{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"le-vin-des-amants","title":{"source":"Le Vin des amants","translated":"The Lovers' Wine"},"section":"Wine","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-vin-des-amants","lines":14},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-vin-du-solitaire","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/la-destruction","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s1-l1","source":"Aujourd'hui l'espace est splendide!","translation":"Today the open space is splendid!","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"l'espace","title":"«l'espace»","body":"«l'espace» (m.) is space, expanse, the open air — here the whole bright sky the lovers will ride into, not 'outer space'. The exclamation «est splendide!» launches the poem on a single rush of elation, the giddy lift of the wine itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aujourd'hui","lemma":"aujourd'hui","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies est","gloss":"Today"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of espace","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espace","lemma":"espace","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of splendide","gloss":"space"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to splendide","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"splendide","lemma":"splendide","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"splendid"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s1-l2","source":"Sans mors, sans éperons, sans bride,","translation":"Without bit, without spurs, without bridle,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mors, éperons, bride","title":"«mors», «éperons», «bride»","body":"The vocabulary of horsemanship: «mors» (m.) is the bit in the horse's mouth, «éperons» (m.pl.) the spurs, «bride» (f.) the bridle. The threefold «sans... sans... sans...» strips away every instrument of control — the ride on wine answers to no rein."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mors","gloss":"Without"},{"surface":"mors","lemma":"mors","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Sans","gloss":"bit"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking éperons","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"éperons","lemma":"éperon","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of sans","gloss":"spurs"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bride","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"bride","lemma":"bride","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of sans","gloss":"bridle"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s1-l3","source":"Partons à cheval sur le vin","translation":"Let us set off on horseback upon the wine","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Partons","title":"First-person plural imperative «Partons»","body":"«Partons» is the imperative of «partir» (to leave, set off) in the «nous» form: 'let us set off'. French forms this 'let's...' command simply by dropping the pronoun from the present tense. The whole poem rides on these plural commands («Partons», «Suivons», «Nous fuirons»), the two lovers urging each other on."}],"words":[{"surface":"Partons","lemma":"partir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Let us set off"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cheval","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"cheval","lemma":"cheval","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Partons","gloss":"horseback"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vin","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vin","lemma":"vin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of sur","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s1-l4","source":"Pour un ciel féerique et divin!","translation":"Toward a heaven enchanted and divine!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"féerique","title":"«féerique»","body":"«féerique» means fairy-like, magical, enchanted — from «fée» (fairy) and «féerie», a stage spectacle of fairyland. Paired with «divin», it gilds the destination as both a fairy-tale realm and a holy one: the wine-borne ride aims at a heaven that is half enchantment, half godhead."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciel","gloss":"Toward"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ciel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ciel","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Pour","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"féerique","lemma":"féerique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies ciel","gloss":"enchanted"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"divin","lemma":"divin","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with féerique","gloss":"divine"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s2-l1","source":"Comme deux anges que torture","translation":"Like two angels tortured by","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que torture","title":"Inversion: «que torture une calenture»","body":"The relative «que» is the object of «torture»; the subject «une implacable calenture» follows in the next line. French freely inverts verb and subject after a relative pronoun for rhythm and rhyme — read it as «que une implacable calenture torture»: 'whom a relentless fever tortures'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anges","gloss":"Like"},{"surface":"deux","lemma":"deux","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies anges","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"anges","lemma":"ange","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of Comme","gloss":"angels"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"direct object of torture, introduces relative clause on anges","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"torture","lemma":"torturer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause, subject in next segment","gloss":"tortures"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s2-l2","source":"Une implacable calenture","translation":"A relentless burning fever,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"calenture","title":"«calenture»","body":"A «calenture» is a delirious tropical fever once thought to strike sailors in hot seas, who in their raving imagined the ocean a green field and leapt overboard. The word fuses heat, delirium, and a fatal mirage — the very madness that drives the lovers to chase the «mirage lointain» of the same stanza."}],"words":[{"surface":"Une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of calenture","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"implacable","lemma":"implacable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies calenture","gloss":"relentless"},{"surface":"calenture","lemma":"calenture","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of torture (previous line)","gloss":"burning fever","note":"Calenture: a feverish delirium historically associated with sailors in the tropics."}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s2-l3","source":"Dans le bleu cristal du matin","translation":"In the blue crystal of the morning","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cristal","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cristal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bleu","lemma":"bleu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cristal","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"cristal","lemma":"cristal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Dans","gloss":"crystal"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de+le","morphology":"preposition + determiner, masculine, singular","role":"preposition marking matin","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"matin","lemma":"matin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of du, modifies cristal","gloss":"morning"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s2-l4","source":"Suivons le mirage lointain!","translation":"Let us follow the distant mirage!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Suivons","title":"Imperative «Suivons» + «mirage»","body":"«Suivons» is the «nous» imperative of «suivre» (to follow): 'let us follow'. Its object «le mirage lointain» — the distant mirage — is exactly the deceiving vision a «calenture» produces, so the lovers knowingly chase an illusion. The verb echoes «Partons» above, building the poem's chain of shared commands."}],"words":[{"surface":"Suivons","lemma":"suivre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Let us follow"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mirage","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mirage","lemma":"mirage","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Suivons","gloss":"mirage"},{"surface":"lointain","lemma":"lointain","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies mirage","gloss":"distant"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s3-l1","source":"Mollement balancés sur l'aile","translation":"Softly swayed upon the wing","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Mollement balancés","title":"«mollement»; «balancés»","body":"«mollement» means softly, languidly, limply (from «mou/molle», soft). «balancés» is the past participle of «balancer» (to rock, to sway), agreeing with the two lovers: 'softly swayed'. After the feverish second stanza the motion turns gentle, the lovers cradled on the wing of the whirlwind."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mollement","lemma":"mollement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies balancés","gloss":"Softly"},{"surface":"balancés","lemma":"balancer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies an implied nous (subject of Suivons)","gloss":"swayed"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aile","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of aile","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aile","lemma":"aile","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of balancés","gloss":"wing"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s3-l2","source":"Du tourbillon intelligent,","translation":"Of the intelligent whirlwind,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tourbillon intelligent","title":"«tourbillon»","body":"A «tourbillon» is a whirlwind, vortex, or swirl. Calling it «intelligent» — knowing, purposeful — gives the drunken updraft a will of its own, as if the wine's spinning rapture steers the lovers deliberately toward the paradise it has promised."}],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"de+le","morphology":"preposition + determiner, masculine, singular","role":"preposition marking tourbillon","gloss":"Of the"},{"surface":"tourbillon","lemma":"tourbillon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Du, modifies aile","gloss":"whirlwind"},{"surface":"intelligent","lemma":"intelligent","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tourbillon","gloss":"intelligent"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s3-l3","source":"Dans un délire parallèle,","translation":"In a parallel delirium,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking délire","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of délire","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"délire","lemma":"délire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Dans","gloss":"delirium"},{"surface":"parallèle","lemma":"parallèle","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies délire","gloss":"parallel"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s4-l1","source":"Ma soeur, côte à côte nageant,","translation":"My sister, swimming side by side,","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ma soeur","title":"«Ma soeur» as endearment","body":"«Ma soeur» literally means 'my sister', but here it is a term of intimate address for the beloved, fusing lover and kindred spirit. «côte à côte» is the set phrase 'side by side', and «nageant» is the present participle of «nager» (to swim), so the two glide through the air as if through water."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of soeur","gloss":"My"},{"surface":"soeur","lemma":"soeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, addressee","gloss":"sister"},{"surface":"côte","lemma":"côte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the fixed expression côte à côte","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition linking côte à côte","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"côte","lemma":"côte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"part of the fixed expression côte à côte","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"nageant","lemma":"nager","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"modifies an implied nous (subject of fuirons)","gloss":"swimming"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s4-l2","source":"Nous fuirons sans repos ni trêves","translation":"We shall flee without rest or respite","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Nous fuirons","title":"Future «fuirons»; «sans X ni Y»","body":"«fuirons» is the future tense of «fuir» (to flee): 'we shall flee'. The poem's imperatives finally resolve into this promise of unending flight. «sans repos ni trêves» is the «sans X ni Y» pattern — «ni» coordinates the second noun inside the scope of «sans»: 'without rest or truce' — no pause, no respite, ever."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of fuirons","gloss":"We"},{"surface":"fuirons","lemma":"fuir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shall flee"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking repos","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"repos","lemma":"repos","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of sans","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"trêves","lemma":"trêve","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with repos","gloss":"respite"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"le-vin-des-amants-s4-l3","source":"Vers le paradis de mes rêves!","translation":"Toward the paradise of my dreams!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vers","lemma":"vers","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paradis","gloss":"Toward"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paradis","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"paradis","lemma":"paradis","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Vers","gloss":"paradise"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rêves","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mes","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of rêves","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"rêves","lemma":"rêve","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of de, modifies paradis","gloss":"dreams"}]}]}