{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"le-guignon","title":{"source":"Le Guignon","translated":"Ill Luck"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-guignon","lines":14},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/l-ennemi","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/la-vie-anterieure","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"le-guignon-s1-l1","source":"Pour soulever un poids si lourd,","translation":"To lift a weight so heavy,","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive clause of soulever","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"soulever","lemma":"soulever","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lift"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poids","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"poids","lemma":"poids","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of soulever","gloss":"weight"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lourd","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"lourd","lemma":"lourd","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies poids","gloss":"heavy"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"le-guignon-s1-l2","source":"Sisyphe, il faudrait ton courage!","translation":"Sisyphus, your courage would be needed!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"il faudrait","title":"Conditional of impersonal «falloir»","body":"«il faudrait» is the conditional of the impersonal verb «falloir» ('to be necessary'), which exists only in the third-person «il» — 'it would take, one would need'. With a noun it means 'X would be needed': «il faudrait ton courage» = 'your courage would be needed'. The conditional softens the bald «il faut» ('it takes') into a wish set against the impossible, fitting a labour as endless as Sisyphus's."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sisyphe","lemma":"Sisyphe","morphology":"proper noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Sisyphus"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, impersonal, third-person, singular","role":"impersonal subject of faudrait","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"faudrait","lemma":"falloir","morphology":"verb, present, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would be needed"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of courage","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"courage","lemma":"courage","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of faudrait","gloss":"courage"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"le-guignon-s1-l3","source":"Bien qu'on ait du coeur à l'ouvrage,","translation":"Though one has heart for the work,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Bien qu'on ait","title":"«bien que» + subjunctive","body":"«bien que» ('although, even though') always triggers the subjunctive: «ait» is the present subjunctive of «avoir», not the indicative «a». «avoir du coeur à l'ouvrage» is an idiom — 'to put one's heart into the work, to set to it willingly'. The concession sets up the defeat of line 4: willingness is not enough against time."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of concessive conjunction bien que","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"completes the conjunction bien que","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"on","lemma":"on","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of ait","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ait","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, partitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of ait","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ouvrage","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ouvrage","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ouvrage","lemma":"ouvrage","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of à, modifies coeur","gloss":"work"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"le-guignon-s1-l4","source":"L'Art est long et le Temps est court.","translation":"Art is long and Time is short.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Art","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Art","lemma":"art","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of est/long","gloss":"Art"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to long","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"long","lemma":"long","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Temps","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Temps","lemma":"temps","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of court","gloss":"Time"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to court","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"court","lemma":"court","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with long","gloss":"short"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"le-guignon-s2-l1","source":"Loin des sépultures célèbres,","translation":"Far from the famous sepulchres,","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Loin","lemma":"loin","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sépultures","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"sépultures","lemma":"sépulture","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Loin","gloss":"sepulchres"},{"surface":"célèbres","lemma":"célèbre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies sépultures","gloss":"famous"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"le-guignon-s2-l2","source":"Vers un cimetière isolé,","translation":"Toward a lonely graveyard,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vers","lemma":"vers","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cimetière","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cimetière","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cimetière","lemma":"cimetière","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"graveyard"},{"surface":"isolé","lemma":"isolé","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cimetière","gloss":"lonely"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"le-guignon-s2-l3","source":"Mon coeur, comme un tambour voilé,","translation":"My heart, like a muffled drum,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un tambour voilé","title":"«un tambour voilé» — a muffled drum","body":"«voilé» is the past participle of «voiler» (to veil) used as an adjective: a drum 'veiled', i.e. draped in cloth to deaden its sound — the muffled drum of a funeral march. The simile prepares «marches funèbres» in the next line; the heart beats its own dead-march toward an unvisited grave."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tambour","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tambour","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tambour","lemma":"tambour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies coeur","gloss":"drum"},{"surface":"voilé","lemma":"voiler","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying tambour","gloss":"muffled"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"le-guignon-s2-l4","source":"Va battant des marches funèbres.","translation":"Goes beating funeral marches.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Va battant","title":"«aller» + present participle","body":"«va battant» combines «aller» (to go) with the present participle «battant» (beating, from «battre»). This literary construction stresses a continuous, ongoing action — 'goes on beating, keeps beating' — much like the English 'goes beating'. It paints the heart's drumbeat as a steady, unstoppable procession toward the grave."}],"words":[{"surface":"Va","lemma":"aller","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"battant","lemma":"battre","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"complement of Va","gloss":"beating"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of marches","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"marches","lemma":"marche","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of battant","gloss":"marches"},{"surface":"funèbres","lemma":"funèbre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies marches","gloss":"funeral"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"le-guignon-s3-l1","source":"— Maint joyau dort enseveli","translation":"— Many a jewel sleeps buried","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Maint","title":"«maint» — many a","body":"«maint» is a literary, slightly archaic determiner meaning 'many a, more than one'. It takes the singular noun it qualifies — «maint joyau» = 'many a jewel' — and recurs as the feminine «mainte fleur» opening the final tercet, binding the two images of buried worth. «enseveli» (from «ensevelir», to bury, to shroud) makes the jewel sleep as in a grave."}],"words":[{"surface":"Maint","lemma":"maint","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies joyau","gloss":"many a","note":"archaic \"maint\" = \"many a\"."},{"surface":"joyau","lemma":"joyau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dort","gloss":"jewel"},{"surface":"dort","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sleeps"},{"surface":"enseveli","lemma":"ensevelir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"complement of dort","gloss":"buried"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"le-guignon-s3-l2","source":"Dans les ténèbres et l'oubli,","translation":"In the darkness and oblivion,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ténèbres","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ténèbres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ténèbres","lemma":"ténèbre","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oubli","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oubli","lemma":"oubli","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with ténèbres","gloss":"oblivion"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"le-guignon-s3-l3","source":"Bien loin des pioches et des sondes;","translation":"Far away from the picks and the probes;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"les pioches et les sondes","title":"«la pioche» and «la sonde»","body":"«une pioche» is a pickaxe and «une sonde» a sounding-probe or drill — the tools that dig and prospect. The buried jewel lies «bien loin» ('far, far off') from any tool that might unearth it: genius without a discoverer. The mining image makes neglect physical, as if recognition were a seam no one will ever sink a shaft to find."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies loin","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"loin","lemma":"loin","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pioches","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"pioches","lemma":"pioche","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of loin","gloss":"picks"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sondes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sondes","lemma":"sonde","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with pioches","gloss":"probes"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"le-guignon-s4-l1","source":"Mainte fleur épanche à regret","translation":"Many a flower pours out, reluctantly,","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"à regret","title":"«à regret» — reluctantly","body":"«à regret» is a fixed adverbial phrase meaning 'reluctantly, with regret, against one's will'. The flower releases its scent «à regret» because it spends its sweetness on no one — wasted in the wilderness. «épancher» (to pour out, to give vent to) is usually reflexive («s'épancher», to open one's heart); used transitively here it means the flower 'sheds, pours forth' its perfume."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mainte","lemma":"maint","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fleur","gloss":"many a"},{"surface":"fleur","lemma":"fleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of épanche","gloss":"flower"},{"surface":"épanche","lemma":"épancher","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pours out"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking regret","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"regret","lemma":"regret","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on épanche","gloss":"regret","note":"\"à regret\" is an idiom meaning \"reluctantly.\""}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"le-guignon-s4-l2","source":"Son parfum doux comme un secret","translation":"Its perfume sweet as a secret","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of parfum","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"parfum","lemma":"parfum","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"perfume"},{"surface":"doux","lemma":"doux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies parfum","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking secret","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of secret","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"secret","lemma":"secret","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies parfum","gloss":"secret"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"le-guignon-s4-l3","source":"Dans les solitudes profondes.","translation":"In the deep solitudes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking solitudes","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of solitudes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"solitudes","lemma":"solitude","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"solitudes"},{"surface":"profondes","lemma":"profond","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies solitudes","gloss":"deep"}]}]}