{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"benediction","title":{"source":"Bénédiction","translated":"Benediction"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/benediction","lines":76},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/au-lecteur","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/l-albatros","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"benediction-s1-l1","source":"Lorsque, par un décret des puissances suprêmes,","translation":"When, by a decree of the supreme powers,","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lorsque","lemma":"lorsque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of apparaît (next line)","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking décret","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of décret","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"décret","lemma":"décret","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of apparaît (next line)","gloss":"decree"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puissances","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"puissances","lemma":"puissance","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies décret","gloss":"powers"},{"surface":"suprêmes","lemma":"suprême","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies puissances","gloss":"supreme"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"benediction-s1-l2","source":"Le Poète apparaît en ce monde ennuyé,","translation":"The Poet appears in this bored world,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Poète","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Poète","lemma":"poète","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of apparaît","gloss":"Poet"},{"surface":"apparaît","lemma":"apparaître","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"appears"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking monde","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monde","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of apparaît","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"ennuyé","lemma":"ennuyer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying monde","gloss":"bored"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"benediction-s1-l3","source":"Sa mère épouvantée et pleine de blasphèmes","translation":"His mother, terrified and full of blasphemies,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mère","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"mère","lemma":"mère","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Crispe (next line)","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"épouvantée","lemma":"épouvanté","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mère","gloss":"terrified"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pleine","lemma":"plein","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with épouvantée","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking blasphèmes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"blasphèmes","lemma":"blasphème","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pleine","gloss":"blasphemies"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"benediction-s1-l4","source":"Crispe ses poings vers Dieu, qui la prend en pitié:","translation":"Clenches her fists toward God, who takes pity on her:","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"prendre en pitié","title":"prendre en pitié","body":"A fixed idiom: «prendre qqn. en pitié» = 'to take pity on someone'. Literally 'to take someone into pity'. Here «qui la prend en pitié» = 'who takes pity on her'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Crispe","lemma":"crisper","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: mère, previous line)","gloss":"clenches"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of poings","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"poings","lemma":"poing","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Crispe","gloss":"fists"},{"surface":"vers","lemma":"vers","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dieu","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Dieu","lemma":"Dieu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique argument of Crispe","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of prend","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of prend","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"prend","lemma":"prendre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Dieu","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom prendre en pitié (to take pity on)","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"pitié","lemma":"pitié","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of en, idiom prendre en pitié","gloss":"pity"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"benediction-s2-l1","source":"— «Ah! que n'ai-je mis bas tout un noeud de vipères,","translation":"— \"Ah! why did I not spawn a whole knot of vipers,","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que n'ai-je","title":"«que ne» + inversion = a wish or reproach","body":"«que n'ai-je…» is an exclamatory turn meaning 'why did I not…' / 'would that I had…'. The «ne» is not a true negative here; «que ne» + inverted verb expresses regret or longing. «mettre bas» = 'to give birth' (of an animal)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation opening the clause","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the exclamative clause (que ne... = why did not...)","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates ai...mis","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"depends on mis","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"-je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of mis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"mis","lemma":"mettre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine","role":"main verb of the sentence, idiom mettre bas (to give birth, of animals)","gloss":"spawned","note":"'mettre bas' is an idiom for animals giving birth, used here contemptuously."},{"surface":"bas","lemma":"bas","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom mettre bas","gloss":"forth"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies noeud","gloss":"a whole"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of noeud","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"noeud","lemma":"noeud","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mis","gloss":"knot"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vipères","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vipères","lemma":"vipère","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies noeud","gloss":"vipers"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"benediction-s2-l2","source":"Plutôt que de nourrir cette dérision!","translation":"Rather than nourish this object of derision!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Plutôt","lemma":"plutôt","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlates with que, rather than","gloss":"rather"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase plutôt que","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive nourrir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nourrir","lemma":"nourrir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of plutôt que de","gloss":"nourish"},{"surface":"cette","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of dérision","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"dérision","lemma":"dérision","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of nourrir","gloss":"derision"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"benediction-s2-l3","source":"Maudite soit la nuit aux plaisirs éphémères","translation":"Cursed be the night of fleeting pleasures","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Maudite soit","title":"Subjunctive of malediction","body":"«soit» is the present subjunctive of «être», used here for a curse: «maudite soit la nuit» = 'cursed be the night'. The verb comes before its subject, a formula for solemn wishes (cf. 'blessed be…')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Maudite","lemma":"maudit","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective with soit, curse formula (cursed be...)","gloss":"cursed"},{"surface":"soit","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking Maudite to nuit","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuit","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of soit","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plaisirs","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"plaisirs","lemma":"plaisir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies nuit","gloss":"pleasures"},{"surface":"éphémères","lemma":"éphémère","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies plaisirs","gloss":"fleeting"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"benediction-s2-l4","source":"Où mon ventre a conçu mon expiation!","translation":"When my womb conceived my expiation!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative referring to nuit (previous line), temporal","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ventre","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ventre","lemma":"ventre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of conçu","gloss":"womb"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on conçu","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"conçu","lemma":"concevoir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"conceived"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of expiation","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"expiation","lemma":"expiation","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of conçu","gloss":"expiation"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"benediction-s3-l1","source":"Puisque tu m'as choisie entre toutes les femmes","translation":"Since you have chosen me from among all women","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"m'as choisie","title":"Past participle agreement","body":"With «avoir», the past participle agrees with a preceding direct object. Here «m'» (the mother, feminine) precedes «choisi», so it takes a feminine «-e»: «tu m'as choisie» = 'you have chosen me'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Puisque","lemma":"puisque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of choisie","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of choisie","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"m'","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular, first-person","role":"direct object of choisie","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"as","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"depends on choisie","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"choisie","lemma":"choisir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"chosen"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking femmes","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"toutes","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies femmes","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of femmes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"femmes","lemma":"femme","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of entre","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"benediction-s3-l2","source":"Pour être le dégoût de mon triste mari,","translation":"To be the disgust of my sorrowful husband,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive être, in order to","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"être","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to dégoût","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dégoût","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dégoût","lemma":"dégoût","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of être","gloss":"disgust"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mari","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mari","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies mari","gloss":"sorrowful"},{"surface":"mari","lemma":"mari","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dégoût","gloss":"husband"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"benediction-s3-l3","source":"Et que je ne puis pas rejeter dans les flammes,","translation":"And since I cannot cast back into the flames,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"je ne puis","title":"puis = literary 'je peux'","body":"«je puis» is the elevated, literary form of «je peux» ('I can'), from «pouvoir». «Et que…» continues the «Puisque» from the line above: 'and since I cannot…'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"continues the puisque clause","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of puis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates puis, with pas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"puis","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates puis, with ne","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"rejeter","lemma":"rejeter","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of puis","gloss":"cast back"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flammes","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of flammes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"flammes","lemma":"flamme","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of dans, depends on rejeter","gloss":"flames"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"benediction-s3-l4","source":"Comme un billet d'amour, ce monstre rabougri,","translation":"Like a love-note, this stunted monster,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking billet","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of billet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"billet","lemma":"billet","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"note"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amour","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"amour","lemma":"amour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies billet","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monstre","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"monstre","lemma":"monstre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to what je ne puis rejeter (previous line)","gloss":"monster"},{"surface":"rabougri","lemma":"rabougri","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies monstre","gloss":"stunted"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"benediction-s4-l1","source":"Je ferai rejaillir ta haine qui m'accable","translation":"I will make your hatred that crushes me rebound","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ferai rejaillir","title":"Causative «faire» + infinitive","body":"«faire» + infinitive means 'to make / cause (something) to happen'. «je ferai rejaillir ta haine» = 'I will make your hatred splash back / rebound'. «rejaillir» = to spurt or splash back."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ferai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ferai","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will make"},{"surface":"rejaillir","lemma":"rejaillir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of ferai","gloss":"rebound"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of haine","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"haine","lemma":"haine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of rejaillir","gloss":"hatred"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of accable","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"m'","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of accable","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"accable","lemma":"accabler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on haine","gloss":"crushes"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"benediction-s4-l2","source":"Sur l'instrument maudit de tes méchancetés,","translation":"Upon the accursed instrument of your cruelties,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking instrument","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of instrument","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"instrument","lemma":"instrument","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of sur","gloss":"instrument"},{"surface":"maudit","lemma":"maudit","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies instrument","gloss":"accursed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking méchancetés","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of méchancetés","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"méchancetés","lemma":"méchanceté","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies instrument","gloss":"cruelties"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"benediction-s4-l3","source":"Et je tordrai si bien cet arbre misérable,","translation":"And I will twist this wretched tree so well,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of tordrai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"tordrai","lemma":"tordre","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will twist"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies bien, correlates with que (next line)","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase si bien","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"cet","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of arbre","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"arbre","lemma":"arbre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tordrai","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"misérable","lemma":"misérable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies arbre","gloss":"wretched"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"benediction-s4-l4","source":"Qu'il ne pourra pousser ses boutons empestés!»","translation":"That it will never sprout its pestilent buds!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause (si bien que, previous line)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pourra","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates pourra","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pourra","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be able"},{"surface":"pousser","lemma":"pousser","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pourra","gloss":"sprout"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of boutons","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"boutons","lemma":"bouton","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of pousser","gloss":"buds"},{"surface":"empestés","lemma":"empester","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies boutons","gloss":"pestilent"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"benediction-s5-l1","source":"Elle ravale ainsi l'écume de sa haine,","translation":"So she swallows back the foam of her hatred,","stanza":5,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ravale","title":"ravaler","body":"«ravaler» = to swallow back, to choke down (something one would spit out). «ravaler l'écume de sa haine» — 'to swallow back the foam of her hatred' — pictures rage gulped down rather than spoken."}],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ravale","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ravale","lemma":"ravaler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swallows back"},{"surface":"ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ravale","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of écume","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"écume","lemma":"écume","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ravale","gloss":"foam"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking haine","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of haine","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"haine","lemma":"haine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies écume","gloss":"hatred"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"benediction-s5-l2","source":"Et, ne comprenant pas les desseins éternels,","translation":"And, not understanding the eternal designs,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates comprenant, with pas","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"comprenant","lemma":"comprendre","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"adverbial gerund modifying prépare (next line)","gloss":"understanding"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates comprenant, with ne","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of desseins","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"desseins","lemma":"dessein","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of comprenant","gloss":"designs"},{"surface":"éternels","lemma":"éternel","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies desseins","gloss":"eternal"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"benediction-s5-l3","source":"Elle-même prépare au fond de la Géhenne","translation":"She herself prepares, in the depths of Gehenna,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la Géhenne","title":"Gehenna","body":"«la Géhenne» (Gehenna) is a biblical name for hell, from the valley of Hinnom outside Jerusalem. The mother, blind to God's plan, unwittingly builds the pyres of her own damnation."}],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of prépare","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"même","lemma":"même","morphology":"adverb","role":"reinforces Elle, herself","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"prépare","lemma":"préparer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"prepares"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fond","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"fond","lemma":"fond","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of prépare","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Géhenne","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Géhenne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Géhenne","lemma":"Géhenne","morphology":"proper noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fond","gloss":"Gehenna"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"benediction-s5-l4","source":"Les bûchers consacrés aux crimes maternels.","translation":"The pyres consecrated to a mother's crimes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bûchers","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bûchers","lemma":"bûcher","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of prépare (previous line)","gloss":"pyres"},{"surface":"consacrés","lemma":"consacrer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying bûchers","gloss":"consecrated"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crimes","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"crimes","lemma":"crime","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of consacrés","gloss":"crimes"},{"surface":"maternels","lemma":"maternel","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies crimes","gloss":"maternal"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"benediction-s6-l1","source":"Pourtant, sous la tutelle invisible d'un Ange,","translation":"Yet, under the invisible guardianship of an Angel,","stanza":6,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pourtant","lemma":"pourtant","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"sous","lemma":"sous","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tutelle","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tutelle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tutelle","lemma":"tutelle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of s'enivre (next line)","gloss":"guardianship"},{"surface":"invisible","lemma":"invisible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies tutelle","gloss":"invisible"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ange","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Ange","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Ange","lemma":"ange","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tutelle","gloss":"Angel"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"benediction-s6-l2","source":"L'Enfant déshérité s'enivre de soleil","translation":"The disinherited Child grows drunk on sunlight","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"s'enivre de","title":"Reflexive verb + «de»","body":"«s'enivrer de qqch.» = 'to get drunk on / intoxicated with something'. The reflexive «se» makes it 'to make oneself drunk'; «de soleil» names what intoxicates him. It returns four lines later as «s'enivre en chantant»."}],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Enfant","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Enfant","lemma":"enfant","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"subject of s'enivre","gloss":"Child"},{"surface":"déshérité","lemma":"déshériter","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Enfant","gloss":"disinherited"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of enivre","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"enivre","lemma":"enivrer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grows drunk"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soleil","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"soleil","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies enivre","gloss":"sunlight"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"benediction-s6-l3","source":"Et dans tout ce qu'il boit et dans tout ce qu'il mange","translation":"And in all that he drinks and in all that he eats","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ce","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ce","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase, object of dans","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of boit","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of boit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"boit","lemma":"boire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on ce","gloss":"drinks"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ce","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ce","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun","role":"coordinated with ce","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of mange","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mange","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mange","lemma":"manger","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on ce","gloss":"eats"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"benediction-s6-l4","source":"Retrouve l'ambroisie et le nectar vermeil.","translation":"He finds again ambrosia and the crimson nectar.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"l'ambroisie et le nectar","title":"Ambrosia and nectar","body":"In Greek myth «l'ambroisie» (ambrosia) is the food and «le nectar» the drink of the gods, conferring immortality. «vermeil» = bright red, crimson. The blessed Child tastes the divine in ordinary bread and water."}],"words":[{"surface":"Retrouve","lemma":"retrouver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: Enfant, previous line)","gloss":"finds again"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ambroisie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ambroisie","lemma":"ambroisie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Retrouve","gloss":"ambrosia"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nectar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nectar","lemma":"nectar","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with ambroisie","gloss":"nectar"},{"surface":"vermeil","lemma":"vermeil","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies nectar","gloss":"crimson"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"benediction-s7-l1","source":"Il joue avec le vent, cause avec le nuage,","translation":"He plays with the wind, chats with the cloud,","stanza":7,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cause avec","title":"causer = to chat","body":"«causer (avec)» means 'to chat, to talk' — a false friend, not 'to cause'. «cause avec le nuage» = 'chats with the cloud'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of joue","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"joue","lemma":"jouer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"plays"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vent","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vent","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vent","lemma":"vent","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of joue","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"cause","lemma":"causer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with joue (subject: Il)","gloss":"chats"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuage","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nuage","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuage","lemma":"nuage","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of cause","gloss":"cloud"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"benediction-s7-l2","source":"Et s'enivre en chantant du chemin de la croix;","translation":"And, singing, grows drunk on the way of the cross;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of enivre","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"enivre","lemma":"enivrer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated main verb (subject: Il, s7-l1)","gloss":"grows drunk"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the gerund chantant","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"chantant","lemma":"chanter","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"adverbial gerund on enivre","gloss":"singing"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chemin","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"chemin","lemma":"chemin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of chantant","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking croix","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of croix","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"croix","lemma":"croix","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies chemin","gloss":"cross"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"benediction-s7-l3","source":"Et l'Esprit qui le suit dans son pèlerinage","translation":"And the Spirit that follows him on his pilgrimage","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Esprit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Esprit","lemma":"esprit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Pleure (next line)","gloss":"Spirit"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of suit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of suit","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"suit","lemma":"suivre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Esprit","gloss":"follows"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pèlerinage","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of pèlerinage","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pèlerinage","lemma":"pèlerinage","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of suit","gloss":"pilgrimage"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"benediction-s7-l4","source":"Pleure de le voir gai comme un oiseau des bois.","translation":"Weeps to see him merry as a bird of the woods.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pleure","lemma":"pleurer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: Esprit, previous line)","gloss":"weeps"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive voir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of voir","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"voir","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Pleure","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"gai","lemma":"gai","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"object complement of voir, describes le","gloss":"merry"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oiseau","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oiseau","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"oiseau","lemma":"oiseau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bois","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"bois","lemma":"bois","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies oiseau","gloss":"woods"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"benediction-s8-l1","source":"Tous ceux qu'il veut aimer l'observent avec crainte,","translation":"All those he would love watch him with dread,","stanza":8,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tous","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ceux","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ceux","lemma":"celui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of observent","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of aimer","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of veut","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"veut","lemma":"vouloir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on ceux","gloss":"wants"},{"surface":"aimer","lemma":"aimer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of veut","gloss":"to love"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of observent","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"observent","lemma":"observer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crainte","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"crainte","lemma":"crainte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"depends on observent","gloss":"dread"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"benediction-s8-l2","source":"Ou bien, s'enhardissant de sa tranquillité,","translation":"Or else, emboldened by his calm,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"s'enhardissant","title":"Reflexive present participle","body":"«s'enhardir» = 'to grow bold, to take courage' (from «hardi», bold). The present participle «s'enhardissant de…» = 'growing bold from / emboldened by…'; «de sa tranquillité» names the cause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase ou bien (or else)","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of enhardissant","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"enhardissant","lemma":"enhardir","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"adverbial gerund modifying Cherchent (next line)","gloss":"emboldened"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tranquillité","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tranquillité","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"tranquillité","lemma":"tranquillité","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of enhardissant","gloss":"calm"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"benediction-s8-l3","source":"Cherchent à qui saura lui tirer une plainte,","translation":"Vie to see who can wring a complaint from him,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cherchent","lemma":"chercher","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: Tous ceux, s8-l1), idiom chercher à qui (to vie over who)","gloss":"vie","note":"'chercher à qui saura' is an idiom: 'to compete to see who will manage to'."},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause qui saura","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of saura","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"saura","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on qui, idiom savoir + infinitive (know how to)","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of tirer","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"tirer","lemma":"tirer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of saura","gloss":"wring"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of plainte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"plainte","lemma":"plainte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tirer","gloss":"complaint"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"benediction-s8-l4","source":"Et font sur lui l'essai de leur férocité.","translation":"And test their ferocity upon him.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"font","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence, idiom faire l'essai de (to test)","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lui","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"object of sur","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of essai","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"essai","lemma":"essai","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of font","gloss":"trial"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking férocité","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"leur","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of férocité","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"férocité","lemma":"férocité","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies essai","gloss":"ferocity"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"benediction-s9-l1","source":"Dans le pain et le vin destinés à sa bouche","translation":"Into the bread and wine meant for his mouth","stanza":9,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pain","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pain","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pain","lemma":"pain","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Dans","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vin","lemma":"vin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with pain","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"destinés","lemma":"destiner","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying pain et vin","gloss":"meant"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bouche","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bouche","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"bouche","lemma":"bouche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of destinés","gloss":"mouth"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"benediction-s9-l2","source":"Ils mêlent de la cendre avec d'impurs crachats;","translation":"They mix ash with foul spittle;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ils","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of mêlent","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"mêlent","lemma":"mêler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mix"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"partitive article (with la), part 1","role":"partitive article marking cendre","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"partitive article, feminine singular","role":"partitive article of cendre","gloss":"some","note":"'de la cendre' is a partitive noun phrase ('some ash'), not a preposition + noun."},{"surface":"cendre","lemma":"cendre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of mêlent","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crachats","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"indefinite article, plural (reduced from 'des' before the preceding plural adjective impurs)","role":"indefinite article marking crachats","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"impurs","lemma":"impur","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies crachats","gloss":"foul"},{"surface":"crachats","lemma":"crachat","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of avec","gloss":"spittle"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"benediction-s9-l3","source":"Avec hypocrisie ils jettent ce qu'il touche,","translation":"Hypocritically they throw away whatever he touches,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hypocrisie","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"hypocrisie","lemma":"hypocrisie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of avec, modifying jettent","gloss":"hypocrisy"},{"surface":"ils","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of jettent","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"jettent","lemma":"jeter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"throw away"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of jettent","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of touche","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of touche","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"touche","lemma":"toucher","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on ce","gloss":"touches"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"benediction-s9-l4","source":"Et s'accusent d'avoir mis leurs pieds dans ses pas.","translation":"And accuse themselves of having stepped in his footprints.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on accusent","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"accusent","lemma":"accuser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"accuse"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of mis","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"avoir","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"depends on mis","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"mis","lemma":"mettre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine","role":"complement of accusent","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pieds","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"pieds","lemma":"pied","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of mis","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pas","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pas","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of dans","gloss":"footsteps","note":"Here 'pas' is the noun 'footsteps', not the negation adverb."}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"benediction-s10-l1","source":"Sa femme va criant sur les places publiques:","translation":"His wife goes crying through the public squares:","stanza":10,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"va criant","title":"«aller» + present participle","body":"«aller» + a present participle (here «criant») expresses an action drawn out or repeated over time: «va criant» = 'goes about crying / keeps crying'. A literary construction, more vivid than the plain present."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of femme","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"femme","lemma":"femme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of va","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"va","lemma":"aller","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"criant","lemma":"crier","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"complement of va","gloss":"crying"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking places","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of places","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"places","lemma":"place","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of sur, modifying criant","gloss":"squares"},{"surface":"publiques","lemma":"public","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies places","gloss":"public"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"benediction-s10-l2","source":"«Puisqu'il me trouve assez belle pour m'adorer,","translation":"\"Since he finds me fair enough to adore me,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Puisqu'","lemma":"puisque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of trouve","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of trouve","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of trouve","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"trouve","lemma":"trouver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"finds"},{"surface":"assez","lemma":"assez","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies belle","gloss":"enough"},{"surface":"belle","lemma":"beau","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of trouve","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of adorer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"m'","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of adorer","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"adorer","lemma":"adorer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive of result/purpose in the 'assez ... pour' construction, modifying assez belle (not trouve directly)","gloss":"adore"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"benediction-s10-l3","source":"Je ferai le métier des idoles antiques,","translation":"I will ply the trade of the ancient idols,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ferai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ferai","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will ply"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of métier","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"métier","lemma":"métier","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ferai","gloss":"trade"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking idoles","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"idoles","lemma":"idole","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies métier","gloss":"idols"},{"surface":"antiques","lemma":"antique","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies idoles","gloss":"ancient"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"benediction-s10-l4","source":"Et comme elles je veux me faire redorer;","translation":"And like them I want to have myself regilded;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me faire redorer","title":"«se faire» + infinitive (passive causative)","body":"«se faire» + infinitive means 'to have something done to oneself': «me faire redorer» = 'to have myself regilded'. «redorer» = to re-gild, recover in gold leaf, as one restores a gilded idol."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking elles (comparison)","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"elles","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"object of comme","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of veux","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"veux","lemma":"vouloir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"want"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular, reflexive","role":"direct object of redorer","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"faire","lemma":"faire","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"depends on redorer","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"redorer","lemma":"redorer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of veux","gloss":"regilded"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"benediction-s11-l1","source":"Et je me soûlerai de nard, d'encens, de myrrhe,","translation":"And I will glut myself on spikenard, incense, myrrh,","stanza":11,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"nard, encens, myrrhe","title":"Spikenard, incense, myrrh","body":"«nard» (spikenard), «encens» (incense), and «myrrhe» (myrrh) are precious aromatics of biblical worship. «se soûler de» = 'to get drunk on'; the wife craves the sensual trappings of a goddess."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of soûlerai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on soûlerai","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"soûlerai","lemma":"soûler","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will glut"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nard","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"nard","lemma":"nard","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifying soûlerai","gloss":"spikenard"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking encens","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"encens","lemma":"encens","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with nard","gloss":"incense"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking myrrhe","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"myrrhe","lemma":"myrrhe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with encens","gloss":"myrrh"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"benediction-s11-l2","source":"De génuflexions, de viandes et de vins,","translation":"On genuflections, on meats and wines,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking génuflexions","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"génuflexions","lemma":"génuflexion","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with myrrhe","gloss":"genuflections"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking viandes","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"viandes","lemma":"viande","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with génuflexions","gloss":"meats"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vins","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"vins","lemma":"vin","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with viandes","gloss":"wines"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"benediction-s11-l3","source":"Pour savoir si je puis dans un coeur qui m'admire","translation":"To learn whether, in a heart that admires me, I can","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of savoir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"savoir","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose infinitive complement of soûlerai","gloss":"learn"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of puis","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of puis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"puis","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of savoir","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coeur","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Usurper (next line)","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of admire","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"m'","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of admire","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"admire","lemma":"admirer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on coeur","gloss":"admires"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"benediction-s11-l4","source":"Usurper en riant les hommages divins!","translation":"Usurp, laughing, the homage owed to gods!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Usurper","lemma":"usurper","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clausal complement of puis (previous line)","gloss":"usurp"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"marks riant (gerund construction)","gloss":"while","note":"'en' + present participle forms the gerund ('while laughing')."},{"surface":"riant","lemma":"rire","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"gerund modifying Usurper","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of hommages","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hommages","lemma":"hommage","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Usurper","gloss":"homage"},{"surface":"divins","lemma":"divin","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies hommages","gloss":"divine"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"benediction-s12-l1","source":"Et, quand je m'ennuierai de ces farces impies,","translation":"And, when I grow weary of these impious farces,","stanza":12,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"je m'ennuierai de","title":"s'ennuyer de","body":"«s'ennuyer» is reflexive, 'to be bored'; «s'ennuyer de qqch.» = 'to grow tired/weary of something'. The future «je m'ennuierai» = 'when I shall grow weary…'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quand","lemma":"quand","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ennuierai","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ennuierai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"m'","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on ennuierai","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ennuierai","lemma":"ennuyer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grow weary"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking farces","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of farces","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"farces","lemma":"farce","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of ennuierai","gloss":"farces"},{"surface":"impies","lemma":"impie","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies farces","gloss":"impious"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"benediction-s12-l2","source":"Je poserai sur lui ma frêle et forte main;","translation":"I will lay upon him my frail and forceful hand;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of poserai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"poserai","lemma":"poser","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will lay"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lui","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"object of sur","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of main","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"frêle","lemma":"frêle","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies main","gloss":"frail"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"forte","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies main","gloss":"forceful"},{"surface":"main","lemma":"main","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of poserai","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"benediction-s12-l3","source":"Et mes ongles, pareils aux ongles des harpies,","translation":"And my nails, like the talons of the harpies,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mes","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ongles","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ongles","lemma":"ongle","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of Sauront (next line)","gloss":"nails"},{"surface":"pareils","lemma":"pareil","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ongles","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ongles","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"ongles","lemma":"ongle","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pareils","gloss":"talons"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking harpies","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"harpies","lemma":"harpie","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ongles","gloss":"harpies"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"benediction-s12-l4","source":"Sauront jusqu'à son coeur se frayer un chemin.","translation":"Will know how to carve their way clear to his heart.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"se frayer un chemin","title":"se frayer un chemin","body":"«se frayer un chemin» = 'to clear / force a path for oneself'. A reflexive idiom: the nails cut their own way through to his heart. «sauront» (future of «savoir») here = 'will know how to'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sauront","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will know how"},{"surface":"jusqu'","lemma":"jusque","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coeur (with à)","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coeur (with jusqu')","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of frayer","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on frayer","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"frayer","lemma":"frayer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Sauront","gloss":"carve","note":"'se frayer un chemin' is an idiom meaning 'to carve one's way'."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of chemin","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"chemin","lemma":"chemin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of frayer","gloss":"way"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"benediction-s13-l1","source":"Comme un tout jeune oiseau qui tremble et qui palpite,","translation":"Like a fledgling bird that trembles and throbs,","stanza":13,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oiseau","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oiseau","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jeune","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"jeune","lemma":"jeune","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies oiseau","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"oiseau","lemma":"oiseau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tremble","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tremble","lemma":"trembler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on oiseau","gloss":"trembles"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of palpite","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"palpite","lemma":"palpiter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tremble","gloss":"throbs"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"benediction-s13-l2","source":"J'arracherai ce coeur tout rouge de son sein,","translation":"I will tear that heart, all red, from his breast,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"J'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of arracherai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"arracherai","lemma":"arracher","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will tear"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of arracherai","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rouge","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"rouge","lemma":"rouge","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies coeur","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sein","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sein","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of arracherai","gloss":"breast"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"benediction-s13-l3","source":"Et, pour rassasier ma bête favorite","translation":"And, to sate my favorite beast,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rassasier","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"rassasier","lemma":"rassasier","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose clause modifying jetterai (next line)","gloss":"sate"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bête","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"bête","lemma":"bête","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of rassasier","gloss":"beast"},{"surface":"favorite","lemma":"favori","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bête","gloss":"favorite"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"benediction-s13-l4","source":"Je le lui jetterai par terre avec dédain!»","translation":"I will fling it to the ground before it with disdain!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Je le lui jetterai","title":"Double object pronouns","body":"Two pronouns stack before the verb: «le» (it = the heart, direct object) and «lui» (to it = the beast, indirect object). The direct object precedes the indirect here, so «je le lui jetterai» = 'I will throw it to it'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of jetterai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of jetterai","gloss":"it","note":"'le' and 'lui' are combined object pronouns stacked before the verb ('je le lui jetterai')."},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of jetterai","gloss":"to it"},{"surface":"jetterai","lemma":"jeter","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will fling"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terre","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"terre","lemma":"terre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of jetterai","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dédain","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dédain","lemma":"dédain","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of jetterai","gloss":"disdain"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"benediction-s14-l1","source":"Vers le Ciel, où son oeil voit un trône splendide,","translation":"Toward Heaven, where his eye beholds a splendid throne,","stanza":14,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vers","lemma":"vers","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ciel","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Ciel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ciel","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Heaven"},{"surface":"où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative adverb, locative argument of voit","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oeil","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"oeil","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of voit","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"voit","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Ciel","gloss":"beholds"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of trône","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"trône","lemma":"trône","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of voit","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"splendide","lemma":"splendide","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies trône","gloss":"splendid"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"benediction-s14-l2","source":"Le Poète serein lève ses bras pieux","translation":"The serene Poet lifts his pious arms","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Poète","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Poète","lemma":"poète","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of lève","gloss":"Poet"},{"surface":"serein","lemma":"serein","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Poète","gloss":"serene"},{"surface":"lève","lemma":"lever","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lifts"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bras","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"bras","lemma":"bras","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of lève","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"pieux","lemma":"pieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies bras","gloss":"pious"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"benediction-s14-l3","source":"Et les vastes éclairs de son esprit lucide","translation":"And the vast lightning-flashes of his lucid mind","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of éclairs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vastes","lemma":"vaste","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies éclairs","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"éclairs","lemma":"éclair","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of dérobent (next line)","gloss":"flashes"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esprit","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esprit","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"esprit","lemma":"esprit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies éclairs","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"lucide","lemma":"lucide","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies esprit","gloss":"lucid"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"benediction-s14-l4","source":"Lui dérobent l'aspect des peuples furieux:","translation":"Hide from him the sight of the raging peoples:","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dérobent","title":"dérober = to conceal","body":"Beyond 'to steal', «dérober» means 'to hide, screen from view'. «dérober qqch. à qqn.» = 'to hide something from someone'; «lui dérobent l'aspect…» = 'hide the sight from him'. «lui» is the indirect object (from him)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of dérobent","gloss":"from him"},{"surface":"dérobent","lemma":"dérober","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of aspect","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aspect","lemma":"aspect","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of dérobent","gloss":"sight"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking peuples","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"peuples","lemma":"peuple","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies aspect","gloss":"peoples"},{"surface":"furieux","lemma":"furieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies peuples","gloss":"raging"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"benediction-s15-l1","source":"— «Soyez béni, mon Dieu, qui donnez la souffrance","translation":"— \"Be blessed, my God, who give suffering","stanza":15,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Soyez béni","title":"Imperative of «être» in a blessing","body":"«soyez» is the imperative of «être» (polite 'vous'). «Soyez béni» = 'Be blessed'. The title's «Bénédiction» turns here from the mother's curse to the Poet's benediction of God."}],"words":[{"surface":"Soyez","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"imperative verb, complement is béni","gloss":"be","note":"'Soyez béni' is an imperative benediction formula: 'be blessed'."},{"surface":"béni","lemma":"bénir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"complement of Soyez","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Dieu","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Dieu","lemma":"dieu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, addressed by Soyez béni","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of donnez","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"donnez","lemma":"donner","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"relative clause on Dieu","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of souffrance","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"souffrance","lemma":"souffrance","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of donnez","gloss":"suffering"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"benediction-s15-l2","source":"Comme un divin remède à nos impuretés","translation":"As a divine remedy for our impurities","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking remède","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of remède","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"divin","lemma":"divin","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies remède","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"remède","lemma":"remède","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of donnez, parallel to souffrance","gloss":"remedy"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking impuretés","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of impuretés","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"impuretés","lemma":"impureté","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies remède","gloss":"impurities"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"benediction-s15-l3","source":"Et comme la meilleure et la plus pure essence","translation":"And as the finest and purest essence","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking meilleure","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of meilleure","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"meilleure","lemma":"meilleur","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies essence","gloss":"finest"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of essence","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pure","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"pure","lemma":"pur","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies essence","gloss":"purest"},{"surface":"essence","lemma":"essence","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with remède","gloss":"essence"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"benediction-s15-l4","source":"Qui prépare les forts aux saintes voluptés!","translation":"That readies the strong for holy raptures!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"les saintes voluptés","title":"volupté (f.)","body":"«volupté» = sensual delight, rapture. Pairing it with «saintes» ('holy') fuses the sacred and the sensual — a signature Baudelairean tension. «préparer qqn. à qqch.» = 'to make someone ready for'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of prépare","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"prépare","lemma":"préparer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on essence","gloss":"readies"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of forts","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"forts","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of prépare","gloss":"the strong"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voluptés","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"saintes","lemma":"saint","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies voluptés","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"voluptés","lemma":"volupté","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of prépare","gloss":"raptures"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"benediction-s16-l1","source":"Je sais que vous gardez une place au Poète","translation":"I know that you keep a place for the Poet","stanza":16,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sais","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sais","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of gardez","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vous","lemma":"vous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of gardez","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"gardez","lemma":"garder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"clausal complement of sais","gloss":"keep"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of place","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"place","lemma":"place","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of gardez","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Poète","gloss":"for the"},{"surface":"Poète","lemma":"poète","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies place","gloss":"Poet"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"benediction-s16-l2","source":"Dans les rangs bienheureux des saintes Légions,","translation":"Among the blessed ranks of the holy Legions,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rangs","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of rangs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rangs","lemma":"rang","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of gardez","gloss":"ranks"},{"surface":"bienheureux","lemma":"bienheureux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies rangs","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Légions","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"saintes","lemma":"saint","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies Légions","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"Légions","lemma":"légion","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies rangs","gloss":"Legions"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"benediction-s16-l3","source":"Et que vous l'invitez à l'éternelle fête","translation":"And that you summon him to the eternal feast","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of invitez","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vous","lemma":"vous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of invitez","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of invitez","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"invitez","lemma":"inviter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"summon"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fête","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fête","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"éternelle","lemma":"éternel","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fête","gloss":"eternal"},{"surface":"fête","lemma":"fête","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of invitez","gloss":"feast"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"benediction-s16-l4","source":"Des Trônes, des Vertus, des Dominations.","translation":"Of the Thrones, the Virtues, the Dominions.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition (contraction of de + les)","role":"preposition marking Trônes, complement of fête","gloss":"of the","note":"'des Trônes, des Vertus, des Dominations' continues 'l'éternelle fête' from the previous line: 'the feast of the Thrones, Virtues, and Dominions'."},{"surface":"Trônes","lemma":"trône","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of Des, complement of fête","gloss":"Thrones"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition (contraction of de + les)","role":"preposition marking Vertus","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Vertus","lemma":"vertu","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with Trônes","gloss":"Virtues"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition (contraction of de + les)","role":"preposition marking Dominations","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Dominations","lemma":"domination","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with Vertus","gloss":"Dominions"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"benediction-s17-l1","source":"Je sais que la douleur est la noblesse unique","translation":"I know that suffering is the one nobility","stanza":17,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sais","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sais","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of est","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of douleur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"douleur","lemma":"douleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"suffering"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular (copula)","role":"copula linking douleur to noblesse","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of noblesse","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noblesse","lemma":"noblesse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of est","gloss":"nobility"},{"surface":"unique","lemma":"unique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies noblesse","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"benediction-s17-l2","source":"Où ne mordront jamais la terre et les enfers,","translation":"On which earth and the hells will never bite,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative adverb, modifies noblesse (locative)","gloss":"on which"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mordront","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mordront","lemma":"mordre","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will bite"},{"surface":"jamais","lemma":"jamais","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mordront","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of terre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terre","lemma":"terre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of mordront","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of enfers","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"enfers","lemma":"enfer","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with terre","gloss":"hells"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"benediction-s17-l3","source":"Et qu'il faut pour tresser ma couronne mystique","translation":"And that, to weave my mystic crown, one must","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"il faut","title":"il faut + infinitive","body":"«il faut» (from «falloir») is impersonal: 'it is necessary / one must'. With an infinitive it states a requirement: «il faut… imposer» = 'one must levy / call upon' (completed in the next line). «tresser» = to braid, weave."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of faut","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"impersonal subject of faut","gloss":"it","note":"'il faut' is an impersonal construction meaning 'it is necessary' / 'one must'."},{"surface":"faut","lemma":"falloir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"one must"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tresser","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tresser","lemma":"tresser","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of faut","gloss":"weave"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of couronne","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"couronne","lemma":"couronne","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tresser","gloss":"crown"},{"surface":"mystique","lemma":"mystique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies couronne","gloss":"mystic"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"benediction-s17-l4","source":"Imposer tous les temps et tous les univers.","translation":"Levy every age and every universe.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Imposer","lemma":"imposer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of faut (previous line)","gloss":"levy"},{"surface":"tous","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies temps","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of temps","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"temps","lemma":"temps","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Imposer","gloss":"age"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tous","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies univers","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of univers","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"univers","lemma":"univers","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with temps","gloss":"universe"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"benediction-s18-l1","source":"Mais les bijoux perdus de l'antique Palmyre,","translation":"But the lost jewels of ancient Palmyra,","stanza":18,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mais","lemma":"mais","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bijoux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bijoux","lemma":"bijou","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of pourraient (s18-l3)","gloss":"jewels"},{"surface":"perdus","lemma":"perdre","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies bijoux","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Palmyre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Palmyre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"antique","lemma":"antique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Palmyre","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"Palmyre","lemma":"Palmyre","morphology":"proper noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies bijoux","gloss":"Palmyra"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"benediction-s18-l2","source":"Les métaux inconnus, les perles de la mer,","translation":"The unknown metals, the pearls of the sea,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of métaux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"métaux","lemma":"métal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with bijoux","gloss":"metals"},{"surface":"inconnus","lemma":"inconnu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies métaux","gloss":"unknown"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of perles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"perles","lemma":"perle","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with bijoux and métaux (compound subject of pourraient, s18-l3)","gloss":"pearls"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mer","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies perles","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"benediction-s18-l3","source":"Par votre main montés, ne pourraient pas suffire","translation":"Set by your own hand, could not suffice","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"montés","title":"monter = to set (a jewel)","body":"«monter» here is the jeweler's sense: 'to set, mount' a stone in metal. «par votre main montés» = 'set by your hand'. The past participle «montés» agrees (masculine plural) with the jewels and metals above."}],"words":[{"surface":"Par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking main","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"votre","lemma":"votre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of main","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"main","lemma":"main","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of par, modifying montés","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"montés","lemma":"monter","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies bijoux/métaux/perles (compound subject)","gloss":"set","note":"'montés' agrees in the plural with the compound subject (bijoux, métaux, perles) from the previous lines, not with 'main'."},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pourraient","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pourraient","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pourraient","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"suffire","lemma":"suffire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pourraient","gloss":"suffice"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"benediction-s18-l4","source":"A ce beau diadème éblouissant et clair;","translation":"For this fair diadem, dazzling and clear;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"A","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the oblique complement of suffire (previous line)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of diadème","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"beau","lemma":"beau","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies diadème","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"diadème","lemma":"diadème","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of the preposition à, complement of suffire","gloss":"diadem"},{"surface":"éblouissant","lemma":"éblouissant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies diadème","gloss":"dazzling"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"clair","lemma":"clair","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with éblouissant","gloss":"clear"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"benediction-s19-l1","source":"Car il ne sera fait que de pure lumière,","translation":"For it will be made of nothing but pure light,","stanza":19,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ne... que","title":"ne… que = only","body":"«ne… que» is a restrictive: 'only, nothing but'. «il ne sera fait que de pure lumière» = 'it will be made only of pure light'. Note «que», not «pas» — this limits rather than negates."}],"words":[{"surface":"Car","lemma":"car","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fait","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"pairs with que to restrict fait (ne...que = only)","gloss":"not","note":"ne...que together mean 'only, nothing but' — not a plain negation."},{"surface":"sera","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fait","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"fait","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"adverb","role":"pairs with ne to restrict fait (only)","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lumière","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pure","lemma":"pur","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lumière","gloss":"pure"},{"surface":"lumière","lemma":"lumière","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition de, complement of fait","gloss":"light"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"benediction-s19-l2","source":"Puisée au foyer saint des rayons primitifs,","translation":"Drawn from the holy hearth of the first rays,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Puisée","title":"puiser = to draw (from a source)","body":"«puiser» = to draw (water, light) from a source. «puisée au foyer saint» = 'drawn from the holy hearth'. The feminine «-e» agrees with «lumière» (light) in the previous line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Puisée","lemma":"puiser","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lumière (previous line)","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking foyer","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"foyer","lemma":"foyer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition au, complement of Puisée","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"saint","lemma":"saint","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies foyer","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rayons","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"rayons","lemma":"rayon","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies foyer","gloss":"rays"},{"surface":"primitifs","lemma":"primitif","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies rayons","gloss":"first"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"benediction-s19-l3","source":"Et dont les yeux mortels, dans leur splendeur entière,","translation":"And of which mortal eyes, in their fullest splendor,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dont","title":"The relative «dont»","body":"«dont» = 'of which / whose', standing for «de» + a noun. It links back to «pure lumière»: the light of which mortal eyes are only dim mirrors. The clause completes in the final line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies miroirs (next line)","gloss":"of which","note":"dont refers back to lumière: 'of which mortal eyes are but mirrors.'"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of yeux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of sont (next line)","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"mortels","lemma":"mortel","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies yeux","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking splendeur","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"leur","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of splendeur","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"splendeur","lemma":"splendeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of sont (next line)","gloss":"splendor"},{"surface":"entière","lemma":"entier","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies splendeur","gloss":"fullest"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"benediction-s19-l4","source":"Ne sont que des miroirs obscurcis et plaintifs!»","translation":"Are but dimmed and plaintive mirrors!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"pairs with que to restrict sont (only)","gloss":"not","note":"ne...que = 'only, but' — restrictive, not a plain negation."},{"surface":"sont","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking yeux to miroirs","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"adverb","role":"pairs with ne to restrict sont (only)","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of miroirs","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"miroirs","lemma":"miroir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate complement of sont","gloss":"mirrors"},{"surface":"obscurcis","lemma":"obscurci","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies miroirs","gloss":"dimmed"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"plaintifs","lemma":"plaintif","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with obscurcis","gloss":"plaintive"}]}]}