{"work":{"slug":"arlt","title":{"source":"Los siete locos","translated":"The Seven Madmen"},"author":"Roberto Arlt","language":"Spanish","languageCode":"es","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt"},"unit":{"kind":"chapter","number":null,"id":"un-hombre-extrano","title":{"source":"Un hombre extraño","translated":"A Strange Man"},"section":"Part One","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/un-hombre-extrano","lines":130},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/el-terror-en-la-calle","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/arlt/el-odio","license":"Source text: public domain (Roberto Arlt, d. 1942). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review. NOTE: this is a minimal seed excerpt to make the app target runnable; full verified content is authored through the content pipeline.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p1-s1","source":"A las diez de la mañana Erdosain llegó a Perú y Avenida de Mayo.","translation":"At ten in the morning Erdosain reached the corner of Perú and Avenida de Mayo.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p1-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"llegó","title":"Preterite of «llegar»","body":"«llegó» is the third-person preterite of «llegar» ('to arrive'). The preterite reports a single, finished action at a definite moment — here, arriving 'at ten in the morning'. Note the orthographic accent on the final «-ó» that marks this tense."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diez","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of diez","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"diez","lemma":"diez","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"oblique complement of llegó","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mañana","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mañana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies diez","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of llegó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"llegó","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Perú","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Perú","lemma":"Perú","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of llegó","gloss":"Perú","note":"Here Perú is a street name in downtown Buenos Aires, not the country."},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Avenida","lemma":"Avenida","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Perú","gloss":"Avenida"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mayo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Mayo","lemma":"Mayo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name Avenida","gloss":"Mayo"}]},{"number":2,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p1-s2","source":"Sabía que su problema no tenía otra solución que la cárcel, porque Barsut seguramente no le facilitaría el dinero.","translation":"He knew that his problem had no solution other than prison, because Barsut surely would not lend him the money.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p1-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sabía / tenía","title":"The imperfect for ongoing states","body":"«sabía» and «tenía» are imperfect forms of «saber» and «tener». The imperfect frames a continuous mental state and an existing condition — 'he knew', 'it had' — rather than single completed acts, which is why Spanish prefers it over the preterite for what someone already understood."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sabía","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tenía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of problema","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"problema","lemma":"problema","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tenía","gloss":"problem"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tenía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Sabía","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"otra","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of solución","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"solución","lemma":"solución","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"solution"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of cárcel","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cárcel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cárcel","lemma":"cárcel","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies solución","gloss":"prison"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of facilitaría","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"Barsut","lemma":"Barsut","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of facilitaría","gloss":"Barsut"},{"surface":"seguramente","lemma":"seguramente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies facilitaría","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies facilitaría","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of facilitaría","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"facilitaría","lemma":"facilitar","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on tenía","gloss":"would lend"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of facilitaría","gloss":"money"}]},{"number":3,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p1-s3","source":"De pronto se sorprendió.","translation":"Suddenly he was surprised.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p1-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se sorprendió","title":"Pronominal «sorprenderse»","body":"«sorprenderse» is the pronominal form of «sorprender». With the reflexive «se», the subject undergoes the surprise himself: 'he was surprised', 'he was taken aback' — as opposed to «sorprender a alguien», 'to surprise someone else'."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom de pronto, modifying sorprendió","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase De","gloss":"suddenly","note":"\"De pronto\" together means \"suddenly\"; pronto alone usually means \"soon.\""},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of sorprendió","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sorprendió","lemma":"sorprender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was surprised"}]},{"number":4,"label":"2","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p2-s1","source":"En la mesa de un café estaba el farmacéutico Ergueta.","translation":"At a café table sat Ergueta, the pharmacist.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p2-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mesa","gloss":"At"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mesa","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mesa","lemma":"mesa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estaba","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking café","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of café","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"café","lemma":"café","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mesa","gloss":"café"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of farmacéutico","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"farmacéutico","lemma":"farmacéutico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of estaba","gloss":"pharmacist"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to farmacéutico","gloss":"Ergueta"}]},{"number":5,"label":"3","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p3-s1","source":"Con el sombrero hundido hasta las orejas y las manos tocándose por los pulgares sobre el grueso vientre, cabeceaba con una expresión agria, abotargada, en su cara amarilla.","translation":"With his hat sunk down to his ears and his hands touching at the thumbs over his thick belly, he nodded off with a sour, bloated expression on his yellow face.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p3-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cabeceaba","title":"«cabecear»","body":"«cabecear» literally means 'to move the head'; here it describes nodding off, the head dropping as someone dozes. The imperfect «cabeceaba» paints a drowsy, ongoing scene rather than one finished gesture."}],"words":[{"surface":"Con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sombrero","gloss":"With"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sombrero","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"sombrero","lemma":"sombrero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cabeceaba","gloss":"hat"},{"surface":"hundido","lemma":"hundido","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sombrero","gloss":"sunk"},{"surface":"hasta","lemma":"hasta","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orejas","gloss":"down to"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of orejas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"orejas","lemma":"oreja","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of hundido","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of manos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"manos","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with sombrero","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"tocándose","lemma":"tocar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"clause modifying manos","gloss":"touching"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pulgares","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pulgares","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pulgares","lemma":"pulgar","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of por (point of contact)","gloss":"thumbs"},{"surface":"sobre","lemma":"sobre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vientre","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vientre","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"grueso","lemma":"grueso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vientre","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"vientre","lemma":"vientre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of sobre","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"cabeceaba","lemma":"cabecear","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"nodded off"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking expresión","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of expresión","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"expresión","lemma":"expresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cabeceaba","gloss":"expression"},{"surface":"agria","lemma":"agrio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies expresión","gloss":"sour"},{"surface":"abotargada","lemma":"abotargado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies expresión","gloss":"bloated"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cara","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cara","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cara","lemma":"cara","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of cabeceaba","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"amarilla","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cara","gloss":"yellow"}]},{"number":6,"label":"4","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p4-s1","source":"Lo vidrioso de sus ojos saltones, su gruesa nariz ganchuda, las mejillas flácidas y el labio inferior casi colgante, le daban la apariencia de un cretino.","translation":"The glassiness of his bulging eyes, his thick hooked nose, his flabby cheeks and his almost dangling lower lip gave him the look of a halfwit.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p4-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Lo vidrioso","title":"Neuter «lo» + adjective","body":"«lo» before an adjective forms an abstract noun: «lo vidrioso» = 'the glassy quality', 'the glassiness'. This neuter article turns any adjective into 'the ... thing / the ... part about it', a favorite device for describing a quality in isolation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"neuter article","role":"forms abstract noun with vidrioso","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vidrioso","lemma":"vidrioso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular, used as noun","role":"subject of daban, coordinated with nariz, mejillas, labio","gloss":"glassiness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ojos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de, modifying vidrioso","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"saltones","lemma":"saltón","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ojos","gloss":"bulging"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of nariz","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"gruesa","lemma":"grueso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nariz","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"nariz","lemma":"nariz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of daban, coordinated with vidrioso","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"ganchuda","lemma":"ganchudo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nariz","gloss":"hooked"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mejillas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mejillas","lemma":"mejilla","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of daban, coordinated with vidrioso, nariz","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"flácidas","lemma":"flácido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mejillas","gloss":"flabby"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of labio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"labio","lemma":"labio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of daban, coordinated with mejillas","gloss":"lip"},{"surface":"inferior","lemma":"inferior","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies labio","gloss":"lower"},{"surface":"casi","lemma":"casi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies colgante","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"colgante","lemma":"colgante","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies labio","gloss":"dangling"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of daban","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"daban","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of apariencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"apariencia","lemma":"apariencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of daban","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cretino","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cretino","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cretino","lemma":"cretino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifying apariencia","gloss":"halfwit"}]},{"number":7,"label":"5","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p5-s1","source":"Enfundaba su macizo cuerpazo en un traje color de canela, y, a momentos, inclinando el rostro apoyaba los dientes en el puño de marfil de su bastón.","translation":"He cased his massive bulk in a cinnamon-colored suit, and now and then, tilting his face, he rested his teeth on the ivory knob of his cane.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p5-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cuerpazo","title":"The augmentative «-azo»","body":"«cuerpazo» is «cuerpo» ('body') plus the augmentative suffix «-azo», meaning a huge, hulking body. The suffix «-azo» enlarges a noun and often adds a coarse or admiring color — common in the everyday Buenos Aires speech Arlt writes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Enfundaba","lemma":"enfundar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cased"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cuerpazo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"macizo","lemma":"macizo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cuerpazo","gloss":"massive"},{"surface":"cuerpazo","lemma":"cuerpazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Enfundaba","gloss":"bulk"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking traje","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of traje","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"traje","lemma":"traje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of en","gloss":"suit"},{"surface":"color","lemma":"color","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular, used adjectivally","role":"in apposition to traje","gloss":"color"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking canela","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"canela","lemma":"canela","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies color","gloss":"cinnamon"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase 'a momentos', modifies apoyaba","gloss":"at","note":"'a momentos' is a set phrase meaning 'now and then.'"},{"surface":"momentos","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"part of the phrase 'a momentos'","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"inclinando","lemma":"inclinar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on apoyaba","gloss":"tilting"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rostro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rostro","lemma":"rostro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of inclinando","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"apoyaba","lemma":"apoyar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Enfundaba","gloss":"rested"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dientes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dientes","lemma":"diente","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of apoyaba","gloss":"teeth"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puño","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of puño","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puño","lemma":"puño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of apoyaba","gloss":"knob"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marfil","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"marfil","lemma":"marfil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies puño","gloss":"ivory"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bastón","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of bastón","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"bastón","lemma":"bastón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies puño","gloss":"cane"}]},{"number":8,"label":"6","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p6-s1","source":"Por ese desgano y la expresión canalla de su aburrimiento tenía el aspecto de un tratante de blancas.","translation":"Because of that listlessness and the loutish look of his boredom, he had the air of a white-slave trafficker.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p6-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"canalla","title":"«canalla»","body":"«canalla» means 'scoundrel, riffraff'; used as an adjective here («expresión canalla») it tags the boredom as low, villainous, thuggish. The word recurs throughout Arlt as a marker of the seedy underworld his characters move through."}],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desgano","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of desgano","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"desgano","lemma":"desgano","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tenía","gloss":"listlessness"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of expresión","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"expresión","lemma":"expresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with desgano","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"canalla","lemma":"canalla","morphology":"adjective, invariable, singular","role":"modifies expresión","gloss":"loutish"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aburrimiento","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of aburrimiento","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"aburrimiento","lemma":"aburrimiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies expresión","gloss":"boredom"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aspecto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aspecto","lemma":"aspecto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tratante","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tratante","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tratante","lemma":"tratante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies aspecto","gloss":"trafficker"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking blancas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"blancas","lemma":"blanca","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies tratante","gloss":"white women","note":"'trata de blancas' ('white slavery') was the period term for forced prostitution."}]},{"number":9,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p6-s2","source":"Inesperadamente sus ojos se encontraron con los de Erdosain que iba a su encuentro, y el semblante del farmacéutico se iluminó con una sonrisa pueril.","translation":"Unexpectedly his eyes met Erdosain's, who was coming toward him, and the pharmacist's face lit up with a childlike smile.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p6-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"iba a su encuentro","title":"Imperfect for an action in progress","body":"«iba» (imperfect of «ir») sets the background action already underway — 'was coming toward him' — against the sudden, completed meeting of eyes («se encontraron», preterite). Spanish routinely pairs the imperfect backdrop with a preterite event."}],"words":[{"surface":"Inesperadamente","lemma":"inesperadamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies encontraron","gloss":"unexpectedly"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ojos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ojos","lemma":"ojo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of encontraron","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reciprocal","role":"reciprocal particle of encontraron","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"encontraron","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"met"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking los","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"object of con, standing for the eyes of Erdosain","gloss":"the ones"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of de, modifies los","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of iba","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"iba","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying Erdosain","gloss":"was coming"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking encuentro","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of encuentro","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"encuentro","lemma":"encuentro","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of iba","gloss":"meeting","note":"'ir al encuentro de alguien' is an idiom meaning 'to go meet someone/come toward them.'"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of semblante","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"semblante","lemma":"semblante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of iluminó","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"contraction of de + el","role":"preposition marking farmacéutico","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"farmacéutico","lemma":"farmacéutico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies semblante","gloss":"pharmacist"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of iluminó","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"iluminó","lemma":"iluminar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with encontraron","gloss":"lit up"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sonrisa","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sonrisa","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sonrisa","lemma":"sonrisa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of iluminó","gloss":"smile"},{"surface":"pueril","lemma":"pueril","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies sonrisa","gloss":"childlike"}]},{"number":10,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p6-s3","source":"Aun sonreía cuando le estrechaba la mano a Erdosain, que pensó:","translation":"He was still smiling as he shook Erdosain's hand, and Erdosain thought:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p6-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aun","lemma":"aún","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sonreía","gloss":"still","note":"Printed without the accent here, but functions as 'aún' (still), not 'aun' (even)."},{"surface":"sonreía","lemma":"sonreír","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was smiling"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estrechaba","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of estrechaba","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"estrechaba","lemma":"estrechar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on sonreía","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mano","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mano","lemma":"mano","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of estrechaba","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"indirect object of estrechaba, doubling le","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of pensó, referring to Erdosain","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"pensó","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying Erdosain","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":11,"label":"7","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p7-s1","source":"–¡Cuántas lo han querido por esa sonrisa!","translation":"—How many women have loved him for that smile!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p7-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¡Cuántas!","title":"Exclamatory «cuántas»","body":"«¡Cuántas...!» means 'how many...!' in an exclamation, and the feminine plural «-as» implies «cuántas mujeres» ('how many women'). The accent on «cuántas» marks it as exclamatory, not the relative «cuantas»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuántas","lemma":"cuánto","morphology":"pronoun, exclamative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of querido","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of querido","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of querido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"querido","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sonrisa","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sonrisa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sonrisa","lemma":"sonrisa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of por","gloss":"smile"}]},{"number":12,"label":"8","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p8-s1","source":"Involuntariamente, la primera pregunta de Erdosain fue:","translation":"Without meaning to, Erdosain's first question was:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p8-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Involuntariamente","lemma":"involuntariamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fue","gloss":"without meaning to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pregunta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"primera","lemma":"primero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pregunta","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"pregunta","lemma":"pregunta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of fue","gloss":"question"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Erdosain","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"object of de, modifies pregunta","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":13,"label":"9","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p9-s1","source":"–Y, ¿te casaste con Hipólita?..","translation":"—So, did you marry Hipólita?..","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p9-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"te casaste","title":"Pronominal «casarse»","body":"«casarse (con)» is the pronominal verb 'to get married (to)'. The «te» is required — «te casaste con Hipólita» = 'you married Hipólita'. Without the reflexive, «casar» would mean 'to marry someone off / to officiate', a different sense."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the question","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of casaste","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"casaste","lemma":"casar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"marry"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hipólita","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of casaste","gloss":"Hipólita"}]},{"number":14,"label":"10","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p10-s1","source":"–Sí, pero no te imaginas el bochinche que se armó en casa...","translation":"—Yes, but you can't imagine the uproar that broke out at home...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p10-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bochinche","title":"«bochinche» (River Plate)","body":"«bochinche» is River Plate slang for a racket, a noisy fuss or commotion. «el bochinche que se armó» = 'the uproar that kicked off' — «armarse» here meaning a scene 'breaking out' on its own."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"response particle","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies imaginas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of imaginas","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"imaginas","lemma":"imaginar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imagine"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bochinche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bochinche","lemma":"bochinche","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of imaginas","gloss":"uproar"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of armó","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of armó","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"armó","lemma":"armar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying bochinche","gloss":"broke out"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking casa","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"casa","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of armó","gloss":"home"}]},{"number":15,"label":"11","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p11-s1","source":"–¿Qué... supieron que era de «la vida»?","translation":"—What... did they find out she was a woman of the streets?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p11-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"supieron","title":"Preterite of «saber» = 'found out'","body":"In the preterite, «saber» shifts meaning from 'to know' to 'to find out, to learn': «supieron» = 'they found out'. This is one of a small set of verbs (also «conocer», «querer», «poder») that change sense between imperfect and preterite."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative, singular","role":"interrupted question","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"supieron","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found out"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of era","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to vida","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of de, predicate of era","gloss":"the streets","note":"'de la vida' was a period euphemism for 'a woman of easy virtue/a prostitute.'"}]},{"number":16,"label":"12","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p12-s1","source":"–No... eso lo dijo ella después.","translation":"—No... she said that later herself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p12-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"response particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of dijo, topicalized, doubled by lo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object clitic of dijo, doubling eso","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of dijo","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"later"}]},{"number":17,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p12-s2","source":"¿Vos sabes que Hipólita antes de «hacer la calle» trabajó de sirvienta?...","translation":"Did you know that before she walked the streets Hipólita worked as a maid?...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p12-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Vos sabes","title":"«vos» — the Buenos Aires «you»","body":"«vos» replaces «tú» throughout Río de la Plata speech (voseo). Here it pairs loosely with «sabes»; fully voseo it would be «vos sabés». Arlt writes his porteños in their own register, so «vos» runs all through this dialogue."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hacer la calle","title":"«hacer la calle»","body":"«hacer la calle» literally 'to do the street' is the idiom for working as a streetwalker, soliciting in public. The quotation marks again mark it as the underworld's own phrasing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vos","lemma":"vos","morphology":"pronoun, second-person, singular","role":"subject of sabes","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sabes","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trabajó","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of trabajó","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"antes","lemma":"antes","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase 'antes de', modifies trabajó","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase 'antes de', marking hacer","gloss":"of","note":"'antes de' + infinitive means 'before doing.'"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"object of de (antes de + infinitive)","gloss":"walking","note":"'hacer la calle' is a period idiom meaning 'to work as a prostitute.'"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of calle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"calle","lemma":"calle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"streets"},{"surface":"trabajó","lemma":"trabajar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sabes","gloss":"worked"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sirvienta","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"sirvienta","lemma":"sirvienta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of trabajó","gloss":"maid"}]},{"number":18,"label":"13","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p13-s1","source":"–¿Y?..","translation":"—And?..","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p13-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":19,"label":"14","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p14-s1","source":"–Poco después que nos casamos fuimos mamá, yo, Hipólita y mi hermanita a lo de una familia.","translation":"—Shortly after we married, Mamá, I, Hipólita and my little sister went to a family's house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p14-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"a lo de una familia","title":"«a lo de» = 'to someone's place'","body":"«a lo de» is the River Plate way of saying 'to so-and-so's house/place' (where Spain would say «a casa de»). «fuimos a lo de una familia» = 'we went to a family's home'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies después","gloss":"shortly"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fuimos","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of casamos","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of casamos","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"casamos","lemma":"casar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on después","gloss":"married"},{"surface":"fuimos","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"mamá","lemma":"mamá","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of fuimos, coordinated with yo, Hipólita, hermanita","gloss":"Mamá"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"coordinated with mamá","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with mamá","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of hermanita","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"hermanita","lemma":"hermanita","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with mamá","gloss":"little sister"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom 'a lo de'","gloss":"to","note":"'a lo de' is a Rioplatense idiom meaning 'to [someone]'s house/place.'"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"neuter article, part of the idiom 'a lo de'","role":"object of a","gloss":"the place"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom 'a lo de', marking familia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of familia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"familia","lemma":"familia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of de","gloss":"family"}]},{"number":20,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p14-s2","source":"¿Te das cuenta qué memoria la de esa gente?","translation":"Do you realize what a memory those people have?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p14-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Te das cuenta","title":"«darse cuenta (de)»","body":"«darse cuenta de» means 'to realize, to notice'. It is pronominal and idiomatic — never just «dar cuenta» — and the filler «¿te das cuenta?» ('you see?', 'get it?') peppers this whole conversation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of das","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realize"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with das","gloss":"account","note":"'darse cuenta' is an idiom meaning 'to realize.'"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner, exclamative","role":"determiner of memoria","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"memoria","lemma":"memoria","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of das (exclamative complement)","gloss":"memory"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"pronoun referring to memoria, in apposition","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gente","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of de, modifying la","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":21,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p14-s3","source":"Después de diez años reconocieron a Hipólita que fue sirvienta de ellos.","translation":"After ten years they recognized Hipólita, who had been their maid.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p14-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies reconocieron","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking años","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"diez","lemma":"diez","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies años","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"años","lemma":"año","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Después","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"reconocieron","lemma":"reconocer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"recognized"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hipólita","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of reconocieron","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fue","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sirvienta","gloss":"had been"},{"surface":"sirvienta","lemma":"sirvienta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun of fue","gloss":"maid"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ellos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies sirvienta","gloss":"their"}]},{"number":22,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p14-s4","source":"¡Algo que no tiene nombre!","translation":"Something beyond words!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p14-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying Algo","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"nombre","lemma":"nombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"name"}]},{"number":23,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p14-s5","source":"Yo y ella nos vinimos por un camino y mamá y Juana por otro.","translation":"She and I came back one way, and Mamá and Juana another.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p14-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of vinimos","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of vinimos, coordinated with Yo","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of vinimos","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"vinimos","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking camino","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of camino","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"camino","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of vinimos","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mamá","lemma":"mamá","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of implied vinieron (ellipsis), coordinated with Juana","gloss":"Mamá"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Juana","lemma":"Juana","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with mamá","gloss":"Juana"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking otro","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of implied vinieron","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":24,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p14-s6","source":"Toda la historia que yo inventé para justificar mi casamiento, se vino abajo.","translation":"The whole story I had invented to justify my marriage came crashing down.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p14-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"se vino abajo","title":"«venirse abajo»","body":"«venirse abajo» is the idiom 'to collapse, to fall apart' — said of plans, stories, or buildings. The pronominal «venirse» adds the sense of something coming down on its own, all at once."}],"words":[{"surface":"Toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies historia","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of historia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"historia","lemma":"historia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of vino","gloss":"story"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of inventé","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of inventé","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"inventé","lemma":"inventar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying historia","gloss":"had invented"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of justificar","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"justificar","lemma":"justificar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on inventé","gloss":"justify"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of casamiento","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"casamiento","lemma":"casamiento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of justificar","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of vino","gloss":"itself","note":"'venirse abajo' is an idiom meaning 'to collapse/fall apart.'"},{"surface":"vino","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"abajo","lemma":"abajo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vino","gloss":"crashing down"}]},{"number":25,"label":"15","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p15-s1","source":"–¿Y por qué confesó que fue prostituta?","translation":"—And why did she confess she'd been a prostitute?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p15-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the question","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qué","gloss":"for","note":"'por qué' together means 'why.'"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of confesó","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"confesó","lemma":"confesar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"confessed"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of fue","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fue","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to prostituta","gloss":"had been"},{"surface":"prostituta","lemma":"prostituta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun of fue","gloss":"prostitute"}]},{"number":26,"label":"16","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p16-s1","source":"–Un momento de rabia.","translation":"—A flash of rage.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p16-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of momento","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"momento","lemma":"momento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rabia","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"rabia","lemma":"rabia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies momento","gloss":"rage"}]},{"number":27,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p16-s2","source":"¿Pero no tenía razón?","translation":"But wasn't she right?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p16-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tenía razón","title":"«tener razón»","body":"«tener razón» literally 'to have reason' is the fixed way to say 'to be right'. Spanish 'has' rightness rather than 'being' right; «no tenía razón» = 'wasn't she right?' in the imperfect."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the question","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tenía","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tenía","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was","note":"'tener razón' is an idiom meaning 'to be right.'"},{"surface":"razón","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tenía","gloss":"right"}]},{"number":28,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p16-s3","source":"¿No se había regenerado?","translation":"Hadn't she turned her life around?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p16-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies regenerado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of regenerado","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of regenerado","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"regenerado","lemma":"regenerar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned around"}]},{"number":29,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p16-s4","source":"¿No me aguantaba a mí, a mí, que les he sacado canas verdes a ellos?","translation":"Didn't she put up with me, with me, the one who drove them out of their minds?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p16-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sacar canas verdes","title":"«sacar canas verdes»","body":"«sacarle canas verdes a alguien» literally 'to give someone green grey-hairs' is the idiom for driving someone to despair, exasperating them no end. «les he sacado canas verdes a ellos» = 'I've worn them ragged'."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aguantaba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of aguantaba","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"aguantaba","lemma":"aguantar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"put up with"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of aguantaba, emphatic doubling of me","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mí","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"in apposition to the first a mí, emphatic repetition","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sacado","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of sacado","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of sacado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"sacado","lemma":"sacar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"relative clause modifying mí","gloss":"driven"},{"surface":"canas","lemma":"cana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of sacado","gloss":"gray hairs","note":"'sacar canas verdes a alguien' is an idiom meaning 'to drive someone crazy.'"},{"surface":"verdes","lemma":"verde","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies canas","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ellos","gloss":"object marker"},{"surface":"ellos","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"emphatic doubling of les","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":30,"label":"17","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p17-s1","source":"–¿Y cómo te va?","translation":"—And how are things going for you?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p17-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿cómo te va?","title":"«irle a alguien»","body":"«¿cómo te va?» is 'how's it going for you?'. The verb «ir» here is impersonal with an indirect object «te» ('to you') as the experiencer — the subject is the unstated 'it / things', not 'you'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the question","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique complement of va","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of va","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":31,"label":"18","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p18-s1","source":"–Muy bien... La farmacia da setenta pesos diarios.","translation":"—Very well... The pharmacy brings in seventy pesos a day.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p18-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Muy","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bien","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of farmacia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"farmacia","lemma":"farmacia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of da","gloss":"pharmacy"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"brings in"},{"surface":"setenta","lemma":"setenta","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"seventy"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of da","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"diarios","lemma":"diario","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pesos","gloss":"daily"}]},{"number":32,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p18-s2","source":"En Pico no hay otro que conozca la Biblia como yo.","translation":"In Pico there's no one else who knows the Bible the way I do.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p18-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que conozca","title":"Subjunctive after a negated antecedent","body":"«no hay otro que conozca» uses the present subjunctive «conozca» because the relative clause modifies a denied, indefinite person ('no one who knows'). When the antecedent doesn't exist or is uncertain, Spanish switches the relative verb to the subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Pico","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Pico","lemma":"Pico","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of hay","gloss":"Pico"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hay","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hay","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of conozca","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"conozca","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying otro","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Biblia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Biblia","lemma":"Biblia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of conozca","gloss":"Bible"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of yo","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"oblique complement of conozca","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":33,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p18-s3","source":"Lo desafié al cura a una controversia y no quiso agarrar viaje.","translation":"I challenged the priest to a debate and he wouldn't take me up on it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p18-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no quiso","title":"Preterite «no quiso» = 'refused'","body":"In the preterite, negated «querer» means 'refused': «no quiso» = 'he refused, he wouldn't'. The imperfect «no quería» would merely report a state of not wanting; the preterite reports the act of refusing."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"agarrar viaje","title":"«agarrar viaje» (lunfardo)","body":"«agarrar viaje» is River Plate slang for taking up an offer, going along with a proposal — 'to bite, to take the bait'. «no quiso agarrar viaje» = 'he wouldn't take me up on it'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of desafié","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"desafié","lemma":"desafiar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"I challenged"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cura","gloss":"the","note":"Clitic doubling: Lo already means 'him'; al cura repeats the object (a + el) for emphasis, common in colloquial Argentine speech — don't read al as 'to.'"},{"surface":"cura","lemma":"cura","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of desafié","gloss":"priest"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking controversia","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of controversia","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"controversia","lemma":"controversia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of desafié","gloss":"debate"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies quiso","gloss":"didn't"},{"surface":"quiso","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with desafié","gloss":"want to"},{"surface":"agarrar","lemma":"agarrar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiso","gloss":"take up"},{"surface":"viaje","lemma":"viaje","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of agarrar","gloss":"on it","note":"Agarrar viaje is a Rioplatense idiom meaning to take the bait, to go along with a challenge — literally 'to catch a ride.'"}]},{"number":34,"label":"19","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p19-s1","source":"Erdosain miró repentinamente esperanzado a su extraño amigo.","translation":"Erdosain suddenly looked at his strange friend with hope.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p19-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of miró","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"miró","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"repentinamente","lemma":"repentinamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies esperanzado","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"esperanzado","lemma":"esperanzado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies miró","gloss":"hopeful","note":"Esperanzado is a predicate adjective describing Erdosain's state as he looked, not a noun — 'he looked, [suddenly] hopeful, at...'"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amigo","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of amigo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"extraño","lemma":"extraño","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies amigo","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"amigo","lemma":"amigo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of miró","gloss":"friend"}]},{"number":35,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p19-s2","source":"Luego le preguntó:","translation":"Then he asked him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p19-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies preguntó","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of preguntó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"preguntó","lemma":"preguntar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"asked"}]},{"number":36,"label":"20","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p20-s1","source":"–¿Jugás siempre?","translation":"—Do you still gamble?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p20-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"¿Jugás?","title":"Voseo verb form «jugás»","body":"«jugás» is the voseo present of «jugar» — where standard Spanish has «juegas» (with the stem change «ue»), voseo keeps the stem and stresses the ending: «jugás». This «-ás/-és/-ís» ending is the giveaway of porteño «vos» conjugation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jugás","lemma":"jugar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular (voseo)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you gamble","note":"Jugás is the voseo present-tense form (vos jugás = tú juegas), typical of Argentine Spanish."},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Jugás","gloss":"still"}]},{"number":37,"label":"21","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p21-s1","source":"–Sí, y Jesús, por mi mucha inocencia, me ha revelado el secreto de la ruleta.","translation":"—Yes, and Jesus, because of my great innocence, has revealed the secret of the roulette wheel to me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p21-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"affirmative interjection opening the reply","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Jesús","lemma":"Jesús","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of revelado","gloss":"Jesus"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking inocencia","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"mi","lemma":"mi","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of inocencia","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"mucha","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies inocencia","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"inocencia","lemma":"inocencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of revelado","gloss":"innocence"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of revelado","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of revelado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"revelado","lemma":"revelar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"revealed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of secreto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"secreto","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of revelado","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ruleta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ruleta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ruleta","lemma":"ruleta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies secreto","gloss":"roulette wheel"}]},{"number":38,"label":"22","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p22-s1","source":"–¿Qué es eso?","translation":"—What is that?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p22-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"interrogative complement of es","gloss":"What"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking Qué to eso","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":39,"label":"23","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p23-s1","source":"–Vos no sabes... el gran secreto... una ley de sincronismo estático...","translation":"—You don't know... the great secret... a law of static synchronism...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p23-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vos","lemma":"vos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, second-person, singular (voseo)","role":"subject of sabes","gloss":"You","note":"Vos is the Argentine second-person singular pronoun (voseo), equivalent to tú."},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sabes","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"sabes","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of secreto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"gran","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies secreto","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"secreto","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sabes","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ley","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ley","lemma":"ley","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to secreto","gloss":"law"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sincronismo","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sincronismo","lemma":"sincronismo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ley","gloss":"synchronism"},{"surface":"estático","lemma":"estático","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sincronismo","gloss":"static"}]},{"number":40,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p23-s2","source":"Ya fui dos veces a Montevideo y gané mucho dinero, pero esta noche salimos con Hipólita para hacer saltar la banca.","translation":"I've already gone to Montevideo twice and won a lot of money, but tonight Hipólita and I are heading out to break the bank.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p23-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hacer saltar la banca","title":"«hacer saltar la banca»","body":"«hacer saltar la banca» is the gambling idiom 'to break the bank' — to win so much the house's reserve is exhausted. «saltar» here means 'to blow up / burst', not 'to jump'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ya","lemma":"ya","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fui","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"fui","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies veces","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of fui","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Montevideo","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Montevideo","lemma":"Montevideo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of fui","gloss":"Montevideo"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gané","lemma":"ganar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with fui","gloss":"won"},{"surface":"mucho","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"a lot of"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of gané","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noche","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"noche","lemma":"noche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of salimos","gloss":"tonight"},{"surface":"salimos","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"coordinated with fui","gloss":"are heading out"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Hipólita","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Hipólita","lemma":"Hipólita","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of salimos","gloss":"Hipólita"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on salimos","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"saltar","lemma":"saltar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacer","gloss":"burst","note":"Hacer saltar la banca = 'to break the bank,' literally 'to make the bank jump/burst.'"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of banca","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"banca","lemma":"banca","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of saltar","gloss":"bank"}]},{"number":41,"label":"24","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p24-s1","source":"Y de pronto lanzó la embrollada explicación:","translation":"And all at once he launched into the tangled explanation:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p24-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous sentence","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies lanzó","gloss":"all at"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"lanzó","lemma":"lanzar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"launched"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of explicación","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"embrollada","lemma":"embrollado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies explicación","gloss":"tangled"},{"surface":"explicación","lemma":"explicación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of lanzó","gloss":"explanation"}]},{"number":42,"label":"25","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p25-s1","source":"–Mirá, le jugás hipotéticamente una cantidad a las tres primeras bolas, una a cada docena.","translation":"—Look, you bet a certain amount hypothetically on the first three balls, one on each dozen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p25-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Mirá","title":"Voseo imperative «mirá»","body":"«mirá» is the affirmative «vos» command of «mirar» ('look'), formed by dropping the «-r» of the infinitive and accenting the last vowel: «mirar» → «mirá». Compare standard «mira». The bare voseo imperative is oxytone: «mirá», «decí», «fijá». Once enclitics attach, stress shifts to the penultimate syllable: «fijate» (fi-JA-te) and «decíme» (de-CÍ-me) are paroxytone. These forms mark porteño speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mirá","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular (voseo)","role":"imperative interjection opening the sentence","gloss":"Look","note":"Mirá is the voseo imperative of mirar (Look!), equivalent to standard Mira."},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of jugás, anticipating bolas","gloss":"it","note":"Idiomatic dative in jugarle a algo ('to bet on something') — le doesn't translate independently; it anticipates a las bolas."},{"surface":"jugás","lemma":"jugar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular (voseo)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you bet"},{"surface":"hipotéticamente","lemma":"hipotéticamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jugás","gloss":"hypothetically"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cantidad","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cantidad","lemma":"cantidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of jugás","gloss":"amount"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bolas","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of bolas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies las","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"primeras","lemma":"primero","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies bolas","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"bolas","lemma":"bola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of jugás","gloss":"balls"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to cantidad","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking docena","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"cada","lemma":"cada","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of docena","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"docena","lemma":"docena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of jugás","gloss":"dozen"}]},{"number":43,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p25-s2","source":"Si no salen tres docenas distintas se produce forzosamente el desequilibrio.","translation":"If three different dozens don't come up, the imbalance is inevitably produced.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p25-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of salen","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies salen","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"salen","lemma":"salir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on produce","gloss":"come up"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies docenas","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"docenas","lemma":"docena","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of salen","gloss":"dozens"},{"surface":"distintas","lemma":"distinto","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies docenas","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of produce","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"produce","lemma":"producir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"produced"},{"surface":"forzosamente","lemma":"forzosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies produce","gloss":"inevitably"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of desequilibrio","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desequilibrio","lemma":"desequilibrio","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of produce","gloss":"imbalance"}]},{"number":44,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p25-s3","source":"Marcas, entonces, con un punto la docena salida.","translation":"You then mark the dozen that came up with a dot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p25-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Marcas","lemma":"marcar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mark"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Marcas","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking punto","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of punto","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"punto","lemma":"punto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Marcas","gloss":"dot"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of docena","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"docena","lemma":"docena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Marcas","gloss":"dozen"},{"surface":"salida","lemma":"salido","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies docena","gloss":"that came up","note":"Salida here is the past participle of salir used as an adjective: 'the dozen that came up,' not a noun."}]},{"number":45,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p25-s4","source":"Para las tres bolas que siguen quedará igual la docena que marcaste.","translation":"For the next three balls the dozen you marked will stay the same.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p25-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bolas","gloss":"For"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of bolas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies las","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"bolas","lemma":"bola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of quedará","gloss":"balls"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of siguen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"siguen","lemma":"seguir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying bolas","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"quedará","lemma":"quedar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will stay"},{"surface":"igual","lemma":"igual","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of quedará","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of docena","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"docena","lemma":"docena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of quedará","gloss":"dozen"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of marcaste","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"marcaste","lemma":"marcar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"clause modifying docena","gloss":"you marked"}]},{"number":46,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p25-s5","source":"Claro está que el cero no se cuenta y que jugás a las docenas en series de tres bolas.","translation":"It's clear, of course, that zero doesn't count and that you bet on the dozens in series of three balls.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p25-s5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of está","gloss":"Clear"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cuenta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cero","lemma":"cero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cuenta","gloss":"zero"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cuenta","gloss":"doesn't"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of cuenta","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"contar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of está","gloss":"counted"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of jugás","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jugás","lemma":"jugar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular (voseo)","role":"coordinated with cuenta","gloss":"you bet"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking docenas","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of docenas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"docenas","lemma":"docena","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of jugás","gloss":"dozens"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking series","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"series","lemma":"serie","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of jugás","gloss":"series"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bolas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies bolas","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"bolas","lemma":"bola","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies series","gloss":"balls"}]},{"number":47,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p25-s6","source":"Aumentas entonces una unidad en la docena que no tiene alguna cruz, disminuís en una, quiero decir, en dos unidades la docena que tiene tres cruces, y esta sola base te permite deducir la unidad menor que las mayores y se juega la diferencia a la docena o a las docenas que resulten.","translation":"You then add one unit to the dozen that has no cross, you take away by one, I mean by two units, from the dozen that has three crosses, and this single basis lets you deduce the lesser unit from the greater ones, and the difference is bet on whichever dozen or dozens come out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p25-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"disminuís","title":"Voseo form «disminuís»","body":"«disminuís» is the voseo present of «disminuir» ('to decrease'), with the stressed «-ís» ending typical of «-ir» verbs in voseo. Arlt mixes voseo («jugás», «disminuís») and standard forms («aumentas», «marcas») in Ergueta's rambling, half-coherent monologue."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aumentas","lemma":"aumentar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"you add"},{"surface":"entonces","lemma":"entonces","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Aumentas","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of unidad","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"unidad","lemma":"unidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Aumentas","gloss":"unit"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking docena","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of docena","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"docena","lemma":"docena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of Aumentas","gloss":"dozen"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"doesn't"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying docena","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"alguna","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cruz","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"cruz","lemma":"cruz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"cross"},{"surface":"disminuís","lemma":"disminuir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular (voseo)","role":"coordinated with Aumentas","gloss":"you take away"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking una","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of disminuís","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"quiero","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of parenthetical clause","gloss":"I mean","note":"Quiero decir is a fixed parenthetical meaning 'I mean' — it interrupts the sentence to correct 'by one' to 'by two units.'"},{"surface":"decir","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of quiero","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking unidades","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies unidades","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"unidades","lemma":"unidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of disminuís","gloss":"units"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of docena","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"docena","lemma":"docena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of disminuís","gloss":"dozen"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying docena","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"tres","lemma":"tres","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies cruces","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"cruces","lemma":"cruz","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"crosses"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"esta","lemma":"este","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of base","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sola","lemma":"solo","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies base","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"base","lemma":"base","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of permite","gloss":"basis"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of permite","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"permite","lemma":"permitir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Aumentas","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"deducir","lemma":"deducir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of permite","gloss":"deduce"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of unidad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"unidad","lemma":"unidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of deducir","gloss":"unit"},{"surface":"menor","lemma":"menor","morphology":"adjective, singular, comparative","role":"modifies unidad","gloss":"lesser"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with mayores","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of mayores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mayores","lemma":"mayor","morphology":"adjective, plural, comparative","role":"comparative complement of menor","gloss":"greater ones"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of juega","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"juega","lemma":"jugar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with permite","gloss":"bet"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of diferencia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"diferencia","lemma":"diferencia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of juega","gloss":"difference"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking docena","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of docena","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"docena","lemma":"docena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of juega","gloss":"dozen"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking docenas","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of docenas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"docenas","lemma":"docena","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with docena","gloss":"dozens"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of resulten","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"resulten","lemma":"resultar","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying docenas","gloss":"come out"}]},{"number":48,"label":"26","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p26-s1","source":"Erdosain no había entendido.","translation":"Erdosain had not understood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p26-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of entendido","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies entendido","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"había","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of entendido","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"entendido","lemma":"entender","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understood"}]},{"number":49,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p26-s2","source":"Contenía su deseo de reír a medida que su esperanza crecía, pues era indudable que Ergueta estaba loco.","translation":"He held back his urge to laugh as his hope grew, for there was no doubt Ergueta was mad.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p26-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"a medida que","title":"«a medida que» = 'as / in proportion as'","body":"«a medida que» introduces two changes happening in step: 'as his hope grew, he held back his laughter'. It stresses gradual, parallel progression, stronger than a plain «mientras» ('while')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Contenía","lemma":"contener","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of deseo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"deseo","lemma":"deseo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Contenía","gloss":"urge"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of reír","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"reír","lemma":"reír","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying deseo","gloss":"laugh"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of crecía","gloss":"as","note":"A medida que is a fixed phrase meaning 'as/while,' literally 'to the measure that.'"},{"surface":"medida","lemma":"medida","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"measure"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esperanza","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"esperanza","lemma":"esperanza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of crecía","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"crecía","lemma":"crecer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Contenía","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"pues","lemma":"pues","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of indudable","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"era","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to indudable","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"indudable","lemma":"indudable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of era","gloss":"doubtless"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of loco","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of loco","gloss":"Ergueta"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to loco","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estaba","gloss":"mad"}]},{"number":50,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p26-s3","source":"Por eso replicó:","translation":"So he replied:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p26-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eso","gloss":"So","note":"Por eso = 'so/that's why,' literally 'for that.'"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique complement of replicó","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"replicó","lemma":"replicar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"replied"}]},{"number":51,"label":"27","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p27-s1","source":"–Jesús sabe revelar esos secretos a los que tienen el alma llena de santidad.","translation":"—Jesus knows how to reveal such secrets to those whose souls are full of holiness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p27-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jesús","lemma":"Jesús","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"Jesus"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows how"},{"surface":"revelar","lemma":"revelar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sabe","gloss":"to reveal"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of secretos","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"secretos","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of revelar","gloss":"secrets"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of que","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tienen","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tienen","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying los","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"the","note":"El (not la) is used before alma because it starts with a stressed a-; alma is still grammatically feminine."},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tienen","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"llena","lemma":"lleno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking santidad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"santidad","lemma":"santidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"holiness"}]},{"number":52,"label":"28","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p28-s1","source":"–Y también a los idiotas –arguyó Ergueta clavando en él una mirada burlona, a medida que guiñaba el párpado izquierdo–.","translation":"—And to idiots too —argued Ergueta, fixing a mocking gaze on him as he winked his left eyelid—.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p28-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"arguyó","title":"Spelling of «arguyó»","body":"«arguyó» is the preterite of «argüir» ('to argue, to retort'). The stem is unchanged (argu-); it is the «i» of the ending «-ió» that becomes «y» between vowels: «argu-» + «-ió» → «arguyó». This is a regular orthographic shift in «-uir» verbs (compare «huyó», «distribuyó»). The dashes set off the narrator's tag inside the line of dialogue."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking idiotas","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of idiotas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"idiotas","lemma":"idiota","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"oblique complement of revelar","gloss":"idiots","note":"Elliptical continuation of the previous line: '[Jesús revela secretos] también a los idiotas' — 'to idiots too.'"},{"surface":"arguyó","lemma":"arguir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"argued"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of arguyó","gloss":"Ergueta"},{"surface":"clavando","lemma":"clavar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on arguyó","gloss":"fixing"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking él","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"él","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of clavando","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mirada","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mirada","lemma":"mirada","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of clavando","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"burlona","lemma":"burlón","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mirada","gloss":"mocking"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of guiñaba","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"medida","lemma":"medida","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"measure"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase a","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"guiñaba","lemma":"guiñar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on clavando","gloss":"winked"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of párpado","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"párpado","lemma":"párpado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of guiñaba","gloss":"eyelid"},{"surface":"izquierdo","lemma":"izquierdo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies párpado","gloss":"left"}]},{"number":53,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p28-s2","source":"Desde que yo me ocupo de esas cosas misteriosas, he hecho macanas grandes como casas, por ejemplo, casarme con esa atorranta...","translation":"Ever since I started dealing with those mysterious matters, I've made blunders as big as houses — for instance, marrying that tramp...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p28-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"macanas","title":"«macana» (lunfardo)","body":"«macana» is lunfardo for a blunder, a foolish mistake or a lie; «hacer una macana» = 'to mess up'. «macanas grandes como casas» ('blunders as big as houses') is Ergueta's own self-mocking hyperbole."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"atorranta","title":"«atorranta» (lunfardo)","body":"«atorrante/a» is Buenos Aires slang for a bum, a layabout — and of a woman, a loose or shameless one, 'tramp'. It is one of lunfardo's most characteristic insults."}],"words":[{"surface":"Desde","lemma":"desde","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ocupo","gloss":"Since"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ocupo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of ocupo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive, singular","role":"reflexive particle of ocupo","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ocupo","lemma":"ocupar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hecho","gloss":"deal with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cosas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of ocupo","gloss":"matters"},{"surface":"misteriosas","lemma":"misterioso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cosas","gloss":"mysterious"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of hecho","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"macanas","lemma":"macana","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of hecho","gloss":"blunders","note":"Macana is Rioplatense slang for 'blunder/mistake,' literally an old word for a wooden club."},{"surface":"grandes","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies macanas","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"como","lemma":"como","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of casas","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"casas","lemma":"casa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"comparative complement of grandes","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies casarme","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ejemplo","lemma":"ejemplo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase por","gloss":"example"},{"surface":"casarme","lemma":"casarse","morphology":"verb, infinitive, reflexive","role":"in apposition to macanas","gloss":"marrying"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking atorranta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of atorranta","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"atorranta","lemma":"atorranta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of casarme","gloss":"tramp","note":"Atorranta is Rioplatense slang, roughly 'tramp/floozy,' from atorrante ('vagrant')."}]},{"number":54,"label":"29","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p29-s1","source":"–¿Y sos feliz con ella?","translation":"—And are you happy with her?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p29-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sos","title":"Voseo «sos» = 'you are'","body":"«sos» is the voseo present of «ser» — the porteño equivalent of «eres» ('you are'). It is the single most recognizable marker of Río de la Plata speech: «¿sos feliz?» = 'are you happy?'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous line","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular (voseo)","role":"copula linking to feliz","gloss":"are","note":"Sos is the voseo present tense of ser (vos sos = tú eres)."},{"surface":"feliz","lemma":"feliz","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of sos","gloss":"happy"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ella","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ella","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of feliz","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":55,"label":"30","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p30-s1","source":"–...creer en la bondad de la gente, cuando todo el mundo lo que tira es a hundirlo a uno y hacerle fama de loco...","translation":"—...believing in people's goodness, when all anybody pulls for is to sink you and brand you a madman...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p30-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hundirlo a uno","title":"Impersonal «uno»","body":"«uno» works as an impersonal 'one / you (in general)': «hundirlo a uno» = 'to sink you, to drag a person down'. The doubled object («-lo a uno») restates the impersonal pronoun, a colloquial reinforcement."}],"words":[{"surface":"creer","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence (used absolutely, 'believing')","gloss":"believing"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bondad","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bondad","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bondad","lemma":"bondad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of the preposition en, complement of creer","gloss":"goodness"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gente","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition de, complement of bondad","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the adverbial clause on creer","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"todo","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mundo","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tira","gloss":"world","note":"'todo el mundo' is the idiom for 'everybody'."},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que (antecedent) with que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of tira, completes lo que","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"tira","lemma":"tirar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause lo que...tira","gloss":"pulls for"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking lo que tira to hundirlo (complement)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitival complement of es","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hundirlo","lemma":"hundir él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"sink him"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking uno","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"uno","lemma":"uno","morphology":"pronoun, indefinite, singular","role":"direct object of hundirlo (doubled by lo)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hacerle","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with hundirlo","gloss":"make him"},{"surface":"fama","lemma":"fama","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hacerle","gloss":"reputation"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking loco","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies fama","gloss":"madman"}]},{"number":56,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p30-s2","source":"Erdosain, impaciente, frunció el ceño, luego:","translation":"Erdosain, impatient, frowned, then said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p30-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"frunció el ceño","title":"«fruncir el ceño»","body":"«fruncir el ceño» is the set phrase 'to frown, to knit one's brow' — «el ceño» being the brow or the wrinkle between the eyebrows. «frunció» is the preterite, a single completed gesture."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of frunció","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"impaciente","lemma":"impaciente","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Erdosain","gloss":"impatient"},{"surface":"frunció","lemma":"fruncir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"frowned"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ceño","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ceño","lemma":"ceño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of frunció","gloss":"brow"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the implied verb of speech (then said)","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":57,"label":"31","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p31-s1","source":"–¿Cómo no querés que te tengan por loco?","translation":"—How do you expect them not to take you for a madman?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p31-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que te tengan","title":"Subjunctive after «querer que»","body":"«querer que» ('to want that') forces the subjunctive in the clause that follows: «querés que te tengan» = 'you want them to take you'. Whenever one subject's wish bears on another subject's action, Spanish uses the subjunctive («tengan»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"modifies querés","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies querés","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"querés","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tengan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of tengan","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tengan","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of querés","gloss":"consider","note":"'tener a alguien por + adj' = to take/consider someone as."},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking loco","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of tengan (via por)","gloss":"madman"}]},{"number":58,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p31-s2","source":"Vos fuiste, según tus propias palabras, un gran pecador.","translation":"You were, by your own words, a great sinner.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p31-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vos","lemma":"vos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, second-person, singular","role":"subject of fuiste","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"fuiste","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"según","lemma":"según","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking palabras","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"tus","lemma":"tu","morphology":"determiner, possessive, plural","role":"determiner of palabras","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"propias","lemma":"propio","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies palabras","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"palabras","lemma":"palabra","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of preposition según","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pecador","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pecador","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"pecador","lemma":"pecador","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of fuiste","gloss":"sinner"}]},{"number":59,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p31-s3","source":"Y de pronto te convertís, te casas con una prostituta porque eso está escrito en la Biblia; hablas a la gente del cuarto sello y del caballo amarillo... claro... la gente tiene que creer que estás loco porque esas cosas no las conoces ni por las tapas.","translation":"And all at once you convert, you marry a prostitute because that is written in the Bible; you talk to people about the fourth seal and the yellow horse... of course... people have to believe you're crazy because you don't know the first thing about those matters.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p31-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ni por las tapas","title":"«no conocer ni por las tapas»","body":"«no conocer algo ni por las tapas» literally 'not to know it even by the covers' (as of a book) is the idiom 'not to have the faintest idea about it'. «no las conoces ni por las tapas» = 'you don't know the first thing about them'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the sentence to what precedes","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the adverbial phrase de pronto","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the adverbial phrase de pronto, modifies convertís","gloss":"once","note":"'de pronto' = suddenly, all at once."},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of convertís","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"convertís","lemma":"convertir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"verb of the first clause, coordinated with casas","gloss":"convert"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of casas","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"casas","lemma":"casar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"verb of the second clause, coordinated with convertís","gloss":"marry"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prostituta","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of prostituta","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"prostituta","lemma":"prostituta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition con, complement of casas","gloss":"prostitute"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of escrito","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to escrito","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"escrito","lemma":"escrito","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of está","gloss":"written"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Biblia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Biblia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Biblia","lemma":"Biblia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of escrito","gloss":"Bible"},{"surface":"hablas","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause after the semicolon","gloss":"talk"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gente","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hablas","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sello","gloss":"about the"},{"surface":"cuarto","lemma":"cuarto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sello","gloss":"fourth"},{"surface":"sello","lemma":"sello","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition del, complement of hablas","gloss":"seal"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caballo","gloss":"about the"},{"surface":"caballo","lemma":"caballo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with sello","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"amarillo","lemma":"amarillo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies caballo","gloss":"yellow"},{"surface":"claro","lemma":"claro","morphology":"interjection","role":"stands alone as an interjection","gloss":"of course"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links tiene to creer (tener que = have to)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"creer","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of tiene (tener que + infinitive)","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estás","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estás","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to loco","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estás","gloss":"crazy"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of conoces","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"esas","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of cosas","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"cosas","lemma":"cosa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of conoces (fronted, doubled by las)","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies conoces","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of conoces (doubles cosas)","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"conoces","lemma":"conocer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the porque-clause","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"reinforces no (ni... = not even)","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tapas","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of tapas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tapas","lemma":"tapa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of preposition por, idiom with conoces","gloss":"covers","note":"'ni por las tapas' = not even superficially (lit. 'not even by the covers [of a book]') — you don't know the first thing about it."}]},{"number":60,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p31-s4","source":"¿A mí no me tienen también por loco porque he dicho que habría de instalar una tintorería para perros y metalizar los puños de las camisas?...","translation":"Don't they take me for a madman too, because I've said I would set up a dry-cleaner's for dogs and metal-plate shirt cuffs?...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p31-s4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"habría de instalar","title":"«haber de» + infinitive","body":"«haber de» + infinitive expresses something one is to do or bound to do: «habría de instalar» = 'I would set up / was going to set up'. It is a softer, more literary way of marking intention or future obligation than «iba a»."}],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphatic preposition doubling me","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, first-person, singular","role":"emphatic pronoun doubling me (object of tienen)","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tienen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, first-person, singular","role":"direct object of tienen (doubled by a mí)","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"tienen","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"también","lemma":"también","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tienen","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking loco","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of tienen (tener por = take for)","gloss":"madman"},{"surface":"porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dicho","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of dicho","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"dicho","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the porque-clause","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of instalar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"habría","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of instalar (habría de = would)","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the periphrasis habría de (would have to)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"instalar","lemma":"instalar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of habría de","gloss":"set up"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tintorería","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tintorería","lemma":"tintorería","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of instalar","gloss":"dry-cleaner's"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking perros","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"perros","lemma":"perro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of preposition para, modifies tintorería","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"metalizar","lemma":"metalizar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with instalar","gloss":"metal-plate"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of puños","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puños","lemma":"puño","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of metalizar","gloss":"cuffs"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking camisas","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of camisas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"camisas","lemma":"camisa","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of preposition de, modifies puños","gloss":"shirts"}]},{"number":61,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p31-s5","source":"Pero yo no creo que estés loco.","translation":"But I don't think you're crazy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p31-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no creo que estés","title":"Subjunctive after «no creer que»","body":"Negating «creer» ('to think, to believe') triggers the subjunctive in its clause: «no creo que estés loco» = 'I don't think you're crazy'. The doubt introduced by the negation is what calls for «estés» rather than the indicative «estás»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the sentence to what precedes","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of creo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"creo","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of loco","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estés","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to loco","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"loco","lemma":"loco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estés","gloss":"crazy"}]},{"number":62,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p31-s6","source":"No, no lo creo.","translation":"No, I don't think so.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p31-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"stands alone as the answer","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies creo","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of creo","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"creo","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"}]},{"number":63,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p31-s7","source":"Lo que hay en vos es un exceso de vida, de caridad y de amor al prójimo.","translation":"What is in you is an excess of life, of charity and of love for your fellow man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p31-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que (antecedent) with que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"completes lo que; complement of hay","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause lo que hay","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vos","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"vos","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, second-person, singular","role":"object of preposition en, complement of hay","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (copula)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of exceso","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"exceso","lemma":"exceso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"excess"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vida","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies exceso","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caridad","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"caridad","lemma":"caridad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with vida","gloss":"charity"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amor","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"amor","lemma":"amor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with caridad","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prójimo","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"prójimo","lemma":"prójimo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition al, complement of amor","gloss":"fellow man"}]},{"number":64,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p31-s8","source":"Ahora, eso de que Jesús te haya revelado el secreto de la ruleta me parece medio absurdo...","translation":"Now, this business of Jesus having revealed the roulette secret to you strikes me as rather absurd...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p31-s8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"eso de que ... haya revelado","title":"Subjunctive after a doubting frame","body":"«eso de que... me parece absurdo» frames the claim as something the speaker doubts, so the verb goes to the perfect subjunctive «haya revelado» ('having revealed'). Spanish marks the unreal or questioned status of the event grammatically."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ahora","lemma":"ahora","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies parece","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of parece","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause modifying eso","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of revelado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Jesús","lemma":"Jesús","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of revelado","gloss":"Jesus"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of revelado","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"haya","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of revelado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"revelado","lemma":"revelar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying eso","gloss":"revealed"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of secreto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"secreto","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of revelado","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ruleta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ruleta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ruleta","lemma":"ruleta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies secreto","gloss":"roulette"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of parece","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"parece","lemma":"parecer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"medio","lemma":"medio","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies absurdo","gloss":"rather","note":"Colloquial 'medio' before an adjective = 'kind of/rather', not 'half'."},{"surface":"absurdo","lemma":"absurdo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of parece","gloss":"absurd"}]},{"number":65,"label":"32","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p32-s1","source":"–Cinco mil pesos gané en las dos veces...","translation":"—Five thousand pesos I won the two times...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p32-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cinco","lemma":"cinco","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"Five"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with Cinco","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of gané (fronted)","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"gané","lemma":"ganar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"won"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking veces","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of veces","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies veces","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"veces","lemma":"vez","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of gané","gloss":"times"}]},{"number":66,"label":"33","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p33-s1","source":"–Pongamos que sea cierto.","translation":"—Let's say that it's true.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p33-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Pongamos que sea","title":"«pongamos que» + subjunctive","body":"«pongamos que» ('let's suppose that') opens a hypothesis, so it takes the subjunctive «sea» ('it be / it is, supposing'). The «nosotros» command «pongamos» itself ('let's put / let's say') is a subjunctive form used as an exhortation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pongamos","lemma":"poner","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Let's say"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of cierto","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sea","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cierto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"cierto","lemma":"cierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clausal complement of Pongamos","gloss":"true"}]},{"number":67,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p33-s2","source":"Pero lo que te salva a vos no es el secreto de la ruleta, sino el hecho de tener una hermosa alma.","translation":"But what saves you is not the roulette secret, it's the fact of having a beautiful soul.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p33-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"no... sino","title":"«no... sino» = 'not... but rather'","body":"«sino» corrects a negated statement: «no es X, sino Y» = 'it's not X, but rather Y'. It differs from «pero»; «sino» substitutes one thing for the rejected one, instead of just adding a contrast."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the sentence to what precedes","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que (antecedent) with que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of salva","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of salva","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"salva","lemma":"salvar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause lo que...salva","gloss":"saves"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphatic preposition doubling te","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"vos","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, second-person, singular","role":"emphatic pronoun doubling te (object of salva)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (copula)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of secreto","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"secreto","lemma":"secreto","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ruleta","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ruleta","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ruleta","lemma":"ruleta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies secreto","gloss":"roulette"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the contrasting complement (sino = but rather)","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hecho","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hecho","lemma":"hecho","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es (elided), contrasted via sino","gloss":"fact"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tener","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tener","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying hecho","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hermosa","lemma":"hermoso","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies alma","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tener","gloss":"soul"}]},{"number":68,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p33-s3","source":"Sos capaz de hacer el bien, de emocionarte ante un hombre que está a las puertas de la cárcel...","translation":"You're capable of doing good, of being moved before a man standing at the gates of prison...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p33-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to capaz","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"capaz","lemma":"capaz","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of Sos","gloss":"capable"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying capaz","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bien","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of emocionarte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"emocionarte","lemma":"emocionar tú","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"second clause modifying capaz, coordinated with hacer","gloss":"being moved"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombre","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of emocionarte","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of está","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puertas","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of puertas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"puertas","lemma":"puerta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of está","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cárcel","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cárcel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cárcel","lemma":"cárcel","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies puertas","gloss":"prison"}]},{"number":69,"label":"34","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p34-s1","source":"–Eso sí que es verdad –interrumpió Ergueta–.","translation":"—That much really is true —Ergueta interrupted—.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p34-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Eso sí que","title":"Emphatic «sí que»","body":"«sí que» is an emphatic affirmation: «eso sí que es verdad» = 'that really IS true', 'that part is true'. The «sí» (with accent) is the affirmative adverb, and «que» reinforces it — quite distinct from the conditional «si» ('if')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Eso","lemma":"eso","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies the statement (sí que = really)","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the intensifier sí que","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to verdad","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"verdad","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"interrumpió","lemma":"interrumpir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the attribution clause","gloss":"interrupted"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of interrumpió","gloss":"Ergueta"}]},{"number":70,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p34-s2","source":"Fíjate que hay otro farmacéutico en el pueblo que es un tacaño viejo.","translation":"Take note that there's another pharmacist in town who's an old skinflint.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p34-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Fíjate","title":"«fijarse» as 'to notice'","body":"«fijarse (en/que)» is the pronominal verb 'to pay attention, to notice'. The command «fíjate que...» ('note that...', 'get this...') is a conversational opener. Here Arlt uses «fíjate» rather than the voseo «fijate», mixing registers in Ergueta's speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fíjate","lemma":"fijarse","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Take note"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hay","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Fíjate","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of farmacéutico","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"farmacéutico","lemma":"farmacéutico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of hay","gloss":"pharmacist"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pueblo","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pueblo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pueblo","lemma":"pueblo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of hay","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of es","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to tacaño","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tacaño","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tacaño","lemma":"tacaño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"skinflint"},{"surface":"viejo","lemma":"viejo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tacaño","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":71,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p34-s3","source":"El hijo le robó cinco mil pesos... y después vino a pedirme un consejo.","translation":"The son stole five thousand pesos from him... and then came to ask me for advice.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p34-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hijo","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"hijo","lemma":"hijo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of robó","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of robó","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"robó","lemma":"robar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stole"},{"surface":"cinco","lemma":"cinco","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"mil","lemma":"mil","morphology":"numeral","role":"compound with cinco","gloss":"thousand"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of robó","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"después","lemma":"después","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vino","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"vino","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with robó","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pedirme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pedirme","lemma":"pedir yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of vino","gloss":"ask me"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of consejo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"consejo","lemma":"consejo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pedirme","gloss":"advice"}]},{"number":72,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p34-s4","source":"¿Sabes lo que le aconsejé yo?","translation":"Do you know what I advised him?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p34-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabes","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que (antecedent) with que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of aconsejé, completes lo que","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of aconsejé","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"aconsejé","lemma":"aconsejar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of Sabes","gloss":"advised"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of aconsejé","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":73,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p34-s5","source":"Que lo amenazara al padre con hacerlo meter preso por vender cocaína si lo denunciaba.","translation":"That he threaten his father with having him locked up for selling cocaine if the father turned him in.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p34-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Que lo amenazara","title":"Imperfect subjunctive in reported advice","body":"«amenazara» is the imperfect subjunctive of «amenazar», governed by the implied past «le aconsejé que...» ('I advised him that...'). When the main verb of advising is in the past, its subjunctive clause takes the imperfect subjunctive («-ara/-iera»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of amenazara","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of amenazara (doubled by al padre)","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"amenazara","lemma":"amenazar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the que-clause (continues the advice from aconsejé)","gloss":"threaten"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of amenazara (doubles lo)","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacerlo","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"hacerlo","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on amenazara","gloss":"having him"},{"surface":"meter","lemma":"meter","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of hacerlo","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"preso","lemma":"preso","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of meter, describing the causee 'lo' (not meter's direct object)","gloss":"locked up"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of vender","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"vender","lemma":"vender","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on meter","gloss":"selling"},{"surface":"cocaína","lemma":"cocaína","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of vender","gloss":"cocaine"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of denunciaba","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of denunciaba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"denunciaba","lemma":"denunciar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the si-clause","gloss":"turned in"}]},{"number":74,"label":"35","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p35-s1","source":"–¿Ves cómo te comprendo yo?","translation":"—You see how well I understand you?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p35-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ves","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"modifies comprendo","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of comprendo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"comprendo","lemma":"comprender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by cómo","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of comprendo","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":75,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p35-s2","source":"Vos querías salvar el alma del viejo haciéndole cometer un pecado al hijo, pecado del que éste se arrepentiría toda la vida.","translation":"You wanted to save the old man's soul by making the son commit a sin, a sin the son would repent of all his life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p35-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"haciéndole cometer","title":"Causative «hacer» + infinitive","body":"«hacer» + infinitive is causative: «hacerle cometer un pecado» = 'to make him commit a sin'. The person made to act appears as an indirect object («-le»), and the gerund «haciéndole» means 'by making him'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vos","lemma":"vos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, second-person, singular","role":"subject of querías","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"querías","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"salvar","lemma":"salvar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of querías","gloss":"to save"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of alma","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alma","lemma":"alma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of salvar","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viejo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"viejo","lemma":"viejo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition del, possessor of alma","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"haciéndole","lemma":"hacer él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on querías","gloss":"making him"},{"surface":"cometer","lemma":"cometer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of haciéndole","gloss":"commit"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pecado","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pecado","lemma":"pecado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of cometer","gloss":"sin"},{"surface":"al","lemma":"al","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hijo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hijo","lemma":"hijo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"causee of haciéndole cometer (logical subject of cometer)","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"pecado","lemma":"pecado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to pecado (w11)","gloss":"sin"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"object of preposition de (del = de + el), complement of arrepentiría","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"éste","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of arrepentiría","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of arrepentiría","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"arrepentiría","lemma":"arrepentirse","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by del que","gloss":"would repent"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vida","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vida","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vida","lemma":"vida","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial time expression modifying arrepentiría","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":76,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p35-s3","source":"¿No es así?","translation":"Isn't that so?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p35-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies es","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to así","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"así","lemma":"así","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"so"}]},{"number":77,"label":"36","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p36-s1","source":"–Sí, en la Biblia está escrito: «Y el padre se levantará contra el hijo contra el padre»...","translation":"—Yes, in the Bible it is written: \"And the father shall rise up against the son against the father\"...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p36-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se levantará","title":"Future tense «se levantará»","body":"«se levantará» is the simple future of pronominal «levantarse» ('to rise up'): 'shall rise up'. Arlt gives Ergueta's garbled scriptural quotation a deliberately prophetic, future-tense ring."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sí","lemma":"sí","morphology":"interjection","role":"stands alone as the answer","gloss":"Yes"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Biblia","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Biblia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Biblia","lemma":"Biblia","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of escrito","gloss":"Bible"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to escrito","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"escrito","lemma":"escrito","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of está","gloss":"written"},{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of levantará","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of levantará","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"levantará","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted clause (complement of escrito)","gloss":"will rise"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hijo","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hijo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hijo","lemma":"hijo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of levantará","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padre","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of levantará (second object, parallel to hijo)","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":78,"label":"37","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p37-s1","source":"–¿Ves?","translation":"—See?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p37-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ves","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"}]},{"number":79,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p37-s2","source":"Yo te entiendo a vos.","translation":"I understand you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p37-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of entiendo","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"direct object of entiendo","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"entiendo","lemma":"entender","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking vos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"vos","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, second-person, singular","role":"emphatic pronoun doubling te (object of entiendo)","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":80,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p37-s3","source":"No sé para lo que estás predestinado...","translation":"I don't know what you're predestined for...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p37-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sé","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"sé","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of predestinado","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que (antecedent) with que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"completes lo que; complement of predestinado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"estás","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"copula linking to predestinado","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"predestinado","lemma":"predestinado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estás","gloss":"predestined"}]},{"number":81,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p37-s4","source":"El destino de los hombres es siempre incierto.","translation":"The destiny of men is always uncertain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p37-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of destino","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"destino","lemma":"destino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of incierto","gloss":"destiny"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hombres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies destino","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to incierto","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"siempre","lemma":"siempre","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies incierto","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"incierto","lemma":"incierto","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"uncertain"}]},{"number":82,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p37-s5","source":"Pero creo que tenés por delante un camino magnífico.","translation":"But I think you have a magnificent road ahead of you.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p37-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tenés","title":"Voseo «tenés»","body":"«tenés» is the voseo present of «tener» ('you have'), where standard Spanish has «tienes». Voseo drops the stem diphthong «ie» and stresses the ending: «tenés por delante» = 'you have ahead of you'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the sentence to what precedes","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"creo","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of tenés","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tenés","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of creo","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the adverbial phrase por delante, modifies tenés","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"delante","lemma":"delante","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the adverbial phrase por delante, modifies tenés","gloss":"ahead","note":"'por delante' is a fixed phrase meaning 'ahead, in front.'"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of camino","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"camino","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tenés","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"magnífico","lemma":"magnífico","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies camino","gloss":"magnificent"}]},{"number":83,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p37-s6","source":"¿Sabes?","translation":"You know?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p37-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabes","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":84,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p37-s7","source":"Un camino raro...","translation":"A strange road...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p37-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of camino","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"camino","lemma":"camino","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"raro","lemma":"raro","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies camino","gloss":"strange"}]},{"number":85,"label":"38","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p38-s1","source":"–Seré el Rey del Mundo.","translation":"—I will be the King of the World.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p38-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Seré","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Rey","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Rey","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rey","lemma":"Rey","morphology":"proper noun","role":"predicate complement of Seré","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mundo","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Mundo","lemma":"Mundo","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies Rey","gloss":"World"}]},{"number":86,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p38-s2","source":"¿Te das cuenta?","translation":"Do you realize?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p38-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of das","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realize"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with das","gloss":"account"}]},{"number":87,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p38-s3","source":"Ganaré en todas las ruletas el dinero que quiera.","translation":"I will win at every roulette table all the money I want.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p38-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"el dinero que quiera","title":"Subjunctive for an open amount","body":"«el dinero que quiera» = 'whatever money I (may) want'. The subjunctive «quiera» marks the amount as indefinite and open-ended — 'as much as I please' — rather than a fixed sum, which would take the indicative «quiero»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ganaré","lemma":"ganar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will win"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ruletas","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"todas","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ruletas","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of ruletas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ruletas","lemma":"ruleta","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique complement of Ganaré","gloss":"roulette tables"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dinero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Ganaré","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of quiera","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"quiera","lemma":"querer","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"clause modifying dinero","gloss":"want"}]},{"number":88,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p38-s4","source":"Iré a Palestina, a Jerusalén y reedificaré el gran templo de Salomón...","translation":"I will go to Palestine, to Jerusalem, and rebuild the great temple of Solomon...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p38-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Iré","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will go"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Palestina","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Palestina","lemma":"Palestina","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of Iré","gloss":"Palestine"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Jerusalén","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Jerusalén","lemma":"Jerusalén","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Palestina","gloss":"Jerusalem"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"reedificaré","lemma":"reedificar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Iré","gloss":"will rebuild"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of templo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gran","lemma":"grande","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies templo","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"templo","lemma":"templo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of reedificaré","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Salomón","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Salomón","lemma":"Salomón","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies templo","gloss":"Solomon"}]},{"number":89,"label":"39","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p39-s1","source":"–Y salvarás de la angustia a mucha gente buena.","translation":"—And you will save many good people from anguish.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p39-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"salvarás","lemma":"salvar","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will save"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking angustia","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of angustia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of salvarás","gloss":"anguish"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking gente","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mucha","lemma":"mucho","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gente","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of salvarás","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"buena","lemma":"bueno","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gente","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":90,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p39-s2","source":"Cuántos hay que por necesidad defraudaron a sus patrones, robaron dinero que les estaba confiado.","translation":"How many there are who out of need defrauded their employers, stole money entrusted to them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p39-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cuántos","lemma":"cuánto","morphology":"pronoun, exclamative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of hay","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of defraudaron","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking necesidad","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"necesidad","lemma":"necesidad","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of defraudaron","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"defraudaron","lemma":"defraudar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying Cuántos","gloss":"defrauded"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking patrones","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sus","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of patrones","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"patrones","lemma":"patrón","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of defraudaron","gloss":"employers"},{"surface":"robaron","lemma":"robar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with defraudaron","gloss":"stole"},{"surface":"dinero","lemma":"dinero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of robaron","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of confiado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"indirect object of confiado","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"estaba","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to confiado","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"confiado","lemma":"confiado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of estaba","gloss":"entrusted"}]},{"number":91,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p39-s3","source":"¿Sabes?","translation":"You know?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p39-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sabes","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":92,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p39-s4","source":"La angustia...","translation":"The anguish...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p39-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of angustia","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"angustia","lemma":"angustia","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"anguish"}]},{"number":93,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p39-s5","source":"Un tipo angustiado no sabe lo que hace...","translation":"A man in anguish doesn't know what he's doing...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p39-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tipo","title":"«un tipo»","body":"«tipo» colloquially means 'a guy, a fellow, a bloke'. «un tipo angustiado» = 'a man wracked by anguish'. It is everyday River Plate register, not derogatory in itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tipo","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tipo","lemma":"tipo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sabe","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"angustiado","lemma":"angustiado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tipo","gloss":"anguished"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sabe","gloss":"doesn't"},{"surface":"sabe","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que (antecedent) with que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of hace, completes lo que","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of sabe","gloss":"doing"}]},{"number":94,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p39-s6","source":"Hoy roba un peso, mañana cinco, pasado veinte, y cuando se acuerda debe cientos de pesos.","translation":"Today he steals a peso, tomorrow five, the day after twenty, and before he knows it he owes hundreds of pesos.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p39-s6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se acuerda","title":"«acordarse» = 'to realize / recall'","body":"«acordarse» is the pronominal 'to remember, to become aware'; «cuando se acuerda» here means 'by the time he realizes it'. Note the distinct «acordar» (without «se») means 'to agree' — the reflexive changes the meaning."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hoy","lemma":"hoy","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies roba","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"roba","lemma":"robar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"steals"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peso","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"peso","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of roba","gloss":"peso"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies roba","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"cinco","lemma":"cinco","morphology":"numeral","role":"direct object of roba","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"pasado","lemma":"pasado","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies roba","gloss":"the day after","note":"Short for 'pasado mañana' ('the day after tomorrow'), paralleling hoy and mañana in the list."},{"surface":"veinte","lemma":"veinte","morphology":"numeral","role":"direct object of roba","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of acuerda","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of acuerda","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"acuerda","lemma":"acordar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on debe","gloss":"remembers"},{"surface":"debe","lemma":"deber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with roba","gloss":"owes"},{"surface":"cientos","lemma":"ciento","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"direct object of debe","gloss":"hundreds"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pesos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cientos","gloss":"pesos"}]},{"number":95,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p39-s7","source":"Y el hombre piensa.","translation":"And the man thinks.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p39-s7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of piensa","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"piensa","lemma":"pensar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thinks"}]},{"number":96,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p39-s8","source":"Es poco... y de pronto se encuentra con que han desaparecido quinientos, no, seiscientos pesos con siete centavos.","translation":"It's nothing much... and all at once he finds that five hundred, no, six hundred pesos and seven cents have vanished.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p39-s8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to poco","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"poco","lemma":"poco","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of Es","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the adverbial phrase de pronto, modifies encuentra","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the adverbial phrase de pronto, modifies encuentra","gloss":"once","note":"'de pronto' = suddenly, all at once."},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of encuentra","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"encuentra","lemma":"encontrar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with Es","gloss":"finds"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of desaparecido","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of desaparecido","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of desaparecido","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"desaparecido","lemma":"desaparecer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the que-clause, complement of encuentra","gloss":"vanished"},{"surface":"quinientos","lemma":"quinientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"subject of desaparecido, corrected by seiscientos","gloss":"five hundred"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"self-correction (discourse marker)","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"seiscientos","lemma":"seiscientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"six hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of desaparecido","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking centavos","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"siete","lemma":"siete","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies centavos","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"centavos","lemma":"centavo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pesos","gloss":"cents"}]},{"number":97,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p39-s9","source":"¿Te das cuenta?","translation":"Do you realize?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p39-s9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of das","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"dar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"realize"},{"surface":"cuenta","lemma":"cuenta","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compound with das","gloss":"account"}]},{"number":98,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p39-s10","source":"Esa es la gente que hay que salvar... a los angustiados, a los fraudulentos.","translation":"Those are the people who must be saved... the anguished, the swindlers.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p39-s10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hay que salvar","title":"«hay que» + infinitive","body":"«hay que» + infinitive expresses an impersonal obligation: 'one must, it is necessary to'. «la gente que hay que salvar» = 'the people one has to save'. It states a need with no specific subject doing the saving."}],"words":[{"surface":"Esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"Those"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to gente","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of salvar","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"hay","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying gente (hay que + infinitive)","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"links hay to salvar (hay que + infinitive)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"salvar","lemma":"salvar","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of hay","gloss":"save"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking angustiados","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of angustiados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"angustiados","lemma":"angustiado","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to gente (object of salvar)","gloss":"anguished"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking fraudulentos","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of fraudulentos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fraudulentos","lemma":"fraudulento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to gente (object of salvar)","gloss":"swindlers"}]},{"number":99,"label":"40","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p40-s1","source":"El farmacéutico meditó un instante.","translation":"The pharmacist mused for a moment.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p40-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of farmacéutico","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"farmacéutico","lemma":"farmacéutico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of meditó","gloss":"pharmacist"},{"surface":"meditó","lemma":"meditar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mused"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of instante","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"instante","lemma":"instante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of meditó","gloss":"moment"}]},{"number":100,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p40-s2","source":"Una expresión grave se disolvió en la superficie de su semblante abotargado; luego, calmosamente, agregó:","translation":"A grave expression dissolved over the surface of his bloated face; then, calmly, he added:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p40-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Una","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of expresión","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"expresión","lemma":"expresión","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of disolvió","gloss":"expression"},{"surface":"grave","lemma":"grave","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies expresión","gloss":"grave"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of disolvió","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"disolvió","lemma":"disolver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dissolved"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking superficie","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of superficie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"superficie","lemma":"superficie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of disolvió","gloss":"surface"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking semblante","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of semblante","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"semblante","lemma":"semblante","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies superficie","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"abotargado","lemma":"abotargado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies semblante","gloss":"bloated"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies agregó","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"calmosamente","lemma":"calmosamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies agregó","gloss":"calmly"},{"surface":"agregó","lemma":"agregar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with disolvió","gloss":"added"}]},{"number":101,"label":"41","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p41-s1","source":"–Tenés razón... el mundo está lleno de «turros», de infelices... pero ¿cómo remediarlo?","translation":"—You're right... the world is full of \"turros\", of wretches... but how to fix it?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p41-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"turros","title":"«turro» (lunfardo)","body":"«turro» is lunfardo for a base, contemptible person — a scoundrel or lowlife. Arlt sets it in guillemets as slang. The word returns at the chapter's end when Ergueta turns it on the waiter and on Erdosain."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tenés","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"razón","lemma":"razón","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Tenés","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mundo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mundo","lemma":"mundo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of lleno","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to lleno","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lleno","lemma":"lleno","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of está","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking turros","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"turros","lemma":"turro","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies lleno","gloss":"lowlifes","note":"'Turro' is Lunfardo (Buenos Aires slang) for a worthless or crooked person; the translation keeps the term untranslated in quotes."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking infelices","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"infelices","lemma":"infeliz","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies lleno","gloss":"wretches"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"cómo","lemma":"cómo","morphology":"adverb, interrogative","role":"modifies remediarlo","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"remediarlo","lemma":"remediar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the rhetorical question","gloss":"fix it"}]},{"number":102,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p41-s2","source":"Esto es lo que a mí me preocupa.","translation":"This is what worries me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p41-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esto","lemma":"este","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of es","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (copula)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que (antecedent) with que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of preocupa, completes lo que","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphatic preposition doubling me","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mí","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, first-person, singular","role":"emphatic pronoun doubling me (object of preocupa)","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of preocupa","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"preocupa","lemma":"preocupar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"worries"}]},{"number":103,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p41-s3","source":"¿De qué forma presentarle nuevamente las verdades sagradas a esa gente que no tiene fe?...","translation":"In what way is one to set the sacred truths again before those people who have no faith?...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p41-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking forma","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"determiner, interrogative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of forma","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"forma","lemma":"forma","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of presentarle","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"presentarle","lemma":"presentar él","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"present"},{"surface":"nuevamente","lemma":"nuevamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies presentarle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of verdades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verdades","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of presentarle","gloss":"truths"},{"surface":"sagradas","lemma":"sagrado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies verdades","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking gente","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"esa","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of presentarle","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of tiene","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tiene","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"tiene","lemma":"tener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying gente","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"fe","lemma":"fe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tiene","gloss":"faith"}]},{"number":104,"label":"42","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p42-s1","source":"–Pero si la gente lo que necesita es plata... no sagradas verdades.","translation":"—But what people need is money... not sacred truths.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p42-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"plata","title":"«plata» = 'money'","body":"«plata» (literally 'silver') is the standard Latin American word for money, far more common than «dinero» in everyday River Plate speech. «lo que necesita es plata» = 'what they need is cash'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the sentence to what precedes","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphatic discourse marker (not conditional 'if')","gloss":"if","note":"This exclamatory 'si' asserts a point with no following 'then' clause — an emphatic colloquial use, closer to 'but look...' than a literal conditional."},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gente","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gente","lemma":"gente","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of necesita","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"lo","morphology":"pronoun, neuter, singular","role":"forms the relative phrase lo que (antecedent) with que","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of necesita, completes lo que","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"necesita","lemma":"necesitar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying gente","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to plata","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"plata","lemma":"plata","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of es","gloss":"money"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sagradas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sagradas","lemma":"sagrado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies verdades","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"verdades","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"predicate complement of es (elided), contrasted with plata","gloss":"truths"}]},{"number":105,"label":"43","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p43-s1","source":"–No, es que eso pasa por el olvido de las Escrituras.","translation":"—No, the thing is that this happens through the neglect of the Scriptures.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p43-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"es que","title":"«es que» = 'the thing is'","body":"«es que» opens an explanation or excuse: 'the thing is that..., it's because...'. «es que eso pasa por...» = 'the thing is, that happens because of...'. It is a very common conversational hedge before giving a reason."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"interjection","role":"stands alone as the answer","gloss":"No"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"ser","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pasa","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of pasa","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"pasa","lemma":"pasar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of es","gloss":"happens"},{"surface":"por","lemma":"por","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking olvido","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of olvido","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"olvido","lemma":"olvido","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of pasa","gloss":"neglect"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Escrituras","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of Escrituras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Escrituras","lemma":"Escrituras","morphology":"proper noun","role":"modifies olvido","gloss":"Scriptures"}]},{"number":106,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p43-s2","source":"Un hombre que lleva en sí las sagradas verdades no lo roba a su patrón, no defrauda a la compañía en que trabaja, no se coloca en situación de ir a la cárcel del hoy a la mañana.","translation":"A man who carries the sacred truths within himself does not rob his employer, does not defraud the company he works for, does not put himself in a position to land in prison overnight.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p43-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hombre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hombre","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of roba","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of lleva","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"lleva","lemma":"llevar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying hombre","gloss":"carries"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sí","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"sí","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, prepositional, reflexive","role":"oblique complement of lleva","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of verdades","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sagradas","lemma":"sagrado","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies verdades","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"verdades","lemma":"verdad","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of lleva","gloss":"truths"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies roba","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of roba","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"roba","lemma":"robar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rob"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking patrón","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"su","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of patrón","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"patrón","lemma":"patrón","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of roba (doubles lo)","gloss":"employer"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies defrauda","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"defrauda","lemma":"defraudar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with roba","gloss":"defraud"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"personal a marking compañía","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of compañía","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"compañía","lemma":"compañía","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of defrauda","gloss":"company"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"oblique complement of trabaja","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"trabaja","lemma":"trabajar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying compañía","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies coloca","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of coloca","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"coloca","lemma":"colocar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with roba","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking situación","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"situación","lemma":"situación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of coloca","gloss":"position"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of ir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ir","lemma":"ir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying situación","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cárcel","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cárcel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cárcel","lemma":"cárcel","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ir","gloss":"prison"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the temporal idiom del hoy a la mañana, modifies ir","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"hoy","lemma":"hoy","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom del hoy a la mañana","gloss":"today"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mañana","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mañana","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mañana","lemma":"mañana","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of ir","gloss":"tomorrow","note":"'Del hoy a la mañana' is a variant of the idiom 'de la noche a la mañana' — overnight, suddenly."}]},{"number":107,"label":"44","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p44-s1","source":"Luego se rascó pensativamente la nariz y continuó:","translation":"Then he thoughtfully scratched his nose and went on:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p44-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rascó","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of rascó","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rascó","lemma":"rascar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"scratched"},{"surface":"pensativamente","lemma":"pensativamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rascó","gloss":"thoughtfully"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nariz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nariz","lemma":"nariz","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of rascó","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"continuó","lemma":"continuar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with rascó","gloss":"went on"}]},{"number":108,"label":"45","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p45-s1","source":"–Además, ¿quién no te dice que eso sea para bien?","translation":"—Besides, who's to tell you it isn't for the best?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p45-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que eso sea para bien","title":"Subjunctive under a rhetorical doubt","body":"«¿quién no te dice que eso sea para bien?» frames the outcome as uncertain, so the verb is the subjunctive «sea» ('that it be for the best'). The rhetorical question casts doubt, and Spanish marks that doubt with the subjunctive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Además","lemma":"además","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dice","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"quién","lemma":"quién","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of dice","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dice","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of dice","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dice","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tells"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sea","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"eso","lemma":"ese","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sea","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sea","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking eso to bien","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"para","lemma":"para","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bien","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition para","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":109,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p45-s2","source":"¿Quiénes van a hacer la revolución social, sino los estafadores, los desdichados, los asesinos, los fraudulentos, toda la canalla que sufre abajo sin esperanza alguna?","translation":"Who are going to make the social revolution, if not the swindlers, the wretched, the murderers, the frauds, all the riffraff who suffer down below without any hope?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p45-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sino","title":"«sino» = 'if not / but'","body":"After a question or negative, «sino» means 'except, if not, other than': «¿quiénes... sino los estafadores?» = 'who... if not the swindlers?'. It points to the only real alternative."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quiénes","lemma":"quién","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of hacer","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of hacer","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of revolución","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"revolución","lemma":"revolución","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"revolution"},{"surface":"social","lemma":"social","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies revolución","gloss":"social"},{"surface":"sino","lemma":"sino","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"if not"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of estafadores","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"estafadores","lemma":"estafador","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with Quiénes, introduced by sino","gloss":"swindlers"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of desdichados","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desdichados","lemma":"desdichado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with estafadores","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of asesinos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"asesinos","lemma":"asesino","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with estafadores","gloss":"murderers"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of fraudulentos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fraudulentos","lemma":"fraudulento","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with estafadores","gloss":"frauds"},{"surface":"toda","lemma":"todo","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"modifies canalla","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of canalla","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"canalla","lemma":"canalla","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with estafadores","gloss":"riffraff"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sufre","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sufre","lemma":"sufrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying canalla","gloss":"suffers"},{"surface":"abajo","lemma":"abajo","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sufre","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"sin","lemma":"sin","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esperanza","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"esperanza","lemma":"esperanza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of sufre","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"alguna","lemma":"alguno","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of esperanza","gloss":"any"}]},{"number":110,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p45-s3","source":"¿O te crees que la revolución la van a hacer los cagatintas y los tenderos?","translation":"Or do you think the revolution is going to be made by pen-pushers and shopkeepers?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p45-s3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cagatintas","title":"«cagatintas»","body":"«cagatintas» (literally 'ink-shitter') is a crude, contemptuous term for a petty clerk or pen-pusher — a desk-bound bureaucrat. It captures Ergueta's scorn for the respectable, timid classes he says will never make a revolution."}],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of crees","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"crees","lemma":"creer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of van","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of revolución","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"revolución","lemma":"revolución","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hacer (fronted, resumed by la)","gloss":"revolution"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of hacer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"van","lemma":"ir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of hacer","gloss":"are going"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of hacer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"hacer","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of cagatintas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cagatintas","lemma":"cagatinta","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"subject of van","gloss":"pen-pushers"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tenderos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tenderos","lemma":"tendero","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with cagatintas","gloss":"shopkeepers"}]},{"number":111,"label":"46","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p46-s1","source":"–De acuerdo, de acuerdo... pero, en tanto llega la revolución social, ¿qué hace ese desdichado?","translation":"—Agreed, agreed... but while the social revolution is on its way, what does that wretched man do?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p46-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"en tanto","title":"«en tanto» = 'while / meanwhile'","body":"«en tanto (que)» means 'while, in the meantime': «en tanto llega la revolución» = 'while the revolution is coming'. It marks the interval before an awaited event — Erdosain's point that the future revolution does nothing for his present."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"forms the idiom de acuerdo (agreed)","gloss":"agreed","note":"'De acuerdo' is a fixed idiom meaning 'agreed/OK' — it doesn't build word for word."},{"surface":"acuerdo","lemma":"acuerdo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the idiom de acuerdo","gloss":"agreed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"forms the idiom de acuerdo (agreed)","gloss":"agreed"},{"surface":"acuerdo","lemma":"acuerdo","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the idiom de acuerdo","gloss":"agreed"},{"surface":"pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies llega","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"tanto","lemma":"tanto","morphology":"noun","role":"part of the phrase en tanto (while)","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"llega","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on hace","gloss":"is on its way"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of revolución","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"revolución","lemma":"revolución","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of llega","gloss":"revolution"},{"surface":"social","lemma":"social","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies revolución","gloss":"social"},{"surface":"qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hace","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"hace","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"does"},{"surface":"ese","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of desdichado","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"desdichado","lemma":"desdichado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hace","gloss":"wretched man"}]},{"number":112,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p46-s2","source":"¿Qué hago yo?","translation":"What do I do?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p46-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qué","lemma":"qué","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of hago","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"hago","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of hago","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":113,"label":"47","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p47-s1","source":"Y Erdosain, tomándolo de un brazo a Ergueta, exclamó:","translation":"And Erdosain, taking Ergueta by an arm, exclaimed:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p47-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"modifies exclamó","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of exclamó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"tomándolo","lemma":"tomar él","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on exclamó","gloss":"taking him"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brazo","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of brazo","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"brazo","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of tomándolo","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ergueta","gloss":"(object marker)","note":"This is the personal 'a,' marking Ergueta as a direct object; it has no separate English translation."},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of tomándolo","gloss":"Ergueta"},{"surface":"exclamó","lemma":"exclamar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"exclaimed"}]},{"number":114,"label":"48","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p48-s1","source":"–Porque yo estoy a un paso de la cárcel, ¿sabes?","translation":"—Because I'm one step from prison, you know?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p48-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Porque","lemma":"porque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of estoy","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of estoy","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"estoy","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to paso","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"a","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paso","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"uno","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paso","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"paso","lemma":"paso","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of estoy","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cárcel","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cárcel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cárcel","lemma":"cárcel","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies paso","gloss":"prison"},{"surface":"sabes","lemma":"saber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the tag question ¿sabes?","gloss":"you know"}]},{"number":115,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p48-s2","source":"He robado seiscientos pesos con siete centavos.","translation":"I have stolen six hundred pesos and seven cents.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p48-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"He robado","title":"Present perfect «he robado»","body":"«he robado» is the present perfect ('I have stolen'), formed with «haber» + past participle. It frames the theft as a deed whose consequences press on the present moment — the confession Erdosain has been circling all along."}],"words":[{"surface":"He","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of robado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"robado","lemma":"robar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stolen"},{"surface":"seiscientos","lemma":"seiscientos","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"six hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of robado","gloss":"pesos"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking centavos","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"siete","lemma":"siete","morphology":"numeral, plural","role":"quantifies centavos","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"centavos","lemma":"centavo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique complement of robado","gloss":"cents"}]},{"number":116,"label":"49","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p49-s1","source":"El farmacéutico guiñó lentamente el párpado izquierdo y luego dijo:","translation":"The pharmacist slowly winked his left eyelid and then said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p49-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of farmacéutico","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"farmacéutico","lemma":"farmacéutico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of guiñó","gloss":"pharmacist"},{"surface":"guiñó","lemma":"guiñar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"winked"},{"surface":"lentamente","lemma":"lentamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies guiñó","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of párpado","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"párpado","lemma":"párpado","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of guiñó","gloss":"eyelid"},{"surface":"izquierdo","lemma":"izquierdo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies párpado","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"luego","lemma":"luego","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dijo","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"dijo","lemma":"decir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with guiñó","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":117,"label":"50","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p50-s1","source":"–No te aflijas.","translation":"—Don't be distressed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p50-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"No te aflijas","title":"Negative command + subjunctive","body":"Negative commands use the subjunctive: «no te aflijas» = 'don't distress yourself', from pronominal «afligirse». The «-jas» spelling keeps the soft «j» sound of «afligir» before the «-as» ending."}],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aflijas","gloss":"don't"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of aflijas","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"aflijas","lemma":"afligir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be distressed","note":"'No' + present subjunctive forms the negative tú-command in Spanish."}]},{"number":118,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p50-s2","source":"Los tiempos de tribulación de que hablan las Escrituras han llegado.","translation":"The times of tribulation the Scriptures speak of have arrived.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p50-s2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of tiempos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiempos","lemma":"tiempo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of llegado","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tribulación","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tribulación","lemma":"tribulación","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tiempos","gloss":"tribulation"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking que (relative, referring to tribulación)","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"object of preposition de, referring to tribulación","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"hablan","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying tribulación","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of Escrituras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Escrituras","lemma":"Escrituras","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of hablan","gloss":"Scriptures"},{"surface":"han","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of llegado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"llegado","lemma":"llegar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arrived"}]},{"number":119,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p50-s3","source":"¿No me he casado yo con la Coja, con la Ramera?","translation":"Have I not married the Lame Woman, the Harlot?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p50-s3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies casado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of casado","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"he","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of casado","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"casado","lemma":"casar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"married"},{"surface":"yo","lemma":"yo","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of casado","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Coja","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Coja","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Coja","lemma":"Coja","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique complement of casado","gloss":"Lame Woman"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ramera","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Ramera","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ramera","lemma":"Ramera","morphology":"proper noun","role":"coordinated with Coja","gloss":"Harlot"}]},{"number":120,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p50-s4","source":"¿No se ha levantado el hijo contra el padre y el padre contra el hijo?","translation":"Has the son not risen against the father and the father against the son?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p50-s4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies levantado","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of levantado","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ha","lemma":"haber","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of levantado","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"levantado","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"risen"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hijo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hijo","lemma":"hijo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of levantado","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking padre","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of levantado","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of padre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"padre","lemma":"padre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with hijo (subject of the elided levantado)","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"contra","lemma":"contra","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hijo","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hijo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hijo","lemma":"hijo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of the elided levantado","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":121,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p50-s5","source":"La revolución está más cerca de lo que la desean los hombres.","translation":"The revolution is nearer than men wish it to be.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p50-s5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"más cerca de lo que","title":"Comparison with «de lo que»","body":"When comparing against a whole clause, Spanish uses «de lo que» (not «que»): «más cerca de lo que la desean los hombres» = 'nearer than men wish it'. «de lo que» introduces the verb phrase being compared against."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of revolución","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"revolución","lemma":"revolución","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of está","gloss":"revolution"},{"surface":"está","lemma":"estar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to cerca","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"más","lemma":"más","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cerca","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"cerca","lemma":"cerca","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of está","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition forming the comparative de lo que (= than)","gloss":"than","note":"'De lo que' is the fixed comparative form used before a clause, equivalent to English 'than.'"},{"surface":"lo","lemma":"el","morphology":"article, neuter, singular","role":"part of the phrase de lo que","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"part of the phrase de lo que, introduces the clause of desean","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of desean","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"desean","lemma":"desear","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"adverbial clause on cerca","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of hombres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hombres","lemma":"hombre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of desean","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":122,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p50-s6","source":"¿No sos vos el fraudulento y el lobo que diezma el rebaño?...","translation":"Aren't you the fraud and the wolf that decimates the flock?...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p50-s6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"No","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sos","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sos","lemma":"ser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb (copula) of the sentence","gloss":"are","note":"'Sos' is the voseo form of 'eres' (you are), used instead of 'tú eres' in Argentina."},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"vos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of sos","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fraudulento","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fraudulento","lemma":"fraudulento","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of sos","gloss":"fraud"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lobo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lobo","lemma":"lobo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with fraudulento","gloss":"wolf"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of diezma","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"diezma","lemma":"diezmar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying lobo","gloss":"decimates"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rebaño","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rebaño","lemma":"rebaño","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of diezma","gloss":"flock"}]},{"number":123,"label":"51","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p51-s1","source":"–Pero, decíme, ¿vos no podes prestarme esos seiscientos pesos?","translation":"—But tell me, can't you lend me those six hundred pesos?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p51-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"decíme","title":"Voseo imperative with pronoun","body":"«decíme» is the voseo command of «decir» ('tell') plus the object «me»: «decí» + «me» → «decíme» ('tell me'). The «vos» command of «decir» is «decí» (vs. standard «di»), and the pronoun attaches to the end."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pero","lemma":"pero","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the sentence","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"decíme","lemma":"decir yo","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of an interjected imperative clause","gloss":"tell me","note":"'Decíme' is the voseo imperative of 'decir' + enclitic 'me' — Argentine 'dime.'"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"vos","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of podes","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"no","lemma":"no","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies podes","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"podes","lemma":"poder","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of prestarme","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"prestarme","lemma":"prestar yo","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lend me"},{"surface":"esos","lemma":"ese","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of pesos","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"seiscientos","lemma":"seiscientos","morphology":"numeral, masculine, plural","role":"quantifies pesos","gloss":"six hundred"},{"surface":"pesos","lemma":"peso","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of prestarme","gloss":"pesos"}]},{"number":124,"label":"52","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p52-s1","source":"El otro movió lentamente la cabeza:","translation":"The other man slowly shook his head:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p52-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of otro","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"otro","lemma":"otro","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of movió","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"movió","lemma":"mover","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shook"},{"surface":"lentamente","lemma":"lentamente","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies movió","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of movió","gloss":"head"}]},{"number":125,"label":"53","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p53-s1","source":"–Te juro que los debo.","translation":"—I swear to you that I owe them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p53-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Te","lemma":"tú","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"indirect object of juro","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"juro","lemma":"jurar","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swear"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of debo","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of debo","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"debo","lemma":"deber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of juro","gloss":"owe"}]},{"number":126,"label":"54","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p54-s1","source":"De pronto ocurrió algo inesperado.","translation":"Suddenly something unexpected happened.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p54-s1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"forms the idiom de pronto (suddenly)","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"pronto","lemma":"pronto","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom de pronto","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"ocurrió","lemma":"ocurrir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened"},{"surface":"algo","lemma":"algo","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of ocurrió","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"inesperado","lemma":"inesperado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies algo","gloss":"unexpected"}]},{"number":127,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p54-s2","source":"El farmacéutico se levantó, extendió el brazo y haciendo chasquear la yema de los dedos, exclamó ante el mozo del café que miraba asombrado la escena:","translation":"The pharmacist stood up, stretched out his arm, and snapping the tips of his fingers, exclaimed in front of the café waiter, who was watching the scene in astonishment:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p54-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mozo","title":"«mozo» = 'waiter'","body":"«el mozo» is the River Plate word for a café or restaurant waiter (where other regions might say «camarero», used a line later). «el mozo del café» = 'the café waiter'."}],"words":[{"surface":"El","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of farmacéutico","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"farmacéutico","lemma":"farmacéutico","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of levantó","gloss":"pharmacist"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of levantó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"levantó","lemma":"levantar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood up"},{"surface":"extendió","lemma":"extender","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with levantó","gloss":"stretched out"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of brazo","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"brazo","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of extendió","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"haciendo","lemma":"hacer","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on exclamó","gloss":"making"},{"surface":"chasquear","lemma":"chasquear","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of haciendo","gloss":"snap"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of yema","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"yema","lemma":"yema","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of chasquear","gloss":"tips"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dedos","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of dedos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"dedos","lemma":"dedo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies yema","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"exclamó","lemma":"exclamar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with levantó","gloss":"exclaimed"},{"surface":"ante","lemma":"ante","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mozo","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mozo","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mozo","lemma":"mozo","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement of exclamó","gloss":"waiter"},{"surface":"del","lemma":"del","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking café","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"café","lemma":"café","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mozo","gloss":"café"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of miraba","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"miraba","lemma":"mirar","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying mozo","gloss":"was watching"},{"surface":"asombrado","lemma":"asombrado","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective describing the subject of miraba","gloss":"in astonishment"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of escena","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"escena","lemma":"escena","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of miraba","gloss":"scene"}]},{"number":128,"label":"55","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p55-s1","source":"–Rajá, turrito, rajá.","translation":"—Beat it, you little louse, beat it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p55-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Rajá","title":"«rajar» (lunfardo)","body":"«rajar» in lunfardo means 'to clear off, to scram'; the voseo command «rajá» = 'beat it, get lost'. Paired with «turrito» (the diminutive of «turro», 'little louse'), it is a sudden burst of street aggression — Ergueta's madness flaring."}],"words":[{"surface":"Rajá","lemma":"rajar","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"beat it","note":"'Rajá' is the voseo imperative of 'rajar,' Argentine slang for 'scram/beat it.'"},{"surface":"turrito","lemma":"turrito","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, addressing the listener","gloss":"you little louse","note":"'Turrito' is Lunfardo slang, a diminutive insult roughly meaning 'little fool/louse.'"},{"surface":"rajá","lemma":"rajar","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"repeats the main verb (imperative)","gloss":"beat it"}]},{"number":129,"label":"56","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p56-s1","source":"Erdosain, rojo de vergüenza, se alejó.","translation":"Erdosain, red with shame, walked away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p56-s1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se alejó","title":"Pronominal «alejarse»","body":"«alejarse» ('to move away, to walk off') is pronominal; the «se» makes the subject distance himself: «se alejó» = 'he walked away'. The preterite marks the single, completed departure that closes the scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdosain","lemma":"Erdosain","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of alejó","gloss":"Erdosain"},{"surface":"rojo","lemma":"rojo","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Erdosain","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vergüenza","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"vergüenza","lemma":"vergüenza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies rojo","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"él","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of alejó","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"alejó","lemma":"alejar","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked away"}]},{"number":130,"label":"","id":"un-hombre-extrano-p56-s2","source":"Cuando en la esquina volvió la cabeza, vio que Ergueta movía los brazos hablando con el camarero.","translation":"When he turned his head at the corner, he saw Ergueta waving his arms, talking to the waiter.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/arlt/un-hombre-extrano-p56-s2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vio que ... movía","title":"Preterite of perception + imperfect","body":"«vio» (preterite, 'he saw') captures the single glance, while «movía» (imperfect) shows the arm-waving as ongoing within that glance. Spanish routinely pairs a preterite act of perception with an imperfect for what was observed in progress."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cuando","lemma":"cuando","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of volvió","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esquina","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of esquina","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esquina","lemma":"esquina","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique complement of volvió","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"volvió","lemma":"volver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on vio","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cabeza","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"cabeza","lemma":"cabeza","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of volvió","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"vio","lemma":"ver","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of movía","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Ergueta","lemma":"Ergueta","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of movía","gloss":"Ergueta"},{"surface":"movía","lemma":"mover","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of vio","gloss":"was waving"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, plural","role":"determiner of brazos","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"brazos","lemma":"brazo","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of movía","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"hablando","lemma":"hablar","morphology":"verb, gerund","role":"adverbial clause on movía","gloss":"talking"},{"surface":"con","lemma":"con","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking camarero","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"el","lemma":"el","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of camarero","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"camarero","lemma":"camarero","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition con","gloss":"waiter"}]}]}