{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"l-heautontimoroumenos","title":{"source":"L'Héautontimorouménos","translated":"The Self-Tormentor"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/l-heautontimoroumenos","lines":29},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/horreur-sympathique","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/l-irremediable","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s0-l1","source":"À J.G.F.","translation":"To J.G.F.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"À","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking J.G.F.","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"J.G.F.","lemma":"J.G.F.","morphology":"proper noun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"J.G.F."}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s1-l1","source":"Je te frapperai sans colère","translation":"I will strike you without anger","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Je te frapperai","title":"Future tense + object pronoun «te»","body":"«frapperai» is the simple future of «frapper» ('to strike'): 'I will strike'. The object pronoun «te» ('you') sits before the verb, as French requires: «je te frapperai» = 'I will strike you'. The cold future tense turns the blow into a calm, premeditated promise."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of frapperai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on frapperai","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"frapperai","lemma":"frapper","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will strike"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking colère","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"colère","lemma":"colère","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"depends on frapperai","gloss":"anger"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s1-l2","source":"Et sans haine, comme un boucher,","translation":"and without hatred, like a butcher,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking haine","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"haine","lemma":"haine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hatred"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boucher","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of boucher","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"boucher","lemma":"boucher","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comme, compared to je frapperai (subject)","gloss":"butcher"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s1-l3","source":"Comme Moïse le rocher!","translation":"as Moses struck the rock!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of Moïse","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Moïse","lemma":"Moïse","morphology":"proper noun","role":"subject of the elided verb (frappe), compared to je frapperai","gloss":"Moses"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rocher","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rocher","lemma":"rocher","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of the elided verb (frappe)","gloss":"rock"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s1-l4","source":"Et je ferai de ta paupière,","translation":"And from your eyelid I will make,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ferai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ferai","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will make"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paupière","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of paupière","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"paupière","lemma":"paupière","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of ferai","gloss":"eyelid"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s2-l1","source":"Pour abreuver mon Saharah,","translation":"to water my Sahara,","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"abreuver mon Saharah","title":"abreuver / Saharah","body":"«abreuver» = 'to water, to give drink to' (used of livestock at a trough). «Saharah» is Baudelaire's spelling of the Sahara, here a metaphor for the poet's parched, desolate heart. The sentence runs across the stanza break: 'from your eyelid I will make spring forth… the waters of suffering' to water that desert."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of abreuver","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"abreuver","lemma":"abreuver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Saharah","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Saharah","lemma":"Saharah","morphology":"proper noun","role":"direct object of abreuver","gloss":"Sahara"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s2-l2","source":"Jaillir les eaux de la souffrance.","translation":"spring forth the waters of suffering.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ferai … Jaillir","title":"«faire» + infinitive (causative)","body":"«faire» + infinitive is the causative: the subject makes something happen. Spanning lines 4–6, «je ferai … jaillir les eaux» = 'I will make the waters spring forth'. «jaillir» ('to gush, to spurt') is the action the poet causes by striking the eyelid."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jaillir","lemma":"jaillir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of ferai (causative construction, from l1-l4)","gloss":"spring forth"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of eaux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eaux","lemma":"eau","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of jaillir (within the causative faire...jaillir)","gloss":"waters"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking souffrance","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of souffrance","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"souffrance","lemma":"souffrance","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies eaux","gloss":"suffering"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s2-l3","source":"Mon désir gonflé d'espérance","translation":"My desire, swollen with hope,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of désir","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"désir","lemma":"désir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"gonflé","lemma":"gonfler","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying désir","gloss":"swollen"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espérance","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"espérance","lemma":"espérance","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of gonflé","gloss":"hope"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s2-l4","source":"Sur tes pleurs salés nagera","translation":"will swim upon your salt tears","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pleurs","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pleurs","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"pleurs","lemma":"pleur","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"depends on nagera","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"salés","lemma":"saler","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pleurs","gloss":"salt"},{"surface":"nagera","lemma":"nager","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will swim"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s3-l1","source":"Comme un vaisseau qui prend le large,","translation":"like a vessel putting out to sea,","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"prend le large","title":"prendre le large","body":"«prendre le large» is a nautical idiom: 'to put out to sea, to head for open water' (literally 'to take the offing'). The poet's desire, buoyed by the beloved's tears, sails off like a ship leaving harbor."}],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vaisseau","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vaisseau","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vaisseau","lemma":"vaisseau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"vessel"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of prend","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"prend","lemma":"prendre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on vaisseau","gloss":"puts out"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of large","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"large","lemma":"large","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of prend","gloss":"open sea"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s3-l2","source":"Et dans mon coeur qu'ils soûleront","translation":"and in my heart, which they will intoxicate,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"qu'ils soûleront","title":"Relative «que» as object + «soûler»","body":"«que» is the object relative ('which'), pointing back to «mon coeur» (my heart); the subject «ils» ('they') is the «sanglots» (sobs) of the next line. «soûler» = 'to make drunk, to intoxicate'. So: 'my heart, which they [the sobs] will make drunk' — the inverted order holds the verb back until the sobs arrive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coeur","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of soûleront","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ils","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of soûleront","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"soûleront","lemma":"soûler","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"clause modifying coeur","gloss":"will intoxicate"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s3-l3","source":"Tes chers sanglots retentiront","translation":"your dear sobs will resound","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sanglots","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"chers","lemma":"cher","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies sanglots","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"sanglots","lemma":"sanglot","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of retentiront","gloss":"sobs"},{"surface":"retentiront","lemma":"retentir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will resound"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s3-l4","source":"Comme un tambour qui bat la charge!","translation":"like a drum beating the charge!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bat la charge","title":"battre la charge","body":"«battre la charge» = 'to beat the charge' — the military drumbeat that signals troops to attack. The beloved's sobs, far from softening the poet, drum him onward into the assault."}],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tambour","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tambour","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tambour","lemma":"tambour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"drum"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of bat","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"bat","lemma":"battre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on tambour","gloss":"beats"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of charge","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"charge","lemma":"charge","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of bat","gloss":"charge"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s4-l1","source":"Ne suis-je pas un faux accord","translation":"Am I not a false chord","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ne suis-je pas","title":"Inverted negative question","body":"«Ne suis-je pas…?» is the inverted form of «est-ce que je ne suis pas» — 'Am I not…?'. The verb «suis» and subject «je» swap places (with the «ne» kept, «pas» following) to form a rhetorical question that expects 'yes'. The poet asks us to confirm he is the discord in the music."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suis (negation ne...pas)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"suis","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula, main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"-je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of suis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suis (negation ne...pas)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of faux","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"faux","lemma":"faux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies accord","gloss":"false"},{"surface":"accord","lemma":"accord","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"chord"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s4-l2","source":"Dans la divine symphonie,","translation":"in the divine symphony,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking symphonie","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of symphonie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"divine","lemma":"divin","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies symphonie","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"symphonie","lemma":"symphonie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase, object of Dans","gloss":"symphony"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s4-l3","source":"Grâce à la vorace Ironie","translation":"thanks to voracious Irony","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la vorace Ironie","title":"Irony personified","body":"«vorace» = 'voracious, ravenous'. Capitalized and personified, «Ironie» becomes a devouring power that «secoue» (shakes) and «mord» (bites) the poet. This self-corroding irony — the mind turned against itself — is the engine of the whole poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"Grâce","lemma":"grâce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the compound preposition 'grâce à' (thanks to), marking Ironie","gloss":"thanks"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the compound preposition 'grâce à', marking Ironie","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Ironie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vorace","lemma":"vorace","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Ironie","gloss":"voracious"},{"surface":"Ironie","lemma":"ironie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Irony"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s4-l4","source":"Qui me secoue et qui me mord?","translation":"that shakes me and that bites me?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of secoue","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of secoue","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"secoue","lemma":"secouer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shakes"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of mord","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of mord","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"mord","lemma":"mordre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with secoue","gloss":"bites"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s5-l1","source":"Elle est dans ma voix, la criarde!","translation":"She is in my voice, the shrieking thing!","stanza":5,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la criarde","title":"criard(e) (right-dislocation)","body":"«criard(e)» = 'shrill, screeching, garish'. The trailing «, la criarde!» is a right-dislocation: a noun set off at the end that re-names the earlier «Elle» (Irony) for emphasis — 'she is in my voice, the shrieker!'. The feminine «-arde» ending makes it a contemptuous epithet."}],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to voix","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voix","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voix","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"voix","lemma":"voix","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of criarde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"criarde","lemma":"criarde","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Elle","gloss":"shrieking one"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s5-l2","source":"C'est tout mon sang ce poison noir!","translation":"This black poison is all my blood!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"C'est tout mon sang ce poison noir","title":"«c'est» with a dislocated subject","body":"Read it as «ce poison noir, c'est tout mon sang» — 'this black poison, it is all my blood'. The subject «ce poison noir» is pushed to the end and resumed by «c'est», a common French emphasis pattern. The poison of Irony is not in him; it is his very blood."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"expletive subject of est, resumed by ce poison noir","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to sang","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sang","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sang","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"sang","lemma":"sang","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poison","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"poison","lemma":"poison","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to C', right-dislocated subject","gloss":"poison"},{"surface":"noir","lemma":"noir","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies poison","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s5-l3","source":"Je suis le sinistre miroir","translation":"I am the sinister mirror","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of suis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"suis","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula, main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of miroir","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sinistre","lemma":"sinistre","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies miroir","gloss":"sinister"},{"surface":"miroir","lemma":"miroir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase, predicate of suis","gloss":"mirror"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s5-l4","source":"Où la mégère se regarde.","translation":"where the shrew looks at herself.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se regarde","title":"Reflexive «se regarder»","body":"«se regarder» = 'to look at oneself'; the reflexive «se» turns the gaze back on the subject. «la mégère» ('the shrew, the harridan' — Irony again) sees herself in the poet, who has become the mirror she stares into. He is both viewer and surface."}],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb","role":"relative adverb introducing clause on miroir (previous line)","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mégère","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mégère","lemma":"mégère","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of regarde","gloss":"shrew"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on regarde","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"regarde","lemma":"regarder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looks at"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s6-l1","source":"Je suis la plaie et le couteau!","translation":"I am the wound and the knife!","stanza":6,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of suis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"suis","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula, main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of plaie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plaie","lemma":"plaie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wound"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of couteau","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"couteau","lemma":"couteau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with plaie","gloss":"knife"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s6-l2","source":"Je suis le soufflet et la joue!","translation":"I am the slap and the cheek!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"le soufflet","title":"soufflet (m.)","body":"«soufflet» here means 'a slap, a smack in the face' (not the unrelated 'bellows'). Paired with «la joue» ('the cheek'), it makes the poet both the hand that strikes and the face that is struck."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"subject of suis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"suis","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking Je to soufflet","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of soufflet","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soufflet","lemma":"soufflet","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun of suis","gloss":"slap"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of joue","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"joue","lemma":"joue","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with soufflet","gloss":"cheek"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s6-l3","source":"Je suis les membres et la roue,","translation":"I am the limbs and the wheel,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"subject of suis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"suis","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking Je to membres","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of membres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"membres","lemma":"membre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"predicate noun of suis","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of roue","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"roue","lemma":"roue","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with membres","gloss":"wheel"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s6-l4","source":"Et la victime et le bourreau!","translation":"and the victim and the executioner!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of victime","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"victime","lemma":"victime","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun of suis (previous lines)","gloss":"victim"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bourreau","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bourreau","lemma":"bourreau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with victime","gloss":"executioner"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s7-l1","source":"Je suis de mon coeur le vampire,","translation":"I am the vampire of my own heart,","stanza":7,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"de mon coeur le vampire","title":"Fronted «de» complement","body":"Normal prose order would be «le vampire de mon coeur» ('the vampire of my heart'). Baudelaire fronts the complement «de mon coeur» for meter and emphasis: 'of my heart I am the vampire'. The poet feeds on himself — the self-tormentor's final image."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"subject of suis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"suis","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking Je to vampire","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coeur","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies vampire","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vampire","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vampire","lemma":"vampire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun of suis","gloss":"vampire"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s7-l2","source":"— Un de ces grands abandonnés","translation":"— one of those great forsaken ones","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"un","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase, in apposition to Je","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking abandonnés","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of abandonnés","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"grands","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies abandonnés","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"abandonnés","lemma":"abandonné","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural (past participle used as noun)","role":"object of de, modified by grands","gloss":"forsaken ones"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s7-l3","source":"Au rire éternel condamnés","translation":"condemned to eternal laughter","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Au rire éternel condamnés","title":"condamner à + noun","body":"«condamner à» = 'to condemn to'. The past participle «condamnés» agrees with «abandonnés» (masculine plural). Word order is poetic — prose would run «condamnés au rire éternel» = 'condemned to eternal laughter'. These outcasts can laugh forever but can no longer smile."}],"words":[{"surface":"Au","lemma":"à+le","morphology":"contracted preposition, masculine, singular","role":"preposition marking rire","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"rire","lemma":"rire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Au, depends on condamnés","gloss":"laughter"},{"surface":"éternel","lemma":"éternel","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rire","gloss":"eternal"},{"surface":"condamnés","lemma":"condamner","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying abandonnés (previous line)","gloss":"condemned"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"l-heautontimoroumenos-s7-l4","source":"Et qui ne peuvent plus sourire!","translation":"and who can no longer smile!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ne peuvent plus","title":"«ne … plus» (no longer)","body":"«ne … plus» = 'no longer, not anymore'. «ils ne peuvent plus sourire» = 'they can no longer smile'. The bleak close distinguishes the damned laugh (eternal, mechanical) from the human smile, which the forsaken have lost forever."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of peuvent","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb, negative","role":"modifies peuvent","gloss":"[negation]"},{"surface":"peuvent","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb, negative","role":"modifies peuvent","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"sourire","lemma":"sourire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of peuvent","gloss":"smile"}]}]}