{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"correspondances","title":{"source":"Correspondances","translated":"Correspondences"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/correspondances","lines":14},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/elevation","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/j-aime-le-souvenir-de-ces-epoques-nues","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"correspondances-s1-l1","source":"La Nature est un temple où de vivants piliers","translation":"Nature is a temple where living pillars","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vivants piliers","title":"Adjective before the noun","body":"French adjectives usually follow the noun («piliers vivants»). Placing «vivants» before it is a poetic inversion that adds weight and solemnity, fitting Baudelaire's image of Nature as a temple."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Nature","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Nature","lemma":"nature","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"Nature"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to temple","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of temple","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"temple","lemma":"temple","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"temple"},{"surface":"où","lemma":"où","morphology":"pronoun","role":"modifies temple","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of piliers","gloss":"(some)","note":"'des' contracts to 'de' when an adjective (vivants) comes right before the noun."},{"surface":"vivants","lemma":"vivant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies piliers","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"piliers","lemma":"pilier","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of Laissent","gloss":"pillars"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"correspondances-s1-l2","source":"Laissent parfois sortir de confuses paroles;","translation":"Sometimes let slip confused words;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Laissent","lemma":"laisser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"parfois","lemma":"parfois","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Laissent","gloss":"sometimes"},{"surface":"sortir","lemma":"sortir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Laissent","gloss":"slip out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of paroles","gloss":"(some)"},{"surface":"confuses","lemma":"confus","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies paroles","gloss":"confused"},{"surface":"paroles","lemma":"parole","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of sortir","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"correspondances-s1-l3","source":"L'homme y passe à travers des forêts de symboles","translation":"Man passes there through forests of symbols","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of homme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"homme","lemma":"homme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of passe","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on passe","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"passe","lemma":"passer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"passes"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking travers","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"travers","lemma":"travers","morphology":"noun, masculine","role":"oblique argument of passe","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of forêts","gloss":"(some)"},{"surface":"forêts","lemma":"forêt","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of passe","gloss":"forests"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking symboles","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"symboles","lemma":"symbole","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies forêts","gloss":"symbols"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"correspondances-s1-l4","source":"Qui l'observent avec des regards familiers.","translation":"That watch him with familiar eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of observent","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of observent","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"observent","lemma":"observer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking regards","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of regards","gloss":"(some)"},{"surface":"regards","lemma":"regard","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"depends on observent","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"familiers","lemma":"familier","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies regards","gloss":"familiar"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"correspondances-s2-l1","source":"Comme de longs échos qui de loin se confondent","translation":"Like long echoes that mingle from afar","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking échos","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of échos","gloss":"(some)"},{"surface":"longs","lemma":"long","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies échos","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"échos","lemma":"écho","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"echoes"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of confondent","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking loin","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"loin","lemma":"loin","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies confondent","gloss":"afar"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on confondent","gloss":"each other","note":"Reciprocal reflexive: 'se confondent' = 'blend into one another,' not 'confuse themselves.'"},{"surface":"confondent","lemma":"confondre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on échos","gloss":"mingle"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"correspondances-s2-l2","source":"Dans une ténébreuse et profonde unité,","translation":"Into a shadowy and profound unity,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking unité","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of unité","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ténébreuse","lemma":"ténébreux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies unité","gloss":"shadowy"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"profonde","lemma":"profond","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with ténébreuse","gloss":"profound"},{"surface":"unité","lemma":"unité","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"unity"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"correspondances-s2-l3","source":"Vaste comme la nuit et comme la clarté,","translation":"Vast as the night and as the light,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vaste","lemma":"vaste","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies unité","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuit","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuit","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking clarté","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of clarté","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"clarté","lemma":"clarté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with nuit","gloss":"light"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"correspondances-s2-l4","source":"Les parfums, les couleurs et les sons se répondent.","translation":"Scents, colors, and sounds answer one another.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se répondent","title":"se répondre (reciprocal)","body":"«se répondre» is reciprocal here: the senses answer one another, or correspond. This line is the poem's thesis — the doctrine of «correspondances» (synesthesia) that gives the sonnet its name."}],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of parfums","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"parfums","lemma":"parfum","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of répondent","gloss":"scents"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of couleurs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"couleurs","lemma":"couleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of répondent","gloss":"colors"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sons","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sons","lemma":"son","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with couleurs","gloss":"sounds"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on répondent","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"répondent","lemma":"répondre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answer"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"correspondances-s3-l1","source":"Il est des parfums frais comme des chairs d'enfants,","translation":"There are scents as fresh as children's flesh,","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"impersonal subject of est","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (there is/are)","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of parfums","gloss":"(some)"},{"surface":"parfums","lemma":"parfum","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"complement of est","gloss":"scents"},{"surface":"frais","lemma":"frais","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies parfums","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chairs","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of chairs","gloss":"(some)"},{"surface":"chairs","lemma":"chair","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of comme","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enfants","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"enfants","lemma":"enfant","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"modifies chairs","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"correspondances-s3-l2","source":"Doux comme les hautbois, verts comme les prairies,","translation":"Sweet as oboes, green as meadows,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Doux","lemma":"doux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies parfums","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hautbois","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of hautbois","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hautbois","lemma":"hautbois","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of comme","gloss":"oboes"},{"surface":"verts","lemma":"vert","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with Doux","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prairies","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of prairies","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"prairies","lemma":"prairie","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of comme","gloss":"meadows"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"correspondances-s3-l3","source":"— Et d'autres, corrompus, riches et triomphants,","translation":"— And others, corrupt, rich, and triumphant,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of autres","gloss":"(some)"},{"surface":"autres","lemma":"autre","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with parfums","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"corrompus","lemma":"corrompu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies autres","gloss":"corrupt"},{"surface":"riches","lemma":"riche","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies autres","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"triomphants","lemma":"triomphant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with riches","gloss":"triumphant"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"correspondances-s4-l1","source":"Ayant l'expansion des choses infinies,","translation":"Having the expansion of infinite things,","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ayant","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"participial clause modifying autres","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of expansion","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"expansion","lemma":"expansion","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Ayant","gloss":"expansion"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking choses","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"choses","lemma":"chose","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies expansion","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"infinies","lemma":"infini","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies choses","gloss":"infinite"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"correspondances-s4-l2","source":"Comme l'ambre, le musc, le benjoin et l'encens,","translation":"Like amber, musk, benzoin, and incense,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"le benjoin","title":"le benjoin","body":"Benzoin — a sweet, balsamic resin burned as incense. Baudelaire groups it with amber, musk, and incense as the 'corrupt, rich' scents that expand toward the infinite."}],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"preposition marking ambre","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ambre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ambre","lemma":"ambre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Comme","gloss":"amber"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of musc","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"musc","lemma":"musc","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with ambre","gloss":"musk"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of benjoin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"benjoin","lemma":"benjoin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with ambre","gloss":"benzoin"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of encens","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"encens","lemma":"encens","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with ambre","gloss":"incense"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"correspondances-s4-l3","source":"Qui chantent les transports de l'esprit et des sens.","translation":"That sing the raptures of the spirit and the senses.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of chantent","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"chantent","lemma":"chanter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sing"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of transports","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"transports","lemma":"transport","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of chantent","gloss":"raptures"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esprit","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esprit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esprit","lemma":"esprit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies transports","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sens","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sens","lemma":"sens","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with esprit","gloss":"senses"}]}]}