{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"le-jeu","title":{"source":"Le Jeu","translated":"Gambling"},"section":"Parisian Scenes","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-jeu","lines":24},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-crepuscule-du-soir","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/danse-macabre","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"le-jeu-s1-l1","source":"Dans des fauteuils fanés des courtisanes vieilles,","translation":"In faded armchairs, aged courtesans,","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"courtisanes vieilles","title":"courtisane (f.)","body":"«courtisane» is a courtesan — a kept woman or high-class prostitute, more genteel in register than «putain» (which lands in stanza 5). The poem opens on the faded glamour of the gambling den: once-courtesans, now «vieilles» (old), painted and ruined, presiding over the green tables."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fauteuils","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fauteuils","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"fauteuils","lemma":"fauteuil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of Dans","gloss":"armchairs"},{"surface":"fanés","lemma":"fané","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fauteuils","gloss":"faded"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of courtisanes","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"courtisanes","lemma":"courtisane","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of the sentence (continues into l4)","gloss":"courtesans"},{"surface":"vieilles","lemma":"vieux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies courtisanes","gloss":"aged"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"le-jeu-s1-l2","source":"Pâles, le sourcil peint, l'oeil câlin et fatal,","translation":"pale, eyebrows painted, eyes coaxing and deadly,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pâles","lemma":"pâle","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies courtisanes (l1)","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sourcil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sourcil","lemma":"sourcil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of peint (absolute construction)","gloss":"eyebrow"},{"surface":"peint","lemma":"peindre","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, singular","role":"absolute clause modifying courtisanes","gloss":"painted","note":"le sourcil peint, \"eyebrows painted,\" an absolute construction describing the women."},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oeil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oeil","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of the elided être (absolute construction)","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"câlin","lemma":"câlin","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oeil","gloss":"coaxing"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fatal","lemma":"fatal","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with câlin","gloss":"deadly"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"le-jeu-s1-l3","source":"Minaudant, et faisant de leurs maigres oreilles","translation":"simpering, and from their meager ears letting","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Minaudant","title":"minauder (v.)","body":"«minauder» is to mince, simper, or put on coquettish airs; the present participle «minaudant» keeps the action ongoing. The verb «faire ... tomber» ('to make ... fall') begins here and finishes in the next line — the gesture of these old women is a hollow, affected flirtation, mere habit of seduction."}],"words":[{"surface":"Minaudant","lemma":"minauder","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"modifies courtisanes (l1)","gloss":"simpering"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"faisant","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"coordinated with Minaudant","gloss":"letting"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oreilles","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of oreilles","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"maigres","lemma":"maigre","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies oreilles","gloss":"meager"},{"surface":"oreilles","lemma":"oreille","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of faisant","gloss":"ears"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"le-jeu-s1-l4","source":"Tomber un cliquetis de pierre et de métal;","translation":"fall a clinking of stone and of metal;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un cliquetis de pierre et de métal","title":"cliquetis (m.)","body":"«cliquetis» is a clinking, jingling, or rattling sound. «faire tomber un cliquetis de pierre et de métal» = 'to let fall a clinking of stone and metal' — the earrings (jewels and gold) swinging from their ears. The sound of jewelry rhymes, ominously, with the rattle of coins and chips on the gaming tables."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tomber","lemma":"tomber","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of faisant (l3)","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cliquetis","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"cliquetis","lemma":"cliquetis","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Tomber","gloss":"clinking"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pierre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pierre","lemma":"pierre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies cliquetis","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking métal","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"métal","lemma":"métal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with pierre","gloss":"metal"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"le-jeu-s2-l1","source":"Autour des verts tapis des visages sans lèvre,","translation":"Around the green baize, faces without lips,","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"des verts tapis","title":"le tapis vert","body":"«le tapis vert» — the 'green cloth' or baize — is the felt that covers a card or gaming table, and by metonymy the gambling table itself. Setting «verts» before the noun is a poetic inversion. Around these green tables Baudelaire ranges his gallery of the ruined: lipless faces, toothless jaws, fingers clawing at empty pockets."}],"words":[{"surface":"Autour","lemma":"autour","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase autour de","gloss":"Around"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de+le","morphology":"contraction (preposition + determiner), masculine, plural","role":"part of the phrase autour de","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verts","lemma":"vert","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies tapis","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"tapis","lemma":"tapis","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of autour de","gloss":"baize"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of visages","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"visages","lemma":"visage","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of the sentence (continues into s2)","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lèvre","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"lèvre","lemma":"lèvre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies visages","gloss":"lips"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"le-jeu-s2-l2","source":"Des lèvres sans couleur, des mâchoires sans dent,","translation":"colorless lips, jaws without a tooth,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of lèvres","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"lèvres","lemma":"lèvre","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"in apposition to visages (l1)","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking couleur","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"couleur","lemma":"couleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lèvres","gloss":"color"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of mâchoires","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"mâchoires","lemma":"mâchoire","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with lèvres","gloss":"jaws"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dent","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"dent","lemma":"dent","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mâchoires","gloss":"a tooth"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"le-jeu-s2-l3","source":"Et des doigts convulsés d'une infernale fièvre,","translation":"and fingers convulsed with an infernal fever,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of doigts","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"doigts","lemma":"doigt","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with lèvres/mâchoires (l1-2)","gloss":"fingers"},{"surface":"convulsés","lemma":"convulser","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies doigts","gloss":"convulsed"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fièvre","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fièvre","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"infernale","lemma":"infernal","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fièvre","gloss":"infernal"},{"surface":"fièvre","lemma":"fièvre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of convulsés","gloss":"fever"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"le-jeu-s2-l4","source":"Fouillant la poche vide ou le sein palpitant;","translation":"rummaging the empty pocket or the throbbing breast;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Fouillant la poche vide","title":"fouiller (v.)","body":"«fouiller» is to rummage, search, or dig through. The present participle «fouillant» keeps the gamblers' hands in restless motion: ransacking the «poche vide» (empty pocket) for one more coin, or the «sein palpitant» (heaving breast) where a last stake might be hidden. Empty pocket and racing heart together name the addiction."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fouillant","lemma":"fouiller","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"modifies doigts (l3)","gloss":"rummaging"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of poche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poche","lemma":"poche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Fouillant","gloss":"pocket"},{"surface":"vide","lemma":"vide","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies poche","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sein","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with poche","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"palpitant","lemma":"palpitant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sein","gloss":"throbbing"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"le-jeu-s3-l1","source":"Sous de sales plafonds un rang de pâles lustres","translation":"Beneath grimy ceilings a row of pale chandeliers","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sous","lemma":"sous","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plafonds","gloss":"Beneath"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of plafonds","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"sales","lemma":"sale","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies plafonds","gloss":"grimy"},{"surface":"plafonds","lemma":"plafond","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of Sous","gloss":"ceilings"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rang","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rang","lemma":"rang","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of projetant (l2)","gloss":"row"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lustres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pâles","lemma":"pâle","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies lustres","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"lustres","lemma":"lustre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies rang","gloss":"chandeliers"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"le-jeu-s3-l2","source":"Et d'énormes quinquets projetant leurs lueurs","translation":"and enormous oil-lamps casting their glow","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"d'énormes quinquets","title":"quinquet (m.)","body":"«quinquet» is an Argand oil-lamp — named for the pharmacist Quinquet who popularized it — with a bright, smoky flame. In the gambling hells of Baudelaire's day these lamps threw a harsh light. «projetant leurs lueurs» ('casting their gleams') sets the artificial glare over the brows of the ruined poets in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of quinquets","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"énormes","lemma":"énorme","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies quinquets","gloss":"enormous"},{"surface":"quinquets","lemma":"quinquet","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with rang (l1), subject of projetant","gloss":"oil-lamps"},{"surface":"projetant","lemma":"projeter","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"participial clause modifying rang and quinquets (l1, l2); the poem's descriptive list has no finite main clause until later","gloss":"casting"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of lueurs","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"lueurs","lemma":"lueur","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of projetant","gloss":"glow"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"le-jeu-s3-l3","source":"Sur des fronts ténébreux de poètes illustres","translation":"over the shadowed brows of illustrious poets","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fronts","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fronts","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fronts","lemma":"front","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of projetant (l2)","gloss":"brows"},{"surface":"ténébreux","lemma":"ténébreux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fronts","gloss":"shadowed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poètes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"poètes","lemma":"poète","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies fronts","gloss":"poets"},{"surface":"illustres","lemma":"illustre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies poètes","gloss":"illustrious"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"le-jeu-s3-l4","source":"Qui viennent gaspiller leurs sanglantes sueurs;","translation":"who come to squander their bloody sweat;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gaspiller leurs sanglantes sueurs","title":"gaspiller (v.)","body":"«gaspiller» is to waste, squander, or fritter away. «venir gaspiller» = 'to come [in order] to squander', the bare infinitive following a verb of motion. The «sanglantes sueurs» — 'bloody sweat' — are the agonized labor of these illustrious poets, gambled away in a night. The phrase recalls Christ's sweat of blood, lending the loss a blasphemous gravity."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of viennent","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"viennent","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on poètes (l3)","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"gaspiller","lemma":"gaspiller","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of viennent","gloss":"to squander"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of sueurs","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"sanglantes","lemma":"sanglant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies sueurs","gloss":"bloody"},{"surface":"sueurs","lemma":"sueur","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of gaspiller","gloss":"sweat"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"le-jeu-s4-l1","source":"Voilà le noir tableau qu'en un rêve nocturne","translation":"Such is the black tableau that in a night-dream","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"le noir tableau","title":"tableau (m.)","body":"«tableau» is a painting, picture, or scene — the word that names the whole section, the «Tableaux parisiens» (Parisian Scenes). «Voilà le noir tableau» = 'There you have the black picture': the poet steps back and frames the three preceding stanzas as a single canvas glimpsed in dream, before turning, in the next lines, to find himself inside it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Voilà","lemma":"voilà","morphology":"presentative particle","role":"main predicate of the sentence","gloss":"such is"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tableau","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noir","lemma":"noir","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tableau","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"tableau","lemma":"tableau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of Voilà","gloss":"tableau"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"direct object of vis (next line)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rêve","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rêve","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rêve","lemma":"rêve","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of vis (next line)","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"nocturne","lemma":"nocturne","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies rêve","gloss":"night-time"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"le-jeu-s4-l2","source":"Je vis se dérouler sous mon oeil clairvoyant.","translation":"I watched unfold beneath my clear-seeing eye.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Je vis se dérouler","title":"Perception verb + reflexive infinitive","body":"«vis» is the «passé simple» of «voir» ('I saw'). A verb of perception can take a bare infinitive for the action perceived: «je vis se dérouler le tableau» = 'I saw the scene unroll itself'. The pronominal «se dérouler» ('to unfold, unwind') makes the picture seem to play out on its own before the «oeil clairvoyant» — the clairvoyant, all-seeing eye of the dreaming poet."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of vis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"vis","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, simple past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on dérouler","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"dérouler","lemma":"dérouler","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of vis","gloss":"unfold"},{"surface":"sous","lemma":"sous","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oeil","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oeil","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"oeil","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of dérouler","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"clairvoyant","lemma":"clairvoyant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oeil","gloss":"clear-seeing"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"le-jeu-s4-l3","source":"Moi-même, dans un coin de l'antre taciturne,","translation":"I myself, in a corner of the silent den,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"l'antre taciturne","title":"antre (m.)","body":"«antre» is a cavern, lair, or den — often with a sinister or beastly connotation (the lair of a monster). «taciturne» means silent, taciturn. The gambling hall becomes «l'antre taciturne», a hushed cave, and the poet places himself «dans un coin» (in a corner) of it — present at his own dream, watching."}],"words":[{"surface":"Moi","lemma":"moi","morphology":"pronoun, disjunctive, first-person, singular","role":"in apposition to Je (next line)","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"même","lemma":"même","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies Moi","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coin","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coin","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"coin","lemma":"coin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of vis (next line)","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking antre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of antre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"antre","lemma":"antre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies coin","gloss":"den"},{"surface":"taciturne","lemma":"taciturne","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies antre","gloss":"silent"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"le-jeu-s4-l4","source":"Je me vis accoudé, froid, muet, enviant,","translation":"saw myself leaning on my elbows, cold, mute, envying,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Je me vis accoudé","title":"Reflexive «se voir» + past participle","body":"«je me vis» = 'I saw myself' — the reflexive «me» turns «voir» back on the speaker, who is both dreamer and figure in the dream. «accoudé» (past participle of «s'accouder», 'to lean on one's elbows') describes his pose. The three adjectives «froid, muet, enviant» (cold, mute, envying) freeze him, and «enviant» carries over into the next stanza as its first word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of vis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on vis","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"vis","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, simple past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"accoudé","lemma":"accouder","morphology":"verb, past, participle, singular","role":"complement of vis","gloss":"leaning on my elbows"},{"surface":"froid","lemma":"froid","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Je","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"muet","lemma":"muet","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Je, coordinated with froid","gloss":"mute"},{"surface":"enviant","lemma":"envier","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"adverbial clause on vis","gloss":"envying"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"le-jeu-s5-l1","source":"Enviant de ces gens la passion tenace,","translation":"envying in these people their stubborn passion,","stanza":5,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Enviant de ces gens la passion tenace","title":"Displaced complement «de ces gens»","body":"Normal prose order would be «enviant la passion tenace de ces gens» ('envying the stubborn passion of these people'). Baudelaire fronts the «de ces gens» before its noun «la passion» — a poetic inversion that also suspends the sentence, holding off the object of envy. The repeated «Enviant» (from the line before) hammers the verb that drives the rest of the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"Enviant","lemma":"envier","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"continues the participle from previous line","gloss":"envying"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gens","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gens","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"gens","lemma":"gens","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Enviant","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of passion","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"passion","lemma":"passion","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Enviant","gloss":"passion"},{"surface":"tenace","lemma":"tenace","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies passion","gloss":"stubborn"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"le-jeu-s5-l2","source":"De ces vieilles putains la funèbre gaieté,","translation":"in these old whores their funereal gaiety,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la funèbre gaieté","title":"funèbre (adj.)","body":"«funèbre» means funereal, mournful, deathly — belonging to a funeral. Yoked to «gaieté» (gaiety, cheerfulness) it forms an oxymoron: 'funereal gaiety', the deathly merriment of the old prostitutes. The shock of the pairing is the point — even their joy is a thing of the grave, and the poet envies it."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking putains","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of putains","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"vieilles","lemma":"vieux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies putains","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"putains","lemma":"putain","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Enviant (parallel to gens)","gloss":"whores"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gaieté","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"funèbre","lemma":"funèbre","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gaieté","gloss":"funereal"},{"surface":"gaieté","lemma":"gaieté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with passion, object of Enviant","gloss":"gaiety"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"le-jeu-s5-l3","source":"Et tous gaillardement trafiquant à ma face,","translation":"and all of them briskly trafficking before my face,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gaillardement trafiquant","title":"trafiquer (v.); gaillardement (adv.)","body":"«trafiquer» is to traffic, deal, or trade (often shadily). The adverb «gaillardement» means jauntily, robustly, briskly — with bold good cheer. «à ma face» = 'right before my face, to my very face'. The gamblers boldly barter away, under the poet's eyes, the only things they have left — named in the closing line of the stanza."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tous","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of trafiquant","gloss":"all of them"},{"surface":"gaillardement","lemma":"gaillardement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies trafiquant","gloss":"briskly"},{"surface":"trafiquant","lemma":"trafiquer","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"parallel participle to Enviant, describes gens","gloss":"trafficking"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking face","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of face","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"face","lemma":"face","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of trafiquant","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"le-jeu-s5-l4","source":"L'un de son vieil honneur, l'autre de sa beauté!","translation":"the one his old honor, the other her beauty!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"L'un de son vieil honneur, l'autre de sa beauté","title":"«l'un ... l'autre» — 'the one ... the other'","body":"«l'un ... l'autre» distributes between two members of the «tous» (all) of the previous line: 'one ... the other'. Each «de» depends on «trafiquant» — they traffic «de son honneur», «de sa beauté». The man stakes his «vieil honneur» (old honor), the woman her «beauté» — what each is selling at the table is, in the end, the self."}],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of un","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to tous","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking honneur","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of honneur","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vieil","lemma":"vieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies honneur","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"honneur","lemma":"honneur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of trafiquant (parallel to face)","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of autre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"autre","lemma":"autre","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"coordinated with un","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking beauté","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of beauté","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"beauté","lemma":"beauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of trafiquant (parallel to face)","gloss":"beauty"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"le-jeu-s6-l1","source":"Et mon coeur s'effraya d'envier maint pauvre homme","translation":"And my heart took fright at envying many a poor wretch","stanza":6,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"mon coeur s'effraya d'envier","title":"Pronominal «s'effrayer de» + infinitive","body":"«s'effrayer» is a pronominal verb, 'to take fright, to be frightened'; «s'effrayer de» + infinitive = 'to be frightened at [doing] something'. «mon coeur s'effraya d'envier» = 'my heart was terrified at envying'. The «passé simple» «s'effraya» marks the sudden recoil: the poet is horrified to catch himself envying even the most wretched of the damned."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"maint pauvre homme","title":"maint (adj.)","body":"«maint» is a literary, slightly archaic word for 'many a', used here in the singular: «maint pauvre homme» = 'many a poor man'. It lends an old, almost ballad-like solemnity to the line and gathers the whole crowd of gamblers into one representative figure, racing toward the abyss."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of effraya","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of effraya","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"effraya","lemma":"effrayer","morphology":"verb, simple past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took fright"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking envier","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"envier","lemma":"envier","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of effraya (via de)","gloss":"envying"},{"surface":"maint","lemma":"maint","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of homme","gloss":"many a"},{"surface":"pauvre","lemma":"pauvre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies homme","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"homme","lemma":"homme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of envier","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"le-jeu-s6-l2","source":"Courant avec ferveur à l'abîme béant,","translation":"running with fervor toward the gaping abyss,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"l'abîme béant","title":"béant (adj.)","body":"«béant» means gaping, wide-open (present participle of the old verb «béer», 'to gape', used as an adjective). «l'abîme béant» = 'the gaping abyss' — damnation, the void, the open mouth of hell. The gamblers run «avec ferveur» (with fervor) toward it, their ruin pursued like a passion. The «abîme» prepares the poem's final, despairing choice."}],"words":[{"surface":"Courant","lemma":"courir","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"adverbial clause on homme (previous line)","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ferveur","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ferveur","lemma":"ferveur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Courant","gloss":"fervor"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking abîme","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of abîme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"abîme","lemma":"abîme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Courant","gloss":"abyss"},{"surface":"béant","lemma":"béant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies abîme","gloss":"gaping"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"le-jeu-s6-l3","source":"Et qui, soûl de son sang, préférerait en somme","translation":"and who, drunk on his own blood, would in the end prefer","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"préférerait ... à","title":"Conditional «préférer A à B»","body":"«préférer» constructs with «à»: «préférer A à B» = 'to prefer A to B'. The conditional «préférerait» ('would prefer') projects the wretch's choice, spelled out in the final line: «la douleur à la mort», «l'enfer au néant». «soûl de son sang» — 'drunk on his own blood' — paints him intoxicated by his own ruin, choosing pain over death itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of préférerait","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"soûl","lemma":"soûl","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to qui","gloss":"drunk"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sang","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of sang","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"sang","lemma":"sang","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of soûl","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"préférerait","lemma":"préférer","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would prefer"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of idiom en somme","gloss":"in","note":"\"en somme\" is a fixed idiom meaning \"in short, all told.\""},{"surface":"somme","lemma":"somme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of idiom en somme, modifies préférerait","gloss":"short"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"le-jeu-s6-l4","source":"La douleur à la mort et l'enfer au néant!","translation":"pain over death and hell over nothingness!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"l'enfer au néant","title":"le néant","body":"«le néant» is nothingness, the void, non-being — the bleak final term of Baudelaire's spleen. The closing antithesis is the poem's verdict: the damned gambler would choose «la douleur» over «la mort», and «l'enfer» over «le néant» — suffering and hell, because at least they are *something*. Even torment is preferable to annihilation: that is the horror the poet envies."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of douleur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"douleur","lemma":"douleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of préférerait (previous line)","gloss":"pain"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mort","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mort","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mort","lemma":"mort","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of préférerait","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of enfer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"enfer","lemma":"enfer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with douleur, direct object of préférerait","gloss":"hell"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking néant","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"néant","lemma":"néant","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of préférerait (parallel to mort)","gloss":"nothingness"}]}]}