{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"le-chat-2","title":{"source":"Le Chat","translated":"The Cat"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-chat-2","lines":42},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/ciel-brouille","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-beau-navire","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"le-chat-2-s1-l1","source":"I","translation":"I","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"I","morphology":"numeral","role":"section marker","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"le-chat-2-s2-l1","source":"Dans ma cervelle se promène,","translation":"Through my brain there strolls about,","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"se promène","title":"«se promener» — to stroll, to wander","body":"«se promener» is a pronominal verb — the reflexive «se» turns 'to walk' into 'to take a stroll, to wander about'. Here the subject «Un beau chat» is held back two lines, so the line opens on the action and place — «Dans ma cervelle se promène» = 'in my brain wanders' — and only later names what wanders. The cat is imagined pacing the poet's mind as though it were a room, an image the next line makes explicit."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cervelle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of cervelle","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"cervelle","lemma":"cervelle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of promène (location)","gloss":"brain"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on promène","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"promène","lemma":"promener","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"strolls","note":"The subject (a cat) does not arrive until line 3; 'se promène' = strolls about."}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"le-chat-2-s2-l2","source":"Ainsi qu'en son appartement,","translation":"As if it were in its own apartment,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ainsi qu'en son appartement","title":"«ainsi que» — just as, in the same way as","body":"«ainsi que» means 'just as, in the same manner as', introducing a comparison: the cat moves through the poet's mind «ainsi qu'en son appartement» = 'just as it would in its own lodgings'. «qu'en» is «que» + «en» elided before a vowel. The likeness makes the brain the cat's home territory, the inner room it owns."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"forms 'ainsi que' (as if) with qu'","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"completes the idiom ainsi que (just as), part of the phrase Ainsi","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking appartement","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of appartement","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"appartement","lemma":"appartement","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique complement introduced by en, modifies promène","gloss":"apartment"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"le-chat-2-s2-l3","source":"Un beau chat, fort, doux et charmant.","translation":"A fine cat, strong, gentle and charming.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of chat","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"beau","lemma":"beau","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies chat","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"chat","lemma":"chat","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of promène","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"fort","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with doux, modifies chat","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"doux","lemma":"doux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with fort","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"charmant","lemma":"charmant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with fort","gloss":"charming"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"le-chat-2-s2-l4","source":"Quand il miaule, on l'entend à peine,","translation":"When it mews, one barely hears it,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"on l'entend à peine","title":"«à peine» — barely, hardly","body":"«à peine» is an adverbial idiom meaning 'barely, hardly, scarcely'. «on l'entend à peine» = 'one can hardly hear it'. The impersonal «on» ('one, people') keeps the observation general, and «l'» is the object pronoun «le» (it) elided before the vowel of «entend». The faintness sets up the next stanza's praise of how tender and discreet the cat's voice is."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quand","lemma":"quand","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of miaule","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of miaule","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"miaule","lemma":"miauler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on entend","gloss":"mews"},{"surface":"on","lemma":"on","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of entend","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of entend","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"entend","lemma":"entendre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hears"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom à peine","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"peine","lemma":"peine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of entend","gloss":"barely","note":"Idiom: à peine = barely, hardly."}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"le-chat-2-s3-l1","source":"Tant son timbre est tendre et discret;","translation":"So tender and discreet is its tone;","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tant son timbre est tendre","title":"«tant» — so much, to such a degree","body":"«tant» means 'so, so much, to such a degree', here explaining the «à peine» of the line before: one barely hears the cat «Tant son timbre est tendre» = 'so tender is its tone'. The cause runs across the stanza break, a single thought split over two stanzas. «le timbre» is the particular colour or quality of a voice."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tant","lemma":"tant","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tendre","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of timbre","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"timbre","lemma":"timbre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tendre","gloss":"tone"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to tendre","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"tendre","lemma":"tendre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"discret","lemma":"discret","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with tendre","gloss":"discreet"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"le-chat-2-s3-l2","source":"Mais que sa voix s'apaise ou gronde,","translation":"But whether its voice grows calm or growls,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que sa voix s'apaise ou gronde","title":"«que … ou …» + subjunctive — whether … or …","body":"«que sa voix s'apaise ou gronde» uses «que» with the subjunctive to mean 'whether its voice quiets or growls' — a concessive 'whatever it does'. «s'apaise» is the pronominal «s'apaiser» (to grow calm, to subside); «gronde» is «gronder» (to rumble, growl, scold). Both verbs are subjunctive, though here they look identical to the indicative; the construction concedes either case before insisting the voice is always rich."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mais","lemma":"mais","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the concessive clause of apaise","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voix","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"voix","lemma":"voix","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of apaise","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of apaise","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"apaise","lemma":"apaiser","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"grows calm"},{"surface":"ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"gronde","lemma":"gronder","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with apaise","gloss":"growls"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"le-chat-2-s3-l3","source":"Elle est toujours riche et profonde.","translation":"It is always rich and deep.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to riche","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"toujours","lemma":"toujours","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies riche","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"riche","lemma":"riche","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"profonde","lemma":"profond","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with riche","gloss":"deep"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"le-chat-2-s3-l4","source":"C'est là son charme et son secret.","translation":"That is its charm and its secret.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to charme","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate locative with est","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of charme","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"charme","lemma":"charme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of est","gloss":"charm"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of secret","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"secret","lemma":"secret","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with charme","gloss":"secret"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"le-chat-2-s4-l1","source":"Cette voix, qui perle et qui filtre","translation":"This voice, which beads and filters","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"qui perle et qui filtre","title":"«perler» — to form in droplets, to bead","body":"«perler» (from «la perle», pearl) means 'to form in beads or droplets, to bead up' — sweat or dew that gathers into glistening pearls. Paired with «filtre» ('seeps, trickles through'), it makes the cat's voice a liquid that pearls and percolates «Dans mon fonds le plus ténébreux» = 'into my darkest depths'. The relative «qui» ('which') repeats to chain the two verbs to «Cette voix»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cette","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voix","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"voix","lemma":"voix","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of remplit (line 3)","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of perle","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"perle","lemma":"perler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on voix","gloss":"beads"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of filtre","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"filtre","lemma":"filtrer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with perle","gloss":"filters"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"le-chat-2-s4-l2","source":"Dans mon fonds le plus ténébreux,","translation":"Into my most shadowy depths,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fonds","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fonds","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"fonds","lemma":"fonds","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of remplit (next line)","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"superlative marker with plus","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ténébreux","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"ténébreux","lemma":"ténébreux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fonds","gloss":"shadowy"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"le-chat-2-s4-l3","source":"Me remplit comme un vers nombreux","translation":"Fills me like a sonorous verse","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un vers nombreux","title":"«nombreux» — rhythmical, well-cadenced (of verse)","body":"«nombreux» usually means 'numerous', but applied to «un vers» (a line of poetry) it carries its older Latin sense (from «numerus», measure, rhythm): a line that is 'full, sonorous, rhythmically rich'. «un vers nombreux» = 'a flowing, well-cadenced line of verse'. Baudelaire likens the cat's voice to good poetry filling him — a quiet boast about his own art."}],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of remplit","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"remplit","lemma":"remplir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fills"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies remplit","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vers","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"vers","lemma":"vers","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of remplit (comparison)","gloss":"verse"},{"surface":"nombreux","lemma":"nombreux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vers","gloss":"sonorous"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"le-chat-2-s4-l4","source":"Et me réjouit comme un philtre.","translation":"And gladdens me like a love-potion.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"comme un philtre","title":"«un philtre» — a magic potion, a love-philtre","body":"«un philtre» is a magic draught, especially a love-potion brewed to enchant — not «un filtre» (a filter), despite the rhyme with «filtre» two lines up. «me réjouit comme un philtre» = 'delights me like a love-potion'. The voice that filters into him now intoxicates him, carrying the cat's spell from sound into the realm of magic and desire."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of réjouit","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"réjouit","lemma":"réjouir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gladdens"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking philtre","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of philtre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"philtre","lemma":"philtre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of réjouit","gloss":"love-potion"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"le-chat-2-s5-l1","source":"Elle endort les plus cruels maux","translation":"It lulls to sleep the cruelest pains","stanza":5,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Elle endort les plus cruels maux","title":"«endormir» — to lull to sleep, to soothe away","body":"«endormir» is 'to put to sleep, to lull'; figuratively 'to soothe, to deaden'. «Elle endort les plus cruels maux» = 'it lulls the cruelest pains to sleep'. «les maux» is the irregular plural of «le mal» (evil, ill, pain). The cat's voice works like an anaesthetic, an opiate set against the «extases» it also contains in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of endort","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"endort","lemma":"endormir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lulls"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of maux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cruels","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"cruels","lemma":"cruel","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies maux","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"maux","lemma":"mal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of endort","gloss":"pains"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"le-chat-2-s5-l2","source":"Et contient toutes les extases;","translation":"And holds within it every ecstasy;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"contient","lemma":"contenir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"toutes","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies extases","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of extases","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"extases","lemma":"extase","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of contient","gloss":"ecstasies"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"le-chat-2-s5-l3","source":"Pour dire les plus longues phrases,","translation":"To speak the longest sentences,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of dire","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dire","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of phrases","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies longues","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"longues","lemma":"long","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies phrases","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"phrases","lemma":"phrase","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of dire","gloss":"sentences"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"le-chat-2-s5-l4","source":"Elle n'a pas besoin de mots.","translation":"It has no need of words.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Elle n'a pas besoin de mots","title":"«avoir besoin de» — to need","body":"«avoir besoin de» is the fixed way to say 'to need (something)': literally 'to have need of'. Negated, «n'a pas besoin de» = 'has no need of'. After a negative, the partitive collapses to bare «de», so it is «besoin de mots» ('need of words'), not «de des mots». The wordless voice 'says' the longest sentences — the cat communes beyond language."}],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of a","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies a (negation)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies a (negation)","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"besoin","lemma":"besoin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of a","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mots","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mots","lemma":"mot","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of a","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"le-chat-2-s6-l1","source":"Non, il n'est pas d'archet qui morde","translation":"No, there is no bow that bites","stanza":6,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"il n'est pas d'archet qui morde","title":"«il n'est pas de» + subjunctive «qui morde»","body":"«il n'est pas de» is a literary equivalent of «il n'y a pas de» ('there is no…'): «il n'est pas d'archet» = 'there is no bow'. The following relative takes the subjunctive — «qui morde» (from «mordre», to bite) rather than indicative «mord» — because it describes something asserted not to exist. «un archet» is the bow of a stringed instrument, setting up the poet's heart as that instrument in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamation opening the sentence","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"expletive subject of est","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies est (negation)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"existential verb (il n'est pas = there is no)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies est (negation)","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"partitive marking archet after negation","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"archet","lemma":"archet","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject complement of the existential est","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of morde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"morde","lemma":"mordre","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on archet","gloss":"bites"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"le-chat-2-s6-l2","source":"Sur mon coeur, parfait instrument,","translation":"Upon my heart, that perfect instrument,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coeur","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of morde (previous line)","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"parfait","lemma":"parfait","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies instrument","gloss":"perfect"},{"surface":"instrument","lemma":"instrument","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to coeur","gloss":"instrument"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"le-chat-2-s6-l3","source":"Et fasse plus royalement","translation":"And makes more royally","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Et fasse plus royalement","title":"«fasse» — subjunctive of «faire»","body":"«fasse» is the present subjunctive of «faire» (to make, to do), the second verb of the relative «qui morde … et fasse», kept subjunctive for the same reason as «morde». «faire chanter» here is 'to make sing': no bow makes the heart's «plus vibrante corde» ('most vibrant string') 'sing more royally' than the cat's voice will, in the line that completes the comparison."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination with morde","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fasse","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with morde","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies royalement","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"royalement","lemma":"royalement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Chanter (next line)","gloss":"royally"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"le-chat-2-s6-l4","source":"Chanter sa plus vibrante corde,","translation":"Its most resonant string sing,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chanter","lemma":"chanter","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of fasse","gloss":"sing"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of corde","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vibrante","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"vibrante","lemma":"vibrant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies corde","gloss":"resonant"},{"surface":"corde","lemma":"corde","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Chanter","gloss":"string"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"le-chat-2-s7-l1","source":"Que ta voix, chat mystérieux,","translation":"Than your voice, mysterious cat,","stanza":7,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Que ta voix","title":"«Que» — the second term of a comparison","body":"This «Que» is 'than', closing the comparison opened by «plus» three lines back: no bow makes the heart sing more royally «Que ta voix» = 'than your voice'. The poem also pivots here from «il» (the cat as 'it') to «ta voix» ('your voice'), turning to address the cat directly — «chat mystérieux» — for its rapturous final apostrophe."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with plus royalement","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voix","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"voix","lemma":"voix","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compared to plus royalement","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"chat","lemma":"chat","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative in apposition to the addressee of voix","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"mystérieux","lemma":"mystérieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies chat","gloss":"mysterious"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"le-chat-2-s7-l2","source":"Chat séraphique, chat étrange,","translation":"Seraphic cat, strange cat,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chat","lemma":"chat","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative head of the phrase","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"séraphique","lemma":"séraphique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Chat","gloss":"seraphic"},{"surface":"chat","lemma":"chat","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"repeated vocative, parallel to Chat","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"étrange","lemma":"étrange","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies chat","gloss":"strange"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"le-chat-2-s7-l3","source":"En qui tout est, comme en un ange,","translation":"In whom all is, as in an angel,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of est","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of En, referring to chat","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the comparison","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ange","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ange","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"ange","lemma":"ange","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of comme en","gloss":"angel"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"le-chat-2-s7-l4","source":"Aussi subtil qu'harmonieux!","translation":"As subtle as it is harmonious!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Aussi subtil qu'harmonieux","title":"«aussi … que …» — as … as …","body":"«aussi … que …» expresses equal degree, 'as … as …': «Aussi subtil qu'harmonieux» = 'as subtle as (it is) harmonious'. «que» elides to «qu'» before the vowel of «harmonieux» (the «h» is mute). The line caps Part I's angelic praise — in the cat, as in an angel, everything is balanced perfectly between the subtle and the harmonious."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aussi","lemma":"aussi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies subtil","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"subtil","lemma":"subtil","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of est","gloss":"subtle"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"completes aussi...que comparison","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"harmonieux","lemma":"harmonieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with subtil","gloss":"harmonious"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"le-chat-2-s8-l1","source":"II","translation":"II","stanza":8,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"II","lemma":"II","morphology":"numeral","role":"section marker","gloss":"II"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"le-chat-2-s9-l1","source":"De sa fourrure blonde et brune","translation":"From its fur, fair and brown,","stanza":9,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"De sa fourrure blonde et brune","title":"«la fourrure» — fur, coat; «blonde» of an animal","body":"«la fourrure» is the animal's fur or pelt. «blonde et brune» describes its colour, 'fair and brown' — «blond» is not only human hair-colour but any pale gold tint. The line begins on «De» ('from'), and the verb «Sort» ('rises, comes forth') opens the next line, so the perfume is named before we learn it issues from the coat the poet has stroked."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fourrure","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fourrure","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"fourrure","lemma":"fourrure","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Sort (next line)","gloss":"fur"},{"surface":"blonde","lemma":"blond","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fourrure","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"brune","lemma":"brun","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with blonde","gloss":"brown"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"le-chat-2-s9-l2","source":"Sort un parfum si doux, qu'un soir","translation":"Rises a scent so sweet that, one evening,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"un parfum si doux, qu'un soir","title":"«si … que …» — so … that …","body":"«si … que …» is the consequence construction 'so … that …': «un parfum si doux, qu'… J'en fus embaumé» = 'a scent so sweet that I was perfumed by it'. «Sort» (from «sortir», to come out, issue) is inverted before its subject «un parfum». «qu'un soir» = «que» + «un soir» ('that one evening'), launching the result that spills across the rest of the stanza."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sort","lemma":"sortir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of parfum","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"parfum","lemma":"parfum","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Sort","gloss":"scent"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies doux","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"doux","lemma":"doux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies parfum","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause (si...que) with embaumé","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of soir","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"soir","lemma":"soir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adjunct, modifies embaumé (next line)","gloss":"evening"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"le-chat-2-s9-l3","source":"J'en fus embaumé, pour l'avoir","translation":"I was perfumed by it, for having","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"J'en fus embaumé","title":"«en» + «fus» (past historic) — perfumed by it","body":"«en» is the pronoun 'by it / with it', standing in for «de ce parfum»: «J'en fus embaumé» = 'I was perfumed by it'. «fus» is the «passé simple» (literary past) of «être», so «fus embaumé» = 'was embalmed/perfumed', a passive in the storytelling past tense. «embaumer» means both 'to perfume, to fill with fragrance' and 'to embalm' — a faint funereal undertone beneath the sweetness."}],"words":[{"surface":"J'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"subject of embaumé","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique argument of embaumé (by it)","gloss":"by it"},{"surface":"fus","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of embaumé","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"embaumé","lemma":"embaumer","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"perfumed"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of avoir","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of avoir","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"avoir","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"forms perfect infinitive with Caressée (next line)","gloss":"having"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"le-chat-2-s9-l4","source":"Caressée une fois, rien qu'une.","translation":"Stroked it once, just once.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"pour l'avoir Caressée","title":"«pour avoir» + past participle — for having done","body":"«pour avoir caressée» is the perfect infinitive 'for having stroked', giving the cause: he was perfumed for the single caress. The participle «caressée» takes a feminine «-e» because its object «l'» (= «la fourrure», feminine) comes before the verb — the rule of agreement with a preceding direct object. «rien qu'une» = 'only once, just the one time', underlining how little contact left so lasting a scent."}],"words":[{"surface":"Caressée","lemma":"caresser","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"past participle complement of avoir","gloss":"stroked"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fois","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"fois","lemma":"fois","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"adverbial, modifies Caressée","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"rien","lemma":"rien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"part of the idiom rien que","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"conjunction","role":"completes the idiom rien que","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"elliptical for une fois","gloss":"once","note":"rien qu'une = just once."}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"le-chat-2-s10-l1","source":"C'est l'esprit familier du lieu;","translation":"It is the familiar spirit of the place;","stanza":10,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to esprit","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esprit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esprit","lemma":"esprit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of est","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"familier","lemma":"familier","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies esprit","gloss":"familiar"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lieu","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"lieu","lemma":"lieu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies esprit","gloss":"place"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"le-chat-2-s10-l2","source":"Il juge, il préside, il inspire","translation":"It judges, it presides, it inspires","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Il juge, il préside, il inspire","title":"Anaphora — the drumbeat of «il»","body":"The line stacks three present-tense verbs each behind a repeated subject «il» ('it'): «Il juge, il préside, il inspire» — 'it judges, it presides, it inspires'. This repetition (anaphora) gives the cat the ritual cadence of a litany, listing its powers like those of a presiding god before the stanza asks outright whether it is «fée» or «dieu»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of juge","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"juge","lemma":"juger","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"judges"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of préside","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"préside","lemma":"présider","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with juge","gloss":"presides"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of inspire","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"inspire","lemma":"inspirer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with juge","gloss":"inspires"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"le-chat-2-s10-l3","source":"Toutes choses dans son empire;","translation":"All things within its empire;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Toutes","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies choses","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"choses","lemma":"chose","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of inspire (previous line)","gloss":"things"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking empire","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of empire","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"empire","lemma":"empire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of inspire","gloss":"empire"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"le-chat-2-s10-l4","source":"Peut-être est-il fée, est-il dieu?","translation":"Perhaps it is a fairy, is it a god?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Peut-être est-il fée","title":"«peut-être» triggers inversion","body":"When «peut-être» ('perhaps') opens a clause, the subject and verb usually invert: «Peut-être est-il» = 'perhaps is it', not «peut-être il est». «est-il fée, est-il dieu?» = 'is it a fairy, is it a god?'. «une fée» is a fairy or fey spirit; pairing it with «dieu» leaves the cat's nature deliberately undecided, half-magical, half-divine."}],"words":[{"surface":"Peut","lemma":"peut-être","morphology":"adverb","role":"first part of the adverb peut-être, modifies est","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"être","lemma":"peut-être","morphology":"adverb","role":"second part of the adverb peut-être","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to fée","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"-il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"fée","lemma":"fée","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of est","gloss":"a fairy"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to dieu","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"-il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"dieu","lemma":"dieu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of est","gloss":"a god"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"le-chat-2-s11-l1","source":"Quand mes yeux, vers ce chat que j'aime","translation":"When my eyes, toward this cat I love,","stanza":11,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quand","lemma":"quand","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of retournent (line 3)","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"mes","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of yeux","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of retournent (line 3)","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"vers","lemma":"vers","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chat","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of chat","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"chat","lemma":"chat","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of vers","gloss":"cat"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of aime","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"j'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"subject of aime","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"aime","lemma":"aimer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"relative clause on chat","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"le-chat-2-s11-l2","source":"Tirés comme par un aimant,","translation":"Drawn as if by a magnet,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tirés comme par un aimant","title":"«tirés» — past participle modifying «mes yeux»","body":"«Tirés» is the past participle of «tirer» (to pull, draw), agreeing with the plural «mes yeux»: 'my eyes, drawn'. It heads a participial phrase set between the subject and its verb «Se retournent» — French verse often suspends the sentence this way. «comme par un aimant» = 'as if by a magnet' («un aimant», a lodestone), the pull that turns the gaze inward in the lines that follow."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tirés","lemma":"tirer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"past participle modifying yeux","gloss":"drawn"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces the comparison as if","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aimant","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aimant","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"aimant","lemma":"aimant","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent complement of Tirés","gloss":"magnet"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"le-chat-2-s11-l3","source":"Se retournent docilement","translation":"Turn back obediently","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se retournent docilement","title":"«se retourner» — to turn back / turn round","body":"«se retourner» is a pronominal verb, 'to turn round, to turn back': «mes yeux … Se retournent» = 'my eyes turn back'. The reflexive «se» shows the eyes turning of their own accord, willingly — reinforced by «docilement» ('obediently, meekly'). Drawn to the cat, the gaze then bends inward, so that looking at the animal becomes looking «en moi-même» ('into myself')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on retournent","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"retournent","lemma":"retourner","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turn back"},{"surface":"docilement","lemma":"docilement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies retournent","gloss":"obediently"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"le-chat-2-s11-l4","source":"Et que je regarde en moi-même,","translation":"And when I look within myself,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quand … Et que je regarde","title":"«Et que» — resuming «Quand» without repeating it","body":"«Et que» picks up the «Quand» ('when') that opened the stanza, so the second clause need not repeat «quand»: 'When my eyes turn back … and when I look within myself'. This «que»-for-«quand» is the normal way French chains a second time-clause. The long 'when' built across the whole stanza waits for its main verb «Je vois» ('I see') in the final stanza."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination with Quand","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"coordinated with Quand, introduces the clause of regarde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"subject of regarde","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"regarde","lemma":"regarder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking moi","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"moi","lemma":"moi","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"oblique argument of regarde","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"même","lemma":"même","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifier of moi (moi-même = myself)","gloss":"self"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"le-chat-2-s12-l1","source":"Je vois avec étonnement","translation":"I see with astonishment","stanza":12,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"subject of vois","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vois","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking étonnement","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"étonnement","lemma":"étonnement","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of vois","gloss":"astonishment"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"le-chat-2-s12-l2","source":"Le feu de ses prunelles pâles,","translation":"The fire of its pale pupils,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ses prunelles pâles","title":"«la prunelle» — the pupil of the eye","body":"«la prunelle» is the pupil of the eye (from «la prune», plum — for its dark round shape), often standing poetically for the whole eye or its glance. «ses prunelles pâles» = 'its pale pupils'. The cat's eyes burn with a cold light, and the metaphors crowd in over the next two lines — beacons, then living opals — turning the gaze into something at once luminous and stony."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of feu","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"feu","lemma":"feu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of vois (previous line)","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prunelles","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of prunelles","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"prunelles","lemma":"prunelle","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies feu","gloss":"pupils"},{"surface":"pâles","lemma":"pâle","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies prunelles","gloss":"pale"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"le-chat-2-s12-l3","source":"Clairs fanaux, vivantes opales","translation":"Bright beacons, living opals","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Clairs fanaux, vivantes opales","title":"«un fanal» — a beacon-lamp","body":"«un fanal» is a large lamp or signal-light — a ship's lantern, a lighthouse beacon — and its plural is the irregular «fanaux». «Clairs fanaux» = 'bright beacons'. Set beside «vivantes opales» ('living opals'), the two appositions, with no verb between them, pile image on image: the cat's eyes are at once guiding lights and breathing gemstones that watch the poet «fixement» ('fixedly')."}],"words":[{"surface":"Clairs","lemma":"clair","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fanaux","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"fanaux","lemma":"fanal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to prunelles","gloss":"beacons"},{"surface":"vivantes","lemma":"vivant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies opales","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"opales","lemma":"opale","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with fanaux, in apposition to prunelles","gloss":"opals"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"le-chat-2-s12-l4","source":"Qui me contemplent fixement.","translation":"Which contemplate me fixedly.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of contemplent","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, singular","role":"direct object of contemplent","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"contemplent","lemma":"contempler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"contemplate"},{"surface":"fixement","lemma":"fixement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies contemplent","gloss":"fixedly"}]}]}