{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil","title":{"source":"Châtiment de l'Orgueil","translated":"The Punishment of Pride"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/chatiment-de-l-orgeuil","lines":26},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/don-juan-aux-enfers","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/la-beaute","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l1","source":"En ces temps merveilleux où la Théologie","translation":"In those marvelous days when Theology","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking temps","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of temps","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"temps","lemma":"temps","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of En","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"merveilleux","lemma":"merveilleux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies temps","gloss":"marvelous"},{"surface":"où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces relative clause modifying temps (when)","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Théologie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Théologie","lemma":"théologie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Fleurit (next line)","gloss":"Theology"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l2","source":"Fleurit avec le plus de sève et d'énergie,","translation":"flourished with the most sap and energy,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Fleurit","title":"«fleurit» — present or past?","body":"«fleurir» means 'to bloom, flourish'. The form «fleurit» is identical in the present and the simple past (passé simple) of this regular -ir verb; here the storytelling frame «En ces temps» and the later «On raconte» place it in the past — 'flourished'. «la sève» is the sap that rises in a plant, so Theology is pictured as a flowering tree at the height of its vigor."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fleurit","lemma":"fleurir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (subject: Théologie, previous line)","gloss":"flourished"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plus","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"part of the superlative le plus de","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sève et énergie (superlative: le plus de = the most)","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sève","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sève","lemma":"sève","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies plus","gloss":"sap"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking énergie","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"énergie","lemma":"énergie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with sève","gloss":"energy"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l3","source":"On raconte qu'un jour un docteur des plus grands,","translation":"they tell that one day a doctor of the greatest,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un docteur des plus grands","title":"«un docteur» and «des plus grands»","body":"Here «un docteur» is not a physician but a Doctor of the Church — a learned master of «la Théologie». The phrase «des plus grands» means 'among the very greatest': «des plus + adjective» is a fixed superlative construction ('one of the most...'). So this is one of the most eminent theologians of the age — which makes his coming fall the harder."}],"words":[{"surface":"On","lemma":"on","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of raconte","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"raconte","lemma":"raconter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of s'écria (l10)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of jour","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"jour","lemma":"jour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adjunct of s'écria (l10)","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of docteur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"docteur","lemma":"docteur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of s'écria (l10)","gloss":"doctor"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grands, superlative of docteur","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies grands","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"grands","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies docteur","gloss":"greatest"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l4","source":"— Après avoir forcé les coeurs indifférents;","translation":"— after having forced the indifferent hearts open;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Après avoir forcé","title":"«après avoir + past participle»","body":"«après avoir forcé» = 'after having forced'. The pattern «après + avoir/être + past participle» (the perfect infinitive) describes an action completed before the main verb. The em-dash opens a long parenthesis of three such clauses — «Après avoir forcé... Les avoir remués... Après avoir franchi» — all leading up to the doctor's outcry; read them as a single suspended sentence the dash will close at line s1-l8."}],"words":[{"surface":"Après","lemma":"après","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of forcé","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"avoir","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"depends on forcé","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"forcé","lemma":"forcer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on s'écria (l10)","gloss":"forced"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of coeurs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"coeurs","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of forcé","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"indifférents","lemma":"indifférent","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies coeurs","gloss":"indifferent"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l5","source":"Les avoir remués dans leurs profondeurs noires;","translation":"having stirred them in their black depths;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Les avoir remués","title":"Agreement of «remués» with «Les»","body":"This is a second perfect infinitive parallel to «Après avoir forcé», with «Après» understood again. The object pronoun «Les» (= «les coeurs») comes before «avoir», so the past participle «remués» agrees with it in the masculine plural — a preceding direct object triggers agreement. «remuer» = 'to stir, move, churn up'; he has stirred the hearts to their darkest depths."}],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of remués","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"avoir","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"depends on remués","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"remués","lemma":"remuer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine","role":"adverbial clause on s'écria (l10), coordinated with forcé","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking profondeurs","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of profondeurs","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"profondeurs","lemma":"profondeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of remués","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"noires","lemma":"noir","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies profondeurs","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l6","source":"Après avoir franchi vers les célestes gloires","translation":"after having crossed toward the celestial glories","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Après","lemma":"après","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of franchi","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"avoir","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"depends on franchi","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"franchi","lemma":"franchir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause on s'écria (l10), coordinated with forcé","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"vers","lemma":"vers","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gloires","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gloires","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"célestes","lemma":"céleste","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies gloires","gloss":"celestial"},{"surface":"gloires","lemma":"gloire","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of the preposition vers","gloss":"glories"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l7","source":"Des chemins singuliers à lui-même inconnus,","translation":"strange paths unknown even to himself,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"à lui-même inconnus","title":"«à lui-même inconnus»","body":"«lui-même» is the emphatic reflexive 'himself'; «à lui-même inconnus» = 'unknown to himself', 'paths that even he did not know'. The adjective «inconnus» is plural to agree with «Des chemins». The object of «avoir franchi» — «Des chemins singuliers» — is held back to the start of this line, a poetic inversion that lets the line open on the mysterious 'paths' themselves."}],"words":[{"surface":"Des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of chemins","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"chemins","lemma":"chemin","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of franchi (l6)","gloss":"paths"},{"surface":"singuliers","lemma":"singulier","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies chemins","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lui-même","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"lui-même","lemma":"lui-même","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of inconnus","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"inconnus","lemma":"inconnu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies chemins","gloss":"unknown"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l8","source":"Où les purs Esprits seuls peut-être étaient venus, —","translation":"where the pure Spirits alone had perhaps come, —","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb, relative","role":"introduces the relative clause on chemins (l7)","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Esprits","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"purs","lemma":"pur","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Esprits","gloss":"pure"},{"surface":"Esprits","lemma":"esprit","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of venus","gloss":"Spirits"},{"surface":"seuls","lemma":"seul","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Esprits","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"peut-être","lemma":"peut-être","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies venus","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"étaient","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of venus","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"venus","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"relative clause on chemins (l7)","gloss":"come"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l9","source":"Comme un homme monté trop haut, pris de panique,","translation":"like a man climbed too high, seized with panic,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking homme","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of homme","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"homme","lemma":"homme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of the comparison Comme, likened to docteur","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"monté","lemma":"monter","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying homme","gloss":"climbed"},{"surface":"trop","lemma":"trop","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies haut","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"haut","lemma":"haut","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of monté","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"pris","lemma":"prendre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine","role":"clause modifying homme, coordinated with monté","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking panique","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"panique","lemma":"panique","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of pris","gloss":"panic"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l10","source":"S'écria, transporté d'un orgueil satanique:","translation":"cried out, carried away by a satanic pride:","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"S'écria","title":"«s'écrier» (to cry out)","body":"«S'écria» is the simple past of the pronominal verb «s'écrier», 'to cry out, exclaim'. This is at last the main verb of the whole sentence: its subject is «un docteur» back in line s1-l3, after which everything between the dashes was parenthesis. «transporté d'un orgueil satanique» = 'carried away / beside himself with a satanic pride' — the «orgueil» of the title, the deadly sin of pride that imitates Satan's own."}],"words":[{"surface":"S'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of écria","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"écria","lemma":"écrier","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"transporté","lemma":"transporter","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adjectival participle modifying docteur","gloss":"carried away"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking orgueil","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of orgueil","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"orgueil","lemma":"orgueil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of transporté","gloss":"pride"},{"surface":"satanique","lemma":"satanique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies orgueil","gloss":"satanic"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l11","source":"«Jésus, petit Jésus! je t'ai poussé bien haut!","translation":"\"Jesus, little Jesus! I have raised you very high!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"«Jésus, petit Jésus!»","title":"«guillemets» open the blasphemy","body":"The «guillemets» («...») are the French quotation marks; they open the doctor's four-line speech, which runs to the end of the stanza. «je t'ai poussé bien haut» = 'I have pushed / raised you very high' (passé composé of «pousser»), with the familiar «t'» («te») addressing Christ as an intimate. The diminutive «petit Jésus» and this boast are the blasphemy that the second stanza will punish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jésus","lemma":"Jésus","morphology":"proper noun","role":"vocative, head of the phrase","gloss":"Jesus"},{"surface":"petit","lemma":"petit","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Jésus","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Jésus","lemma":"Jésus","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to Jésus","gloss":"Jesus"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of poussé","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"t'","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, second-person, singular, direct object","role":"direct object of poussé","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"depends on poussé","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"poussé","lemma":"pousser","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies haut","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"haut","lemma":"haut","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of poussé","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l12","source":"Mais, si j'avais voulu t'attaquer au défaut","translation":"But, had I wished to attack you at the flaw","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"si j'avais voulu... égalerait","title":"The contrary-to-fact conditional","body":"«si j'avais voulu... ta honte égalerait ta gloire» is a past unreal condition: pluperfect in the «si» clause («j'avais voulu», had I wished), conditional in the result («égalerait», would equal). It states what would have happened but did not — 'if I had wanted to..., your shame would match your glory'. «au défaut de l'armure» runs on into line s1-l13: 'at the gap / weak point of the armor'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mais","lemma":"mais","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voulu","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"j'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of voulu","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"avais","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"depends on voulu","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"voulu","lemma":"vouloir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"t'","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, second-person, singular, direct object","role":"direct object of attaquer","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"attaquer","lemma":"attaquer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of voulu","gloss":"attack"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking défaut","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"défaut","lemma":"défaut","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of attaquer","gloss":"flaw"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l13","source":"De l'armure, ta honte égalerait ta gloire,","translation":"in the armor, your shame would equal your glory,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking armure","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of armure","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"armure","lemma":"armure","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies défaut (l12)","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of honte","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"honte","lemma":"honte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of égalerait","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"égalerait","lemma":"égaler","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would equal"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gloire","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"gloire","lemma":"gloire","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of égalerait","gloss":"glory"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s1-l14","source":"Et tu ne serais plus qu'un foetus dérisoire!»","translation":"and you would be no more than a laughable foetus!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ne serais plus qu'un","title":"«ne... plus que» — no more than","body":"«ne... plus que» means 'no longer anything but', 'nothing more than'. «tu ne serais plus qu'un foetus dérisoire» = 'you would be no more than a laughable foetus' — the conditional continues the unreal boast of line s1-l12. «dérisoire» = 'derisory, laughable, pitiful'; the «guillemets» close here, ending the doctor's blasphemous speech on its lowest insult."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of serais","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies serais (negation with plus)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"serais","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies serais (negation ne...plus)","gloss":"no more"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction, restrictive","role":"part of the construction ne...plus...que","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of foetus","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"foetus","lemma":"foetus","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of serais","gloss":"foetus"},{"surface":"dérisoire","lemma":"dérisoire","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies foetus","gloss":"laughable"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s2-l1","source":"Immédiatement sa raison s'en alla.","translation":"Immediately his reason departed.","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sa raison s'en alla","title":"«s'en aller» (to go away)","body":"«s'en alla» is the simple past of «s'en aller», 'to go away, leave' — a pronominal verb with the fixed particle «en». 'His reason went away', i.e. he lost his mind. Placed in a short, blunt sentence right after the speech, it delivers the «châtiment» of the title at once: the punishment for pride is madness, and it falls «Immédiatement»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Immédiatement","lemma":"immédiatement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies alla","gloss":"immediately"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of raison","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"raison","lemma":"raison","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of alla","gloss":"reason"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of alla","gloss":"(reflexive)","note":"s'en aller is an idiom meaning \"to go away, to depart.\""},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of the idiom s'en aller, depends on alla","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"alla","lemma":"aller","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"departed"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s2-l2","source":"L'éclat de ce soleil d'un crêpe se voila","translation":"The brilliance of this sun veiled itself with a crape;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"d'un crêpe se voila","title":"«se voiler» and «le crêpe»","body":"«se voila» is the simple past of «se voiler», 'to veil itself, grow dim'. «le crêpe» (masculine) is crape, the black gauze of mourning. The doctor's mind — 'this sun' — veils itself in mourning black, an eclipse: his radiant intelligence goes dark. Note the order «d'un crêpe se voila» (verb last), an inversion for the rhyme with «s'en alla»."}],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of éclat","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"éclat","lemma":"éclat","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of voila","gloss":"brilliance"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soleil","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of soleil","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"soleil","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies éclat","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crêpe","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crêpe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"crêpe","lemma":"crêpe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of voila","gloss":"mourning-veil"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of voila","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"voila","lemma":"voiler","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"veiled"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s2-l3","source":"Tout le chaos roula dans cette intelligence,","translation":"All chaos rolled into that intelligence,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies chaos","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of chaos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chaos","lemma":"chaos","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of roula","gloss":"chaos"},{"surface":"roula","lemma":"rouler","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rolled"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking intelligence","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"cette","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of intelligence","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"intelligence","lemma":"intelligence","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of roula","gloss":"intelligence"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s2-l4","source":"Temple autrefois vivant, plein d'ordre et d'opulence,","translation":"a temple once living, full of order and opulence,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Temple autrefois vivant","title":"«le temple» — the mind as a building","body":"«Temple autrefois vivant» is in apposition to «cette intelligence» — the mind is now called a 'temple once living'. «autrefois» = 'formerly, in the past'. The image runs through the next lines: a once-ordered, opulent temple under whose ceilings pomp had shone, now invaded by chaos. It sets up the abandoned-vault comparison of line s2-l7."}],"words":[{"surface":"Temple","lemma":"temple","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to intelligence (l3)","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"autrefois","lemma":"autrefois","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vivant","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"vivant","lemma":"vivre","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"modifies Temple","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"plein","lemma":"plein","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Temple","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ordre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ordre","lemma":"ordre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies plein","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking opulence","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"opulence","lemma":"opulence","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with ordre","gloss":"opulence"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s2-l5","source":"Sous les plafonds duquel tant de pompe avait lui.","translation":"beneath whose ceilings so much pomp had shone.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sous les plafonds duquel","title":"«duquel» and «avait lui»","body":"«duquel» = 'of which', the relative «de + lequel»; «sous les plafonds duquel» means 'beneath the ceilings of which (the temple)'. «avait lui» is the pluperfect of «luire» (to shine, gleam) — its past participle is «lui», a homonym of the pronoun. So 'so much pomp had shone' beneath those ceilings: the splendor is firmly in the past, before the mind fell dark."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sous","lemma":"sous","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plafonds","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of plafonds","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plafonds","lemma":"plafond","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of the preposition Sous, oblique argument of lui","gloss":"ceilings"},{"surface":"duquel","lemma":"lequel","morphology":"pronoun, relative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies plafonds, refers back to Temple","gloss":"of which"},{"surface":"tant","lemma":"tant","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pompe","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pompe","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pompe","lemma":"pompe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of lui","gloss":"pomp"},{"surface":"avait","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on lui","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"luire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shone"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s2-l6","source":"Le silence et la nuit s'installèrent en lui,","translation":"Silence and night settled themselves within him,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"s'installèrent en lui","title":"«s'installer» (to settle in)","body":"«s'installèrent» is the simple past of «s'installer», 'to settle in, take up residence' — silence and night move in as if they were tenants. The compound subject «Le silence et la nuit» takes the plural verb. «en lui» = 'in him / within him', the «lui» here being the man (or his mind-as-temple), not the «lui» of «avait lui» above — a deliberate echo across the rhyme."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of silence","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"silence","lemma":"silence","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of installèrent","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuit","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with silence","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of installèrent","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"installèrent","lemma":"installer","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"settled"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lui","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of installèrent","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s2-l7","source":"Comme dans un caveau dont la clef est perdue.","translation":"as in a vault whose key is lost.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un caveau dont la clef est perdue","title":"«le caveau» — the sealed vault","body":"«un caveau» is a cellar or, more darkly here, a burial vault. «dont la clef est perdue» = 'whose key is lost', with «dont» standing for «de + caveau». The once-living temple of the mind has become a sealed tomb no one can reopen — the darkness is permanent. From here the poem turns to the ruined man wandering the fields."}],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison, modifies installèrent (l6)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caveau","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caveau","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"caveau","lemma":"caveau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of the preposition dans","gloss":"vault"},{"surface":"dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"relative pronoun referring to caveau, modifies clef","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of clef","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"clef","lemma":"clef","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of passive perdue","gloss":"key"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of perdue","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"perdue","lemma":"perdre","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"lost"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s2-l8","source":"Dès lors il fut semblable aux bêtes de la rue,","translation":"From then on he was like the beasts of the street,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Dès lors","title":"«dès lors» — from then on","body":"«dès lors» = 'from then on, thenceforth' (more emphatic than «depuis»), marking the lasting state that follows the catastrophe. «semblable à» = 'like, similar to', and governs «aux bêtes de la rue» — 'like the beasts of the street', the stray animals. The proud Doctor of Theology is reduced to the level of an animal, the punishment fully ironic: he who climbed to the angels now sinks below men."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dès","lemma":"dès","morphology":"preposition","role":"temporal adjunct of fut","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"lors","lemma":"lors","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase Dès lors","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fut","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fut","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to semblable","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"semblable","lemma":"semblable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective of il","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bêtes","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"bêtes","lemma":"bête","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of semblable","gloss":"beasts"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rue","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of rue","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rue","lemma":"rue","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bêtes","gloss":"street"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s2-l9","source":"Et, quand il s'en allait sans rien voir, à travers","translation":"And, when he wandered seeing nothing, across","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sans rien voir","title":"«sans rien voir»","body":"«sans rien voir» = 'without seeing anything'. With an infinitive, the negation «ne... rien» is reduced to «rien» alone, placed before the verb: «sans rien voir», not «sans ne voir rien». «s'en allait» is the imperfect of «s'en aller» here in its sense 'to go along, wander off', the imperfect marking the now-habitual aimless roaming. The line runs on — «à travers / Les champs» — into the next."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quand","lemma":"quand","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of allait","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of allait","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of allait","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of the idiom s'en aller, depends on allait","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"allait","lemma":"aller","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wandered"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voir","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"rien","lemma":"rien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of voir","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"voir","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb complement of sans, modifies allait","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the compound preposition à travers, modifies allait","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"travers","lemma":"travers","morphology":"noun, masculine","role":"part of the phrase à travers","gloss":"across"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s2-l10","source":"Les champs, sans distinguer les étés des hivers,","translation":"the fields, without telling summers from winters,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"distinguer les étés des hivers","title":"«distinguer X de Y»","body":"«distinguer A de B» = 'to tell A apart from B'. So «sans distinguer les étés des hivers» = 'without distinguishing summers from winters' — the broken man no longer registers the turning of the seasons. The plurals «les étés», «les hivers» make it the cycle of many years; «des hivers» here is «de + les», 'from the winters'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of champs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"champs","lemma":"champ","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of à travers (l9), oblique argument of allait","gloss":"fields"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of distinguer","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"distinguer","lemma":"distinguer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb complement of sans, modifies allait","gloss":"telling apart"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of étés","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"étés","lemma":"été","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of distinguer","gloss":"summers"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hivers","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"hivers","lemma":"hiver","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of distinguer","gloss":"winters"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s2-l11","source":"Sale, inutile et laid comme une chose usée,","translation":"filthy, useless and ugly like a worn-out thing,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sale","lemma":"sale","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to il (l8), coordinated with semblable","gloss":"filthy"},{"surface":"inutile","lemma":"inutile","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with Sale","gloss":"useless"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"laid","lemma":"laid","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with inutile","gloss":"ugly"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chose","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of chose","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"chose","lemma":"chose","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of the preposition comme","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"usée","lemma":"user","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies chose","gloss":"worn-out"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"chatiment-de-l-orgeuil-s2-l12","source":"Il faisait des enfants la joie et la risée.","translation":"he was the children's delight and laughing-stock.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"faisait des enfants la joie et la risée","title":"«faire de X, Y» and «la risée»","body":"The construction is «faire de [X] [Y]» — 'to be / make Y out of X', reading 'he made for the children (their) delight and laughing-stock', i.e. he was their joy and their mockery. «des enfants» is «de + les enfants», 'of the children'. «la risée» = 'the object of mockery, the laughing-stock' (related to «rire», to laugh). The mighty theologian ends as a thing children laugh at — pride's final, complete «châtiment»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of faisait","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"faisait","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enfants, marks possession","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"enfants","lemma":"enfant","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"possessor of joie and risée","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of joie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"joie","lemma":"joie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of faisait","gloss":"delight"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of risée","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"risée","lemma":"risée","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with joie, direct object of faisait","gloss":"laughing-stock"}]}]}