{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle","title":{"source":"Tu mettrais l'univers entier dans ta ruelle","translated":"You would put the whole universe in your alcove"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle","lines":18},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/je-t-adore-a-l-egal-de-la-voute-nocturne","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/sed-non-satiata","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s1-l1","source":"Tu mettrais l'univers entier dans ta ruelle,","translation":"You would put the whole universe in your alcove,","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ta ruelle","title":"«la ruelle» — the bedside","body":"«ruelle» literally means a 'little street, alley', but in older usage it is the narrow space between a bed and the wall — the alcove where a woman received visitors from her bed. The hyperbole is sexual and devouring: she would cram the entire «univers» into that intimate, bedside space."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of mettrais","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mettrais","lemma":"mettre","morphology":"verb, present, conditional, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would put"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of univers","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"univers","lemma":"univers","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mettrais","gloss":"universe"},{"surface":"entier","lemma":"entier","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies univers","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ruelle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of ruelle","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ruelle","lemma":"ruelle","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of mettrais","gloss":"alcove"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s1-l2","source":"Femme impure! L'ennui rend ton âme cruelle.","translation":"Impure woman! Boredom makes your soul cruel.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"rend ton âme cruelle","title":"«rendre» + adjective — 'to make'","body":"«rendre» followed by an object and an adjective means 'to make (something) X': «l'ennui rend ton âme cruelle» = 'boredom makes your soul cruel'. Distinct from «faire», which takes an infinitive; «rendre» takes the adjective directly. «ennui» here is the book's keynote — a soul-deep weariness, not mere boredom."}],"words":[{"surface":"Femme","lemma":"femme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"impure","lemma":"impur","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Femme","gloss":"impure"},{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of ennui","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ennui","lemma":"ennui","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of rend","gloss":"boredom"},{"surface":"rend","lemma":"rendre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of âme","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"âme","lemma":"âme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of rend","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"cruelle","lemma":"cruel","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of rend","gloss":"cruel"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s1-l3","source":"Pour exercer tes dents à ce jeu singulier,","translation":"To train your teeth at this singular game,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of exercer","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"exercer","lemma":"exercer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"train"},{"surface":"tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dents","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"dents","lemma":"dent","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of exercer","gloss":"teeth"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jeu","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of jeu","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"jeu","lemma":"jeu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dents","gloss":"game"},{"surface":"singulier","lemma":"singulier","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies jeu","gloss":"singular"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s1-l4","source":"Il te faut chaque jour un coeur au râtelier.","translation":"you need each day a heart upon the rack.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"au râtelier","title":"«le râtelier» — the feeding rack","body":"«le râtelier» is the slatted rack on a stable wall from which animals feed (also, colloquially, a set of false teeth). «un coeur au râtelier» casts the woman as a beast at its trough, needing a fresh heart served up daily — the «dents» of the line before now bite into prey, not food."}],"words":[{"surface":"Il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"impersonal subject of faut","gloss":"it","note":"impersonal 'il faut' = 'it is necessary' / 'you need'."},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of faut","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"faut","lemma":"falloir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"chaque","lemma":"chaque","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of jour","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"jour","lemma":"jour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on faut","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of faut","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking râtelier","gloss":"upon the"},{"surface":"râtelier","lemma":"râtelier","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies coeur","gloss":"rack"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s1-l5","source":"Tes yeux, illuminés ainsi que des boutiques","translation":"Your eyes, lit up like shop-fronts","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of yeux","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"illuminés","lemma":"illuminer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"participial phrase modifying yeux","gloss":"lit up"},{"surface":"ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the comparison ainsi que","gloss":"as","note":"'ainsi que' together means 'just as / like'."},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase ainsi","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of boutiques","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"boutiques","lemma":"boutique","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"shop-fronts"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s1-l6","source":"Et des ifs flamboyants dans les fêtes publiques,","translation":"and like blazing yews at public festivals,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"des ifs flamboyants","title":"«l'if» — yew, and the fireworks frame","body":"«if» is the yew tree, but here it names a pyramidal wooden frame studded with candles or fireworks — shaped like a yew — set up to illuminate public celebrations. Paired with the lit «boutiques» (shop-fronts) of the previous line, the simile makes her eyes shine with a borrowed, theatrical, public glare rather than any inner light."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ifs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ifs","lemma":"if","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"yews"},{"surface":"flamboyants","lemma":"flamboyant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies ifs","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fêtes","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of fêtes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fêtes","lemma":"fête","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"modifies ifs","gloss":"festivals"},{"surface":"publiques","lemma":"public","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies fêtes","gloss":"public"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s1-l7","source":"Usent insolemment d'un pouvoir emprunté,","translation":"make insolent use of a borrowed power,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Usent insolemment d'un pouvoir","title":"«user de» — to make use of","body":"«user de quelque chose» (with «de») means 'to make use of, to exercise' something — not to be confused with «user quelque chose», 'to wear it out'. «tes yeux… usent d'un pouvoir emprunté» = 'your eyes wield a borrowed power'. The power is «emprunté» (borrowed): the eyes dazzle without owning what they dazzle by."}],"words":[{"surface":"Usent","lemma":"user","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make use","note":"'user de' = 'to make use of'."},{"surface":"insolemment","lemma":"insolemment","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies Usent","gloss":"insolently"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pouvoir","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pouvoir","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pouvoir","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Usent","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"emprunté","lemma":"emprunter","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"modifies pouvoir","gloss":"borrowed"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s1-l8","source":"Sans connaître jamais la loi de leur beauté.","translation":"without ever knowing the law of their own beauty.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of connaître","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"connaître","lemma":"connaître","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"jamais","lemma":"jamais","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies connaître","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of loi","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"loi","lemma":"loi","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of connaître","gloss":"law"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking beauté","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"leur","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of beauté","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"beauté","lemma":"beauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies loi","gloss":"beauty"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s2-l1","source":"Machine aveugle et sourde, en cruautés féconde!","translation":"Blind and deaf machine, fertile in cruelties!","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"en cruautés féconde","title":"«fécond en» + inverted adjective","body":"«fécond en quelque chose» = 'fertile / teeming in something'. Normal prose order would be «féconde en cruautés»; Baudelaire inverts it to «en cruautés féconde» to land the rhyme on «féconde» (with «monde»). Such adjective inversions are a standard licence of French verse — read the «en…» phrase as completing the adjective that follows it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Machine","lemma":"machine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"machine"},{"surface":"aveugle","lemma":"aveugle","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Machine","gloss":"blind"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sourde","lemma":"sourd","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with aveugle","gloss":"deaf"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cruautés, argument of féconde","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"cruautés","lemma":"cruauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of féconde","gloss":"cruelties"},{"surface":"féconde","lemma":"fécond","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Machine","gloss":"fertile"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s2-l2","source":"Salutaire instrument, buveur du sang du monde,","translation":"Salutary instrument, drinker of the world's blood,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Salutaire","lemma":"salutaire","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies instrument","gloss":"salutary"},{"surface":"instrument","lemma":"instrument","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"instrument"},{"surface":"buveur","lemma":"buveur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to instrument","gloss":"drinker"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sang","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"sang","lemma":"sang","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"complement of buveur","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking monde","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sang","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s2-l3","source":"Comment n'as-tu pas honte et comment n'as-tu pas","translation":"How are you not ashamed, and how have you not","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"n'as-tu pas honte","title":"«avoir honte» — to be ashamed","body":"«avoir honte» (literally 'to have shame') is the French idiom for 'to be ashamed'. The interrogative inversion «n'as-tu pas honte» = 'are you not ashamed?'. The second «comment n'as-tu pas» dangles across the line break, its verb «vu» («vu pâlir tes appas») delivered only in the next line — a suspended, accusing question."}],"words":[{"surface":"Comment","lemma":"comment","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies as","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates as (with pas)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"as","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have","note":"'avoir honte' = 'to be ashamed'."},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, second-person, singular","role":"subject of as","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates as (with n')","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"honte","lemma":"honte","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of as","gloss":"shame"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"comment","lemma":"comment","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies as","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates as (with pas)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"as","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the second clause, governs vu (s2-l4)","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, second-person, singular","role":"subject of as","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"pas","lemma":"pas","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates as (with n')","gloss":"not"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s2-l4","source":"Devant tous les miroirs vu pâlir tes appas?","translation":"before every mirror seen your charms grow pale?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tes appas","title":"«les appas» — charms, allurements","body":"«les appas» (plural, masculine) is a literary word for a woman's physical charms or allurements — close to «attraits». «vu pâlir tes appas» = 'seen your charms grow pale': «pâlir» ('to grow pale, to fade') is the infinitive after «vu», so she has watched her own allure fade in every mirror without shame."}],"words":[{"surface":"Devant","lemma":"devant","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking miroirs","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"tous","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies miroirs","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of miroirs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"miroirs","lemma":"miroir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of Devant, modifies vu pâlir","gloss":"mirrors"},{"surface":"vu","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"past participle depending on as (s2-l3), governs pâlir","gloss":"seen","note":"'vu pâlir tes appas' = 'seen your charms grow pale' (infinitive construction after voir)."},{"surface":"pâlir","lemma":"pâlir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of vu","gloss":"grow pale"},{"surface":"tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of appas","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"appas","lemma":"appas","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of pâlir (object of vu)","gloss":"charms"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s2-l5","source":"La grandeur de ce mal où tu te crois savante","translation":"The grandeur of this evil in which you think yourself learned","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tu te crois savante","title":"«se croire» + adjective","body":"«se croire» is the pronominal 'to believe oneself (to be) X': «tu te crois savante» = 'you think yourself learned / believe yourself an expert' (in «ce mal», this evil). The reflexive «te» refers back to the subject «tu»; «savante» is feminine, agreeing with the woman addressed throughout."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of grandeur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grandeur","lemma":"grandeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"grandeur"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mal","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of mal","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"mal","lemma":"mal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies grandeur","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"où","lemma":"où","morphology":"pronoun","role":"indirect object of crois, refers to mal","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of crois","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"reflexive object of crois","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"crois","lemma":"croire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"relative clause on mal","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"savante","lemma":"savant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicate adjective, complement of te (via crois)","gloss":"learned"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s2-l6","source":"Ne t'a donc jamais fait reculer d'épouvante,","translation":"has it then never made you recoil in dread,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"t'a fait reculer","title":"«faire» + infinitive (causative)","body":"«faire reculer quelqu'un» = 'to make someone draw back': «la grandeur de ce mal… ne t'a jamais fait reculer» = 'the grandeur of this evil has never made you recoil'. The object pronoun «te/t'» precedes the conjugated «faire»; «reculer d'épouvante» — 'to recoil in dread' — gives the cause with «de»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"negates a...fait (with jamais)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"t'","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of reculer","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary of fait","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"donc","lemma":"donc","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fait","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"jamais","lemma":"jamais","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fait","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"fait","lemma":"faire","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (causative)","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"reculer","lemma":"reculer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of fait","gloss":"recoil"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking épouvante","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"épouvante","lemma":"épouvante","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of reculer","gloss":"dread"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s2-l7","source":"Quand la nature, grande en ses desseins cachés,","translation":"when Nature, great in her hidden designs,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quand","lemma":"quand","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of sert (s2-l8)","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nature","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nature","lemma":"nature","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sert (s2-l8)","gloss":"Nature"},{"surface":"grande","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nature","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking desseins","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of desseins","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"desseins","lemma":"dessein","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of grande","gloss":"designs"},{"surface":"cachés","lemma":"cacher","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies desseins","gloss":"hidden"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s2-l8","source":"De toi se sert, ô femme, ô reine des péchés,","translation":"makes use of you, O woman, O queen of sins,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"De toi se sert","title":"«se servir de» — to use","body":"«se servir de quelque chose/quelqu'un» is the pronominal idiom for 'to make use of'. Prose order would be «la nature se sert de toi»; Baudelaire fronts «De toi» for emphasis and rhyme: 'of you Nature makes use'. The fronting puts the woman first as the mere instrument Nature wields."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking toi","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"toi","lemma":"toi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of preposition De, complement of sert","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on sert","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"sert","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"makes use","note":"'se servir de' = 'to make use of'."},{"surface":"ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"vocative particle preceding femme","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"femme","lemma":"femme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, depends on sert","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"vocative particle preceding reine","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"reine","lemma":"reine","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to femme","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking péchés","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"péchés","lemma":"péché","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies reine","gloss":"sins"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s2-l9","source":"— De toi, vil animal, — pour pétrir un génie?","translation":"— of you, vile animal, — to mold a genius?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pour pétrir un génie","title":"«pétrir» — to knead, to mold","body":"«pétrir» is to knead dough or work clay — to shape a malleable mass by hand. «pour pétrir un génie» = 'to mold a genius': Nature uses even this «vil animal» as raw material out of which a genius (the poet himself) is kneaded. The two em-dashes set off «De toi, vil animal» as a contemptuous aside."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking toi","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"toi","lemma":"toi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of De, complement of sert (s2-l8)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"vil","lemma":"vil","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies animal","gloss":"vile"},{"surface":"animal","lemma":"animal","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to toi","gloss":"animal"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of pétrir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"pétrir","lemma":"pétrir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mold"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of génie","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"génie","lemma":"génie","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of pétrir","gloss":"genius"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"tu-mettrais-l-univers-entier-dans-ta-ruelle-s3-l1","source":"Ô fangeuse grandeur! sublime ignominie!","translation":"O miry grandeur! sublime ignominy!","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ô fangeuse grandeur","title":"«fangeux» — miry; the closing oxymorons","body":"«fangeux» means 'muddy, miry, slimy', from «la fange», mire or filth. The final line yokes opposites into two oxymorons — «fangeuse grandeur» (miry grandeur) and «sublime ignominie» (sublime ignominy) — fusing the woman's degradation with the greatness it serves. The whole poem collapses into this single paradox: glory bred out of filth."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces grandeur","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"fangeuse","lemma":"fangeux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies grandeur","gloss":"miry"},{"surface":"grandeur","lemma":"grandeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"grandeur"},{"surface":"sublime","lemma":"sublime","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies ignominie","gloss":"sublime"},{"surface":"ignominie","lemma":"ignominie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ignominy"}]}]}