{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"de-profundis-clamavi","title":{"source":"De profundis clamavi","translated":"Out of the Depths I Have Cried"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/de-profundis-clamavi","lines":14},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/une-charogne","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-vampire","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s1-l1","source":"J'implore ta pitié, Toi, l'unique que j'aime,","translation":"I beg your pity, You, the only one I love,","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"J'implore ta pitié","title":"«implorer» — to beg, to entreat","body":"«implorer» is to beg or implore — a far more abject, prayerful verb than «demander». «J'implore ta pitié» = 'I implore / beg your pity'. The capitalized «Toi» ('You') addresses the beloved like a deity, and the line answers the Latin title «De profundis clamavi» — 'out of the depths I have cried' — the opening of Psalm 130, turning a lover's plea into a cry to God from the pit."}],"words":[{"surface":"J'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of implore","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"implore","lemma":"implorer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pitié","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"pitié","lemma":"pitié","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of implore","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"Toi","lemma":"toi","morphology":"pronoun, disjunctive, singular","role":"in apposition, direct address","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of unique","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"unique","lemma":"unique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with Toi, in apposition","gloss":"only one"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of aime","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"j'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of aime","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"aime","lemma":"aimer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"relative clause on unique","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s1-l2","source":"Du fond du gouffre obscur où mon coeur est tombé.","translation":"From the depth of the dark abyss where my heart has fallen.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Du fond du gouffre obscur","title":"«le gouffre» — the abyss, the pit","body":"«un gouffre» is a chasm, gulf, or abyss; «du fond du gouffre obscur» = 'from the bottom of the dark abyss'. It renders the Latin «de profundis» ('from the depths') into French, and «où mon coeur est tombé» — 'where my heart has fallen' — fixes the speaker at the very floor of the pit from which he cries upward."}],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fond","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"fond","lemma":"fond","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"depth"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gouffre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"gouffre","lemma":"gouffre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fond","gloss":"abyss"},{"surface":"obscur","lemma":"obscur","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies gouffre","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb, relative","role":"relative adverb referring to gouffre, introduces clause of tombé","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tombé","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of tombé (passé composé)","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"tombé","lemma":"tomber","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause on gouffre","gloss":"fallen"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s1-l3","source":"C'est un univers morne à l'horizon plombé,","translation":"It is a dismal universe with a leaden horizon,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"à l'horizon plombé","title":"«plombé» — leaden, lead-grey","body":"«plombé» is the past participle of «plomber», from «le plomb» (lead); as an adjective it means 'leaden, lead-coloured, ashen'. «à l'horizon plombé» = 'with a leaden horizon' — a sky the dull grey of lead, heavy and lightless. «morne» ('dismal, bleak, dreary') in the same line sets the deadened mood of this inner world."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of univers","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to univers","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of univers","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"univers","lemma":"univers","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"universe"},{"surface":"morne","lemma":"morne","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies univers","gloss":"dismal"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horizon","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of horizon","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"horizon","lemma":"horizon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies univers","gloss":"horizon"},{"surface":"plombé","lemma":"plomber","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"modifies horizon","gloss":"leaden"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s1-l4","source":"Où nagent dans la nuit l'horreur et le blasphème;","translation":"where horror and blasphemy swim through the night;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Où nagent dans la nuit l'horreur et le blasphème","title":"Verb–subject inversion after «où»","body":"The verb «nagent» ('swim') comes before its subjects «l'horreur et le blasphème», an inversion common in verse after a relative like «où» ('where'). Read straight: «l'horreur et le blasphème nagent dans la nuit» — 'horror and blasphemy swim through the night'. The inversion lets the swimming motion arrive before the named things, so the abstractions seem to drift up out of the dark."}],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative adverb referring to univers (previous line), introduces clause of nagent","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"nagent","lemma":"nager","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swim"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuit","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuit","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"depends on nagent","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of horreur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"horreur","lemma":"horreur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of nagent","gloss":"horror"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of blasphème","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"blasphème","lemma":"blasphème","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with horreur (subject of nagent)","gloss":"blasphemy"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s2-l1","source":"Un soleil sans chaleur plane au-dessus six mois,","translation":"A sun without heat hovers overhead six months,","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of soleil","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"soleil","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chaleur","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"chaleur","lemma":"chaleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies soleil","gloss":"heat"},{"surface":"plane","lemma":"planer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hovers"},{"surface":"au-dessus","lemma":"au-dessus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies plane","gloss":"overhead"},{"surface":"six","lemma":"six","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies mois","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"mois","lemma":"mois","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"adverbial time complement of plane","gloss":"months"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s2-l2","source":"Et les six autres mois la nuit couvre la terre;","translation":"and the other six months the night covers the earth;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of mois","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"six","lemma":"six","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies mois","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"autres","lemma":"autre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies mois","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"mois","lemma":"mois","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"adverbial time complement of couvre","gloss":"months"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuit","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of couvre","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"couvre","lemma":"couvrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"covers"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of terre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terre","lemma":"terre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of couvre","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s2-l3","source":"C'est un pays plus nu que la terre polaire","translation":"It is a land more naked than the polar earth","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"plus nu que la terre polaire","title":"Comparative «plus … que»","body":"«plus nu que» = 'more naked than' — the standard comparative «plus + adjective + que». «un pays plus nu que la terre polaire» = 'a land more naked than the polar earth'. The image extends the six-month sun and six-month night of the lines above into an Arctic waste, and the next line strips it barer still."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of pays","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to pays","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pays","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pays","lemma":"pays","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies nu","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pays","gloss":"naked"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of terre","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of terre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terre","lemma":"terre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of comparison with nu","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"polaire","lemma":"polaire","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies terre","gloss":"polar"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s2-l4","source":"— Ni bêtes, ni ruisseaux, ni verdure, ni bois!","translation":"— neither beasts, nor streams, nor greenery, nor woods!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ni bêtes, ni ruisseaux, ni verdure, ni bois","title":"Repeated «ni … ni» — neither … nor","body":"«ni … ni …» is the correlative 'neither … nor', normally paired with «ne» on the verb; here the verb is dropped and the four «ni» pile up alone for force: 'no beasts, no streams, no greenery, no woods'. The em-dash that opens the line marks an outburst, and the fourfold negation empties the polar land of every living thing at once."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the negative coordination (ni...ni...)","gloss":"neither","note":"ni...ni...ni...ni is a correlative negation, \"neither...nor...nor...nor.\""},{"surface":"bêtes","lemma":"bête","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"beasts"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ruisseaux","lemma":"ruisseau","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with bêtes","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"verdure","lemma":"verdure","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with bêtes","gloss":"greenery"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"bois","lemma":"bois","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with bêtes","gloss":"woods"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s3-l1","source":"Or il n'est pas d'horreur au monde qui surpasse","translation":"Now there is no horror in the world that surpasses","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"il n'est pas d'horreur","title":"«il n'est pas de» = il n'y a pas de","body":"«il n'est pas d'horreur» is the elevated, literary form of «il n'y a pas d'horreur» — 'there is no horror'. After a negation «de» replaces the article «une». «Or» opening the tercet means 'now / and so', a turn in the argument: of all horrors, none «surpasse» (surpasses) the one named next."}],"words":[{"surface":"Or","lemma":"or","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"impersonal subject of est","gloss":"(impersonal it)"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies horreur","gloss":"(negation)"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"impersonal existential verb (il n'est pas = there is not)","gloss":"is","note":"il n'est pas is a literary impersonal existential construction equivalent to il n'y a pas, \"there is not.\""},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies horreur","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horreur","gloss":"(partitive)"},{"surface":"horreur","lemma":"horreur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"complement of the existential il n'est pas","gloss":"horror"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking monde","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of surpasse","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"surpasse","lemma":"surpasser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on monde","gloss":"surpasses"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s3-l2","source":"La froide cruauté de ce soleil de glace","translation":"the cold cruelty of this sun of ice","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cruauté","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"froide","lemma":"froid","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cruauté","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"cruauté","lemma":"cruauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cruelty"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soleil","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of soleil","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"soleil","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifying cruauté","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking glace","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"glace","lemma":"glace","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies soleil","gloss":"ice"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s3-l3","source":"Et cette immense nuit semblable au vieux Chaos;","translation":"and this immense night, like the ancient Chaos;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"semblable au vieux Chaos","title":"Chaos — the primordial void","body":"«le Chaos» is the formless void of Greek cosmogony, the gaping dark that existed before the ordered world. «semblable au vieux Chaos» = 'like the old / ancient Chaos'. The capitalized, personified word lifts the lover's frozen night to a cosmic scale: not merely dark, but the un-created abyss that came before light, beasts, and woods themselves."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cette","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuit","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"immense","lemma":"immense","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies nuit","gloss":"immense"},{"surface":"nuit","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with cruauté, head of the noun phrase","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"semblable","lemma":"semblable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies nuit","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Chaos","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"vieux","lemma":"vieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies Chaos","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"Chaos","lemma":"chaos","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of semblable","gloss":"Chaos"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s4-l1","source":"Je jalouse le sort des plus vils animaux","translation":"I envy the lot of the basest animals","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Je jalouse le sort","title":"«jalouser» — to envy","body":"«jalouser» is to envy or be jealous of (from «jaloux»); «le sort» here means 'the lot, the fate'. «Je jalouse le sort des plus vils animaux» = 'I envy the fate of the basest animals'. «vil» means 'base, vile, lowly' — the speaker has sunk so far he covets the existence of the meanest creatures, for the one mercy the next lines name."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of jalouse","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"jalouse","lemma":"jalouser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"envy"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sort","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sort","lemma":"sort","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of jalouse","gloss":"lot"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking animaux","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vils","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"vils","lemma":"vil","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies animaux","gloss":"basest"},{"surface":"animaux","lemma":"animal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of des","gloss":"animals"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s4-l2","source":"Qui peuvent se plonger dans un sommeil stupide,","translation":"who can plunge themselves into a stupefied sleep,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se plonger dans un sommeil","title":"Pronominal «se plonger» — to plunge oneself","body":"«se plonger» is the pronominal of «plonger» (to plunge, to dive); with «se» it means 'to immerse / plunge oneself'. «se plonger dans un sommeil stupide» = 'to sink into a stupefied sleep'. «stupide» keeps its Latin force of 'stunned, numb, senseless' — the mindless oblivion the animals can reach but the wakeful, suffering speaker cannot."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of peuvent","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"peuvent","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on plonger","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"plonger","lemma":"plonger","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of peuvent","gloss":"plunge"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sommeil","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sommeil","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sommeil","lemma":"sommeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of plonger","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"stupide","lemma":"stupide","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies sommeil","gloss":"stupefied"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"de-profundis-clamavi-s4-l3","source":"Tant l'écheveau du temps lentement se dévide!","translation":"so slowly does the skein of time unwind!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"l'écheveau du temps … se dévide","title":"«l'écheveau» — the skein of thread","body":"«un écheveau» is a skein or hank of yarn; «se dévider» is 'to unwind, to unreel'. «l'écheveau du temps lentement se dévide» = 'the skein of time slowly unwinds'. «Tant» fronts the line as 'so much / to such a degree', explaining the envy: time pays out so agonizingly slowly that endless wakefulness is the worst torment of the frozen pit."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tant","lemma":"tant","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lentement","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of écheveau","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"écheveau","lemma":"écheveau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dévide","gloss":"skein"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking temps","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"temps","lemma":"temps","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies écheveau","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"lentement","lemma":"lentement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dévide","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on dévide","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"dévide","lemma":"dévider","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"unwinds"}]}]}