{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"un-fantome","title":{"source":"Un Fantôme","translated":"A Phantom"},"section":"Spleen and Ideal","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/un-fantome","lines":60},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/le-possede","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/je-te-donne-ces-vers-afin-que-si-mon-nom","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"un-fantome-s1-l1","source":"I Les Ténèbres","translation":"I The Shadows","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Les Ténèbres","title":"ténèbres (f. pl.)","body":"«ténèbres» is a plural-only noun meaning thick, total darkness — deeper and more literary than «obscurité». It carries a moral and funereal charge (the darkness of the tomb, of damnation), which is why the painter is condemned to paint «sur les ténèbres», on darkness itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"I","lemma":"I","morphology":"roman numeral","role":"section number","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of Ténèbres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ténèbres","lemma":"ténèbres","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase (title)","gloss":"Shadows"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"un-fantome-s2-l1","source":"Dans les caveaux d'insondable tristesse","translation":"In the vaults of unfathomable sadness","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking caveaux","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of caveaux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"caveaux","lemma":"caveau","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"vaults"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tristesse","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"insondable","lemma":"insondable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies tristesse","gloss":"unfathomable"},{"surface":"tristesse","lemma":"tristesse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies caveaux","gloss":"sadness"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"un-fantome-s2-l2","source":"Où le Destin m'a déjà relégué;","translation":"where Destiny has already banished me;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb, relative","role":"introduces the clause of relégué, refers to caveaux","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Destin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Destin","lemma":"destin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of relégué","gloss":"Destiny"},{"surface":"m'","lemma":"me","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of relégué","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on relégué","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"déjà","lemma":"déjà","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies relégué","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"relégué","lemma":"reléguer","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"banished"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"un-fantome-s2-l3","source":"Où jamais n'entre un rayon rose et gai;","translation":"where never enters a ray rosy and gay;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb, relative","role":"introduces the clause of entre, refers to caveaux","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"jamais","lemma":"jamais","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies entre","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies entre (negation)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"entre","lemma":"entrer","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"enters","note":"subject rayon follows the verb, a literary inversion after où"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of rayon","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"rayon","lemma":"rayon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of entre","gloss":"ray"},{"surface":"rose","lemma":"rose","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies rayon","gloss":"rosy"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gai","lemma":"gai","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with rose","gloss":"gay"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"un-fantome-s2-l4","source":"Où, seul avec la Nuit, maussade hôtesse,","translation":"where, alone with Night, that sullen hostess,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"maussade hôtesse","title":"maussade","body":"«maussade» = 'sullen, surly, glum'. The personified Night is the poet's «hôtesse» (hostess), and a grim one — the adjective placed before the noun heightens the gloom and sets up the sentence whose main verb («brille») will not arrive until two stanzas later."}],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb, relative","role":"refers to caveaux/ténèbres","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"seul","lemma":"seul","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies the implied subject je","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Nuit","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Nuit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Nuit","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition avec","gloss":"Night"},{"surface":"maussade","lemma":"maussade","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hôtesse","gloss":"sullen"},{"surface":"hôtesse","lemma":"hôtesse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Nuit","gloss":"hostess"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"un-fantome-s3-l1","source":"Je suis comme un peintre qu'un Dieu moqueur","translation":"I am like a painter whom a mocking God","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of suis","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"suis","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"copula linking to peintre","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking peintre","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of peintre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"peintre","lemma":"peintre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"painter"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of Condamne (next line), refers to peintre","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Dieu","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Dieu","lemma":"dieu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Condamne (next line)","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"moqueur","lemma":"moqueur","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Dieu","gloss":"mocking"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"un-fantome-s3-l2","source":"Condamne à peindre, hélas! sur les ténèbres;","translation":"condemns to paint, alas! upon the shadows;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Condamne","lemma":"condamner","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject Dieu, previous line)","gloss":"condemns"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the infinitive clause peindre","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"peindre","lemma":"peindre","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of Condamne","gloss":"paint"},{"surface":"hélas","lemma":"hélas","morphology":"interjection","role":"parenthetical, depends on peindre","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ténèbres","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of ténèbres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ténèbres","lemma":"ténèbres","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of peindre","gloss":"shadows"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"un-fantome-s3-l3","source":"Où, cuisinier aux appétits funèbres,","translation":"where, a cook with funereal appetites,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"adverb, relative","role":"refers to ténèbres","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"cuisinier","lemma":"cuisinier","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to the implied subject je","gloss":"cook"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition + determiner (à + les)","role":"preposition marking appétits","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"appétits","lemma":"appétit","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies cuisinier","gloss":"appetites"},{"surface":"funèbres","lemma":"funèbre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies appétits","gloss":"funereal"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"un-fantome-s3-l4","source":"Je fais bouillir et je mange mon coeur,","translation":"I boil and I eat my own heart,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Je fais bouillir","title":"faire + infinitive (causative)","body":"«faire» + infinitive means 'to make / cause something to happen': «je fais bouillir» = 'I make (it) boil', i.e. 'I boil'. The cook causes the boiling, then eats the result — his own «coeur» — turning despair into a grotesque self-cannibalism."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of fais","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"fais","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (causative)","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"bouillir","lemma":"bouillir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of fais (causative construction)","gloss":"boil"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of mange","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"mange","lemma":"manger","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"coordinated with fais","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of mange","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"un-fantome-s4-l1","source":"Par instants brille, et s'allonge, et s'étale","translation":"At moments there gleams, and stretches, and spreads","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"s'allonge, et s'étale","title":"Pronominal verbs «s'allonger / s'étaler»","body":"Both are reflexive (pronominal): «s'allonger» = 'to stretch / lengthen oneself' and «s'étaler» = 'to spread out, sprawl'. The triple verb «brille… s'allonge… s'étale» belongs to «Un spectre» in the next line — French freely places the subject after a string of verbs, so read the spectre as the thing that gleams and unfurls."}],"words":[{"surface":"Par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking instants","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"instants","lemma":"instant","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"adverbial, depends on brille","gloss":"moments"},{"surface":"brille","lemma":"briller","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject spectre, next line)","gloss":"gleams"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on allonge","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"allonge","lemma":"allonger","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with brille","gloss":"stretches"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on étale","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"étale","lemma":"étaler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with allonge","gloss":"spreads"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"un-fantome-s4-l2","source":"Un spectre fait de grâce et de splendeur.","translation":"a spectre made of grace and splendor.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of spectre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"spectre","lemma":"spectre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of brille/allonge/étale (previous line, inverted)","gloss":"spectre"},{"surface":"fait","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying spectre","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking grâce","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"grâce","lemma":"grâce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of fait","gloss":"grace"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking splendeur","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"splendeur","lemma":"splendeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with grâce","gloss":"splendor"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"un-fantome-s4-l3","source":"À sa rêveuse allure orientale,","translation":"By its dreamy oriental bearing,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"À","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking allure","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of allure","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"rêveuse","lemma":"rêveur","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies allure","gloss":"dreamy"},{"surface":"allure","lemma":"allure","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition à","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"orientale","lemma":"oriental","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies allure","gloss":"oriental"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"un-fantome-s4-l4","source":"Quand il atteint sa totale grandeur,","translation":"when it attains its total grandeur,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Quand","lemma":"quand","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of atteint","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of atteint","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"atteint","lemma":"atteindre","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"attains"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of grandeur","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"totale","lemma":"total","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies grandeur","gloss":"total"},{"surface":"grandeur","lemma":"grandeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of atteint","gloss":"grandeur"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"un-fantome-s4-l5","source":"Je reconnais ma belle visiteuse:","translation":"I recognize my beautiful visitor:","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of reconnais","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"reconnais","lemma":"reconnaître","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"recognize"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of visiteuse","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"belle","lemma":"beau","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies visiteuse","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"visiteuse","lemma":"visiteuse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of reconnais","gloss":"visitor"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"un-fantome-s5-l1","source":"C'est Elle! noire et pourtant lumineuse.","translation":"It is She! dark and yet luminous.","stanza":5,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"noire et pourtant lumineuse","title":"pourtant","body":"«pourtant» = 'yet, nevertheless'. The closing oxymoron — «noire et pourtant lumineuse», dark and yet luminous — defines the whole phantom: a radiant figure rising out of total darkness. It is the volta of this first sonnet, the apparition the long sentence has been building toward."}],"words":[{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to Elle","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of est","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"noire","lemma":"noir","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Elle","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"pourtant","lemma":"pourtant","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies lumineuse","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"lumineuse","lemma":"lumineux","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with noire","gloss":"luminous"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"un-fantome-s6-l1","source":"II Le Parfum","translation":"II The Perfume","stanza":6,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"II","lemma":"II","morphology":"roman numeral","role":"section number","gloss":"II"},{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Parfum","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Parfum","lemma":"parfum","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (title)","gloss":"Perfume"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"un-fantome-s7-l1","source":"Lecteur, as-tu quelquefois respiré","translation":"Reader, have you sometimes breathed in,","stanza":7,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"as-tu quelquefois respiré","title":"Interrogative inversion in the passé composé","body":"A yes/no question by inversion: subject pronoun «tu» flips behind the auxiliary «as», giving «as-tu… respiré?» = 'have you breathed?'. An adverb like «quelquefois» ('sometimes') slips between the auxiliary and the past participle, as it does here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lecteur","lemma":"lecteur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"Reader"},{"surface":"as","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"depends on respiré","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of respiré","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"quelquefois","lemma":"quelquefois","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies respiré","gloss":"sometimes"},{"surface":"respiré","lemma":"respirer","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (with auxiliary as)","gloss":"breathed"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"un-fantome-s7-l2","source":"Avec ivresse et lente gourmandise","translation":"with intoxication and slow greed,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ivresse","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ivresse","lemma":"ivresse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition Avec","gloss":"intoxication"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lente","lemma":"lent","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies gourmandise","gloss":"slow"},{"surface":"gourmandise","lemma":"gourmandise","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with ivresse","gloss":"greed"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"un-fantome-s7-l3","source":"Ce grain d'encens qui remplit une église,","translation":"that grain of incense which fills a church,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ce","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of grain","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"grain","lemma":"grain","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with musc (object of respiré, s7-l1)","gloss":"grain"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking encens","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"encens","lemma":"encens","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies grain","gloss":"incense"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of remplit","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"remplit","lemma":"remplir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on grain","gloss":"fills"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of église","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"église","lemma":"église","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of remplit","gloss":"church"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"un-fantome-s7-l4","source":"Ou d'un sachet le musc invétéré?","translation":"or, from a sachet, the inveterate musk?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking sachet, depends on musc","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sachet","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sachet","lemma":"sachet","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition d', modifies musc","gloss":"sachet"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of musc","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"musc","lemma":"musc","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with grain (object of respiré, s7-l1)","gloss":"musk"},{"surface":"invétéré","lemma":"invétéré","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies musc","gloss":"inveterate"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"un-fantome-s8-l1","source":"Charme profond, magique, dont nous grise","translation":"Deep, magical charm, with which there intoxicates us","stanza":8,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dont nous grise","title":"Relative «dont» + «griser»","body":"«dont» is the relative meaning 'with / of which', standing for the «charme». «griser» = 'to make tipsy, to intoxicate'; «nous» is its object. Word order is inverted for the verse: «dont nous grise… le passé restauré» = 'with which the restored past intoxicates us'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Charme","lemma":"charme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to grain/musc (previous stanzas)","gloss":"charm"},{"surface":"profond","lemma":"profond","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Charme","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"magique","lemma":"magique","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies Charme","gloss":"magical"},{"surface":"dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"oblique argument of grise, refers to Charme","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"direct object of grise","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"grise","lemma":"griser","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause modifying Charme (subject: le passé restauré, next line)","gloss":"intoxicates"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"un-fantome-s8-l2","source":"Dans le présent le passé restauré!","translation":"in the present the restored past!","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking présent","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of présent","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"présent","lemma":"présent","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of grise (previous line)","gloss":"present"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of passé","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"passé","lemma":"passé","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of grise (previous line)","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"restauré","lemma":"restaurer","morphology":"adjective (past participle), masculine, singular","role":"modifies passé","gloss":"restored"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"un-fantome-s8-l3","source":"Ainsi l'amant sur un corps adoré","translation":"Thus the lover, on an adored body,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies cueille (next line)","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of amant","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"amant","lemma":"amant","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of cueille (next line)","gloss":"lover"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking corps","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of corps","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"corps","lemma":"corps","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition sur","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"adoré","lemma":"adorer","morphology":"adjective (past participle), masculine, singular","role":"modifies corps","gloss":"adored"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"un-fantome-s8-l4","source":"Du souvenir cueille la fleur exquise.","translation":"plucks from memory the exquisite flower.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition + determiner (de + le)","role":"preposition marking souvenir","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"souvenir","lemma":"souvenir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of cueille","gloss":"memory"},{"surface":"cueille","lemma":"cueillir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject amant, previous line)","gloss":"plucks"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of fleur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"fleur","lemma":"fleur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of cueille","gloss":"flower"},{"surface":"exquise","lemma":"exquis","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies fleur","gloss":"exquisite"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"un-fantome-s9-l1","source":"De ses cheveux élastiques et lourds,","translation":"From her hair, springy and heavy,","stanza":9,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cheveux, depends on montait (s9-l3)","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of cheveux","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"cheveux","lemma":"cheveu","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of preposition De","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"élastiques","lemma":"élastique","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies cheveux","gloss":"springy"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lourds","lemma":"lourd","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with élastiques","gloss":"heavy"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"un-fantome-s9-l2","source":"Vivant sachet, encensoir de l'alcôve,","translation":"a living sachet, a censer of the alcove,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"encensoir de l'alcôve","title":"encensoir (m.)","body":"«encensoir» is the swinging censer that scatters incense in church. Applied to the beloved's hair, the sacred object is carried into the «alcôve» (the bedroom recess) — the recurring fusion of the liturgical and the erotic that runs through this whole quatrain."}],"words":[{"surface":"Vivant","lemma":"vivant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sachet","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"sachet","lemma":"sachet","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to cheveux (s9-l1)","gloss":"sachet"},{"surface":"encensoir","lemma":"encensoir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to sachet","gloss":"censer"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking alcôve","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of alcôve","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alcôve","lemma":"alcôve","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies encensoir","gloss":"alcove"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"un-fantome-s9-l3","source":"Une senteur montait, sauvage et fauve,","translation":"a scent would rise, savage and wild,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of senteur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"senteur","lemma":"senteur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of montait","gloss":"scent"},{"surface":"montait","lemma":"monter","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would rise"},{"surface":"sauvage","lemma":"sauvage","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies senteur","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fauve","lemma":"fauve","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"coordinated with sauvage","gloss":"wild"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"un-fantome-s10-l1","source":"Et des habits, mousseline ou velours,","translation":"And from her clothes, muslin or velvet,","stanza":10,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition + determiner (de + les)","role":"preposition marking habits, depends on dégageait (s10-l3)","gloss":"from the","note":"contracted 'de + les', functioning like 'De ses cheveux' in the previous stanza"},{"surface":"habits","lemma":"habit","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of preposition des","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"mousseline","lemma":"mousseline","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with habits","gloss":"muslin"},{"surface":"ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"velours","lemma":"velours","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with habits","gloss":"velvet"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"un-fantome-s10-l2","source":"Tout imprégnés de sa jeunesse pure,","translation":"all steeped in her pure youth,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies imprégnés","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"imprégnés","lemma":"imprégner","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, plural","role":"modifies habits (previous line)","gloss":"steeped"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jeunesse","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of jeunesse","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"jeunesse","lemma":"jeunesse","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of imprégnés","gloss":"youth"},{"surface":"pure","lemma":"pur","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies jeunesse","gloss":"pure"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"un-fantome-s10-l3","source":"Se dégageait un parfum de fourrure.","translation":"there breathed forth a perfume of fur.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Se dégageait un parfum","title":"Pronominal «se dégager» + inverted subject","body":"«se dégager» = 'to be released, to emanate'. The verb opens the line and the real subject, «un parfum de fourrure», follows it — a common verse inversion. Read it as 'a perfume of fur emanated', the scent rising off the worn fabric."}],"words":[{"surface":"Se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on dégageait","gloss":"itself","note":"impersonal reflexive construction: 'se dégageait' = 'there emanated'"},{"surface":"dégageait","lemma":"dégager","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"emanated"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of parfum","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"parfum","lemma":"parfum","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dégageait (inverted)","gloss":"perfume"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fourrure","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"fourrure","lemma":"fourrure","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies parfum","gloss":"fur"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"un-fantome-s11-l1","source":"III Le Cadre","translation":"III The Frame","stanza":11,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"III","lemma":"III","morphology":"roman numeral","role":"section number","gloss":"III"},{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Cadre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Cadre","lemma":"cadre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (title)","gloss":"Frame"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"un-fantome-s12-l1","source":"Comme un beau cadre ajoute à la peinture,","translation":"As a fine frame adds to a painting,","stanza":12,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of ajoute","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cadre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"beau","lemma":"beau","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cadre","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"cadre","lemma":"cadre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ajoute","gloss":"frame"},{"surface":"ajoute","lemma":"ajouter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"adds"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking peinture","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of peinture","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"peinture","lemma":"peinture","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of ajoute","gloss":"painting"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"un-fantome-s12-l2","source":"Bien qu'elle soit d'un pinceau très-vanté,","translation":"though it be by a much-praised brush,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Bien qu'elle soit","title":"«bien que» + subjunctive","body":"«bien que» ('although') always governs the subjunctive: «soit» is the present subjunctive of «être». «Bien qu'elle soit d'un pinceau très-vanté» = 'although it [the painting] be by a much-praised brush' — even a masterpiece is set off by its frame."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the compound conjunction bien que (although)","gloss":"although"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the concessive clause of soit","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of soit","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"soit","lemma":"être","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the concessive clause","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pinceau","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pinceau","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pinceau","lemma":"pinceau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of soit","gloss":"brush"},{"surface":"très","lemma":"très","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vanté","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"vanté","lemma":"vanter","morphology":"adjective (past participle), masculine, singular","role":"modifies pinceau","gloss":"praised"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"un-fantome-s12-l3","source":"Je ne sais quoi d'étrange et d'enchanté","translation":"an I-know-not-what of strangeness and enchantment,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Je ne sais quoi","title":"un je-ne-sais-quoi","body":"«je ne sais quoi» — literally 'I don't know what' — is a fixed expression for an indefinable, elusive quality. The frame lends the painting «je ne sais quoi d'étrange et d'enchanté», a strange, enchanted something, by isolating it from the vastness of nature."}],"words":[{"surface":"Je","lemma":"je","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of sais","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sais (negation)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sais","lemma":"savoir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the idiom je ne sais quoi","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"quoi","lemma":"quoi","morphology":"pronoun","role":"direct object of sais","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking étrange, depends on quoi","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"étrange","lemma":"étrange","morphology":"adjective (used as noun), singular","role":"depends on quoi","gloss":"strangeness"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking enchanté, depends on quoi","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"enchanté","lemma":"enchanté","morphology":"adjective (used as noun), masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with étrange","gloss":"enchantment"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"un-fantome-s12-l4","source":"En l'isolant de l'immense nature,","translation":"by isolating it from the immense expanse of nature,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"En","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the gerund clause isolant","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of isolant","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"isolant","lemma":"isoler","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"main verb of the gerund clause","gloss":"isolating"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nature","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of nature","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"immense","lemma":"immense","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies nature","gloss":"immense"},{"surface":"nature","lemma":"nature","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition de","gloss":"nature"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"un-fantome-s13-l1","source":"Ainsi bijoux, meubles, métaux, dorure,","translation":"so jewels, furniture, metals, gilding,","stanza":13,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies adaptaient (next line)","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"bijoux","lemma":"bijou","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of adaptaient (next line)","gloss":"jewels"},{"surface":"meubles","lemma":"meuble","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with bijoux","gloss":"furniture"},{"surface":"métaux","lemma":"métal","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with bijoux","gloss":"metals"},{"surface":"dorure","lemma":"dorure","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with bijoux","gloss":"gilding"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"un-fantome-s13-l2","source":"S'adaptaient juste à sa rare beauté;","translation":"fitted themselves exactly to her rare beauty;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"S'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on adaptaient","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"adaptaient","lemma":"adapter","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fitted"},{"surface":"juste","lemma":"juste","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies adaptaient","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking beauté","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of beauté","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"rare","lemma":"rare","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies beauté","gloss":"rare"},{"surface":"beauté","lemma":"beauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of adaptaient","gloss":"beauty"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"un-fantome-s13-l3","source":"Rien n'offusquait sa parfaite clarté,","translation":"nothing dimmed her perfect brightness,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Rien n'offusquait","title":"offusquer","body":"Today «offusquer» means 'to offend, to shock', but in its older, literal sense — the one Baudelaire uses — it means 'to darken, to obscure, to overshadow'. «Rien n'offusquait sa parfaite clarté» = 'nothing dimmed her perfect brightness'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Rien","lemma":"rien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of offusquait","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies offusquait (negation)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"offusquait","lemma":"offusquer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dimmed"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of clarté","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"parfaite","lemma":"parfait","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies clarté","gloss":"perfect"},{"surface":"clarté","lemma":"clarté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of offusquait","gloss":"brightness"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"un-fantome-s13-l4","source":"Et tout semblait lui servir de bordure.","translation":"and everything seemed to serve her as a border.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of semblait","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"semblait","lemma":"sembler","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of servir","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"servir","lemma":"servir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of semblait","gloss":"to serve"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bordure","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"bordure","lemma":"bordure","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of servir","gloss":"border"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"un-fantome-s14-l1","source":"Même on eût dit parfois qu'elle croyait","translation":"One might even have said at times that she believed","stanza":14,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"on eût dit","title":"«on eût dit» (past conditional)","body":"«eût dit» is the past conditional (literary form, here in the «-eût» subjunctive shape): 'one would have said'. The idiom «on eût dit que…» means 'it was as if…', conveying a strong impression. The circumflex distinguishes «eût» (imparfait du subjonctif of avoir) from «eut» (passé simple of avoir, 3rd-person singular), which are homophones differing only in spelling."}],"words":[{"surface":"Même","lemma":"même","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dit","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"on","lemma":"on","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of dit","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"eût","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on dit","gloss":"might have"},{"surface":"dit","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, past participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"parfois","lemma":"parfois","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies dit","gloss":"at times"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of croyait","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of croyait","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"croyait","lemma":"croire","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"clausal complement of dit","gloss":"believed"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"un-fantome-s14-l2","source":"Que tout voulait l'aimer; elle noyait","translation":"that everything longed to love her; she drowned","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of voulait","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of voulait","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"voulait","lemma":"vouloir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"longed"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of aimer","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"aimer","lemma":"aimer","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"complement of voulait","gloss":"to love"},{"surface":"elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of noyait","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"noyait","lemma":"noyer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drowned"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"un-fantome-s14-l3","source":"Sa nudité voluptueusement","translation":"her nakedness voluptuously","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nudité","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"nudité","lemma":"nudité","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of noyait (previous line)","gloss":"nakedness"},{"surface":"voluptueusement","lemma":"voluptueusement","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies noyait (previous line)","gloss":"voluptuously"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"un-fantome-s15-l1","source":"Dans les baisers du satin et du linge,","translation":"in the kisses of satin and of linen,","stanza":15,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking baisers","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of baisers","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"baisers","lemma":"baiser","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of preposition Dans","gloss":"kisses"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition + determiner (de + le)","role":"preposition marking satin","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"satin","lemma":"satin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies baisers","gloss":"satin"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition + determiner (de + le)","role":"preposition marking linge","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"linge","lemma":"linge","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with satin","gloss":"linen"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"un-fantome-s15-l2","source":"Et, lente ou brusque, à chaque mouvement","translation":"and, slow or abrupt, with each movement","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with the previous line","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lente","lemma":"lent","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with brusque","gloss":"slow"},{"surface":"ou","lemma":"ou","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"brusque","lemma":"brusque","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with lente","gloss":"abrupt"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mouvement","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"chaque","lemma":"chaque","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of mouvement","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"mouvement","lemma":"mouvement","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of the preposition à","gloss":"movement"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"un-fantome-s15-l3","source":"Montrait la grâce enfantine du singe.","translation":"she showed the childlike grace of the monkey.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la grâce enfantine du singe","title":"le singe","body":"«singe» = 'monkey, ape'. The startling final image likens the beloved's supple movements to a monkey's «grâce enfantine», childlike grace — playful and faintly animal at once. Baudelaire keeps the same simian comparison in «Au Lecteur», where vice has its menagerie."}],"words":[{"surface":"Montrait","lemma":"montrer","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of grâce","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grâce","lemma":"grâce","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of Montrait","gloss":"grace"},{"surface":"enfantine","lemma":"enfantin","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies grâce","gloss":"childlike"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking singe","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"singe","lemma":"singe","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies grâce","gloss":"monkey"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"un-fantome-s16-l1","source":"IV Le Portrait","translation":"IV The Portrait","stanza":16,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"IV","lemma":"IV","morphology":"numeral","role":"heading number","gloss":"IV"},{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Portrait","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Portrait","lemma":"portrait","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Portrait"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"un-fantome-s17-l1","source":"La Maladie et la Mort font des cendres","translation":"Sickness and Death make ashes","stanza":17,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Maladie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Maladie","lemma":"maladie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of font","gloss":"Sickness"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Mort","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mort","lemma":"mort","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Maladie","gloss":"Death"},{"surface":"font","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of cendres","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"cendres","lemma":"cendre","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"direct object of font","gloss":"ashes"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"un-fantome-s17-l2","source":"De tout le feu qui pour nous flamboya.","translation":"of all the fire that blazed for us.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"qui pour nous flamboya","title":"passé simple «flamboya»","body":"«flamboya» is the passé simple (literary past tense) of «flamboyer», 'to blaze'. The passé simple seals the action as finished and remote — the fire «flamboya», blazed and is over — fitting the elegy: every flame of that love is now reduced to ash."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking feu","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"tout","lemma":"tout","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies feu","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of feu","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"feu","lemma":"feu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of flamboya","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"pour","lemma":"pour","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nous","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"object of the preposition pour","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"flamboya","lemma":"flamboyer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (qui flamboya)","gloss":"blazed"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"un-fantome-s17-l3","source":"De ces grands yeux si fervents et si tendres,","translation":"Of those great eyes so fervent and so tender,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yeux","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of yeux","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"grands","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies yeux","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies fervents","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"fervents","lemma":"fervent","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies yeux","gloss":"fervent"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"si","lemma":"si","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tendres","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"tendres","lemma":"tendre","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"coordinated with fervents","gloss":"tender"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"un-fantome-s17-l4","source":"De cette bouche où mon coeur se noya,","translation":"of that mouth where my heart drowned,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"où mon coeur se noya","title":"Pronominal «se noyer» in the passé simple","body":"«se noyer» = 'to drown (oneself)', a pronominal verb; «se noya» is its passé simple. «mon coeur se noya» = 'my heart drowned'. The anaphora «De ces… De cette… De ces…» piles up everything now lost before the question «Que reste-t-il?» finally arrives."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bouche","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cette","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of bouche","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"bouche","lemma":"bouche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"où","lemma":"où","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"introduces the relative clause on bouche","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of coeur","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"coeur","lemma":"coeur","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of noya","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"reflexive pronoun of noya","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"noya","lemma":"noyer","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause verb on bouche","gloss":"drowned"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"un-fantome-s18-l1","source":"De ces baisers puissants comme un dictame,","translation":"Of those kisses potent as a balm,","stanza":18,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"un dictame","title":"le dictame","body":"«dictame» is dittany, an aromatic herb prized since antiquity for healing wounds; by extension it means a soothing balm or remedy. The kisses are «puissants comme un dictame» — potent as a balm — a cure now lost to sickness and death."}],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking baisers","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of baisers","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"baisers","lemma":"baiser","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"kisses"},{"surface":"puissants","lemma":"puissant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies baisers","gloss":"potent"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dictame","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dictame","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dictame","lemma":"dictame","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comme, modifies baisers","gloss":"balm"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"un-fantome-s18-l2","source":"De ces transports plus vifs que des rayons,","translation":"of those raptures more vivid than sunbeams,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking transports","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ces","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of transports","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"transports","lemma":"transport","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"raptures"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vifs","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"vifs","lemma":"vif","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies transports","gloss":"vivid"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with rayons","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of rayons","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"rayons","lemma":"rayon","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"depends on vifs (comparison)","gloss":"sunbeams"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"un-fantome-s18-l3","source":"Que reste-t-il? C'est affreux, ô mon âme!","translation":"what remains? It is dreadful, O my soul!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Que reste-t-il?","title":"Impersonal «il reste» + inversion","body":"«il reste» is impersonal — 'there remains'. As a question it inverts to «reste-t-il?», with the euphonic «-t-» inserted between two vowels. «Que reste-t-il?» = 'what remains?' — the hinge of the sonnet, turning from the catalogue of splendors to the meager answer that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"Que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, interrogative","role":"subject of reste","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"reste","lemma":"rester","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remains"},{"surface":"-t","lemma":"-t-","morphology":"euphonic liaison particle","role":"euphonic liaison before -il, no meaning","gloss":"(euphonic)","note":"An inserted \"t\" for pronunciation between the verb and the inverted pronoun \"il\"; it carries no meaning."},{"surface":"-il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"expletive subject of reste (inverted)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"C'","lemma":"ce","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of est","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to affreux","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"affreux","lemma":"affreux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective of est","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"ô","lemma":"ô","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces the vocative mon âme","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of âme","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"âme","lemma":"âme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, following ô","gloss":"soul"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"un-fantome-s18-l4","source":"Rien qu'un dessin fort pâle, aux trois crayons,","translation":"Nothing but a very pale drawing, in three crayons,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Rien","lemma":"rien","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"restrictive particle","role":"restricts Rien, meaning \"only\"","gloss":"but","note":"\"Rien que\" is the ne...que idiom for \"nothing but/only.\""},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of dessin","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"dessin","lemma":"dessin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"apposed to Rien","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"fort","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pâle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"pâle","lemma":"pâle","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies dessin","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crayons","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"trois","lemma":"trois","morphology":"numeral","role":"quantifies crayons","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"crayons","lemma":"crayon","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of aux","gloss":"crayons"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"un-fantome-s19-l1","source":"Qui, comme moi, meurt dans la solitude,","translation":"which, like me, is dying in solitude,","stanza":19,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of meurt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking moi","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"moi","lemma":"moi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"meurt","lemma":"mourir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is dying"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking solitude","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of solitude","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"solitude","lemma":"solitude","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of meurt","gloss":"solitude"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"un-fantome-s19-l2","source":"Et que le Temps, injurieux vieillard,","translation":"and which Time, that insulting old man,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of frotte (coordinated with qui, both referring back to the antecedent 'ce peu de couleurs')","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Temps","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Temps","lemma":"temps","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of frotte (next line)","gloss":"Time","note":"Subject of \"frotte\" in the following line (Chaque jour frotte...)."},{"surface":"injurieux","lemma":"injurieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies vieillard","gloss":"insulting"},{"surface":"vieillard","lemma":"vieillard","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Temps","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"un-fantome-s19-l3","source":"Chaque jour frotte avec son aile rude...","translation":"each day rubs away with his coarse wing...","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Chaque","lemma":"chaque","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of jour","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"jour","lemma":"jour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"temporal adverbial modifying frotte","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"frotte","lemma":"frotter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: le Temps)","gloss":"rubs away"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking aile","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of aile","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"aile","lemma":"aile","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of avec","gloss":"wing"},{"surface":"rude","lemma":"rude","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies aile","gloss":"coarse"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"un-fantome-s20-l1","source":"Noir assassin de la Vie et de l'Art,","translation":"Black assassin of Life and of Art,","stanza":20,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Noir","lemma":"noir","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies assassin","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"assassin","lemma":"assassin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase, vocative","gloss":"assassin"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Vie","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Vie","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Vie","lemma":"vie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of de","gloss":"Life"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Art","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of Art","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Art","lemma":"art","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Vie","gloss":"Art"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"un-fantome-s20-l2","source":"Tu ne tueras jamais dans ma mémoire","translation":"you will never kill within my memory","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tu ne tueras jamais","title":"Future tense + «ne… jamais»","body":"«tueras» is the simple future of «tuer», 'to kill'; the negation «ne… jamais» = 'never'. Addressed to Time, «Tu ne tueras jamais» = 'you will never kill' — the defiant vow that closes the sequence: memory outlasts the assassin."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of tueras","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ne","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tueras","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"tueras","lemma":"tuer","morphology":"verb, future, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will kill"},{"surface":"jamais","lemma":"jamais","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies tueras","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mémoire","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mémoire","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"mémoire","lemma":"mémoire","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of tueras","gloss":"memory"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"un-fantome-s20-l3","source":"Celle qui fut mon plaisir et ma gloire!","translation":"her who was my pleasure and my glory!","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Celle qui fut","title":"Demonstrative «celle» + passé simple «fut»","body":"«celle» = 'she, the one (feminine)', here the object of «tueras». «fut» is the passé simple of «être», 'was'. «Celle qui fut mon plaisir et ma gloire» = 'she who was my pleasure and my glory' — the beloved, named only by what she was, saved from Time in the poet's memory."}],"words":[{"surface":"Celle","lemma":"celui","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of tueras (previous line)","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"subject of fut","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"fut","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to plaisir","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"mon","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of plaisir","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"plaisir","lemma":"plaisir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"predicate noun of fut (relative clause on Celle)","gloss":"pleasure"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ma","lemma":"mon","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of gloire","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"gloire","lemma":"gloire","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with plaisir","gloss":"glory"}]}]}