{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"la-mort-des-pauvres","title":{"source":"La Mort des pauvres","translated":"The Death of the Poor"},"section":"Death","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/la-mort-des-pauvres","lines":14},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/la-mort-des-amants","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/la-mort-des-artistes","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s1-l1","source":"C'est la Mort qui console, hélas! et qui fait vivre;","translation":"It is Death that consoles, alas! and that makes us live;","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"C'est la Mort qui console","title":"«c'est … qui» — the cleft of emphasis","body":"«c'est … qui» is a cleft construction that throws the spotlight onto the subject: 'it is Death that consoles', not anything else. The poem will hammer «C'est…» at the head of nearly every stanza, each time naming what Death is. «la Mort» is capitalized because she is personified — a figure, almost an allegory, rather than an event."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Mort","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Mort","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mort","lemma":"mort","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate noun after est","gloss":"Death"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of console","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"console","lemma":"consoler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause verb, modifies Mort","gloss":"consoles"},{"surface":"hélas","lemma":"hélas","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection, parenthetical","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of fait","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fait","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause verb, modifies Mort, takes vivre as complement","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"vivre","lemma":"vivre","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement infinitive of fait","gloss":"live"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s1-l2","source":"C'est le but de la vie, et c'est le seul espoir","translation":"It is the goal of life, and it is the only hope","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to but","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of but","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"but","lemma":"but","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun after est","gloss":"goal"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vie","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vie","lemma":"vie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies but","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"c'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to espoir","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espoir","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"seul","lemma":"seul","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies espoir","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"espoir","lemma":"espoir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun after est","gloss":"hope"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s1-l3","source":"Qui, comme un élixir, nous monte et nous enivre,","translation":"which, like an elixir, mounts in us and intoxicates us,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"nous monte et nous enivre","title":"«enivrer» — to intoxicate","body":"«enivrer» = 'to make drunk, to intoxicate, to exhilarate' (built on «ivre», 'drunk'). Here «nous monte» ('rises in us, goes to our head') and «nous enivre» work as a pair: hope acts on us like a draught of «élixir» ('elixir' — a magical, life-giving cordial), heady and warming. The «nous» before each verb marks us as the ones it works upon."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of monte","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking élixir","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of élixir","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"élixir","lemma":"élixir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"elixir"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"object of monte","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"monte","lemma":"monter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"mounts"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"object of enivre","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"enivre","lemma":"enivrer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with monte","gloss":"intoxicates"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s1-l4","source":"Et nous donne le coeur de marcher jusqu'au soir;","translation":"and gives us the heart to walk on until evening;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le coeur de marcher","title":"«donner le coeur de» + infinitive","body":"«donner le coeur de (faire)» = 'to give the heart, the courage, the spirit to (do)'. «le coeur» here is figurative — not the organ but nerve, the will to keep going. «jusqu'au soir» ('until evening') reads on two levels at once: until nightfall, and until the close of life — the day's end standing for life's end."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of donne","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"donne","lemma":"donner","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gives"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of donne","gloss":"heart","note":"\"le coeur de\" is idiomatic for having the heart/courage to do something."},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive marcher","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"marcher","lemma":"marcher","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of coeur","gloss":"walk"},{"surface":"jusqu'","lemma":"jusque","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces jusqu'au soir","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"contraction of à + le","role":"preposition marking soir","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soir","lemma":"soir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on jusqu'au","gloss":"evening"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s2-l1","source":"À travers la tempête, et la neige, et le givre,","translation":"Across the tempest, and the snow, and the frost,","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"le givre","title":"«le givre» — hoarfrost","body":"«le givre» is hoarfrost — the white, feathery ice that forms on cold surfaces, not the same as «le gel» (the freeze) or «la glace» (ice). The repeated «et … et … et» piles up the hardships of the journey — «la tempête» (storm), «la neige» (snow), «le givre» — the bitter weather of a poor life through which hope alone gives strength to walk."}],"words":[{"surface":"À","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase à travers","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"travers","lemma":"travers","morphology":"noun, masculine","role":"part of the phrase à travers","gloss":"through","note":"\"à travers\" is a fixed phrase meaning \"across/through.\""},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tempête","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tempête","lemma":"tempête","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tempest"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of neige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"neige","lemma":"neige","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with tempête","gloss":"snow"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of givre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"givre","lemma":"givre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with tempête","gloss":"frost"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s2-l2","source":"C'est la clarté vibrante à notre horizon noir","translation":"it is the throbbing brightness on our black horizon,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la clarté vibrante","title":"«la clarté» — radiance, light","body":"«la clarté» is brightness, radiance, the quality of being light or luminous (from «clair», 'clear, bright'). «vibrante» ('vibrant, throbbing, quivering') makes the light seem alive, trembling against «notre horizon noir» ('our black horizon'). Death is the one glow at the far edge of a darkened life — the lamp that promises the journey will end."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of clarté","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to clarté","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of clarté","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"clarté","lemma":"clarté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"brightness"},{"surface":"vibrante","lemma":"vibrant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies clarté","gloss":"throbbing"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horizon","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"notre","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of horizon","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"horizon","lemma":"horizon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on clarté","gloss":"horizon"},{"surface":"noir","lemma":"noir","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies horizon","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s2-l3","source":"C'est l'auberge fameuse inscrite sur le livre,","translation":"it is the famous inn written down in the book,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of auberge","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to auberge","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of auberge","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"auberge","lemma":"auberge","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"inn"},{"surface":"fameuse","lemma":"fameux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies auberge","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"inscrite","lemma":"inscrit","morphology":"adjective (past participle), feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying auberge","gloss":"written down"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking livre","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of livre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"livre","lemma":"livre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on inscrite","gloss":"book"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s2-l4","source":"Où l'on pourra manger, et dormir, et s'asseoir;","translation":"where one will be able to eat, and sleep, and sit down;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Où l'on pourra … s'asseoir","title":"«l'on», the future «pourra», and reflexive «s'asseoir»","body":"«l'on» is simply «on» ('one, people') with a euphonic «l'» added after «où» for smoothness — no change of meaning. «pourra» is the future of «pouvoir» ('to be able'): at the inn one 'will be able to' rest. «s'asseoir» is reflexive, 'to sit oneself down' — the plainest of comforts, eating, sleeping, sitting, which a poor life so often denies."}],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pourra","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"on","morphology":"euphonic particle","role":"euphonic, attaches to on","gloss":"one","note":"Euphonic \"l'\" inserted before \"on\" after \"où\" for sound; it carries no separate meaning."},{"surface":"on","lemma":"on","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of pourra","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"pourra","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be able"},{"surface":"manger","lemma":"manger","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pourra","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dormir","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with manger","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on asseoir","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"asseoir","lemma":"asseoir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with manger","gloss":"sit down"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s3-l1","source":"C'est un Ange qui tient dans ses doigts magnétiques","translation":"It is an Angel who holds in his magnetic fingers","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ses doigts magnétiques","title":"«magnétique» — mesmeric, magnetic","body":"«magnétique» means 'magnetic', but in Baudelaire's day it also carried the sense of 'animal magnetism' — the mesmerist's power to induce sleep and trance with a touch. The Angel's «doigts magnétiques» ('magnetic fingers') draw the sleeper down as a mesmerist would, which is why the next line gives him «le sommeil» and «le don des rêves extatiques»."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of Ange","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Ange","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Ange","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Ange","lemma":"ange","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Angel"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of tient","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"tient","lemma":"tenir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Ange","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking doigts","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of doigts","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"doigts","lemma":"doigt","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of tient","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"magnétiques","lemma":"magnétique","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies doigts","gloss":"magnetic"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s3-l2","source":"Le sommeil et le don des rêves extatiques,","translation":"sleep and the gift of ecstatic dreams,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sommeil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sommeil","lemma":"sommeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tient (s3-l1)","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of don","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"don","lemma":"don","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with sommeil","gloss":"gift"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rêves","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"rêves","lemma":"rêve","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies don","gloss":"dreams"},{"surface":"extatiques","lemma":"extatique","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies rêves","gloss":"ecstatic"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s3-l3","source":"Et qui refait le lit des gens pauvres et nus;","translation":"and who remakes the bed of the poor and naked;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"qui refait le lit","title":"«refaire le lit» — to make the bed again","body":"«refaire le lit» is the everyday phrase 'to make the bed, to make it up again' (the prefix «re-» on «faire», 'to do, make'). The Angel performs the humblest household tenderness for «les gens pauvres et nus» ('poor and naked people') — those who in life had no one to tend them. Death is imagined as the servant who, at last, smooths their sheets."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of refait","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"refait","lemma":"refaire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remakes"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lit","lemma":"lit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of refait","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gens","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"gens","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies lit","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"pauvres","lemma":"pauvre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies gens","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s4-l1","source":"C'est la gloire des Dieux, c'est le grenier mystique,","translation":"It is the glory of the Gods, it is the mystic granary,","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"le grenier mystique","title":"«le grenier» — granary, garret","body":"«le grenier» means both 'granary, storehouse' and 'garret, attic'. The pun is pointed: for the poor, the «grenier» is the bare attic where they live, but here it becomes a «grenier mystique» — a mystic storehouse, full at last. Death turns the empty garret of the destitute into a granary heaped with the plenty they never knew in life."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of gloire","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to gloire","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gloire","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gloire","lemma":"gloire","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dieux","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Dieux","lemma":"dieu","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies gloire","gloss":"Gods"},{"surface":"c'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of grenier","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to grenier","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of grenier","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grenier","lemma":"grenier","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with gloire","gloss":"granary"},{"surface":"mystique","lemma":"mystique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies grenier","gloss":"mystic"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s4-l2","source":"C'est la bourse du pauvre et sa patrie antique,","translation":"it is the poor man's purse and his ancient homeland,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la bourse du pauvre et sa patrie antique","title":"«la bourse» and «la patrie antique»","body":"«la bourse» is a purse, the small bag for one's money — so Death is the only wealth the «pauvre» ('poor man') ever owns. «sa patrie antique» ('his ancient homeland, his age-old native country') frames death as a return: not exile but the old home the soul comes back to. Two figures for the same gift — riches and belonging — that life withheld."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of bourse","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bourse","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bourse","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bourse","lemma":"bourse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"purse"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pauvre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"pauvre","lemma":"pauvre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bourse","gloss":"poor man"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of patrie","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"patrie","lemma":"patrie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with bourse","gloss":"homeland"},{"surface":"antique","lemma":"antique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies patrie","gloss":"ancient"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"la-mort-des-pauvres-s4-l3","source":"C'est le portique ouvert sur les Cieux inconnus!","translation":"it is the portico thrown open onto the unknown Heavens!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"le portique ouvert sur les Cieux inconnus","title":"«le portique» and «les Cieux»","body":"«le portique» is a portico or colonnade — a grand pillared porch, here the threshold of the beyond. «les Cieux» is the plural, elevated form for 'the Heavens' (loftier than the everyday «le ciel», 'sky/heaven'). «inconnus» ('unknown') keeps the destination a mystery: the sonnet ends not on certainty but on an open doorway onto a heaven no one has seen."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of portique","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to portique","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of portique","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"portique","lemma":"portique","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"portico"},{"surface":"ouvert","lemma":"ouvert","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying portique","gloss":"thrown open"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Cieux","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Cieux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Cieux","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies portique","gloss":"Heavens"},{"surface":"inconnus","lemma":"inconnu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Cieux","gloss":"unknown"}]}]}