{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"reve-parisien","title":{"source":"Rêve parisien","translated":"Parisian Dream"},"section":"Parisian Scenes","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/reve-parisien","lines":63},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/brumes-et-pluies","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-crepuscule-du-matin","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"reve-parisien-s1-l1","source":"À Constantin Guys","translation":"To Constantin Guys","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"À","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Constantin","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Constantin","lemma":"Constantin","morphology":"proper noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Constantin"},{"surface":"Guys","lemma":"Guys","morphology":"proper noun","role":"part of the name, with Constantin","gloss":"Guys"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"reve-parisien-s2-l1","source":"I","translation":"I","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"I","morphology":"numeral, roman numeral heading","role":"section heading","gloss":"I"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"reve-parisien-s3-l1","source":"De ce terrible paysage,","translation":"Of that terrible landscape,","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paysage","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of paysage","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"terrible","lemma":"terrible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies paysage","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"paysage","lemma":"paysage","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"landscape"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"reve-parisien-s3-l2","source":"Tel que jamais mortel n'en vit,","translation":"Such as no mortal ever saw,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"n'en vit","title":"The pronoun «en»","body":"«en» stands in for «de + noun», here «de ce paysage» (of that landscape). «jamais mortel n'en vit» = 'no mortal ever saw any of it'. «vit» is the passé simple of «voir», the literary past tense for narration."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tel","lemma":"tel","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"correlative referring back to paysage","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the correlative tel...que","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"jamais","lemma":"jamais","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vit","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"mortel","lemma":"mortel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vit","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"negative particle with vit","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on vit (of it, referring to paysage)","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"vit","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, past historic, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"reve-parisien-s3-l3","source":"Ce matin encore l'image,","translation":"This very morning still the image,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of matin","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"matin","lemma":"matin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adjunct of ravit (s3-l4)","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"encore","lemma":"encore","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies matin","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of image","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"image","lemma":"image","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ravit (s3-l4)","gloss":"image"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"reve-parisien-s3-l4","source":"Vague et lointaine, me ravit.","translation":"Hazy and far-off, enraptures me.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ravit","title":"ravir","body":"«ravir» means 'to enrapture, to carry off, to delight'. «me ravit» = 'enraptures me, sweeps me away'. The verb keeps a trace of its older sense of seizing or abducting, fitting for a dream-vision that takes hold of the poet."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vague","lemma":"vague","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies image (s3-l3)","gloss":"hazy"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lointaine","lemma":"lointain","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Vague","gloss":"far-off"},{"surface":"me","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular, direct object","role":"direct object of ravit","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ravit","lemma":"ravir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"enraptures"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"reve-parisien-s4-l1","source":"Le sommeil est plein de miracles!","translation":"Sleep is full of miracles!","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sommeil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"sommeil","lemma":"sommeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of plein","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to plein","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"plein","lemma":"plein","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking miracles","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"miracles","lemma":"miracle","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of plein","gloss":"miracles"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"reve-parisien-s4-l2","source":"Par un caprice singulier","translation":"By a singular whim","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caprice","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of caprice","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"caprice","lemma":"caprice","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"whim"},{"surface":"singulier","lemma":"singulier","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies caprice","gloss":"singular"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"reve-parisien-s4-l3","source":"J'avais banni de ces spectacles","translation":"I had banished from these spectacles","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"J'avais banni","title":"The pluperfect (plus-que-parfait)","body":"«avais banni» is the plus-que-parfait: «avoir» in the imperfect plus the past participle. It marks an action completed before another past moment — 'I had banished' — setting up the dream-world as already arranged before the scene begins."}],"words":[{"surface":"J'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of banni","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"avais","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"depends on banni","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"banni","lemma":"bannir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"banished"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking spectacles","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of spectacles","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"spectacles","lemma":"spectacle","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of banni","gloss":"spectacles"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"reve-parisien-s4-l4","source":"Le végétal irrégulier,","translation":"All irregular vegetation,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of végétal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"végétal","lemma":"végétal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of banni (s4-l3)","gloss":"vegetation"},{"surface":"irrégulier","lemma":"irrégulier","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies végétal","gloss":"irregular"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"reve-parisien-s5-l1","source":"Et, peintre fier de mon génie,","translation":"And, a painter proud of my genius,","stanza":5,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"peintre","lemma":"peintre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Je (s5-l2)","gloss":"a painter"},{"surface":"fier","lemma":"fier","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies peintre","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking génie","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of génie","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"génie","lemma":"génie","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies peintre","gloss":"genius"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"reve-parisien-s5-l2","source":"Je savourais dans mon tableau","translation":"I savored within my picture","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of savourais","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"savourais","lemma":"savourer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"savored"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tableau","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tableau","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"tableau","lemma":"tableau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of savourais","gloss":"picture"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"reve-parisien-s5-l3","source":"L'enivrante monotonie","translation":"The intoxicating monotony","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"enivrante","title":"enivrant(e)","body":"«enivrant» means 'intoxicating', from «enivrer», 'to make drunk' (related to «ivre», drunk). Pairing it with «monotonie» is a deliberate paradox: the sameness of metal, marble, and water is itself heady, like wine."}],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of monotonie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"enivrante","lemma":"enivrant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies monotonie","gloss":"intoxicating"},{"surface":"monotonie","lemma":"monotonie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of savourais (s5-l2)","gloss":"monotony"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"reve-parisien-s5-l4","source":"Du métal, du marbre et de l'eau.","translation":"Of metal, of marble, and of water.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"de+le","morphology":"preposition, contracted with le","role":"preposition marking métal","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"métal","lemma":"métal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of monotonie","gloss":"metal"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de+le","morphology":"preposition, contracted with le","role":"preposition marking marbre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"marbre","lemma":"marbre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with métal","gloss":"marble"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eau","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of eau","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eau","lemma":"eau","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with métal","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"reve-parisien-s6-l1","source":"Babel d'escaliers et d'arcades,","translation":"A Babel of staircases and arcades,","stanza":6,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Babel","lemma":"Babel","morphology":"noun, proper noun used as common noun","role":"in apposition to palais (s6-l2)","gloss":"a Babel"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking escaliers","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"escaliers","lemma":"escalier","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Babel","gloss":"staircases"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arcades","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"arcades","lemma":"arcade","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with escaliers","gloss":"arcades"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"reve-parisien-s6-l2","source":"C'était un palais infini","translation":"It was an infinite palace","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of palais","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"était","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to palais","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of palais","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"palais","lemma":"palais","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"palace"},{"surface":"infini","lemma":"infini","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies palais","gloss":"infinite"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"reve-parisien-s6-l3","source":"Plein de bassins et de cascades","translation":"Full of basins and of cascades","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Plein","lemma":"plein","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies palais (s6-l2)","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bassins","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bassins","lemma":"bassin","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Plein","gloss":"basins"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cascades","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cascades","lemma":"cascade","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with bassins","gloss":"cascades"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"reve-parisien-s6-l4","source":"Tombant dans l'or mat ou bruni;","translation":"Falling into the gold, matte or burnished;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mat ou bruni","title":"mat / bruni","body":"«mat» means 'matte, dull, without sheen'; «bruni» (past participle of «brunir») means 'burnished, polished to a shine'. The two opposite finishes of gold show the poet relishing the precise textures of his metallic dream."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tombant","lemma":"tomber","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"modifies bassins/cascades (s6-l3)","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking or","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of or","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"or","lemma":"or","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Tombant","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"mat","lemma":"mat","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies or","gloss":"matte"},{"surface":"ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"bruni","lemma":"bruni","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with mat","gloss":"burnished"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"reve-parisien-s7-l1","source":"Et des cataractes pesantes,","translation":"And ponderous cataracts,","stanza":7,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of cataractes","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"cataractes","lemma":"cataracte","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of suspendaient (s7-l3)","gloss":"cataracts"},{"surface":"pesantes","lemma":"pesant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cataractes","gloss":"ponderous"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"reve-parisien-s7-l2","source":"Comme des rideaux de cristal","translation":"Like curtains of crystal","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rideaux","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of rideaux","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"rideaux","lemma":"rideau","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of suspendaient (s7-l3)","gloss":"curtains"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cristal","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cristal","lemma":"cristal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rideaux","gloss":"crystal"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"reve-parisien-s7-l3","source":"Se suspendaient, éblouissantes,","translation":"Hung suspended, dazzling,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se suspendaient","title":"Pronominal verb «se suspendre»","body":"«se suspendre» is the pronominal form of «suspendre». The reflexive «se» gives an intransitive, almost passive sense — 'to hang, to be suspended' — so the cataracts seem to hang of their own accord rather than being hung by anyone."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of suspendaient","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"suspendaient","lemma":"suspendre","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"éblouissantes","lemma":"éblouissant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies cataractes (s7-l1)","gloss":"dazzling"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"reve-parisien-s7-l4","source":"À des murailles de métal.","translation":"From walls of metal.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"À","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking murailles","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of murailles","gloss":"—"},{"surface":"murailles","lemma":"muraille","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of suspendaient (s7-l3)","gloss":"walls"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking métal","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"métal","lemma":"métal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies murailles","gloss":"metal"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"reve-parisien-s8-l1","source":"Non d'arbres, mais de colonnades","translation":"Not with trees, but with colonnades","stanza":8,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Non","lemma":"non","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the negative phrase","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking arbres","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"arbres","lemma":"arbre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Non","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"mais","lemma":"mais","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking colonnades","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"colonnades","lemma":"colonnade","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with arbres","gloss":"colonnades"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"reve-parisien-s8-l2","source":"Les étangs dormants s'entouraient","translation":"The sleeping pools surrounded themselves","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"s'entouraient","title":"s'entourer de","body":"«s'entourer de» = 'to surround oneself with'. The pronominal verb takes «de» before what does the surrounding: «s'entouraient... de colonnades» = 'surrounded themselves with colonnades'. Note the inversion — the object «de colonnades» is fronted ahead of the verb for emphasis."}],"words":[{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of étangs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"étangs","lemma":"étang","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of entouraient","gloss":"pools"},{"surface":"dormants","lemma":"dormant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies étangs","gloss":"sleeping"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on entouraient","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"entouraient","lemma":"entourer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"surrounded"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"reve-parisien-s8-l3","source":"Où de gigantesques naïades,","translation":"Where gigantic naiads,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb","role":"introduces clause modifying étangs","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking naïades","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"gigantesques","lemma":"gigantesque","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies naïades","gloss":"gigantic"},{"surface":"naïades","lemma":"naïade","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of miraient","gloss":"naiads"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"reve-parisien-s8-l4","source":"Comme des femmes, se miraient.","translation":"Like women, gazed at themselves.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"se miraient","title":"se mirer","body":"«se mirer» means 'to look at one's reflection, to be mirrored'. The naiads (water nymphs) «se miraient» in the pools — gazing at their own image in the water, as in a mirror («miroir»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking femmes","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of femmes","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"femmes","lemma":"femme","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of Comme","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive particle of miraient","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"miraient","lemma":"mirer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gazed"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"reve-parisien-s9-l1","source":"Des nappes d'eau s'épanchaient, bleues,","translation":"Sheets of water spread out, blue,","stanza":9,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of nappes","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"nappes","lemma":"nappe","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of épanchaient","gloss":"sheets"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking eau","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"eau","lemma":"eau","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nappes","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on épanchaient","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"épanchaient","lemma":"épancher","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spread out"},{"surface":"bleues","lemma":"bleu","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies nappes","gloss":"blue"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"reve-parisien-s9-l2","source":"Entre des quais roses et verts,","translation":"Between quays of pink and green,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Entre","lemma":"entre","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking quais","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of quais","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"quais","lemma":"quai","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"quays"},{"surface":"roses","lemma":"rose","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies quais","gloss":"pink"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"verts","lemma":"vert","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with roses","gloss":"green"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"reve-parisien-s9-l3","source":"Pendant des millions de lieues,","translation":"For millions of leagues,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pendant","lemma":"pendant","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking millions","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of millions","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"millions","lemma":"million","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"millions"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lieues","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"lieues","lemma":"lieue","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies millions","gloss":"leagues"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"reve-parisien-s9-l4","source":"Vers les confins de l'univers:","translation":"Toward the bounds of the universe:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vers","lemma":"vers","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking confins","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of confins","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"confins","lemma":"confins","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"bounds"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking univers","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of univers","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"univers","lemma":"univers","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies confins","gloss":"universe"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"reve-parisien-s10-l1","source":"C'étaient des pierres inouïes","translation":"There were unheard-of stones","stanza":10,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"inouïes","title":"inouï(e)","body":"«inouï» literally means 'unheard-of' (from «ouïr», an archaic verb 'to hear') and so 'extraordinary, unprecedented'. The diaeresis on the «ï» signals that «ou-ï» is sounded as two separate syllables."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of étaient","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"étaient","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"copula linking to pierres","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of pierres","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"pierres","lemma":"pierre","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"inouïes","lemma":"inouï","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies pierres","gloss":"unheard-of"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"reve-parisien-s10-l2","source":"Et des flots magiques, c'étaient","translation":"And magical waves, there were","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of flots","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"flots","lemma":"flot","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with pierres","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"magiques","lemma":"magique","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies flots","gloss":"magical"},{"surface":"c'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of étaient","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"étaient","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"reve-parisien-s10-l3","source":"D'immenses glaces éblouies","translation":"Immense mirrors dazzled","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"glaces","title":"la glace","body":"«glace» means both 'mirror' and 'ice' (and 'ice cream'). Here it is 'mirrors' — «d'immenses glaces» — though the icy sense glints through in this cold, crystalline scene. «éblouies» = 'dazzled', past participle agreeing with the feminine plural «glaces»."}],"words":[{"surface":"D'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking glaces","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"immenses","lemma":"immense","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies glaces","gloss":"immense"},{"surface":"glaces","lemma":"glace","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mirrors"},{"surface":"éblouies","lemma":"éblouir","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies glaces","gloss":"dazzled"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"reve-parisien-s10-l4","source":"Par tout ce qu'elles reflétaient!","translation":"By all that they reflected!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ce","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies ce","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of reflétaient","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"elles","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, plural","role":"subject of reflétaient","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"reflétaient","lemma":"refléter","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on ce","gloss":"reflected"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"reve-parisien-s11-l1","source":"Insouciants et taciturnes,","translation":"Carefree and taciturn,","stanza":11,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Insouciants","lemma":"insouciant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Ganges","gloss":"carefree"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"taciturnes","lemma":"taciturne","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with Insouciants","gloss":"taciturn"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"reve-parisien-s11-l2","source":"Des Ganges, dans le firmament,","translation":"Ganges rivers, in the firmament,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Ganges","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"Ganges","lemma":"Gange","morphology":"proper noun, plural","role":"subject of Versaient","gloss":"Ganges rivers"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking firmament","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of firmament","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"firmament","lemma":"firmament","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of dans","gloss":"firmament"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"reve-parisien-s11-l3","source":"Versaient le trésor de leurs urnes","translation":"Poured the treasure of their urns","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Versaient","lemma":"verser","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of trésor","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"trésor","lemma":"trésor","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Versaient","gloss":"treasure"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking urnes","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of urnes","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"urnes","lemma":"urne","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies trésor","gloss":"urns"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"reve-parisien-s11-l4","source":"Dans des gouffres de diamant.","translation":"Into chasms of diamond.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking gouffres","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of gouffres","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"gouffres","lemma":"gouffre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"chasms"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking diamant","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"diamant","lemma":"diamant","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies gouffres","gloss":"diamond"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"reve-parisien-s12-l1","source":"Architecte de mes féeries,","translation":"Architect of my enchantments,","stanza":12,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"féeries","title":"la féerie","body":"«féerie» (from «fée», fairy) means a fairy-tale spectacle, an enchantment — and specifically the lavish stage-shows of fairyland popular in Baudelaire's day. The poet casts himself as the author and «architecte» of his own such wonder."}],"words":[{"surface":"Architecte","lemma":"architecte","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"architect"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking féeries","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mes","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of féeries","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"féeries","lemma":"féerie","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies Architecte","gloss":"enchantments"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"reve-parisien-s12-l2","source":"Je faisais, à ma volonté,","translation":"I made, at my will,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of faisais","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"faisais","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking volonté","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of volonté","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"volonté","lemma":"volonté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"depends on faisais","gloss":"will"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"reve-parisien-s12-l3","source":"Sous un tunnel de pierreries","translation":"Beneath a tunnel of gemstones","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sous","lemma":"sous","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tunnel","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tunnel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"tunnel","lemma":"tunnel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tunnel"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pierreries","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pierreries","lemma":"pierreries","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies tunnel","gloss":"gemstones"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"reve-parisien-s12-l4","source":"Passer un océan dompté;","translation":"A tamed ocean pass through;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"faisais... Passer","title":"Causative «faire» + infinitive","body":"«faire» followed by an infinitive means 'to make/have something happen'. «Je faisais... passer un océan» = 'I made an ocean pass'. The construction is split across the stanza, with «faisais» up top and its infinitive «passer» here. «dompté» = 'tamed, subdued' (from «dompter»)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Passer","lemma":"passer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pass through"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of océan","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"océan","lemma":"océan","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Passer","gloss":"ocean"},{"surface":"dompté","lemma":"dompter","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying océan","gloss":"tamed"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"reve-parisien-s13-l1","source":"Et tout, même la couleur noire,","translation":"And everything, even the color black,","stanza":13,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of Semblait","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"même","lemma":"même","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies couleur","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of couleur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"couleur","lemma":"couleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to tout","gloss":"color"},{"surface":"noire","lemma":"noir","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies couleur","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"reve-parisien-s13-l2","source":"Semblait fourbi, clair, irisé;","translation":"Seemed polished, bright, iridescent;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fourbi","title":"fourbi","body":"«fourbir» means 'to scour, to burnish, to polish up' (as one polishes a weapon or metal). «fourbi» = 'scoured bright, gleaming'. Even blackness, in the dream, is buffed to a shine — keeping the whole vision hard, clean, and metallic."}],"words":[{"surface":"Semblait","lemma":"sembler","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"fourbi","lemma":"fourbi","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"complement of Semblait","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"clair","lemma":"clair","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with fourbi","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"irisé","lemma":"irisé","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with fourbi","gloss":"iridescent"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"reve-parisien-s13-l3","source":"Le liquide enchâssait sa gloire","translation":"The liquid enshrined its glory","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"enchâssait","title":"enchâsser","body":"«enchâsser» means 'to set, to mount (a gem in a setting), to enshrine'. The water sets its own brilliance like a jewel within «le rayon cristallisé» — the crystallized ray of the next line — fusing liquid and mineral."}],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of liquide","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"liquide","lemma":"liquide","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of enchâssait","gloss":"liquid"},{"surface":"enchâssait","lemma":"enchâsser","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"enshrined"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gloire","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"gloire","lemma":"gloire","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of enchâssait","gloss":"glory"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"reve-parisien-s13-l4","source":"Dans le rayon cristallisé.","translation":"In the crystallized ray.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rayon","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rayon","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rayon","lemma":"rayon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ray"},{"surface":"cristallisé","lemma":"cristallisé","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies rayon","gloss":"crystallized"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"reve-parisien-s14-l1","source":"Nul astre d'ailleurs, nuls vestiges","translation":"No star, moreover, no trace","stanza":14,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Nul astre, nuls vestiges","title":"«nul» as a negative determiner","body":"«nul» means 'no, not any', a more emphatic, literary equivalent of «aucun». It agrees in gender and number: «nul astre» (m. sg.), «nuls vestiges» (m. pl.). It normally pairs with «ne», but in poetry the «ne» is often dropped, as here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nul","lemma":"nul","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of astre","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"astre","lemma":"astre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"star"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of idiom d'ailleurs","gloss":"of","note":"\"d'ailleurs\" together is an idiom meaning \"moreover, besides.\""},{"surface":"ailleurs","lemma":"ailleurs","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies astre","gloss":"moreover"},{"surface":"nuls","lemma":"nul","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of vestiges","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"vestiges","lemma":"vestige","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with astre","gloss":"trace"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"reve-parisien-s14-l2","source":"De soleil, même au bas du ciel,","translation":"Of sun, even low on the horizon,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soleil","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"soleil","lemma":"soleil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of De","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"même","lemma":"même","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies bas","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bas","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"bas","lemma":"bas","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"low point"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ciel","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ciel","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies bas","gloss":"sky"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"reve-parisien-s14-l3","source":"Pour illuminer ces prodiges,","translation":"To light up these marvels,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of illuminer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"illuminer","lemma":"illuminer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"light up"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of prodiges","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"prodiges","lemma":"prodige","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of illuminer","gloss":"marvels"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"reve-parisien-s14-l4","source":"Qui brillaient d'un feu personnel!","translation":"Which shone with a fire of their own!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of brillaient","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"brillaient","lemma":"briller","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shone"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking feu","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of feu","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"feu","lemma":"feu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of brillaient","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"personnel","lemma":"personnel","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies feu","gloss":"of their own"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"reve-parisien-s15-l1","source":"Et sur ces mouvantes merveilles","translation":"And over these moving marvels","stanza":15,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking merveilles","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of merveilles","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"mouvantes","lemma":"mouvant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies merveilles","gloss":"moving"},{"surface":"merveilles","lemma":"merveille","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"marvels"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"reve-parisien-s15-l2","source":"Planait (terrible nouveauté!","translation":"Hovered (a terrible novelty!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Planait","title":"Subject–verb inversion","body":"The verb «planait» (was hovering, from «planer») comes before its subject «Un silence d'éternité», which arrives only two lines later. Fronting the place («sur ces mouvantes merveilles») and the verb suspends the sentence, letting the silence land as the final, weighted word."}],"words":[{"surface":"Planait","lemma":"planer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hovered"},{"surface":"terrible","lemma":"terrible","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies nouveauté","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"nouveauté","lemma":"nouveauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the parenthetical phrase","gloss":"novelty"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"reve-parisien-s15-l3","source":"Tout pour l'oeil, rien pour les oreilles!)","translation":"All for the eye, nothing for the ears!)","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oeil","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oeil","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oeil","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of pour","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"rien","lemma":"rien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"coordinated with Tout","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oreilles","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of oreilles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oreilles","lemma":"oreille","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"object of pour","gloss":"ears"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"reve-parisien-s15-l4","source":"Un silence d'éternité.","translation":"A silence of eternity.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of silence","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"silence","lemma":"silence","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking éternité","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"éternité","lemma":"éternité","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies silence","gloss":"eternity"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"reve-parisien-s16-l1","source":"II","translation":"II","stanza":16,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"II","lemma":"II","morphology":"numeral","role":"section heading","gloss":"II"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"reve-parisien-s17-l1","source":"En rouvrant mes yeux pleins de flamme","translation":"On reopening my eyes full of flame","stanza":17,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"En rouvrant","title":"«en» + gerund","body":"«en» plus the present participle forms the gerund («le gérondif»), expressing the manner or moment of an action: 'on/while/by doing'. «En rouvrant mes yeux» = 'on reopening my eyes', marking the instant of waking that snaps the dream shut."}],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of rouvrant","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"rouvrant","lemma":"rouvrir","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reopening"},{"surface":"mes","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of yeux","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of rouvrant","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"pleins","lemma":"plein","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies yeux","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking flamme","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"flamme","lemma":"flamme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies yeux","gloss":"flame"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"reve-parisien-s17-l2","source":"J'ai vu l'horreur de mon taudis,","translation":"I saw the horror of my hovel,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"taudis","title":"le taudis","body":"«taudis» means 'hovel, slum, squalid lodging'. After the diamond palace, the single word drops the poet — and us — back into a wretched real room. The whole second part turns on this contrast."}],"words":[{"surface":"J'","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of vu","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ai","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"depends on vu","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"vu","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of horreur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"horreur","lemma":"horreur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of vu","gloss":"horror"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking taudis","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of taudis","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"taudis","lemma":"taudis","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies horreur","gloss":"hovel"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"reve-parisien-s17-l3","source":"Et senti, rentrant dans mon âme,","translation":"And felt, returning into my soul,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"senti","lemma":"sentir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with vu","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"rentrant","lemma":"rentrer","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"adverbial clause on senti","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking âme","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of âme","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"âme","lemma":"âme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of rentrant","gloss":"soul"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"reve-parisien-s17-l4","source":"La pointe des soucis maudits;","translation":"The sting of accursed cares;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pointe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pointe","lemma":"pointe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of senti","gloss":"sting"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking soucis","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"soucis","lemma":"souci","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pointe","gloss":"cares"},{"surface":"maudits","lemma":"maudit","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies soucis","gloss":"accursed"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"reve-parisien-s18-l1","source":"La pendule aux accents funèbres","translation":"The clock with its funereal voice","stanza":18,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of pendule","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"pendule","lemma":"pendule","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"clock"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking accents","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"accents","lemma":"accent","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies pendule","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"funèbres","lemma":"funèbre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies accents","gloss":"funereal"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"reve-parisien-s18-l2","source":"Sonnait brutalement midi,","translation":"Was brutally striking noon,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sonnait","lemma":"sonner","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was striking"},{"surface":"brutalement","lemma":"brutalement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Sonnait","gloss":"brutally"},{"surface":"midi","lemma":"midi","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Sonnait","gloss":"noon"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"reve-parisien-s18-l3","source":"Et le ciel versait des ténèbres","translation":"And the sky was pouring down darkness","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ténèbres","title":"les ténèbres","body":"«ténèbres» is a feminine plural noun with no singular: 'darkness, gloom, shadows'. That the sky pours «des ténèbres» at high noon completes the reversal — the dream was self-lit, the waking world is dark even at midday."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ciel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ciel","lemma":"ciel","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of versait","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"versait","lemma":"verser","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was pouring"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ténèbres","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ténèbres","lemma":"ténèbre","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of versait","gloss":"darkness"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"reve-parisien-s18-l4","source":"Sur le triste monde engourdi.","translation":"Upon the sad, numbed world.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"engourdi","title":"engourdi","body":"«engourdi» means 'numb, torpid, sluggish' (from «engourdir», 'to numb'). It closes the poem on a world deadened and half-asleep — the opposite of the dazzling, hyper-alert dream."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking monde","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"triste","lemma":"triste","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies monde","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"engourdi","lemma":"engourdir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying monde","gloss":"numbed"}]}]}