{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"allegorie","title":{"source":"Allégorie","translated":"Allegory"},"section":"Flowers of Evil","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/allegorie","lines":20},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/la-fontaine-du-sang","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/la-beatrice","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"allegorie-s1-l1","source":"C'est une femme belle et de riche encolure,","translation":"She is a woman beautiful and of ample neck,","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"riche encolure","title":"encolure (f.)","body":"«encolure» is the neck-and-shoulders — the word is used of horses and of the cut of a garment as much as of people. «de riche encolure» frames her from the first line as a powerful, full-bodied animal presence, not a delicate beauty."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to femme","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of femme","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"femme","lemma":"femme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate nominal, head of the phrase","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"belle","lemma":"beau","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies femme","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the phrase de riche encolure","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"riche","lemma":"riche","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies encolure","gloss":"ample"},{"surface":"encolure","lemma":"encolure","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of de, coordinated with belle (modifies femme)","gloss":"neck"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"allegorie-s1-l2","source":"Qui laisse dans son vin traîner sa chevelure.","translation":"who lets her hair trail loose into her wine.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"laisse... traîner","title":"laisser + infinitive","body":"«laisser» + infinitive = 'to let / allow (something) to do'. «laisse traîner sa chevelure» = 'lets her hair trail'. The construction makes her negligence active: she permits it, indifferent to the squalor of hair dragging in her drink."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of laisse","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"laisse","lemma":"laisser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vin","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vin","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"vin","lemma":"vin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of traîner","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"traîner","lemma":"traîner","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of laisse (causative construction)","gloss":"trail"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of chevelure","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"chevelure","lemma":"chevelure","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of traîner (object of laisse)","gloss":"hair"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"allegorie-s1-l3","source":"Les griffes de l'amour, les poisons du tripot,","translation":"The claws of love, the poisons of the gambling den,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tripot","title":"tripot (m.)","body":"«tripot» is a low gambling house or dive — a disreputable den. Paired with «les griffes de l'amour» (the claws of love), it sets the two great ruinous forces, lust and vice, against the figure who shrugs them off."}],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of griffes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"griffes","lemma":"griffe","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"claws"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amour","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of amour","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"amour","lemma":"amour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies griffes","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of poisons","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poisons","lemma":"poison","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with griffes","gloss":"poisons"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tripot","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tripot","lemma":"tripot","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies poisons","gloss":"gambling den"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"allegorie-s1-l4","source":"Tout glisse et tout s'émousse au granit de sa peau.","translation":"all slides off and is blunted on the granite of her skin.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"s'émousse","title":"s'émousser (pronominal)","body":"«émousser» = 'to blunt, to dull (an edge)'; the pronominal «s'émousser» = 'to go blunt'. The claws and poisons «s'émoussent au granit de sa peau» — go dull against the granite of her skin. She is invulnerable; the world's edges break on her."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of glisse","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"glisse","lemma":"glisser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"slides"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of émousse","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on émousse","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"émousse","lemma":"émousser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with glisse","gloss":"is blunted"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking granit","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"granit","lemma":"granit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of émousse","gloss":"granite"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking peau","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of peau","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"peau","lemma":"peau","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies granit","gloss":"skin"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"allegorie-s1-l5","source":"Elle rit à la Mort et nargue la Débauche,","translation":"She laughs at Death and flouts Debauchery,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"nargue","title":"narguer","body":"«narguer» = 'to taunt, to defy, to thumb one's nose at'. Stronger than mere mockery: she openly provokes «la Débauche», personified and capitalized, just as she laughs in the face of «la Mort»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rit","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"rit","lemma":"rire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughs"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mort","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Mort","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mort","lemma":"mort","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of rit","gloss":"Death"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nargue","lemma":"narguer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with rit","gloss":"flouts"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Débauche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Débauche","lemma":"débauche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of nargue","gloss":"Debauchery"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"allegorie-s1-l6","source":"Ces monstres dont la main, qui toujours gratte et fauche,","translation":"those monsters whose hand, which always scratches and scythes,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dont la main","title":"Relative «dont» = 'whose'","body":"«dont» here works as a possessive relative: «ces monstres dont la main» = 'those monsters whose hand'. «faucher» = 'to mow / to scythe down', the gesture of Death's reaper — the hand that mows ordinary mortals has, exceptionally, spared her."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of monstres","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"monstres","lemma":"monstre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"monsters"},{"surface":"dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"possessive relative linking monstres to main","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of main","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"main","lemma":"main","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"relative clause subject, possessed by monstres","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of gratte and fauche","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"toujours","lemma":"toujours","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gratte and fauche","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"gratte","lemma":"gratter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on main","gloss":"scratches"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fauche","lemma":"faucher","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with gratte","gloss":"scythes"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"allegorie-s1-l7","source":"Dans ses jeux destructeurs a pourtant respecté","translation":"in its destroying games has nonetheless respected","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jeux","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of jeux","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"jeux","lemma":"jeu","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of respecté","gloss":"games"},{"surface":"destructeurs","lemma":"destructeur","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies jeux","gloss":"destroying"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on respecté","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"pourtant","lemma":"pourtant","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies respecté","gloss":"nonetheless"},{"surface":"respecté","lemma":"respecter","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"respected"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"allegorie-s1-l8","source":"De ce corps ferme et droit la rude majesté.","translation":"the rugged majesty of this firm and upright body.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"De ce corps... la rude majesté","title":"Inverted object order","body":"Read straight, the clause is «a respecté la rude majesté de ce corps ferme et droit» — 'has respected the rugged majesty of this firm and upright body'. Baudelaire fronts the complement «De ce corps ferme et droit» for the rhyme and to land the body, not the verb, at the line's weight."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corps","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corps","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"corps","lemma":"corps","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of De","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"ferme","lemma":"ferme","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies corps","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"droit","lemma":"droit","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with ferme, modifies corps","gloss":"upright"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of majesté","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rude","lemma":"rude","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies majesté","gloss":"rugged"},{"surface":"majesté","lemma":"majesté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of respecté","gloss":"majesty"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"allegorie-s1-l9","source":"Elle marche en déesse et repose en sultane;","translation":"She walks like a goddess and reclines like a sultana;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"en déesse... en sultane","title":"«en» + noun = 'as / like a'","body":"«en» before a bare noun means 'in the manner of, as': «marche en déesse» = 'walks as a goddess', «repose en sultane» = 'rests as a sultana'. The parallel pairs divine bearing with oriental, sensual idleness."}],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of marche","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"marche","lemma":"marcher","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walks"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking déesse","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"déesse","lemma":"déesse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of marche","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"repose","lemma":"reposer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with marche","gloss":"reclines"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sultane","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"sultane","lemma":"sultane","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of repose","gloss":"sultana"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"allegorie-s1-l10","source":"Elle a dans le plaisir la foi mahométane,","translation":"She has in pleasure the faith of a Mohammedan,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of a","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plaisir","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of plaisir","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plaisir","lemma":"plaisir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of a","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of foi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"foi","lemma":"foi","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of a","gloss":"faith"},{"surface":"mahométane","lemma":"mahométan","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies foi","gloss":"Mohammedan"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"allegorie-s1-l11","source":"Et dans ses bras ouverts, que remplissent ses seins,","translation":"and in her open arms, which her breasts fill,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que remplissent ses seins","title":"Subject–verb inversion after «que»","body":"In «ses bras ouverts, que remplissent ses seins», «que» is the object (the arms) and «ses seins» (her breasts) is the postponed subject: 'her open arms, which her breasts fill'. Inverting the subject after a relative «que» is a common verse move that keeps the rhyme word at the line's end."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bras","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bras","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"bras","lemma":"bras","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of dans, antecedent of que","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"ouverts","lemma":"ouvrir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies bras","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of remplissent","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"remplissent","lemma":"remplir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on bras","gloss":"fill"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of seins","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"seins","lemma":"sein","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of remplissent","gloss":"breasts"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"allegorie-s1-l12","source":"Elle appelle des yeux la race des humains.","translation":"she summons with her eyes the race of humankind.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"appelle des yeux","title":"«des yeux» = 'with the eyes'","body":"«appeler des yeux» = 'to call / beckon with one's eyes'. The bare «des yeux» functions adverbially ('by eye, with a look'). She does not speak; a glance is enough to call all mankind into her open arms."}],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of appelle","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"appelle","lemma":"appeler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"summons"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yeux","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument (instrument) of appelle","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of race","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"race","lemma":"race","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of appelle","gloss":"race"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking humains","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"humains","lemma":"humain","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies race","gloss":"humankind"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"allegorie-s1-l13","source":"Elle croit, elle sait, cette vierge inféconde","translation":"She believes, she knows, this barren virgin","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vierge inféconde","title":"inféconde","body":"«inféconde» = 'infertile, barren'. The paradox is pointed: she is a «vierge» (virgin) in the sense of producing nothing, sterile — yet, the next line insists, indispensable to the world's turning. She is pleasure detached from generation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of croit","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"croit","lemma":"croire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believes"},{"surface":"elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sait","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"sait","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with croit","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"cette","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vierge","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"vierge","lemma":"vierge","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"apposition to Elle","gloss":"virgin"},{"surface":"inféconde","lemma":"infécond","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies vierge","gloss":"barren"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"allegorie-s1-l14","source":"Et pourtant nécessaire à la marche du monde,","translation":"and yet necessary to the running of the world,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pourtant","lemma":"pourtant","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nécessaire","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"nécessaire","lemma":"nécessaire","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with inféconde, modifies vierge","gloss":"necessary"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking marche","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of marche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"marche","lemma":"marche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of nécessaire","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking monde","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies marche","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"allegorie-s1-l15","source":"Que la beauté du corps est un sublime don","translation":"that the body's beauty is a sublime gift","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Que la beauté...","title":"«que» completing «croit / sait»","body":"This «Que» opens the content clause governed back in line 13 by «Elle croit, elle sait» — 'She believes, she knows... that the body's beauty is a sublime gift'. The two intervening lines are parenthetical; her creed only completes here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the complement clause of croit/sait","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of beauté","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"beauté","lemma":"beauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"beauty"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corps","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"corps","lemma":"corps","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies beauté","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to don","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of don","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sublime","lemma":"sublime","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies don","gloss":"sublime"},{"surface":"don","lemma":"don","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominal","gloss":"gift"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"allegorie-s1-l16","source":"Qui de toute infamie arrache le pardon.","translation":"that wrests pardon from every infamy.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"de toute infamie arrache le pardon","title":"Fronted «de» complement","body":"Order restored: «arrache le pardon de toute infamie» — 'wrings pardon out of every infamy'. «arracher» = 'to tear / wrench out'; beauty does not earn forgiveness, it forcibly extracts it from any disgrace."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of arrache","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking infamie","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"toute","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies infamie","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"infamie","lemma":"infamie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of arrache","gloss":"infamy"},{"surface":"arrache","lemma":"arracher","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on don","gloss":"wrests"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pardon","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pardon","lemma":"pardon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of arrache","gloss":"pardon"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"allegorie-s1-l17","source":"Elle ignore l'Enfer comme le Purgatoire,","translation":"She is ignorant of Hell as of Purgatory,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ignore","title":"ignorer (false friend)","body":"«ignorer» does not mean 'to ignore'; it means 'to not know, to be unaware of'. «Elle ignore l'Enfer» = 'She knows nothing of Hell' — she has no fear of damnation because the very ideas of Hell and Purgatory mean nothing to her."}],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ignore","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ignore","lemma":"ignorer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is ignorant of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Enfer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enfer","lemma":"enfer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ignore","gloss":"Hell"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces comparison with Purgatoire","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Purgatoire","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Purgatoire","lemma":"purgatoire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comme (comparison), coordinated with Enfer","gloss":"Purgatory"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"allegorie-s1-l18","source":"Et quand l'heure viendra d'entrer dans la Nuit noire","translation":"and when the hour comes to enter the black Night,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"quand l'heure viendra","title":"Future after «quand»","body":"After «quand» pointing to the future, French uses the future tense where English uses the present: «quand l'heure viendra» = literally 'when the hour will come', i.e. 'when the hour comes'. «la Nuit noire» is death itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quand","lemma":"quand","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of viendra","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of heure","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"heure","lemma":"heure","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of viendra","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"viendra","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of entrer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"entrer","lemma":"entrer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of viendra","gloss":"enter"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nuit","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Nuit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Nuit","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of entrer","gloss":"Night","note":"Capitalized as a personification, like Death two lines below."},{"surface":"noire","lemma":"noir","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Nuit","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"allegorie-s1-l19","source":"Elle regardera la face de la Mort,","translation":"she will look upon the face of Death,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of regardera","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"regardera","lemma":"regarder","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will look"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of face","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"face","lemma":"face","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of regardera","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Mort","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Mort","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mort","lemma":"mort","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies face","gloss":"Death"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"allegorie-s1-l20","source":"Ainsi qu'un nouveau-né, — sans haine et sans remords.","translation":"as a newborn would, — without hatred and without remorse.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ainsi qu'un nouveau-né","title":"«ainsi que» = 'just as / like'","body":"«ainsi que» introduces a comparison: 'just as, like'. She will meet Death «ainsi qu'un nouveau-né» — like a newborn — with the same blank innocence, «sans haine et sans remords». The closing simile makes her amorality complete: no guilt, because no knowledge of sin."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the comparison with qu'","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Ainsi","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nouveau","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nouveau","lemma":"nouveau","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"part of the compound nouveau-né","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"né","lemma":"naître","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"head of the compound nouveau-né","gloss":"born"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking haine","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"haine","lemma":"haine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"depends on né","gloss":"hatred"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking remords","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"remords","lemma":"remords","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with haine","gloss":"remorse"}]}]}