{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"bohemiens-en-voyage","title":{"source":"Bohémiens en voyage","translated":"Gypsies on the Road"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/bohemiens-en-voyage","lines":14},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/la-vie-anterieure","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/l-homme-et-la-mer","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s1-l1","source":"La tribu prophétique aux prunelles ardentes","translation":"The prophesying tribe with the burning eyes","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"les prunelles","title":"«la prunelle» — the pupil of the eye","body":"«une prunelle» is literally the pupil (and, by extension, the eye), borrowing the word for a sloe — the small dark fruit — for its blackness. «aux prunelles ardentes» is the prepositional «à» used to describe a defining feature: 'with burning eyes'. The fortune-telling tribe is fixed at once by its gaze, the fire of second sight."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tribu","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tribu","lemma":"tribu","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tribe"},{"surface":"prophétique","lemma":"prophétique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies tribu","gloss":"prophesying"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prunelles","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"prunelles","lemma":"prunelle","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of aux, modifies tribu","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ardentes","lemma":"ardent","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies prunelles","gloss":"burning"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s1-l2","source":"Hier s'est mise en route, emportant ses petits","translation":"Set out yesterday, carrying off its young","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"s'est mise en route","title":"«se mettre en route» — to set off","body":"«se mettre en route» is a pronominal (reflexive) idiom — literally 'to put oneself on the road' — meaning 'to set out, get going'. In the passé composé it takes «être», so the past participle agrees with the feminine subject «la tribu»: «s'est mise». The reflexive turns departure into something the tribe does to itself, a whole people lifting and moving as one body."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hier","lemma":"hier","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mise","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on mise","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on mise","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"mise","lemma":"mettre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking route","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"route","lemma":"route","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of mise","gloss":"the road","note":"\"se mettre en route\" is an idiom meaning \"to set out.\""},{"surface":"emportant","lemma":"emporter","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"adverbial clause on mise","gloss":"carrying off"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of petits","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"petits","lemma":"petit","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of emportant","gloss":"young"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s1-l3","source":"Sur son dos, ou livrant à leurs fiers appétits","translation":"On its back, or yielding to their fierce appetites","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dos","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of dos","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on livrant","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"livrant","lemma":"livrer","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"yielding"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking appétits","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of appétits","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"fiers","lemma":"fier","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies appétits","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"appétits","lemma":"appétit","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of livrant","gloss":"appetites"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s1-l4","source":"Le trésor toujours prêt des mamelles pendantes.","translation":"The ever-ready treasure of the hanging breasts.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of trésor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"trésor","lemma":"trésor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"treasure"},{"surface":"toujours","lemma":"toujours","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies prêt","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"prêt","lemma":"prêt","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies trésor","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mamelles","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mamelles","lemma":"mamelle","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies trésor","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"pendantes","lemma":"pendant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mamelles","gloss":"hanging"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s2-l1","source":"Les hommes vont à pied sous leurs armes luisantes","translation":"The men go on foot beneath their gleaming weapons","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of hommes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hommes","lemma":"homme","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of vont","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"vont","lemma":"aller","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pied","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"pied","lemma":"pied","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of vont","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"sous","lemma":"sous","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking armes","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of armes","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"armes","lemma":"arme","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"depends on vont","gloss":"weapons"},{"surface":"luisantes","lemma":"luisant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies armes","gloss":"gleaming"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s2-l2","source":"Le long des chariots où les leurs sont blottis,","translation":"Alongside the wagons where their own lie huddled,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"les leurs","title":"«les leurs» — their own people","body":"«les leurs» is the possessive pronoun «le leur» in the plural, used absolutely to mean 'their own (folk), their family'. With no noun attached it names the kin sheltered in the wagons — wives, children, the dependents the armed men walk beside. «blottis» is the past participle of «se blottir» (to nestle, to huddle), here describing them curled up for the journey."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom le long de","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"long","lemma":"long","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"the length of","note":"\"le long de\" is an idiom meaning \"alongside.\""},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chariots","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chariots","lemma":"chariot","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies long","gloss":"wagons"},{"surface":"où","lemma":"où","morphology":"pronoun","role":"locative adjunct of blottis","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of leurs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of blottis","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"sont","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on blottis","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"blottis","lemma":"blottir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"relative clause on chariots","gloss":"huddled"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s2-l3","source":"Promenant sur le ciel des yeux appesantis","translation":"Walking across the sky eyes grown heavy","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Promenant sur le ciel des yeux","title":"«promener» the eyes — present participle","body":"«promener» normally means 'to walk, to take for a stroll'; «promener ses yeux (sur)» is the idiom 'to let one's eyes wander over, to gaze across'. The present participle «promenant» leaves the men of line 1 still as its subject across the run-on lines — they trudge while casting heavy eyes over the sky. «appesantis», from «appesantir» (to weigh down), makes the gaze itself feel laden."}],"words":[{"surface":"Promenant","lemma":"promener","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"adverbial participle modifying tribu","gloss":"casting"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciel","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ciel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciel","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Promenant","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yeux","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Promenant","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"appesantis","lemma":"appesantir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies yeux","gloss":"grown heavy"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s2-l4","source":"Par le morne regret des chimères absentes.","translation":"By the dull regret for the absent chimeras.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"des chimères absentes","title":"«une chimère» — illusion, vain dream","body":"«une chimère» is both the fire-breathing monster of Greek myth and, figuratively, a wild fancy or impossible dream — the sense at work here. The wanderers' eyes are weighed down by «le morne regret» (dull, bleak regret) for dreams that are «absentes», gone or never arriving. The line gives the roving tribe an inner emptiness beneath its prophetic fire."}],"words":[{"surface":"Par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking regret","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of regret","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"morne","lemma":"morne","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies regret","gloss":"dull"},{"surface":"regret","lemma":"regret","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"regret"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chimères","gloss":"for the"},{"surface":"chimères","lemma":"chimère","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies regret","gloss":"chimeras"},{"surface":"absentes","lemma":"absent","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies chimères","gloss":"absent"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s3-l1","source":"Du fond de son réduit sablonneux, le grillon,","translation":"From deep in its sandy burrow, the cricket,","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"son réduit sablonneux","title":"«un réduit» — a tiny den","body":"«un réduit» is a cramped little nook or hideaway — a hole, a den. «sablonneux» ('sandy', from «le sable») makes it the cricket's burrow in dry ground. The inversion «Du fond de son réduit… le grillon» front-loads the place before naming the creature, so the tiny singer rises out of its hiding-place to greet the passing tribe."}],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fond","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"fond","lemma":"fond","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"depth"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking réduit","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of réduit","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"réduit","lemma":"réduit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fond","gloss":"burrow"},{"surface":"sablonneux","lemma":"sablonneux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies réduit","gloss":"sandy"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of grillon","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grillon","lemma":"grillon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of redouble (main verb, next line)","gloss":"cricket"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s3-l2","source":"Les regardant passer, redouble sa chanson;","translation":"Watching them pass, redoubles its song;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of regardant","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"regardant","lemma":"regarder","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"adverbial participle modifying grillon","gloss":"watching"},{"surface":"passer","lemma":"passer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"clause modifying regardant","gloss":"pass"},{"surface":"redouble","lemma":"redoubler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"redoubles"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of chanson","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"chanson","lemma":"chanson","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of redouble","gloss":"song"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s3-l3","source":"Cybèle, qui les aime, augmente ses verdures,","translation":"Cybele, who loves them, makes her greenery swell,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cybèle","lemma":"Cybèle","morphology":"proper noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of augmente","gloss":"Cybele"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of aime","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of aime","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"aime","lemma":"aimer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Cybèle","gloss":"loves"},{"surface":"augmente","lemma":"augmenter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"increases"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of verdures","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"verdures","lemma":"verdure","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of augmente","gloss":"greenery"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s4-l1","source":"Fait couler le rocher et fleurir le désert","translation":"Makes the rock flow and the desert bloom","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Fait couler le rocher et fleurir le désert","title":"Causative «faire» + infinitive","body":"«faire» followed by an infinitive is the causative construction — 'to make / have something happen'. «fait couler le rocher» = 'makes the rock flow (with water)' and «fait… fleurir le désert» = 'makes the desert bloom'. The subject is still «Cybèle» from the line before; her power is shown through two infinitives, the goddess commanding stone and sand to yield like the biblical miracle of water from the rock."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fait","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: Cybèle)","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"couler","lemma":"couler","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Fait","gloss":"flow"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rocher","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rocher","lemma":"rocher","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of couler","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fleurir","lemma":"fleurir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with couler","gloss":"bloom"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of désert","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"désert","lemma":"désert","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fleurir","gloss":"desert"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s4-l2","source":"Devant ces voyageurs, pour lesquels est ouvert","translation":"Before these travellers, for whom there lies open","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"pour lesquels","title":"«lesquels» — for whom","body":"«lesquels» is the masculine-plural relative pronoun used after a preposition — here «pour lesquels», 'for whom'. It refers back to «ces voyageurs». The clause is also inverted: «pour lesquels est ouvert / L'empire…» places the verb before its subject «l'empire», a formal poetic order that suspends the great revelation until the final line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Devant","lemma":"devant","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voyageurs","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voyageurs","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"voyageurs","lemma":"voyageur","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"travellers"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lesquels","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"lesquels","lemma":"lequel","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"depends on ouvert","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of ouvert","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ouvert","lemma":"ouvrir","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: empire, next line)","gloss":"open"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"bohemiens-en-voyage-s4-l3","source":"L'empire familier des ténèbres futures.","translation":"The familiar empire of the darkness to come.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"les ténèbres futures","title":"«les ténèbres» — the dark to come","body":"«les ténèbres» is a plural-only, elevated word for deep darkness or gloom, often with a sense of death or the unknown. «familier» ('familiar, intimate') makes that future dark a home rather than a terror: as fortune-tellers, the gypsies already know «les ténèbres futures», the things to come. The poem ends by handing them an «empire» — a domain that is theirs precisely because it is the future no one else can read."}],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of empire","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"empire","lemma":"empire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ouvert (est ouvert)","gloss":"empire"},{"surface":"familier","lemma":"familier","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies empire","gloss":"familiar"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ténèbres","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ténèbres","lemma":"ténèbre","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies empire","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"futures","lemma":"futur","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ténèbres","gloss":"to come"}]}]}