{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"l-ennemi","title":{"source":"L'Ennemi","translated":"The Enemy"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/l-ennemi","lines":14},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-mauvais-moine","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-guignon","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"l-ennemi-s1-l1","source":"Ma jeunesse ne fut qu'un ténébreux orage,","translation":"My youth was nothing but a shadowy storm,","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ne fut qu'","title":"The restrictive «ne ... que»","body":"«ne ... que» is not a negation but a restriction meaning 'only, nothing but': «ma jeunesse ne fut qu'un orage» = 'my youth was nothing but a storm'. «fut» is the «passé simple» of «être» (to be), the literary past tense that seals the youth off as a finished, vanished thing. «ténébreux» (shadowy, murky) is one of Baudelaire's signature words for darkness shot through with menace."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of jeunesse","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"jeunesse","lemma":"jeunesse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of fut","gloss":"youth"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fut","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fut","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to orage","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fut (ne...que = only)","gloss":"only","note":"\"ne...que\" is a restrictive construction meaning \"only\"."},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of orage","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ténébreux","lemma":"ténébreux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies orage","gloss":"shadowy"},{"surface":"orage","lemma":"orage","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of fut","gloss":"storm"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"l-ennemi-s1-l2","source":"Traversé çà et là par de brillants soleils;","translation":"Crossed here and there by brilliant suns;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"çà et là","title":"«çà et là» — here and there","body":"«çà et là» is a fixed adverbial phrase meaning 'here and there, in scattered places'. The «çà» carries a grave accent to distinguish it from «ça» ('that'). «Traversé» is a past participle modifying «orage» from the line before — the storm 'crossed' by «de brillants soleils»; note «de», not «des», because the adjective «brillants» stands ahead of the noun."}],"words":[{"surface":"Traversé","lemma":"traverser","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"modifies orage (participial clause)","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"çà","lemma":"çà","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom çà et là, modifies Traversé","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the idiom çà et là, modifies Traversé","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the agent of Traversé","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of soleils","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"brillants","lemma":"brillant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies soleils","gloss":"brilliant"},{"surface":"soleils","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of par","gloss":"suns"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"l-ennemi-s1-l3","source":"Le tonnerre et la pluie ont fait un tel ravage,","translation":"The thunder and the rain have wrought such havoc,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tonnerre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tonnerre","lemma":"tonnerre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fait","gloss":"thunder"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pluie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pluie","lemma":"pluie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with tonnerre","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"ont","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on fait","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"fait","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wrought"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ravage","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"tel","lemma":"tel","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ravage","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ravage","lemma":"ravage","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fait","gloss":"havoc"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"l-ennemi-s1-l4","source":"Qu'il reste en mon jardin bien peu de fruits vermeils.","translation":"That very few crimson fruits remain in my garden.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"il reste ... peu de","title":"Impersonal «il reste»","body":"«il reste» is an impersonal construction — 'there remains / there is left' — where «il» refers to nothing; the true subject «bien peu de fruits vermeils» ('very few crimson fruits') follows the verb. «vermeil» means a deep ruby-red, almost gilded; the storm-wrecked garden is the soul, and its scant red fruit the little that survived of the poet's promise."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of reste","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal, masculine, singular","role":"depends on reste","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"reste","lemma":"rester","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jardin","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of jardin","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"jardin","lemma":"jardin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on reste","gloss":"garden"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies peu","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"peu","lemma":"peu","morphology":"adverb","role":"quantifies fruits, subject of reste","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fruits","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fruits","lemma":"fruit","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of reste (via peu de)","gloss":"fruits"},{"surface":"vermeils","lemma":"vermeil","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fruits","gloss":"crimson"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"l-ennemi-s2-l1","source":"Voilà que j'ai touché l'automne des idées,","translation":"Now I have reached the autumn of ideas,","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Voilà que","title":"«voilà que» — and now, suddenly","body":"«voilà que» introduces an event as it arrives upon the speaker — 'and now, suddenly, here it is that...'. It lends the line the shock of a turning point: «voilà que j'ai touché l'automne des idées» = 'now I have reached the autumn of ideas'. The metaphor folds the seasons into the mind — youth was the storm, and middle age is the harvest's late, declining season."}],"words":[{"surface":"Voilà","lemma":"voilà","morphology":"presentative adverb","role":"introduces the clause j'ai touché","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of touché","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"j'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of touché","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"depends on touché","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"touché","lemma":"toucher","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the que-clause","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of automne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"automne","lemma":"automne","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of touché","gloss":"autumn"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking idées","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"idées","lemma":"idée","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies automne","gloss":"ideas"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"l-ennemi-s2-l2","source":"Et qu'il faut employer la pelle et les râteaux","translation":"And that I must take up the spade and the rakes","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"il faut employer","title":"Impersonal «il faut» + infinitive","body":"«il faut» is the impersonal verb of necessity — 'one must, it is necessary to' — and takes an infinitive directly: «il faut employer» = 'one must use / take up'. The «qu'» links it back to «voilà que», so the obligation arrives with the autumn: the gardener-poet must now use «la pelle» (the spade) and «les râteaux» (the rakes) to repair the ruined ground."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of faut","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal, masculine, singular","role":"depends on faut","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"faut","lemma":"falloir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"employer","lemma":"employer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of faut","gloss":"take up"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pelle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pelle","lemma":"pelle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of employer","gloss":"spade"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of râteaux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"râteaux","lemma":"râteau","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with pelle","gloss":"rakes"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"l-ennemi-s2-l3","source":"Pour rassembler à neuf les terres inondées,","translation":"To gather anew the flooded earth,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"à neuf","title":"«à neuf» — afresh, like new","body":"«à neuf» is an idiom meaning 'anew, afresh, so as to be like new' (from «neuf», 'new, brand-new'). «rassembler à neuf les terres inondées» = 'to bank up the flooded soil afresh'. «inondées» is the past participle of «inonder» (to flood), agreeing in the feminine plural with «les terres» — the labour is to reclaim the drowned ground of the self."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rassembler","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"rassembler","lemma":"rassembler","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gather"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom à neuf, modifies rassembler","gloss":"anew","note":"\"à neuf\" is idiomatic for \"afresh/anew\"."},{"surface":"neuf","lemma":"neuf","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom à neuf","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of terres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terres","lemma":"terre","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of rassembler","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"inondées","lemma":"inonder","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, plural","role":"clause modifying terres","gloss":"flooded"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"l-ennemi-s2-l4","source":"Où l'eau creuse des trous grands comme des tombeaux.","translation":"Where the water hollows out holes as large as tombs.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"grands comme des tombeaux","title":"«grand comme» — as large as","body":"«grand comme» sets up a comparison of size — 'as large as'. «des trous grands comme des tombeaux» = 'holes as large as tombs'. «creuser» is 'to dig, to hollow out', here in the present tense for a damage still underway. The simile turns the eroded garden-beds into open graves, and quietly summons the Enemy who will be named in the final lines."}],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces relative clause modifying terres","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of eau","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eau","lemma":"eau","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of creuse","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"creuse","lemma":"creuser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the où-clause","gloss":"hollows out"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of trous","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"trous","lemma":"trou","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of creuse","gloss":"holes"},{"surface":"grands","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies trous","gloss":"large"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tombeaux","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of tombeaux","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"tombeaux","lemma":"tombeau","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of comme","gloss":"tombs"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"l-ennemi-s3-l1","source":"Et qui sait si les fleurs nouvelles que je rêve","translation":"And who knows whether the new flowers I dream of","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"qui sait si","title":"«qui sait si» — who knows whether","body":"«si» after «qui sait» is the conjunction 'whether / if', opening an indirect question that hangs unanswered until the verb «Trouveront» in the next line. «que je rêve» uses «rêver» transitively — 'the flowers that I dream', i.e. dream of — a slightly elevated turn. The tercet's doubt sets the whole poem trembling: will anything new grow from the wrecked, washed soil?"}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of sait","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sait","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of Trouveront","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fleurs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fleurs","lemma":"fleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of Trouveront","gloss":"flowers"},{"surface":"nouvelles","lemma":"nouveau","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies fleurs","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"direct object of rêve, refers to fleurs","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of rêve","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"rêve","lemma":"rêver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"relative clause on fleurs","gloss":"dream"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"l-ennemi-s3-l2","source":"Trouveront dans ce sol lavé comme une grève","translation":"Will find in this soil, washed bare like a shore,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"une grève","title":"«la grève» — the strand","body":"«la grève» here means a flat, gravelly shore or strand, especially one swept and scoured by the tide (its other modern sense, 'a labour strike', is unrelated). «ce sol lavé comme une grève» = 'this soil washed bare like a shore' — rinsed of all nourishment, clean and barren. «lavé» is the past participle of «laver» (to wash)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Trouveront","lemma":"trouver","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the si-clause (subject: fleurs), complement of sait","gloss":"will find"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sol","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sol","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"sol","lemma":"sol","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Trouveront","gloss":"soil"},{"surface":"lavé","lemma":"laver","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sol","gloss":"washed"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grève","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of grève","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grève","lemma":"grève","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"shore"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"l-ennemi-s3-l3","source":"Le mystique aliment qui ferait leur vigueur?","translation":"The mystic nourishment that would give them strength?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"qui ferait leur vigueur","title":"The conditional «ferait»","body":"«ferait» is the conditional of «faire» (to make, to do): «l'aliment qui ferait leur vigueur» = 'the nourishment that would make / give their strength'. The conditional keeps the outcome hypothetical, suspended on the «qui sait si» of two lines back. «aliment» is sustenance, food in the broad sense; «mystique» raises it from the literal garden to the spiritual nourishment a depleted soul might still need."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aliment","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mystique","lemma":"mystique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies aliment","gloss":"mystic"},{"surface":"aliment","lemma":"aliment","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Trouveront","gloss":"nourishment"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ferait","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ferait","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, present, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on aliment","gloss":"would give"},{"surface":"leur","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of vigueur","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"vigueur","lemma":"vigueur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ferait","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"l-ennemi-s4-l1","source":"— Ô douleur! ô douleur! Le Temps mange la vie,","translation":"— O grief! O grief! Time eats away our life,","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation marking douleur","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"douleur","lemma":"douleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation marking douleur","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"douleur","lemma":"douleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Temps","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Temps","lemma":"temps","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mange","gloss":"Time"},{"surface":"mange","lemma":"manger","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"eats"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vie","lemma":"vie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of mange","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"l-ennemi-s4-l2","source":"Et l'obscur Ennemi qui nous ronge le coeur","translation":"And the dark Enemy that gnaws at our heart","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nous ronge le coeur","title":"The dative «nous» of the body part","body":"Where English says 'gnaws at our heart', French marks the possessor with a dative pronoun and a definite article: «nous ronge le coeur» = 'gnaws the heart from us'. «ronger» (to gnaw, to eat away) makes the Enemy a slow, biting parasite. The capitalised «Ennemi» gives the poem its title and its riddle — Time, or remorse, or death itself, never finally named."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Ennemi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"obscur","lemma":"obscur","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Ennemi","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"Ennemi","lemma":"ennemi","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of a verb outside this segment (croît et se fortifie, in the poem's final line); not coordinated with mange","gloss":"Enemy"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ronge","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of ronge","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ronge","lemma":"ronger","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Ennemi","gloss":"gnaws"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ronge","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"l-ennemi-s4-l3","source":"Du sang que nous perdons croît et se fortifie!","translation":"Grows and gathers strength on the blood we lose!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"croît et se fortifie","title":"Pronominal «se fortifier»","body":"Two verbs close the sonnet on the Enemy: «croît» (from «croître», to grow — the circumflex on «î» distinguishes it from «croit», 'believes') and the pronominal «se fortifier» (to strengthen oneself, grow stronger). «Du sang que nous perdons» is a prepositional phrase — «du» = de + le, 'from the blood that we lose' — so the Enemy feeds and draws strength from our very wasting: the more life drains away, the stronger it becomes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"de","morphology":"contracted preposition (de + le)","role":"preposition marking sang","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"sang","lemma":"sang","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of croît (fronted)","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"direct object of perdons (refers to sang)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of perdons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"perdons","lemma":"perdre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"relative clause on sang","gloss":"lose"},{"surface":"croît","lemma":"croître","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grows"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on fortifie","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"fortifie","lemma":"fortifier","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with croît","gloss":"grows strong"}]}]}