{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin","title":{"source":"Le Vin de l'assassin","translated":"The Murderer's Wine"},"section":"Wine","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-vin-de-l-assassin","lines":52},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-vin-des-chiffonniers","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-vin-du-solitaire","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s1-l1","source":"Ma femme est morte, je suis libre!","translation":"My wife is dead, I am free!","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of femme","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"femme","lemma":"femme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of morte","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to morte","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"morte","lemma":"mort","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of est","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of suis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"suis","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to libre","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"libre","lemma":"libre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"free"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s1-l2","source":"Je puis donc boire tout mon soûl.","translation":"So now I can drink my fill.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tout mon soûl","title":"boire son soûl","body":"«boire (tout) son soûl» = 'to drink one's fill, to drink as much as one wants'. «soûl» as a noun means 'one's fill'; as an adjective the same word means 'drunk'. «Je puis» is a literary form of «je peux» ('I can'), from «pouvoir»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of puis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"puis","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"donc","lemma":"donc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puis","gloss":"so now"},{"surface":"boire","lemma":"boire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of puis","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies boire","gloss":"all of"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of soûl","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"soûl","lemma":"soûl","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of boire","gloss":"fill"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s1-l3","source":"Lorsque je rentrais sans un sou,","translation":"When I would come home without a penny,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Lorsque","lemma":"lorsque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of rentrais","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of rentrais","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"rentrais","lemma":"rentrer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would come home"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sou","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sou","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sou","lemma":"sou","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on rentrais","gloss":"penny"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s1-l4","source":"Ses cris me déchiraient la fibre.","translation":"her screaming tore me to the core.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"me déchiraient la fibre","title":"déchirer la fibre","body":"«déchirer» = 'to tear, to rip'; «la fibre» is the fibre of one's being, the rawest nerve. «Ses cris me déchiraient la fibre» = literally 'her cries tore my fibre' — they cut him to the quick. «déchiraient» is the imperfect, an action repeated night after night."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of cris","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"cris","lemma":"cri","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of déchiraient","gloss":"screaming"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of déchiraient","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"déchiraient","lemma":"déchirer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tore"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fibre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fibre","lemma":"fibre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of déchiraient","gloss":"core"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s2-l1","source":"Autant qu'un roi je suis heureux;","translation":"As happy as a king am I;","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Autant qu'un roi","title":"«autant que» (as much as)","body":"«autant que» = 'as much as'. Fronted for emphasis, «Autant qu'un roi je suis heureux» = 'I am as happy as a king'. French freely moves such comparative phrases to the head of the line, a word order verse often exploits."}],"words":[{"surface":"Autant","lemma":"autant","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies heureux","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of heureux","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of roi","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"roi","lemma":"roi","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of heureux","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of suis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"suis","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to heureux","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"heureux","lemma":"heureux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"predicate complement of suis, compared via autant que","gloss":"happy"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s2-l2","source":"L'air est pur, le ciel admirable...","translation":"the air is pure, the sky sublime...","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of air","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"air","lemma":"air","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"subject of pur","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to pur","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"pur","lemma":"pur","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"pure"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ciel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciel","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of admirable (ellipsis of est)","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"admirable","lemma":"admirable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate complement of ciel (ellipsis of est)","gloss":"sublime"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s2-l3","source":"Nous avions un été semblable","translation":"We had a summer just like this","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of avions","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"avions","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of été","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"été","lemma":"été","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of avions","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"semblable","lemma":"semblable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies été","gloss":"just like this"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s2-l4","source":"Lorsque j'en devins amoureux!","translation":"when I first fell in love with her!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"j'en devins amoureux","title":"«devenir amoureux de» + «en»","body":"«devenir amoureux de quelqu'un» = 'to fall in love with someone'. The pronoun «en» stands in for «d'elle» ('with her'): «j'en devins amoureux» = 'I fell in love with her'. «devins» is the passé simple of «devenir» ('to become'), the literary past used for single completed actions."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lorsque","lemma":"lorsque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of devins","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"j'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of devins","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on amoureux (of her)","gloss":"of her"},{"surface":"devins","lemma":"devenir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"amoureux","lemma":"amoureux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective with devins","gloss":"in love"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s3-l1","source":"L'horrible soif qui me déchire","translation":"The horrible thirst that rends me","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of soif","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"horrible","lemma":"horrible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies soif","gloss":"horrible"},{"surface":"soif","lemma":"soif","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thirst"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of déchire","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of déchire","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"déchire","lemma":"déchirer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on soif","gloss":"rends"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s3-l2","source":"Aurait besoin pour s'assouvir","translation":"would need, in order to be slaked,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"pour s'assouvir","title":"Reflexive «s'assouvir»","body":"«assouvir» = 'to satisfy, to quench (a hunger or thirst)'; the reflexive «s'assouvir» = 'to be sated, to slake itself'. «pour s'assouvir» = 'in order to be slaked'. «Aurait besoin» is the conditional of «avoir besoin de» ('to need') — the thirst would need."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aurait","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"verb, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: soif, previous line)","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"besoin","lemma":"besoin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Aurait","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of assouvir","gloss":"in order to"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on assouvir","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"assouvir","lemma":"assouvir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on Aurait","gloss":"be slaked"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s3-l3","source":"D'autant de vin qu'en peut tenir","translation":"as much wine as could be held","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"D'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the idiom autant de","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"autant","lemma":"autant","morphology":"adverb","role":"quantifier correlating with qu' (autant...que)","gloss":"as much"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vin","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vin","lemma":"vin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of peut","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on tenir (of it, the wine)","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"peut","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause verb; subject is tombeau (next segment)","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"tenir","lemma":"tenir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of peut","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s3-l4","source":"Son tombeau; — ce n'est pas peu dire:","translation":"by her tomb; — and that is saying plenty:","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ce n'est pas peu dire","title":"ce n'est pas peu dire","body":"«ce n'est pas peu dire» is a set phrase = 'that's saying a lot / no small thing'. By litotes (understatement), the murderer boasts of the monstrous scale of his thirst: it would take all the wine her tomb could hold — «ce n'est pas peu dire»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tombeau","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"tombeau","lemma":"tombeau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of peut (previous line)","gloss":"tomb"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies est","gloss":"not","note":"ne...pas negates est."},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking ce to dire","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies est (with ne)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"peu","lemma":"peu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dire","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"dire","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"predicate complement of est","gloss":"to say","note":"'ce n'est pas peu dire' = 'that's saying a lot,' idiom."}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s4-l1","source":"Je l'ai jetée au fond d'un puits,","translation":"I threw her down to the bottom of a well,","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Je l'ai jetée","title":"Past-participle agreement with «la»","body":"With «avoir», the past participle agrees with a preceding direct object. Here the object «l'» = «la» (his wife, feminine), so «jeté» takes a feminine -e: «je l'ai jetée» = 'I threw her'. The silent agreement is visible only in writing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of jetée","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of jetée","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"depends on jetée","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"jetée","lemma":"jeter","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fond","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"fond","lemma":"fond","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of jetée","gloss":"bottom"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking puits","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of puits","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"puits","lemma":"puits","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fond","gloss":"well"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s4-l2","source":"Et j'ai même poussé sur elle","translation":"and I even shoved down on top of her","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"j'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of poussé","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"depends on poussé","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"même","lemma":"même","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies poussé","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"poussé","lemma":"pousser","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shoved"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking elle","gloss":"on top of"},{"surface":"elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of poussé","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s4-l3","source":"Tous les pavés de la margelle.","translation":"all the paving-stones of the well's rim.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la margelle","title":"margelle (f.)","body":"«la margelle» is the stone curb or coping that rings the mouth of a well. «les pavés de la margelle» = 'the paving-stones of the well's rim' — the very stones he pries loose and heaps down onto the body to bury it under water."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tous","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pavés","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pavés","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pavés","lemma":"pavé","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"paving-stones"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking margelle","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of margelle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"margelle","lemma":"margelle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies pavés","gloss":"well's rim"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s4-l4","source":"— Je l'oublierai si je le puis!","translation":"— I will forget her if I can!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of oublierai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of oublierai","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"oublierai","lemma":"oublier","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will forget"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of puis","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of puis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of puis","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"puis","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"can"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s5-l1","source":"Au nom des serments de tendresse,","translation":"In the name of the vows of tenderness,","stanza":5,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nom","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"nom","lemma":"nom","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking serments","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"serments","lemma":"serment","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies nom","gloss":"vows"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tendresse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tendresse","lemma":"tendresse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies serments","gloss":"tenderness"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s5-l2","source":"Dont rien ne peut nous délier,","translation":"from which nothing can release us,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dont rien ne peut nous délier","title":"Relative «dont» (de + which)","body":"«dont» replaces «de» + a noun — here 'from which'. «délier de» = 'to release / untie from'; «Dont rien ne peut nous délier» = 'from which nothing can free us'. The vows bind the couple together even in murder."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique argument of délier, refers to serments","gloss":"from which"},{"surface":"rien","lemma":"rien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of peut","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies peut","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"peut","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of délier","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"délier","lemma":"délier","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of peut","gloss":"release"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s5-l3","source":"Et pour nous réconcilier","translation":"and so as to reconcile us","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of réconcilier","gloss":"so as to"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of réconcilier","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"réconcilier","lemma":"réconcilier","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reconcile"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s5-l4","source":"Comme au beau temps de notre ivresse,","translation":"as in the fair days of our drunkenness,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking temps","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking temps","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"beau","lemma":"beau","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies temps","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"temps","lemma":"temps","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ivresse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"notre","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ivresse","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ivresse","lemma":"ivresse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies temps","gloss":"drunkenness"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s6-l1","source":"J'implorai d'elle un rendez-vous,","translation":"I begged of her a rendezvous,","stanza":6,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"J'implorai","title":"Passé simple «implorai»","body":"«implorer» = 'to beg, to implore'. «J'implorai» is the passé simple (literary narrative past) of the first-person singular, ending in -ai. From here the stanza recounts the lure of the meeting as a chain of single, completed past actions."}],"words":[{"surface":"J'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of implorai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"implorai","lemma":"implorer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"begged"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking elle","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of implorai","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rendez-vous","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rendez-vous","lemma":"rendez-vous","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of implorai","gloss":"rendezvous"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s6-l2","source":"Le soir, sur une route obscure.","translation":"in the evening, on a darkened road.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of soir","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soir","lemma":"soir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking route","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of route","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"route","lemma":"route","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"obscure","lemma":"obscur","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies route","gloss":"darkened"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s6-l3","source":"Elle y vint — folle créature!","translation":"She came there — the mad creature!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Elle y vint","title":"«y» + passé simple «vint»","body":"«y» = 'there', standing in for «sur cette route» ('to that road'). «vint» is the passé simple of «venir» ('to come'). «Elle y vint» = 'she came there'. The curt verb lands the trap: she walked into it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of vint","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"y","lemma":"y","morphology":"pronoun","role":"locative complement of vint","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"vint","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"folle","lemma":"fou","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies créature","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"créature","lemma":"créature","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"exclamatory apposition to Elle","gloss":"creature"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s6-l4","source":"Nous sommes tous plus ou moins fous!","translation":"We are all of us more or less mad!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of sommes","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"sommes","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"copula linking to fous","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"tous","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Nous","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fous","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"moins","lemma":"moins","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with plus","gloss":"less"},{"surface":"fous","lemma":"fou","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate adjective with sommes","gloss":"mad"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s7-l1","source":"Elle était encore jolie,","translation":"She was still pretty,","stanza":7,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of était","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"était","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to jolie","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"encore","lemma":"encore","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jolie","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"jolie","lemma":"joli","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective with était","gloss":"pretty"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s7-l2","source":"Quoique bien fatiguée! et moi,","translation":"though very worn out! and I,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Quoique bien fatiguée","title":"«quoique» (although)","body":"«quoique» = 'although, even though' and properly takes the subjunctive; in speech and verse it often shortens to an elliptical phrase with the verb dropped: «quoique bien fatiguée» = 'although (she was) very tired'. «bien» here intensifies — 'quite, very'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Quoique","lemma":"quoique","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the concessive clause of fatiguée","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fatiguée","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"fatiguée","lemma":"fatigué","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"worn out"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"moi","lemma":"moi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"emphatic subject continuing into aimais (next segment)","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s7-l3","source":"Je l'aimais trop! voilà pourquoi","translation":"I loved her too much! that is why","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of aimais","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of aimais","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"aimais","lemma":"aimer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"trop","lemma":"trop","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies aimais","gloss":"too much"},{"surface":"voilà","lemma":"voilà","morphology":"presentative particle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"that is"},{"surface":"pourquoi","lemma":"pourquoi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voilà","gloss":"why"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s7-l4","source":"Je lui dis: Sors de cette vie!","translation":"I said to her: Get out of this life!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sors de cette vie!","title":"Imperative «sors»","body":"«sors» is the «tu» imperative of «sortir» ('to go out, to leave'); «sortir de» = 'to get out of'. «Sors de cette vie!» = 'Get out of this life!' — a death sentence pronounced as a command, the moment of the murder."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of dis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of dis","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"dis","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"Sors","lemma":"sortir","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"quoted imperative, object clause of dis","gloss":"get out"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vie","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cette","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of vie","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"vie","lemma":"vie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Sors","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s8-l1","source":"Nul ne peut me comprendre. Un seul","translation":"No one can understand me. Has a single one,","stanza":8,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Nul ne peut","title":"«nul ne» (no one)","body":"«nul» as a subject pronoun = 'no one', a formal equivalent of «personne», paired with «ne»: «Nul ne peut me comprendre» = 'No one can understand me'. «Un seul» ('a single one') then opens the question that runs across the rest of the stanza."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nul","lemma":"nul","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of peut","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies peut","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"peut","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of comprendre","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"comprendre","lemma":"comprendre","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of peut","gloss":"understand"},{"surface":"Un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of seul","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"seul","lemma":"seul","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Songea (next segment)","gloss":"single one"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s8-l2","source":"Parmi ces ivrognes stupides","translation":"among these stupid drunkards,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Parmi","lemma":"parmi","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ivrognes","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ivrognes","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ivrognes","lemma":"ivrogne","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"drunkards"},{"surface":"stupides","lemma":"stupide","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies ivrognes","gloss":"stupid"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s8-l3","source":"Songea-t-il dans ses nuits morbides","translation":"ever dreamed, in his morbid nights,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Songea-t-il","title":"Inversion «songea-t-il»","body":"«songer (à)» = 'to dream, to think (of)'. The question inverts verb and subject; the inserted «-t-» is a euphonic buffer between two vowels: «songea-t-il» = 'did he dream… ?'. In the passé simple, it asks whether any of these drunkards ever conceived such a thing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Songea","lemma":"songer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dreamed"},{"surface":"-t","lemma":"-t-","morphology":"euphonic linking consonant","role":"no independent meaning; links Songea and il","gloss":"(link)"},{"surface":"-il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Songea","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuits","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of nuits","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"nuits","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Songea","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"morbides","lemma":"morbide","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies nuits","gloss":"morbid"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s8-l4","source":"À faire du vin un linceul?","translation":"of making a shroud out of wine?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un linceul","title":"linceul (m.)","body":"«un linceul» = 'a shroud, a winding-sheet', the cloth wrapping a corpse. «faire du vin un linceul» = 'to make a shroud out of wine' — to use drink itself to bury the deed and the memory. «faire de X un Y» = 'to make a Y out of X'."}],"words":[{"surface":"À","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of faire","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"faire","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"making"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vin","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"vin","lemma":"vin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of faire","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of linceul","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"linceul","lemma":"linceul","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of faire","gloss":"shroud"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s9-l1","source":"Cette crapule invulnérable","translation":"This invulnerable rabble,","stanza":9,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Cette crapule","title":"crapule (f.)","body":"«la crapule» means both 'a scoundrel' and, collectively, 'the drunken rabble, the dregs'. Here it is the herd of insensible drinkers, «invulnérable» like cold machinery — a crowd that has never known true love and so could never imagine his crime."}],"words":[{"surface":"Cette","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of crapule","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"crapule","lemma":"crapule","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"rabble"},{"surface":"invulnérable","lemma":"invulnérable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies crapule","gloss":"invulnerable"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s9-l2","source":"Comme les machines de fer","translation":"like the engines of iron,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking machines","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of machines","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"machines","lemma":"machine","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"engines"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fer","lemma":"fer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies machines","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s9-l3","source":"Jamais, ni l'été ni l'hiver,","translation":"never, neither in summer nor in winter,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jamais","lemma":"jamais","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of été","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"été","lemma":"été","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with hiver","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of hiver","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hiver","lemma":"hiver","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with été","gloss":"winter"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s9-l4","source":"N'a connu l'amour véritable,","translation":"has known true love,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"N'a connu l'amour","title":"«ne… jamais» + «connaître»","body":"The negation «ne… jamais» ('never') is split across the lines: «Jamais… N'a connu» = 'has never known'. «connaître» = 'to know, to be acquainted with' (a person or feeling), as opposed to «savoir» (to know a fact). This «crapule» has never known «l'amour véritable» — true love."}],"words":[{"surface":"N'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies connu","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on connu","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"connu","lemma":"connaître","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of amour","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"amour","lemma":"amour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of connu","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"véritable","lemma":"véritable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies amour","gloss":"true"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s10-l1","source":"Avec ses noirs enchantements,","translation":"with its black enchantments,","stanza":10,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enchantements","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of enchantements","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"noirs","lemma":"noir","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies enchantements","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"enchantements","lemma":"enchantement","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"enchantments"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s10-l2","source":"Son cortège infernal d'alarmes,","translation":"its infernal train of alarms,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Son cortège infernal","title":"cortège (m.)","body":"«un cortège» = 'a procession, a retinue, a train' — the entourage that follows behind. «son cortège infernal d'alarmes» = 'its hellish train of alarms'; love drags along after it a whole procession of dread, poison-vials, tears, and rattling chains in the lines that follow."}],"words":[{"surface":"Son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of cortège","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"cortège","lemma":"cortège","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"train"},{"surface":"infernal","lemma":"infernal","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cortège","gloss":"infernal"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alarmes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"alarmes","lemma":"alarme","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cortège","gloss":"alarms"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s10-l3","source":"Ses fioles de poison, ses larmes,","translation":"its vials of poison, its tears,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fioles","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"fioles","lemma":"fiole","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"vials"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking poison","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"poison","lemma":"poison","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies fioles","gloss":"poison"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of larmes","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"larmes","lemma":"larme","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with fioles","gloss":"tears"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s10-l4","source":"Ses bruits de chaîne et d'ossements!","translation":"its noise of chains and of bones!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bruits","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"bruits","lemma":"bruit","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"noise"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chaîne","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"chaîne","lemma":"chaîne","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bruits","gloss":"chain"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ossements","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ossements","lemma":"ossement","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with chaîne","gloss":"bones"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s11-l1","source":"— Me voilà libre et solitaire!","translation":"— Here I am, free and alone!","stanza":11,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Me voilà","title":"«me voilà» (here I am)","body":"«voilà» = 'there is / behold', and «voici» 'here is'. With a pronoun, «me voilà» = 'here I am'. It presents the speaker to view as if pointing at himself: «Me voilà libre et solitaire!» — 'Here I am, free and alone!'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of voilà","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"voilà","lemma":"voilà","morphology":"presentative particle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"here is"},{"surface":"libre","lemma":"libre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective with voilà","gloss":"free"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"solitaire","lemma":"solitaire","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with libre","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s11-l2","source":"Je serai ce soir ivre mort;","translation":"Tonight I will be dead drunk;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ivre mort","title":"ivre mort","body":"«ivre mort» = 'dead drunk', literally 'drunk-dead' — «ivre» ('drunk') intensified by «mort» ('dead'). The grim pun is exact: he plans to drink himself into a deathlike stupor on the very night he has dealt out a real death. «Je serai» is the future of «être»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of serai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"serai","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to ivre mort","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of soir","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"soir","lemma":"soir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adverbial of serai","gloss":"tonight"},{"surface":"ivre","lemma":"ivre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"predicate adjective with serai","gloss":"drunk"},{"surface":"mort","lemma":"mort","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"intensifies ivre (fixed phrase ivre mort)","gloss":"dead","note":"'ivre mort' is a fixed idiom: dead drunk."}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s11-l3","source":"Alors, sans peur et sans remords,","translation":"then, without fear and without remorse,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Alors","lemma":"alors","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking peur","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"peur","lemma":"peur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of sans","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking remords","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"remords","lemma":"remords","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with peur","gloss":"remorse"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s11-l4","source":"Je me coucherai sur la terre,","translation":"I will lie down upon the ground,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Je me coucherai","title":"Reflexive «se coucher»","body":"«coucher» = 'to lay down (something)'; the reflexive «se coucher» = 'to lie down, to go to bed'. «Je me coucherai sur la terre» = 'I will lie down on the ground'. The reflexive «me» turns the verb back on the subject — he lays himself down in the dirt."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of coucherai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on coucherai","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"coucherai","lemma":"coucher","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will lie down"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking terre","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of terre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"terre","lemma":"terre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of coucherai","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s12-l1","source":"Et je dormirai comme un chien!","translation":"and I will sleep like a dog!","stanza":12,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of dormirai","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"dormirai","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will sleep"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chien","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of chien","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"chien","lemma":"chien","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of dormirai","gloss":"dog"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s12-l2","source":"Le chariot aux lourdes roues","translation":"The cart with its heavy wheels,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of chariot","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chariot","lemma":"chariot","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cart"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking roues","gloss":"with its"},{"surface":"lourdes","lemma":"lourd","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies roues","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"roues","lemma":"roue","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies chariot","gloss":"wheels"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s12-l3","source":"Chargé de pierres et de boues,","translation":"loaded with stones and with mud,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chargé","lemma":"charger","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"participial phrase modifying chariot/wagon","gloss":"loaded"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pierres","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"pierres","lemma":"pierre","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Chargé","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boues","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"boues","lemma":"boue","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with pierres","gloss":"mud"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s12-l4","source":"Le wagon enragé peut bien","translation":"the raging wagon may well","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"peut bien","title":"«pouvoir bien» (concessive)","body":"«pouvoir bien (faire)» = 'may well (do), can quite freely (do)' — a concessive use that grants the possibility with a shrug. «Le wagon… peut bien / Écraser ma tête» = 'the wagon may well crush my head'; the verb «peut» reaches across the stanza break to its infinitive «Écraser»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of wagon","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"wagon","lemma":"wagon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of peut","gloss":"wagon"},{"surface":"enragé","lemma":"enragé","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies wagon","gloss":"raging"},{"surface":"peut","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies peut","gloss":"well"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s13-l1","source":"Ecraser ma tête coupable","translation":"crush my guilty head","stanza":13,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ecraser","lemma":"écraser","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of peut (previous line)","gloss":"crush"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tête","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"tête","lemma":"tête","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Ecraser","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"coupable","lemma":"coupable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies tête","gloss":"guilty"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s13-l2","source":"Ou me couper par le milieu,","translation":"or cut me in two at the middle,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of couper","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"couper","lemma":"couper","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with Ecraser, complement of peut","gloss":"cut"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking milieu","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of milieu","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"milieu","lemma":"milieu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of couper","gloss":"middle"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s13-l3","source":"Je m'en moque comme de Dieu,","translation":"I care no more than I do for God,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Je m'en moque","title":"«se moquer de» / «en»","body":"«se moquer de» = 'to make fun of' or, idiomatically, 'not to care about'. The reflexive «se» plus «en» (= 'of it') gives «je m'en moque» = 'I couldn't care less'. «comme de Dieu» = 'as (I do) of God' — he cares for being crushed exactly as little as he cares for God, the Devil, or the altar."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of moque","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"m'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive marker of moque","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on moque (of it)","gloss":"about it"},{"surface":"moque","lemma":"moquer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"care about"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dieu","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dieu","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Dieu","lemma":"Dieu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique argument of moque","gloss":"God"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"le-vin-de-l-assassin-s13-l4","source":"Du Diable ou de la Sainte Table!","translation":"for the Devil, or the Holy Table!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la Sainte Table","title":"la Sainte Table","body":"«la Sainte Table» — 'the Holy Table' — is the altar or communion rail where the Eucharist is received. Lumping God, the Devil, and the Sainte Table together as equally worthless, the murderer ends in flat blasphemy: nothing sacred or damned holds any weight against his wine."}],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Diable","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Diable","lemma":"diable","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Devil"},{"surface":"ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Sainte Table","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Table","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Sainte","lemma":"saint","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Table","gloss":"Holy"},{"surface":"Table","lemma":"table","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Diable","gloss":"Table"}]}]}