{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"l-invitation-au-voyage","title":{"source":"L'Invitation au voyage","translated":"Invitation to the Voyage"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/l-invitation-au-voyage","lines":42},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-beau-navire","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/l-irreparable","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s1-l1","source":"Mon enfant, ma soeur,","translation":"My child, my sister,","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of enfant","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"enfant","lemma":"enfant","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of soeur","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"soeur","lemma":"soeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with enfant","gloss":"sister"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s1-l2","source":"Songe à la douceur","translation":"dream of the sweetness","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Songe à","title":"songer à + noun","body":"«songer» = 'to dream, to muse', and it governs «à» before its object: «songer à quelque chose» = 'to dream of / think upon something'. The imperative «Songe à la douceur» opens the whole poem as a soft command — 'dream of the sweetness…' — that the rest of the stanza unrolls."}],"words":[{"surface":"Songe","lemma":"songer","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (imperative), addressed to enfant/soeur","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking douceur","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of douceur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"douceur","lemma":"douceur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Songe","gloss":"sweetness"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s1-l3","source":"D'aller là-bas vivre ensemble!","translation":"of going off to live there together!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"là-bas","title":"là-bas","body":"«là-bas» = 'over there, yonder' — a place pointed at from a distance, never named. This unnamed «là-bas» is the imagined country (often read as Holland) toward which the whole poem reaches; it stays a destination of longing rather than a fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"D'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of aller, complement of douceur (previous line)","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"aller","lemma":"aller","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of douceur (previous line), governs vivre","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"first element of là-bas, oblique argument of aller","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"bas","lemma":"bas","morphology":"adverb","role":"second element of là-bas, oblique argument of aller","gloss":"there","note":"\"Là-bas\" (over there) is split into two tokens by the tokenizer."},{"surface":"vivre","lemma":"vivre","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of aller","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"ensemble","lemma":"ensemble","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vivre","gloss":"together"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s1-l4","source":"Aimer à loisir,","translation":"To love at leisure,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"à loisir","title":"à loisir","body":"«à loisir» = 'at leisure, at one's ease, taking all the time one wants'. Paired with the bare infinitive «Aimer», it frames love as unhurried — an act with no clock on it, in keeping with the poem's slow, balanced calm."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aimer","lemma":"aimer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with aller (previous lines), complement of douceur","gloss":"to love"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking loisir","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"loisir","lemma":"loisir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Aimer","gloss":"leisure","note":"Idiom \"à loisir\" = at leisure, without hurry."}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s1-l5","source":"Aimer et mourir","translation":"to love and to die","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aimer","lemma":"aimer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to love"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mourir","lemma":"mourir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with Aimer","gloss":"to die"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s1-l6","source":"Au pays qui te ressemble!","translation":"in the land that resembles you!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"qui te ressemble","title":"ressembler à","body":"«ressembler» takes «à» ('to resemble, to look like'), and the object is the pronoun «te» ('you'). «le pays qui te ressemble» = 'the land that resembles you' — the country and the beloved are folded into one image, each a likeness of the other."}],"words":[{"surface":"Au","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition (à + le)","role":"preposition marking pays","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"pays","lemma":"pays","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of ressemble","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of ressemble","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ressemble","lemma":"ressembler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on pays","gloss":"resembles"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s1-l7","source":"Les soleils mouillés","translation":"The watery suns","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of soleils","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soleils","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"suns"},{"surface":"mouillés","lemma":"mouillé","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies soleils","gloss":"watery"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s1-l8","source":"De ces ciels brouillés","translation":"of those clouded skies","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ciels brouillés","title":"brouillé","body":"«brouillé» = 'blurred, muddled, overcast' (from «brouiller», 'to mix up, to cloud'). «ciels brouillés» are misty, indistinct skies; the diffuse, rain-soaked light is what gives these «soleils mouillés» ('watery suns') their charm for the poet."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciels","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ciels","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"ciels","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"skies"},{"surface":"brouillés","lemma":"brouillé","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ciels","gloss":"clouded"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s1-l9","source":"Pour mon esprit ont les charmes","translation":"hold for my spirit the charms,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esprit","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esprit","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"esprit","lemma":"esprit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of ont","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ont","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hold"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of charmes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"charmes","lemma":"charme","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of ont","gloss":"charms"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s1-l10","source":"Si mystérieux","translation":"so mysterious,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mystérieux","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"mystérieux","lemma":"mystérieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mysterious"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s1-l11","source":"De tes traîtres yeux,","translation":"of your treacherous eyes,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking traîtres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of yeux","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"traîtres","lemma":"traître","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies yeux","gloss":"treacherous"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s1-l12","source":"Brillant à travers leurs larmes.","translation":"shining through their tears.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Brillant","lemma":"briller","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence (describes yeux)","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking larmes (with travers)","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"travers","lemma":"travers","morphology":"noun, masculine","role":"part of the fixed phrase à travers","gloss":"through","note":"à travers is a fixed two-word preposition meaning 'through'."},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of larmes","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"larmes","lemma":"larme","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Brillant (via à travers)","gloss":"tears"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s2-l1","source":"Là, tout n'est qu'ordre et beauté,","translation":"There, all is order and beauty,","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tout n'est qu'","title":"ne … que (restrictive 'only')","body":"«ne … que» is not a negation but the restrictive 'only / nothing but'. «tout n'est qu'ordre et beauté» = 'everything is nothing but order and beauty', i.e. 'there is only order and beauty'. The refrain returns three times, each repeating this serene 'only'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies est","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"pairs with qu' in the ne...que construction","gloss":"only","note":"ne...que is a discontinuous construction meaning 'only'."},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking tout to ordre et beauté","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"pairs with n' in the ne...que construction","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ordre","lemma":"ordre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominal after est","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"beauté","lemma":"beauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with ordre","gloss":"beauty"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s2-l2","source":"Luxe, calme et volupté.","translation":"luxury, calm, and voluptuous pleasure.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"volupté","title":"volupté (f.)","body":"«volupté» = 'sensual delight, voluptuous pleasure' — a richer, more bodily word than English 'pleasure'. Set beside «calme» and «luxe», it names the sensuous ease that is the poem's whole promise; Matisse later borrowed «Luxe, calme et volupté» as a painting title."}],"words":[{"surface":"Luxe","lemma":"luxe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"luxury"},{"surface":"calme","lemma":"calme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Luxe","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"volupté","lemma":"volupté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Luxe","gloss":"voluptuous pleasure"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s3-l1","source":"Des meubles luisants,","translation":"Gleaming furniture,","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of meubles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"meubles","lemma":"meuble","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"furniture"},{"surface":"luisants","lemma":"luisant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies meubles","gloss":"gleaming"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s3-l2","source":"Polis par les ans,","translation":"polished by the years,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Polis par les ans","title":"Past participle + «par» (passive)","body":"«Polis» is the past participle of «polir» ('to polish'), agreeing in the masculine plural with «meubles». «par les ans» names the agent: 'polished by the years'. It is a reduced passive — 'furniture (that has been) polished by the years' — giving the room its worn, time-burnished glow."}],"words":[{"surface":"Polis","lemma":"poli","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies meubles (previous line)","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ans","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ans","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ans","lemma":"an","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"agent of Polis","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s3-l3","source":"Décoreraient notre chambre;","translation":"would adorn our room;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Décoreraient","title":"Conditional mood","body":"«Décoreraient» is the conditional of «décorer» ('to decorate, adorn'): 'would adorn'. From here the stanza stays in the conditional — «parlerait», 'would speak' — because the whole room is imagined, not real: this is the furnishing of a daydream."}],"words":[{"surface":"Décoreraient","lemma":"décorer","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would adorn"},{"surface":"notre","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of chambre","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"chambre","lemma":"chambre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Décoreraient","gloss":"room"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s3-l4","source":"Les plus rares fleurs","translation":"the rarest flowers","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fleurs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rares","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"rares","lemma":"rare","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies fleurs","gloss":"rare"},{"surface":"fleurs","lemma":"fleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"flowers"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s3-l5","source":"Mêlant leurs odeurs","translation":"mingling their scents","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mêlant","lemma":"mêler","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mingling"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of odeurs","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"odeurs","lemma":"odeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Mêlant","gloss":"scents"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s3-l6","source":"Aux vagues senteurs de l'ambre,","translation":"with the faint perfumes of amber,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition (à + les)","role":"preposition marking senteurs","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"vagues","lemma":"vague","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies senteurs","gloss":"faint"},{"surface":"senteurs","lemma":"senteur","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"perfumes"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ambre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ambre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ambre","lemma":"ambre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies senteurs","gloss":"amber"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s3-l7","source":"Les riches plafonds,","translation":"the rich ceilings,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of plafonds","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"riches","lemma":"riche","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies plafonds","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"plafonds","lemma":"plafond","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ceilings"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s3-l8","source":"Les miroirs profonds,","translation":"the deep mirrors,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of miroirs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"miroirs","lemma":"miroir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mirrors"},{"surface":"profonds","lemma":"profond","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies miroirs","gloss":"deep"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s3-l9","source":"La splendeur orientale,","translation":"the oriental splendor,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of splendeur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"splendeur","lemma":"splendeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"splendor"},{"surface":"orientale","lemma":"oriental","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies splendeur","gloss":"oriental"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s3-l10","source":"Tout y parlerait","translation":"everything there would speak","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tout y parlerait","title":"The pronoun «y»","body":"«y» = 'there, in that place', standing in for «dans notre chambre». «Tout y parlerait» = 'everything there would speak'. The objects of the room are imagined as quietly addressing the soul in its own «douce langue natale» — its sweet native tongue."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of parlerait","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial complement of parlerait","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"parlerait","lemma":"parler","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would speak"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s3-l11","source":"À l'âme en secret","translation":"to the soul in secret","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"À","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking âme","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of âme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"âme","lemma":"âme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"forms the adverbial phrase en secret, modifying parlerait","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"secret","lemma":"secret","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the phrase en secret","gloss":"secret"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s3-l12","source":"Sa douce langue natale.","translation":"its sweet native tongue.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of langue","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"douce","lemma":"doux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies langue","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"langue","lemma":"langue","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of parlerait","gloss":"tongue"},{"surface":"natale","lemma":"natal","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies langue","gloss":"native"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s4-l1","source":"Là, tout n'est qu'ordre et beauté,","translation":"There, all is order and beauty,","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies est","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"pairs with qu' in the ne...que construction","gloss":"only","note":"ne...que is a discontinuous construction meaning 'only'."},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking tout to ordre et beauté","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"pairs with n' in the ne...que construction","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ordre","lemma":"ordre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominal after est","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"beauté","lemma":"beauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with ordre","gloss":"beauty"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s4-l2","source":"Luxe, calme et volupté.","translation":"luxury, calm, and voluptuous pleasure.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luxe","lemma":"luxe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"luxury"},{"surface":"calme","lemma":"calme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Luxe","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"volupté","lemma":"volupté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Luxe","gloss":"voluptuous pleasure"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s5-l1","source":"Vois sur ces canaux","translation":"See, upon these canals,","stanza":5,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vois","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking canaux","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of canaux","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"canaux","lemma":"canal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Vois","gloss":"canals"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s5-l2","source":"Dormir ces vaisseaux","translation":"those vessels sleeping,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Vois … Dormir ces vaisseaux","title":"Verb of perception + infinitive","body":"After a verb of perception like «voir» ('to see'), French uses a bare infinitive where English often uses '-ing'. «Vois … dormir ces vaisseaux» = 'See those vessels sleeping' (literally 'see those vessels sleep'). The infinitive «Dormir» is held back to the line's start, suspending the ships in their drowsing stillness."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dormir","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Vois (vois...dormir)","gloss":"sleeping"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vaisseaux","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"vaisseaux","lemma":"vaisseau","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of Dormir","gloss":"vessels"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s5-l3","source":"Dont l'humeur est vagabonde;","translation":"whose temper is given to wandering;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dont l'humeur","title":"The relative «dont»","body":"«dont» means 'whose / of which' — a relative that carries the sense of «de». «les vaisseaux dont l'humeur est vagabonde» = 'the vessels whose temper is roving'. «humeur» here is 'disposition, mood', and «vagabonde» ('vagabond, roving') gives the ships a restless, wandering character."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces relative clause modifying vaisseaux","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of humeur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"humeur","lemma":"humeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"temper"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking humeur to vagabonde","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"vagabonde","lemma":"vagabond","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wandering"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s5-l4","source":"C'est pour assouvir","translation":"It is to satisfy","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"assouvir","title":"assouvir","body":"«assouvir» = 'to sate, to gratify, to slake' a hunger or desire — stronger than plain 'satisfy'. «pour assouvir ton moindre désir» = 'to slake your least desire': the ships have come from the ends of the earth to feed even the smallest of the beloved's wishes."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (with C')","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the purpose infinitive assouvir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"assouvir","lemma":"assouvir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose infinitive complement introduced by pour","gloss":"satisfy"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s5-l5","source":"Ton moindre désir","translation":"your least desire,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of désir","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"moindre","lemma":"moindre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies désir","gloss":"least"},{"surface":"désir","lemma":"désir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of assouvir","gloss":"desire"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s5-l6","source":"Qu'ils viennent du bout du monde.","translation":"that they come from the ends of the earth.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the subjunctive clause of viennent","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ils","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of viennent","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"viennent","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bout","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"bout","lemma":"bout","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of viennent","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking monde","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bout","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s5-l7","source":"— Les soleils couchants","translation":"— The setting suns","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of soleils","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soleils","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"suns"},{"surface":"couchants","lemma":"coucher","morphology":"verb, present, participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies soleils","gloss":"setting"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s5-l8","source":"Revêtent les champs,","translation":"clothe the fields,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Revêtent","title":"revêtir","body":"«revêtir» = 'to clothe, to dress, to robe (in)'; the present tense «revêtent» = 'they clothe'. The setting suns 'clothe' the fields, canals, and whole town «D'hyacinthe et d'or» — in hyacinth and gold — dressing the landscape as if in rich fabric."}],"words":[{"surface":"Revêtent","lemma":"revêtir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"clothe"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of champs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"champs","lemma":"champ","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Revêtent","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s5-l9","source":"Les canaux, la ville entière,","translation":"the canals, the whole town,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of canaux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"canaux","lemma":"canal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated object of Revêtent (with champs)","gloss":"canals"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ville","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ville","lemma":"ville","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with canaux","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"entière","lemma":"entier","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ville","gloss":"whole"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s5-l10","source":"D'hyacinthe et d'or;","translation":"in hyacinth and gold;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"D'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hyacinthe","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"hyacinthe","lemma":"hyacinthe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hyacinth"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking or","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"or","lemma":"or","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with hyacinthe","gloss":"gold"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s5-l11","source":"Le monde s'endort","translation":"the world falls asleep","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"s'endort","title":"s'endormir (pronominal)","body":"«s'endormir» is the pronominal verb 'to fall asleep' (the reflexive «se» marks the change of state); «endormir» alone means 'to put to sleep'. «Le monde s'endort» = 'the world falls asleep', drifting off on its own «Dans une chaude lumière» — in a warm light."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of endort","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on endort","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"endort","lemma":"endormir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"falls asleep"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s5-l12","source":"Dans une chaude lumière.","translation":"in a warm light.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lumière","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lumière","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"chaude","lemma":"chaud","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lumière","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"lumière","lemma":"lumière","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"light"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s6-l1","source":"Là, tout n'est qu'ordre et beauté,","translation":"There, all is order and beauty,","stanza":6,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies est","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"pairs with qu' in the ne...que construction","gloss":"only","note":"ne...que is a discontinuous construction meaning 'only'."},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking tout to ordre et beauté","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"pairs with n' in the ne...que construction","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ordre","lemma":"ordre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominal after est","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"beauté","lemma":"beauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with ordre","gloss":"beauty"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"l-invitation-au-voyage-s6-l2","source":"Luxe, calme et volupté.","translation":"luxury, calm, and voluptuous pleasure.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Luxe","lemma":"luxe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"luxury"},{"surface":"calme","lemma":"calme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Luxe","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"volupté","lemma":"volupté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Luxe","gloss":"voluptuous pleasure"}]}]}