{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"le-voyage","title":{"source":"Le Voyage","translated":"The Voyage"},"section":"Death","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-voyage","lines":155},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-reve-d-un-curieux","next":null,"license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"le-voyage-s1-l1","source":"À Maxime du Camp","translation":"To Maxime du Camp","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"À","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Maxime","gloss":"To"},{"surface":"Maxime","lemma":"Maxime","morphology":"proper noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Maxime"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"particle in the surname du Camp","gloss":"du","note":"'du Camp' is the dedicatee's surname (Maxime du Camp)."},{"surface":"Camp","lemma":"Camp","morphology":"proper noun, masculine, singular","role":"part of the surname, modifies Maxime","gloss":"Camp"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"le-voyage-s2-l1","source":"I","translation":"I","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"I","morphology":"numeral, Roman","role":"section heading (Part One)","gloss":"One"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"le-voyage-s3-l1","source":"Pour l'enfant, amoureux de cartes et d'estampes,","translation":"For the child, in love with maps and prints,","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"amoureux de","title":"amoureux de","body":"«amoureux de» = 'in love with, enamored of'. Here it modifies «l'enfant» and takes its object with «de»: the child enamored «de cartes et d'estampes» — of maps and engravings. The whole poem grows from this single appetite, the child's globe shrinking as the eye of memory replaces it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enfant","gloss":"For"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of enfant","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"enfant","lemma":"enfant","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"amoureux","lemma":"amoureux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to enfant","gloss":"in love"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cartes","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"cartes","lemma":"carte","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies amoureux","gloss":"maps"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking estampes","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"estampes","lemma":"estampe","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with cartes","gloss":"prints"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"le-voyage-s3-l2","source":"L'univers est égal à son vaste appétit.","translation":"the universe is equal to his vast appetite.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of univers","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"univers","lemma":"univers","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of égal","gloss":"universe"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to égal","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"égal","lemma":"égal","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking appétit","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of appétit","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vaste","lemma":"vaste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies appétit","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"appétit","lemma":"appétit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of égal","gloss":"appetite"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"le-voyage-s3-l3","source":"Ah! que le monde est grand à la clarté des lampes!","translation":"Ah! how great the world is by lamplight!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que le monde est grand","title":"Exclamatory «que»","body":"«que» before an adjective makes an exclamation of degree — 'how...!'. «que le monde est grand» = 'how great the world is', answered next line by «que le monde est petit» ('how small the world is'). The mirrored exclamations frame the poem's whole arc: vast by lamplight, tiny once seen."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ah","lemma":"ah","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"adverb, exclamative","role":"introduces the exclamative clause of grand","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of grand","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to grand","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"grand","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking clarté","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of clarté","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"clarté","lemma":"clarté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of grand","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lampes","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"lampes","lemma":"lampe","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies clarté","gloss":"lamps"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"le-voyage-s3-l4","source":"Aux yeux du souvenir que le monde est petit!","translation":"to the eyes of memory how small the world is!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yeux","gloss":"To the"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking souvenir","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"souvenir","lemma":"souvenir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies yeux","gloss":"memory"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"adverb, exclamative","role":"introduces the exclamative clause of petit","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of petit","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to petit","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"petit","lemma":"petit","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"small"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"le-voyage-s4-l1","source":"Un matin nous partons, le cerveau plein de flamme,","translation":"One morning we set out, the brain full of flame,","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of matin","gloss":"One"},{"surface":"matin","lemma":"matin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adjunct of partons","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of partons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"partons","lemma":"partir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cerveau","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cerveau","lemma":"cerveau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"absolute construction, depends on partons","gloss":"brain"},{"surface":"plein","lemma":"plein","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cerveau","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flamme","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"flamme","lemma":"flamme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies plein","gloss":"flame"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"le-voyage-s4-l2","source":"Le coeur gros de rancune et de désirs amers,","translation":"the heart swollen with rancor and bitter desires,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gros de","title":"gros de","body":"«gros de» = 'swollen with, heavy with, big with' — the same idiom as «gros de» a coming storm or «grosse» with child. The heart is not merely full but distended with «rancune» (rancor) and «désirs amers» (bitter desires): the departure is driven by grievance, not joy."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"gros","lemma":"gros","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies coeur","gloss":"swollen"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rancune","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"rancune","lemma":"rancune","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gros","gloss":"rancor"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking désirs","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"désirs","lemma":"désir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with rancune","gloss":"desires"},{"surface":"amers","lemma":"amer","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies désirs","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"le-voyage-s4-l3","source":"Et nous allons, suivant le rythme de la lame,","translation":"and on we go, following the rhythm of the wave,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of allons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"allons","lemma":"aller","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"suivant","lemma":"suivre","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"adverbial clause on allons","gloss":"following"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rythme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rythme","lemma":"rythme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of suivant","gloss":"rhythm"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lame","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of lame","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lame","lemma":"lame","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies rythme","gloss":"wave"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"le-voyage-s4-l4","source":"Berçant notre infini sur le fini des mers:","translation":"cradling our infinite upon the finite of the seas:","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Berçant","title":"Present participle «berçant»","body":"«bercer» = 'to rock, to cradle, to lull'; «berçant» is its present participle, here describing «nous» as we go. Baudelaire then plays adjectives as nouns — «notre infini» ('our infinite') rocked «sur le fini des mers» ('upon the finite of the seas') — setting the infinite longing against the measurable sea that carries it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Berçant","lemma":"bercer","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"adverbial clause on allons, coordinated with suivant","gloss":"cradling"},{"surface":"notre","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of infini","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"infini","lemma":"infini","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Berçant","gloss":"infinite"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fini","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fini","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fini","lemma":"fini","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Berçant","gloss":"finite"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mers","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mers","lemma":"mer","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies fini","gloss":"seas"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"le-voyage-s5-l1","source":"Les uns, joyeux de fuir une patrie infâme;","translation":"Some, glad to flee a vile homeland;","stanza":5,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of uns","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"uns","lemma":"un","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of the implied verb (parallel to D'autres)","gloss":"some","note":"'Les uns... D'autres...' contrasts two groups; the main verb of departure is understood, not stated."},{"surface":"joyeux","lemma":"joyeux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies uns","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive clause of fuir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fuir","lemma":"fuir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of joyeux","gloss":"flee"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of patrie","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"patrie","lemma":"patrie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of fuir","gloss":"homeland"},{"surface":"infâme","lemma":"infâme","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies patrie","gloss":"infamous"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"le-voyage-s5-l2","source":"D'autres, l'horreur de leurs berceaux, et quelques-uns,","translation":"others, the horror of their cradles, and a few,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Les uns ... D'autres","title":"«les uns ... d'autres»","body":"«les uns ... les autres / d'autres» is the standard French pairing for 'some ... others'. Here it sorts the travelers into three kinds across the stanza — «Les uns» fleeing a homeland, «D'autres» fleeing their cradles, «quelques-uns» ('a few') drowned in a woman's eyes — before the next stanza explains how they keep from turning to beasts."}],"words":[{"surface":"D'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"particle of the pronoun d'autres","gloss":"of","note":"'d'autres' together means 'others'."},{"surface":"autres","lemma":"autre","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"head of the phrase, coordinated with uns","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of horreur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"horreur","lemma":"horreur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with patrie (object of the implied verb)","gloss":"horror"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking berceaux","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of berceaux","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"berceaux","lemma":"berceau","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies horreur","gloss":"cradles"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"quelques-uns","lemma":"quelques-uns","morphology":"pronoun","role":"coordinated with autres","gloss":"a few"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"le-voyage-s5-l3","source":"Astrologues noyés dans les yeux d'une femme,","translation":"astrologers drowned in the eyes of a woman,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Astrologues","lemma":"astrologue","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to quelques-uns","gloss":"Astrologers"},{"surface":"noyés","lemma":"noyer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying Astrologues","gloss":"drowned"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yeux","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of yeux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"depends on noyés","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking femme","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of femme","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"femme","lemma":"femme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies yeux","gloss":"woman"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"le-voyage-s5-l4","source":"La Circé tyrannique aux dangereux parfums.","translation":"the tyrannical Circe of dangerous perfumes.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Circé","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Circé","lemma":"Circé","morphology":"proper noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to femme","gloss":"Circe"},{"surface":"tyrannique","lemma":"tyrannique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Circé","gloss":"tyrannical"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking parfums","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dangereux","lemma":"dangereux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies parfums","gloss":"dangerous"},{"surface":"parfums","lemma":"parfum","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Circé","gloss":"perfumes"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"le-voyage-s6-l1","source":"Pour n'être pas changés en bêtes, ils s'enivrent","translation":"So as not to be changed into beasts, they get drunk","stanza":6,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ils s'enivrent","title":"Reflexive «s'enivrer»","body":"«s'enivrer» is the pronominal verb 'to get drunk, to intoxicate oneself' (from «ivre», 'drunk'); the reflexive «s'» turns active «enivrer» ('to make drunk') back on the subject. They intoxicate themselves «de» — on space, light, and burning skies — the «de» marking what they drink in."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive clause of changés","gloss":"So as"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies changés","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"être","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"passive auxiliary of changés","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies changés","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"changés","lemma":"changer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"passive infinitive complement of Pour","gloss":"changed"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bêtes","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"bêtes","lemma":"bête","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"depends on changés","gloss":"beasts"},{"surface":"ils","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of enivrent","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on enivrent","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"enivrent","lemma":"enivrer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"get drunk"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"le-voyage-s6-l2","source":"D'espace et de lumière et de cieux embrasés;","translation":"on space and light and skies set ablaze;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"D'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking espace","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"espace","lemma":"espace","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"space"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lumière","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"lumière","lemma":"lumière","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with espace","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cieux","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"cieux","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with lumière","gloss":"skies"},{"surface":"embrasés","lemma":"embrasé","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cieux","gloss":"ablaze"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"le-voyage-s6-l3","source":"La glace qui les mord, les soleils qui les cuivrent,","translation":"the ice that bites them, the suns that bronze them,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of glace","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"glace","lemma":"glace","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ice"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of mord","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of mord","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"mord","lemma":"mordre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on glace","gloss":"bites"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of soleils","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soleils","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with glace","gloss":"suns"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of cuivrent","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of cuivrent","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"cuivrent","lemma":"cuivrer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on soleils","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"le-voyage-s6-l4","source":"Effacent lentement la marque des baisers.","translation":"slowly efface the mark of kisses.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Effacent","lemma":"effacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: la glace...les soleils)","gloss":"efface"},{"surface":"lentement","lemma":"lentement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Effacent","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of marque","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"marque","lemma":"marque","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Effacent","gloss":"mark"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking baisers","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"baisers","lemma":"baiser","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies marque","gloss":"kisses"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"le-voyage-s7-l1","source":"Mais les vrais voyageurs sont ceux-là seuls qui partent","translation":"But the true travelers are those alone who leave","stanza":7,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Mais","lemma":"mais","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voyageurs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vrais","lemma":"vrai","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies voyageurs","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"voyageurs","lemma":"voyageur","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of sont","gloss":"travelers"},{"surface":"sont","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to ceux","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ceux","lemma":"celui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"-là","lemma":"-là","morphology":"particle","role":"demonstrative suffix on ceux","gloss":"there","note":"'-là' just reinforces the demonstrative 'ceux' ('those (right) there')."},{"surface":"seuls","lemma":"seul","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ceux-là (those alone)","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of partent","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"partent","lemma":"partir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on ceux-là","gloss":"leave"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"le-voyage-s7-l2","source":"Pour partir; coeurs légers, semblables aux ballons,","translation":"to leave; light hearts, like balloons,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive clause of partir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"partir","lemma":"partir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Pour","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"coeurs","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to ceux-là","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"légers","lemma":"léger","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies coeurs","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"semblables","lemma":"semblable","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies coeurs","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ballons","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ballons","lemma":"ballon","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies semblables","gloss":"balloons"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"le-voyage-s7-l3","source":"De leur fatalité jamais ils ne s'écartent,","translation":"from their fate they never swerve aside,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ils ne s'écartent","title":"Reflexive «s'écarter de» + inversion","body":"«s'écarter de» = 'to move away from, to deviate from'. The object is fronted for emphasis — «De leur fatalité ... ils ne s'écartent» ('from their fate ... they never swerve') — so the prepositional phrase leads and the verb follows: the true travelers never stray from the doom that drives them."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fatalité","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"leur","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of fatalité","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"fatalité","lemma":"fatalité","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"depends on écartent","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"jamais","lemma":"jamais","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies écartent","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ils","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of écartent","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies écartent, paired with jamais","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on écartent","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"écartent","lemma":"écarter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swerve aside"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"le-voyage-s7-l4","source":"Et, sans savoir pourquoi, disent toujours: Allons!","translation":"and, without knowing why, always say: Let's go!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the adverbial clause of disent","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"savoir","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"part of the phrase sans","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"pourquoi","lemma":"pourquoi","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of savoir","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"disent","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"toujours","lemma":"toujours","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies disent","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"Allons","lemma":"aller","morphology":"verb, imperative, first-person, plural","role":"quoted exclamation, object of disent","gloss":"Let's go!"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"le-voyage-s8-l1","source":"Ceux-là dont les désirs ont la forme des nues,","translation":"Those whose desires have the shape of clouds,","stanza":8,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ceux-là dont","title":"Relative «dont»","body":"«dont» is the relative pronoun standing for «de qui / de quoi» — 'whose, of whom, of which'. «Ceux-là dont les désirs...» = 'those whose desires...'; it returns in line 4 as «dont l'esprit humain n'a jamais su le nom» ('whose name the human mind has never known'), binding the cloud-shaped longings to their namelessness."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ceux","lemma":"celui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase, resuming ceux-là / the true travelers (s7-l1), not coeurs","gloss":"Those"},{"surface":"-là","lemma":"-là","morphology":"particle","role":"demonstrative suffix on Ceux","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun","role":"possessive relative pronoun referring to Ceux-là","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of désirs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"désirs","lemma":"désir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of ont","gloss":"desires"},{"surface":"ont","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of forme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"forme","lemma":"forme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of ont","gloss":"shape"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nues","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nues","lemma":"nue","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies forme","gloss":"clouds"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"le-voyage-s8-l2","source":"Et qui rêvent, ainsi qu'un conscrit le canon,","translation":"and who dream, as a conscript dreams the cannon,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of rêvent, referring to Ceux-là","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"rêvent","lemma":"rêver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the comparison ainsi que","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase ainsi (ainsi que = just as)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of conscrit","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"conscrit","lemma":"conscrit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of the elided verb rêve (parallel to rêvent)","gloss":"conscript"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of canon","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"canon","lemma":"canon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of the elided verb rêve","gloss":"cannon"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"le-voyage-s8-l3","source":"De vastes voluptés, changeantes, inconnues,","translation":"of vast delights, shifting, unknown,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voluptés (object of rêvent)","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vastes","lemma":"vaste","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies voluptés","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"voluptés","lemma":"volupté","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of de/rêvent","gloss":"delights"},{"surface":"changeantes","lemma":"changeant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies voluptés","gloss":"shifting"},{"surface":"inconnues","lemma":"inconnu","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with changeantes","gloss":"unknown"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"le-voyage-s8-l4","source":"Et dont l'esprit humain n'a jamais su le nom!","translation":"and whose name the human mind has never known!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun referring to voluptés, depends on su","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esprit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esprit","lemma":"esprit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of su","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"humain","lemma":"humain","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies esprit","gloss":"human"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies su, paired with jamais","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on su","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"jamais","lemma":"jamais","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies su","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"su","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"known"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nom","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nom","lemma":"nom","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of su","gloss":"name"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"le-voyage-s9-l1","source":"II","translation":"II","stanza":9,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"II","lemma":"II","morphology":"numeral, Roman","role":"section heading (Part Two)","gloss":"Two"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"le-voyage-s10-l1","source":"Nous imitons, horreur! la toupie et la boule","translation":"We imitate, what horror! the top and the ball","stanza":10,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of imitons","gloss":"We"},{"surface":"imitons","lemma":"imiter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imitate"},{"surface":"horreur","lemma":"horreur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"exclamation (interjection)","gloss":"horror"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of toupie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"toupie","lemma":"toupie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of imitons","gloss":"top"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of boule","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"boule","lemma":"boule","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with toupie","gloss":"ball"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"le-voyage-s10-l2","source":"Dans leur valse et leurs bonds; même dans nos sommeils","translation":"in their waltz and their bounds; even in our slumbers","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking valse","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"leur","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of valse","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"valse","lemma":"valse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"waltz"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bonds","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"bonds","lemma":"bond","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with valse","gloss":"bounds"},{"surface":"même","lemma":"même","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dans nos sommeils","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sommeils","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sommeils","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"sommeils","lemma":"sommeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"slumbers"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"le-voyage-s10-l3","source":"La Curiosité nous tourmente et nous roule","translation":"Curiosity torments us and rolls us along","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Curiosité","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Curiosité","lemma":"curiosité","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of tourmente","gloss":"Curiosity"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of tourmente","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"tourmente","lemma":"tourmenter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"torments"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of roule","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"roule","lemma":"rouler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with tourmente","gloss":"rolls"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"le-voyage-s10-l4","source":"Comme un Ange cruel qui fouette des soleils.","translation":"like a cruel Angel whipping suns onward.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ange","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Ange","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Ange","lemma":"ange","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Comme","gloss":"Angel"},{"surface":"cruel","lemma":"cruel","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Ange","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of fouette","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"fouette","lemma":"fouetter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Ange","gloss":"whips"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of soleils","gloss":"[some]"},{"surface":"soleils","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of fouette","gloss":"suns"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"le-voyage-s11-l1","source":"Singulière fortune où le but se déplace,","translation":"Strange fortune, where the goal keeps shifting,","stanza":11,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le but se déplace","title":"Reflexive «se déplacer»","body":"«se déplacer» = 'to move (itself), to shift'; the pronominal «se» makes the goal move of its own accord rather than being moved. Being «nulle part» ('nowhere'), it «peut être n'importe où» — 'may be anywhere' — the pun on «peut-être» ('perhaps') and «peut être» ('may be') leaves the destination forever just ahead."}],"words":[{"surface":"Singulière","lemma":"singulier","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fortune","gloss":"Strange"},{"surface":"fortune","lemma":"fortune","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fortune"},{"surface":"où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb, relative","role":"introduces the clause of déplace","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of but","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"but","lemma":"but","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of déplace","gloss":"goal"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive marker of déplace","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"déplace","lemma":"déplacer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular, reflexive","role":"relative clause on fortune","gloss":"keeps shifting"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"le-voyage-s11-l2","source":"Et, n'étant nulle part, peut être n'importe où!","translation":"and, being nowhere, may be anywhere at all!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb, negative","role":"negates étant with part","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"étant","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"participial clause, being","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"nulle","lemma":"nul","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies part","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"part","lemma":"part","morphology":"adverb","role":"complement of étant","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"peut","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"être","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of peut","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb, negative","role":"negates importe with n'importe où","gloss":"[n'importe]"},{"surface":"importe","lemma":"importer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"part of idiom n'importe où","gloss":"matters"},{"surface":"où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb","role":"completes idiom n'importe où","gloss":"anywhere"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"le-voyage-s11-l3","source":"Où l'Homme, dont jamais l'espérance n'est lasse,","translation":"where Man, whose hope is never weary,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb, relative","role":"introduces the clause of lasse","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Homme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Homme","lemma":"homme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of court (next line)","gloss":"Man"},{"surface":"dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"modifies espérance, whose","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"jamais","lemma":"jamais","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lasse, never","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of espérance","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"espérance","lemma":"espérance","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of lasse","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb, negative","role":"negates lasse with jamais","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to lasse","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"lasse","lemma":"las","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of espérance","gloss":"weary"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"le-voyage-s11-l4","source":"Pour trouver le repos court toujours comme un fou!","translation":"to find rest forever runs like a madman!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of trouver","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"trouver","lemma":"trouver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose clause on court","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of repos","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"repos","lemma":"repos","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of trouver","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"court","lemma":"courir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: Homme)","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"toujours","lemma":"toujours","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies court","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fou","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fou","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fou","lemma":"fou","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"madman"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"le-voyage-s12-l1","source":"Notre âme est un trois-mâts cherchant son Icarie;","translation":"Our soul is a three-master seeking its Icaria;","stanza":12,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Notre","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of âme","gloss":"Our"},{"surface":"âme","lemma":"âme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to trois-mâts","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of trois-mâts","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"trois-mâts","lemma":"trois-mâts","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun of âme","gloss":"three-master"},{"surface":"cherchant","lemma":"chercher","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"clause modifying trois-mâts","gloss":"seeking"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Icarie","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Icarie","lemma":"Icarie","morphology":"proper noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cherchant","gloss":"Icaria"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"le-voyage-s12-l2","source":"Une voix retentit sur le pont: «Ouvre l'oeil!»","translation":"a voice rings out on the deck: \"Keep watch!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voix","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"voix","lemma":"voix","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of retentit","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"retentit","lemma":"retentir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rings out"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pont","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pont","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pont","lemma":"pont","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of retentit","gloss":"deck"},{"surface":"Ouvre","lemma":"ouvrir","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"quoted imperative, main verb of the exclamation","gloss":"Open"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oeil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oeil","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Ouvre","gloss":"eye"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"le-voyage-s12-l3","source":"Une voix de la hune, ardente et folle, crie:","translation":"a voice from the masthead, ardent and wild, cries:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of voix","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"voix","lemma":"voix","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of crie","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking hune","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of hune","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hune","lemma":"hune","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies voix","gloss":"masthead"},{"surface":"ardente","lemma":"ardent","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies voix","gloss":"ardent"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"folle","lemma":"fou","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with ardente, modifies voix","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"crie","lemma":"crier","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cries"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"le-voyage-s12-l4","source":"«Amour... gloire... bonheur!» Enfer! c'est un écueil!","translation":"\"Love... glory... happiness!\" Hell! it is a reef!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Amour","lemma":"amour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the quoted list","gloss":"Love"},{"surface":"gloire","lemma":"gloire","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Amour","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"bonheur","lemma":"bonheur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Amour","gloss":"happiness"},{"surface":"Enfer","lemma":"enfer","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"interjection","gloss":"Hell"},{"surface":"c'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to écueil","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of écueil","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"écueil","lemma":"écueil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun of c'","gloss":"reef"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"le-voyage-s13-l1","source":"Chaque îlot signalé par l'homme de vigie","translation":"Each islet signaled by the lookout man","stanza":13,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chaque","lemma":"chaque","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of îlot","gloss":"Each"},{"surface":"îlot","lemma":"îlot","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Est (next line)","gloss":"islet"},{"surface":"signalé","lemma":"signaler","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying îlot","gloss":"signaled"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking homme","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of homme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"homme","lemma":"homme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of signalé","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vigie","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vigie","lemma":"vigie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies homme","gloss":"the lookout"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"le-voyage-s13-l2","source":"Est un Eldorado promis par le Destin;","translation":"is an Eldorado promised by Destiny;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: îlot)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Eldorado","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Eldorado","lemma":"Eldorado","morphology":"proper noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun of îlot","gloss":"Eldorado"},{"surface":"promis","lemma":"promettre","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying Eldorado","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Destin","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Destin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Destin","lemma":"destin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of promis","gloss":"Destiny"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"le-voyage-s13-l3","source":"L'Imagination qui dresse son orgie","translation":"Imagination, setting up its orgy,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Imagination","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Imagination","lemma":"imagination","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of trouve (next line)","gloss":"Imagination"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of dresse","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"dresse","lemma":"dresser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on Imagination","gloss":"sets up"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of orgie","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"orgie","lemma":"orgie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of dresse","gloss":"orgy"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"le-voyage-s13-l4","source":"Ne trouve qu'un récif aux clartés du matin.","translation":"finds only a reef in the light of morning.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ne trouve qu'un récif","title":"Restrictive «ne ... que»","body":"«ne ... que» is not a negation but a restriction — 'only, nothing but'. «Ne trouve qu'un récif» = 'finds only a reef'. The promised «Eldorado» of the night before dwindles, by the «clartés du matin» (morning light), to a bare «récif» (reef): the voyage's deflation in one construction."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb, negative","role":"negates trouve with que","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"trouve","lemma":"trouver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: Imagination)","gloss":"finds"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"adverb, restrictive","role":"completes ne...que, only","gloss":"[only]"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of récif","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"récif","lemma":"récif","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of trouve","gloss":"reef"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking clartés","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"clartés","lemma":"clarté","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of trouve","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking matin","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"matin","lemma":"matin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies clartés","gloss":"morning"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"le-voyage-s14-l1","source":"Ô le pauvre amoureux des pays chimériques!","translation":"O the poor lover of chimerical lands!","stanza":14,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"exclamatory particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pauvre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pauvre","lemma":"pauvre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"amoureux","lemma":"amoureux","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to pauvre","gloss":"lover"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pays","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pays","lemma":"pays","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies amoureux","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"chimériques","lemma":"chimérique","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies pays","gloss":"chimerical"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"le-voyage-s14-l2","source":"Faut-il le mettre aux fers, le jeter à la mer,","translation":"Must he be clapped in irons, thrown into the sea,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Faut-il le mettre aux fers","title":"Impersonal «falloir» + inversion","body":"«il faut» (from «falloir», 'to be necessary') is impersonal — 'one must, it is necessary'. Inverted to «Faut-il...?» it asks 'must one...?'. With infinitives «le mettre aux fers» / «le jeter à la mer» ('put him in irons' / 'throw him into the sea'), it weighs whether to punish the deluded sailor whose mirage makes the gulf more bitter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Faut","lemma":"falloir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Must"},{"surface":"-il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular, impersonal","role":"subject of Faut","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mettre","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"mettre","lemma":"mettre","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Faut","gloss":"be put"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fers","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fers","lemma":"fer","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of mettre","gloss":"irons"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of jeter","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"jeter","lemma":"jeter","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated complement of Faut","gloss":"thrown"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mer","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of jeter","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"le-voyage-s14-l3","source":"Ce matelot ivrogne, inventeur d'Amériques","translation":"this drunkard sailor, inventor of Americas","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of matelot","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"matelot","lemma":"matelot","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to pauvre amoureux","gloss":"sailor"},{"surface":"ivrogne","lemma":"ivrogne","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to matelot","gloss":"drunkard"},{"surface":"inventeur","lemma":"inventeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to matelot","gloss":"inventor"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Amériques","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Amériques","lemma":"Amérique","morphology":"proper noun, plural","role":"modifies inventeur","gloss":"Americas"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"le-voyage-s14-l4","source":"Dont le mirage rend le gouffre plus amer?","translation":"whose mirage makes the gulf more bitter?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"modifies mirage, whose","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mirage","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mirage","lemma":"mirage","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rend","gloss":"mirage"},{"surface":"rend","lemma":"rendre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of gouffre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gouffre","lemma":"gouffre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rend","gloss":"gulf"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies amer","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"amer","lemma":"amer","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of gouffre","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"le-voyage-s15-l1","source":"Tel le vieux vagabond, piétinant dans la boue,","translation":"Like the old vagabond, tramping in the mud,","stanza":15,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tel","lemma":"tel","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"introduces the comparison","gloss":"Like"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of vagabond","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vieux","lemma":"vieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vagabond","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"vagabond","lemma":"vagabond","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comparison Tel","gloss":"vagabond"},{"surface":"piétinant","lemma":"piétiner","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"clause modifying vagabond","gloss":"tramping"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking boue","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of boue","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"boue","lemma":"boue","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of piétinant","gloss":"mud"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"le-voyage-s15-l2","source":"Rêve, le nez en l'air, de brillants paradis;","translation":"dreams, nose in the air, of brilliant paradises;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Rêve","lemma":"rêver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: vagabond)","gloss":"dreams"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of nez","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nez","lemma":"nez","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of the absolute construction","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking air","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of air","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"air","lemma":"air","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of the phrase nez en l'air","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paradis","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"brillants","lemma":"brillant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies paradis","gloss":"brilliant"},{"surface":"paradis","lemma":"paradis","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Rêve","gloss":"paradises"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"le-voyage-s15-l3","source":"Son oeil ensorcelé découvre une Capoue","translation":"his bewitched eye discovers a Capua","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oeil","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"oeil","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of découvre","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"ensorcelé","lemma":"ensorcelé","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oeil","gloss":"bewitched"},{"surface":"découvre","lemma":"découvrir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"discovers"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Capoue","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Capoue","lemma":"Capoue","morphology":"proper noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of découvre","gloss":"Capua"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"le-voyage-s15-l4","source":"Partout où la chandelle illumine un taudis.","translation":"everywhere a candle lights up a hovel.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Partout","lemma":"partout","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies illumine","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb, relative","role":"introduces the clause of illumine","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of chandelle","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"chandelle","lemma":"chandelle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of illumine","gloss":"candle"},{"surface":"illumine","lemma":"illuminer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"lights up"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of taudis","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"taudis","lemma":"taudis","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of illumine","gloss":"hovel"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"le-voyage-s16-l1","source":"III","translation":"III","stanza":16,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"III","lemma":"III","morphology":"numeral, roman","role":"section heading","gloss":"III"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"le-voyage-s17-l1","source":"Etonnants voyageurs! quelles nobles histoires","translation":"Astonishing travelers! what noble histories","stanza":17,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Etonnants","lemma":"étonnant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies voyageurs","gloss":"Astonishing"},{"surface":"voyageurs","lemma":"voyageur","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"vocative, head of the phrase","gloss":"travelers"},{"surface":"quelles","lemma":"quel","morphology":"determiner, exclamative, feminine, plural","role":"determiner of histoires","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"nobles","lemma":"noble","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies histoires","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"histoires","lemma":"histoire","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"exclamative phrase, direct object of lisons (next line)","gloss":"histories"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"le-voyage-s17-l2","source":"Nous lisons dans vos yeux profonds comme les mers!","translation":"we read in your eyes deep as the seas!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of lisons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"lisons","lemma":"lire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"read"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yeux","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"votre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of yeux","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of lisons","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"profonds","lemma":"profond","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies yeux","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mers","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of mers","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mers","lemma":"mer","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of comme, comparison with profonds","gloss":"seas"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"le-voyage-s17-l3","source":"Montrez-nous les écrins de vos riches mémoires,","translation":"Show us the caskets of your rich memories,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Montrez-nous","title":"Imperative with attached pronoun","body":"In a positive command the object pronoun follows the verb, joined by a hyphen: «Montrez-nous» = 'show us'. The stay-at-homes address the returned voyagers directly here («Montrez-nous», then «Faites... passer»), begging them to display their «écrins» (jewel-caskets) of memory — the demand that the whole section is built on."}],"words":[{"surface":"Montrez","lemma":"montrer","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Show"},{"surface":"-nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of Montrez","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of écrins","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"écrins","lemma":"écrin","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Montrez","gloss":"caskets"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mémoires","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"votre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of mémoires","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"riches","lemma":"riche","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies mémoires","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"mémoires","lemma":"mémoire","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies écrins","gloss":"memories"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"le-voyage-s17-l4","source":"Ces bijoux merveilleux, faits d'astres et d'éthers.","translation":"those marvelous jewels, made of stars and ethers.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bijoux","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"bijoux","lemma":"bijou","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to mémoires","gloss":"jewels"},{"surface":"merveilleux","lemma":"merveilleux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies bijoux","gloss":"marvelous"},{"surface":"faits","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying bijoux","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking astres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"astres","lemma":"astre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of faits","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking éthers","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"éthers","lemma":"éther","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with astres","gloss":"ethers"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"le-voyage-s18-l1","source":"Nous voulons voyager sans vapeur et sans voile!","translation":"We wish to travel without steam and without sail!","stanza":18,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of voulons","gloss":"We"},{"surface":"voulons","lemma":"vouloir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"voyager","lemma":"voyager","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of voulons","gloss":"to travel"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vapeur","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"vapeur","lemma":"vapeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of voyager","gloss":"steam"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voile","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"voile","lemma":"voile","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with vapeur","gloss":"sail"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"le-voyage-s18-l2","source":"Faites, pour égayer l'ennui de nos prisons,","translation":"Make, to brighten the tedium of our prisons,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Faites","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Make"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of égayer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"égayer","lemma":"égayer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose clause on Faites","gloss":"brighten"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ennui","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ennui","lemma":"ennui","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of égayer","gloss":"tedium"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking prisons","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of prisons","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"prisons","lemma":"prison","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ennui","gloss":"prisons"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"le-voyage-s18-l3","source":"Passer sur nos esprits, tendus comme une toile,","translation":"pass over our minds, stretched like a canvas,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Passer","lemma":"passer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Faites (causative: 'make [it] pass')","gloss":"pass"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esprits","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of esprits","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"esprits","lemma":"esprit","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Passer","gloss":"minds"},{"surface":"tendus","lemma":"tendu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies esprits","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking toile","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of toile","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"toile","lemma":"toile","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"canvas"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"le-voyage-s18-l4","source":"Vos souvenirs avec leurs cadres d'horizons.","translation":"your memories with their frames of horizons.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vos","lemma":"votre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of souvenirs","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"souvenirs","lemma":"souvenir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Passer (line 18-l3)","gloss":"memories"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cadres","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of cadres","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"cadres","lemma":"cadre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of avec","gloss":"frames"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horizons","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"horizons","lemma":"horizon","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cadres","gloss":"horizons"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"le-voyage-s19-l1","source":"Dites, qu'avez-vous vu?","translation":"Tell us, what have you seen?","stanza":19,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dites","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Tell us"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"direct object of vu","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"avez","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of vu","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"-vous","lemma":"vous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of avez","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"vu","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the question, with avez","gloss":"seen"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"le-voyage-s20-l1","source":"IV","translation":"IV","stanza":20,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"IV","lemma":"IV","morphology":"numeral, roman","role":"section heading","gloss":"IV"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"le-voyage-s21-l1","source":"«Nous avons vu des astres","translation":"\"We have seen stars","stanza":21,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of vu","gloss":"We"},{"surface":"avons","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of vu","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"vu","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of astres","gloss":"[some]"},{"surface":"astres","lemma":"astre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of vu","gloss":"stars"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"le-voyage-s21-l2","source":"Et des flots, nous avons vu des sables aussi;","translation":"and waves, we have seen sands as well;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of flots","gloss":"[some]"},{"surface":"flots","lemma":"flot","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of vu (line 21-l1)","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of vu","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"avons","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of vu","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"vu","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sables","gloss":"[some]"},{"surface":"sables","lemma":"sable","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of vu","gloss":"sands"},{"surface":"aussi","lemma":"aussi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vu, as well","gloss":"as well"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"le-voyage-s21-l3","source":"Et, malgré bien des chocs et d'imprévus désastres,","translation":"and, despite many shocks and unforeseen disasters,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"malgré","lemma":"malgré","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chocs","gloss":"despite"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"intensifies des, part of bien des","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of chocs","gloss":"[some]"},{"surface":"chocs","lemma":"choc","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of malgré","gloss":"shocks"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition, partitive","role":"determiner of désastres","gloss":"[some]"},{"surface":"imprévus","lemma":"imprévu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies désastres","gloss":"unforeseen"},{"surface":"désastres","lemma":"désastre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with chocs","gloss":"disasters"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"le-voyage-s21-l4","source":"Nous nous sommes souvent ennuyés, comme ici.","translation":"we have often been bored, just as here.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Nous nous sommes ennuyés","title":"Reflexive passé composé «s'ennuyer»","body":"«s'ennuyer» = 'to be bored, to get bored'. Pronominal verbs form the «passé composé» with «être», and the past participle agrees: «Nous nous sommes ... ennuyés» — 'we have been bored', masculine plural. The travelers' verdict, «comme ici» ('just as here'), is the poem's hinge: everywhere abroad reproduces the boredom of home."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of sommes ennuyés","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive, plural","role":"reflexive marker of ennuyés","gloss":"[ourselves]"},{"surface":"sommes","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary of ennuyés","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"souvent","lemma":"souvent","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ennuyés","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"ennuyés","lemma":"ennuyer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, reflexive, masculine, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"been bored"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ici","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ici","lemma":"ici","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of comme","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"le-voyage-s22-l1","source":"La gloire du soleil sur la mer violette,","translation":"The glory of the sun on the violet sea,","stanza":22,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gloire","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"gloire","lemma":"gloire","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Allumaient (line 22-l3)","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soleil","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"soleil","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies gloire","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mer","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gloire (parallel to soleil couchant modifying cités in the next line)","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"violette","lemma":"violet","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies mer","gloss":"violet"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"le-voyage-s22-l2","source":"La gloire des cités dans le soleil couchant,","translation":"the glory of cities in the setting sun,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gloire","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gloire","lemma":"gloire","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with gloire (line 22-l1), subject of Allumaient","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cités","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cités","lemma":"cité","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies gloire","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soleil","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of soleil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soleil","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cités","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"couchant","lemma":"couchant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies soleil","gloss":"setting"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"le-voyage-s22-l3","source":"Allumaient dans nos coeurs une ardeur inquiète","translation":"kindled in our hearts a restless ardor","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Allumaient","lemma":"allumer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: La gloire...)","gloss":"kindled"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coeurs","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of coeurs","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"coeurs","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Allumaient","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ardeur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ardeur","lemma":"ardeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Allumaient","gloss":"ardor"},{"surface":"inquiète","lemma":"inquiet","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ardeur","gloss":"restless"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"le-voyage-s22-l4","source":"De plonger dans un ciel au reflet alléchant.","translation":"to plunge into a sky of alluring reflection.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of plonger","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"plonger","lemma":"plonger","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement clause on ardeur","gloss":"plunge"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciel","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ciel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ciel","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of plonger","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking reflet","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"reflet","lemma":"reflet","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ciel","gloss":"reflection"},{"surface":"alléchant","lemma":"alléchant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies reflet","gloss":"alluring"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"le-voyage-s23-l1","source":"Les plus riches cités, les plus grands paysages,","translation":"The richest cities, the grandest landscapes,","stanza":23,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of cités","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb, superlative","role":"modifies riches","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"riches","lemma":"riche","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies cités","gloss":"richest"},{"surface":"cités","lemma":"cité","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of contenaient (next line)","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of paysages","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb, superlative","role":"modifies grands","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"grands","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies paysages","gloss":"grandest"},{"surface":"paysages","lemma":"paysage","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with cités, subject of contenaient","gloss":"landscapes"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"le-voyage-s23-l2","source":"Jamais ne contenaient l'attrait mystérieux","translation":"never held the mysterious allure","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Jamais","lemma":"jamais","morphology":"adverb, negative","role":"modifies contenaient","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb, negative","role":"negates contenaient with Jamais","gloss":"[not]"},{"surface":"contenaient","lemma":"contenir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of attrait","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"attrait","lemma":"attrait","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of contenaient","gloss":"allure"},{"surface":"mystérieux","lemma":"mystérieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies attrait","gloss":"mysterious"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"le-voyage-s23-l3","source":"De ceux que le hasard fait avec les nuages.","translation":"of those that chance makes out of the clouds.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ceux","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ceux","lemma":"celui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of fait","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of hasard","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hasard","lemma":"hasard","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fait","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"fait","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on ceux","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuages","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of nuages","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nuages","lemma":"nuage","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"depends on fait","gloss":"clouds"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"le-voyage-s23-l4","source":"Et toujours le désir nous rendait soucieux!","translation":"and always desire left us full of care!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"toujours","lemma":"toujours","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies rendait","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of désir","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"désir","lemma":"désir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rendait","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, first-person, plural","role":"direct object of rendait","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"rendait","lemma":"rendre","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"soucieux","lemma":"soucieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"complement of rendait","gloss":"full of care"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"le-voyage-s24-l1","source":"— La jouissance ajoute au désir de la force.","translation":"— Enjoyment adds strength to desire.","stanza":24,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of jouissance","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jouissance","lemma":"jouissance","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ajoute","gloss":"enjoyment"},{"surface":"ajoute","lemma":"ajouter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"adds"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"à","morphology":"contracted preposition (à + le)","role":"preposition marking désir","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"désir","lemma":"désir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of ajoute","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"partitive determiner","role":"partitive marker on force","gloss":"[some]"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of force","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"force","lemma":"force","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of ajoute (what is added)","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"le-voyage-s24-l2","source":"Désir, vieil arbre à qui le plaisir sert d'engrais,","translation":"Desire, old tree for which pleasure serves as manure,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sert d'engrais","title":"servir de","body":"«servir de» = 'to serve as, to act as'; «engrais» is 'fertilizer, manure'. Pleasure «sert d'engrais» — serves as manure — to the old tree Desire: each gratification only feeds the trunk, thickening the bark while the branches reach for the sun. The image makes satisfaction the cause, not the cure, of further wanting."}],"words":[{"surface":"Désir","lemma":"désir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Desire"},{"surface":"vieil","lemma":"vieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies arbre","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"arbre","lemma":"arbre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Désir","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of sert","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"oblique argument of sert (object of à)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of plaisir","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plaisir","lemma":"plaisir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sert","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"sert","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clause modifying arbre","gloss":"serves"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking engrais","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"engrais","lemma":"engrais","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of sert","gloss":"manure"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"le-voyage-s24-l3","source":"Cependant que grossit et durcit ton écorce,","translation":"while your bark grows thick and hardens,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cependant","lemma":"cependant","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase (cependant que = while)","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of grossit","gloss":"[while]"},{"surface":"grossit","lemma":"grossir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the clause (subject: écorce), coordinated with durcit","gloss":"grows thick"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"durcit","lemma":"durcir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with grossit","gloss":"hardens"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of écorce","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"écorce","lemma":"écorce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of grossit and durcit","gloss":"bark"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"le-voyage-s24-l4","source":"Tes branches veulent voir le soleil de plus près!","translation":"your branches long to see the sun from closer still!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of branches","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"branches","lemma":"branche","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of veulent","gloss":"branches"},{"surface":"veulent","lemma":"vouloir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"voir","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of veulent","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of soleil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"soleil","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of voir","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking près, modifies voir","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies près","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"près","lemma":"près","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of de, adverbial modifying voir","gloss":"close"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"le-voyage-s25-l1","source":"Grandiras-tu toujours, grand arbre plus vivace","translation":"Will you keep growing forever, great tree more hardy","stanza":25,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Grandiras","lemma":"grandir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will you grow"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, second-person, singular","role":"subject of Grandiras","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"toujours","lemma":"toujours","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Grandiras","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"grand","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies arbre","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"arbre","lemma":"arbre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to tu (vocative)","gloss":"tree"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vivace","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"vivace","lemma":"vivace","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies arbre","gloss":"hardy"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"le-voyage-s25-l2","source":"Que le cyprès? — Pourtant nous avons, avec soin,","translation":"than the cypress? — Yet we have, with care,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"comparative than, marking cyprès","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cyprès","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cyprès","lemma":"cyprès","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"cypress"},{"surface":"Pourtant","lemma":"pourtant","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies avons","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of avons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"avons","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"auxiliary, depends on Cueilli (next line)","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soin","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"soin","lemma":"soin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on avons","gloss":"care"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"le-voyage-s25-l3","source":"Cueilli quelques croquis pour votre album vorace","translation":"gathered a few sketches for your voracious album,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Cueilli","lemma":"cueillir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"past participle, complement of avons (previous line)","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"quelques","lemma":"quelque","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of croquis","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"croquis","lemma":"croquis","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Cueilli","gloss":"sketches"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking album","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"votre","lemma":"votre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of album","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"album","lemma":"album","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Cueilli","gloss":"album"},{"surface":"vorace","lemma":"vorace","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies album","gloss":"voracious"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"le-voyage-s25-l4","source":"Frères qui trouvez beau tout ce qui vient de loin!","translation":"brothers who find beautiful all that comes from afar!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Frères","lemma":"frère","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of trouvez","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"trouvez","lemma":"trouver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"relative clause on Frères","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"beau","lemma":"beau","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"object complement, describes ce","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ce","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of trouvez","gloss":"that which"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of vient","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"vient","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on ce","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking loin","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"loin","lemma":"loin","morphology":"adverb","role":"oblique argument of vient","gloss":"afar"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"le-voyage-s26-l1","source":"Nous avons salué des idoles à trompe;","translation":"We have greeted idols with trunks;","stanza":26,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of salué","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"avons","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"depends on salué","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"salué","lemma":"saluer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"greeted"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of idoles","gloss":"[some]"},{"surface":"idoles","lemma":"idole","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of salué","gloss":"idols"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking trompe, modifies idoles","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"trompe","lemma":"trompe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies idoles (à trompe = with a trunk)","gloss":"trunk"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"le-voyage-s26-l2","source":"Des trônes constellés de joyaux lumineux;","translation":"thrones spangled with luminous jewels;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of trônes","gloss":"[some]"},{"surface":"trônes","lemma":"trône","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"thrones"},{"surface":"constellés","lemma":"consteller","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying trônes","gloss":"spangled"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking joyaux","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"joyaux","lemma":"joyau","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of constellés","gloss":"jewels"},{"surface":"lumineux","lemma":"lumineux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies joyaux","gloss":"luminous"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"le-voyage-s26-l3","source":"Des palais ouvragés dont la féerique pompe","translation":"wrought palaces whose fairy-tale pomp","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of palais","gloss":"[some]"},{"surface":"palais","lemma":"palais","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"palaces"},{"surface":"ouvragés","lemma":"ouvrager","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying palais","gloss":"wrought"},{"surface":"dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"possessive relative, links pompe to palais","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pompe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"féerique","lemma":"féerique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies pompe","gloss":"fairy-tale"},{"surface":"pompe","lemma":"pompe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Serait (next line)","gloss":"pomp"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"le-voyage-s26-l4","source":"Serait pour vos banquiers un rêve ruineux;","translation":"would be for your bankers a ruinous dream;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Serait","title":"Conditional «serait»","body":"«serait» is the conditional of «être» — 'would be'. The wrought palaces' «féerique pompe» (fairy-tale pomp) «serait... un rêve ruineux» — 'would be a ruinous dream' for the stay-at-home bankers: a hypothetical cost, the splendor priced in money the travelers mock. The conditional keeps it a supposition, not a fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Serait","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, conditional, third-person, singular","role":"copula, links pompe (subject, previous line) to rêve","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking banquiers","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"vos","lemma":"votre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of banquiers","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"banquiers","lemma":"banquier","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Serait","gloss":"bankers"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rêve","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rêve","lemma":"rêve","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate nominal complement of Serait","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"ruineux","lemma":"ruineux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies rêve","gloss":"ruinous"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"le-voyage-s27-l1","source":"Des costumes qui sont pour les yeux une ivresse;","translation":"costumes that are an intoxication to the eyes;","stanza":27,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of costumes","gloss":"[some]"},{"surface":"costumes","lemma":"costume","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"costumes"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of sont","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sont","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to ivresse","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yeux","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of yeux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of sont","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ivresse","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"ivresse","lemma":"ivresse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate nominal complement of sont","gloss":"intoxication"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"le-voyage-s27-l2","source":"Des femmes dont les dents et les ongles sont teints,","translation":"women whose teeth and nails are dyed,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of femmes","gloss":"[some]"},{"surface":"femmes","lemma":"femme","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"possessive relative referring to femmes","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dents","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dents","lemma":"dent","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of sont teints (coordinated with ongles)","gloss":"teeth"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ongles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ongles","lemma":"ongle","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of sont teints (coordinated with dents)","gloss":"nails"},{"surface":"sont","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to teints","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"teints","lemma":"teindre","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"predicate adjective complement of sont","gloss":"dyed"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"le-voyage-s27-l3","source":"Et des jongleurs savants que le serpent caresse.»","translation":"and cunning jugglers caressed by the serpent.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of jongleurs","gloss":"[some]"},{"surface":"jongleurs","lemma":"jongleur","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"jugglers"},{"surface":"savants","lemma":"savant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies jongleurs","gloss":"cunning"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of caresse","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of serpent","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"serpent","lemma":"serpent","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of caresse","gloss":"serpent"},{"surface":"caresse","lemma":"caresser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on jongleurs","gloss":"caresses"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"le-voyage-s28-l1","source":"V","translation":"V","stanza":28,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"V","lemma":"v","morphology":"numeral","role":"head of the phrase (section heading)","gloss":"V"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"le-voyage-s29-l1","source":"Et puis, et puis encore?","translation":"And then, and then what more?","stanza":29,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"puis","lemma":"puis","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"puis","lemma":"puis","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated with puis","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"encore","lemma":"encore","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies puis","gloss":"what more"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"le-voyage-s30-l1","source":"VI","translation":"VI","stanza":30,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"VI","lemma":"VI","morphology":"numeral","role":"head of the phrase (section heading)","gloss":"VI"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"le-voyage-s31-l1","source":"«Ô cerveaux enfantins!","translation":"\"O childish brains!","stanza":31,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"cerveaux","lemma":"cerveau","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Ô","gloss":"brains"},{"surface":"enfantins","lemma":"enfantin","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cerveaux","gloss":"childish"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"le-voyage-s32-l1","source":"Pour ne pas oublier la chose capitale,","translation":"So as not to forget the capital thing,","stanza":32,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of oublier","gloss":"so as"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oublier","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies oublier","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"oublier","lemma":"oublier","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to forget"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of chose","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"chose","lemma":"chose","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of oublier","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"capitale","lemma":"capital","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies chose","gloss":"capital"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"le-voyage-s32-l2","source":"Nous avons vu partout, et sans l'avoir cherché,","translation":"we have seen everywhere, and without having sought it,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sans l'avoir cherché","title":"«sans» + past infinitive","body":"«sans» + a past infinitive («avoir cherché») = 'without having + verb': «sans l'avoir cherché» means 'without having looked for it'. The «l'» is the object pronoun standing for the spectacle to come. The construction underlines that the «immortel péché» (immortal sin) was met unsought, the same everywhere on the «échelle fatale» (fatal ladder)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of vu","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"avons","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"depends on vu","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"vu","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seen"},{"surface":"partout","lemma":"partout","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vu","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of cherché","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of cherché","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"avoir","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"depends on cherché","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"cherché","lemma":"chercher","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"adverbial clause (sans + infinitive), joined by et to vu","gloss":"sought"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"le-voyage-s32-l3","source":"Du haut jusques en bas de l'échelle fatale,","translation":"from the top down to the bottom of the fatal ladder,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"de","morphology":"contracted preposition (de + le)","role":"preposition contraction, marking haut","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"haut","lemma":"haut","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of Du (du haut = from the top)","gloss":"top"},{"surface":"jusques","lemma":"jusque","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase, correlates with en bas","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bas","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"bas","lemma":"bas","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of en (en bas = to the bottom)","gloss":"bottom"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking échelle","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of échelle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"échelle","lemma":"échelle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"depends on jusques (de l'échelle modifies the whole span)","gloss":"ladder"},{"surface":"fatale","lemma":"fatal","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies échelle","gloss":"fatal"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"le-voyage-s32-l4","source":"Le spectacle ennuyeux de l'immortel péché:","translation":"the wearisome spectacle of immortal sin:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of spectacle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"spectacle","lemma":"spectacle","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"spectacle"},{"surface":"ennuyeux","lemma":"ennuyeux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies spectacle","gloss":"wearisome"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking péché","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of péché","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"immortel","lemma":"immortel","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies péché","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"péché","lemma":"péché","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies spectacle","gloss":"sin"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"le-voyage-s33-l1","source":"La femme, esclave vile, orgueilleuse et stupide,","translation":"Woman, vile slave, haughty and stupid,","stanza":33,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of femme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"femme","lemma":"femme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Woman"},{"surface":"esclave","lemma":"esclave","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"in apposition to femme","gloss":"slave"},{"surface":"vile","lemma":"vil","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies esclave","gloss":"vile"},{"surface":"orgueilleuse","lemma":"orgueilleux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with vile","gloss":"haughty"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stupide","lemma":"stupide","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with vile","gloss":"stupid"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"le-voyage-s33-l2","source":"Sans rire s'adorant et s'aimant sans dégoût;","translation":"without laughter adoring herself and loving herself without disgust;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"s'adorant et s'aimant","title":"Reflexive present participles","body":"«s'adorer» / «s'aimer» = 'to adore oneself' / 'to love oneself'; the present participles «s'adorant» and «s'aimant» carry the reflexive «s'» with them. Woman worships and loves herself «sans rire» ('without laughing') and «sans dégoût» ('without disgust') — self-regard taken with deadly seriousness, the first exhibit in the catalogue of «immortel péché»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rire","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"rire","lemma":"rire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"laughter"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of adorant","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"adorant","lemma":"adorer","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"clause modifying femme (previous line), coordinated with aimant","gloss":"adoring"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on aimant","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"aimant","lemma":"aimer","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"coordinated with adorant","gloss":"loving"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies aimant","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"dégoût","lemma":"dégoût","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of sans, modifies aimant","gloss":"disgust"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"le-voyage-s33-l3","source":"L'homme, tyran goulu, paillard, dur et cupide,","translation":"Man, greedy tyrant, lewd, hard and grasping,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of homme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"homme","lemma":"homme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Man"},{"surface":"tyran","lemma":"tyran","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to homme","gloss":"tyrant"},{"surface":"goulu","lemma":"goulu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tyran","gloss":"greedy"},{"surface":"paillard","lemma":"paillard","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with goulu, modifies tyran","gloss":"lewd"},{"surface":"dur","lemma":"dur","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with goulu, modifies tyran","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cupide","lemma":"cupide","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with goulu, modifies tyran","gloss":"grasping"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"le-voyage-s33-l4","source":"Esclave de l'esclave et ruisseau dans l'égout;","translation":"slave of the slave and a streamlet in the sewer;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Esclave","lemma":"esclave","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"slave"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking esclave","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of esclave","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"esclave","lemma":"esclave","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, complement of Esclave","gloss":"slave"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ruisseau","lemma":"ruisseau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Esclave","gloss":"streamlet"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking égout","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of égout","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"égout","lemma":"égout","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (object of dans)","gloss":"sewer"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"le-voyage-s34-l1","source":"Le bourreau qui jouit, le martyr qui sanglote;","translation":"The executioner who takes pleasure, the martyr who sobs;","stanza":34,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bourreau","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bourreau","lemma":"bourreau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"executioner"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of jouit","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"jouit","lemma":"jouir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on bourreau","gloss":"takes pleasure"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of martyr","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"martyr","lemma":"martyr","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with bourreau (list item)","gloss":"martyr"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of sanglote","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"sanglote","lemma":"sangloter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on martyr","gloss":"sobs"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"le-voyage-s34-l2","source":"La fête qu'assaisonne et parfume le sang;","translation":"the feast that blood seasons and perfumes;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"qu'assaisonne et parfume le sang","title":"Inverted relative clause","body":"In the relative clause «que le sang assaisonne et parfume» the subject «le sang» follows its verbs by poetic inversion: 'the feast that blood seasons and perfumes'. «que» is the direct object (the feast), «le sang» the subject doing the seasoning. Read the verbs back to their trailing noun to untangle these lines — Baudelaire inverts often in this catalogue."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fête","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fête","lemma":"fête","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of assaisonne and parfume, refers to fête","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"assaisonne","lemma":"assaisonner","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on fête (subject: sang)","gloss":"seasons"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"parfume","lemma":"parfumer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with assaisonne","gloss":"perfumes"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sang","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sang","lemma":"sang","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of assaisonne and parfume","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"le-voyage-s34-l3","source":"Le poison du pouvoir énervant le despote,","translation":"the poison of power unnerving the despot,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of poison","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"poison","lemma":"poison","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"poison"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"contracted preposition (de + le)","role":"preposition marking pouvoir","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pouvoir","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies poison","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"énervant","lemma":"énerver","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"clause modifying poison","gloss":"unnerving"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of despote","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"despote","lemma":"despote","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of énervant","gloss":"despot"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"le-voyage-s34-l4","source":"Et le peuple amoureux du fouet abrutissant;","translation":"and the people in love with the brutalizing whip;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peuple","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"peuple","lemma":"peuple","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (item in the list)","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"amoureux","lemma":"amoureux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies peuple","gloss":"in love"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"contracted preposition (de + le)","role":"preposition marking fouet","gloss":"with the"},{"surface":"fouet","lemma":"fouet","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of du, complement of amoureux","gloss":"whip"},{"surface":"abrutissant","lemma":"abrutir","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"clause modifying fouet","gloss":"brutalizing"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"le-voyage-s35-l1","source":"Plusieurs religions semblables à la nôtre,","translation":"Several religions like our own,","stanza":35,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Plusieurs","lemma":"plusieurs","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of religions","gloss":"several"},{"surface":"religions","lemma":"religion","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"religions"},{"surface":"semblables","lemma":"semblable","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies religions","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nôtre","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nôtre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nôtre","lemma":"nôtre","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of semblables","gloss":"our own"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"le-voyage-s35-l2","source":"Toutes escaladant le ciel; la Sainteté,","translation":"all scaling the heavens; Sanctity,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Toutes","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of escaladant, refers to religions (previous line)","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"escaladant","lemma":"escalader","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"main verb (participle) of the clause, subject Toutes","gloss":"scaling"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ciel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciel","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of escaladant","gloss":"heavens"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Sainteté","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Sainteté","lemma":"sainteté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (new list item)","gloss":"Sanctity"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"le-voyage-s35-l3","source":"Comme en un lit de plume un délicat se vautre,","translation":"as a man of refinement wallows in a feather bed,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"se vautre","title":"se vautrer","body":"«se vautrer» = 'to wallow, to sprawl, to roll about' (often with a sense of self-indulgence). The comparison is biting: just as a «délicat» (a fastidious, pampered man) wallows «en un lit de plume» (in a feather bed), so Sanctity seeks its «volupté» (sensual pleasure) «Dans les clous et le crin» — in nails and hair-shirt. Asceticism unmasked as another appetite."}],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces comparative clause (as)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lit","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lit","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lit","lemma":"lit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on vautre","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plume","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"plume","lemma":"plume","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies lit","gloss":"feather"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of délicat","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"délicat","lemma":"délicat","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vautre","gloss":"man of refinement"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on vautre","gloss":"[himself]"},{"surface":"vautre","lemma":"vautrer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wallows"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"le-voyage-s35-l4","source":"Dans les clous et le crin cherchant la volupté;","translation":"seeking voluptuous pleasure in nails and horsehair;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking clous","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of clous","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"clous","lemma":"clou","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"nails"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"crin","lemma":"crin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with clous","gloss":"horsehair"},{"surface":"cherchant","lemma":"chercher","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"clause modifying Sainteté (previous lines)","gloss":"seeking"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of volupté","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"volupté","lemma":"volupté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cherchant","gloss":"voluptuous pleasure"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"le-voyage-s36-l1","source":"L'Humanité bavarde, ivre de son génie,","translation":"Humanity, garrulous, drunk on its own genius,","stanza":36,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Humanité","gloss":"[the]"},{"surface":"Humanité","lemma":"humanité","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Humanity"},{"surface":"bavarde","lemma":"bavard","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Humanité","gloss":"garrulous"},{"surface":"ivre","lemma":"ivre","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with bavarde, modifies Humanité","gloss":"drunk"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking génie","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of génie","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"génie","lemma":"génie","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of ivre (de son génie)","gloss":"genius"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"le-voyage-s36-l2","source":"Et, folle maintenant comme elle était jadis,","translation":"and, mad now as it was of old,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"folle","lemma":"fou","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective, modifies Humanité (implied subject continuing from previous line)","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"maintenant","lemma":"maintenant","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverb of time, modifies folle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of était","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of était","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"était","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to jadis","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"jadis","lemma":"jadis","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase (predicate)","gloss":"of old"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"le-voyage-s36-l3","source":"Criant à Dieu, dans sa furibonde agonie:","translation":"crying to God, in its furious agony:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Criant","lemma":"crier","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"clause modifying Humanité (continues from previous line)","gloss":"crying"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Dieu","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Dieu","lemma":"Dieu","morphology":"proper noun","role":"oblique argument of Criant","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking agonie","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of agonie","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"furibonde","lemma":"furibond","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies agonie","gloss":"furious"},{"surface":"agonie","lemma":"agonie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Criant (dans...agonie)","gloss":"agony"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"le-voyage-s36-l4","source":"»Ô mon semblable, mon maître, je te maudis!«","translation":"\"O my fellow, my master, I curse you!\"","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"je te maudis","title":"maudire","body":"«maudire» = 'to curse, to damn'; «je te maudis» = 'I curse you' (the familiar «te» addressing God). «mon semblable, mon maître» ('my fellow, my master') turns «Au Lecteur»'s closing line — «mon semblable, mon frère» — inside out: where the reader was a brother, God is here both likeness and master, and humanity damns him in its agony. Note the reversed guillemets «»...«» Baudelaire uses for this inset cry."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of semblable","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"semblable","lemma":"semblable","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, addressed by Ô","gloss":"fellow"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of maître","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"maître","lemma":"maître","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with semblable","gloss":"master"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of maudis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, second-person, singular","role":"direct object of maudis","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"maudis","lemma":"maudire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"curse"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"le-voyage-s37-l1","source":"Et les moins sots, hardis amants de la Démence,","translation":"And the least foolish, bold lovers of Madness,","stanza":37,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sots","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"moins","lemma":"moins","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sots","gloss":"least"},{"surface":"sots","lemma":"sot","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase (substantive)","gloss":"foolish [ones]"},{"surface":"hardis","lemma":"hardi","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies amants","gloss":"bold"},{"surface":"amants","lemma":"amant","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"in apposition to sots","gloss":"lovers"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Démence","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Démence","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Démence","lemma":"démence","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies amants","gloss":"Madness"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"le-voyage-s37-l2","source":"Fuyant le grand troupeau parqué par le Destin,","translation":"fleeing the great herd penned in by Destiny,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Fuyant","lemma":"fuir","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of troupeau","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grand","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies troupeau","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"troupeau","lemma":"troupeau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Fuyant","gloss":"herd"},{"surface":"parqué","lemma":"parquer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying troupeau","gloss":"penned in"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Destin","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Destin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Destin","lemma":"destin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"agent of parqué","gloss":"Destiny"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"le-voyage-s37-l3","source":"Et se réfugiant dans l'opium immense!","translation":"and taking refuge in the immensity of opium!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on réfugiant","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"réfugiant","lemma":"réfugier","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"taking refuge"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking opium","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of opium","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"opium","lemma":"opium","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of réfugiant","gloss":"opium"},{"surface":"immense","lemma":"immense","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies opium","gloss":"immense"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"le-voyage-s37-l4","source":"— Tel est du globe entier l'éternel bulletin.»","translation":"— Such is the whole globe's eternal report.\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tel","lemma":"tel","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to bulletin","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking globe","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"globe","lemma":"globe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bulletin","gloss":"globe"},{"surface":"entier","lemma":"entier","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies globe","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of bulletin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"éternel","lemma":"éternel","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bulletin","gloss":"eternal"},{"surface":"bulletin","lemma":"bulletin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of est","gloss":"report"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"le-voyage-s38-l1","source":"VII","translation":"VII","stanza":38,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"VII","lemma":"vii","morphology":"numeral","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"VII"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"le-voyage-s39-l1","source":"Amer savoir, celui qu'on tire du voyage!","translation":"Bitter knowledge, that which one draws from travel!","stanza":39,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Amer","lemma":"amer","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies savoir","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"savoir","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"knowledge"},{"surface":"celui","lemma":"celui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to savoir","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of tire","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"on","lemma":"on","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of tire","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"tire","lemma":"tirer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on celui","gloss":"draws"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking voyage","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"voyage","lemma":"voyage","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of tire","gloss":"travel"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"le-voyage-s39-l2","source":"Le monde, monotone et petit, aujourd'hui,","translation":"The world, monotonous and small, today,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"monotone","lemma":"monotone","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies monde","gloss":"monotonous"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"petit","lemma":"petit","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with monotone","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"aujourd'hui","lemma":"aujourd'hui","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies monde","gloss":"today"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"le-voyage-s39-l3","source":"Hier, demain, toujours, nous fait voir notre image:","translation":"yesterday, tomorrow, always, shows us our own image:","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nous fait voir notre image","title":"Causative «faire» + infinitive","body":"«faire» + an infinitive forms the causative — 'to make / have (something) be done'. «nous fait voir notre image» = 'makes us see our image, shows us our image'. The world, the same across «aujourd'hui, Hier, demain», can only mirror the traveler back to himself — the bitter conclusion of all the wandering."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hier","lemma":"hier","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voir","gloss":"yesterday"},{"surface":"demain","lemma":"demain","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voir","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"surface":"toujours","lemma":"toujours","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voir","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"object of fait voir","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"fait","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shows"},{"surface":"voir","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of fait","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"notre","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of image","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"image","lemma":"image","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of voir","gloss":"image"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"le-voyage-s39-l4","source":"Une oasis d'horreur dans un désert d'ennui!","translation":"an oasis of horror in a desert of tedium!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of oasis","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"oasis","lemma":"oasis","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"oasis"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking horreur","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"horreur","lemma":"horreur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies oasis","gloss":"horror"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking désert","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of désert","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"désert","lemma":"désert","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of oasis","gloss":"desert"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ennui","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ennui","lemma":"ennui","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies désert","gloss":"tedium"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"le-voyage-s40-l1","source":"Faut-il partir? rester? Si tu peux rester, reste;","translation":"Must one leave? stay? If you can stay, stay;","stanza":40,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Faut","lemma":"falloir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"-il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Faut","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"partir","lemma":"partir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Faut","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"rester","lemma":"rester","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with partir","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of peux","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of peux","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"peux","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on reste","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"rester","lemma":"rester","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of peux","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"reste","lemma":"rester","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stay"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"le-voyage-s40-l2","source":"Pars, s'il le faut. L'un court, et l'autre se tapit","translation":"leave, if you must. One runs, and another crouches","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Pars","title":"Imperative «pars» / «reste»","body":"«Pars» and «reste» are second-person singular imperatives of «partir» ('to leave') and «rester» ('to stay'). The line stages the poem's choice as two bare commands — «Si tu peux rester, reste; / Pars, s'il le faut» ('if you can stay, stay; leave, if you must') — before revealing that both runner and hider are only dodging the same enemy, Time."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pars","lemma":"partir","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of faut","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of faut","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of faut","gloss":"it","note":"idiomatic 's'il le faut' = 'if need be'"},{"surface":"faut","lemma":"falloir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the si-clause modifying Pars","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of un","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of court","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"court","lemma":"courir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of autre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"autre","lemma":"autre","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of tapit","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of tapit","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"tapit","lemma":"tapir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with court","gloss":"crouches"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"le-voyage-s40-l3","source":"Pour tromper l'ennemi vigilant et funeste,","translation":"to cheat the watchful and deadly enemy,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of tromper","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tromper","lemma":"tromper","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cheat"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ennemi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ennemi","lemma":"ennemi","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tromper","gloss":"enemy"},{"surface":"vigilant","lemma":"vigilant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ennemi","gloss":"watchful"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"funeste","lemma":"funeste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with vigilant","gloss":"deadly"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"le-voyage-s40-l4","source":"Le Temps! Il est, hélas! des coureurs sans répit,","translation":"Time! There are, alas! runners without respite,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Temps","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Temps","lemma":"temps","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Time"},{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"hélas","lemma":"hélas","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on est","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of coureurs","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"coureurs","lemma":"coureur","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"runners"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking répit","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"répit","lemma":"répit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies coureurs","gloss":"respite"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"le-voyage-s41-l1","source":"Comme le Juif errant et comme les apôtres,","translation":"like the Wandering Jew and like the apostles,","stanza":41,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Juif","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Juif","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Juif","lemma":"juif","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Jew"},{"surface":"errant","lemma":"errant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Juif","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking apôtres","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of apôtres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"apôtres","lemma":"apôtre","morphology":"noun, plural","role":"coordinated with Juif","gloss":"apostles"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"le-voyage-s41-l2","source":"À qui rien ne suffit, ni wagon ni vaisseau,","translation":"for whom nothing suffices, neither railway car nor ship,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"À","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking qui","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on suffit","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"rien","lemma":"rien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of suffit","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies suffit","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"suffit","lemma":"suffire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"suffices"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"wagon","lemma":"wagon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with suffit","gloss":"railway car"},{"surface":"ni","lemma":"ni","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"vaisseau","lemma":"vaisseau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with wagon","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"le-voyage-s41-l3","source":"Pour fuir ce rétiaire infâme; il en est d'autres","translation":"to flee that vile net-fighter; there are still others","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ce rétiaire infâme","title":"rétiaire","body":"A «rétiaire» (Latin «retiarius») was the Roman gladiator who fought with a net and trident, snaring his opponent before the kill. Time is that «rétiaire infâme» ('vile net-fighter'): no «wagon» or «vaisseau» outruns his cast net. «il en est d'autres» is literary for «il y en a d'autres» — 'there are others' — who kill Time without leaving their cradle."}],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of fuir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fuir","lemma":"fuir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flee"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rétiaire","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"rétiaire","lemma":"rétiaire","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fuir","gloss":"net-fighter","note":"rétiaire = a retiarius, a gladiator who fought with a net"},{"surface":"infâme","lemma":"infâme","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rétiaire","gloss":"vile"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun","role":"partitive pronoun referring to rétiaires","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the phrase autres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"autres","lemma":"autre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"predicate complement of est","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"le-voyage-s41-l4","source":"Qui savent le tuer sans quitter leur berceau.","translation":"who know how to kill it without leaving their cradle.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of savent","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"savent","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of tuer","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"tuer","lemma":"tuer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of savent","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of quitter","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"quitter","lemma":"quitter","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on tuer","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"leur","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of berceau","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"berceau","lemma":"berceau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of quitter","gloss":"cradle"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"le-voyage-s42-l1","source":"Lorsque enfin il mettra le pied sur notre échine,","translation":"When at last he sets his foot upon our spine,","stanza":42,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"il mettra","title":"Future after «lorsque»","body":"After «lorsque» ('when') French uses the future for a future event, where English prefers the present: «Lorsque ... il mettra le pied» is literally 'when ... he will set his foot', rendered 'when he sets his foot'. The poem turns here from Time the hunter to Death the liberator — the moment he treads on our spine becomes a release, «En avant!»"}],"words":[{"surface":"Lorsque","lemma":"lorsque","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of mettra","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"enfin","lemma":"enfin","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies mettra","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mettra","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mettra","lemma":"mettre","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sets"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pied","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"pied","lemma":"pied","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mettra","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking échine","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"notre","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of échine","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"échine","lemma":"échine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of mettra","gloss":"spine"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"le-voyage-s42-l2","source":"Nous pourrons espérer et crier: En avant!","translation":"we shall be able to hope and cry: Forward!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of pourrons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"pourrons","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will be able"},{"surface":"espérer","lemma":"espérer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of pourrons","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"crier","lemma":"crier","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"coordinated with espérer","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"forward","note":"'en avant' is a fixed phrase meaning 'forward'"},{"surface":"avant","lemma":"avant","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase En","gloss":"forward"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"le-voyage-s42-l3","source":"De même qu'autrefois nous partions pour la Chine,","translation":"just as long ago we set out for China,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies partions","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"même","lemma":"même","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the phrase De","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase De","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"autrefois","lemma":"autrefois","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies partions","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of partions","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"partions","lemma":"partir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Chine","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Chine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Chine","lemma":"Chine","morphology":"proper noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of partions","gloss":"China"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"le-voyage-s42-l4","source":"Les yeux fixés au large et les cheveux au vent,","translation":"eyes fixed on the open sea and hair in the wind,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of yeux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"fixés","lemma":"fixer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying yeux","gloss":"fixed"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking large","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"large","lemma":"large","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of fixés","gloss":"open sea"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of cheveux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cheveux","lemma":"cheveu","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with yeux","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking vent","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"vent","lemma":"vent","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument modifying cheveux","gloss":"wind"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"le-voyage-s43-l1","source":"Nous nous embarquerons sur la mer des Ténèbres","translation":"We shall embark upon the sea of Darkness","stanza":43,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of embarquerons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on embarquerons","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"embarquerons","lemma":"embarquer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will embark"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mer","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of embarquerons","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Ténèbres","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Ténèbres","lemma":"ténèbre","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies mer","gloss":"Darkness"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"le-voyage-s43-l2","source":"Avec le coeur joyeux d'un jeune passager.","translation":"with the joyous heart of a young passenger.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coeur","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"joyeux","lemma":"joyeux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies coeur","gloss":"joyous"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking passager","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of passager","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"jeune","lemma":"jeune","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies passager","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"passager","lemma":"passager","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies coeur","gloss":"passenger"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"le-voyage-s43-l3","source":"Entendez-vous ces voix charmantes et funèbres,","translation":"Do you hear those voices, charming and funereal,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Entendez","lemma":"entendre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do hear"},{"surface":"-vous","lemma":"vous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of Entendez","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of voix","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"voix","lemma":"voix","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of Entendez","gloss":"voices"},{"surface":"charmantes","lemma":"charmant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies voix","gloss":"charming"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"funèbres","lemma":"funèbre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with charmantes","gloss":"funereal"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"le-voyage-s43-l4","source":"Qui chantent: «Par ici vous qui voulez manger","translation":"that sing: \"This way, you who wish to eat","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of chantent","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"chantent","lemma":"chanter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sing"},{"surface":"Par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ici","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ici","lemma":"ici","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on chantent","gloss":"way","note":"'par ici' is a fixed phrase meaning 'this way'"},{"surface":"vous","lemma":"vous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"oblique argument of chantent","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of voulez","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"voulez","lemma":"vouloir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, plural","role":"relative clause on vous","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"manger","lemma":"manger","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of voulez","gloss":"eat"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"le-voyage-s44-l1","source":"Le Lotus parfumé! c'est ici qu'on vendange","translation":"the perfumed Lotus! it is here that one harvests","stanza":44,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Lotus","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Lotus","lemma":"lotus","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Lotus"},{"surface":"parfumé","lemma":"parfumer","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Lotus","gloss":"perfumed"},{"surface":"c'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ici","lemma":"ici","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies est","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vendange","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"on","lemma":"on","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of vendange","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"vendange","lemma":"vendanger","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of est","gloss":"harvests"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"le-voyage-s44-l2","source":"Les fruits miraculeux dont votre coeur a faim;","translation":"the miraculous fruits your heart hungers for;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fruits","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fruits","lemma":"fruit","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fruits"},{"surface":"miraculeux","lemma":"miraculeux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies fruits","gloss":"miraculous"},{"surface":"dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun","role":"relative pronoun referring to fruits","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"votre","lemma":"votre","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of a","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on fruits","gloss":"has","note":"'avoir faim (de)' = to hunger for"},{"surface":"faim","lemma":"faim","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of a","gloss":"hunger"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"le-voyage-s44-l3","source":"Venez vous enivrer de la douceur étrange","translation":"come and get drunk on the strange sweetness","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Venez","lemma":"venir","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"vous","lemma":"vous","morphology":"pronoun, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on enivrer","gloss":"yourselves"},{"surface":"enivrer","lemma":"enivrer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Venez","gloss":"get drunk"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking douceur","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of douceur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"douceur","lemma":"douceur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of enivrer","gloss":"sweetness"},{"surface":"étrange","lemma":"étrange","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies douceur","gloss":"strange"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"le-voyage-s44-l4","source":"De cette après-midi qui n'a jamais de fin!»","translation":"of this afternoon that never has an end!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking après-midi","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cette","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of après-midi","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"après-midi","lemma":"après-midi","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"afternoon"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of a","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies a","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on après-midi","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"jamais","lemma":"jamais","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies a","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fin","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"fin","lemma":"fin","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of a","gloss":"end"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"le-voyage-s45-l1","source":"À l'accent familier nous devinons le spectre;","translation":"By the familiar accent we guess the specter;","stanza":45,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"À","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking accent","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of accent","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"accent","lemma":"accent","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of devinons","gloss":"accent"},{"surface":"familier","lemma":"familier","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies accent","gloss":"familiar"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of devinons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"devinons","lemma":"deviner","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"guess"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of spectre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"spectre","lemma":"spectre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of devinons","gloss":"specter"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"le-voyage-s45-l2","source":"Nos Pylades là-bas tendent leurs bras vers nous.","translation":"our Pyladeses yonder stretch their arms toward us.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Pylades","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"Pylades","lemma":"Pylade","morphology":"proper noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of tendent","gloss":"Pyladeses"},{"surface":"là","lemma":"là-bas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tendent","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"bas","lemma":"là-bas","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tendent","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"tendent","lemma":"tendre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stretch"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bras","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"bras","lemma":"bras","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of tendent","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"vers","lemma":"vers","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nous","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"object of preposition vers","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"le-voyage-s45-l3","source":"«Pour rafraîchir ton coeur nage vers ton Electre!»","translation":"\"To refresh your heart swim toward your Electra!\"","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rafraîchir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"rafraîchir","lemma":"rafraîchir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"adverbial clause on nage","gloss":"refresh"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of rafraîchir","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"nage","lemma":"nager","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swim"},{"surface":"vers","lemma":"vers","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Electre","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Electre","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Electre","lemma":"Electre","morphology":"proper noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of nage","gloss":"Electra"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"le-voyage-s45-l4","source":"Dit celle dont jadis nous baisions les genoux.","translation":"says she whose knees we once used to kiss.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dit","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"celle","lemma":"celui","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of Dit","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun","role":"introduces relative clause on celle","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"jadis","lemma":"jadis","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies baisions","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of baisions","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"baisions","lemma":"baiser","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"relative clause verb on celle","gloss":"used to kiss","note":"'baiser' here means 'to kiss' (an older sense of the verb)"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of genoux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"genoux","lemma":"genou","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of baisions","gloss":"knees"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"le-voyage-s46-l1","source":"VIII","translation":"VIII","stanza":46,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"VIII","lemma":"viii","morphology":"numeral","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"VIII"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"le-voyage-s47-l1","source":"Ô Mort, vieux capitaine, il est temps! levons l'ancre!","translation":"O Death, old captain, it is time! let us weigh anchor!","stanza":47,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"levons l'ancre","title":"First-person plural imperative","body":"«levons» is the «nous» imperative of «lever» ('to raise') — 'let us raise / weigh', as in «levons l'ancre» ('let us weigh anchor'). The final stanza is a chain of such summons — «levons l'ancre», «Appareillons!» ('let us set sail!'), «Plonger» — the crew turning to Death as captain to launch the last voyage."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"vocative particle marking Mort","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"Mort","lemma":"mort","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Death"},{"surface":"vieux","lemma":"vieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies capitaine","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"capitaine","lemma":"capitaine","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Mort","gloss":"captain"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to temps","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"temps","lemma":"temps","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of est","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"levons","lemma":"lever","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let us raise"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ancre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ancre","lemma":"ancre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of levons","gloss":"anchor"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"le-voyage-s47-l2","source":"Ce pays nous ennuie, ô Mort! Appareillons!","translation":"This land wearies us, O Death! Let us set sail!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pays","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"pays","lemma":"pays","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ennuie","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of ennuie","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ennuie","lemma":"ennuyer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wearies"},{"surface":"ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"vocative particle marking Mort","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"Mort","lemma":"mort","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of vocative ô","gloss":"Death"},{"surface":"Appareillons","lemma":"appareiller","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let us set sail"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"le-voyage-s47-l3","source":"Si le ciel et la mer sont noirs comme de l'encre,","translation":"If the sky and the sea are black as ink,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Si","lemma":"si","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of noirs","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ciel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciel","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of noirs","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mer","lemma":"mer","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of noirs","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"sont","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to noirs","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"noirs","lemma":"noir","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"predicate complement of sont","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking encre","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"partitive article with encre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"part of the phrase de","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"encre","lemma":"encre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of noirs","gloss":"ink"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"le-voyage-s47-l4","source":"Nos coeurs que tu connais sont remplis de rayons!","translation":"our hearts, which you know, are filled with rays of light!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nos","lemma":"notre","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of coeurs","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"coeurs","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of remplis","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of connais","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of connais","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"connais","lemma":"connaître","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"relative clause on coeurs","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"sont","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"passive auxiliary of remplis","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"remplis","lemma":"remplir","morphology":"verb, past, passive, participle, masculine, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rayons","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"rayons","lemma":"rayon","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of remplis","gloss":"rays"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"le-voyage-s48-l1","source":"Verse-nous ton poison pour qu'il nous réconforte!","translation":"Pour us your poison so that it may comfort us!","stanza":48,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"pour qu'il nous réconforte","title":"«pour que» + subjunctive","body":"«pour que» ('so that, in order that') always takes the subjunctive: «réconforte» is the present subjunctive of «réconforter» ('to comfort'). The travelers ask Death to pour out its poison «pour qu'il nous réconforte» — 'so that it may comfort us' — purpose, not fact: the longed-for solace lies on the far side of the plunge into the «Inconnu»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Verse","lemma":"verser","morphology":"verb, present, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pour"},{"surface":"-nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of Verse","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of poison","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"poison","lemma":"poison","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Verse","gloss":"poison"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of réconforte","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of réconforte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of réconforte","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of réconforte","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"réconforte","lemma":"réconforter","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause on Verse","gloss":"may comfort"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"le-voyage-s48-l2","source":"Nous voulons, tant ce feu nous brûle le cerveau,","translation":"We wish, so much does this fire burn our brain,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"subject of voulons","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"voulons","lemma":"vouloir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"tant","lemma":"tant","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies brûle","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of feu","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"feu","lemma":"feu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of brûle","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of brûle","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"brûle","lemma":"brûler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"adverbial clause verb, modifies voulons","gloss":"burns"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cerveau","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"cerveau","lemma":"cerveau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of brûle","gloss":"brain"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"le-voyage-s48-l3","source":"Plonger au fond du gouffre, Enfer ou Ciel, qu'importe?","translation":"to plunge to the bottom of the gulf, Hell or Heaven, what does it matter?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Plonger","lemma":"plonger","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence (exhortative infinitive: \"[we must] plunge\")","gloss":"to plunge"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition (contraction of à + le)","role":"preposition marking fond","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"fond","lemma":"fond","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Plonger","gloss":"bottom"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition (contraction of de + le)","role":"preposition marking gouffre","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"gouffre","lemma":"gouffre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of du, complement of fond","gloss":"gulf"},{"surface":"Enfer","lemma":"enfer","morphology":"proper noun","role":"in apposition to gouffre, naming what the gulf might be","gloss":"Hell"},{"surface":"ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Ciel","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Enfer","gloss":"Heaven"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"interrogative pronoun","role":"subject of importe","gloss":"what","note":"\"Qu'importe?\" is a fixed rhetorical phrase, \"what does it matter?\" — que is its grammatical subject, not an object."},{"surface":"importe","lemma":"importer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the rhetorical question qu'importe, set off from Plonger by the comma","gloss":"does it matter"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"le-voyage-s48-l4","source":"Au fond de l'Inconnu pour trouver du nouveau!","translation":"to the depths of the Unknown to find something new!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"du nouveau","title":"du nouveau","body":"«du nouveau» = 'something new' — the partitive «du» turning the adjective «nouveau» into 'some newness'. The book ends on this word: after a whole poem proving that travel only mirrors the self, the last hope is for «du nouveau» in death, «Au fond de l'Inconnu» ('in the depths of the Unknown') — novelty sought where it cannot be reported back."}],"words":[{"surface":"Au","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition (contraction of à + le)","role":"preposition marking fond","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"fond","lemma":"fond","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Plonger (previous line), coordinated with au fond du gouffre","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Inconnu","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Inconnu","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Inconnu","lemma":"inconnu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular (substantivized adjective)","role":"object of de, complement of fond","gloss":"Unknown"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the purpose clause of trouver","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"trouver","lemma":"trouver","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"verb of the purpose clause introduced by pour","gloss":"to find"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"partitive article, masculine, singular","role":"partitive article marking nouveau","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"nouveau","lemma":"nouveau","morphology":"adjective used as noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of du, complement of trouver","gloss":"new","note":"\"Du nouveau\" is idiomatic for \"something new\" — nouveau here works as a noun, not a modifier of another noun."}]}]}