{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"au-lecteur","title":{"source":"Au Lecteur","translated":"To the Reader"},"section":"To the Reader","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/au-lecteur","lines":40},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/dedicace","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/benediction","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"au-lecteur-s1-l1","source":"La sottise, l'erreur, le péché, la lésine,","translation":"Folly, error, sin, and stinginess","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of sottise","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"sottise","lemma":"sottise","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Occupent (next segment)","gloss":"Folly"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of erreur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"erreur","lemma":"erreur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with sottise","gloss":"error"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of péché","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"péché","lemma":"péché","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with sottise","gloss":"sin"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lésine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lésine","lemma":"lésine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with sottise","gloss":"stinginess"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"au-lecteur-s1-l2","source":"Occupent nos esprits et travaillent nos corps,","translation":"occupy our minds and work upon our bodies,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Occupent","lemma":"occuper","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"occupy"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of esprits","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"esprits","lemma":"esprit","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Occupent","gloss":"minds"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"travaillent","lemma":"travailler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinated with Occupent","gloss":"work upon"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of corps","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"corps","lemma":"corps","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of travaillent","gloss":"bodies"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"au-lecteur-s1-l3","source":"Et nous alimentons nos aimables remords,","translation":"and we feed our agreeable remorse,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aimables remords","title":"alimenter / aimable","body":"«alimenter» = 'to feed, to nourish'; «aimable» usually means 'kind, amiable'. The yoking of «aimables remords» — 'agreeable remorse' — is deliberately perverse: we cherish and fatten our guilt rather than be rid of it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of alimentons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"alimentons","lemma":"alimenter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feed"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of remords","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"aimables","lemma":"aimable","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies remords","gloss":"agreeable"},{"surface":"remords","lemma":"remords","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of alimentons","gloss":"remorse"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"au-lecteur-s1-l4","source":"Comme les mendiants nourrissent leur vermine.","translation":"as beggars nourish their vermin.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of nourrissent","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of mendiants","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mendiants","lemma":"mendiant","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of nourrissent","gloss":"beggars"},{"surface":"nourrissent","lemma":"nourrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"nourish"},{"surface":"leur","lemma":"leur","morphology":"possessive determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vermine","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"vermine","lemma":"vermine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of nourrissent","gloss":"vermin"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"au-lecteur-s2-l1","source":"Nos péchés sont têtus, nos repentirs sont lâches;","translation":"Our sins are stubborn, our repentances cowardly;","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of péchés","gloss":"Our"},{"surface":"péchés","lemma":"péché","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of têtus","gloss":"sins"},{"surface":"sont","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to têtus","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"têtus","lemma":"têtu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"stubborn"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of repentirs","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"repentirs","lemma":"repentir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with péchés","gloss":"repentances"},{"surface":"sont","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to lâches","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"lâches","lemma":"lâche","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with têtus","gloss":"cowardly"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"au-lecteur-s2-l2","source":"Nous nous faisons payer grassement nos aveux,","translation":"we have ourselves richly paid for our confessions,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nous nous faisons payer","title":"se faire + infinitive (causative)","body":"«se faire payer» = 'to get oneself paid / to have oneself paid'. The reflexive «se» plus «faire» + infinitive is the causative: the subject has an action done. «Nous nous faisons payer nos aveux» = 'we have ourselves paid for our confessions' — we extract a price for confessing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of faisons","gloss":"We"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural, reflexive","role":"indirect object of payer (beneficiary of the causative)","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"faisons","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural, causative","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"payer","lemma":"payer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of faisons","gloss":"pay for"},{"surface":"grassement","lemma":"grassement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies payer","gloss":"richly"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of aveux","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"aveux","lemma":"aveu","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of payer","gloss":"confessions"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"au-lecteur-s2-l3","source":"Et nous rentrons gaiement dans le chemin bourbeux,","translation":"and we return gaily down the miry road,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of rentrons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"rentrons","lemma":"rentrer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"gaiement","lemma":"gaiement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rentrons","gloss":"gaily"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chemin","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of chemin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chemin","lemma":"chemin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of rentrons","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"bourbeux","lemma":"bourbeux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies chemin","gloss":"miry"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"au-lecteur-s2-l4","source":"Croyant par de vils pleurs laver toutes nos taches.","translation":"believing that base tears wash away all our stains.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Croyant","lemma":"croire","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"coordinated with rentrons (previous segment)","gloss":"believing"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pleurs","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural (reduced 'des' before a preceding adjective)","role":"determiner of pleurs","gloss":"some","note":"'des' reduces to 'de' when an adjective precedes the plural noun."},{"surface":"vils","lemma":"vil","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pleurs","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"pleurs","lemma":"pleur","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of par","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"laver","lemma":"laver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Croyant","gloss":"wash away"},{"surface":"toutes","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of taches","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of taches","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"taches","lemma":"tache","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of laver","gloss":"stains"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"au-lecteur-s3-l1","source":"Sur l'oreiller du mal c'est Satan Trismégiste","translation":"On the pillow of evil it is Satan Trismegistus","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oreiller","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oreiller","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oreiller","lemma":"oreiller","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Sur","gloss":"pillow"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mal","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mal","lemma":"mal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oreiller","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"c'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Satan","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Satan","lemma":"Satan","morphology":"proper noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Satan"},{"surface":"Trismégiste","lemma":"Trismégiste","morphology":"proper noun","role":"depends on Satan","gloss":"Trismegistus"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"au-lecteur-s3-l2","source":"Qui berce longuement notre esprit enchanté,","translation":"who long lulls our enchanted spirit,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of berce, referring to Satan","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"berce","lemma":"bercer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"lulls"},{"surface":"longuement","lemma":"longuement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies berce","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"notre","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esprit","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"esprit","lemma":"esprit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of berce","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"enchanté","lemma":"enchanté","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies esprit","gloss":"enchanted"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"au-lecteur-s3-l3","source":"Et le riche métal de notre volonté","translation":"and the rich metal of our will","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of métal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"riche","lemma":"riche","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies métal","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"métal","lemma":"métal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Est (next segment)","gloss":"metal"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking volonté","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"notre","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of volonté","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"volonté","lemma":"volonté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of de","gloss":"will"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"au-lecteur-s3-l4","source":"Est tout vaporisé par ce savant chimiste.","translation":"is wholly vaporized by that learned chemist.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of vaporisé, agrees with métal (previous segment)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vaporisé","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"vaporisé","lemma":"vaporiser","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"vaporized"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chimiste","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of chimiste","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"savant","lemma":"savant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies chimiste","gloss":"learned"},{"surface":"chimiste","lemma":"chimiste","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of par, agent of vaporisé","gloss":"chemist"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"au-lecteur-s4-l1","source":"C'est le Diable qui tient les fils qui nous remuent!","translation":"It is the Devil who holds the strings that move us!","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"qui nous remuent","title":"Relative «qui» + object pronoun","body":"«qui» is the subject relative ('that/which'), here standing for «les fils» (the strings). «nous» is the object: «les fils qui nous remuent» = 'the strings that move us'. The Devil is the puppeteer; we are the marionettes."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"It"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Diable","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Diable","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Diable","lemma":"diable","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Devil"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of tient","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tient","lemma":"tenir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Diable","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fils","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fils","lemma":"fil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tient","gloss":"strings"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of remuent","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of remuent","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"remuent","lemma":"remuer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on fils","gloss":"move"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"au-lecteur-s4-l2","source":"Aux objets répugnants nous trouvons des appas;","translation":"In repugnant objects we find allurements;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking objets","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"objets","lemma":"objet","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of trouvons","gloss":"objects"},{"surface":"répugnants","lemma":"répugnant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies objets","gloss":"repugnant"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of trouvons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"trouvons","lemma":"trouver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of appas","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"appas","lemma":"appas","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of trouvons","gloss":"allurements"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"au-lecteur-s4-l3","source":"Chaque jour vers l'Enfer nous descendons d'un pas,","translation":"each day toward Hell we descend one step,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chaque","lemma":"chaque","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of jour","gloss":"Each"},{"surface":"jour","lemma":"jour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on descendons","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"vers","lemma":"vers","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Enfer","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Enfer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enfer","lemma":"enfer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of vers","gloss":"Hell"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of descendons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"descendons","lemma":"descendre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"descend"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pas","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pas","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of descendons","gloss":"step"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"au-lecteur-s4-l4","source":"Sans horreur, à travers des ténèbres qui puent.","translation":"without horror, through stinking darknesses.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horreur","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"horreur","lemma":"horreur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of Sans","gloss":"horror"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition (part of the compound à travers)","role":"part of the idiom à travers, modifies descendons","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"travers","lemma":"travers","morphology":"noun, masculine (part of the compound à travers)","role":"part of the idiom à travers","gloss":"through","note":"'à travers' is a fixed compound preposition meaning 'through'."},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ténèbres","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ténèbres","lemma":"ténèbre","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of à travers","gloss":"darknesses"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of puent","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"puent","lemma":"puer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on ténèbres","gloss":"stink"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"au-lecteur-s5-l1","source":"Ainsi qu'un débauché pauvre qui baise et mange","translation":"Like a poor debauchee who kisses and devours","stanza":5,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb (part of the correlative ainsi que)","role":"head of the comparison, links to débauché","gloss":"Like"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction (part of ainsi que)","role":"part of the correlative Ainsi... que","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of débauché","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"débauché","lemma":"débauché","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of the comparison Ainsi que","gloss":"debauchee"},{"surface":"pauvre","lemma":"pauvre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies débauché","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of baise","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"baise","lemma":"baiser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on débauché","gloss":"kisses"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mange","lemma":"manger","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with baise","gloss":"bites","note":"Literally 'eats/gnaws'; rendered 'bites' to match the translation."}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"au-lecteur-s5-l2","source":"Le sein martyrisé d'une antique catin,","translation":"the martyred breast of some ancient whore,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sein","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of baise and mange (previous segment)","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"martyrisé","lemma":"martyriser","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sein","gloss":"martyred"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking catin, modifies sein","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of catin","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"antique","lemma":"antique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies catin","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"catin","lemma":"catin","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of d'","gloss":"whore"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"au-lecteur-s5-l3","source":"Nous volons au passage un plaisir clandestin","translation":"we steal in passing a clandestine pleasure","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of volons","gloss":"We"},{"surface":"volons","lemma":"voler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"steal"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"contraction of à + le","role":"preposition marking passage","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"passage","lemma":"passage","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of volons","gloss":"passing"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of plaisir","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"plaisir","lemma":"plaisir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of volons","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"clandestin","lemma":"clandestin","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies plaisir","gloss":"clandestine"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"au-lecteur-s5-l4","source":"Que nous pressons bien fort comme une vieille orange.","translation":"that we squeeze hard like an old orange.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"direct object of pressons, referring to plaisir","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of pressons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"pressons","lemma":"presser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"squeeze"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fort","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"fort","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pressons","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orange","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of orange","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"vieille","lemma":"vieux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies orange","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"orange","lemma":"orange","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"orange"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"au-lecteur-s6-l1","source":"Serré, fourmillant, comme un million d'helminthes,","translation":"Packed, swarming, like a million helminths,","stanza":6,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"helminthes","title":"helminthe (m.)","body":"«helminthe» is the learned (Greek-derived) word for an intestinal worm. The clinical term, set beside «fourmillant» ('swarming'), makes the swarm of inner Demons feel like a literal parasitic infestation of the brain."}],"words":[{"surface":"Serré","lemma":"serré","morphology":"adjective/past participle, masculine, singular","role":"modifies peuple (next segment)","gloss":"Packed"},{"surface":"fourmillant","lemma":"fourmiller","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"coordinated with Serré, modifies peuple (next segment)","gloss":"swarming"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking million","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of million","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"million","lemma":"million","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"million"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking helminthes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"helminthes","lemma":"helminthe","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies million","gloss":"helminths","note":"Helminths are parasitic worms."}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"au-lecteur-s6-l2","source":"Dans nos cerveaux ribote un peuple de Démons,","translation":"a people of Demons carouses in our brains,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cerveaux","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of cerveaux","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"cerveaux","lemma":"cerveau","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of Dans","gloss":"brains"},{"surface":"ribote","lemma":"riboter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carouses"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peuple","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"peuple","lemma":"peuple","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ribote (inverted word order)","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Démons","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Démons","lemma":"démon","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies peuple","gloss":"Demons"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"au-lecteur-s6-l3","source":"Et, quand nous respirons, la Mort dans nos poumons","translation":"and, when we breathe, Death into our lungs","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"quand","lemma":"quand","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of respirons","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of respirons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"respirons","lemma":"respirer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the subordinate clause","gloss":"breathe"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Mort","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mort","lemma":"mort","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Descend (next segment)","gloss":"Death"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poumons, modifies Descend (next segment)","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of poumons","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"poumons","lemma":"poumon","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of dans","gloss":"lungs"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"au-lecteur-s6-l4","source":"Descend, fleuve invisible, avec de sourdes plaintes.","translation":"descends, an invisible river, with muffled moans.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Descend","lemma":"descendre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence, subject is Mort (previous segment)","gloss":"descends"},{"surface":"fleuve","lemma":"fleuve","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Mort","gloss":"a river"},{"surface":"invisible","lemma":"invisible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies fleuve","gloss":"invisible"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plaintes","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural (reduced 'des' before a preceding adjective)","role":"determiner of plaintes","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"sourdes","lemma":"sourd","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies plaintes","gloss":"muffled"},{"surface":"plaintes","lemma":"plainte","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of avec","gloss":"moans"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"au-lecteur-s7-l1","source":"Si le viol, le poison, le poignard, l'incendie,","translation":"If rape, poison, the dagger, arson","stanza":7,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the conditional clause","gloss":"If"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of viol","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"viol","lemma":"viol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ont (next segment)","gloss":"rape"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poison","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poison","lemma":"poison","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with viol","gloss":"poison"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poignard","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poignard","lemma":"poignard","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with viol","gloss":"dagger"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of incendie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"incendie","lemma":"incendie","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with viol","gloss":"arson"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"au-lecteur-s7-l2","source":"N'ont pas encor brodé de leurs plaisants dessins","translation":"have not yet embroidered with their pleasing designs","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"N'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb (negation)","role":"modifies brodé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ont","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of brodé, subject is viol/poison/poignard/incendie (previous segment)","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb (negation)","role":"modifies brodé","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"encor","lemma":"encore","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies brodé","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"brodé","lemma":"broder","morphology":"verb, past, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"embroidered"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dessins","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dessins","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"plaisants","lemma":"plaisant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies dessins","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"dessins","lemma":"dessin","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de","gloss":"designs"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"au-lecteur-s7-l3","source":"Le canevas banal de nos piteux destins,","translation":"the banal canvas of our pitiable destinies,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of canevas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"canevas","lemma":"canevas","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of brodé (previous segment)","gloss":"canvas"},{"surface":"banal","lemma":"banal","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies canevas","gloss":"banal"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking destins","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of destins","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"piteux","lemma":"piteux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies destins","gloss":"pitiable"},{"surface":"destins","lemma":"destin","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de, modifies canevas","gloss":"destinies"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"au-lecteur-s7-l4","source":"C'est que notre âme, hélas! n'est pas assez hardie.","translation":"it is that our soul, alas! is not bold enough.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"assez hardie","title":"hardi(e)","body":"«hardi(e)» = 'bold, daring, audacious'. The twist of the stanza: we have not committed the great crimes (rape, poison, the dagger, arson) only because our soul «n'est pas assez hardie» — is not bold enough — not because we are good."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"It"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (c'est que = it is that)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of hardie","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"notre","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of âme","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"âme","lemma":"âme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hardie","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"hélas","lemma":"hélas","morphology":"interjection","role":"parenthetical, depends on âme","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb (negation)","role":"modifies hardie","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to hardie","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb (negation)","role":"modifies assez","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"assez","lemma":"assez","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies hardie","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"hardie","lemma":"hardi","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"bold"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"au-lecteur-s8-l1","source":"Mais parmi les chacals, les panthères, les lices,","translation":"But among the jackals, the panthers, the bitch-hounds,","stanza":8,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mais","lemma":"mais","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"parmi","lemma":"parmi","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chacals","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of chacals","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chacals","lemma":"chacal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of parmi","gloss":"jackals"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of panthères","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"panthères","lemma":"panthère","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with chacals","gloss":"panthers"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of lices","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lices","lemma":"lice","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with chacals","gloss":"bitch-hounds"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"au-lecteur-s8-l2","source":"Les singes, les scorpions, les vautours, les serpents,","translation":"the apes, the scorpions, the vultures, the serpents,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of singes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"singes","lemma":"singe","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with chacals (previous segment)","gloss":"apes"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of scorpions","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"scorpions","lemma":"scorpion","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with singes","gloss":"scorpions"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vautours","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vautours","lemma":"vautour","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with scorpions","gloss":"vultures"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of serpents","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"serpents","lemma":"serpent","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with vautours","gloss":"serpents"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"au-lecteur-s8-l3","source":"Les monstres glapissants, hurlants, grognants, rampants,","translation":"the yelping, howling, growling, crawling monsters,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of monstres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"monstres","lemma":"monstre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with singes (previous segment)","gloss":"monsters"},{"surface":"glapissants","lemma":"glapissant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies monstres","gloss":"yelping"},{"surface":"hurlants","lemma":"hurlant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with glapissants","gloss":"howling"},{"surface":"grognants","lemma":"grognant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with glapissants","gloss":"growling"},{"surface":"rampants","lemma":"rampant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with glapissants","gloss":"crawling"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"au-lecteur-s8-l4","source":"Dans la ménagerie infâme de nos vices,","translation":"in the infamous menagerie of our vices,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ménagerie","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ménagerie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ménagerie","lemma":"ménagerie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of Dans","gloss":"menagerie"},{"surface":"infâme","lemma":"infâme","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies ménagerie","gloss":"infamous"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vices","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vices","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"vices","lemma":"vice","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de, modifies ménagerie","gloss":"vices"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"au-lecteur-s9-l1","source":"Il en est un plus laid, plus méchant, plus immonde!","translation":"there is one uglier, more wicked, more unclean!","stanza":9,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Il en est un","title":"«il en est» = il y en a","body":"«il en est un» is a literary equivalent of «il y en a un» — 'there is one of them'. «en» refers back to the monsters of the menagerie; «il est» here is the elevated form of «il y a». So: 'among them there is one…' — and the next lines unmask it as Ennui."}],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal","role":"impersonal subject of est","gloss":"There"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun (partitive, referring to the vices)","role":"depends on un/est","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular, impersonal","role":"main verb of the sentence (il en est un = there is one of them)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of est, head of the phrase","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies laid","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"laid","lemma":"laid","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies un","gloss":"ugly"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies méchant","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"méchant","lemma":"méchant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with laid, modifies un","gloss":"wicked"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies immonde","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"immonde","lemma":"immonde","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with laid, modifies un","gloss":"unclean"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"au-lecteur-s9-l2","source":"Quoiqu'il ne pousse ni grands gestes ni grands cris,","translation":"Though it makes neither grand gestures nor grand cries,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quoiqu'","lemma":"quoique","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of pousse","gloss":"Though"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pousse, referring to Il (previous segment)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb (negation, ne...ni...ni)","role":"modifies pousse","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pousse","lemma":"pousser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the subordinate clause","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction (correlative ne...ni...ni)","role":"negates gestes, correlative with the second ni","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"grands","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies gestes","gloss":"grand"},{"surface":"gestes","lemma":"geste","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of pousse","gloss":"gestures"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction (correlative ne...ni...ni)","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"grands","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cris","gloss":"grand"},{"surface":"cris","lemma":"cri","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with gestes","gloss":"cries"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"au-lecteur-s9-l3","source":"Il ferait volontiers de la terre un débris","translation":"it would gladly make of the earth a heap of rubble","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ferait","gloss":"It"},{"surface":"ferait","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, present, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would make"},{"surface":"volontiers","lemma":"volontiers","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ferait","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terre (faire de X un Y construction)","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of terre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terre","lemma":"terre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of ferait","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of débris","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"débris","lemma":"débris","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate object of ferait, modifies terre","gloss":"wreck"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"au-lecteur-s9-l4","source":"Et dans un bâillement avalerait le monde;","translation":"and in a single yawn would swallow the world;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bâillement","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bâillement","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bâillement","lemma":"bâillement","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of the preposition dans","gloss":"yawn"},{"surface":"avalerait","lemma":"avaler","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would swallow"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of avalerait","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"au-lecteur-s10-l1","source":"C'est l'Ennui! L'oeil chargé d'un pleur involontaire,","translation":"it is Ennui! — his eye laden with an involuntary tear,","stanza":10,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"l'Ennui","title":"l'Ennui","body":"«ennui» is far stronger than English 'boredom': a soul-deep weariness, listless despair, the spleen that pervades the whole book. Capitalized and personified, it is the ugliest monster of all — the one that, yawning, would swallow the world."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Ennui","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Ennui","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ennui","lemma":"ennui","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of est","gloss":"Ennui"},{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oeil","gloss":"his","note":"French uses the definite article where English uses a possessive with body parts."},{"surface":"oeil","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase, in apposition to C'est l'Ennui","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"chargé","lemma":"charger","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying oeil","gloss":"laden"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pleur","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pleur","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"pleur","lemma":"pleur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of chargé","gloss":"tear"},{"surface":"involontaire","lemma":"involontaire","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies pleur","gloss":"involuntary"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"au-lecteur-s10-l2","source":"Il rêve d'échafauds en fumant son houka.","translation":"he dreams of scaffolds while smoking his hookah.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rêve","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"rêve","lemma":"rêver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dreams"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking échafauds","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"échafauds","lemma":"échafaud","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of rêve","gloss":"scaffolds"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the gerund fumant","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"fumant","lemma":"fumer","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"adverbial gerund modifying rêve","gloss":"smoking"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of houka","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"houka","lemma":"houka","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fumant","gloss":"hookah"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"au-lecteur-s10-l3","source":"Tu le connais, lecteur, ce monstre délicat,","translation":"You know him, reader, this dainty monster,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of connais","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of connais","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"connais","lemma":"connaître","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"lecteur","lemma":"lecteur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, direct address to the reader","gloss":"reader"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monstre","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"monstre","lemma":"monstre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to le, direct object of connais","gloss":"monster"},{"surface":"délicat","lemma":"délicat","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies monstre","gloss":"dainty"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"au-lecteur-s10-l4","source":"— Hypocrite lecteur, — mon semblable, — mon frère!","translation":"— hypocrite reader, — my likeness, — my brother!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hypocrite","lemma":"hypocrite","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies lecteur","gloss":"hypocrite"},{"surface":"lecteur","lemma":"lecteur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, head of the phrase","gloss":"reader"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of semblable","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"semblable","lemma":"semblable","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to lecteur","gloss":"likeness"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of frère","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"frère","lemma":"frère","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to lecteur","gloss":"brother"}]}]}