de pensar en Barsut me dejé estar allí, en ese triste cuarto de pensión, en la actitud de un hombre que espera la llegada de algo, de ese algo de que he hablado tantas veces, y que a mi modo de ver debía darle un giro inesperado a mi vida, destruir por completo el pasado, revelarme a mí mismo un hombre absolutamente distinto de lo que yo era.","translation":"We did not know those inner photographs existed, and suddenly the thick veil that covers them tears, and so, that night, instead of thinking about Barsut, I let myself stay there, in that sad boarding-house room, in the posture of a man awaiting the arrival of something — of that something I have spoken of so many times, which to my mind was to give my life an unexpected turn, to destroy the past entirely, to reveal to myself a man absolutely different from what I was.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p5-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me dejé estar","title":"«dejarse» + infinitive — let oneself","body":"«dejarse» plus an infinitive means to let oneself do or be something, to surrender to it: «me dejé estar allí» = 'I let myself stay there, I just remained there'. It conveys passivity, abandoning resistance — exactly his state, sinking into the room instead of acting."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cuarto de pensión","title":"«pensión» — boarding house","body":"A «pensión» is a cheap boarding house or lodging house; «cuarto de pensión» is a rented room in one. These shabby rented rooms are the recurring habitat of Arlt's characters, the rootless lower-middle class of 1920s Buenos Aires drifting through furnished rooms."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ignorábamos","lemma":"ignorar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"We did not know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of existían","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"existían","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of Ignorábamos","gloss":"existed"},{"surface":"aquellas","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fotografías","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"fotografías","lemma":"fotografía","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of existían","gloss":"photographs"},{"surface":"interiores","lemma":"interior","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies fotografías","gloss":"inner"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies rompe","gloss":"suddenly","note":"\"de pronto\" is an idiom meaning \"suddenly.\""},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of velo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espeso","lemma":"espeso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies velo","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"velo","lemma":"velo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rompe","gloss":"veil"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of cubre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of cubre","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"cubre","lemma":"cubrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying velo","gloss":"covers"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of rompe","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"rompe","lemma":"romper","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Ignorábamos","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dejé","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies dejé","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies dejé","gloss":"instead","note":"\"en vez de\" is an idiom meaning \"instead of\"; vez alone means \"time.\""},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pensar","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on dejé","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of pensar","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dejé","gloss":"myself","note":"\"dejarse estar\" means \"to let oneself remain/stay.\""},{"surface":"dejé","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Ignorábamos","gloss":"I let"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dejé","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estar","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuarto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuarto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies cuarto","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"cuarto","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estar","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensión","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pensión","lemma":"pensión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cuarto","gloss":"boarding house"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking actitud","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of actitud","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"actitud","lemma":"actitud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dejé","gloss":"posture"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies actitud","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of espera","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"espera","lemma":"esperar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"awaits"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of llegada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"llegada","lemma":"llegada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of espera","gloss":"arrival"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking algo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"modifies llegada","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking algo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of algo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"in apposition to algo","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hablado","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of de, referring to algo","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hablado","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"hablado","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying algo","gloss":"spoken"},{"surface":"tantas","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of hablado","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of debía","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking modo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of modo","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"modo","lemma":"modo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of darle","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ver","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ver","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying modo","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"debía","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of darle","gloss":"was to"},{"surface":"darle","lemma":"dar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of debía","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of giro","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"giro","lemma":"giro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of darle","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"inesperado","lemma":"inesperado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies giro","gloss":"unexpected"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of darle","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"destruir","lemma":"destruir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with darle","gloss":"destroy"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies destruir","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"completo","lemma":"completo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pasado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pasado","lemma":"pasado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of destruir","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"revelarme","lemma":"revelar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with darle","gloss":"reveal to myself"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"indirect object of revelarme","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mí","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of revelarme","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"absolutamente","lemma":"absolutamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies distinto","gloss":"absolutely"},{"surface":"distinto","lemma":"distinto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying distinto","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":36,"label":"6","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p6-s1","source":"«En realidad, el crimen no me preocupaba mucho, sino otra curiosidad: ¿de qué forma me manifestaría después del crimen?","translation":"\"In truth, the crime did not worry me much, but rather another curiosity: in what way would I show myself after the crime?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me manifestaría","title":"Conditional of «manifestarse»","body":"«me manifestaría» is the conditional of the pronominal «manifestarse» ('to reveal / show oneself'): 'how would I show myself / turn out'. The conditional asks about something then still in the future, viewed from that past night. «¿de qué forma?» = 'in what way?'."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies preocupaba","gloss":"In","note":"\"en realidad\" is an idiom meaning \"in truth/actually.\""},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase En","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crimen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of preocupaba","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies preocupaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of preocupaba","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"preocupaba","lemma":"preocupar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"worried"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies preocupaba","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but rather"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of curiosidad","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"curiosidad","lemma":"curiosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with preocupaba","gloss":"curiosity"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"modifies forma","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of manifestaría","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of manifestaría","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"manifestaría","lemma":"manifestar","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying curiosidad","gloss":"would show"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies manifestaría","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crimen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of después","gloss":"crime"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p6-s2","source":"¿Sufriría remordimientos?","translation":"Would I suffer remorse?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p6-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sufriría","lemma":"sufrir","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Would I suffer"},{"surface":"remordimientos","lemma":"remordimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Sufriría","gloss":"remorse"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p6-s3","source":"¿Enloquecería, terminaría por irme a denunciar?","translation":"Would I go mad, would I end up turning myself in?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p6-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"terminaría por irme a denunciar","title":"«terminar por» + infinitive","body":"«terminar por» plus an infinitive means 'to end up (doing something)': «terminaría por irme a denunciar» = 'I would end up turning myself in'. «denunciar» normally means 'to report / inform on' someone; with reflexive «irme a denunciar» it is 'to go and report myself, to give myself up'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Enloquecería","lemma":"enloquecer","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with terminaría","gloss":"Would I go mad"},{"surface":"terminaría","lemma":"terminar","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would I end up","note":"\"terminar por\" + infinitive means \"to end up doing something.\""},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of irme","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"irme","lemma":"ir yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on terminaría","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of denunciar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"denunciar","lemma":"denunciar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of irme","gloss":"turn myself in"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p6-s4","source":"¿O sencillamente viviría como hasta el presente, adolorido de esa impotencia singular que le daba a todos los actos de mi vida una incoherencia que ahora usted dice son los síntomas de mi locura?","translation":"Or would I simply go on living as up to now, aching from that strange impotence which gave all the acts of my life an incoherence that now you say are the symptoms of my madness?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p6-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"adolorido","title":"«adolorido» — aching, sore","body":"«adolorido» means 'aching, sore, in pain' — physically or, as here, of the spirit: «adolorido de esa impotencia» = 'aching from that impotence'. Arlt gives the abstract failing («impotencia», his sense of being unable to act) a bodily soreness, fusing mental and physical anguish."}],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies viviría","gloss":"Or"},{"surface":"sencillamente","lemma":"sencillamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies viviría","gloss":"simply"},{"surface":"viviría","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would live"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"modifies viviría","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking presente","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of presente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"presente","lemma":"presente","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hasta","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"adolorido","lemma":"adolorido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies viviría","gloss":"aching"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking impotencia","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of impotencia","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"impotencia","lemma":"impotencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of adolorido","gloss":"impotence"},{"surface":"singular","lemma":"singular","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies impotencia","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of daba","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of daba","gloss":"to them","note":"\"le\" here anticipates (doubles) the phrase \"a todos los actos,\" common in spoken Spanish."},{"surface":"daba","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying impotencia","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking actos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of actos","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of actos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"actos","lemma":"acto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of daba","gloss":"acts"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies actos","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of incoherencia","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"incoherencia","lemma":"incoherencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of daba","gloss":"incoherence"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of son","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dice","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of dice","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dice","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying incoherencia","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to síntomas","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of síntomas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"síntomas","lemma":"síntoma","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"symptoms"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking locura","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of locura","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"locura","lemma":"locura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies síntomas","gloss":"madness"}]},{"number":40,"label":"7","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p7-s1","source":"«Lo curioso es que a momentos sentía grandes impulsos de alegría, deseos de reírme para simular un paroxismo de locura que no existía en mí; mas quebrantado el impulso trataba de figurarme de qué forma lo secuestraríamos a Barsut.","translation":"\"The curious thing is that at moments I felt great surges of joy, an urge to laugh in order to feign a paroxysm of madness that did not exist in me; but, the impulse once broken, I would try to picture in what way we would abduct Barsut.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Lo curioso","title":"«lo» + adjective — the abstract noun","body":"«lo» before an adjective makes an abstract noun: «lo curioso» = 'the curious thing, what is curious'. Spanish builds these freely — «lo difícil» ('the hard part'), «lo importante» ('what matters'). «mas» (no accent) is a literary 'but', equal to «pero»."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"quebrantado el impulso","title":"Absolute participle clause","body":"«quebrantado el impulso» is an absolute construction: a past participle plus its noun, with no conjugated verb, meaning 'once the impulse was broken / the impulse having broken'. It compactly sets the stage for the next clause, a favorite move of formal, literary Spanish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of curioso","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"curioso","lemma":"curioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"curious"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sentía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momentos","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"momentos","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sentía","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"sentía","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"I felt"},{"surface":"grandes","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies impulsos","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"impulsos","lemma":"impulso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of sentía","gloss":"surges"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alegría","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alegría","lemma":"alegría","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies impulsos","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"deseos","lemma":"deseo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to impulsos","gloss":"urge"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of reírme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"reírme","lemma":"reír yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying deseos","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of simular","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"simular","lemma":"simular","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on reírme","gloss":"feign"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paroxismo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"paroxismo","lemma":"paroxismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of simular","gloss":"paroxysm"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking locura","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"locura","lemma":"locura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies paroxismo","gloss":"madness"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of existía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies existía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"existía","lemma":"existir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying paroxismo","gloss":"existed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"oblique complement of existía","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but","note":"\"mas\" (no accent) is a literary word for \"but\" — distinct from \"más\" (more)."},{"surface":"quebrantado","lemma":"quebrantado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on trataba","gloss":"broken"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of impulso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"impulso","lemma":"impulso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of quebrantado","gloss":"impulse"},{"surface":"trataba","lemma":"tratar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I would try"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking figurarme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"figurarme","lemma":"figurar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of trataba","gloss":"imagine"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forma","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of secuestraríamos","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of secuestraríamos","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"secuestraríamos","lemma":"secuestrar","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of figurarme","gloss":"would abduct"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"(marks object)","note":"The \"personal a\" here marks Barsut as the object; it has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to lo","gloss":"Barsut","note":"\"a Barsut\" restates the object already marked by the clitic \"lo.\""}]},{"number":41,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p7-s2","source":"Estaba seguro de que se defendería, pero el Astrólogo no era hombre de intervenir sin previsión en una empresa.","translation":"I was sure he would defend himself, but the Astrologer was not a man to step into an undertaking without foresight.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p7-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no era hombre de intervenir","title":"«ser hombre de» + infinitive","body":"«ser hombre de» plus an infinitive characterizes someone by what they would or would not do: «no era hombre de intervenir sin previsión» = 'he was not a man to get involved without foresight'. The phrase paints a settled trait rather than a single act, so the verb stays imperfect («era»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to seguro","gloss":"I was"},{"surface":"seguro","lemma":"seguro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of defendería","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of defendería","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of defendería","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"defendería","lemma":"defender","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying seguro","gloss":"would defend"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of era","gloss":"the Astrologer"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies era","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to hombre","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of intervenir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"intervenir","lemma":"intervenir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"step in"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking previsión","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"previsión","lemma":"previsión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of intervenir","gloss":"foresight"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking empresa","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of empresa","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"empresa","lemma":"empresa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of intervenir","gloss":"undertaking"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p7-s3","source":"Otras veces me planteaba el problema mediante qué forma Barsut había adivinado que la circular del Ministerio de Guerra estaba falsificada y me admiraba de haber conseguido aquella perfecta presencia de espíritu, cuando volviendo hacia mí la cara jabonada, dijo casi irónicamente:","translation":"Other times I would set myself the problem of how Barsut had guessed that the circular from the Ministry of War was forged, and I marveled at having kept that perfect presence of mind, when, turning his soaped face toward me, he said almost ironically:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p7-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"había adivinado","title":"Pluperfect «había adivinado»","body":"«había adivinado» is the pluperfect (past perfect): «haber» in the imperfect plus a participle, marking an action completed before another past moment — Barsut had already guessed before this remembered scene. «la cara jabonada» ('the soaped face') tells us Barsut was shaving as he spoke."}],"words":[{"surface":"Otras","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"Other"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of planteaba","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of planteaba","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"planteaba","lemma":"plantear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I would pose"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of problema","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"problema","lemma":"problema","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of planteaba","gloss":"problem"},{"surface":"mediante","lemma":"mediante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forma","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of adivinado","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of adivinado","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of adivinado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"adivinado","lemma":"adivinar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying problema","gloss":"guessed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of falsificada","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of circular","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"circular","lemma":"circular","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of falsificada","gloss":"circular"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ministerio","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Ministerio","lemma":"Ministerio","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies circular","gloss":"Ministry"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Guerra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Guerra","lemma":"Guerra","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Ministerio","gloss":"War"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to falsificada","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"falsificada","lemma":"falsificado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estaba","gloss":"forged"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of admiraba","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"admiraba","lemma":"admirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with planteaba","gloss":"I marveled"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of conseguido","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"haber","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of conseguido","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"conseguido","lemma":"conseguir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"complement of admiraba","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"aquella","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of presencia","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"perfecta","lemma":"perfecto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies presencia","gloss":"perfect"},{"surface":"presencia","lemma":"presencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of conseguido","gloss":"presence"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espíritu","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"espíritu","lemma":"espíritu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies presencia","gloss":"spirit","note":"'presencia de espíritu' is an idiom meaning 'presence of mind.'"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dijo","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"volviendo","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"turning"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"oblique complement of volviendo","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cara","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cara","lemma":"cara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of volviendo","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"jabonada","lemma":"jabonado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cara","gloss":"soaped"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on admiraba","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies irónicamente","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"irónicamente","lemma":"irónicamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"ironically"}]},{"number":43,"label":"8","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p8-s1","source":"«–Mirá qué curioso si la circular estuviera falsificada.","translation":"\"—Look, how curious it would be if the circular were forged.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Mirá","title":"«vos» imperative «mirá»","body":"«mirá» is the «vos» command of «mirar» ('look') — Buenos Aires Spanish uses «vos» instead of «tú», with its own stressed endings: «mirá», «vení», «decí». The condition «si la circular estuviera falsificada» uses the imperfect subjunctive «estuviera» for an unreal 'if it were forged' — Barsut is needling Erdosain, who knows it is."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mirá","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular (voseo)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Look"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifier of curioso (qué curioso = how curious)","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"curioso","lemma":"curioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"curious"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of falsificada","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of circular","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"circular","lemma":"circular","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of falsificada","gloss":"circular"},{"surface":"estuviera","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to falsificada","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"falsificada","lemma":"falsificado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estuviera","gloss":"forged"}]},{"number":44,"label":"9","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p9-s1","source":"«En realidad él era un canalla, pero yo no le iba a la zaga; la diferencia quizá consistiría en que él no experimentaba curiosidad por sus bajas pasiones como la sentiría yo.","translation":"\"In truth he was a scoundrel, but I was not far behind; the difference perhaps consisted in that he felt no curiosity about his base passions, the way I would.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"no le iba a la zaga","title":"«ir a la zaga» — to lag behind","body":"«ir a la zaga (de)» is an idiom, 'to lag behind, fall short of': «yo no le iba a la zaga» = 'I was not far behind him, I was every bit as bad'. «zaga» is the rear of something. «canalla» is a strong word for a scoundrel or swine, a key term of contempt in this novel."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom 'en realidad' (in truth), modifies era","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the idiom 'en realidad'","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of canalla","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to canalla","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of canalla","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"canalla","lemma":"canalla","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"scoundrel"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of iba","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies iba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of iba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with era","gloss":"was","note":"'irle a la zaga a alguien' is an idiom meaning 'to lag behind someone / be inferior to them.'"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking zaga","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of zaga","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zaga","lemma":"zaga","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of iba","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of diferencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"diferencia","lemma":"diferencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of consistiría","gloss":"difference"},{"surface":"quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies consistiría","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"consistiría","lemma":"consistir","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause (after the semicolon)","gloss":"would consist"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of experimentaba","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of experimentaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of experimentaba","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies experimentaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"experimentaba","lemma":"experimentar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of consistiría","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"curiosidad","lemma":"curiosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of experimentaba","gloss":"curiosity"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pasiones","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pasiones","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"bajas","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies pasiones","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"pasiones","lemma":"pasión","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of experimentaba","gloss":"passions"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sentiría","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sentiría","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sentiría","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"comparative clause modifying experimentaba","gloss":"would feel"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of sentiría","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p9-s2","source":"Además, a mí no me importaba nada en aquellas circunstancias.","translation":"Besides, nothing mattered to me in those circumstances.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p9-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"a mí no me importaba","title":"«importar» like «gustar» + emphatic «a mí»","body":"«importar» ('to matter') takes the person as an indirect object: «no me importaba nada» = 'nothing mattered to me'. The fronted «a mí» merely emphasizes the «me» — 'to me, nothing mattered'. «nada» here is the subject ('nothing'), so the verb stays singular."}],"words":[{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies importaba","gloss":"Besides"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"oblique complement of importaba (emphatic, doubling me)","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies importaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of importaba","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"importaba","lemma":"importar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mattered"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of importaba","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking circunstancias","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"aquellas","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of circunstancias","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"circunstancias","lemma":"circunstancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of importaba","gloss":"circumstances"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p9-s3","source":"Quizá fuera yo el que lo matara, quizá fuera el Astrólogo, el caso es que había arrojado mi vida a un recoveco monstruoso, en el que los demonios jugaban con mis sentidos como con los dados metidos en un cubilete.","translation":"Perhaps it would be I who killed him, perhaps it would be the Astrologer; the fact is that I had hurled my life into a monstrous recess, where demons played with my senses as with dice rattled in a cup.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p9-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quizá fuera... el que lo matara","title":"«quizá» + subjunctive for doubt","body":"«quizá» ('perhaps') invites the subjunctive when the outcome is genuinely uncertain: «quizá fuera yo el que lo matara» = 'perhaps it would be I who killed him', with both «fuera» and «matara» in the imperfect subjunctive. The double subjunctive deepens the hesitation over who will do the deed."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cubilete","title":"«cubilete» — dice cup","body":"A «cubilete» is the cup used to shake and throw dice. The image — demons rattling his senses like «los dados metidos en un cubilete» ('dice put in a dice cup') — makes his fate a gamble out of his hands, picking up the gambler («jugador») of an earlier paragraph."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fuera","gloss":"Perhaps"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of fuera","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of que (forms the relative pronoun 'el que')","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of matara","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of matara","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"matara","lemma":"matar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on fuera","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fuera","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with the first fuera clause","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of fuera","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caso","lemma":"caso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"fact"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of arrojado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of arrojado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"arrojado","lemma":"arrojar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of arrojado","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking recoveco","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of recoveco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"recoveco","lemma":"recoveco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arrojado","gloss":"recess"},{"surface":"monstruoso","lemma":"monstruoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies recoveco","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of jugaban","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of demonios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"demonios","lemma":"demonio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of jugaban","gloss":"demons"},{"surface":"jugaban","lemma":"jugar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying recoveco","gloss":"played"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sentidos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"mis","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sentidos","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"sentidos","lemma":"sentido","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of jugaban","gloss":"senses"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dados","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dados","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dados","lemma":"dado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of jugaban","gloss":"dice"},{"surface":"metidos","lemma":"metido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies dados","gloss":"placed","note":"The translation renders 'dados metidos en un cubilete' more freely as 'dice rattled in a cup'; 'metidos' literally means 'put/placed inside.'"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cubilete","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cubilete","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cubilete","lemma":"cubilete","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of metidos","gloss":"cup"}]},{"number":47,"label":"10","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p10-s1","source":"«Llegaban ruidos lejanos: el cansancio se infiltraba por mis articulaciones; a momentos me parecía que la carne, como una esponja, chupaba el silencio y el reposo.","translation":"\"Distant noises reached me; the weariness seeped in through my joints; at moments it seemed to me that the flesh, like a sponge, sucked up the silence and the rest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se infiltraba","title":"Imperfect of pronominal «infiltrarse»","body":"«se infiltraba» is the imperfect of «infiltrarse» ('to seep in, filter through'). The «se» makes the weariness move into the joints on its own. The imperfect draws the slow, continuous seeping rather than a single moment — fatigue gradually permeating the body."}],"words":[{"surface":"Llegaban","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Reached"},{"surface":"ruidos","lemma":"ruido","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of Llegaban","gloss":"noises"},{"surface":"lejanos","lemma":"lejano","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ruidos","gloss":"distant"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cansancio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cansancio","lemma":"cansancio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of infiltraba","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of infiltraba","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"infiltraba","lemma":"infiltrar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Llegaban","gloss":"seeped in"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking articulaciones","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"mis","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of articulaciones","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"articulaciones","lemma":"articulación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of infiltraba","gloss":"joints"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momentos","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"momentos","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of parecía","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parecía","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"parecía","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with infiltraba","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of chupaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of carne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"carne","lemma":"carne","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of chupaba","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"preposition","role":"comparative preposition marking esponja","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of esponja","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"esponja","lemma":"esponja","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of chupaba","gloss":"sponge"},{"surface":"chupaba","lemma":"chupar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on parecía","gloss":"sucked up"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of silencio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"silencio","lemma":"silencio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of chupaba","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of reposo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"reposo","lemma":"reposo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with silencio","gloss":"rest"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p10-s2","source":"Ideas torvas se me ocurrían respecto a Elsa, un rencor taciturno me enrigecía los músculos en los maxilares; hasta sentía la pena de mi pobre vida.","translation":"Grim ideas occurred to me about Elsa; a sullen rancor stiffened the muscles of my jaws; I even felt the sorrow of my poor life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p10-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se me ocurrían","title":"«ocurrírsele» — to occur to one","body":"«ocurrírsele algo a alguien» means an idea 'occurs to / pops into someone's head': «ideas torvas se me ocurrían» = 'grim ideas kept occurring to me'. The «se» plus the indirect «me» frame the thoughts as arriving on their own, unbidden. «torvas» = 'grim, fierce, baleful'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ideas","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of ocurrían","gloss":"Ideas"},{"surface":"torvas","lemma":"torvo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies Ideas","gloss":"grim"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ocurrían (fixed part of ocurrírsele a alguien)","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of ocurrían","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ocurrían","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"occurred"},{"surface":"respecto","lemma":"respecto","morphology":"noun (part of the compound preposition respecto a)","role":"part of the idiom 'respecto a' ('with regard to'), modifies ocurrían","gloss":"regarding"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition (part of respecto a)","role":"part of the phrase respecto","gloss":"regarding"},{"surface":"Elsa","lemma":"Elsa","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of ocurrían","gloss":"Elsa"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rencor","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rencor","lemma":"rencor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of enrigecía","gloss":"rancor"},{"surface":"taciturno","lemma":"taciturno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rencor","gloss":"sullen"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of enrigecía (dative of possession)","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"enrigecía","lemma":"enrigecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with ocurrían","gloss":"stiffened"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of músculos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"músculos","lemma":"músculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of enrigecía","gloss":"muscles"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking maxilares","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of maxilares","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"maxilares","lemma":"maxilar","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of enrigecía","gloss":"jaws"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentía","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"sentía","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with enrigecía","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pena","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pena","lemma":"pena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sentía","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"pobre","lemma":"pobre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pena","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":49,"label":"11","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p11-s1","source":"«Sin embargo, la única forma de rehabilitarme ante mí era asesinándolo a Barsut, y de pronto me veía de pie junto a él; estaba atado con sogas gruesas y echado sobre un montón de bolsas; de él sólo era nítido el verde perfil del ojo y la nariz pálida; yo me inclinaba suavemente encima de su cuerpo, esgrimía un revólver, le apartaba dulcemente el cabello de las sienes y le decía en voz muy baja:","translation":"\"And yet, the only way to redeem myself in my own eyes was by murdering Barsut, and suddenly I saw myself standing beside him; he was bound with thick ropes and thrown on a heap of sacks; of him only the green outline of the eye and the pale nose were distinct; I would lean gently over his body, brandish a revolver, softly part the hair from his temples, and say to him in a very low voice:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"asesinándolo a Barsut","title":"Gerund of means + redundant «lo»","body":"The gerund «asesinándolo» states the means — 'by murdering him'. The object pronoun «lo» is then echoed by the full «a Barsut», a typical River Plate doubling ('by murdering him, Barsut'). «Sin embargo» ('and yet') is the hinge that keeps swinging Erdosain between revulsion and resolve."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"me inclinaba / esgrimía / apartaba / decía","title":"Imperfect for an imagined scene","body":"The chain of imperfects («me inclinaba», «esgrimía», «apartaba», «decía») renders an imagined, repeated mental film rather than a single real event: 'I would lean..., brandish..., part..., say...'. The imperfect is the tense of fantasy and habit, so the whole murder plays out as a rehearsal in his head."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial modifier of era (fixed phrase 'sin embargo')","gloss":"And yet","note":"'Sin embargo' is a fixed phrase meaning 'however/nevertheless.'"},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the fixed phrase 'sin embargo'","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"única","lemma":"único","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies forma","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of asesinándolo","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rehabilitarme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"rehabilitarme","lemma":"rehabilitar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying forma","gloss":"to redeem myself"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"oblique complement of rehabilitarme","gloss":"myself","note":"'ante mí' here is idiomatic for 'in my own eyes.'"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to asesinándolo","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"asesinándolo","lemma":"asesinar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"murdering him"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Barsut","gloss":"(object marker)"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of asesinándolo","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"forms the idiom de pronto (suddenly)","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom de pronto","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of veía","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"veía","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with era","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pie","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"pie","lemma":"pie","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies me (de pie = standing)","gloss":"foot","note":"«de pie» is an idiom meaning 'standing.'"},{"surface":"junto","lemma":"junto","morphology":"adverb (part of the compound preposition junto a = beside)","role":"locates él (junto a = beside), modifies veía","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition (part of junto a)","role":"part of the phrase junto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of veía","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to atado","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"atado","lemma":"atado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estaba, describing él","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sogas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"sogas","lemma":"soga","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of atado","gloss":"ropes"},{"surface":"gruesas","lemma":"grueso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies sogas","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"echado","lemma":"echar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with atado","gloss":"thrown"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking montón","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of montón","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"montón","lemma":"montón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of echado","gloss":"heap"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bolsas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bolsas","lemma":"bolsa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies montón","gloss":"sacks"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of nítido","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nítido","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to nítido","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nítido","lemma":"nítido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"distinct"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of perfil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verde","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies perfil","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"perfil","lemma":"perfil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of nítido","gloss":"outline"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ojo","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies perfil","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nariz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nariz","lemma":"nariz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with perfil","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"pálida","lemma":"pálido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nariz","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of inclinaba","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of inclinaba","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"inclinaba","lemma":"inclinar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"would lean"},{"surface":"suavemente","lemma":"suavemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inclinaba","gloss":"gently"},{"surface":"encima","lemma":"encima","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies inclinaba","gloss":"on top"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase encima","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cuerpo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cuerpo","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encima","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"esgrimía","lemma":"esgrimir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with inclinaba","gloss":"would brandish"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of revólver","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"revólver","lemma":"revólver","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of esgrimía","gloss":"revolver"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of apartaba (dative of possession)","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"apartaba","lemma":"apartar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with esgrimía","gloss":"would part"},{"surface":"dulcemente","lemma":"dulcemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies apartaba","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cabello","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabello","lemma":"cabello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of apartaba","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sienes","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of sienes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sienes","lemma":"sien","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cabello","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of decía","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with apartaba","gloss":"would say"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voz","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"voz","lemma":"voz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of decía","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies baja","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"baja","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies voz","gloss":"low"}]},{"number":50,"label":"12","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p12-s1","source":"«–Vas a morir, canalla.","translation":"\"—You are going to die, you swine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Vas a morir","title":"«ir a» + infinitive — near future","body":"«ir a» plus an infinitive is the everyday near future, 'going to': «vas a morir» = 'you are going to die'. Note he uses «vos»/«tú» «vas» here, the intimate form, to taunt his bound victim, after addressing the narrator throughout with formal «usted». «canalla» is a venomous 'swine, scoundrel'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vas","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular (voseo)","role":"auxiliary of morir","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of morir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"morir","lemma":"morir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"canalla","lemma":"canalla","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"vocative, addressing the listener","gloss":"swine"}]},{"number":51,"label":"13","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p13-s1","source":"«Los bulto se estremecía, yo levantaba el revólver, apoyaba el caño en la piel sobre la sien y nuevamente repetía en voz muy baja:","translation":"\"The shape shuddered, I would raise the revolver, press the barrel against the skin over the temple, and again repeat in a very low voice:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"el caño","title":"«caño» — barrel of a gun","body":"«caño» literally means 'pipe / tube'; of a firearm it is the 'barrel': «apoyaba el caño en la piel» = 'I pressed the barrel against the skin'. (The source's «Los bulto se estremecía» is an irregular agreement in Arlt's text, kept verbatim; «bulto» means a 'shape, bundle, indistinct mass' — Barsut reduced to a thing.)"}],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of bulto","gloss":"The","note":"Source reads 'Los bulto' (a number mismatch); the sense is singular, matching the singular verb 'estremecía.'"},{"surface":"bulto","lemma":"bulto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of estremecía","gloss":"shape"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of estremecía","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"estremecía","lemma":"estremecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shuddered"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of levantaba","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"levantaba","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estremecía","gloss":"would raise"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of revólver","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"revólver","lemma":"revólver","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of levantaba","gloss":"revolver"},{"surface":"apoyaba","lemma":"apoyar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with levantaba","gloss":"would press"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caño","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caño","lemma":"caño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of apoyaba","gloss":"barrel"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piel","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piel","lemma":"piel","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyaba","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sien","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sien","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sien","lemma":"sien","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies piel","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nuevamente","lemma":"nuevamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies repetía","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"repetía","lemma":"repetir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with apoyaba","gloss":"would repeat"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voz","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"voz","lemma":"voz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of repetía","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies baja","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"baja","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies voz","gloss":"low"}]},{"number":52,"label":"14","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p14-s1","source":"«–Vas a morir, canalla.","translation":"\"—You are going to die, you swine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p14-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vas","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular (voseo)","role":"auxiliary of morir","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of morir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"morir","lemma":"morir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"canalla","lemma":"canalla","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"vocative, addressing the listener","gloss":"swine"}]},{"number":53,"label":"15","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p15-s1","source":"«Los brazos se removían bajo las gruesas ligaduras, era una desesperada faena de huesos y de músculos espantados.","translation":"\"The arms writhed under the thick bindings; it was a desperate labor of bones and terrified muscles.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p15-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"faena","title":"«faena» — toil, hard labor","body":"«faena» means 'task, toil, hard physical labor' (it is also the bullfighter's work in the ring). «una desesperada faena de huesos y de músculos» casts the body's writhing as grueling work — bones and muscles laboring to escape. The word feeds the chapter's title, «Trabajo de la angustia», 'the labor of anguish'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of removían","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of removían","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"removían","lemma":"remover","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"writhed"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ligaduras","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ligaduras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gruesas","lemma":"grueso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ligaduras","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"ligaduras","lemma":"ligadura","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of removían","gloss":"bindings"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to faena","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of faena","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"desesperada","lemma":"desesperado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies faena","gloss":"desperate"},{"surface":"faena","lemma":"faena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"labor"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huesos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"huesos","lemma":"hueso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies faena","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking músculos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"músculos","lemma":"músculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with huesos","gloss":"muscles"},{"surface":"espantados","lemma":"espantado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies músculos","gloss":"terrified"}]},{"number":54,"label":"16","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p16-s1","source":"«–¿Te acordás, canalla, te acordás de las papas, de la ensalada volcada encima de la mesa?","translation":"\"—Do you remember, you swine, do you remember the potatoes, the salad spilled across the table?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p16-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Te acordás","title":"«vos» form «te acordás»","body":"«acordarse de» is 'to remember', and «te acordás» is its «vos» form (where «tú» Spanish says «te acuerdas»). The «vos» ending keeps the stress on the last syllable, «-ás». «papas» is the River Plate word for 'potatoes' (Spain uses «patatas')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acordás","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"acordás","lemma":"acordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of an appended question (repeated in w5)","gloss":"do you remember"},{"surface":"canalla","lemma":"canalla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, addressing the listener","gloss":"swine"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acordás","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"acordás","lemma":"acordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you remember","note":"«Acordás» is the voseo present of «acordarse» (to remember) — vos form of «te acuerdas»."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking papas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of papas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"papas","lemma":"papa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of acordás","gloss":"potatoes"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ensalada","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ensalada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ensalada","lemma":"ensalada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with papas","gloss":"salad"},{"surface":"volcada","lemma":"volcado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ensalada","gloss":"spilled"},{"surface":"encima","lemma":"encima","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies volcada","gloss":"on top"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mesa","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mesa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mesa","lemma":"mesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of encima","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p16-s2","source":"¿Tengo ahora esa cara de infeliz que te preocupaba?","translation":"Do I have now that wretched look that worried you?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p16-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"infeliz","title":"«infeliz» — wretch, hapless soul","body":"«infeliz» literally is 'unhappy', but as a noun it means a 'poor wretch, hapless / pathetic person'. «esa cara de infeliz» = 'that wretched, hangdog look'. Erdosain throws back at Barsut the contempt Barsut once showed him — the humiliation that set the whole plot in motion."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Tengo","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cara","lemma":"cara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Tengo","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking infeliz","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"infeliz","lemma":"infeliz","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies cara","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of preocupaba (refers to cara)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of preocupaba","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"preocupaba","lemma":"preocupar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying cara","gloss":"worried"}]},{"number":56,"label":"17","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p17-s1","source":"«Mas intempestivamente sentía vergüenza de decirle esas villanías, y entonces le decía, o no, no le decía nada, tomaba una bolsa y le cubría la cabeza: bajo la arpillera tupida, la cabeza se removía furiosamente; yo trataba de apretarla contra el piso para asegurar la eficacia del balazo y la posición segura del caño del revólver, y la arpillera resbalaba sobre los cabellos y todos mis esfuerzos eran inútiles para domar el coraje de esa fiera, que ahora resoplaba sordamente para escapar de la muerte.","translation":"\"But abruptly I would feel ashamed to say such vile things to him, and so I would say to him — no, no, I would say nothing to him; I would take a sack and cover his head: under the thick burlap the head writhed furiously; I tried to press it against the floor to secure the effectiveness of the shot and the steady position of the revolver's barrel, and the burlap slid over the hair, and all my efforts were useless to tame the fury of that beast, which now snorted dully to escape from death.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p17-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"arpillera","title":"«arpillera» — burlap, sacking","body":"«arpillera» is 'burlap / sacking', the coarse cloth of «bolsas» (sacks). «la arpillera tupida» = 'the thick, dense burlap'. The grimy, ordinary material — sacks, burlap, a dirt floor — grounds the fevered murder fantasy in shabby, concrete things, Arlt's way of making the nightmare physical."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"o no, no le decía nada","title":"Self-correction in the imperfect","body":"«le decía, o no, no le decía nada» = 'I would say to him — no, I would say nothing to him', the narrator revising himself mid-sentence. The imperfect «decía» again marks the action as part of the looping, rehearsed daydream rather than a fixed event; «mas» is the literary 'but'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction, adversative","role":"links to the previous sentence","gloss":"But","note":"Here «Mas» is the literary/archaic word for «pero» (but) — not the name Mas."},{"surface":"intempestivamente","lemma":"intempestivamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentía","gloss":"abruptly"},{"surface":"sentía","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would feel"},{"surface":"vergüenza","lemma":"vergüenza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sentía","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of decirle","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"decirle","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive, with enclitic dative pronoun le (to him)","role":"clause modifying vergüenza","gloss":"say to him"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of villanías","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"villanías","lemma":"villanía","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of decirle","gloss":"vile things"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies decía","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of decía","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sentía","gloss":"would say"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with decía","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies decía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of decía","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with decía (repeats, then negated)","gloss":"would say"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of decía","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"tomaba","lemma":"tomar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with decía","gloss":"would take"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bolsa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bolsa","lemma":"bolsa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tomaba","gloss":"sack"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of cubría (possessive dative)","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cubría","lemma":"cubrir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with decía","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cubría","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arpillera","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of arpillera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"arpillera","lemma":"arpillera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of removía","gloss":"burlap"},{"surface":"tupida","lemma":"tupido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies arpillera","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of removía","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of removía","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"removía","lemma":"remover","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by the colon","gloss":"writhed"},{"surface":"furiosamente","lemma":"furiosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies removía","gloss":"furiously"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of trataba","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"trataba","lemma":"tratar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of a new independent clause","gloss":"tried"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of apretarla","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"apretarla","lemma":"apretar","morphology":"verb, infinitive, with enclitic accusative pronoun la (it, referring to cabeza)","role":"complement of trataba","gloss":"press it"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piso","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of piso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piso","lemma":"piso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apretarla","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of asegurar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"asegurar","lemma":"asegurar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on apretarla","gloss":"secure"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of eficacia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eficacia","lemma":"eficacia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of asegurar","gloss":"effectiveness"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking balazo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"balazo","lemma":"balazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies eficacia","gloss":"shot"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of posición","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"posición","lemma":"posición","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with eficacia","gloss":"position"},{"surface":"segura","lemma":"seguro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies posición","gloss":"steady"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caño","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"caño","lemma":"caño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies posición","gloss":"barrel"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking revólver","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"revólver","lemma":"revólver","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies caño","gloss":"revolver"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of arpillera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"arpillera","lemma":"arpillera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of resbalaba","gloss":"burlap"},{"surface":"resbalaba","lemma":"resbalar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with trataba","gloss":"slid"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabellos","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cabellos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabellos","lemma":"cabello","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of resbalaba","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"modifies esfuerzos","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"mis","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of esfuerzos","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"esfuerzos","lemma":"esfuerzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of inútiles","gloss":"efforts"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to inútiles","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"inútiles","lemma":"inútil","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"predicate adjective, linked to esfuerzos by eran","gloss":"useless"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of domar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"domar","lemma":"domar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying inútiles","gloss":"tame"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coraje","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"coraje","lemma":"coraje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of domar","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fiera","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fiera","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fiera","lemma":"fiera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies coraje","gloss":"beast"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of resoplaba","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies resoplaba","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"resoplaba","lemma":"resoplar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying fiera","gloss":"snorted"},{"surface":"sordamente","lemma":"sordamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies resoplaba","gloss":"dully"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of escapar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"escapar","lemma":"escapar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on resoplaba","gloss":"escape"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking muerte","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of muerte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muerte","lemma":"muerte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of escapar","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":57,"label":"18","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p18-s1","source":"Si se desvanecía este sueño, me imaginaba viajando por el archipiélago de la Malasia, a bordo de un velero en el océano Indico; había cambiado de nombre, mascullaba inglés, mi tristeza era quizá la misma, pero ahora tenía brazos fuertes, la mirada serenísima; quizás en Borneo, quizás en Calcuta o más allá del mar Rojo, o al otro lado de la Taiga, en Corea o en Manchuria, mi vida se reedificará».","translation":"If this dream faded, I would imagine myself traveling through the Malay archipelago, aboard a sailing ship on the Indian Ocean; I had changed my name, I mumbled English, my sadness was perhaps the same, but now I had strong arms and the calmest of gazes; perhaps in Borneo, perhaps in Calcutta or beyond the Red Sea, or on the far side of the Taiga, in Korea or in Manchuria, my life will be rebuilt.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p18-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se reedificará","title":"Shift into the future tense","body":"After a string of imperfect daydreaming verbs («me imaginaba», «mascullaba», «tenía»), the sentence jolts into the future «se reedificará» ('my life will be rebuilt'). The tense break makes the fantasy suddenly feel real and promised — the only forward-looking hope in a chapter otherwise sealed in memory. The closing » shuts the long quotation."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"serenísima","title":"«-ísimo» — the absolute superlative","body":"«serenísima» is «serena» ('calm, serene') plus the suffix «-ísima», the absolute superlative: 'extremely calm, the calmest'. It expresses a high degree without comparison to anyone else — his imagined new self has a gaze 'utterly serene'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desvanecía","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of desvanecía","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"desvanecía","lemma":"desvanecir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on imaginaba","gloss":"faded"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sueño","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sueño","lemma":"sueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of desvanecía","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"reflexive particle of imaginaba","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"imaginaba","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imagined"},{"surface":"viajando","lemma":"viajar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on imaginaba","gloss":"traveling"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking archipiélago","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of archipiélago","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"archipiélago","lemma":"archipiélago","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of viajando","gloss":"archipelago"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Malasia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Malasia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Malasia","lemma":"Malasia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies archipiélago","gloss":"Malaysia","note":"Rendered as the adjective «Malay» in our translation for fluency (Malay archipelago)."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the idiom «a bordo de» (aboard)","gloss":"aboard"},{"surface":"bordo","lemma":"bordo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the idiom «a bordo de»","gloss":"board","note":"«A bordo de» is a fixed idiom meaning «aboard / on board of.»"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom «a bordo de»","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of velero","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"velero","lemma":"velero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of a","gloss":"sailing ship"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking océano","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of océano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"océano","lemma":"océano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies velero","gloss":"ocean"},{"surface":"Indico","lemma":"Índico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies océano","gloss":"Indian"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of cambiado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"cambiado","lemma":"cambiar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"content clause of imaginaba (what he pictured)","gloss":"changed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nombre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nombre","lemma":"nombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cambiado","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"mascullaba","lemma":"mascullar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"content clause of imaginaba (what he pictured)","gloss":"mumbled"},{"surface":"inglés","lemma":"inglés","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mascullaba","gloss":"English"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tristeza","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"tristeza","lemma":"tristeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of misma","gloss":"sadness"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to misma","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies misma","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of misma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"misma","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tenía","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with era","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"fuertes","lemma":"fuerte","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies brazos","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"serenísima","lemma":"serenísimo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"calmest"},{"surface":"quizás","lemma":"quizás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies imaginaba","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Borneo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Borneo","lemma":"Borneo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of en","gloss":"Borneo"},{"surface":"quizás","lemma":"quizás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies imaginaba (another imagined possibility)","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Calcuta","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Calcuta","lemma":"Calcuta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of en","gloss":"Calcutta"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies allá","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"allá","lemma":"allá","morphology":"adverb","role":"another possible location, coordinated with en Borneo/en Calcuta","gloss":"beyond","note":"«Más allá» is a fixed phrase meaning «beyond, further off.»"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mar","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mar","lemma":"mar","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"oblique complement of allá","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"Rojo","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mar","gloss":"Red"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lado","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lado","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"lado","lemma":"lado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"another possible location, coordinated with allá","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Taiga","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Taiga","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Taiga","lemma":"Taiga","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies lado","gloss":"Taiga"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Corea","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Corea","lemma":"Corea","morphology":"proper noun","role":"another possible location, coordinated with lado","gloss":"Korea"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Manchuria","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Manchuria","lemma":"Manchuria","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Corea","gloss":"Manchuria"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of reedificará","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive/passive marker","role":"passive marker of reedificará","gloss":"(passive)"},{"surface":"reedificará","lemma":"reedificar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the final clause","gloss":"will be rebuilt"}]},{"number":58,"label":"19","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p19-s1","source":"Cierto es que ya no eran los sueños del inventor ni del nombre que descubría unos rayos eléctricos, tan poderosos como para fundir moles de acero como si fueran lentejas de cera, ni presidiría la mesa vidriada de la Liga de las Naciones.","translation":"True, these were no longer the dreams of the inventor, nor of the man who discovered electric rays powerful enough to melt masses of steel as if they were lentils of wax, nor would he preside over the glass table of the League of Nations.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p19-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tan poderosos como para","title":"«tan... como para» — enough to","body":"«tan... como para» plus an infinitive expresses sufficiency, 'so... as to / enough to': «tan poderosos como para fundir moles de acero» = 'powerful enough to melt masses of steel'. «como si fueran» ('as if they were') again pairs «como si» with the imperfect subjunctive for an unreal comparison."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"True"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sueños","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies eran","gloss":"no longer","note":"«Ya no» together mean «no longer.»"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies eran","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"eran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to sueños","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of sueños","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sueños","lemma":"sueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of eran","gloss":"dreams"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inventor","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"inventor","lemma":"inventor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sueños","gloss":"inventor"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"nombre","lemma":"nombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with inventor","gloss":"name","note":"«Nombre» literally means «name,» but here it stands for the man himself — our translation renders «del nombre que descubría...» idiomatically as «of the man who discovered...»"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of descubría","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"descubría","lemma":"descubrir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying nombre","gloss":"discovered"},{"surface":"unos","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of rayos","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"rayos","lemma":"rayo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of descubría","gloss":"rays"},{"surface":"eléctricos","lemma":"eléctrico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies rayos","gloss":"electric"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies poderosos","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"poderosos","lemma":"poderoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies rayos","gloss":"powerful"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fundir","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fundir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fundir","lemma":"fundir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying poderosos","gloss":"melt"},{"surface":"moles","lemma":"mole","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of fundir","gloss":"masses"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking acero","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"acero","lemma":"acero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies moles","gloss":"steel"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lentejas","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of lentejas","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"fueran","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to lentejas","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"lentejas","lemma":"lenteja","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of fueran","gloss":"lentils"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cera","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cera","lemma":"cera","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lentejas","gloss":"wax"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"presidiría","lemma":"presidir","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with eran","gloss":"would preside"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mesa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mesa","lemma":"mesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of presidiría","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"vidriada","lemma":"vidriado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mesa","gloss":"glass"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Liga","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Liga","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Liga","lemma":"Liga","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies mesa","gloss":"League"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Naciones","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of Naciones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Naciones","lemma":"Naciones","morphology":"proper noun","role":"completes the compound name «Liga de las Naciones»","gloss":"Nations"}]},{"number":59,"label":"20","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p20-s1","source":"En otros momentos el terror avanzaba en Erdosain: tenía la sensación de estar engrilletado, la terrible civilización lo había metido dentro de un chaleco de fuerza del que no se podía escapar.","translation":"At other moments the terror advanced in Erdosain: he had the sensation of being shackled, terrible civilization had stuffed him inside a straitjacket from which there was no escape.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p20-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"chaleco de fuerza","title":"«chaleco de fuerza» — straitjacket","body":"«chaleco de fuerza» (literally 'force / strength vest') is a 'straitjacket'. Note the shift here from Erdosain's own voice back to the narrator's third person ('the terror advanced in Erdosain'). «del que no se podía escapar» = 'from which one could not escape', the impersonal «se» making the entrapment universal."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momentos","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of momentos","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"momentos","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of avanzaba","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of terror","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terror","lemma":"terror","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of avanzaba","gloss":"terror"},{"surface":"avanzaba","lemma":"avanzar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"advanced"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of avanzaba","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause after the colon","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sensación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sensación","lemma":"sensación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"sensation"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking engrilletado","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to engrilletado","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"engrilletado","lemma":"engrilletado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying sensación","gloss":"shackled"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of civilización","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terrible","lemma":"terrible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies civilización","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"civilización","lemma":"civilización","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of metido","gloss":"civilization"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of metido","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of metido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"metido","lemma":"meter","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of a new clause, coordinated with tenía","gloss":"stuffed"},{"surface":"dentro","lemma":"dentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies metido","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chaleco","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of chaleco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"chaleco","lemma":"chaleco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dentro","gloss":"jacket","note":"«Chaleco de fuerza» is the fixed idiom for «straitjacket.»"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fuerza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fuerza","lemma":"fuerza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies chaleco","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of de (fused in del), referring to chaleco","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies podía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal","role":"impersonal marker with podía escapar","gloss":"(impersonal)"},{"surface":"podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of escapar","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"escapar","lemma":"escapar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying chaleco","gloss":"escape"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p20-s2","source":"Veíase encadenado y con el traje de rayadillo, cruzando lentamente en una columna presidiaría, entre médanos de nieve, hacía los bosques de Ushuaia.","translation":"He saw himself in chains and in the striped uniform, crossing slowly in a column of convicts, among dunes of snow, toward the forests of Ushuaia.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p20-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Veíase","title":"Enclitic «se» on «veía»","body":"«Veíase» is «se veía» ('he saw himself') with the pronoun «se» attached after the verb — a literary, slightly archaic word order Arlt favors at sentence openings. «el traje de rayadillo» is the striped cloth uniform of a convict; «médanos» are 'dunes'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Veíase","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular, with enclitic reflexive pronoun se (literary word order)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw himself","note":"«Veíase» = «veía» + «se» (archaic/literary placement of the reflexive clitic after the verb) — «he saw himself.»"},{"surface":"encadenado","lemma":"encadenado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Veíase","gloss":"in chains"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking traje","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of traje","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"traje","lemma":"traje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with encadenado (object of con)","gloss":"uniform"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rayadillo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"rayadillo","lemma":"rayadillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies traje","gloss":"striped cloth","note":"«Rayadillo» was a striped cotton fabric historically used for prison and military uniforms."},{"surface":"cruzando","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"gerund clause modifying Veíase","gloss":"crossing"},{"surface":"lentamente","lemma":"lentamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cruzando","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking columna","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of columna","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"columna","lemma":"columna","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cruzando","gloss":"column"},{"surface":"presidiaría","lemma":"presidiario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies columna","gloss":"convicts'","note":"«Presidiaria» (convict, adjective) — the tagger misread the accented spelling in this edition as a verb."},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking médanos","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"médanos","lemma":"médano","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cruzando","gloss":"dunes"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nieve","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nieve","lemma":"nieve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies médanos","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bosques","gloss":"toward","note":"Here «hacía» functions as the preposition «hacia» (toward), not the verb «hacía» (was doing) — likely an accent typo in this edition."},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of bosques","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bosques","lemma":"bosque","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of hacia","gloss":"forests"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ushuaia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Ushuaia","lemma":"Ushuaia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies bosques","gloss":"Ushuaia"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p20-s3","source":"El cielo estaba arriba blanco como una chapa de estaño.","translation":"The sky overhead was white like a sheet of tin.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p20-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"chapa de estaño","title":"«chapa de estaño» — sheet of tin","body":"«chapa» is a 'sheet / plate' of metal and «estaño» is 'tin': «una chapa de estaño» = 'a sheet of tin'. The cold, industrial simile for the sky is signature Arlt — the natural world rendered in the dull metal of a workshop."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to blanco","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"arriba","lemma":"arriba","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies estaba","gloss":"overhead"},{"surface":"blanco","lemma":"blanco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estaba","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with chapa","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of chapa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"chapa","lemma":"chapa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of como","gloss":"sheet"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estaño","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"estaño","lemma":"estaño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies chapa","gloss":"tin"}]},{"number":62,"label":"21","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p21-s1","source":"Esta visión le enardeció; aciegado del furor lento, se levantó, caminando de una parte a otra del cuarto, tenía intenciones de golpear las paredes con los puños, hubiera querido horadar los muros con los huesos; luego se detuvo en la jamba de la puerta, se cruzó de brazos, nuevamente la pena retrepó hasta su garganta, era inútil cuanto hiciera, en su vida había una realidad ostensible, única, absoluta.","translation":"This vision inflamed him; blinded by a slow fury, he rose, pacing back and forth across the room; he had a mind to strike the walls with his fists, he could have wished to bore through the walls with his bones; then he stopped at the doorjamb, crossed his arms, and once more the grief climbed up to his throat; whatever he did was useless, in his life there was one plain reality, single, absolute.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p21-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hubiera querido","title":"Pluperfect subjunctive as a wish","body":"«hubiera querido horadar los muros» = 'he could have / would have wished to bore through the walls'. The pluperfect subjunctive «hubiera querido» expresses an impossible, frustrated desire — a longing for something that cannot be done, intensifying his impotent rage."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"cuanto hiciera","title":"«cuanto» + subjunctive — 'whatever'","body":"«cuanto hiciera» means 'whatever he might do, however much he did', with «hiciera» in the imperfect subjunctive because the action is indefinite. «era inútil cuanto hiciera» = 'whatever he did was useless'. «cuanto» alone serves as 'all that, as much as'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of visión","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"visión","lemma":"visión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of enardeció","gloss":"vision"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"direct object of enardeció (leísmo)","gloss":"him","note":"le is dative in form but used here as a direct object referring to a man — a common leísmo pattern in Spanish."},{"surface":"enardeció","lemma":"enardecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"inflamed"},{"surface":"aciegado","lemma":"aciegar","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on levantó","gloss":"blinded","note":"aciegar is an archaic verb meaning 'to blind,' a poetic variant of cegar."},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking furor","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"furor","lemma":"furor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies aciegado","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"lento","lemma":"lento","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies furor","gloss":"slow"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of levantó","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with enardeció","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"caminando","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on levantó","gloss":"pacing"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parte","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of parte","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"parte","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of caminando","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otra","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition a","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuarto","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"cuarto","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies otra","gloss":"room"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with enardeció","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"intenciones","lemma":"intención","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"a mind"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of golpear","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"golpear","lemma":"golpear","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying intenciones","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of paredes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"paredes","lemma":"pared","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of golpear","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puños","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of puños","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puños","lemma":"puño","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of golpear","gloss":"fists"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of querido","gloss":"could have"},{"surface":"querido","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with enardeció","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"horadar","lemma":"horadar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of querido","gloss":"bore through"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of muros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"muros","lemma":"muro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of horadar","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huesos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of huesos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"huesos","lemma":"hueso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of horadar","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies detuvo","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of detuvo","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"detuvo","lemma":"detener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with enardeció","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jamba","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of jamba","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jamba","lemma":"jamba","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of detuvo","gloss":"doorjamb"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puerta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of puerta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puerta","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies jamba","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of cruzó","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"cruzó","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with detuvo","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazos","gloss":"with","note":"cruzarse de brazos is the idiom 'to cross one's arms.'"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cruzó","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"nuevamente","lemma":"nuevamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies retrepó","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pena","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pena","lemma":"pena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of retrepó","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"retrepó","lemma":"retrepar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with enardeció","gloss":"climbed","note":"retrepar is an archaic/regional variant of trepar, 'to climb.'"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking garganta","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of garganta","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"garganta","lemma":"garganta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of retrepó","gloss":"throat"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to inútil","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"inútil","lemma":"inútil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"useless"},{"surface":"cuanto","lemma":"cuanto","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hiciera","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"hiciera","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying cuanto","gloss":"he did"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of había","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with enardeció","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of realidad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"realidad","lemma":"realidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of había","gloss":"reality"},{"surface":"ostensible","lemma":"ostensible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies realidad","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"única","lemma":"único","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies realidad","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"absoluta","lemma":"absoluto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies realidad","gloss":"absolute"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p21-s2","source":"El y los otros.","translation":"He and the others.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p21-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with otros","gloss":"He","note":"El here stands for Él ('he'); the accent is missing in this edition."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of otros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with El","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p21-s3","source":"Entre él y los otros se interponía una distancia, era quizá la incomprensión de los demás, o quizá su locura.","translation":"Between him and the others a distance came between them; it was perhaps the others' failure to understand, or perhaps his own madness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p21-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se interponía","title":"Imperfect of «interponerse»","body":"«se interponía una distancia» = 'a distance interposed itself / came between'. The pronominal «interponerse» means 'to come between, stand in the way'; the imperfect frames the distance as a permanent, standing condition. «los demás» = 'the others, everyone else', echoing «los otros»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"Between"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of interponía","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of otros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with él","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of interponía","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"interponía","lemma":"interponer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came between"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of distancia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"distancia","lemma":"distancia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of interponía","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to incomprensión","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies incomprensión","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of incomprensión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"incomprensión","lemma":"incomprensión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"failure to understand"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking demás","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of demás","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"demás","lemma":"demás","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"complement of incomprensión","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies locura","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of locura","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"locura","lemma":"locura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with incomprensión","gloss":"madness"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p21-s4","source":"De cualquier forma, no por eso era menos desdichado.","translation":"In any case, he was no less wretched for that.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p21-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"no por eso... menos","title":"«no por eso menos» — none the less","body":"«no por eso era menos desdichado» = 'he was not for that reason any less wretched, he was no less wretched for it'. The frame «no por eso... menos» concedes a cause yet denies it lessens the result. «desdichado» = 'wretched, unfortunate', a key note of Erdosain's self-image."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forma","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"cualquier","lemma":"cualquiera","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of era","gloss":"case"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies era","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of por","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to desdichado","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"menos","lemma":"menos","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies desdichado","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"desdichado","lemma":"desdichado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wretched"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p21-s5","source":"Y nuevamente el pasado se levantó por pedazos ante sus ojos; la verdad es que hubiera deseado escaparse de sí mismo, abandonar definitivamente aquella vida que contenía su cuerpo y que lo envenenaba.","translation":"And once more the past rose up in pieces before his eyes; the truth is he would have wished to escape from himself, to abandon for good that life which contained his body and was poisoning him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p21-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"escaparse de sí mismo","title":"«sí mismo» — oneself","body":"«sí mismo» is the reflexive 'himself / oneself' after a preposition: «escaparse de sí mismo» = 'to escape from himself'. The doubly reflexive image — escaping oneself — captures the core of Erdosain's anguish: the self is the trap he cannot leave."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies levantó","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"nuevamente","lemma":"nuevamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies levantó","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pasado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pasado","lemma":"pasado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of levantó","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pedazos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"pedazos","lemma":"pedazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of por","gloss":"pieces"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of levantó","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of verdad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verdad","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking verdad to the que-clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of deseado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of deseado","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"deseado","lemma":"desear","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"escaparse","lemma":"escapar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of deseado","gloss":"escape"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sí","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"oblique complement of escaparse","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sí","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"abandonar","lemma":"abandonar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with escaparse","gloss":"abandon"},{"surface":"definitivamente","lemma":"definitivamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies abandonar","gloss":"for good"},{"surface":"aquella","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of abandonar","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of contenía","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"contenía","lemma":"contener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying vida","gloss":"contained"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cuerpo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cuerpo","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of contenía","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of envenenaba","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of envenenaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"envenenaba","lemma":"envenenar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with contenía","gloss":"was poisoning"}]},{"number":67,"label":"22","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p22-s1","source":"¡Ah!, entrar a un mundo más nuevo con grandes caminos en los bosques, y donde el hedor de las fieras fuera más incomparablemente dulce que la horrible presencia del hombre.","translation":"Ah!, to enter a newer world with great roads through the forests, where the stench of wild beasts would be incomparably sweeter than the horrible presence of man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p22-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fuera más dulce","title":"Subjunctive in a wished-for world","body":"«donde el hedor de las fieras fuera más dulce» = 'where the stench of beasts would be sweeter'. The relative clause uses the imperfect subjunctive «fuera» because this world is only wished for, not real — the subjunctive marks the whole longed-for place as hypothetical. «hedor» = 'stench'; «fieras» = 'wild beasts'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on entrar","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"entrar","lemma":"entrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to enter"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of entrar","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nuevo","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"nuevo","lemma":"nuevo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caminos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"grandes","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies caminos","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"caminos","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bosques","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of bosques","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bosques","lemma":"bosque","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies caminos","gloss":"forests"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"donde","lemma":"donde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of fuera","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hedor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hedor","lemma":"hedor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fuera","gloss":"stench"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fieras","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of fieras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fieras","lemma":"fiera","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies hedor","gloss":"wild beasts"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to dulce","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies incomparablemente","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"incomparablemente","lemma":"incomparablemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dulce","gloss":"incomparably"},{"surface":"dulce","lemma":"dulce","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of fuera","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with presencia","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of presencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"horrible","lemma":"horrible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies presencia","gloss":"horrible"},{"surface":"presencia","lemma":"presencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of que (comparison)","gloss":"presence"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies presencia","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":68,"label":"23","id":"trabajo-de-la-angustia-p23-s1","source":"Y caminaba, quería extenuarlo a su cuerpo, agotarlo definitivamente, aplastarlo por el cansancio hasta tal grado que le fuera imposible modular una sola idea.","translation":"And he walked, he wanted to exhaust his body, to wear it out completely, to crush it with weariness to such a degree that forming a single idea would be impossible for him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/trabajo-de-la-angustia-p23-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"extenuarlo a su cuerpo","title":"Clitic «lo» doubling the object","body":"«extenuarlo a su cuerpo» repeats the object: the pronoun «lo» plus the full «a su cuerpo» ('to wear it out, his body'). The same doubling runs through «agotarlo», «aplastarlo» — a very River Plate habit. «hasta tal grado que... fuera imposible» uses the subjunctive «fuera» for an intended result ('to such a degree that... would be impossible')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies caminaba","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"caminaba","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"quería","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with caminaba","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"extenuarlo","lemma":"extenuar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quería","gloss":"exhaust","note":"extenuarlo a su cuerpo doubles the object (clitic lo + a su cuerpo), a common emphatic construction in colloquial Spanish."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cuerpo","gloss":"(marks object)"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cuerpo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cuerpo","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object doubling the clitic lo on extenuarlo","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"agotarlo","lemma":"agotar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with extenuarlo","gloss":"wear out"},{"surface":"definitivamente","lemma":"definitivamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies agotarlo","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"aplastarlo","lemma":"aplastar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with extenuarlo","gloss":"crush"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cansancio","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cansancio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cansancio","lemma":"cansancio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aplastarlo","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grado","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of grado","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"grado","lemma":"grado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aplastarlo","gloss":"a degree"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of imposible","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of fuera","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to imposible","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"imposible","lemma":"imposible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of fuera","gloss":"impossible"},{"surface":"modular","lemma":"modular","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of imposible","gloss":"to form"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of idea","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies idea","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of modular","gloss":"idea"}]}]}