{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"le-balcon","title":{"source":"Le Balcon","translated":"The Balcony"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-balcon","lines":30},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/duellum","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-possede","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"le-balcon-s1-l1","source":"Mère des souvenirs, maîtresse des maîtresses,","translation":"Mother of memories, mistress of mistresses,","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"maîtresse des maîtresses","title":"Superlative by genitive","body":"«maîtresse des maîtresses» — 'mistress of mistresses' — is a Hebraic-style superlative (like 'king of kings'): she is the supreme one of her kind. «maîtresse» also carries its two senses at once, 'mistress / lover' and 'one who holds mastery', so the line crowns her both as origin of all his memories and as sovereign over all his loves."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mère","lemma":"mère","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking souvenirs","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"souvenirs","lemma":"souvenir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Mère","gloss":"memories"},{"surface":"maîtresse","lemma":"maîtresse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Mère","gloss":"mistress"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking maîtresses","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"maîtresses","lemma":"maîtresse","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies maîtresse","gloss":"mistresses"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"le-balcon-s1-l2","source":"Ô toi, tous mes plaisirs! ô toi, tous mes devoirs!","translation":"O you, all my pleasures! O you, all my duties!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection introducing toi","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"toi","lemma":"toi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase (vocative)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tous","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies plaisirs","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"mes","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of plaisirs","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"plaisirs","lemma":"plaisir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to toi","gloss":"pleasures"},{"surface":"ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"interjection introducing second toi","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"toi","lemma":"toi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase (vocative)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"tous","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies devoirs","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"mes","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of devoirs","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"devoirs","lemma":"devoir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to toi","gloss":"duties"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"le-balcon-s1-l3","source":"Tu te rappelleras la beauté des caresses,","translation":"You will recall the beauty of our caresses,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tu te rappelleras","title":"Pronominal «se rappeler» + future","body":"«se rappeler» = 'to remember, to call back to mind'; the reflexive «te» is obligatory and takes a direct object (here «la beauté des caresses»). The future tense «rappelleras» opens the poem's central act: the lover commanded to remember. Note that «se rappeler» takes a direct object, whereas its near-synonym «se souvenir» takes «de»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular, second-person","role":"subject of rappelleras","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular, reflexive","role":"indirect object of rappelleras","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"rappelleras","lemma":"rappeler","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will recall"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of beauté","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"beauté","lemma":"beauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of rappelleras","gloss":"beauty"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caresses","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"caresses","lemma":"caresse","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies beauté","gloss":"caresses"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"le-balcon-s1-l4","source":"La douceur du foyer et le charme des soirs,","translation":"the sweetness of the hearth and the charm of evenings,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of douceur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"douceur","lemma":"douceur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of rappelleras, coordinated with beauté (previous line)","gloss":"sweetness"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking foyer","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"foyer","lemma":"foyer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies douceur","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of charme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"charme","lemma":"charme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with douceur","gloss":"charm"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soirs","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"soirs","lemma":"soir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies charme","gloss":"evenings"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"le-balcon-s1-l5","source":"Mère des souvenirs, maîtresse des maîtresses!","translation":"Mother of memories, mistress of mistresses!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mère","lemma":"mère","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, in apposition to Tu","gloss":"Mother"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking souvenirs","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"souvenirs","lemma":"souvenir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Mère","gloss":"memories"},{"surface":"maîtresse","lemma":"maîtresse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Mère","gloss":"mistress"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking maîtresses","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"maîtresses","lemma":"maîtresse","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies maîtresse","gloss":"mistresses"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"le-balcon-s2-l1","source":"Les soirs illuminés par l'ardeur du charbon,","translation":"The evenings lit by the glow of the coals,","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"l'ardeur du charbon","title":"ardeur (f.)","body":"«ardeur» means both literal 'heat, blaze' and figurative 'ardour, passion'. «l'ardeur du charbon» is the burning of the coal fire, but the double sense lets the warmth of the hearth stand in for the warmth of their love."}],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of soirs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soirs","lemma":"soir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"temporal adjunct of avons dit (line 4)","gloss":"evenings"},{"surface":"illuminés","lemma":"illuminer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying soirs","gloss":"lit"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ardeur","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ardeur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ardeur","lemma":"ardeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"agent of illuminés","gloss":"glow"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking charbon","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"charbon","lemma":"charbon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ardeur","gloss":"coal"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"le-balcon-s2-l2","source":"Et les soirs au balcon, voilés de vapeurs roses.","translation":"and the evenings on the balcony, veiled in rose-coloured mists.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of soirs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soirs","lemma":"soir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"temporal adjunct of avons dit, coordinated with soirs (previous line)","gloss":"evenings"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking balcon","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"balcon","lemma":"balcon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies soirs","gloss":"balcony"},{"surface":"voilés","lemma":"voiler","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying soirs","gloss":"veiled"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vapeurs","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vapeurs","lemma":"vapeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"complement of voilés","gloss":"mists"},{"surface":"roses","lemma":"rose","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies vapeurs","gloss":"rose-coloured"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"le-balcon-s2-l3","source":"Que ton sein m'était doux! que ton coeur m'était bon!","translation":"How sweet your breast was to me! how kind your heart!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Que ton sein m'était doux","title":"Exclamative «que» = 'how'","body":"«Que» at the head of a clause is exclamative, equivalent to 'how…!': «Que ton sein m'était doux!» = 'How sweet your breast was to me!'. The dative «m'» («me») marks the person for whom it was sweet. The whole poem leans on this construction — «Que les soleils sont beaux», «Que l'espace est profond» — turning memory into a series of cries of wonder."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"adverb, exclamative","role":"introduces the exclamation with doux","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sein","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of doux","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"m'","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular, first-person","role":"indirect object of était (to me)","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"était","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to doux","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"doux","lemma":"doux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"adverb, exclamative","role":"introduces the exclamation with bon","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of bon","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"m'","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular, first-person","role":"indirect object of était (to me)","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"était","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bon","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bon","lemma":"bon","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"kind"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"le-balcon-s2-l4","source":"Nous avons dit souvent d'impérissables choses","translation":"We often said imperishable things","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of dit","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"avons","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"depends on dit","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"souvent","lemma":"souvent","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dit","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"indefinite article, plural","role":"determiner of choses","gloss":"(some)"},{"surface":"impérissables","lemma":"impérissable","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies choses","gloss":"imperishable"},{"surface":"choses","lemma":"chose","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of dit","gloss":"things"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"le-balcon-s2-l5","source":"Les soirs illuminés par l'ardeur du charbon.","translation":"on the evenings lit by the glow of the coals.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of soirs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soirs","lemma":"soir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"temporal adjunct of avons dit (refrain, closing the stanza)","gloss":"evenings"},{"surface":"illuminés","lemma":"illuminer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying soirs","gloss":"lit"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ardeur","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ardeur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ardeur","lemma":"ardeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"agent of illuminés","gloss":"glow"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking charbon","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"charbon","lemma":"charbon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ardeur","gloss":"coal"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"le-balcon-s3-l1","source":"Que les soleils sont beaux dans les chaudes soirées!","translation":"How beautiful the suns are in the warm evenings!","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"adverb, exclamative","role":"introduces the exclamation with beaux","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of soleils","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soleils","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of beaux","gloss":"suns"},{"surface":"sont","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to beaux","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"beaux","lemma":"beau","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soirées","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of soirées","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chaudes","lemma":"chaud","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies soirées","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"soirées","lemma":"soirée","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"locative complement of beaux","gloss":"evenings"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"le-balcon-s3-l2","source":"Que l'espace est profond! que le coeur est puissant!","translation":"How deep is space! how mighty is the heart!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"adverb, exclamative","role":"introduces the exclamation with profond","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of espace","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espace","lemma":"espace","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of profond","gloss":"space"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to profond","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"profond","lemma":"profond","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"adverb, exclamative","role":"introduces the exclamation with puissant","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of puissant","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to puissant","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"puissant","lemma":"puissant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mighty"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"le-balcon-s3-l3","source":"En me penchant vers toi, reine des adorées,","translation":"Leaning toward you, queen of the adored,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"En me penchant vers toi","title":"«en» + present participle (gerund)","body":"«en» + the present participle of a pronominal verb forms the gerund of simultaneity: «en me penchant» = 'while/as I lean'. «se pencher» = 'to lean, to bend over'; the reflexive «me» is kept inside the construction. The line fixes the posture of the whole memory — the poet bent over the seated woman, breathing her in."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"gerund marker introducing penchant","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of penchant","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"penchant","lemma":"pencher","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"head of the participial clause, modifies croyais (next line)","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"vers","lemma":"vers","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking toi","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"toi","lemma":"toi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"depends on penchant","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"reine","lemma":"reine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to toi","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking adorées","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"adorées","lemma":"adoré","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies reine","gloss":"the adored"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"le-balcon-s3-l4","source":"Je croyais respirer le parfum de ton sang.","translation":"I thought I breathed in the perfume of your blood.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of croyais","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"croyais","lemma":"croire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"respirer","lemma":"respirer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of croyais","gloss":"breathe in"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of parfum","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"parfum","lemma":"parfum","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of respirer","gloss":"perfume"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sang","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sang","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"sang","lemma":"sang","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies parfum","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"le-balcon-s3-l5","source":"Que les soleils sont beaux dans les chaudes soirées!","translation":"How beautiful the suns are in the warm evenings!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"adverb, exclamative","role":"introduces the exclamation with beaux","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of soleils","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soleils","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of beaux","gloss":"suns"},{"surface":"sont","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to beaux","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"beaux","lemma":"beau","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soirées","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of soirées","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chaudes","lemma":"chaud","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies soirées","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"soirées","lemma":"soirée","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"locative complement of beaux","gloss":"evenings"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"le-balcon-s4-l1","source":"La nuit s'épaississait ainsi qu'une cloison,","translation":"The night was thickening like a partition wall,","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"s'épaississait ainsi qu'une cloison","title":"Pronominal «s'épaissir» + «ainsi que»","body":"«s'épaissir» = 'to grow thick, to thicken'; the pronominal form makes it intransitive — the night thickens of itself. The imperfect «s'épaississait» renders the slow, ongoing process. «ainsi que» here is a literary 'just as / like', introducing the simile of the «cloison» — a thin interior partition — so the dark closes around them like a wall sealing the room."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuit","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of épaississait","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of épaississait","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"épaississait","lemma":"épaissir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was thickening"},{"surface":"ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the comparative phrase ainsi que","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the comparative phrase ainsi que","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cloison","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cloison","lemma":"cloison","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of comparison introduced by ainsi que","gloss":"partition wall"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"le-balcon-s4-l2","source":"Et mes yeux dans le noir devinaient tes prunelles,","translation":"and my eyes in the dark made out your pupils,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mes","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of yeux","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of devinaient","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking noir","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of noir","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noir","lemma":"noir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"locative adjunct modifying devinaient","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"devinaient","lemma":"deviner","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made out"},{"surface":"tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of prunelles","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"prunelles","lemma":"prunelle","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of devinaient","gloss":"pupils"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"le-balcon-s4-l3","source":"Et je buvais ton souffle, ô douceur! ô poison!","translation":"and I drank your breath, O sweetness! O poison!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of buvais","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"buvais","lemma":"boire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of souffle","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"souffle","lemma":"souffle","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of buvais","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces vocative douceur","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"douceur","lemma":"douceur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative exclamation","gloss":"sweetness"},{"surface":"ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces vocative poison","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"poison","lemma":"poison","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative exclamation","gloss":"poison"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"le-balcon-s4-l4","source":"Et tes pieds s'endormaient dans mes mains fraternelles.","translation":"and your feet fell asleep in my brotherly hands.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mes mains fraternelles","title":"fraternel(le)","body":"«fraternel» = 'brotherly, fraternal'. The adjective is startling here: after «douceur» and «poison», the desire turns tender and chaste, the hands cradling her sleeping feet 'like a brother's'. Baudelaire often lets sensual longing slide into protective, almost familial tenderness."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pieds","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"pieds","lemma":"pied","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of endormaient","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of endormaient","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"endormaient","lemma":"endormir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell asleep"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mains","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mes","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of mains","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"mains","lemma":"main","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of endormaient","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"fraternelles","lemma":"fraternel","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mains","gloss":"brotherly"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"le-balcon-s4-l5","source":"La nuit s'épaississait ainsi qu'une cloison.","translation":"The night was thickening like a partition wall.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nuit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuit","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of épaississait","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of épaississait","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"épaississait","lemma":"épaissir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was thickening"},{"surface":"ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the comparative phrase ainsi que","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the comparative phrase ainsi que","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cloison","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cloison","lemma":"cloison","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of comparison introduced by ainsi que","gloss":"partition wall"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"le-balcon-s5-l1","source":"Je sais l'art d'évoquer les minutes heureuses,","translation":"I know the art of conjuring up the happy minutes,","stanza":5,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"l'art d'évoquer","title":"évoquer","body":"«évoquer» = 'to call up, to summon, to evoke' — used both of recalling the past and of an occultist conjuring spirits. Calling memory an «art» he possesses turns the poet into a magician who raises the dead minutes; the séance imagery returns in the final stanza's «gouffre» and resurrected suns."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sais","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sais","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of art","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"art","lemma":"art","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sais","gloss":"art"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of évoquer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"évoquer","lemma":"évoquer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of art (d'évoquer)","gloss":"conjuring up"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of minutes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"minutes","lemma":"minute","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of évoquer","gloss":"minutes"},{"surface":"heureuses","lemma":"heureux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies minutes","gloss":"happy"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"le-balcon-s5-l2","source":"Et revis mon passé blotti dans tes genoux.","translation":"and relive my past, nestled against your knees.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Et revis mon passé","title":"«revis» — present of «revivre»","body":"«revis» is the first-person present of «revivre» ('to live again, to relive'), parallel to «je sais» in the line before: 'I know… and I relive'. Do not confuse it with «revis», past historic of «revoir» ('to see again'). The past participle «blotti» ('nestled, snuggled') agrees with «mon passé» and pictures the speaker's whole past curled in her lap."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"revis","lemma":"revivre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence, coordinated with sais","gloss":"relive"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of passé","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"passé","lemma":"passé","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of revis","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"blotti","lemma":"blottir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"modifies passé","gloss":"nestled"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking genoux","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of genoux","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"genoux","lemma":"genou","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of blotti","gloss":"knees"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"le-balcon-s5-l3","source":"Car à quoi bon chercher tes beautés langoureuses","translation":"For what good is it to seek your languorous beauties","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"à quoi bon chercher","title":"«à quoi bon» + infinitive","body":"«à quoi bon…?» = 'what's the use of…?, what good is it to…?'; it takes a bare infinitive («chercher»). A rhetorical question expecting the answer 'none': there is no point seeking her beauties elsewhere than in her own dear body and heart."}],"words":[{"surface":"Car","lemma":"car","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom à quoi bon","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"quoi","lemma":"quoi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"part of the idiom à quoi bon (what good)","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"bon","lemma":"bon","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"part of the idiom à quoi bon","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"chercher","lemma":"chercher","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to seek"},{"surface":"tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of beautés","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"beautés","lemma":"beauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of chercher","gloss":"beauties"},{"surface":"langoureuses","lemma":"langoureux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies beautés","gloss":"languorous"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"le-balcon-s5-l4","source":"Ailleurs qu'en ton cher corps et qu'en ton coeur si doux?","translation":"anywhere but in your dear body and your heart so sweet?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ailleurs","lemma":"ailleurs","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"elsewhere"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the comparative phrase ailleurs que (than in)","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corps","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of corps","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"cher","lemma":"cher","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies corps","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"corps","lemma":"corps","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of the comparison introduced by qu'en","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the comparative phrase, coordinated with qu' above","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coeur","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with corps","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"adverb, degree","role":"modifies doux","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"doux","lemma":"doux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies coeur","gloss":"sweet"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"le-balcon-s5-l5","source":"Je sais l'art d'évoquer les minutes heureuses!","translation":"I know the art of conjuring up the happy minutes!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sais","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sais","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of art","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"art","lemma":"art","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of sais","gloss":"art"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of évoquer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"évoquer","lemma":"évoquer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of art (d'évoquer)","gloss":"conjuring up"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of minutes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"minutes","lemma":"minute","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of évoquer","gloss":"minutes"},{"surface":"heureuses","lemma":"heureux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies minutes","gloss":"happy"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"le-balcon-s6-l1","source":"Ces serments, ces parfums, ces baisers infinis,","translation":"These vows, these perfumes, these infinite kisses,","stanza":6,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of serments","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"serments","lemma":"serment","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"vows"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of parfums","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"parfums","lemma":"parfum","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with serments","gloss":"perfumes"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of baisers","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"baisers","lemma":"baiser","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with serments and parfums","gloss":"kisses"},{"surface":"infinis","lemma":"infini","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies baisers","gloss":"infinite"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"le-balcon-s6-l2","source":"Renaîtront-ils d'un gouffre interdit à nos sondes,","translation":"will they be reborn from a gulf forbidden to our soundings,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Renaîtront-ils","title":"Inversion in a question + «renaître»","body":"«Renaîtront-ils?» = 'will they be reborn?' — the future of «renaître» ('to be reborn') with subject-verb inversion, the formal way to ask a question; the hyphen and pronoun «-ils» pick up «ces serments, ces parfums, ces baisers». A «sonde» is a sounding-line: the gulf is «interdit à nos sondes», too deep for any plumb-line to reach — the question of whether the past can ever rise again."}],"words":[{"surface":"Renaîtront","lemma":"renaître","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be reborn"},{"surface":"-ils","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of Renaîtront","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gouffre","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gouffre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gouffre","lemma":"gouffre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Renaîtront","gloss":"gulf"},{"surface":"interdit","lemma":"interdire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying gouffre","gloss":"forbidden"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sondes","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sondes","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"sondes","lemma":"sonde","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of interdit","gloss":"soundings"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"le-balcon-s6-l3","source":"Comme montent au ciel les soleils rajeunis","translation":"as the rejuvenated suns mount to the sky","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Comme montent au ciel les soleils","title":"Stylistic inversion after «comme»","body":"After «comme» ('as, like') the subject «les soleils rajeunis» is placed after its verb «montent» — a poetic inversion for rhythm and emphasis: 'as the rejuvenated suns rise to the sky'. «rajeuni» = 'made young again, rejuvenated'; the suns that set into the deep seas climb back renewed, the image for the hoped-for resurrection of love."}],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of montent","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"montent","lemma":"monter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mount"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciel","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"ciel","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of montent","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of soleils","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soleils","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of montent (inverted word order)","gloss":"suns"},{"surface":"rajeunis","lemma":"rajeunir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies soleils","gloss":"rejuvenated"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"le-balcon-s6-l4","source":"Après s'être lavés au fond des mers profondes?","translation":"after having washed themselves in the depths of the deep seas?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Après s'être lavés","title":"«après» + perfect infinitive (pronominal)","body":"«après» + a past infinitive expresses an action completed before the main one: «après s'être lavés» = 'after having washed themselves'. The auxiliary is «être» because «se laver» is pronominal, and the past participle «lavés» agrees with the masculine plural «les soleils». The suns bathe in the deep before rising renewed — exactly the cycle the poet asks of his lost love."}],"words":[{"surface":"Après","lemma":"après","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of lavés","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on lavés","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"être","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"depends on lavés","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"lavés","lemma":"laver","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, masculine, plural","role":"verb of the infinitive clause, modifies montent","gloss":"washed"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fond","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"fond","lemma":"fond","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of lavés","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mers","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mers","lemma":"mer","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies fond","gloss":"seas"},{"surface":"profondes","lemma":"profond","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mers","gloss":"deep"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"le-balcon-s6-l5","source":"— Ô serments! ô parfums! ô baisers infinis!","translation":"— O vows! O perfumes! O infinite kisses!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces vocative serments","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"serments","lemma":"serment","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"vocative exclamation","gloss":"vows"},{"surface":"ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces vocative parfums","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"parfums","lemma":"parfum","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with serments (vocative)","gloss":"perfumes"},{"surface":"ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces vocative baisers","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"baisers","lemma":"baiser","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with serments (vocative)","gloss":"kisses"},{"surface":"infinis","lemma":"infini","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies baisers","gloss":"infinite"}]}]}