{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"harmonie-du-soir","title":{"source":"Harmonie du soir","translated":"Evening Harmony"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/harmonie-du-soir","lines":16},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/l-aube-spirituelle","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-flacon","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s1-l1","source":"Voici venir les temps où vibrant sur sa tige","translation":"Now comes the season when, quivering on its stem,","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Voici venir les temps","title":"«voici» + infinitive","body":"«voici» (or «voilà») followed by a bare infinitive presents an action as it arrives before the eyes: «voici venir les temps» = 'here come the times / now comes the season'. It is more vivid than «voici les temps qui viennent», staging the hour of dusk as something that steps forward onto the page. «vibrant» is the present participle of «vibrer» (to vibrate, quiver), here describing each flower trembling on its «tige» (stem)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Voici","lemma":"voici","morphology":"presentative particle","role":"main predicate introducing venir","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"venir","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Voici","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of temps","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"temps","lemma":"temps","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of venir","gloss":"season"},{"surface":"où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative adverb modifying temps","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"vibrant","lemma":"vibrer","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"adverbial clause describing chaque fleur (s1-l2)","gloss":"quivering"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tige","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tige","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"tige","lemma":"tige","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of vibrant","gloss":"stem"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s1-l2","source":"Chaque fleur s'évapore ainsi qu'un encensoir;","translation":"each flower evaporates like a censer;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"s'évapore","title":"Pronominal «s'évaporer»","body":"«s'évaporer» is the pronominal form of «évaporer», meaning 'to evaporate, to vanish into vapour' on its own. The reflexive «se» makes the flower the agent of its own dissolving — it does not merely give off scent, it breathes itself away. «ainsi que» is a literary 'just as / like', and «un encensoir» is the swinging censer that scatters incense at Mass, the first of the poem's liturgical objects."}],"words":[{"surface":"Chaque","lemma":"chaque","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fleur","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"fleur","lemma":"fleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of évapore","gloss":"flower"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on évapore","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"évapore","lemma":"évaporer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"evaporates"},{"surface":"ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the correlative ainsi que","gloss":"just","note":"\"ainsi que\" together means \"just as/like\"."},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase ainsi","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of encensoir","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"encensoir","lemma":"encensoir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of ainsi que, compared to évapore","gloss":"censer"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s1-l3","source":"Les sons et les parfums tournent dans l'air du soir;","translation":"the sounds and the perfumes turn in the evening air;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Les sons et les parfums","title":"Synesthesia: «les sons» and «les parfums» together","body":"«le son» is a sound, «le parfum» a scent or perfume. Yoking them into a single subject that 'turns' («tournent») in the air fuses hearing and smell, the cross-sensory mingling Baudelaire calls «correspondances». The dusk is not described sense by sense but as one swirling, waltzing medium in which sound and fragrance circle together."}],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sons","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sons","lemma":"son","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of tournent","gloss":"sounds"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of parfums","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"parfums","lemma":"parfum","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of tournent","gloss":"perfumes"},{"surface":"tournent","lemma":"tourner","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking air","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of air","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"air","lemma":"air","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of tournent","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soir","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"soir","lemma":"soir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies air","gloss":"evening"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s1-l4","source":"Valse mélancolique et langoureux vertige!","translation":"melancholy waltz and languorous vertigo!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Valse","lemma":"valse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Waltz"},{"surface":"mélancolique","lemma":"mélancolique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Valse","gloss":"melancholy"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"langoureux","lemma":"langoureux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies vertige","gloss":"languorous"},{"surface":"vertige","lemma":"vertige","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Valse","gloss":"vertigo"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s2-l1","source":"Chaque fleur s'évapore ainsi qu'un encensoir;","translation":"Each flower evaporates like a censer;","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chaque","lemma":"chaque","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fleur","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"fleur","lemma":"fleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of évapore","gloss":"flower"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on évapore","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"évapore","lemma":"évaporer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"evaporates"},{"surface":"ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the correlative ainsi que","gloss":"just","note":"\"ainsi que\" together means \"just as/like\"."},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase ainsi","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of encensoir","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"encensoir","lemma":"encensoir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of ainsi que, compared to évapore","gloss":"censer"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s2-l2","source":"Le violon frémit comme un coeur qu'on afflige;","translation":"the violin shudders like a heart one wounds;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"comme un coeur qu'on afflige","title":"Indefinite «on» in a relative clause","body":"«qu'on afflige» = 'that one afflicts / that is being grieved'. «on» is the indefinite subject ('one, someone, people'), often best turned into an English passive: 'a heart that is wounded'. «affliger» is to grieve, to distress; «frémir» is to quiver or shudder. The trembling string is likened to a heart at the moment pain is inflicted on it — the simile that pivots the poem from beauty toward ache."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of violon","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"violon","lemma":"violon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of frémit","gloss":"violin"},{"surface":"frémit","lemma":"frémir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shudders"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coeur","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of afflige","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"on","lemma":"on","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of afflige","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"afflige","lemma":"affliger","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on coeur","gloss":"wounds"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s2-l3","source":"Valse mélancolique et langoureux vertige!","translation":"melancholy waltz and languorous vertigo!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Valse","lemma":"valse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Waltz"},{"surface":"mélancolique","lemma":"mélancolique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Valse","gloss":"melancholy"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"langoureux","lemma":"langoureux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies vertige","gloss":"languorous"},{"surface":"vertige","lemma":"vertige","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Valse","gloss":"vertigo"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s2-l4","source":"Le ciel est triste et beau comme un grand reposoir.","translation":"the sky is sad and lovely like a great altar of repose.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un grand reposoir","title":"«le reposoir» — the wayside altar","body":"«un reposoir» is the temporary altar, banked with flowers and candles, on which the consecrated Host is set to rest during a Corpus Christi procession. There is no single English word for it ('altar of repose', 'resting-altar'). Set beside «un encensoir» (censer) above and «un ostensoir» (monstrance) at the close, it makes the evening sky one more sacred furnishing — the dusk staged as a Mass."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ciel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciel","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of triste","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to triste","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"beau","lemma":"beau","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with triste","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking reposoir","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of reposoir","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grand","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies reposoir","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"reposoir","lemma":"reposoir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"altar"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s3-l1","source":"Le violon frémit comme un coeur qu'on afflige,","translation":"The violin shudders like a heart one wounds,","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of violon","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"violon","lemma":"violon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of frémit","gloss":"violin"},{"surface":"frémit","lemma":"frémir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shudders"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coeur","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of afflige","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"on","lemma":"on","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of afflige","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"afflige","lemma":"affliger","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on coeur","gloss":"wounds"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s3-l2","source":"Un coeur tendre, qui hait le néant vaste et noir!","translation":"a tender heart, that hates the vast black void!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"qui hait le néant","title":"«haïr» — to hate, and the form «hait»","body":"«hait» is the third-person singular present of «haïr» (to hate): «qui hait le néant» = 'that hates the void'. «haïr» keeps the diaeresis (the two dots) through most of its forms, but drops it in the singular present — «je hais, tu hais, il hait» — where the «ai» is one syllable. «le néant» is nothingness, the void, non-being; the tender heart recoils from the «vaste et noir» abyss the evening opens beneath its beauty."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"tendre","lemma":"tendre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies coeur","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hait","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hait","lemma":"haïr","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on coeur","gloss":"hates"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of néant","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"néant","lemma":"néant","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hait","gloss":"void"},{"surface":"vaste","lemma":"vaste","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies néant","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"noir","lemma":"noir","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with vaste","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s3-l3","source":"Le ciel est triste et beau comme un grand reposoir;","translation":"the sky is sad and lovely like a great altar of repose;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ciel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciel","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of triste","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to triste","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"beau","lemma":"beau","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with triste","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking reposoir","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of reposoir","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grand","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies reposoir","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"reposoir","lemma":"reposoir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"altar"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s3-l4","source":"Le soleil s'est noyé dans son sang qui se fige.","translation":"the sun has drowned in its own congealing blood.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Le soleil s'est noyé","title":"Pronominal «se noyer» in the «passé composé»","body":"«se noyer» is the pronominal verb 'to drown (oneself)'; in the «passé composé» it takes «être», so «le soleil s'est noyé» = 'the sun has drowned'. The reflexive makes the sunset an act the sun performs on itself, sinking into «son sang qui se fige» — 'its blood that congeals', «se figer» being 'to set, to clot, to grow stiff'. The setting sun bleeds out and clots on the horizon."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of soleil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soleil","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of noyé","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of noyé","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on noyé","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"noyé","lemma":"noyer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drowned"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sang","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sang","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"sang","lemma":"sang","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of noyé","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fige","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on fige","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"fige","lemma":"figer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on sang","gloss":"congeals"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s4-l1","source":"Un coeur tendre, qui hait le néant vaste et noir,","translation":"A tender heart, that hates the vast black void,","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"tendre","lemma":"tendre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies coeur","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of hait","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"hait","lemma":"haïr","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on coeur","gloss":"hates"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of néant","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"néant","lemma":"néant","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hait","gloss":"void"},{"surface":"vaste","lemma":"vaste","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies néant","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"noir","lemma":"noir","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with vaste","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s4-l2","source":"Du passé lumineux recueille tout vestige!","translation":"gathers up every vestige of the luminous past!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Du passé lumineux recueille tout vestige","title":"Fronted object «du passé lumineux»","body":"The natural order is «recueille tout vestige du passé lumineux» — 'gathers up every trace of the luminous past'. Baudelaire fronts «du passé lumineux» to the head of the line for emphasis and rhyme; read it as the source from which «tout vestige» is gathered. «recueillir» is to collect, gather up, glean; «un vestige» is a trace or remnant. Against the encroaching void, the tender heart hoards the last glimmers of a radiant past."}],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking passé","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"passé","lemma":"passé","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of recueille","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"lumineux","lemma":"lumineux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies passé","gloss":"luminous"},{"surface":"recueille","lemma":"recueillir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gathers"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vestige","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"vestige","lemma":"vestige","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of recueille","gloss":"vestige"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s4-l3","source":"Le soleil s'est noyé dans son sang qui se fige...","translation":"the sun has drowned in its own congealing blood...","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of soleil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soleil","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of noyé","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of noyé","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on noyé","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"noyé","lemma":"noyer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drowned"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sang","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sang","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"sang","lemma":"sang","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of noyé","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of fige","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on fige","gloss":"(reflexive)"},{"surface":"fige","lemma":"figer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on sang","gloss":"congeals"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"harmonie-du-soir-s4-l4","source":"Ton souvenir en moi luit comme un ostensoir!","translation":"your memory shines within me like a monstrance!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"comme un ostensoir","title":"«l'ostensoir» — the monstrance","body":"«un ostensoir» is the monstrance, the radiant gold vessel — often sunburst-shaped — in which the consecrated Host is displayed for adoration. «luire» is 'to shine, to glow'. The poem's final image completes its liturgy: «encensoir» (censer), «reposoir» (resting-altar), «ostensoir» (monstrance) chime as rhymes, and the beloved's remembered face becomes the gleaming Host raised against the dark, the one light left when the sun has bled away."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of souvenir","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"souvenir","lemma":"souvenir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of luit","gloss":"memory"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking moi","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"moi","lemma":"moi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of en, oblique argument of luit","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"luit","lemma":"luire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shines"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ostensoir","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ostensoir","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ostensoir","lemma":"ostensoir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of luit","gloss":"monstrance"}]}]}