{"work":{"slug":"arlt","title":{"source":"Los siete locos","translated":"The Seven Madmen"},"author":"Roberto Arlt","language":"Spanish","languageCode":"es","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"un-crimen","title":{"source":"Un crimen","translated":"A Crime"},"section":"Part Two","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/un-crimen","lines":162},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/la-vida-interior","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/sensacion-de-lo-subconsciente","license":"Source text: public domain (Roberto Arlt, d. 1942). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: this is a minimal seed excerpt to make the app target runnable; full verified content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"un-crimen-p1-s1","source":"Erdosain levantó bruscamente la cabeza, e Hipólita, como si hubiera estado pensando en él, dijo:","translation":"Erdosain raised his head abruptly, and Hipólita, as if she had been thinking about him, said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"como si hubiera estado","title":"«como si» + pluperfect subjunctive","body":"«como si» ('as if') always triggers the subjunctive, and here the past-perfect subjunctive «hubiera estado pensando» frames an unreal, contrary-to-fact background: 'as if she had been thinking'. The «-ra» form of «haber» plus a past participle is the standard way Spanish builds this hypothetical past."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"bruscamente","lemma":"bruscamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies levantó","gloss":"abruptly"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of levantó","gloss":"head","note":"Spanish uses the definite article ('the head') where English uses a possessive ('his head')."},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pensando","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pensando","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pensando","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"estado","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"auxiliary of pensando","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"pensando","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on dijo","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pensando","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with levantó","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"un-crimen-p2-s1","source":"–Vos también... vos también fuiste muy desgraciado.","translation":"\"You too... you too were very wretched.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Vos también... fuiste","title":"Rioplatense «vos»","body":"In Buenos Aires Spanish «vos» replaces «tú» for the familiar 'you'. With a regular preterite like «fuiste» the verb form is identical to «tú fuiste», but the pronoun «vos» is the unmistakable mark of porteño speech that runs through Arlt's dialogue."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vos","lemma":"vos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"emphatic repetition of vos (fragment)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Vos","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"vos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of fuiste","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fuiste","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"fuiste","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies desgraciado","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"desgraciado","lemma":"desgraciado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of fuiste","gloss":"wretched"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"un-crimen-p3-s1","source":"Erdosain tomó la fría mano de la mujer y apoyó en ella los labios.","translation":"Erdosain took the woman's cold hand and pressed his lips to it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of tomó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"tomó","lemma":"tomar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fría","lemma":"frío","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mano","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tomó","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mujer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mano","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"apoyó","lemma":"apoyar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tomó","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ella","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyó","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of labios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"labios","lemma":"labio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of apoyó","gloss":"lips"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"un-crimen-p4-s1","source":"Ella continuó despacio:","translation":"She went on slowly:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of continuó","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"despacio","lemma":"despacio","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies continuó","gloss":"slowly"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"un-crimen-p5-s1","source":"–A veces me parece un mal sueño esta vida.","translation":"\"Sometimes this life seems like a bad dream to me.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me parece","title":"«parecer» with an indirect object","body":"«parecer» ('to seem') takes an indirect-object pronoun for the person to whom something seems: «me parece» = 'it seems to me'. The thing that seems is the grammatical subject — here «esta vida» — even though it lands at the end of the sentence."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies parece","gloss":"sometimes"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"part of the phrase A","gloss":"sometimes","note":"«a veces» is a fixed phrase meaning 'sometimes.'"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parece","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sueño","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mal","lemma":"mal","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sueño","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"sueño","lemma":"sueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parece","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of parece","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":6,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p5-s2","source":"Ahora que me siento tuya me aparece otra vez la pena de otros tiempos.","translation":"Now that I feel I am yours, the sorrow of other times comes back to me again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p5-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me siento tuya","title":"Pronominal «sentirse»","body":"«sentirse» ('to feel oneself / to feel a certain way') is the reflexive form of «sentir»; it describes one's own inner state. «me siento tuya» literally is 'I feel myself yours' — 'I feel I belong to you'. The adjective «tuya» agrees in feminine because Hipólita is speaking of herself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aparece","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of siento","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of siento","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"siento","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Ahora","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"tuya","lemma":"tuyo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of siento","gloss":"yours"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of aparece","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"aparece","lemma":"aparecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes back"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of aparece","gloss":"again","note":"«otra vez» together mean 'again.'"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pena","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pena","lemma":"pena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of aparece","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiempos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tiempos","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"tiempos","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pena","gloss":"times"}]},{"number":7,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p5-s3","source":"Siempre, en todas partes, sufrimientos.","translation":"Always, everywhere, suffering.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p5-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sufrimientos","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking partes","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of partes","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"partes","lemma":"parte","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies sufrimientos","gloss":"places","note":"«en todas partes» means 'everywhere.'"},{"surface":"sufrimientos","lemma":"sufrimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"suffering"}]},{"number":8,"label":"6","id":"un-crimen-p6-s1","source":"Luego dijo:","translation":"Then she said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":9,"label":"7","id":"un-crimen-p7-s1","source":"–¿Qué es lo que habrá que hacer para no sufrir?","translation":"\"What will one have to do in order not to suffer?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"habrá que hacer","title":"«haber que» + infinitive","body":"The impersonal «hay que» means 'one must / it is necessary to'. Put into the future, «habrá que hacer» = 'one will have to do'. It is always third-person singular and has no specific subject — a general obligation, not aimed at any particular person."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"interrogative pronoun, singular","role":"complement of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of habrá","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"habrá","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of lo","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase habrá","gloss":"to","note":"«haber que + infinitive» is an impersonal construction meaning 'one must/will have to.'"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of habrá","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sufrir","gloss":"in order to"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sufrir","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sufrir","lemma":"sufrir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on hacer","gloss":"suffer"}]},{"number":10,"label":"8","id":"un-crimen-p8-s1","source":"–Es que llevamos el sufrimiento en nosotros.","translation":"\"The thing is, we carry the suffering inside us.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Es que","title":"«Es que» as an opener","body":"«Es que...» literally 'it is that...' is a common conversational lead-in used to explain or justify: 'the thing is...', 'it's just that...'. It softens what follows into an explanation rather than a blunt statement."}],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of llevamos","gloss":"that","note":"«Es que» is an idiom meaning 'the thing is' / 'it's just that.'"},{"surface":"llevamos","lemma":"llevar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of Es","gloss":"we carry"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sufrimiento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sufrimiento","lemma":"sufrimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of llevamos","gloss":"suffering"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nosotros","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"nosotros","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of llevamos","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":11,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p8-s2","source":"Una vez llegué a pensar que flotaba en el aire... era una idea ridícula; pero lo cierto es que la disconformidad está en uno.","translation":"Once I came to think it floated in the air... it was a ridiculous idea; but the truth is that the discontent is inside oneself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p8-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"llegué a pensar","title":"«llegar a» + infinitive","body":"«llegar a» plus an infinitive expresses reaching a point or going so far as to do something: «llegué a pensar» = 'I came to think', 'I got to the point of thinking'. The preterite «llegué» marks it as a completed step in the past, against the imperfect «flotaba» / «era» that paint the lingering backdrop."}],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llegué (adverbial: una vez = once)","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"llegué","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I came"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pensar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pensar","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of llegué","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of flotaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"flotaba","lemma":"flotar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of pensar","gloss":"it floated"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aire","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aire","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aire","lemma":"aire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of flotaba","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to idea","gloss":"it was"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of idea","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"idea","lemma":"idea","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"ridícula","lemma":"ridículo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies idea","gloss":"ridiculous"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of cierto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"truth"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by pero","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of está","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of disconformidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"disconformidad","lemma":"disconformidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"discontent"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uno","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of está","gloss":"oneself"}]},{"number":12,"label":"9","id":"un-crimen-p9-s1","source":"Callaron.","translation":"They fell silent.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Callaron","title":"«callar» = to go quiet","body":"«callar» means 'to fall silent / to stop speaking'. The bare preterite «callaron» captures the single moment the conversation breaks off — a one-word sentence Arlt uses to drop the room into silence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Callaron","lemma":"callar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell silent"}]},{"number":13,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p9-s2","source":"Hipólita acariciaba con lentitud su cabello, de pronto la mano se apartó de su cabeza y","translation":"Hipólita was slowly stroking his hair; suddenly her hand drew away from his head and","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p9-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"acariciaba","title":"Imperfect for an ongoing action","body":"«acariciaba» is the imperfect of «acariciar» ('to caress'): an action stretched out in time, 'was stroking'. It sets the gentle, continuous backdrop that the sudden preterite «se apartó» ('drew away') then interrupts."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of acariciaba","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"acariciaba","lemma":"acariciar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was stroking"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lentitud","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"lentitud","lemma":"lentitud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of acariciaba","gloss":"slowness"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cabello","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cabello","lemma":"cabello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of acariciaba","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"heads the phrase de pronto, modifies apartó","gloss":"suddenly","note":"«De pronto» is a fixed phrase meaning 'suddenly, all at once.'"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of apartó","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of apartó","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"apartó","lemma":"apartar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb, coordinated with acariciaba","gloss":"drew away"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cabeza","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apartó","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination, continuing into the next sentence","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":14,"label":"10","id":"un-crimen-p10-s1","source":"Erdosain sintió que la mujer apretaba su mano contra los labios.","translation":"Erdosain felt the woman press his hand against her lips.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sintió","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"sintió","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of apretaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of apretaba","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"apretaba","lemma":"apretar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sintió","gloss":"press"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of apretaba","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking labios","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of labios","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"labios","lemma":"labio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of apretaba","gloss":"lips"}]},{"number":15,"label":"11","id":"un-crimen-p11-s1","source":"Erdosain, sentándose a su lado, murmuró:","translation":"Erdosain, sitting down beside her, murmured:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sentándose","title":"Reflexive gerund «sentándose»","body":"«sentarse» ('to sit down') is pronominal, so its gerund keeps the reflexive pronoun attached: «sentándose» = 'sitting himself down'. As a gerund it marks an action happening at the same time as the main verb «murmuró»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of murmuró","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"sentándose","lemma":"sentar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on murmuró","gloss":"sitting down"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lado","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of lado","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"lado","lemma":"lado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentándose","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"murmuró","lemma":"murmurar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"murmured"}]},{"number":16,"label":"12","id":"un-crimen-p12-s1","source":"–Decíme, ¿qué te he hecho para que me hagas tan feliz?","translation":"\"Tell me, what have I done to you that you make me so happy?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Decíme","title":"The «vos» imperative","body":"«Decíme» is the affirmative command of «decir» in the «vos» form, with the pronoun «me» attached and the stress shifted to the final syllable («decí» + «me»). Compare the «tú» command «dime». The «vos» imperative is built by dropping the «-r» of the infinitive and stressing the last vowel."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"para que me hagas","title":"«para que» + subjunctive","body":"«para que» ('so that / in order that') always introduces the subjunctive, because the result is intended rather than stated as fact: «para que me hagas tan feliz» = 'so that you make me so happy'. «hagas» is the present subjunctive of «hacer»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Decíme","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person singular (voseo), with enclitic pronoun me","role":"main verb of the sentence (imperative)","gloss":"Tell me","note":"«Decíme» is the voseo imperative of decir ('tell') plus the enclitic me ('me') — Rioplatense for tú's dime."},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hecho","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hecho","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hecho","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the question","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hagas","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hagas","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of hagas","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"hagas","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, singular","role":"purpose clause modifying hecho","gloss":"you make"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies feliz","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"feliz","lemma":"feliz","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of hagas","gloss":"happy"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p12-s2","source":"¿No comprendes que haces bajar el cielo para mí?","translation":"Don't you understand that you bring heaven down for me?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p12-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"haces bajar","title":"«hacer» + infinitive (causative)","body":"«hacer» followed by another infinitive is causative: it means to make or cause that action to happen. «haces bajar el cielo» = 'you make heaven come down', 'you bring heaven down'. Spanish uses this two-verb pattern where English often reaches for a single causative verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies comprendes","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"comprendes","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of haces","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"haces","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of comprendes","gloss":"you make"},{"surface":"bajar","lemma":"bajar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of haces","gloss":"come down"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cielo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of bajar","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"oblique complement of haces","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":18,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p12-s3","source":"Nunca me había sentido tan enormemente desgraciado.","translation":"I had never felt so enormously wretched.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p12-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me había sentido","title":"The pluperfect","body":"«había sentido» is the pluperfect (past perfect): «haber» in the imperfect plus a past participle, 'I had felt'. It looks back to a state that held before the moment of speaking. Paired with «nunca», it sums up a whole prior life of misery."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentido","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sentido","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sentido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sentido","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"tan","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies enormemente","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"enormemente","lemma":"enormemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies desgraciado","gloss":"enormously"},{"surface":"desgraciado","lemma":"desgraciado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sentido","gloss":"wretched"}]},{"number":19,"label":"13","id":"un-crimen-p13-s1","source":"–¿Nadie te ha querido?","translation":"\"Has no one loved you?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"te ha querido","title":"«querer» = to love","body":"Beyond 'to want', «querer» is the everyday verb for loving a person: «te ha querido» = 'has loved you'. The present perfect «ha querido» asks about love at any point up to now."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of querido","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of querido","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of querido","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"querido","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"loved"}]},{"number":20,"label":"14","id":"un-crimen-p14-s1","source":"–No sé; pero nunca el amor me fue mostrado en su pasión terrible.","translation":"\"I don't know; but love was never shown to me in its terrible passion.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p14-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me fue mostrado","title":"Passive «ser» + participle","body":"«fue mostrado» is the true passive: «ser» in the preterite plus a past participle that agrees with the subject «el amor», 'was shown'. The indirect object «me» marks the person it was shown to. This formal passive is rarer in speech than the «se» passive, and lends the line a heightened, almost literary weight."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mostrado","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of amor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mostrado","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of mostrado","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of mostrado","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mostrado","lemma":"mostrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause, coordinated with sé","gloss":"shown"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pasión","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pasión","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"pasión","lemma":"pasión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mostrado","gloss":"passion"},{"surface":"terrible","lemma":"terrible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies pasión","gloss":"terrible"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p14-s2","source":"Cuando me casé tenía veinte años y creía en la espiritualidad del amor.","translation":"When I got married I was twenty years old and believed in the spirituality of love.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p14-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me casé / tenía / creía","title":"Preterite vs. imperfect","body":"«me casé» ('I got married') is preterite — a single completed event. «tenía» ('I was [years old]') and «creía» ('I believed') are imperfect — ongoing states surrounding that event. Age and belief are backdrop; the marriage is the point on the timeline."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of casé","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of casé","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"casé","lemma":"casar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tenía","gloss":"got married"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"veinte","lemma":"veinte","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies años","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"años","lemma":"año","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"creía","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tenía","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espiritualidad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of espiritualidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espiritualidad","lemma":"espiritualidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of creía","gloss":"spirituality"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amor","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies espiritualidad","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":22,"label":"15","id":"un-crimen-p15-s1","source":"Caviló un instante, mas no tardó en levantarse, y después de apagar la luz, se sentó en el diván junto a Hipólita.","translation":"He brooded for a moment, but did not take long to rise, and after turning off the light, he sat down on the divan beside Hipólita.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p15-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no tardó en levantarse","title":"«tardar en» + infinitive","body":"«tardar en» plus an infinitive means 'to take long / to be slow to do something'. Negated, «no tardó en levantarse» = 'he was not slow to get up', 'he soon got up'. «mas» here (without an accent) is a literary 'but', equivalent to «pero»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Caviló","lemma":"cavilar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"he brooded"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instante","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"instante","lemma":"instante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement of Caviló (duration)","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tardó","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tardó","lemma":"tardar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb, coordinated with Caviló","gloss":"take long"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of levantarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"levantarse","lemma":"levantar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tardó","gloss":"get up"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentó","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of apagar","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"apagar","lemma":"apagar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on después","gloss":"turning off"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of luz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"luz","lemma":"luz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of apagar","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sentó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sentó","lemma":"sentar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"third main verb, coordinated with Caviló and tardó","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diván","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of diván","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"diván","lemma":"diván","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentó","gloss":"divan"},{"surface":"junto","lemma":"junto","morphology":"adjective","role":"preposition marking Hipólita","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase junto","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of sentó","gloss":"Hipólita"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p15-s2","source":"Luego dijo:","translation":"Then he said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p15-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":24,"label":"16","id":"un-crimen-p16-s1","source":"–Quizá fuera un infeliz.","translation":"\"Maybe I was a poor wretch.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p16-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quizá fuera","title":"«quizá» + subjunctive","body":"«quizá» ('maybe / perhaps') can take the subjunctive to mark genuine doubt; the «-ra» imperfect subjunctive «fuera» here reads as a tentative past, 'maybe I was'. «un infeliz» literally 'an unhappy one' means a hapless, pitiable wretch."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quizá","lemma":"quizá","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fuera","gloss":"maybe"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to infeliz","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of infeliz","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"infeliz","lemma":"infeliz","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of fuera","gloss":"wretch"}]},{"number":25,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p16-s2","source":"Cuando me casé no la había besado a mi mujer.","translation":"When I got married I had not kissed my wife.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p16-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no la había besado a mi mujer","title":"Redundant object pronoun","body":"Spanish often doubles a direct object with a pronoun even when the noun is also named: «la había besado... a mi mujer» repeats 'her' / 'my wife'. The pronoun «la» announces the object before the explicit «a mi mujer» pins it down — natural, emphatic Spanish word order."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of casé","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of casé","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"casé","lemma":"casar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on besado","gloss":"got married"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies besado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of besado","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of besado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"besado","lemma":"besar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kissed"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mujer (personal a)","gloss":"(marks object)","note":"This is the personal 'a', marking «mujer» as a human direct object (doubled by the clitic la); it has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of besado (doubled by la)","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":26,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p16-s3","source":"Cierto es que jamás había sentido la necesidad de hacerlo, porque yo confundía con pureza lo que era frialdad de sus sentidos y además... porque yo creía que a una señorita no se le debe besar.","translation":"True, I had never felt the need to do it, because I confused with purity what was the coldness of her senses, and besides... because I believed that a young lady should not be kissed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p16-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo que era frialdad","title":"Neuter «lo que»","body":"«lo que» means 'what / that which' and packages a whole idea without a noun: «lo que era frialdad de sus sentidos» = 'what was the coldness of her senses'. The neuter «lo» points to an unnamed thing or situation rather than a specific masculine or feminine noun."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sentido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jamás","lemma":"jamás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentido","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sentido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sentido","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of necesidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"necesidad","lemma":"necesidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sentido","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacerlo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacerlo","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying necesidad","gloss":"do it"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of confundía","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of confundía","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"confundía","lemma":"confundir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sentido","gloss":"confused"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pureza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"pureza","lemma":"pureza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of confundía","gloss":"purity"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que with que, direct object of confundía","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of the relative phrase lo que, subject of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to frialdad","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"frialdad","lemma":"frialdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"coldness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sentidos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sentidos","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"sentidos","lemma":"sentido","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies frialdad","gloss":"senses"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creía (additional reason)","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of creía","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of creía","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"creía","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sentido (second reason), coordinated with confundía","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of besar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking señorita (personal a)","gloss":"(marks object)","note":"This is the personal 'a', marking «señorita» as a human direct object; it has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of señorita","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"señorita","lemma":"señorita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of besar","gloss":"young lady"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies besar","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"impersonal passive particle of besar","gloss":"(passive marker)"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"doubles the object señorita (leísmo with impersonal se)","gloss":"her","note":"With impersonal se plus a fronted personal-a object, Spanish doubles it with the dative clitic le even for what is semantically a direct object — a common leísmo pattern."},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of besar","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"besar","lemma":"besar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of debe","gloss":"kiss"}]},{"number":27,"label":"17","id":"un-crimen-p17-s1","source":"La otra sonreía en la oscuridad.","translation":"The other woman was smiling in the darkness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p17-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of otra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sonreía","gloss":"other woman"},{"surface":"sonreía","lemma":"sonreír","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was smiling"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oscuridad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of oscuridad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oscuridad","lemma":"oscuridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sonreía","gloss":"darkness"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p17-s2","source":"El estaba ahora sentado a la orilla del sofá, con los codos clavados en las rodillas y las mejillas entre la palma de las manos.","translation":"He was now sitting on the edge of the sofa, his elbows dug into his knees and his cheeks between the palms of his hands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p17-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"estaba sentado","title":"«estar» + participle for a posture","body":"«estar» plus a past participle describes a resulting state, not an action: «estaba sentado» = 'he was [in a] seated [position]', i.e. 'he was sitting'. The participle «sentado» works like an adjective and agrees with the subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sentado","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentado","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"sentado","lemma":"sentar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orilla","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of orilla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"orilla","lemma":"orilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentado","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sofá","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"sofá","lemma":"sofá","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies orilla","gloss":"sofa"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking codos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of codos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"codos","lemma":"codo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of sentado","gloss":"elbows"},{"surface":"clavados","lemma":"clavado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies codos","gloss":"dug"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rodillas","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of rodillas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rodillas","lemma":"rodilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of clavados","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mejillas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mejillas","lemma":"mejilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with codos (con los codos... y las mejillas...)","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palma","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of palma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"palma","lemma":"palma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of mejillas (implied position)","gloss":"palm"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking manos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies palma","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":29,"label":"18","id":"un-crimen-p18-s1","source":"Un relámpago violeta iluminó la habitación.","translation":"A violet flash of lightning lit up the room.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p18-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of relámpago","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"relámpago","lemma":"relámpago","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of iluminó","gloss":"lightning"},{"surface":"violeta","lemma":"violeta","morphology":"adjective, invariable","role":"modifies relámpago","gloss":"violet"},{"surface":"iluminó","lemma":"iluminar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lit up"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of habitación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"habitación","lemma":"habitación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of iluminó","gloss":"room"}]},{"number":30,"label":"19","id":"un-crimen-p19-s1","source":"El prosiguió con lentitud:","translation":"He continued slowly:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p19-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of prosiguió","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"prosiguió","lemma":"proseguir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"continued"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lentitud","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"lentitud","lemma":"lentitud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of prosiguió","gloss":"slowness"}]},{"number":31,"label":"20","id":"un-crimen-p20-s1","source":"–La señorita estaba en mi concepto como la más verdadera expresión de pureza.","translation":"\"In my mind the young lady stood as the truest expression of purity.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p20-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"la más verdadera","title":"Superlative with «el/la más»","body":"Spanish forms the superlative with the article plus «más» plus the adjective: «la más verdadera expresión» = 'the truest expression'. The article agrees with the noun, so «la» here matches feminine «expresión»."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of señorita","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"señorita","lemma":"señorita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"young lady"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking concepto","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of concepto","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"concepto","lemma":"concepto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estaba","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparative phrase, marking expresión","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of expresión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies verdadera","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"verdadera","lemma":"verdadero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies expresión","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"expresión","lemma":"expresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estaba","gloss":"expression"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pureza","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pureza","lemma":"pureza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies expresión","gloss":"purity"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p20-s2","source":"Además... no se ría... yo era pudoroso... y la noche del día que nos casamos, cuando ella se desvistió con naturalidad frente a la lámpara encendida, yo volví la cabeza avergonzado... y después me acosté con los pantalones puestos.","translation":"Besides... don't laugh... I was bashful... and on the night of the day we married, when she undressed naturally in front of the lit lamp, I turned my head away ashamed... and afterward I lay down with my trousers on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p20-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no se ría","title":"Negative «usted» command","body":"«no se ría» is a negative command addressed to «usted» (formal 'you'): 'don't laugh'. Negative commands always use the subjunctive, and with «reírse» the reflexive «se» sits before the verb. Notice Erdosain addresses Hipólita as «usted» here, keeping a formal distance even mid-confession."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"con los pantalones puestos","title":"«puesto» = (clothes) on","body":"«puesto», the participle of «poner», is the ordinary word for clothing worn on the body: «con los pantalones puestos» = 'with his trousers on'. The image — a groom lying in the marriage bed still dressed — is the whole point of his shame."}],"words":[{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ría","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ría","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of ría","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ría","lemma":"reír","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the negative command (usted imperative)","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of era","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to pudoroso","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"pudoroso","lemma":"pudoroso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"bashful"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volví","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking día","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies noche","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the relative clause modifying día","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of casamos","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"casamos","lemma":"casar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"relative clause modifying día","gloss":"got married"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desvistió","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of desvistió","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of desvistió","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"desvistió","lemma":"desvestir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on volví","gloss":"undressed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking naturalidad","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"naturalidad","lemma":"naturalidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desvistió","gloss":"naturalness"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, part of the compound preposition frente a","role":"preposition marking lámpara","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase frente","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lámpara","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lámpara","lemma":"lámpara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desvistió","gloss":"lamp"},{"surface":"encendida","lemma":"encendido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lámpara","gloss":"lit"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of volví","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"volví","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the final clause, coordinated with era","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of volví","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"avergonzado","lemma":"avergonzado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"secondary predicate describing yo (subject of volví)","gloss":"ashamed"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies acosté","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acosté","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"acosté","lemma":"acostar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with volví","gloss":"lay down"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pantalones","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pantalones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pantalones","lemma":"pantalón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of acosté","gloss":"trousers"},{"surface":"puestos","lemma":"puesto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pantalones","gloss":"on"}]},{"number":33,"label":"21","id":"un-crimen-p21-s1","source":"–¿Usted hizo eso? –en la voz de la mujer temblaba la indignación.","translation":"\"You did that?\" — indignation trembled in the woman's voice.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p21-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of hizo","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"hizo","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hizo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voz","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voz","lemma":"voz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of temblaba","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mujer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies voz","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"temblaba","lemma":"temblar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"trembled"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of indignación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"indignación","lemma":"indignación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of temblaba","gloss":"indignation"}]},{"number":34,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p21-s2","source":"Erdosain se echó a reír, excitadísimo:","translation":"Erdosain burst out laughing, wildly worked up:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p21-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se echó a reír","title":"«echarse a» + infinitive","body":"«echarse a» plus an infinitive marks the sudden start of an action: «se echó a reír» = 'he burst out laughing'. «excitadísimo» adds the absolute superlative suffix «-ísimo» to «excitado» — 'extremely worked up' — an intensity Arlt loves."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of echó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of echó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"echó","lemma":"echar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"burst out"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of reír","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"reír","lemma":"reír","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of echó","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"excitadísimo","lemma":"excitadísimo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular, abs","role":"secondary predicate describing Erdosain (subject of echó)","gloss":"worked up"}]},{"number":35,"label":"22","id":"un-crimen-p22-s1","source":"–¿Por qué no? –al tiempo que examinaba oblicuamente a la Coja se restregaba las manos–.","translation":"\"Why not?\" — while he looked sidelong at the Lame Woman he was rubbing his hands together.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p22-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"al tiempo que","title":"«al tiempo que» = while","body":"«al tiempo que» is a connector meaning 'at the same time as / while', linking two simultaneous actions. «la Coja» ('the Lame Woman') is the narrator's blunt nickname for Hipólita, who limps — Arlt names his characters by their wounds."}],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"Why"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what","note":"«Por qué» together means 'why.'"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates the implied verb","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom al tiempo que ('while')","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom al tiempo que","gloss":"time","note":"«Al tiempo que» is a compound conjunction meaning 'while' / 'at the same time as.'"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the idiom al tiempo que, introduces the clause of examinaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"examinaba","lemma":"examinar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on restregaba","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"oblicuamente","lemma":"oblicuamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies examinaba","gloss":"sidelong"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Coja (personal a)","gloss":"(marks object)","note":"This is the personal 'a,' required before a direct object naming a specific person; it has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Coja","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Coja","lemma":"Coja","morphology":"proper noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of examinaba","gloss":"Lame Woman"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of restregaba","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"restregaba","lemma":"restregar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the narrative clause","gloss":"was rubbing"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of restregaba","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":36,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p22-s2","source":"He hecho eso y muchas cosas más graves aún.","translation":"I have done that and many things graver still.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p22-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"He","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hecho","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hecho","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"muchas","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with eso","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies graves","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"graves","lemma":"grave","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies cosas","gloss":"graver"},{"surface":"aún","lemma":"aún","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies graves","gloss":"still"}]},{"number":37,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p22-s3","source":"Y las que haré... «Han llegado los tiempos», decía su esposo.","translation":"And the ones I will do... 'The times have come,' your husband used to say.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p22-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"las que haré","title":"Relative «las que»","body":"«las que» means 'the ones that / those which', standing in for a feminine plural noun already understood — here «cosas» ('things'): «las que haré» = 'the ones I will do'. The article «las» carries the gender and number so the noun need not be repeated."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase (the ones, refers to cosas)","gloss":"the ones","note":"«Las que» together means 'the ones that,' referring back to «cosas» in the previous line."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of haré","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"haré","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying las (the ones)","gloss":"I will do"},{"surface":"Han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of llegado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"llegado","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of decía","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tiempos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiempos","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of llegado","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"decía","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"used to say"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esposo","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"esposo","lemma":"esposo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of decía","gloss":"husband"}]},{"number":38,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p22-s4","source":"Creo que tiene razón.","translation":"I think he is right.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p22-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tiene razón","title":"«tener razón» = to be right","body":"Spanish says 'to have reason' for being right: «tiene razón» = 'he is right'. Like «tener hambre» ('to be hungry') or «tener miedo» ('to be afraid'), it is one of the fixed «tener» idioms where English uses 'to be'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Creo","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tiene","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Creo","gloss":"is","note":"«Tener razón» is an idiom meaning 'to be right' (literally 'to have reason')."},{"surface":"razón","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":39,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p22-s5","source":"Claro está que dichos episodios se refieren a una época de mi vida en la que vivía como un idiota.","translation":"Of course, those episodes refer to a period of my life when I lived like an idiot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p22-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se refieren a","title":"Pronominal «referirse a»","body":"«referirse a» ('to refer to') is pronominal: it always carries a reflexive pronoun («se» here) and the preposition «a». «dichos episodios» uses «dicho» as an adjective meaning 'aforementioned / said' — 'those episodes just mentioned'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of está","gloss":"Of course"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of refieren","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dichos","lemma":"dicho","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies episodios","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"episodios","lemma":"episodio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of refieren","gloss":"episodes"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of refieren","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"refieren","lemma":"referir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of está","gloss":"refer"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking época","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of época","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"época","lemma":"época","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of refieren","gloss":"period"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies época","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking la que (in which, refers to época)","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the relative phrase la que (refers to época)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"part of the relative phrase la que; oblique complement of vivía","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"vivía","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying época","gloss":"I lived"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of idiota","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of idiota","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"idiota","lemma":"idiota","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"oblique complement of vivía","gloss":"idiot"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p22-s6","source":"Le digo esto para que esté segura que si me tuviera que acostar con usted no lo haría con los pantalones puestos...","translation":"I tell you this so that you may be sure that if I had to go to bed with you I would not do it with my trousers on...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p22-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si me tuviera que acostar... no lo haría","title":"Unreal conditional","body":"A hypothetical 'if' takes the imperfect subjunctive in the «si» clause and the conditional in the result: «si tuviera que acostar... no lo haría» = 'if I had to lie down... I would not do it'. The pattern «si» + «-ra» subjunctive, then «-ría» conditional, is the backbone of Spanish unreal conditions."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of digo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"digo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I tell"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of digo","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the compound conjunction para que (so that)","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the compound conjunction para que; introduces the clause of esté","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"esté","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to segura","gloss":"may be"},{"surface":"segura","lemma":"seguro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of esté","gloss":"sure"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of haría","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tuviera","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acostar","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"tuviera","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on haría","gloss":"I had"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the idiom tener que (had to), introduces acostar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"acostar","lemma":"acostar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of tuviera (tener que + infinitive = 'had to')","gloss":"go to bed"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking usted","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"oblique complement of acostar","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies haría","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of haría","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"haría","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of segura","gloss":"would do"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pantalones","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pantalones","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pantalones","lemma":"pantalón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of haría","gloss":"trousers"},{"surface":"puestos","lemma":"puesto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pantalones","gloss":"on"}]},{"number":41,"label":"23","id":"un-crimen-p23-s1","source":"Por un momento Hipólita tuvo miedo.","translation":"For a moment Hipólita was afraid.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p23-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tuvo miedo","title":"Preterite of «tener»","body":"«tuvo» is the irregular preterite of «tener». With «miedo» the idiom «tener miedo» ('to be afraid') becomes, in the preterite, the entry into a feeling: «tuvo miedo» = 'she became afraid', 'she grew afraid' for that one moment."}],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"For"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tuvo","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of tuvo","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"tuvo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was","note":"«Tener miedo» is an idiom meaning 'to be afraid' (literally 'to have fear')."},{"surface":"miedo","lemma":"miedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tuvo","gloss":"afraid"}]},{"number":42,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p23-s2","source":"Erdosain no hacía nada más que observarla con el rabillo del ojo, mientras que se restregaba las manos.","translation":"Erdosain did nothing but watch her out of the corner of his eye, while he rubbed his hands together.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p23-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"con el rabillo del ojo","title":"«el rabillo del ojo»","body":"«el rabillo del ojo» literally 'the little tail of the eye' is the fixed expression for 'the corner of the eye': «mirar con el rabillo del ojo» = 'to look out of the corner of one's eye', i.e. furtively, sideways."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of hacía","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hacía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hacía","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"nada","lemma":"nada","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hacía","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nada","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of observarla","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"observarla","lemma":"observar ella","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacía","gloss":"watch her"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rabillo","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rabillo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rabillo","lemma":"rabillo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of observarla","gloss":"corner","note":"«El rabillo del ojo» is an idiom meaning 'the corner of the eye' — watching without turning to look directly."},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ojo","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rabillo","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of restregaba","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the compound conjunction mientras que","gloss":"that","note":"Here «que» is just part of the conjunction «mientras que» ('while') and has no separate meaning of its own."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of restregaba","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"restregaba","lemma":"restregar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the mientras que clause","gloss":"rubbed"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of restregaba","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p23-s3","source":"Precavida, ella agregó:","translation":"Cautious, she added:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p23-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Precavida","lemma":"precavido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"secondary predicate describing ella","gloss":"Cautious"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of agregó","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"agregó","lemma":"agregar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"added"}]},{"number":44,"label":"24","id":"un-crimen-p24-s1","source":"–Debe haber pasado que usted estaba enfermo.","translation":"\"It must have happened that you were ill.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p24-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Debe haber pasado","title":"«deber» for probability","body":"«deber» plus an infinitive (here the perfect infinitive «haber pasado») expresses likelihood rather than obligation: «debe haber pasado» = 'it must have happened', 'it probably happened'. Spanish uses this to guess at a past cause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pasado","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"haber","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of pasado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"pasado","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estaba","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to enfermo","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"enfermo","lemma":"enfermo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estaba","gloss":"ill"}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p24-s2","source":"Como yo cuando era sirvienta.","translation":"Like me when I was a servant.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p24-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison (like me)","gloss":"Like"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"complement of Como (comparison)","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sirvienta","gloss":"I was"},{"surface":"sirvienta","lemma":"sirvienta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"servant"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p24-s3","source":"Se vive entre cielo y tierra...","translation":"One lives between heaven and earth...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p24-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se vive","title":"Impersonal «se»","body":"«se» plus a third-person singular verb makes a statement general and subjectless: «se vive» = 'one lives / people live'. There is no named subject — it is life as anyone experiences it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"impersonal particle of vive","gloss":"reflexive marker","note":"Impersonal «se» — «se vive» means 'one lives' / 'people live,' not a literal reflexive."},{"surface":"vive","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cielo","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vive","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with cielo","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":47,"label":"25","id":"un-crimen-p25-s1","source":"–Eso, entre cielo y tierra...","translation":"\"That's it, between heaven and earth...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p25-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"That's it"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"extends the exclamation Eso (elliptical)","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"cielo","lemma":"cielo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement continuing Eso","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with cielo","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":48,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p25-s2","source":"Precisamente eso.","translation":"Precisely that.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p25-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Precisamente","lemma":"precisamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies eso","gloss":"Precisely"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p25-s3","source":"Sí, me acuerdo de cuando me trataban de imbécil.","translation":"Yes, I remember when they used to call me an imbecile.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p25-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me acuerdo de","title":"Pronominal «acordarse de»","body":"«acordarse de» ('to remember') is pronominal and needs «de»: «me acuerdo de...» = 'I remember...'. «tratar de» here means 'to call / treat as', and the imperfect «trataban» marks it as a repeated, habitual past — 'they kept calling me'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acuerdo","gloss":"(reflexive)","note":"«Acordarse de» means 'to remember'; «me» is not translated separately."},{"surface":"acuerdo","lemma":"acordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remember"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of trataban","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trataban","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of trataban","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"trataban","lemma":"tratar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of acuerdo","gloss":"used to call"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking imbécil","gloss":"as","note":"«Tratar de» + a noun means 'to call/label someone as' something."},{"surface":"imbécil","lemma":"imbécil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"oblique complement of trataban","gloss":"imbecile"}]},{"number":50,"label":"26","id":"un-crimen-p26-s1","source":"–¿También?...","translation":"\"That too?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p26-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"También","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Also"}]},{"number":51,"label":"27","id":"un-crimen-p27-s1","source":"–Sí, en mi cara... yo quedaba mirándolo al que me había injuriado, y mientras todos los músculos se me relajaban en una flojedad inmensa, me preguntaba qué es lo que había hecho, no sé en qué tiempo, para soportar tantas humillaciones y cobardías.","translation":"\"Yes, to my face... I would stand staring at whoever had insulted me, and while all my muscles went slack in an immense weakness, I asked myself what I had done, I don't know in what age, to endure so many humiliations and cowardices.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p27-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quedaba mirándolo","title":"«quedar» + gerund","body":"«quedar» plus a gerund means to remain doing something, to be left in that act: «quedaba mirándolo» = 'I would stay staring at him'. The imperfect «quedaba» makes it habitual. «se me relajaban» adds an ethical «me» — the muscles went slack 'on me', a thing happening to me."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cara","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cara","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"cara","lemma":"cara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"elliptical phrase, trails off after Sí","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of quedaba","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"quedaba","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would stand"},{"surface":"mirándolo","lemma":"mirar él","morphology":"verb, gerund, + enclitic direct object lo","role":"gerund complement of quedaba (quedar + gerundio = kept doing)","gloss":"staring at him"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que (al que = the one who)","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of injuriado","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of injuriado","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of injuriado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"injuriado","lemma":"injuriar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause modifying lo (via al que)","gloss":"insulted"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mientras","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of relajaban","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"todos","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies músculos","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of músculos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"músculos","lemma":"músculo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of relajaban","gloss":"muscles"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of relajaban (relajarse = to go slack)","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"dative of interest, modifies relajaban (my)","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"relajaban","lemma":"relajar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on preguntaba","gloss":"went slack"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flojedad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of flojedad","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"flojedad","lemma":"flojedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of relajaban","gloss":"weakness"},{"surface":"inmensa","lemma":"inmenso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies flojedad","gloss":"immense"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of preguntaba","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"preguntaba","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with quedaba","gloss":"I asked"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of preguntaba","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"part of the relative phrase lo que (predicate complement of es)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of the relative phrase lo que; direct object of hecho","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hecho","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause lo que (predicate complement of es)","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"parenthetical clause, interrupts the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tiempo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sé","gloss":"age"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the purpose clause, modifies hecho","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"soportar","lemma":"soportar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose infinitive, modifies hecho (para soportar = to endure)","gloss":"endure"},{"surface":"tantas","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of humillaciones","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"humillaciones","lemma":"humillación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of soportar","gloss":"humiliations"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cobardías","lemma":"cobardía","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with humillaciones","gloss":"cowardices"}]},{"number":52,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p27-s2","source":"Sufrí mucho... tanto... que más de una vez me sentí tentado a irme a ofrecer como criado en alguna casa rica...","translation":"I suffered so much... so much... that more than once I felt tempted to go and offer myself as a servant in some rich house...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p27-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tanto... que","title":"«tan / tanto... que» (result)","body":"«tanto... que» means 'so much... that', linking a degree to its consequence: «sufrí tanto... que me sentí tentado» = 'I suffered so much that I felt tempted'. The stacked infinitives «irme a ofrecer» ('to go and offer myself') chain the verbs of motion and intention."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sufrí","lemma":"sufrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I suffered"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Sufrí","gloss":"a lot"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Sufrí","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sentí (tanto...que = so much that)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom más de una vez (more than once)","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vez","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vez","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"vez","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the idiom más de una vez, modifies sentí","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sentí","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"sentí","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause of result, modifies Sufrí (tanto...que)","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"tentado","lemma":"tentado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sentí","gloss":"tempted"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of irme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"irme","lemma":"ir yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tentado","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ofrecer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ofrecer","lemma":"ofrecer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of irme","gloss":"offer myself"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the predicate criado (as)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"criado","lemma":"criado","morphology":"noun (nominalized participle), masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement introduced by como","gloss":"servant"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"alguna","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of casa","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of criado","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"rica","lemma":"rico","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies casa","gloss":"rich"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p27-s3","source":"¿Podía acaso tragar más vergüenza?","translation":"Could I possibly swallow any more shame?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p27-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"acaso","title":"«acaso» in a question","body":"In a question «acaso» means 'perhaps / by any chance' and often turns it rhetorical, expecting the answer 'no': «¿Podía acaso tragar más vergüenza?» = 'Could I possibly have swallowed any more shame?' — meaning he could not."}],"words":[{"surface":"Podía","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tragar","gloss":"Could I"},{"surface":"acaso","lemma":"acaso","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tragar","gloss":"possibly"},{"surface":"tragar","lemma":"tragar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swallow"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vergüenza","gloss":"any more"},{"surface":"vergüenza","lemma":"vergüenza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tragar","gloss":"shame"}]},{"number":54,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p27-s4","source":"Entonces sentí el terror, un espantoso miedo de no tener un objeto noble en mi vida, un sueño grande, y por fin ahora lo he encontrado... he condenado a muerte a un hombre...","translation":"Then I felt the terror, a frightful fear of having no noble object in my life, a great dream, and at last now I have found it... I have condemned a man to death...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p27-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"he condenado a muerte","title":"«condenar a muerte»","body":"«condenar a muerte» is the set phrase 'to condemn to death / sentence to death'. The present perfect «he condenado» presents it as a deed already accomplished and still in force — the casual horror of the line is the whole turn of the scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentí","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"sentí","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I felt"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of terror","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terror","lemma":"terror","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sentí","gloss":"terror"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of miedo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"espantoso","lemma":"espantoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies miedo","gloss":"frightful"},{"surface":"miedo","lemma":"miedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to terror","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tener","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tener","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying miedo","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of objeto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"objeto","lemma":"objeto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"object"},{"surface":"noble","lemma":"noble","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies objeto","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tener","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sueño","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sueño","lemma":"sueño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to terror","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies sueño","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom por fin (at last)","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom por fin (at last)","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encontrado","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of encontrado","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of encontrado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"encontrado","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with sentí","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of condenado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"condenado","lemma":"condenar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the final clause","gloss":"condemned"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom a muerte (to death), modifies condenado","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"muerte","lemma":"muerte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the idiom a muerte (to death)","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre (personal a)","gloss":"(marks object)","note":"This is the personal 'a,' required before a direct object naming a specific person; it has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of condenado","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":55,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p27-s5","source":"Quédese ahí sentada...","translation":"Stay sitting there...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p27-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quédese","title":"«usted» command of «quedarse»","body":"«Quédese» is the affirmative «usted» command of «quedarse» ('to stay'), with the reflexive «se» attached to the end. The «-e» ending (instead of «-a») is the formal-command marker for an «-ar» verb. «sentada» agrees in feminine — 'seated'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quédese","lemma":"quedar él","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Stay","note":"«Quédese» is the formal (usted) imperative of quedarse, 'stay.'"},{"surface":"ahí","lemma":"ahí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Quédese","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sentada","lemma":"sentado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"secondary predicate describing the subject (usted)","gloss":"sitting"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p27-s6","source":"Mañana, porque yo no me opongo, un hombre va a ser asesinado.","translation":"Tomorrow, because I do not stand in the way, a man is going to be murdered.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p27-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"va a ser asesinado","title":"Future passive «ir a ser» + participle","body":"«ir a» plus an infinitive is the near future ('going to'), and here the infinitive is itself a passive «ser asesinado» ('to be murdered'). Stacked, «va a ser asesinado» = 'is going to be murdered'. «oponerse» ('to oppose / stand in the way') is pronominal: «no me opongo»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies asesinado","gloss":"Tomorrow"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of opongo","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of opongo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies opongo","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of opongo","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"opongo","lemma":"oponer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on asesinado","gloss":"stand in the way","note":"«Oponerse» literally means 'to oppose/object'; rendered idiomatically here as 'stand in the way.'"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of asesinado","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of asesinado","gloss":"is going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of asesinado","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of asesinado","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"asesinado","lemma":"asesinar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"murdered"}]},{"number":57,"label":"28","id":"un-crimen-p28-s1","source":"–¡No es posible!","translation":"\"It can't be!\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p28-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies posible","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to posible","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"posible","lemma":"posible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"possible"}]},{"number":58,"label":"29","id":"un-crimen-p29-s1","source":"–Sí, es cierto.","translation":"\"Yes, it's true.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p29-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cierto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"true"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p29-s2","source":"El hombre de la mentira, el hombre del que le hablé antes, necesitaba dinero para realizar su proyecto.","translation":"The man of the lie, the man I told you about before, needed money to carry out his project.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p29-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"del que le hablé","title":"Preposition + «el que»","body":"When a relative clause needs a preposition, Spanish puts it before «el que / la que»: «el hombre del que le hablé» = 'the man about whom I spoke to you' (the preposition «de» + «el» fusing to «del»). English can drop the relative; Spanish keeps the preposition attached up front."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of necesitaba","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mentira","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mentira","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mentira","lemma":"mentira","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to hombre","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of the relative phrase del que (oblique complement of hablé)","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hablé","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hablé","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablé","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"necesitaba","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"needed"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of necesitaba","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of realizar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"realizar","lemma":"realizar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying dinero","gloss":"carry out"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of proyecto","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"proyecto","lemma":"proyecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of realizar","gloss":"project"}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p29-s3","source":"Así se realizará, porque yo quiero que suceda.","translation":"So it will come about, because I want it to happen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p29-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quiero que suceda","title":"«querer que» + subjunctive","body":"When you want someone or something else to do something, «querer que» takes the subjunctive: «quiero que suceda» = 'I want it to happen'. «suceda» is the present subjunctive of «suceder». Spanish cannot say 'I want it to happen' with an infinitive when the subjects differ."}],"words":[{"surface":"Así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies realizará","gloss":"So"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"passive particle of realizará","gloss":"reflexive marker","note":"Passive «se» — «se realizará» means 'it will come about' / 'will be brought about,' not a literal reflexive."},{"surface":"realizará","lemma":"realizar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will come about"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of quiero","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of quiero","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on realizará","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of suceda","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"suceda","lemma":"suceder","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of quiero","gloss":"happen"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p29-s4","source":"Mañana me entregará un cheque para cobrar.","translation":"Tomorrow he will hand me a check to cash.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p29-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"para cobrar","title":"«cobrar» = to cash / collect","body":"«cobrar» means to collect or cash money owed — a check, a wage, a debt. «un cheque para cobrar» = 'a check to cash'. It is the same verb behind Erdosain's day job as a bill collector earlier in the novel."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies entregará","gloss":"Tomorrow"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of entregará","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"entregará","lemma":"entregar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will hand"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cheque","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cheque","lemma":"cheque","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of entregará","gloss":"check"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cobrar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cobrar","lemma":"cobrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying cheque","gloss":"cash"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p29-s5","source":"Cuando yo vuelva será ejecutado.","translation":"When I come back he will be executed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p29-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Cuando yo vuelva","title":"«cuando» + subjunctive for the future","body":"When «cuando» points to an unrealized future event, Spanish uses the present subjunctive, not the future: «cuando yo vuelva» = 'when I come back'. The main clause keeps the future («será ejecutado»). English uses the present in the 'when' clause too, but indicative."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vuelva","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of vuelva","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vuelva","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on ejecutado","gloss":"come back"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ejecutado","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ejecutado","lemma":"ejecutar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"executed"}]},{"number":63,"label":"30","id":"un-crimen-p30-s1","source":"–No... no es posible.","translation":"\"No... it can't be.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p30-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"stands alone as an exclamation","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to posible","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"posible","lemma":"posible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"possible"}]},{"number":64,"label":"31","id":"un-crimen-p31-s1","source":"–Si, y si no vuelvo no lo asesinarían, porque sin el dinero el crimen es inútil... son quince mil pesos... yo puedo escaparme con ellos... la sociedad se va al diablo... el hombre se salva.","translation":"\"Yes, and if I don't come back they wouldn't murder him, because without the money the crime is useless... it's fifteen thousand pesos... I can run off with them... the society goes to the devil... the man is saved.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p31-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"se va al diablo","title":"«irse al diablo»","body":"«irse al diablo» literally 'to go to the devil' is an idiom for falling apart, going to ruin, going to hell: «la sociedad se va al diablo» = 'the secret society falls apart'. «escaparse» ('to escape / run off') and «salvarse» ('to be saved') are both pronominal here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"stands alone as an affirmative response","gloss":"Yes","note":"Here 'Si' is the affirmative 'sí' (yes), not the conditional 'si' (if) that follows two words later."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vuelvo","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vuelvo","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"vuelvo","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on asesinarían","gloss":"come back"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies asesinarían","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of asesinarían","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"asesinarían","lemma":"asesinar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would murder"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of inútil","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dinero","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of inútil","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crimen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of inútil","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to inútil","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"inútil","lemma":"inútil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"adverbial clause on asesinarían","gloss":"useless"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to pesos","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"quince","lemma":"quince","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"fifteen"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of son","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of escaparme","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"puedo","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of escaparme","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"escaparme","lemma":"escapar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"run off"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ellos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of escaparme","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sociedad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sociedad","lemma":"sociedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of va","gloss":"society"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of va","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes","note":"Idiom: irse al diablo = to go to ruin/to hell."},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diablo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"diablo","lemma":"diablo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of va","gloss":"devil"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of salva","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"direct object of salva","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"salva","lemma":"salvar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is saved"}]},{"number":65,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p31-s2","source":"¿Se da cuenta usted?","translation":"Do you realize?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p31-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se da cuenta","title":"«darse cuenta (de)»","body":"«darse cuenta (de)» is the pronominal idiom for 'to realize / to notice': «¿Se da cuenta usted?» = 'Do you realize?'. Do not confuse it with «dar cuenta de» ('to account for'); the reflexive «se» is what makes it 'to realize'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of da","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give","note":"Idiom: darse cuenta (de algo) = to realize, to notice."},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with da","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of da","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":66,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p31-s3","source":"De mi honradez criminal depende todo.","translation":"Everything depends on my criminal honesty.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p31-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"De mi honradez... depende todo","title":"«depender de» and fronting","body":"«depender de» means 'to depend on'. Arlt fronts the prepositional phrase «de mi honradez criminal» for emphasis, leaving the subject «todo» ('everything') at the end: 'on my criminal honesty everything depends'. Spanish moves phrases freely for stress."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honradez","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of honradez","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"honradez","lemma":"honradez","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of depende","gloss":"honesty"},{"surface":"criminal","lemma":"criminal","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies honradez","gloss":"criminal"},{"surface":"depende","lemma":"depender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"depends"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of depende","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":67,"label":"32","id":"un-crimen-p32-s1","source":"–¡Dios mío!","translation":"\"My God!\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p32-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"mío","lemma":"mío","morphology":"possessive pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Dios","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":68,"label":"33","id":"un-crimen-p33-s1","source":"–Quiero que se haga el experimento...","translation":"\"I want the experiment to be carried out...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p33-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que se haga el experimento","title":"Passive «se» in a subjunctive clause","body":"After «quiero que» the verb goes to the subjunctive («haga»), and the «se» makes it passive with no named doer: «que se haga el experimento» = 'that the experiment be carried out'. Two structures stack: the wanting triggers subjunctive, the «se» hides the agent."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I want"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of haga","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of haga","gloss":"itself","note":"Passive/impersonal se: se haga = that [it] be done."},{"surface":"haga","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Quiero","gloss":"be carried out"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of experimento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"experimento","lemma":"experimento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of haga","gloss":"experiment"}]},{"number":69,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p33-s2","source":"Usted comprende, ciertas determinaciones lo convierten a uno en un dios.","translation":"You understand, certain resolutions turn one into a god.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p33-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lo convierten a uno","title":"Impersonal «uno»","body":"«uno» ('one') is an impersonal subject/object standing in for people in general: «lo convierten a uno en un dios» = 'they turn one into a god'. The doubled «lo... a uno» is the object. «convertir en» = 'to turn into'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of comprende","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"comprende","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"ciertas","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of determinaciones","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"determinaciones","lemma":"determinación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of convierten","gloss":"resolutions"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of convierten","gloss":"one","note":"Clitic doubling: lo and a uno refer to the same generic 'one'."},{"surface":"convierten","lemma":"convertir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uno","gloss":"to","note":"Personal a marking uno as the human/generic direct object; not translated separately."},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of convierten","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dios","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dios","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dios","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of convierten","gloss":"god"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p33-s3","source":"Desde hace mucho tiempo estoy resuelto a matarme.","translation":"For a long time now I have been resolved to kill myself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p33-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Desde hace mucho tiempo","title":"«desde hace» + present","body":"«desde hace» plus a time span, with the verb in the present, expresses something ongoing from the past into now: «desde hace mucho tiempo estoy resuelto» = 'for a long time I have been resolved'. Spanish keeps the present where English uses the perfect."}],"words":[{"surface":"Desde","lemma":"desde","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hace","gloss":"for","note":"Idiom: desde hace + [time] = for [time] now."},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on resuelto","gloss":"has passed"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hace","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to resuelto","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"resuelto","lemma":"resuelto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"resolved"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of matarme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"matarme","lemma":"matar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on resuelto","gloss":"kill myself"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p33-s4","source":"Si antes, cuando le dije, usted hubiera asentido, yo me mataba.","translation":"If earlier, when I told you, you had agreed, I would have killed myself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p33-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si usted hubiera asentido, yo me mataba","title":"Past unreal condition (colloquial)","body":"The 'if' clause uses the pluperfect subjunctive «hubiera asentido» ('had agreed'), a contrary-to-fact past. In strict grammar the result would be the conditional perfect, but in speech Arlt uses the plain imperfect «me mataba» for 'I would have killed myself' — a very natural porteño shortcut."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of asentido","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies asentido","gloss":"earlier"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dije","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dije","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dije","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on asentido","gloss":"I told"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of asentido","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hubiera","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of asentido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"asentido","lemma":"asentir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on mataba","gloss":"agreed"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of mataba","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of mataba","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"mataba","lemma":"matar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would kill"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p33-s5","source":"¡Si supiera lo hermoso y grande que me siento!","translation":"If you only knew how beautiful and great I feel!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p33-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¡Si supiera...!","title":"«¡Si + imperfect subjunctive!»","body":"An exclamation opening with «¡Si...!» plus the imperfect subjunctive expresses a wish or a 'if only you knew': «¡Si supiera...!» = 'If you only knew...!'. «lo... que» wraps the adjectives — «lo hermoso y grande que me siento» = 'how beautiful and great I feel'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of supiera","gloss":"If only"},{"surface":"supiera","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"article, neuter","role":"determiner of hermoso","gloss":"how","note":"lo + adjective + que is an exclamatory construction: 'lo hermoso...que' = 'how beautiful...'"},{"surface":"hermoso","lemma":"hermoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of siento","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with hermoso","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"correlative with lo, introduces the exclamatory clause","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of siento","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"siento","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feel"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p33-s6","source":"No me hable más del otro... ya está resuelto, hasta me alegra pensar en el pozo que me hundo.","translation":"Don't speak to me any more about the other one... it's already settled, it even gladdens me to think of the pit I'm sinking into.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p33-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"No me hable más","title":"Negative «usted» command + pronoun","body":"In a negative command the object pronoun comes before the verb: «no me hable» = 'don't speak to me' (contrast the affirmative «hábleme»). «me alegra» uses «alegrar» like «gustar» — 'it gladdens me' — with the experiencer as indirect object."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hable","gloss":"Don't"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of hable","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"hable","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hable","gloss":"anymore"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"about the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hable","gloss":"other one"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies resuelto","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to resuelto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"resuelto","lemma":"resuelto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies alegra","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of alegra","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"alegra","lemma":"alegrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gladdens"},{"surface":"pensar","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject clause of alegra","gloss":"to think"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pozo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pozo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pozo","lemma":"pozo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pensar","gloss":"pit"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun referring to pozo, complement of hundo","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of hundo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"hundo","lemma":"hundir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"relative clause on pozo","gloss":"I sink"}]},{"number":74,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p33-s7","source":"¡Se da cuenta usted!...","translation":"Do you realize!...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p33-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of da","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"give","note":"Idiom: darse cuenta (de algo) = to realize, to notice."},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with da","gloss":"account"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of da","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p33-s8","source":"Y cualquier día... no, de día no será... cualquier noche, cuando esté harto de tanta farsa e incoherencia, me iré.","translation":"And any day... no, it won't be by day... any night, when I'm fed up with so much farce and incoherence, I'll go.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p33-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"esté harto de","title":"«estar harto de»","body":"«estar harto de» means 'to be fed up with / sick of': «cuando esté harto» = 'when I'm fed up'. The subjunctive «esté» follows «cuando» pointing to the future. The conjunction «e» replaces «y» before a word starting in «i»: «farsa e incoherencia»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies será","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"cualquier","lemma":"cualquiera","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Y","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"stands alone as an exclamation","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking día","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of será","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies será","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"será","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"cualquier","lemma":"cualquiera","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of iré","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of harto","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"esté","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to harto","gloss":"I'm"},{"surface":"harto","lemma":"harto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on iré","gloss":"fed up"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking farsa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"tanta","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of farsa","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"farsa","lemma":"farsa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of harto","gloss":"farce"},{"surface":"e","lemma":"e","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"incoherencia","lemma":"incoherencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with farsa","gloss":"incoherence"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of iré","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"iré","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I'll go"}]},{"number":76,"label":"34","id":"un-crimen-p34-s1","source":"Una arruga se bifurcó en la frente de Hipólita.","translation":"A wrinkle forked across Hipólita's brow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p34-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of arruga","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"arruga","lemma":"arruga","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of bifurcó","gloss":"wrinkle"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of bifurcó","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"bifurcó","lemma":"bifurcar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forked"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frente","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of bifurcó","gloss":"brow"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hipólita","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies frente","gloss":"Hipólita"}]},{"number":77,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p34-s2","source":"No cabía duda.","translation":"There was no doubt.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p34-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"No cabía duda","title":"«no cabe duda»","body":"«no cabe duda» literally 'no doubt fits' is the idiom for 'there is no doubt'. In the imperfect, «no cabía duda» = 'there was no doubt'. «caber» ('to fit') here means there is no room for doubt at all."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cabía","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"cabía","lemma":"caber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was","note":"Idiom: no caber duda = there is no room for doubt."},{"surface":"duda","lemma":"duda","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cabía","gloss":"doubt"}]},{"number":78,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p34-s3","source":"Aquel hombre estaba loco.","translation":"That man was mad.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p34-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aquel","lemma":"aquel","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of loco","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to loco","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mad"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p34-s4","source":"Su alma aventurera previo acontecimientos futuros, y se dijo: «Con este imbécil es necesario proceder prudentemente».","translation":"Her adventurous soul foresaw events to come, and she said to herself: \"With this imbecile one must proceed cautiously.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p34-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"es necesario proceder","title":"«es necesario» + infinitive","body":"An impersonal judgment like «es necesario» ('it is necessary') takes a bare infinitive when no specific subject is named: «es necesario proceder prudentemente» = 'one must proceed cautiously'. «previó» is the preterite of «prever» ('to foresee')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"Her"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of previó","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"aventurera","lemma":"aventurero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"adventurous"},{"surface":"previo","lemma":"prever","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"foresaw","note":"previo here is 'previó' (foresaw, from prever) with the accent dropped in the source text, not the adjective 'previous.'"},{"surface":"acontecimientos","lemma":"acontecimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of previó","gloss":"events"},{"surface":"futuros","lemma":"futuro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies acontecimientos","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"to herself"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with previó","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking imbécil","gloss":"With"},{"surface":"este","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of imbécil","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"imbécil","lemma":"imbécil","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"oblique complement of proceder","gloss":"imbecile"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to necesario","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"necesario","lemma":"necesario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"proceder","lemma":"proceder","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject clause of necesario","gloss":"to proceed"},{"surface":"prudentemente","lemma":"prudentemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies proceder","gloss":"cautiously"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p34-s5","source":"Y cruzando los brazos sobre el tapado, preguntó, como si lo dudara:","translation":"And crossing her arms over her coat, she asked, as if she doubted it:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p34-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"el tapado","title":"«tapado» = (woman's) coat","body":"In Rioplatense Spanish «el tapado» is a woman's overcoat. Elsewhere «abrigo» is more usual; «tapado» (from «tapar», 'to cover') is the porteño word. «como si lo dudara» again pairs «como si» with the imperfect subjunctive for 'as if'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies preguntó","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"cruzando","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on preguntó","gloss":"crossing"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"her","note":"Spanish uses the definite article, not a possessive, with body parts: los brazos = 'her arms' here."},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of cruzando","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tapado","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tapado","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"tapado","lemma":"tapado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cruzando","gloss":"coat"},{"surface":"preguntó","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dudara","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dudara","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dudara","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dudara","lemma":"dudar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on preguntó","gloss":"doubted"}]},{"number":81,"label":"35","id":"un-crimen-p35-s1","source":"–¿Usted tendría coraje de matarse?","translation":"\"Would you have the courage to kill yourself?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p35-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tendría coraje","title":"Conditional «tendría»","body":"«tendría» is the conditional of «tener», 'would have'. The conditional softens the question into a hypothesis: «¿tendría coraje?» = 'would you have the courage?'. «matarse» ('to kill oneself') is the reflexive of «matar»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of tendría","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tendría","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"coraje","lemma":"coraje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tendría","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of matarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"matarse","lemma":"matar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying coraje","gloss":"kill yourself"}]},{"number":82,"label":"36","id":"un-crimen-p36-s1","source":"–No es lo que usted dice.","translation":"\"It is not what you say.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p36-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of dice","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of dice","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dice","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying lo","gloss":"say"}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p36-s2","source":"Ya no hay coraje ni cobardía.","translation":"There is no longer courage or cowardice.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p36-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ya no hay... ni","title":"«ya no» and «ni»","body":"«ya no» means 'no longer / not any more': «ya no hay» = 'there is no longer'. The single «ni» after a negated verb extends the negation to the next noun: «no hay coraje ni cobardía» = 'there is no courage or cowardice'. This is not a double «ni... ni» construction — only one «ni» appears."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"coraje","lemma":"coraje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"cobardía","lemma":"cobardía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with coraje","gloss":"cowardice"}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p36-s3","source":"Desde muy adentro tengo la sensación de que suicidarse es como irse a sacar una muela.","translation":"From deep within I have the feeling that killing oneself is like going to have a tooth pulled.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p36-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"suicidarse / sacar una muela","title":"Two pronominal verbs","body":"«suicidarse» ('to commit suicide') is inherently pronominal — it exists only with the reflexive. «sacar una muela» means 'to pull/extract a molar', so «irse a sacar una muela» = 'to go and have a tooth pulled'. The chilling comparison is Erdosain's whole point."}],"words":[{"surface":"Desde","lemma":"desde","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking adentro","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies adentro","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"adentro","lemma":"adentro","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique complement of tengo","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"tengo","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sensación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sensación","lemma":"sensación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tengo","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of suicidarse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of suicidarse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"suicidarse","lemma":"suicidar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of es","gloss":"killing oneself"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to irse","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of irse","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"irse","lemma":"ir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"predicate complement of es, via como","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sacar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sacar","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of irse","gloss":"pull"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of muela","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"muela","lemma":"muela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of sacar","gloss":"tooth"}]},{"number":85,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p36-s4","source":"Cuando pienso así, todo descansa en mí.","translation":"When I think this way, everything rests within me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p36-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pienso","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"pienso","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on descansa","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pienso","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of descansa","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"descansa","lemma":"descansar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rests"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, singular","role":"oblique complement of descansa","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p36-s5","source":"Cierto es que yo había pensado en otros viajes y en otras tierras, en otra vida.","translation":"True, I had thought of other journeys and other lands, of another life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p36-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"True"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pensado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of pensado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pensado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"pensado","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"subject clause of es","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viajes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"otros","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of viajes","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"viajes","lemma":"viaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pensado","gloss":"journeys"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierras","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"otras","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of tierras","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"tierras","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with viajes","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pensado","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p36-s6","source":"Hay algo en mí que desea todo lo delicado y hermoso.","translation":"There is something in me that desires everything delicate and beautiful.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p36-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"todo lo delicado y hermoso","title":"«lo» + adjective","body":"Neuter «lo» before an adjective turns it into an abstract noun: «lo delicado y hermoso» = 'that which is delicate and beautiful', 'all that is delicate and beautiful'. There is no single noun — «lo» abstracts the quality itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"There is"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of Hay","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, singular","role":"oblique complement of Hay","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of desea","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"desea","lemma":"desear","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on algo","gloss":"desires"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"quantifies delicado","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"article, neuter","role":"determiner of delicado","gloss":"what is"},{"surface":"delicado","lemma":"delicado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of desea","gloss":"delicate"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hermoso","lemma":"hermoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with delicado","gloss":"beautiful"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p36-s7","source":"Muchas veces pensé que sí... pongamos esos quince mil pesos que voy a cobrar mañana... podría irme a las Filipinas... al Ecuador a recomenzar mi vida, casarme con alguna doncella millonaria y delicada... estaríamos durante las siestas acostados en una hamaca, bajo los cocoteros, mientas que los negros nos ofrecerían naranjas partidas.","translation":"Many times I thought yes... let's say those fifteen thousand pesos I'm going to collect tomorrow... I could go off to the Philippines... to Ecuador to begin my life over, marry some delicate millionaire maiden... during the siestas we'd be lying in a hammock, under the coconut palms, while the black men offered us halved oranges.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p36-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"pongamos esos quince mil pesos","title":"«pongamos» = let's say","body":"«pongamos» is the «nosotros» command (and present subjunctive) of «poner», used idiomatically for 'let's say / suppose': «pongamos esos quince mil pesos» = 'say those fifteen thousand pesos'. It launches a hypothesis, which the following conditionals («podría», «estaríamos», «ofrecerían») then spin out."}],"words":[{"surface":"Muchas","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pensé","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"pensé","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I thought"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sí","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb, affirmative","role":"predicate complement of pensé (que sí = that yes)","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"pongamos","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"parenthetical hortatory verb (let's say)","gloss":"let's say"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pesos","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"quince","lemma":"quince","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"fifteen"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with quince","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of pongamos","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of cobrar","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of cobrar","gloss":"I'm going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cobrar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"cobrar","lemma":"cobrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying pesos","gloss":"collect"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cobrar","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"podría","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of irme","gloss":"I could"},{"surface":"irme","lemma":"ir yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the clause with podría","gloss":"go off"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Filipinas","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of Filipinas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Filipinas","lemma":"Filipinas","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of irme","gloss":"Philippines"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ecuador","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ecuador","lemma":"Ecuador","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of irme","gloss":"Ecuador"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of recomenzar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"recomenzar","lemma":"recomenzar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on irme","gloss":"begin again"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of recomenzar","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"casarme","lemma":"casar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with recomenzar","gloss":"marry"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking doncella","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"alguna","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of doncella","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"doncella","lemma":"doncella","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of casarme","gloss":"maiden"},{"surface":"millonaria","lemma":"millonario","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies doncella","gloss":"millionaire"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"delicada","lemma":"delicado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with millonaria","gloss":"delicate"},{"surface":"estaríamos","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to acostados","gloss":"we would be"},{"surface":"durante","lemma":"durante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siestas","gloss":"during"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of siestas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"siestas","lemma":"siesta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of estaríamos","gloss":"siestas"},{"surface":"acostados","lemma":"acostado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of estaríamos","gloss":"lying down"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hamaca","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of hamaca","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hamaca","lemma":"hamaca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of acostados","gloss":"hammock"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cocoteros","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cocoteros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cocoteros","lemma":"cocotero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of acostados","gloss":"coconut palms"},{"surface":"mientas","lemma":"mientras","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ofrecerían","gloss":"while","note":"Colloquial Rioplatense contraction of \"mientras\" (dropping the r), not a separate word."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"completes the conjunction mientas que","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of negros","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"negros","lemma":"negro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of ofrecerían","gloss":"black men"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"nosotros","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of ofrecerían","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ofrecerían","lemma":"ofrecer","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the mientas-que clause","gloss":"would offer"},{"surface":"naranjas","lemma":"naranja","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of ofrecerían","gloss":"oranges"},{"surface":"partidas","lemma":"partido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies naranjas","gloss":"halved"}]},{"number":89,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p36-s8","source":"Y yo miraría tristemente el mar...","translation":"And I would gaze sadly at the sea...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p36-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous sentence","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of miraría","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"miraría","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would gaze"},{"surface":"tristemente","lemma":"tristemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies miraría","gloss":"sadly"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mar","lemma":"mar","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"direct object of miraría","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p36-s9","source":"¿y sabe?... esta certidumbre que me dice que adonde vaya miraré tristemente el mar... esta seguridad de que ya nunca más seré dichoso... al comienzo me enloqueció... y ahora me he resignado.","translation":"and you know?... this certainty that tells me that wherever I go I will gaze sadly at the sea... this assurance that never again will I be happy... at first it drove me mad... and now I have resigned myself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p36-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"adonde vaya","title":"«adonde» + subjunctive (whatever / wherever)","body":"A relative of place pointing to an undetermined future takes the subjunctive: «adonde vaya» = 'wherever I (may) go'. «vaya» is the present subjunctive of «ir». «resignarse» ('to resign oneself') is pronominal: «me he resignado» = 'I have resigned myself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (usted, addressed as \"you\")","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of certidumbre","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"certidumbre","lemma":"certidumbre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of enloqueció","gloss":"certainty"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of dice","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dice","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"dice","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying certidumbre","gloss":"tells"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of miraré","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"adonde","lemma":"adonde","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vaya","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"vaya","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the adonde clause","gloss":"I go"},{"surface":"miraré","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of dice","gloss":"I will gaze"},{"surface":"tristemente","lemma":"tristemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies miraré","gloss":"sadly"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mar","lemma":"mar","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"direct object of miraré","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of seguridad","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"seguridad","lemma":"seguridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to certidumbre","gloss":"assurance"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the complement clause of seguridad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dichoso","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase ya nunca más","gloss":"anymore"},{"surface":"nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dichoso","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dichoso","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"seré","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to dichoso","gloss":"I will be"},{"surface":"dichoso","lemma":"dichoso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of seré","gloss":"happy"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking comienzo","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"comienzo","lemma":"comienzo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of enloqueció","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of enloqueció","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"enloqueció","lemma":"enloquecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drove mad"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies resignado","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of resignado","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of resignado","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"resignado","lemma":"resignar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the final clause, coordinated with enloqueció","gloss":"resigned"}]},{"number":91,"label":"37","id":"un-crimen-p37-s1","source":"–¿Entonces para qué va a hacer el experimento?","translation":"\"Then what are you going to do the experiment for?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p37-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"¿para qué?","title":"«por qué» vs. «para qué»","body":"«¿para qué?» asks 'what for / to what end?' (purpose), while «¿por qué?» asks 'why?' (cause). Hipólita wants his aim: «¿para qué va a hacer el experimento?» = 'what are you going to do the experiment for?'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hacer","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of hacer","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hacer","gloss":"are you going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of experimento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"experimento","lemma":"experimento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"experiment"}]},{"number":92,"label":"38","id":"un-crimen-p38-s1","source":"–¿Sabe?... todavía no he llegado al fondo de mí mismo... pero el crimen es mi última esperanza... y el Astrólogo lo sabe, porque cuando hoy le pregunté si no temía que me escapara, me contestó: «No, por el momento, no...","translation":"\"You know?... I still have not reached the bottom of myself... but the crime is my last hope... and the Astrologer knows it, because when I asked him today whether he wasn't afraid I might run off, he answered me: 'No, not for the moment, no...'\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p38-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"temía que me escapara","title":"Subjunctive after a verb of fear","body":"Verbs of fearing take the subjunctive in the «que» clause; in a past frame the imperfect subjunctive is used: «temía que me escapara» = 'he feared that I might run off'. «el Astrólogo» (the Astrologer) is the cult leader who pulls the strings of the conspiracy."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the opening question (usted)","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"todavía","lemma":"todavía","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegado","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of llegado","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"llegado","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fondo","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"fondo","lemma":"fondo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of llegado","gloss":"bottom"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"oblique complement of fondo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"mismo","lemma":"mismo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mí","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crimen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"crimen","lemma":"crimen","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"crime"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to esperanza","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esperanza","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"última","lemma":"último","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies esperanza","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"esperanza","lemma":"esperanza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Astrólogo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Astrólogo","lemma":"Astrólogo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"Astrologer"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sabe","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause, coordinated with es","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of contestó","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pregunté","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"hoy","lemma":"hoy","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pregunté","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of pregunté","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"pregunté","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on contestó","gloss":"I asked"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of temía","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies temía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"temía","lemma":"temer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of pregunté","gloss":"he feared"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of escapara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of escapara","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"escapara","lemma":"escapar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of temía","gloss":"run off"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of contestó","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"contestó","lemma":"contestar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the porque clause","gloss":"he answered"},{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the quoted reply","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement within the quoted reply","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"repeated negation, echoes No","gloss":"no"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p38-s2","source":"Usted más que nadie necesita que esto resulte para desangustiarse...»","translation":"You more than anyone need this to work out in order to ease your anguish...'","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p38-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"desangustiarse","title":"«des-» + «angustia»","body":"«desangustiarse» is built from «angustia» ('anguish, dread') with the prefix «des-» (undoing) and the reflexive: 'to free oneself of anguish'. «angustia» is the keynote of the whole novel — Erdosain's bottomless dread — so this coined verb means 'to un-anguish himself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of necesita","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies necesita","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"comparative particle with más","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"nadie","lemma":"nadie","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of comparison (más...que)","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"necesita","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of resulte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of resulte","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"resulte","lemma":"resultar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of necesita","gloss":"work out"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of desangustiarse","gloss":"in order to"},{"surface":"desangustiarse","lemma":"desangustiar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on resulte","gloss":"ease anguish"}]},{"number":94,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p38-s3","source":"Ya ve usted hasta dónde he llegado.","translation":"You see now how far I have gone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p38-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ve","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ve","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you see"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of ve","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dónde","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"dónde","lemma":"dónde","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of llegado","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of llegado","gloss":"I have"},{"surface":"llegado","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of ve","gloss":"gone"}]},{"number":95,"label":"39","id":"un-crimen-p39-s1","source":"–Nunca me imaginaría tal cosa.","translation":"\"I would never imagine such a thing.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p39-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nunca","lemma":"nunca","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies imaginaría","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of imaginaría","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"imaginaría","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I would imagine"},{"surface":"tal","lemma":"tal","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cosa","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"cosa","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of imaginaría","gloss":"thing"}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p39-s2","source":"¿Y lo van a matar en Temperley?","translation":"And are they going to kill him in Temperley?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p39-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the question","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of matar","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of matar","gloss":"are they going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of matar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"matar","lemma":"matar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Temperley","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Temperley","lemma":"Temperley","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of matar","gloss":"Temperley"}]},{"number":97,"label":"40","id":"un-crimen-p40-s1","source":"–Sí.","translation":"\"Yes.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p40-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"yes"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p40-s2","source":"Sin embargo... ¡Qué sé yo!","translation":"And yet... what do I know!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p40-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"¡Qué sé yo!","title":"«¡Qué sé yo!»","body":"«¡Qué sé yo!» literally 'what do I know!' is a fixed exclamation of uncertainty or dismissal — 'who knows, I have no idea, whatever'. «sin embargo» means 'however / nevertheless'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the fixed phrase sin embargo","gloss":"and yet","note":"\"Sin embargo\" is a fixed idiom (\"however/nevertheless\"), rendered here as \"and yet.\""},{"surface":"embargo","lemma":"embargo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase Sin","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of sé","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do I know"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of sé","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":99,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p40-s3","source":"La angustia.","translation":"The anguish.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p40-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of angustia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"anguish"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p40-s4","source":"¿Sabe usted lo que es la angustia?","translation":"Do you know what anguish is?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p40-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you know"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of Sabe","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"part of the relative phrase lo que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of the relative phrase lo que, subject of es","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to angustia","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of angustia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"anguish"}]},{"number":101,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p40-s5","source":"¿Tener la angustia arraigada hasta los huesos como la sífilis?","translation":"To have the anguish rooted into your very bones like syphilis?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p40-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"arraigada hasta los huesos","title":"«arraigado» = rooted","body":"«arraigado» (from «raíz», 'root') means deeply rooted, ingrained: «arraigada hasta los huesos» = 'rooted right into the bones'. The participle agrees with feminine «la angustia». The clinical simile «como la sífilis» is pure Arlt — disease as the figure for spiritual dread."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of angustia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Tener","gloss":"anguish"},{"surface":"arraigada","lemma":"arraigado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies angustia","gloss":"rooted"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking huesos","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of huesos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"huesos","lemma":"hueso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of arraigada","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"preposition, comparative","role":"preposition marking sífilis","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sífilis","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sífilis","lemma":"sífilis","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of arraigada","gloss":"syphilis"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p40-s6","source":"Vea, hace cuatro meses de esto: esperaba el tren en una estación de campo.","translation":"Look, this was four months ago: I was waiting for the train at a country station.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p40-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hace cuatro meses de esto","title":"«hace» + time = ago","body":"«hace» plus a span of time means 'ago': «hace cuatro meses» = 'four months ago'. «Vea» is the «usted» command of «ver», used here as a conversational 'look / see'. The imperfect «esperaba» sets the scene: 'I was waiting'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperative, formal, singular","role":"imperative verb, addresses the listener","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the time-elapsed clause (hace = ago)","gloss":"ago"},{"surface":"cuatro","lemma":"cuatro","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies meses","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"meses","lemma":"mes","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of hace","gloss":"months"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esto","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of hace","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"esperaba","lemma":"esperar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the explanatory clause","gloss":"I was waiting"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tren","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tren","lemma":"tren","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of esperaba","gloss":"train"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estación","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of estación","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"estación","lemma":"estación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of esperaba","gloss":"station"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking campo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"campo","lemma":"campo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies estación","gloss":"country"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p40-s7","source":"Tardaría tres cuartos de hora en llegar... y entonces crucé a una plaza que había enfrente.","translation":"It would take three quarters of an hour to arrive... and so I crossed over to a square that was opposite.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p40-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tardaría","lemma":"tardar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it would take"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies cuartos","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"cuartos","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Tardaría","gloss":"quarters"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hora","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hora","lemma":"hora","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cuartos","gloss":"an hour"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of llegar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"llegar","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Tardaría","gloss":"arrive"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies crucé","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"crucé","lemma":"cruzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause, coordinated with Tardaría","gloss":"I crossed"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plaza","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of plaza","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"plaza","lemma":"plaza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of crucé","gloss":"square"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of había","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying plaza","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"enfrente","lemma":"enfrente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies había","gloss":"opposite"}]},{"number":104,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p40-s8","source":"A los pocos minutos de estar sentado en un banco, una chica... tendría nueve años, vino a sentarse a mi lado.","translation":"A few minutes after sitting on a bench, a girl... she must have been about nine, came and sat down beside me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p40-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tendría nueve años","title":"Conditional of conjecture","body":"The conditional can express a guess about the past: «tendría nueve años» = 'she must have been / she would have been about nine'. Spanish uses «-ría» forms to estimate, where English reaches for 'must have' or 'probably'."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking minutos","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of minutos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pocos","lemma":"poco","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"modifies minutos","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"minutos","lemma":"minuto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of the preposition A","gloss":"minutes"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sentado","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"estar","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of sentado","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"sentado","lemma":"sentado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective with estar, clause modifying minutos","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking banco","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of banco","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"banco","lemma":"banco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentado","gloss":"bench"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of chica","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"chica","lemma":"chica","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of vino","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"tendría","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"parenthetical clause describing chica (conjectural tener)","gloss":"must have been"},{"surface":"nueve","lemma":"nueve","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies años","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"años","lemma":"año","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tendría","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"vino","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sentarse","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sentarse","lemma":"sentar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of vino","gloss":"sit down"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lado","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of lado","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"lado","lemma":"lado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentarse","gloss":"side"}]},{"number":105,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p40-s9","source":"Empezamos a charlar... estaba con un delantal blanco... vivía en una de las casas que había allí enfrente...","translation":"We began to chat... she had on a white pinafore... she lived in one of the houses that stood there opposite...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p40-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Empezamos a charlar","title":"«empezar a» + infinitive","body":"«empezar a» plus an infinitive marks the beginning of an action: «empezamos a charlar» = 'we began to chat'. The preterite «empezamos» marks the start as a single event, against the imperfects «estaba» and «vivía» that describe the girl."}],"words":[{"surface":"Empezamos","lemma":"empezar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the first clause","gloss":"we began"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of charlar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"charlar","lemma":"charlar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Empezamos","gloss":"chat"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause; estar con = wearing","gloss":"she had on"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking delantal","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of delantal","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"delantal","lemma":"delantal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estaba","gloss":"pinafore"},{"surface":"blanco","lemma":"blanco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies delantal","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"vivía","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the final clause","gloss":"she lived"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking una","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vivía","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of casas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"casas","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of de, complement of una","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of había","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying casas","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"allí","lemma":"allí","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies había","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"enfrente","lemma":"enfrente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies había, part of allí enfrente","gloss":"opposite"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p40-s10","source":"Lentamente, sin poderme contener, desvié la conversación hacia un tema obsceno... mas con prudencia... sondeando el terreno.","translation":"Slowly, unable to hold myself back, I steered the conversation toward an obscene subject... but with caution... testing the ground.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p40-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sin poderme contener","title":"«sin» + infinitive with attached pronoun","body":"«sin» plus an infinitive means 'without (doing)': «sin poderme contener» = 'without being able to restrain myself'. The pronoun «me» attaches to «poder». «sondear el terreno» ('to sound out the ground') is an idiom for cautiously testing a situation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lentamente","lemma":"lentamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies desvié","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of contener","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"poderme","lemma":"poder yo","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"auxiliary of contener","gloss":"being able to"},{"surface":"contener","lemma":"contener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on desvié","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"desvié","lemma":"desviar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I steered"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of conversación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"conversación","lemma":"conversación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of desvié","gloss":"conversation"},{"surface":"hacia","lemma":"hacia","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tema","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tema","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tema","lemma":"tema","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desvié","gloss":"subject"},{"surface":"obsceno","lemma":"obsceno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tema","gloss":"obscene"},{"surface":"mas","lemma":"mas","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination, introduces mas con prudencia","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prudencia","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"prudencia","lemma":"prudencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of the preposition con","gloss":"caution"},{"surface":"sondeando","lemma":"sondear","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on desvié","gloss":"testing"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of terreno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terreno","lemma":"terreno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sondeando","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":107,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p40-s11","source":"Una curiosidad atroz se había apoderado de mí conciencia.","translation":"An atrocious curiosity had taken hold of my conscience.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p40-s11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se había apoderado de","title":"Pronominal «apoderarse de»","body":"«apoderarse de» (from «poder», 'power') means 'to take hold of / seize'; it is pronominal and needs «de». In the pluperfect, «se había apoderado de mi conciencia» = 'had taken hold of my conscience' — the curiosity, not Erdosain, is the seizing force."}],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of curiosidad","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"curiosidad","lemma":"curiosidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of apoderado","gloss":"curiosity"},{"surface":"atroz","lemma":"atroz","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies curiosidad","gloss":"atrocious"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of apoderado","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of apoderado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"apoderado","lemma":"apoderar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"taken hold"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking conciencia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of conciencia","gloss":"my","note":"Printed with an accent (\"mí\") but functions here as the possessive \"mi\" (my) — an original-text spelling quirk, not the pronoun \"me.\""},{"surface":"conciencia","lemma":"conciencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoderado","gloss":"conscience"}]},{"number":108,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p40-s12","source":"La criatura, hipnotizada por su instinto semidespierto, me escuchaba temblando... y yo, despacio, en ese momento debía tener una cara de criminal... fíjese que desde la garita de los guardagujas dos cambistas me miraban con atención, le revelé el misterio sexual, incitándola a que se dedicara a corromper a sus amiguitas...","translation":"The child, hypnotized by her half-awakened instinct, listened to me trembling... and I, slowly, at that moment must have had the face of a criminal... mind you, from the switchmen's hut two pointsmen were watching me closely, I revealed to her the sexual mystery, urging her to set about corrupting her little friends...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p40-s12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"incitándola a que se dedicara","title":"«incitar a que» + subjunctive","body":"A verb of urging like «incitar a que» governs the subjunctive; in a past frame the imperfect subjunctive: «a que se dedicara a corromper» = 'to set about corrupting'. «fíjese» is the «usted» command of «fijarse» ('to notice / mind you'). This is the chapter's most disturbing confession."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of criatura","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"criatura","lemma":"criatura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of escuchaba","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"hipnotizada","lemma":"hipnotizado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies criatura","gloss":"hypnotized"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking instinto","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of instinto","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"instinto","lemma":"instinto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent complement of hipnotizada","gloss":"instinct"},{"surface":"semidespierto","lemma":"semidespierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies instinto","gloss":"half-awakened"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of escuchaba","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"escuchaba","lemma":"escuchar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"listened to"},{"surface":"temblando","lemma":"temblar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"complement of escuchaba","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of tener","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"despacio","lemma":"despacio","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies debía","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking momento","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tener","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"debía","lemma":"deber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tener","gloss":"must have"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of debía","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cara","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cara","lemma":"cara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking criminal","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"criminal","lemma":"criminal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cara","gloss":"a criminal"},{"surface":"fíjese","lemma":"fijarse","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular (usted)","role":"parenthetical verb introducing the que-clause","gloss":"mind you","note":"Formal 'usted' command from fijarse; here a discourse marker, not literally an instruction."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of miraban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"desde","lemma":"desde","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking garita","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of garita","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"garita","lemma":"garita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of miraban","gloss":"hut"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking guardagujas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of guardagujas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"guardagujas","lemma":"guardagujas","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"modifies garita","gloss":"switchmen"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies cambistas","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"cambistas","lemma":"cambista","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of miraban","gloss":"pointsmen","note":"Cambista usually means 'money changer'; here it's an old term for a railway pointsman/switchman."},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of miraban","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"miraban","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of fíjese","gloss":"were watching"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atención","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"atención","lemma":"atención","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of miraban","gloss":"attention"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of revelé","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"revelé","lemma":"revelar","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"revealed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of misterio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"misterio","lemma":"misterio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of revelé","gloss":"mystery"},{"surface":"sexual","lemma":"sexual","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies misterio","gloss":"sexual"},{"surface":"incitándola","lemma":"incitar","morphology":"verb, gerund + attached clitic 'la'","role":"adverbial clause on revelé","gloss":"urging her"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dedicara","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dedicara","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of dedicara","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"dedicara","lemma":"dedicar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of incitándola","gloss":"set about"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of corromper","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"corromper","lemma":"corromper","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of dedicara","gloss":"corrupting"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amiguitas","gloss":"(personal a)","note":"Untranslated 'personal a' marking a human direct object (sus amiguitas)."},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of amiguitas","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"amiguitas","lemma":"amiguita","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of corromper","gloss":"little friends"}]},{"number":109,"label":"41","id":"un-crimen-p41-s1","source":"Hipólita se apretó las sienes con los dedos.","translation":"Hipólita pressed her temples with her fingers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p41-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se apretó las sienes","title":"Reflexive for one's own body","body":"Spanish uses a reflexive pronoun plus the definite article for actions on one's own body, where English uses a possessive: «se apretó las sienes» = 'she pressed her temples' (literally 'pressed herself the temples'). No «sus» is needed — the «se» already shows whose temples."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of apretó","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"indirect object of apretó","gloss":"to herself"},{"surface":"apretó","lemma":"apretar","morphology":"verb, preterite, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of sienes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sienes","lemma":"sien","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of apretó","gloss":"temples"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of apretó","gloss":"fingers"}]},{"number":110,"label":"42","id":"un-crimen-p42-s1","source":"–¡Pero usted es un monstruo!","translation":"\"But you are a monster!\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p42-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence-initial coordinating conjunction","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to monstruo","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monstruo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"monstruo","lemma":"monstruo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"monster"}]},{"number":111,"label":"43","id":"un-crimen-p43-s1","source":"–Ahora he llegado al final.","translation":"\"Now I have reached the end.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegado","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of llegado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"llegado","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking final","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"final","lemma":"final","morphology":"noun","role":"oblique complement of llegado","gloss":"end"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s2","source":"Mi vida es un horror...","translation":"My life is a horror...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to horror","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of horror","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"horror","lemma":"horror","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"horror"}]},{"number":113,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s3","source":"Necesito crearme complicaciones espantosas... cometer el pecado.","translation":"I need to create dreadful complications for myself... to commit the sin.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"crearme complicaciones","title":"Dative of interest «me»","body":"The pronoun «me» on «crearme» is a dative of interest: the complications are created 'for/to myself', to his own cost. «crearme complicaciones» = 'to make trouble for myself'. Spanish adds this «me» to show the action falls back on the speaker."}],"words":[{"surface":"Necesito","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I need"},{"surface":"crearme","lemma":"crear","morphology":"verb, infinitive + attached clitic 'me'","role":"complement of Necesito","gloss":"create for myself"},{"surface":"complicaciones","lemma":"complicación","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of crearme","gloss":"complications"},{"surface":"espantosas","lemma":"espantoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies complicaciones","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"cometer","lemma":"cometer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Necesito","gloss":"to commit"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pecado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pecado","lemma":"pecado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cometer","gloss":"sin"}]},{"number":114,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s4","source":"No me mire.","translation":"Don't look at me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mire","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of mire","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"mire","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular (usted)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s5","source":"Posiblemente... vea... las personas han perdido el sentido de la palabra pecado... el pecado no es una falta... yo he llegado a darme cuenta que el pecado es un acto por el cual el hombre rompe el débil hilo que lo mantenía unido a Dios.","translation":"Possibly... look... people have lost the sense of the word sin... sin is not a fault... I have come to realize that sin is an act by which a man breaks the thin thread that kept him bound to God.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"por el cual","title":"«el cual» after a preposition","body":"«el cual / la cual» is the more formal relative used after prepositions, especially in writing: «un acto por el cual el hombre rompe...» = 'an act by which the man breaks...'. The article agrees with the antecedent «un acto» (masculine), so «el cual»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Posiblemente","lemma":"posiblemente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vea","gloss":"possibly"},{"surface":"vea","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular (usted)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of personas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"personas","lemma":"persona","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of perdido","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of perdido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"perdido","lemma":"perder","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sentido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sentido","lemma":"sentido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of perdido","gloss":"sense"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palabra","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of palabra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"palabra","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies sentido","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"pecado","lemma":"pecado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to palabra","gloss":"sin"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pecado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pecado","lemma":"pecado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"sin"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to falta","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of falta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"falta","lemma":"falta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"fault"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of llegado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of llegado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"llegado","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of darme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"darme","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, infinitive + attached clitic 'me'","role":"complement of llegado","gloss":"realize","note":"Idiom 'darse cuenta (de)' = to realize; here personalized as 'darme cuenta' (colloquial, dropping 'de')."},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with darme","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of acto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pecado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pecado","lemma":"pecado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"sin"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to acto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of acto","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"acto","lemma":"acto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"act"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cual","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cual","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cual","lemma":"cual","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of rompe","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rompe","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"rompe","lemma":"romper","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying acto","gloss":"breaks"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hilo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"débil","lemma":"débil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies hilo","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"hilo","lemma":"hilo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rompe","gloss":"thread"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of mantenía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mantenía","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"mantenía","lemma":"mantener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hilo","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"unido","lemma":"unido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicative complement of mantenía","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dios","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"complement of unido","gloss":"God"}]},{"number":116,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s6","source":"Dios le está negado para siempre.","translation":"God is denied to him forever.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le está negado","title":"«estar» + participle + dative","body":"«estar negado» ('to be denied') is a resultant state, and the dative «le» marks the person to whom: «Dios le está negado» = 'God is denied to him'. The participle «negado» agrees with the subject «Dios» (masculine singular)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of negado","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of negado","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to negado","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"negado","lemma":"negado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"denied"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siempre","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies negado","gloss":"ever"}]},{"number":117,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s7","source":"Aunque la vida de ese hombre después del pecado se hiciera más pura que la del más puro santo, no podría llegar jamás hasta Dios.","translation":"Even if that man's life after the sin became purer than that of the purest saint, he could never reach God.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Aunque... se hiciera","title":"«aunque» + subjunctive (even if)","body":"«aunque» with the subjunctive means 'even if', presenting the case as hypothetical: «aunque se hiciera más pura» = 'even if it were to become purer'. The imperfect subjunctive «se hiciera» pairs with the conditional «no podría» in the main clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aunque","lemma":"aunque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hiciera","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hiciera","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hiciera","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pecado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pecado","lemma":"pecado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of después","gloss":"sin"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of hiciera","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"hiciera","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on llegar","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pura","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"pura","lemma":"puro","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of hiciera","gloss":"pure"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparative clause","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"elliptical for vida, compared with vida","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking santo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puro","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"puro","lemma":"puro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies santo","gloss":"pure"},{"surface":"santo","lemma":"santo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of la","gloss":"saint"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegar","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"podría","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of llegar","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"llegar","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reach"},{"surface":"jamás","lemma":"jamás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies llegar","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dios","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of llegar","gloss":"God"}]},{"number":118,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s8","source":"Yo voy a romper el débil hilo que me unía a la caridad divina.","translation":"I am going to break the thin thread that bound me to divine charity.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of romper","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"voy","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of romper","gloss":"am going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of romper","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"romper","lemma":"romper","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"break"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hilo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"débil","lemma":"débil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies hilo","gloss":"thin"},{"surface":"hilo","lemma":"hilo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of romper","gloss":"thread"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of unía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of unía","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"unía","lemma":"unir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hilo","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caridad","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of caridad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caridad","lemma":"caridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of unía","gloss":"charity"},{"surface":"divina","lemma":"divino","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies caridad","gloss":"divine"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s9","source":"Lo siento.","translation":"I feel it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Lo siento","title":"«Lo siento» — feel it, not sorry","body":"Out of context «Lo siento» is the everyday 'I'm sorry', but here «sentir» keeps its literal force, 'to feel': Erdosain says he physically feels the thread breaking. The «lo» refers back to that act — a reminder that idioms must be read against their scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of siento","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"siento","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feel","note":"Usually 'Lo siento' means 'I'm sorry,' but here it's literal: 'I feel/sense it.'"}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s10","source":"Desde mañana seré sobre la tierra un monstruo... imagínese usted una criatura... un feto... un feto que tuviera la virtud de vivir fuera del seno materno... no crece jamás... velludo... pequeño... sin uñas camina entre los hombres sin ser un hombre... su fragilidad horroriza al mundo que lo rodea... pero no hay fuerza humana que pueda restituirlo al vientre perdido.","translation":"From tomorrow on I will be a monster upon the earth... imagine a creature... a fetus... a fetus that had the power to live outside the mother's womb... it never grows... hairy... tiny... without nails it walks among men without being a man... its fragility horrifies the world around it... but there is no human force that could return it to the lost womb.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no hay fuerza... que pueda","title":"Subjunctive after a negated antecedent","body":"When the thing described does not exist, the relative clause goes to the subjunctive: «no hay fuerza humana que pueda restituirlo» = 'there is no human force that could return it'. «imagínese» is the «usted» command of «imaginarse». The grotesque fetus image is Arlt's emblem of a soul cut off from God."}],"words":[{"surface":"Desde","lemma":"desde","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mañana","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies seré","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"seré","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierra","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of seré","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monstruo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"monstruo","lemma":"monstruo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of seré","gloss":"monster"},{"surface":"imagínese","lemma":"imaginarse","morphology":"verb, imperative, third-person, singular (usted)","role":"parenthetical imperative clause","gloss":"imagine"},{"surface":"usted","lemma":"usted","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, singular","role":"subject of imagínese","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of criatura","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"criatura","lemma":"criatura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of imagínese","gloss":"creature"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of feto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"feto","lemma":"feto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to criatura","gloss":"fetus"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of feto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"feto","lemma":"feto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to criatura","gloss":"fetus"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tuviera","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tuviera","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying feto","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of virtud","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"virtud","lemma":"virtud","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tuviera","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vivir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vivir","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying virtud","gloss":"live"},{"surface":"fuera","lemma":"fuera","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vivir","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking seno","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"seno","lemma":"seno","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of fuera","gloss":"womb"},{"surface":"materno","lemma":"materno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies seno","gloss":"maternal"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies crece","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"crece","lemma":"crecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the fragment","gloss":"grows"},{"surface":"jamás","lemma":"jamás","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies crece","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"velludo","lemma":"velludo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"describes feto (fragment)","gloss":"hairy"},{"surface":"pequeño","lemma":"pequeño","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with velludo","gloss":"tiny"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking uñas","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"uñas","lemma":"uña","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of camina","gloss":"nails"},{"surface":"camina","lemma":"caminar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the fragment","gloss":"walks"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombres","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of camina","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hombre","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to hombre","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of ser","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fragilidad","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"fragilidad","lemma":"fragilidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of horroriza","gloss":"fragility"},{"surface":"horroriza","lemma":"horrorizar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the fragment","gloss":"horrifies"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mundo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of horroriza","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of rodea","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rodea","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"rodea","lemma":"rodear","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying mundo","gloss":"surrounds"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"fuerza","lemma":"fuerza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"humana","lemma":"humano","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fuerza","gloss":"human"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of restituirlo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pueda","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of restituirlo","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"restituirlo","lemma":"restituir","morphology":"verb, infinitive + attached clitic 'lo'","role":"clause modifying fuerza","gloss":"return it"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vientre","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"vientre","lemma":"vientre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of restituirlo","gloss":"womb"},{"surface":"perdido","lemma":"perdido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vientre","gloss":"lost"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s11","source":"Es lo que me ocurrirá mañana a mí.","translation":"That is what will happen to me tomorrow.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"with que, forms subject of ocurrirá","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ocurrirá","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of ocurrirá","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ocurrirá","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Es","gloss":"will happen"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ocurrirá","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"emphatic complement, reduplicates me","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":122,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s12","source":"Me alejaré de Dios para siempre.","translation":"I will move away from God forever.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Me alejaré de","title":"Pronominal «alejarse de»","body":"«alejarse de» ('to move away / distance oneself from') is pronominal, from «lejos» ('far'): «me alejaré de Dios» = 'I will move away from God'. The future «-é» ending marks the certainty of his coming exile."}],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of alejaré","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"alejaré","lemma":"alejar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will move away"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dios","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of alejaré","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking siempre","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies alejaré","gloss":"ever"}]},{"number":123,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s13","source":"Estaré solo sobre la tierra.","translation":"I will be alone upon the earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Estaré","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I will be"},{"surface":"solo","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Estaré","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierra","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Estaré","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":124,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s14","source":"Mi alma y yo, los dos solos.","translation":"My soul and I, the two of us alone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with alma","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"in apposition to alma y yo","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"solos","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies los dos","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":125,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s15","source":"El infinito por delante.","translation":"The infinite ahead.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of infinito","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"infinito","lemma":"infinito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"infinite"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking delante","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"delante","lemma":"delante","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies infinito","gloss":"ahead"}]},{"number":126,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s16","source":"Siempre solos.","translation":"Always alone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies solos","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"solos","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":127,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s17","source":"Y noche y día... y siempre un sol amarillo.","translation":"And night and day... and always a yellow sun.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with noche","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sol","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with noche","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"amarillo","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sol","gloss":"yellow"}]},{"number":128,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s18","source":"¿Se da cuenta?","translation":"Do you realize?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of da","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realize","note":"Idiom 'darse cuenta' = to realize; formal 'usted' question here."},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with da","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":129,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p43-s19","source":"Crece el infinito... arriba un sol amarillo y el alma que se apartó de la caridad divina anda sola y ciega bajo el sol amarillo.","translation":"The infinite grows... above, a yellow sun, and the soul that turned away from divine charity walks alone and blind beneath the yellow sun.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p43-s19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"el alma","title":"«el» before a stressed «a-»","body":"«alma» ('soul') is feminine, but a singular noun beginning with a stressed «a-» takes the masculine article «el» for sound: «el alma», «el agua», «el águila». The noun stays feminine — adjectives agree as feminine («sola y ciega»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Crece","lemma":"crecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grows"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of infinito","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"infinito","lemma":"infinito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Crece","gloss":"infinite"},{"surface":"arriba","lemma":"arriba","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the elliptical clause (verb elided)","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of the elliptical clause introduced by arriba","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"amarillo","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sol","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of anda","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of apartó","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of apartó","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"apartó","lemma":"apartar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause modifying alma","gloss":"turned away"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caridad","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of caridad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caridad","lemma":"caridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apartó (object of de)","gloss":"charity"},{"surface":"divina","lemma":"divino","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies caridad","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"anda","lemma":"andar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the coordinate clause (subject: alma)","gloss":"walks"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicative complement of anda, describing alma","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ciega","lemma":"ciego","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with sola","gloss":"blind"},{"surface":"bajo","lemma":"bajo","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sol","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of anda","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"amarillo","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sol","gloss":"yellow"}]},{"number":130,"label":"44","id":"un-crimen-p44-s1","source":"Un golpe sordo estremeció el suelo, y de pronto ocurrió algo extraordinario.","translation":"A dull blow shook the ground, and suddenly something extraordinary happened.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p44-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of golpe","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"golpe","lemma":"golpe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of estremeció","gloss":"blow"},{"surface":"sordo","lemma":"sordo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies golpe","gloss":"dull"},{"surface":"estremeció","lemma":"estremecer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of suelo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suelo","lemma":"suelo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of estremeció","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the fixed phrase de pronto, modifying ocurrió","gloss":"of","note":"'De pronto' is a fixed phrase meaning 'suddenly.'"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"completes the fixed phrase de pronto (adverbial modifier of ocurrió)","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"ocurrió","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with estremeció","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ocurrió","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"extraordinario","lemma":"extraordinario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"extraordinary"}]},{"number":131,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p44-s2","source":"Erdosain calló espantado.","translation":"Erdosain fell silent, terrified.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p44-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of calló","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"calló","lemma":"callar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell silent"},{"surface":"espantado","lemma":"espantado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicative adjective describing Erdosain","gloss":"terrified"}]},{"number":132,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p44-s3","source":"Hipólita estaba arrodillada a sus pies...","translation":"Hipólita was kneeling at his feet...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p44-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"estaba arrodillada","title":"«estar» + participle of posture","body":"«arrodillarse» means 'to kneel down'; its participle with «estar» describes the resulting posture: «estaba arrodillada» = 'she was kneeling'. The «-a» ending agrees with feminine Hipólita."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of arrodillada","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to arrodillada","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"arrodillada","lemma":"arrodillado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"kneeling"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pies","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pies","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pies","lemma":"pie","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of arrodillada","gloss":"feet"}]},{"number":133,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p44-s4","source":"Ella le tomó la mano y se la cubrió de besos.","translation":"She took his hand and covered it with kisses.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p44-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se la cubrió de besos","title":"«se la»: two pronouns","body":"Two object pronouns stack here. «la» is the direct object ('it', the hand); «se» replaces the indirect object «le» ('to him') — Spanish swaps «le» to «se» before «la/lo». So «se la cubrió de besos» = 'she covered it [his hand] with kisses for him'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tomó","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of tomó (dative of possession)","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"tomó","lemma":"tomar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tomó","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of cubrió (dative of possession)","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cubrió","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"cubrió","lemma":"cubrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tomó","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking besos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"besos","lemma":"beso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of cubrió","gloss":"kisses"}]},{"number":134,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p44-s5","source":"En la oscuridad la mujer exclamó:","translation":"In the darkness the woman exclaimed:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p44-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oscuridad","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of oscuridad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oscuridad","lemma":"oscuridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of exclamó","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mujer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mujer","lemma":"mujer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of exclamó","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"exclamó","lemma":"exclamar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exclaimed"}]},{"number":135,"label":"45","id":"un-crimen-p45-s1","source":"–Deja... déjame que te bese esas pobres manos.","translation":"\"Let me... let me kiss those poor hands of yours.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p45-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"déjame que te bese","title":"«dejar que» + subjunctive","body":"«dejar que» ('to let / allow that') takes the subjunctive: «déjame que te bese» = 'let me kiss you'. «déjame» is the «tú» command of «dejar» with «me» attached; «bese» is the present subjunctive. Note Hipólita now uses «tú» («te bese»), dropping the earlier distance."}],"words":[{"surface":"Deja","lemma":"dejar","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"self-interrupted imperative, restarted as déjame","gloss":"Let"},{"surface":"déjame","lemma":"dejar yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let me","note":"déjame = deja + me ('let me'); imperative, not present indicative."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of bese","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of bese (dative of possession)","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"bese","lemma":"besar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of déjame","gloss":"kiss"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"pobres","lemma":"pobre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies manos","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of bese","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":136,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p45-s2","source":"Sos el hombre más desdichado de la tierra.","translation":"You are the most wretched man on earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p45-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sos","title":"«sos» — «vos» form of «ser»","body":"«sos» is the present of «ser» for «vos», the porteño 'you are' (where standard Spanish has «eres»). «Sos el hombre más desdichado» = 'you are the most wretched man'. It is the unmistakable voseo form and saturates Arlt's dialogue."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to hombre","gloss":"You are","note":"Sos is the voseo (Argentine) present-tense form of eres, from vos."},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies desdichado","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"desdichado","lemma":"desdichado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desdichado","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":137,"label":"46","id":"un-crimen-p46-s1","source":"–Levántate, Hipólita.","translation":"\"Get up, Hipólita.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p46-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Levántate","title":"«tú» command of «levantarse»","body":"«Levántate» is the affirmative «tú» command of «levantarse» ('to get up'), with the reflexive «te» attached and a written accent to keep the stress. Erdosain answers her «vos» with a «tú» command — the two switch registers across this tender exchange."}],"words":[{"surface":"Levántate","lemma":"levantar tú","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular, reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Get up","note":"Levántate = levanta + te, the reflexive imperative of levantarse."},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative, addressing Hipólita","gloss":"Hipólita"}]},{"number":138,"label":"47","id":"un-crimen-p47-s1","source":"–No, quiero besarte los pies –él sintió que sus brazos le apretaban las piernas–.","translation":"\"No, I want to kiss your feet\" — he felt her arms gripping his legs.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p47-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quiero","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I want"},{"surface":"besarte","lemma":"besar tú","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiero","gloss":"kiss your","note":"besarte = besar + te; with los pies this means 'kiss your feet' (dative of possession)."},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pies","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pies","lemma":"pie","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of besarte","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sintió","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sintió","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause (narrator's aside)","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of apretaban","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of apretaban","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of apretaban (dative of possession)","gloss":"his","note":"le here marks whose legs are gripped ('his legs'), not a direct object."},{"surface":"apretaban","lemma":"apretar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of sintió","gloss":"were gripping"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of piernas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"piernas","lemma":"pierna","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of apretaban","gloss":"legs"}]},{"number":139,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p47-s2","source":"Sos el hombre más desgraciado de la tierra.","translation":"You are the most wretched man on earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p47-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to hombre","gloss":"You are","note":"Sos is the voseo (Argentine) present-tense form of eres, from vos."},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies desgraciado","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"desgraciado","lemma":"desgraciado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies hombre","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tierra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tierra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tierra","lemma":"tierra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desgraciado","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":140,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p47-s3","source":"¡Cuánto sufriste, Dios mío!","translation":"How much you have suffered, my God!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p47-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¡Cuánto sufriste!","title":"Exclamatory «¡Cuánto!»","body":"«¡Cuánto...!» introduces an exclamation of quantity: «¡Cuánto sufriste!» = 'How much you have suffered!'. «sufriste» is the «vos»/«tú» preterite of «sufrir», identical in form for both pronouns."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuánto","lemma":"cuánto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sufriste","gloss":"How much"},{"surface":"sufriste","lemma":"sufrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have suffered"},{"surface":"Dios","lemma":"Dios","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative, addressing God","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"mío","lemma":"mío","morphology":"possessive adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Dios","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":141,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p47-s4","source":"¡Qué grande que sos... qué grande es tu alma!","translation":"How great you are... how great your soul is!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p47-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¡Qué grande que sos!","title":"Exclamatory «¡Qué... que...!»","body":"«¡Qué grande...!» is the exclamation 'how great...!'. The extra «que» in «¡Qué grande que sos!» is a colloquial Rioplatense reinforcement, untranslatable as a separate word — it just intensifies. Standard Spanish would simply say «¡Qué grande sos!»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grande","gloss":"How"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective, complement of sos","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"expletive particle linking grande and sos","gloss":"that","note":"This 'que' is a filler common in Spanish exclamations ('¡qué grande que sos!') and isn't translated separately."},{"surface":"sos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you are","note":"Sos is the voseo (Argentine) present-tense form of eres, from vos."},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grande","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective, complement of es (describing alma)","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking grande to alma","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"soul"}]},{"number":142,"label":"48","id":"un-crimen-p48-s1","source":"Erdosain la levantó con dulzura infinita.","translation":"Erdosain lifted her with infinite tenderness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p48-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of levantó","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lifted"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dulzura","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dulzura","lemma":"dulzura","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of levantó","gloss":"tenderness"},{"surface":"infinita","lemma":"infinito","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies dulzura","gloss":"infinite"}]},{"number":143,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p48-s2","source":"Sentíase ablandado por una piedad infinita, la atrajo sobre su pecho, le alisó el cabello en la frente, y le dijo:","translation":"He felt himself softened by an infinite pity; he drew her against his chest, smoothed the hair on her brow, and said to her:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p48-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sentíase","title":"Enclitic pronoun on a finite verb","body":"In older and literary Spanish the pronoun can attach to the end of a conjugated verb at the start of a clause: «Sentíase» = «se sentía» ('he felt himself'). Arlt uses this enclitic style for narrative weight. «atraer» ('to draw toward') has the irregular preterite «atrajo»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sentíase","lemma":"sentir él","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular, reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"He felt himself","note":"Sentíase = sentía + se, an older literary style attaching the reflexive pronoun after the verb."},{"surface":"ablandado","lemma":"ablandado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Sentíase (describes the subject)","gloss":"softened"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking piedad","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of piedad","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"piedad","lemma":"piedad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition por (agent of ablandado)","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"infinita","lemma":"infinito","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies piedad","gloss":"infinite"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of atrajo","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"atrajo","lemma":"atraer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pecho","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pecho","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pecho","lemma":"pecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of atrajo","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of alisó (dative of possession)","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"alisó","lemma":"alisar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with atrajo","gloss":"smoothed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cabello","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cabello","lemma":"cabello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of alisó","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking frente","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of frente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"frente","lemma":"frente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of alisó","gloss":"brow"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dijo","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with atrajo","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":144,"label":"49","id":"un-crimen-p49-s1","source":"–Si supieras ahora lo fácil que va a ser morir.","translation":"\"If you only knew now how easy it is going to be to die.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p49-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Si supieras... lo fácil que","title":"«Si supieras» + «lo... que»","body":"«Si supieras...» ('if you only knew...') uses the imperfect subjunctive for a wish. «lo fácil que va a ser morir» = 'how easy it is going to be to die', with «lo + adjective + que» measuring the degree. Erdosain now addresses her with «vos/tú» («supieras»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of supieras","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"supieras","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you knew"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies supieras","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, neuter, singular","role":"neuter determiner introducing fácil","gloss":"how","note":"'Lo fácil que...' uses the neuter lo + adjective to form an abstract exclamative ('how easy...')."},{"surface":"fácil","lemma":"fácil","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of ser (describing morir)","gloss":"easy"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"linking particle connecting fácil to va a ser morir","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of ser (periphrasis ir a + infinitive)","gloss":"is going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"links va to ser (periphrasis ir a + infinitive)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ser","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula of the embedded clause (complement of supieras), links morir to fácil","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"morir","lemma":"morir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of ser (the infinitive clause 'to die')","gloss":"to die"}]},{"number":145,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p49-s2","source":"Como un juego.","translation":"Like a game.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p49-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Como","lemma":"como","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking juego","gloss":"Like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of juego","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"juego","lemma":"juego","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Como","gloss":"game"}]},{"number":146,"label":"50","id":"un-crimen-p50-s1","source":"–¡Qué alma la tuya!...","translation":"\"What a soul yours is!...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p50-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"la tuya","title":"Possessive pronoun «la tuya»","body":"«la tuya» ('yours') is the possessive pronoun, standing in for «tu alma». «¡Qué alma la tuya!» literally 'what a soul, yours!' = 'what a soul you have!'. The pronoun agrees in feminine singular with «alma»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"part of the pronominal phrase la tuya (yours), in apposition to alma","gloss":"the","note":"'La tuya' together means 'yours.'"},{"surface":"tuya","lemma":"tuyo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"forms the possessive phrase la tuya (yours), in apposition to alma","gloss":"yours"}]},{"number":147,"label":"51","id":"un-crimen-p51-s1","source":"–¿Pero estás afiebrada?...","translation":"\"But are you feverish?...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p51-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"afiebrada","title":"«afiebrado» = feverish","body":"«afiebrado/a» (from «fiebre», 'fever') means 'feverish', and is the usual Rioplatense form where Spain often says «con fiebre» or «febril». «estás afiebrada» = 'you are feverish', the «-a» agreeing with Hipólita."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies estás","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"estás","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to afiebrada","gloss":"are you"},{"surface":"afiebrada","lemma":"afiebrado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"feverish"}]},{"number":148,"label":"52","id":"un-crimen-p52-s1","source":"–¡Pobre muchacho!","translation":"\"Poor boy!\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p52-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pobre","lemma":"pobre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies muchacho","gloss":"Poor"},{"surface":"muchacho","lemma":"muchacho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":149,"label":"53","id":"un-crimen-p53-s1","source":"–¿Por qué?","translation":"\"Why?\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p53-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of Por, completing the fixed phrase por qué","gloss":"why","note":"'Por qué' together means 'why?'"}]},{"number":150,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p53-s2","source":"Si ahora somos como dioses...","translation":"But now we are like gods...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p53-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Si ahora somos","title":"«Si» as 'but / why'","body":"At the start of a reply, «Si...» is not 'if' but an emphatic, almost protesting 'but / why': «Si ahora somos como dioses» = 'But now we are like gods'. It pushes back on what the other person just said."}],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphatic/adversative particle introducing the clause","gloss":"But","note":"Colloquial Rioplatense 'si' used as an emphatic opener, not the conditional 'if' — here it works like 'but/why.'"},{"surface":"ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies somos","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"somos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to dioses","gloss":"we are"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dioses (comparison: like)","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"dioses","lemma":"dios","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of somos (via como)","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":151,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p53-s3","source":"Sentate a mi lado.","translation":"Sit beside me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p53-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sentate","title":"«vos» command of «sentarse»","body":"«Sentate» is the «vos» command of «sentarse»: drop the «-r» of «sentar», keep the stress on the last syllable, attach «-te». Standard «tú» would be «siéntate» (with a stem change and an accent); the «vos» form has no stem change. Erdosain has shifted into «vos» with her here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sentate","lemma":"sentar tú","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular, reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Sit","note":"Sentate is the voseo imperative of sentarse (vos sentate = tú siéntate)."},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lado","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of lado","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"lado","lemma":"lado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Sentate","gloss":"side"}]},{"number":152,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p53-s4","source":"¿Estás bien así?","translation":"Are you comfortable like this?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p53-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Estás","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Are you"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Estás","gloss":"comfortable"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Estás","gloss":"like this"}]},{"number":153,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p53-s5","source":"Mirá, hermanita, todo lo que sufrí ha sido pagado con tus palabras.","translation":"Look, little sister, everything I suffered has been paid for with your words.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p53-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Mirá / hermanita","title":"«vos» command + diminutive","body":"«Mirá» is the «vos» command of «mirar» ('look'), stressed on the final syllable. «hermanita» adds the affectionate diminutive «-ita» to «hermana» ('sister') — 'little sister', a tender form of address. «ha sido pagado» is the passive present perfect."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mirá","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (discourse marker)","gloss":"Look","note":"Mirá is the voseo imperative of mirar (vos mirá = tú mira)."},{"surface":"hermanita","lemma":"hermanita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, addressing Hipólita (term of endearment)","gloss":"little sister"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"head of the subject phrase todo lo que sufrí, subject of pagado","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"part of the relative clause modifying todo (lo que = 'that which')","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of sufrí (relative pronoun, refers to lo)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sufrí","lemma":"sufrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying todo (implied subject yo)","gloss":"I suffered"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pagado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"sido","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"auxiliary of pagado","gloss":"been"},{"surface":"pagado","lemma":"pagar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"paid"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palabras","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"tus","lemma":"tu","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of pagado","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":154,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p53-s6","source":"Viviremos un tiempo más...","translation":"We will live a while longer...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p53-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Viviremos","lemma":"vivir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"We will live"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tiempo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tiempo","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial complement (duration) of Viviremos","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiempo","gloss":"longer"}]},{"number":155,"label":"54","id":"un-crimen-p54-s1","source":"–Sí, como novios...","translation":"\"Yes, like sweethearts...\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p54-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"novios","title":"«novios»","body":"«novios» are a courting couple — boyfriend/girlfriend, sweethearts, the engaged. «como novios» = 'like a courting couple'. The word sits in pointed contrast to «esposa» ('wife') in the very next line, marking the chaste, betrothed stage before marriage."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking novios (comparison: like)","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"novios","lemma":"novio","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Sí","gloss":"sweethearts"}]},{"number":156,"label":"55","id":"un-crimen-p55-s1","source":"–Sólo el gran día serás mi esposa.","translation":"\"Only on the great day will you be my wife.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p55-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sólo","lemma":"sólo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies día","gloss":"Only"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of día","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"gran","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies día","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"día","lemma":"día","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adverbial (on the great day), modifies serás","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"serás","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to esposa","gloss":"will you be"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esposa","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"esposa","lemma":"esposa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":157,"label":"56","id":"un-crimen-p56-s1","source":"–¡Te quiero tanto!... ¡Qué alma la tuya!","translation":"\"I love you so much!... What a soul yours is!\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p56-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, second-person, singular","role":"direct object of quiero","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I love"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quiero","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"part of the pronominal phrase la tuya (yours), in apposition to alma","gloss":"the","note":"'La tuya' together means 'yours.'"},{"surface":"tuya","lemma":"tuyo","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"forms the possessive phrase la tuya (yours), in apposition to alma","gloss":"yours"}]},{"number":158,"label":"57","id":"un-crimen-p57-s1","source":"–Y después nos iremos.","translation":"\"And afterward we will go away.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p57-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nos iremos","title":"Pronominal «irse» in the future","body":"«irse» ('to go away / leave') is the pronominal form of «ir», stressing departure. In the first-person plural future: «nos iremos» = 'we will go away'. Against the planned murder, the line's destination is left ominously open."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies iremos","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"nosotros","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of iremos","gloss":"away","note":"nos here is part of the reflexive verb irse ('to leave/go away'); it has no separate translation."},{"surface":"iremos","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"we will go"}]},{"number":159,"label":"58","id":"un-crimen-p58-s1","source":"Y ya no hablaron más.","translation":"And they spoke no more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p58-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies hablaron","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablaron","gloss":"anymore"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablaron","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hablaron","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hablaron","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":160,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p58-s2","source":"La cabeza de Hipólita estaba caída sobre su pecho.","translation":"Hipólita's head had fallen against his chest.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p58-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of caída","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hipólita","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies cabeza","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to caída","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"caída","lemma":"caído","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pecho","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pecho","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pecho","lemma":"pecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of caída","gloss":"chest"}]},{"number":161,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p58-s3","source":"Faltaba poco para amanecer.","translation":"It was not long until dawn.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p58-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Faltaba poco para amanecer","title":"«faltar poco para»","body":"«faltar» means 'to be lacking / to remain'; «faltar poco para» = 'there is little left until', 'it is nearly time for'. «Faltaba poco para amanecer» = 'it was nearly dawn'. «amanecer» ('to dawn') is used here as a noun-like infinitive, 'daybreak'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Faltaba","lemma":"faltar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was lacking"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Faltaba","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of amanecer","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"amanecer","lemma":"amanecer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of para (infinitive), modifies Faltaba","gloss":"dawn"}]},{"number":162,"label":"","id":"un-crimen-p58-s4","source":"Entonces Erdosain dobló ese cuerpo fatigado sobre el sofá... ella sonrió extenuada; luego Remo sentóse sobre la alfombra, apoyó la cabeza en el borde del sofá, y así acurrucado quedóse adormecido.","translation":"Then Erdosain laid that weary body down on the sofa... she smiled, exhausted; then Remo sat down on the carpet, rested his head on the edge of the sofa, and curled up like that he drifted into sleep.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-crimen-p58-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sentóse / quedóse","title":"Enclitic pronouns again","body":"«sentóse» = «se sentó» ('he sat down') and «quedóse» = «se quedó» ('he remained'): the pronoun attaches to the end of the verb in this literary register, each keeping its written accent. «Remo» is Erdosain's first name. «quedarse adormecido» = 'to fall into a doze'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dobló","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of dobló","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"dobló","lemma":"doblar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laid down"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cuerpo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"cuerpo","lemma":"cuerpo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dobló","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"fatigado","lemma":"fatigado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cuerpo","gloss":"weary"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sofá","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sofá","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sofá","lemma":"sofá","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of dobló","gloss":"sofa"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, acc,nom, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sonrió","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sonrió","lemma":"sonreír","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"extenuada","lemma":"extenuado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicative adjective describing ella","gloss":"exhausted"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sentóse","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Remo","lemma":"Remo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sentóse","gloss":"Remo"},{"surface":"sentóse","lemma":"sentar él","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular, reflexive","role":"main verb of the clause (coordinated narrative action)","gloss":"sat down","note":"sentóse = sentó + se, an older literary style attaching the reflexive pronoun after the verb."},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alfombra","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of alfombra","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alfombra","lemma":"alfombra","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sentóse","gloss":"carpet"},{"surface":"apoyó","lemma":"apoyar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sentóse (main verb of the clause)","gloss":"rested"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"his","note":"Spanish uses the definite article (la) rather than a possessive with body parts; 'la cabeza' here means 'his head.'"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of apoyó","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking borde","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of borde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"borde","lemma":"borde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyó","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sofá","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"sofá","lemma":"sofá","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies borde","gloss":"sofa"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies acurrucado","gloss":"like that"},{"surface":"acurrucado","lemma":"acurrucado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicative adjective describing Remo (subject of quedóse)","gloss":"curled up"},{"surface":"quedóse","lemma":"quedar él","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular, reflexive","role":"main verb of the final clause (coordinated with sentóse and apoyó)","gloss":"fell","note":"quedóse = quedó + se, an older literary style attaching the reflexive pronoun after the verb."},{"surface":"adormecido","lemma":"adormecido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of quedóse (quedarse + adjective = 'to fall/remain asleep')","gloss":"asleep"}]}]}