{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"la-musique","title":{"source":"La Musique","translated":"Music"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/la-musique","lines":14},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/la-pipe","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/sepulture","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"la-musique-s1-l1","source":"La musique souvent me prend comme une mer!","translation":"Music often takes hold of me like a sea!","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"me prend comme une mer","title":"«prendre» + direct-object pronoun = to seize, overtake","body":"Here «prendre» does not mean 'to take (and hold)' but 'to seize, to come over, to overtake' — the way an emotion or a swoon grips you: «la musique me prend» = 'music takes hold of me, sweeps me away'. «me» is the direct object. The simile «comme une mer» ('like a sea') is launched at once, so that the seizure of music and the surge of the sea are one and the same motion, and the whole sonnet will read as a single voyage."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of musique","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"musique","lemma":"musique","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of prend","gloss":"Music"},{"surface":"souvent","lemma":"souvent","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies prend","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"direct object of prend","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"prend","lemma":"prendre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"takes hold of"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mer","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mer","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of prend","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"la-musique-s1-l2","source":"Vers ma pâle étoile,","translation":"Toward my pale star,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vers","lemma":"vers","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking étoile","gloss":"Toward"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of étoile","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"pâle","lemma":"pâle","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies étoile","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"étoile","lemma":"étoile","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of Vers, oblique argument of mets (l4)","gloss":"star"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"la-musique-s1-l3","source":"Sous un plafond de brume ou dans un vaste éther,","translation":"Under a ceiling of mist or in a vast ether,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sous","lemma":"sous","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plafond","gloss":"Under"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of plafond","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"plafond","lemma":"plafond","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Sous","gloss":"ceiling"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking brume","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"brume","lemma":"brume","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies plafond","gloss":"mist"},{"surface":"ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking éther","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of éther","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vaste","lemma":"vaste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies éther","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"éther","lemma":"éther","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with plafond","gloss":"ether"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"la-musique-s1-l4","source":"Je mets à la voile;","translation":"I set sail;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mettre à la voile","title":"«mettre à la voile» — to set sail","body":"«mettre à la voile» is the fixed nautical idiom 'to set sail, to put out to sea' — «la voile» here is the sail. The short hexasyllable «Je mets à la voile» completes the first long alexandrine, and the very act of casting off lets the poem leave the land of statement for the open water of metaphor. Watch the word «voile»: it returns in line 8 («me voile») as a verb, 'veils', a deliberate echo."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"subject of mets","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"mets","lemma":"mettre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voile","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voile","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"voile","lemma":"voile","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of mets, idiom mettre à la voile","gloss":"sail"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"la-musique-s2-l1","source":"La poitrine en avant et les poumons gonflés","translation":"My chest thrown forward and my lungs swelled out","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of poitrine","gloss":"My"},{"surface":"poitrine","lemma":"poitrine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of an absolute construction with en avant","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase en avant (thrust forward), modifies poitrine","gloss":"(thrust)"},{"surface":"avant","lemma":"avant","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase en avant, modifies poitrine","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of poumons","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"poumons","lemma":"poumon","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with poitrine","gloss":"lungs"},{"surface":"gonflés","lemma":"gonfler","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying poumons","gloss":"swelled out"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"la-musique-s2-l2","source":"Comme de la toile","translation":"Like sailcloth,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"de la toile","title":"«toile» — cloth, here sailcloth / canvas","body":"«toile» is woven cloth, canvas; on a ship it is the sailcloth itself. The lungs «gonflés / Comme de la toile» ('swelled like canvas') turn the speaker's body into the rigging of the vessel — his breathing is the wind filling the sails. «de la» is the partitive ('some canvas, canvas-stuff'), keeping the comparison to a material rather than a single named sail."}],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking toile","gloss":"Like"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of partitive determiner de la, marking toile","gloss":"(some)"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of toile, part of partitive de la","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"toile","lemma":"toile","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of Comme","gloss":"sailcloth"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"la-musique-s2-l3","source":"J'escalade le dos des flots amoncelés","translation":"I scale the back of the heaped-up waves","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"flots amoncelés","title":"«amonceler» — to heap up, pile up","body":"«amonceler» means 'to heap, to pile up'; «les flots amoncelés» are the waves massed into ridges, the swell piled into hills the speaker climbs. «le dos des flots» ('the back of the waves') keeps the sea animal, a great beast whose spine he scales. The past participle «amoncelés» agrees in the masculine plural with «flots»."}],"words":[{"surface":"J'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"subject of escalade","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"escalade","lemma":"escalader","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"scale"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dos","lemma":"dos","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of escalade","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flots","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"flots","lemma":"flot","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies dos","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"amoncelés","lemma":"amonceler","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying flots","gloss":"heaped-up"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"la-musique-s2-l4","source":"Que la nuit me voile;","translation":"That the night veils from me;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Que la nuit me voile","title":"«voiler» as a verb + the «me» of disadvantage","body":"«voile» here is the present of «voiler», 'to veil, to hide from view' — not the noun 'sail' of line 4, though Baudelaire means us to hear both. «Que» is the relative object: 'the heaped-up waves that the night veils from me'. The pronoun «me» is a dative of disadvantage — the night hides them on me, to my cost — heightening the danger of a climb made blind."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of voile, refers to dos des flots (l3)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuit","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of voile","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"indirect object of voile (from me)","gloss":"from me"},{"surface":"voile","lemma":"voiler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"veils"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"la-musique-s3-l1","source":"Je sens vibrer en moi toutes les passions","translation":"I feel vibrate within me all the passions","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Je sens vibrer en moi","title":"Verb of perception + bare infinitive","body":"After verbs of perception such as «sentir» ('to feel'), French uses a bare infinitive where English would often use a present participle: «je sens vibrer ... toutes les passions» = 'I feel all the passions vibrate / vibrating within me'. The logical subject of «vibrer» («toutes les passions») is held back to the line's end, so the feeling is registered before its cause is named — the body trembling first, the reason after."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"subject of sens","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sens","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"vibrer","lemma":"vibrer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of sens","gloss":"vibrate"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking moi","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"moi","lemma":"moi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"oblique argument of vibrer","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"toutes","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies passions","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of passions","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"passions","lemma":"passion","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of vibrer","gloss":"passions"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"la-musique-s3-l2","source":"D'un vaisseau qui souffre;","translation":"Of a vessel in distress;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un vaisseau qui souffre","title":"«vaisseau» — ship; «souffrir» of a straining hull","body":"«vaisseau» is an old, elevated word for a ship (it also means 'vessel' in the bodily sense, which colours the line). «un vaisseau qui souffre» — 'a ship that suffers' — uses «souffrir» of a hull labouring and groaning in heavy seas, so that the passions «de» the ship ('belonging to', 'of') are at once the timbers' strain and the speaker's own. The identification of self and ship is now complete."}],"words":[{"surface":"D'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vaisseau","gloss":"Of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vaisseau","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vaisseau","lemma":"vaisseau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies passions (l1)","gloss":"vessel"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of souffre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"souffre","lemma":"souffrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on vaisseau","gloss":"distress"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"la-musique-s3-l3","source":"Le bon vent, la tempête et ses convulsions","translation":"The fair wind, the tempest and its convulsions","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vent","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"bon","lemma":"bon","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vent","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"vent","lemma":"vent","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition, listed among the passions felt (l1)","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tempête","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tempête","lemma":"tempête","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with vent","gloss":"tempest"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of convulsions","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"convulsions","lemma":"convulsion","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with tempête","gloss":"convulsions"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"la-musique-s4-l1","source":"Sur l'immense gouffre","translation":"Upon the immense gulf","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gouffre","gloss":"Upon"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of gouffre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"immense","lemma":"immense","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies gouffre","gloss":"immense"},{"surface":"gouffre","lemma":"gouffre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Sur","gloss":"gulf"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"la-musique-s4-l2","source":"Me bercent. D'autres fois, calme plat, grand miroir","translation":"Cradle me. Other times, dead calm, great mirror","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Me bercent","title":"Delayed plural verb across the enjambment","body":"«Me bercent» ('cradle me, rock me') is the main verb that the previous tercet has been waiting for: its plural subject is «Le bon vent, la tempête et ses convulsions» of two lines above, reaching across the stanza break and over «Sur l'immense gouffre». «bercer» is 'to rock, to lull (as a cradle)'. Place it after this long suspension and even the tempest becomes a cradle — until the sentence breaks off mid-line at the full stop and the poem swerves into stillness."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"calme plat","title":"«calme plat» — dead calm","body":"«calme plat» is the sailor's term for a 'dead calm', a flat, windless sea where the ship cannot move — the opposite of the storm just described. Set against «grand miroir» ('great mirror'), the becalmed water turns into a glass that gives the speaker back his own «désespoir». The turn from tempest to flat calm is the sonnet's true volta: motion was bearable, but the mirror of stillness is despair."}],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"direct object of bercent","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"bercent","lemma":"bercer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cradle"},{"surface":"D'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase d'autres fois (other times)","gloss":"(at)"},{"surface":"autres","lemma":"autre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies fois","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"fois","lemma":"fois","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"temporal adverbial phrase","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"calme","lemma":"calme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition, describing the sea's state","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"plat","lemma":"plat","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies calme","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"grand","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies miroir","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"miroir","lemma":"miroir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition with calme","gloss":"mirror"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"la-musique-s4-l3","source":"De mon désespoir!","translation":"Of my despair!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking désespoir","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of désespoir","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"désespoir","lemma":"désespoir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies miroir (l2)","gloss":"despair"}]}]}