{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"confession","title":{"source":"Confession","translated":"Confession"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/confession","lines":40},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/reversibilite","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/l-aube-spirituelle","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"confession-s1-l1","source":"Une fois, une seule, aimable et douce femme,","translation":"Once, only once, sweet and gentle woman,","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fois","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"fois","lemma":"fois","morphology":"noun, feminine","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of seule","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"seule","lemma":"seul","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fois","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"aimable","lemma":"aimable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies femme","gloss":"amiable"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"douce","lemma":"doux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with aimable, modifies femme","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"femme","lemma":"femme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of appuya (confession-s1-l3)","gloss":"woman"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"confession-s1-l2","source":"À mon bras votre bras poli","translation":"your smooth arm upon my arm","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"À","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bras","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of bras","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"bras","lemma":"bras","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of appuya (confession-s1-l3)","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"votre","lemma":"votre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of bras","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"bras","lemma":"bras","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of appuya (confession-s1-l3)","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"poli","lemma":"poli","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bras","gloss":"polished"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"confession-s1-l3","source":"S'appuya (sur le fond ténébreux de mon âme","translation":"leaned (on the shadowy depths of my soul","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"S'appuya","title":"Pronominal «s'appuyer» + past historic","body":"«s'appuyer» = 'to lean, to rest one's weight'; the reflexive «se» makes it intransitive (the arm leans of itself). «s'appuya» is the passé simple (past historic), the literary narrative tense, marking the single completed gesture — her arm leaned on his, once."}],"words":[{"surface":"S'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on appuya","gloss":"-self"},{"surface":"appuya","lemma":"appuyer","morphology":"verb, simple past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leaned"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fond","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fond","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fond","lemma":"fond","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of appuya","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"ténébreux","lemma":"ténébreux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies fond","gloss":"shadowy"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking âme","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of âme","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"âme","lemma":"âme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fond","gloss":"soul"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"confession-s1-l4","source":"Ce souvenir n'est point pâli);","translation":"this memory has not in the least grown pale);","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"n'est point pâli","title":"«ne… point» = emphatic «ne… pas»","body":"«point» is a literary, stronger negation than «pas»: «n'est point pâli» = 'has not in the least faded'. The parenthesis (which runs across two lines) interrupts the scene to insist that, unlike most memories, this one keeps all its colour."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of souvenir","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"souvenir","lemma":"souvenir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pâli","gloss":"memory"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pâli","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of pâli","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"point","lemma":"point","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pâli","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"pâli","lemma":"pâlir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grown pale"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"confession-s2-l1","source":"Il était tard; ainsi qu'une médaille neuve","translation":"It was late; like a new-struck medal","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of était","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"était","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to tard","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"tard","lemma":"tard","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"late"},{"surface":"ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase ainsi","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of médaille","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"médaille","lemma":"médaille","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"medal"},{"surface":"neuve","lemma":"neuf","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies médaille","gloss":"new"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"confession-s2-l2","source":"La pleine lune s'étalait,","translation":"the full moon spread itself wide,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lune","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pleine","lemma":"plein","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lune","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"lune","lemma":"lune","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of étalait","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on étalait","gloss":"-self"},{"surface":"étalait","lemma":"étaler","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spread"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"confession-s2-l3","source":"Et la solennité de la nuit, comme un fleuve,","translation":"and the solemnity of the night, like a river,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of solennité","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"solennité","lemma":"solennité","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ruisselait (confession-s2-l4)","gloss":"solemnity"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuit","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuit","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies solennité","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fleuve","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fleuve","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fleuve","lemma":"fleuve","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ruisselait (confession-s2-l4)","gloss":"river"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"confession-s2-l4","source":"Sur Paris dormant ruisselait.","translation":"streamed over sleeping Paris.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Paris","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Paris","lemma":"Paris","morphology":"proper noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on dormant","gloss":"Paris"},{"surface":"dormant","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"modifies Paris","gloss":"sleeping"},{"surface":"ruisselait","lemma":"ruisseler","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"streamed"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"confession-s3-l1","source":"Et le long des maisons, sous les portes cochères,","translation":"And along the houses, under the carriage gateways,","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"portes cochères","title":"porte cochère","body":"A «porte cochère» is the large arched gateway of a townhouse, wide enough for a coach («coche») to pass through into the inner courtyard. The detail grounds the night precisely in old Paris — the cats slip through these dark archways."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of long","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"long","lemma":"long","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of compound preposition le long de, marking maisons","gloss":"length"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking maisons","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"maisons","lemma":"maison","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of passaient (confession-s3-l2)","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"sous","lemma":"sous","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking portes","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of portes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"portes","lemma":"porte","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of passaient (confession-s3-l2)","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"cochères","lemma":"cocher","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies portes","gloss":"carriage"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"confession-s3-l2","source":"Des chats passaient furtivement,","translation":"cats were passing furtively,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of chats","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"chats","lemma":"chat","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of passaient","gloss":"cats"},{"surface":"passaient","lemma":"passer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were passing"},{"surface":"furtivement","lemma":"furtivement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies passaient","gloss":"furtively"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"confession-s3-l3","source":"L'oreille au guet, ou bien, comme des ombres chères,","translation":"ears pricked, or else, like dear shadows,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oreille","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oreille","lemma":"oreille","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase, describes chats (confession-s3-l2)","gloss":"ear"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking guet","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"guet","lemma":"guet","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oreille","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the compound conjunction ou bien","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ombres","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ombres","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ombres","lemma":"ombre","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with oreille, describes chats (confession-s3-l2)","gloss":"shadows"},{"surface":"chères","lemma":"cher","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ombres","gloss":"dear"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"confession-s3-l4","source":"Nous accompagnaient lentement.","translation":"accompanied us slowly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of accompagnaient","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"accompagnaient","lemma":"accompagner","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence; subject is chats (confession-s3-l2)","gloss":"accompanied"},{"surface":"lentement","lemma":"lentement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies accompagnaient","gloss":"slowly"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"confession-s4-l1","source":"Tout à coup, au milieu de l'intimité libre","translation":"All at once, in the midst of the free intimacy","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies coup","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coup","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"coup","lemma":"coup","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking milieu","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"milieu","lemma":"milieu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of compound preposition au milieu, marking intimité","gloss":"midst"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking intimité","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of intimité","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"intimité","lemma":"intimité","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies milieu","gloss":"intimacy"},{"surface":"libre","lemma":"libre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies intimité","gloss":"free"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"confession-s4-l2","source":"Eclose à la pâle clarté,","translation":"blossomed in the pale light,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Eclose","title":"éclore / éclos(e)","body":"«éclore» = 'to hatch, to open, to bloom' (of an egg, a flower, the dawn). «éclose» is its feminine past participle, agreeing with «l'intimité»: the intimacy has 'blossomed' into being under the moonlight — an image of birth that the deformed child a few stanzas later will turn monstrous."}],"words":[{"surface":"Eclose","lemma":"éclore","morphology":"verb, past participle, feminine, singular","role":"modifies intimité (confession-s4-l1)","gloss":"blossomed"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking clarté","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of clarté","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pâle","lemma":"pâle","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies clarté","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"clarté","lemma":"clarté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Eclose","gloss":"light"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"confession-s4-l3","source":"De vous, riche et sonore instrument où ne vibre","translation":"from you, rich and sonorous instrument in which vibrates","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"où ne vibre / Que la radieuse gaieté","title":"Restrictive «ne… que» across the line break","body":"«ne… que» means 'only', not a true negative: the «que» that completes it falls at the start of the next line. So «instrument où ne vibre / Que la radieuse gaieté» = 'instrument in which only radiant gaiety vibrates'. Note the inversion too — the verb «vibre» comes before its subject «la radieuse gaieté»."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vous","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"vous","lemma":"vous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"riche","lemma":"riche","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies instrument, coordinated with sonore","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sonore","lemma":"sonore","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies instrument, coordinated with riche","gloss":"sonorous"},{"surface":"instrument","lemma":"instrument","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to vous","gloss":"instrument"},{"surface":"où","lemma":"où","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique argument of vibre (locative relative)","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"restrictive marker, pairs with que (confession-s4-l4) to mean only","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"vibre","lemma":"vibrer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause; subject is gaieté (confession-s4-l4)","gloss":"vibrates"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"confession-s4-l4","source":"Que la radieuse gaieté,","translation":"nothing but radiant gaiety,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"restrictive marker, pairs with ne (confession-s4-l3) to mean only","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gaieté","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"radieuse","lemma":"radieux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gaieté","gloss":"radiant"},{"surface":"gaieté","lemma":"gaieté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of vibre (confession-s4-l3)","gloss":"gaiety"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"confession-s5-l1","source":"De vous, claire et joyeuse ainsi qu'une fanfare","translation":"from you, bright and joyous as a fanfare","stanza":5,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vous","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"vous","lemma":"vous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"claire","lemma":"clair","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with vous","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"joyeuse","lemma":"joyeux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with vous","gloss":"joyous"},{"surface":"ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase ainsi","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fanfare","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fanfare","lemma":"fanfare","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the comparison ainsi que, modifies claire/joyeuse","gloss":"fanfare"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"confession-s5-l2","source":"Dans le matin étincelant,","translation":"in the glittering morning,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking matin","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of matin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"matin","lemma":"matin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"étincelant","lemma":"étincelant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies matin","gloss":"glittering"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"confession-s5-l3","source":"Une note plaintive, une note bizarre","translation":"a plaintive note, a strange note","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of note","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"note","lemma":"note","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of échappa (confession-s5-l4)","gloss":"note"},{"surface":"plaintive","lemma":"plaintif","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies note","gloss":"plaintive"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of note","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"note","lemma":"note","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to note, subject of échappa (confession-s5-l4)","gloss":"note"},{"surface":"bizarre","lemma":"bizarre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies note","gloss":"strange"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"confession-s5-l4","source":"S'échappa, tout en chancelant","translation":"escaped, all the while faltering","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tout en chancelant","title":"«tout en» + present participle","body":"«tout en» + a present participle stresses simultaneity, often with a hint of contrast: «tout en chancelant» = 'even as it staggers / all the while faltering'. «chanceler» = 'to totter, to waver'. The note slips out of the bright instrument already unsteady on its feet, foreshadowing the bitterness it carries."}],"words":[{"surface":"S'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on échappa","gloss":"-self"},{"surface":"échappa","lemma":"échapper","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence; subject is note (confession-s5-l3)","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies chancelant","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces gerund chancelant","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"chancelant","lemma":"chanceler","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"adverbial clause on échappa","gloss":"faltering"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"confession-s6-l1","source":"Comme une enfant chétive, horrible, sombre, immonde,","translation":"Like a sickly child, hideous, dark, unclean,","stanza":6,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"une enfant chétive","title":"«enfant» as a feminine noun","body":"«enfant» can be masculine or feminine; the feminine adjectives «chétive… immonde» fix it as a girl-child here. «chétif/chétive» = 'puny, sickly, stunted'. The simile turns the strange note into a deformed daughter the family would hide away — the comparison that governs the next three lines."}],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enfant","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of enfant","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"enfant","lemma":"enfant","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"chétive","lemma":"chétif","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies enfant","gloss":"sickly"},{"surface":"horrible","lemma":"horrible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with chétive, modifies enfant","gloss":"hideous"},{"surface":"sombre","lemma":"sombre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with horrible, modifies enfant","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"immonde","lemma":"immonde","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with sombre, modifies enfant","gloss":"unclean"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"confession-s6-l2","source":"Dont sa famille rougirait,","translation":"of whom her family would be ashamed,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dont sa famille rougirait","title":"«dont» = «de qui» + «rougir de»","body":"«rougir de» = 'to blush at, to be ashamed of'; the relative «dont» replaces «de qui», already carrying that «de»: «dont sa famille rougirait» = 'of whom her family would be ashamed'. The conditional «rougirait» opens the hypothetical scene that «aurait… mise» (next lines) goes on to complete."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on rougirait","gloss":"of whom"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of famille","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"famille","lemma":"famille","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rougirait","gloss":"family"},{"surface":"rougirait","lemma":"rougir","morphology":"verb, present, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (dont)","gloss":"would blush"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"confession-s6-l3","source":"Et qu'elle aurait longtemps, pour la cacher au monde,","translation":"and whom, to hide her from the world, she would long have","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of mise (confession-s6-l4); relative pronoun referring to enfant","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of aurait mise (confession-s6-l4)","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"aurait","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of mise (confession-s6-l4)","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"longtemps","lemma":"longtemps","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mise (confession-s6-l4)","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cacher","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cacher","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"cacher","lemma":"cacher","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive verb of the purpose clause (pour)","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking monde","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of cacher","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"confession-s6-l4","source":"Dans un caveau mise au secret.","translation":"shut away in secret in a vault.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aurait… mise au secret","title":"Conditional perfect + agreement of «mise»","body":"«aurait… mise» is the conditional perfect of «mettre» ('would have placed/put'), split across two lines. The past participle «mise» takes a feminine -e because its direct object «qu'» (= the child, «une enfant») comes before the verb. «mettre au secret» = 'to put in solitary confinement'; «un caveau» is a cellar or burial vault — the child is shut underground."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caveau","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caveau","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"caveau","lemma":"caveau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of mise","gloss":"vault"},{"surface":"mise","lemma":"mettre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"past participle completing aurait (confession-s6-l3); predicate of elle/qu'","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking secret","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"secret","lemma":"secret","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of mise","gloss":"secret"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"confession-s7-l1","source":"Pauvre ange, elle chantait, votre note criarde:","translation":"Poor angel, it was singing, your shrill note:","stanza":7,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"votre note criarde","title":"criard(e)","body":"«criard» (from «crier», 'to cry out') = 'shrill, harsh, jarring'. Set right after «pauvre ange», it yokes pity to harshness: the shrill confession is also a wounded, angelic cry. The colon and the guillemet opening on the next line introduce the long song that the note 'sang'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pauvre","lemma":"pauvre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies ange","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"ange","lemma":"ange","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase, vocative address","gloss":"angel"},{"surface":"elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of chantait","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"chantait","lemma":"chanter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was singing"},{"surface":"votre","lemma":"votre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of note","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"note","lemma":"note","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of chantait","gloss":"note"},{"surface":"criarde","lemma":"criard","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies note","gloss":"shrill"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"confession-s7-l2","source":"«Que rien ici-bas n'est certain,","translation":"\"That nothing here below is certain,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ici-bas","title":"«ici-bas» — life on earth","body":"«ici-bas» = 'here below', the world of the living as opposed to heaven («là-haut»). Each clause of the song that follows is launched by «Que» ('that'), reporting in indirect speech what the note 'sang' — that nothing on earth is sure, and so on to the end of the ninth stanza."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces clause, direct object of chantait (confession-s7-l1)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"rien","lemma":"rien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of certain","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"ici","lemma":"ici","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of compound adverb ici-bas, modifies certain","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"bas","lemma":"bas","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of compound adverb ici-bas, modifies certain","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies certain","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to certain","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"certain","lemma":"certain","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective, describes rien","gloss":"certain"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"confession-s7-l3","source":"Et que toujours, avec quelque soin qu'il se farde,","translation":"and that always, with whatever care it paints itself,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"avec quelque soin qu'il se farde","title":"Concessive «quelque… que» + subjunctive «se farde»","body":"«quelque… que» + subjunctive = 'however much…, with whatever…': «avec quelque soin qu'il se farde» = 'with however much care it paints itself'. «se farder» = 'to put on make-up, to disguise oneself' (reflexive); the subjunctive «se farde» is required by the concessive. The subject «il» is «l'égoïsme humain», named only in the next line by inversion."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces clause, coordinated with que (confession-s7-l2), direct object of chantait","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"toujours","lemma":"toujours","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trahit (confession-s7-l4)","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soin","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"quelque","lemma":"quelque","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of soin","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"soin","lemma":"soin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on farde","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces the clause of farde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of farde","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on farde","gloss":"-self"},{"surface":"farde","lemma":"farder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the concessive clause; subject il","gloss":"paints itself"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"confession-s7-l4","source":"Se trahit l'égoïsme humain;","translation":"human selfishness betrays itself;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se trahit l'égoïsme humain","title":"Pronominal «se trahir» + subject inversion","body":"«se trahir» = 'to betray oneself, to give oneself away'. The subject «l'égoïsme humain» is held back until after its verb «se trahit» — a poetic inversion that lets the line land on the diagnosis: no matter how it disguises itself, human selfishness always shows through."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of trahit","gloss":"-self"},{"surface":"trahit","lemma":"trahir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"betrays"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of égoïsme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"égoïsme","lemma":"égoïsme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of trahit","gloss":"selfishness"},{"surface":"humain","lemma":"humain","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies égoïsme","gloss":"human"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"confession-s8-l1","source":"Que c'est un dur métier que d'être belle femme,","translation":"that it is a hard trade to be a beautiful woman,","stanza":8,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"c'est un dur métier que d'être belle femme","title":"Emphatic «c'est… que de» + infinitive","body":"The frame «c'est un X que de + infinitive» throws emphasis onto the predicate: «c'est un dur métier que d'être belle femme» = 'it is a hard trade, being a beautiful woman'. «métier» = 'trade, craft, profession', so beauty is cast as grinding professional labour, not a gift."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces clause, coordinated with que (confession-s7-l2, confession-s7-l3), direct object of chantait","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"c'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to métier","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of métier","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dur","lemma":"dur","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies métier","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"métier","lemma":"métier","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"trade"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces infinitive clause d'être, complement of métier","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking être","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"être","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"copula linking to femme","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"belle","lemma":"bel","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies femme","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"femme","lemma":"femme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"woman"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"confession-s8-l2","source":"Et que c'est le travail banal","translation":"and that it is the routine drudgery","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces clause, coordinated with previous que clauses, direct object of chantait","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"c'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to travail","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of travail","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"travail","lemma":"travail","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"drudgery"},{"surface":"banal","lemma":"banal","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies travail","gloss":"routine"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"confession-s8-l3","source":"De la danseuse folle et froide qui se pâme","translation":"of the mad cold dancer who swoons","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking danseuse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of danseuse","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"danseuse","lemma":"danseur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"dancer"},{"surface":"folle","lemma":"fou","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies danseuse","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"froide","lemma":"froid","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with folle","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of pâme","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on pâme","gloss":"-self"},{"surface":"pâme","lemma":"pâmer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on danseuse","gloss":"swoons"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"confession-s8-l4","source":"Dans son sourire machinal;","translation":"behind her mechanical smile;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sourire","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sourire","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"sourire","lemma":"sourire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"smile"},{"surface":"machinal","lemma":"machinal","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sourire","gloss":"mechanical"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"confession-s9-l1","source":"Que bâtir sur les coeurs est une chose sotte;","translation":"that to build upon hearts is a foolish thing;","stanza":9,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bâtir sur les coeurs est une chose sotte","title":"Infinitive as subject","body":"The bare infinitive «bâtir» ('to build') is the subject of «est»: «bâtir sur les coeurs est une chose sotte» = 'to build on hearts is a foolish thing'. French uses a plain infinitive where English prefers a gerund ('building on hearts'). «sot/sotte» = 'foolish, silly'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces clause, coordinated with previous que clauses, direct object of chantait","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"bâtir","lemma":"bâtir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"subject of est","gloss":"to build"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coeurs","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of coeurs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"coeurs","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of bâtir","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to chose","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of chose","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"chose","lemma":"chose","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"sotte","lemma":"sot","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies chose","gloss":"foolish"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"confession-s9-l2","source":"Que tout craque, amour et beauté,","translation":"that everything cracks, love and beauty alike,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces clause, coordinated with previous que clauses, direct object of chantait","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of craque","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"craque","lemma":"craquer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"cracks"},{"surface":"amour","lemma":"amour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to tout","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"beauté","lemma":"beauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with amour, in apposition to tout","gloss":"beauty"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"confession-s9-l3","source":"Jusqu'à ce que l'Oubli les jette dans sa hotte","translation":"until Oblivion throws them into its basket","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Jusqu'à ce que l'Oubli les jette","title":"«jusqu'à ce que» + subjunctive","body":"«jusqu'à ce que» ('until') always governs the subjunctive: «jette» is the present subjunctive of «jeter» ('to throw'). «l'Oubli» (Oblivion), capitalized and personified, is the subject; «les» (love and beauty) the object. A «hotte» is the large basket a rag-picker or grape-harvester carries on the back — Oblivion gathers up the broken things like so much refuse."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jusqu'","lemma":"jusque","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ce","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ce","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of jette","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Oubli","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Oubli","lemma":"oubli","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of jette","gloss":"Oblivion"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of jette","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"jette","lemma":"jeter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the jusqu'à ce que clause","gloss":"throws"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hotte","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of hotte","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"hotte","lemma":"hotte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of jette","gloss":"basket"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"confession-s9-l4","source":"Pour les rendre à l'Eternité!»","translation":"to render them back to Eternity!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rendre","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of rendre","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"rendre","lemma":"rendre","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"render"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Eternité","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Eternité","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Eternité","lemma":"eternité","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of rendre","gloss":"Eternity"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"confession-s10-l1","source":"J'ai souvent évoqué cette lune enchantée,","translation":"I have often called back that enchanted moon,","stanza":10,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"J'ai souvent évoqué","title":"évoquer","body":"«évoquer» = 'to call up, to summon, to conjure' — used both of recalling the past and of an occultist raising spirits. The perfect «j'ai… évoqué» (with «souvent», 'often') tells us the poet has returned to this night again and again, summoning the moon, the silence, and the dreadful whisper."}],"words":[{"surface":"J'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of évoqué","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"depends on évoqué","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"souvent","lemma":"souvent","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies évoqué","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"évoqué","lemma":"évoquer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called back"},{"surface":"cette","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lune","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lune","lemma":"lune","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of évoqué","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"enchantée","lemma":"enchanté","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lune","gloss":"enchanted"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"confession-s10-l2","source":"Ce silence et cette langueur,","translation":"that silence and that languor,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of silence","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"silence","lemma":"silence","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cette","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of langueur","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"langueur","lemma":"langueur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with silence","gloss":"languor"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"confession-s10-l3","source":"Et cette confidence horrible chuchotée","translation":"and that dreadful confidence whispered","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cette","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of confidence","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"confidence","lemma":"confidence","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with lune (confession-s10-l1), direct object of évoqué (confession-s10-l1)","gloss":"confidence"},{"surface":"horrible","lemma":"horrible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies confidence","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"chuchotée","lemma":"chuchoter","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"modifies confidence","gloss":"whispered"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"confession-s10-l4","source":"Au confessionnal du coeur.","translation":"in the confessional of the heart.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Au confessionnal du coeur","title":"le confessionnal","body":"A «confessionnal» is the booth in a Catholic church where one confesses to a priest. «le confessionnal du coeur» — 'the confessional of the heart' — makes the intimate night itself a place of confession, and gives the poem its title: the beloved's whispered despair is a sin owned up to in the dark."}],"words":[{"surface":"Au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking confessionnal","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"confessionnal","lemma":"confessionnal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"confessional"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coeur","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies confessionnal","gloss":"heart"}]}]}