{"work":{"slug":"baudelaire","title":{"source":"Les Fleurs du mal","translated":"The Flowers of Evil"},"author":"Charles Baudelaire","language":"French","languageCode":"fr","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"une-martyre","title":{"source":"Une Martyre","translated":"A Martyr"},"section":"Flowers of Evil","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/une-martyre","lines":61},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/la-destruction","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/baudelaire/femmes-damnees-comme-un-betail-pensif","license":"Source text: public domain (Charles Baudelaire, d. 1867). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original draft, pending editorial review.","audioBase":null,"lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"une-martyre-s1-l1","source":"Dessin d'un Maître inconnu","translation":"Drawing by an unknown Master","stanza":1,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dessin","lemma":"dessin","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Drawing"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Maître","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Maître","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Maître","lemma":"maître","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of d', modifies Dessin","gloss":"Master"},{"surface":"inconnu","lemma":"inconnu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Maître","gloss":"unknown"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"une-martyre-s2-l1","source":"Au milieu des flacons, des étoffes lamées","translation":"Amid the phials, the lamé fabrics","stanza":2,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"étoffes lamées","title":"«lamé»","body":"«lamé» describes cloth interwoven with thin strips of gold or silver — what English also calls 'lamé'. «étoffes lamées» are these glittering, metal-shot fabrics; the opening piles up the boudoir's luxuries («flacons» = perfume phials) before the body is revealed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Au","lemma":"à+le","morphology":"preposition + determiner, masculine, singular","role":"preposition marking milieu","gloss":"Amid the"},{"surface":"milieu","lemma":"milieu","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"midst"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de+le","morphology":"preposition + determiner, plural","role":"preposition marking flacons","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"flacons","lemma":"flacon","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of des, modifies milieu","gloss":"phials"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de+le","morphology":"preposition + determiner, plural","role":"preposition marking étoffes, coordinated with des flacons","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"étoffes","lemma":"étoffe","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with flacons","gloss":"fabrics"},{"surface":"lamées","lemma":"lamé","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies étoffes","gloss":"lamé","note":"Lamé: fabric interwoven with metallic thread."}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"une-martyre-s2-l2","source":"Et des meubles voluptueux,","translation":"and the voluptuous furnishings,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of meubles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"meubles","lemma":"meuble","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with étoffes","gloss":"furnishings"},{"surface":"voluptueux","lemma":"voluptueux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies meubles","gloss":"voluptuous"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"une-martyre-s2-l3","source":"Des marbres, des tableaux, des robes parfumées","translation":"marbles, paintings, perfumed gowns","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of marbres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"marbres","lemma":"marbre","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with meubles","gloss":"marbles"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of tableaux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tableaux","lemma":"tableau","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with marbres","gloss":"paintings"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of robes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"robes","lemma":"robe","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with tableaux","gloss":"gowns"},{"surface":"parfumées","lemma":"parfumé","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies robes","gloss":"perfumed"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"une-martyre-s2-l4","source":"Qui traînent à plis somptueux,","translation":"that trail in sumptuous folds,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"traînent à plis somptueux","title":"«traîner» / «à plis»","body":"«traîner» here is intransitive, '(of clothes) to trail, to drag along the ground'. «à plis somptueux» uses «à» to describe a defining feature — 'in / with sumptuous folds'. The gowns lie heaped and trailing, the room's opulence framing the corpse to come."}],"words":[{"surface":"Qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"relative pronoun","role":"subject of traînent","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"traînent","lemma":"traîner","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause on robes","gloss":"trail"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plis","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"plis","lemma":"pli","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of traînent","gloss":"folds"},{"surface":"somptueux","lemma":"somptueux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies plis","gloss":"sumptuous"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"une-martyre-s3-l1","source":"Dans une chambre tiède où, comme en une serre,","translation":"In a warm chamber where, as in a hothouse,","stanza":3,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chambre","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of chambre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"chambre","lemma":"chambre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of Dans","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"tiède","lemma":"tiède","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies chambre","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"où","lemma":"où","morphology":"relative adverb","role":"introduces the relative clause on chambre","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison en une serre","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking serre","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of serre","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"serre","lemma":"serre","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of en","gloss":"hothouse"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"une-martyre-s3-l2","source":"L'air est dangereux et fatal,","translation":"the air is dangerous and deadly,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of air","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"air","lemma":"air","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dangereux","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to dangereux","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"dangereux","lemma":"dangereux","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"dangerous"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fatal","lemma":"fatal","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with dangereux","gloss":"deadly"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"une-martyre-s3-l3","source":"Où des bouquets mourants dans leurs cercueils de verre","translation":"where dying bouquets, in their coffins of glass,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"cercueils de verre","title":"«cercueil»","body":"A «cercueil» (m.) is a coffin. The flower vases become «cercueils de verre» — coffins of glass — so that the wilting bouquets are already corpses on display, a small rehearsal of the woman's body. «mourants» is the present participle of «mourir» (to die) used adjectivally: 'dying'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Où","lemma":"où","morphology":"relative adverb","role":"introduces the relative clause, modifies Exhalent (next segment)","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bouquets","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"bouquets","lemma":"bouquet","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of Exhalent (next segment)","gloss":"bouquets"},{"surface":"mourants","lemma":"mourant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies bouquets","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking cercueils","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"leurs","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of cercueils","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"cercueils","lemma":"cercueil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"object of dans, modifies bouquets","gloss":"coffins"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking verre","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"verre","lemma":"verre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de, modifies cercueils","gloss":"glass"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"une-martyre-s3-l4","source":"Exhalent leur soupir final,","translation":"breathe out their final sigh,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Exhalent","lemma":"exhaler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"relative clause verb, subject bouquets (previous segment)","gloss":"breathe out"},{"surface":"leur","lemma":"leur","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of soupir","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"soupir","lemma":"soupir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Exhalent","gloss":"sigh"},{"surface":"final","lemma":"final","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies soupir","gloss":"final"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"une-martyre-s4-l1","source":"Un cadavre sans tête épanche, comme un fleuve,","translation":"A headless corpse pours out, like a river,","stanza":4,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"épanche","title":"«épancher»","body":"«épancher» means 'to pour out, to shed, to let flow'. The headless «cadavre» (corpse) «épanche … un sang rouge et vivant» — pours out, like a river, a red and living blood. The verb's object arrives two lines later, the syntax spilling across the lines like the blood itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of cadavre","gloss":"A"},{"surface":"cadavre","lemma":"cadavre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of épanche","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tête","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"tête","lemma":"tête","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of sans, modifies cadavre","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"épanche","lemma":"épancher","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pours out"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fleuve","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of fleuve","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fleuve","lemma":"fleuve","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of comme","gloss":"river"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"une-martyre-s4-l2","source":"Sur l'oreiller désaltéré","translation":"onto the slaked pillow","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"désaltéré","title":"«désaltérer»","body":"«désaltérer» means 'to quench the thirst of, to slake'. The past participle «désaltéré» here turns the bloodstained pillow into something that has drunk its fill — 'the slaked pillow'. The conceit runs on in the next lines, where the linen «s'abreuve» (drinks) with the «avidité d'un pré» (the greed of a meadow)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking oreiller","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of oreiller","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"oreiller","lemma":"oreiller","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"pillow"},{"surface":"désaltéré","lemma":"désaltérer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying oreiller","gloss":"slaked"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"une-martyre-s4-l3","source":"Un sang rouge et vivant, dont la toile s'abreuve","translation":"a red and living blood, on which the linen drinks","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dont la toile s'abreuve","title":"«dont» + «s'abreuver de»","body":"«s'abreuver de qqch.» is the pronominal 'to drink one's fill of, to slake oneself on'. The relative «dont» stands in for «de + le sang»: «un sang … dont la toile s'abreuve» = 'a blood on which the linen drinks its fill'. «la toile» (the cloth, the canvas) keeps the painterly metaphor alive even here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of sang","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"sang","lemma":"sang","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"rouge","lemma":"rouge","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies sang","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vivant","lemma":"vivant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with rouge (modifies sang)","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun","role":"indirect object of abreuve","gloss":"on which"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of toile","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"toile","lemma":"toile","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of abreuve","gloss":"linen"},{"surface":"s'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on abreuve","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"abreuve","lemma":"abreuver","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on sang","gloss":"drinks"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"une-martyre-s4-l4","source":"Avec l'avidité d'un pré.","translation":"with the greed of a meadow.","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking avidité","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of avidité","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"avidité","lemma":"avidité","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"greed"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pré","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of pré","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"pré","lemma":"pré","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies avidité","gloss":"meadow"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"une-martyre-s5-l1","source":"Semblable aux visions pâles qu'enfante l'ombre","translation":"Like the pale visions that the shadow breeds","stanza":5,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"qu'enfante l'ombre","title":"Inverted subject after «que»","body":"«enfanter» means 'to give birth to, to bring forth, to breed'. After the relative «que» the subject is inverted to follow its verb: «les visions … qu'enfante l'ombre» = 'the visions that the shadow brings forth' — «l'ombre» is the subject, «que» (the visions) the object. The head, described next, is likened to such dream-apparitions."}],"words":[{"surface":"Semblable","lemma":"semblable","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking visions","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"visions","lemma":"vision","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Semblable","gloss":"visions"},{"surface":"pâles","lemma":"pâle","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies visions","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of enfante (referring to visions)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"enfante","lemma":"enfanter","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on visions (verb, subject l'ombre)","gloss":"breeds","note":"Tagger mistook the verb 'enfante' (from enfanter, to give birth to/beget) for a noun."},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ombre","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ombre","lemma":"ombre","morphology":"noun, singular","role":"subject of enfante","gloss":"shadow"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"une-martyre-s5-l2","source":"Et qui nous enchaînent les yeux,","translation":"and that fetter our eyes,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of enchaînent","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nous","lemma":"nous","morphology":"pronoun, plural","role":"indirect object of enchaînent (dative: to us)","gloss":"us","note":"'nous' is a dative object here (\"chains our eyes to us\"), not the subject — 'qui' is."},{"surface":"enchaînent","lemma":"enchaîner","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fetter"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of yeux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of enchaînent","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"une-martyre-s5-l3","source":"La tête, avec l'amas de sa crinière sombre","translation":"the head, with the mass of its dark mane","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"crinière","title":"«crinière»","body":"A «crinière» is properly a mane — the long hair on a horse's or lion's neck. Applied to the woman's hair it is faintly bestial and wild, an «amas» (heap, mass) of dark hair. The subject «La tête» finally lands here after the long simile of the previous lines; its verb «Repose» arrives only in the next stanza."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of tête","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tête","lemma":"tête","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"avec","lemma":"avec","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amas","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of amas","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"amas","lemma":"amas","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tête","gloss":"mass"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crinière","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"sa","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of crinière","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"crinière","lemma":"crinière","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies amas","gloss":"mane"},{"surface":"sombre","lemma":"sombre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies crinière","gloss":"dark"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"une-martyre-s5-l4","source":"Et de ses bijoux précieux,","translation":"and its precious jewels,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bijoux","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of bijoux","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"bijoux","lemma":"bijou","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"jewels"},{"surface":"précieux","lemma":"précieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies bijoux","gloss":"precious"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"une-martyre-s6-l1","source":"Sur la table de nuit, comme une renoncule,","translation":"on the night table, like a buttercup,","stanza":6,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"renoncule","title":"«renoncule»","body":"A «renoncule» is a buttercup or ranunculus. The severed head set on the bedside table is likened to a cut flower in a vase — an obscene tenderness typical of the poem, which keeps draping horror in the imagery of the boudoir and the garden."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking table","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of table","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"table","lemma":"table","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"table"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking nuit","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"nuit","lemma":"nuit","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies table","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of renoncule","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of renoncule","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"renoncule","lemma":"renoncule","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"compared to tête (via comme; tête is the subject of Repose, s6-l2)","gloss":"buttercup"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"une-martyre-s6-l2","source":"Repose; et, vide de pensers,","translation":"rests; and, empty of thoughts,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"pensers","title":"«penser» as a noun","body":"«pensers» is an archaic, poetic noun, 'thoughts, musings' — the substantive use of the verb «penser» (to think), favored by older verse for its elevated ring. «vide de pensers» = 'empty of thoughts'. «Repose» (rests) is at last the main verb of «La tête», held back across five lines."}],"words":[{"surface":"Repose","lemma":"repose","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: la tête, s5-l3)","gloss":"rests"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vide","lemma":"vide","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"predicative modifier of tête (s5-l3)","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking pensers","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"pensers","lemma":"penser","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies vide","gloss":"thoughts"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"une-martyre-s6-l3","source":"Un regard vague et blanc comme le crépuscule","translation":"a gaze vague and white as the twilight","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of regard","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"regard","lemma":"regard","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"vague","lemma":"vague","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies regard","gloss":"vague"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blanc","lemma":"blanc","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with vague","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking crépuscule","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of crépuscule","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"crépuscule","lemma":"crépuscule","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies regard","gloss":"twilight"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"une-martyre-s6-l4","source":"S'échappe des yeux révulsés.","translation":"escapes from the rolled-back eyes.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"révulsés","title":"«yeux révulsés»","body":"«révulsé» describes eyes turned violently upward or back so that mostly the whites show — 'rolled back, upturned'. «S'échappe» is the pronominal «s'échapper» ('to escape, to slip out'); from the dead, upturned eyes a vague white look still seems to escape."}],"words":[{"surface":"S'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on échappe","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"échappe","lemma":"échapper","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"escapes"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yeux (de + les, contracted)","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of échappe (source: des yeux)","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"révulsés","lemma":"révulser","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"clause modifying yeux","gloss":"rolled-back"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"une-martyre-s7-l1","source":"Sur le lit, le tronc nu sans scrupules étale","translation":"On the bed, the naked trunk, without scruple, spreads out","stanza":7,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"le tronc nu … étale","title":"«étaler» (transitive verb, delayed object)","body":"«étaler» means 'to spread out, to display, to lay bare'. «le tronc nu» (the naked trunk) is the subject and «étale» the verb; its object — «La secrète splendeur et la beauté fatale» — does not arrive until two lines down. «sans scrupules» ('without scruple, shamelessly') sets the body's brazen exposure even in death."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lit","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of lit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lit","lemma":"lit","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition Sur","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of tronc","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tronc","lemma":"tronc","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"trunk"},{"surface":"nu","lemma":"nu","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies tronc","gloss":"naked"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking scrupules","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"scrupules","lemma":"scrupule","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of sans, adverbial modifier of étale","gloss":"scruple"},{"surface":"étale","lemma":"étaler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spreads out"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"une-martyre-s7-l2","source":"Dans le plus complet abandon","translation":"in the most complete abandon","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking abandon","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of abandon","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plus","lemma":"plus","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies complet","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"complet","lemma":"complet","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies abandon","gloss":"complete"},{"surface":"abandon","lemma":"abandon","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase, object of Dans","gloss":"abandon"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"une-martyre-s7-l3","source":"La secrète splendeur et la beauté fatale","translation":"the secret splendor and the fatal beauty","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of splendeur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"secrète","lemma":"secret","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies splendeur","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"splendeur","lemma":"splendeur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"splendor"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of beauté","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"beauté","lemma":"beauté","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with splendeur","gloss":"beauty"},{"surface":"fatale","lemma":"fatal","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies beauté","gloss":"fatal"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"une-martyre-s7-l4","source":"Dont la nature lui fit don;","translation":"with which nature endowed her;","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dont la nature lui fit don","title":"«faire don de» + «dont»","body":"«faire don de qqch. à qqn» = 'to make a gift of something to someone, to endow with'. The relative «dont» replaces «de» + the splendor and beauty above: «la beauté … dont la nature lui fit don» = 'the beauty that nature gave her as a gift'. «fit» is the passé simple of «faire»; «lui» is 'to her'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun","role":"indirect object of fit","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of nature","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nature","lemma":"nature","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of fit","gloss":"nature"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of fit (her)","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"fit","lemma":"faire","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"don","lemma":"don","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of fit","gloss":"gift","note":"'faire don de' is an idiom, \"to give as a gift\" — rendered here as \"endowed.\""}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"une-martyre-s8-l1","source":"Un bas rosâtre, orné de coins d'or, à la jambe,","translation":"A pinkish stocking, trimmed with gold clocks, on the leg,","stanza":8,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"orné de coins d'or","title":"«coins» (of a stocking)","body":"«coin» normally means 'corner', but on hosiery the «coins» are the embroidered ornaments worked into the ankle of a stocking — what English calls the 'clocks'. «orné de coins d'or» = 'adorned with gold clocks'. «rosâtre» is 'pinkish', the «-âtre» suffix giving a faint, slightly unpleasant tinge to the color."}],"words":[{"surface":"Un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bas","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bas","lemma":"bas","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"stocking"},{"surface":"rosâtre","lemma":"rosâtre","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"modifies bas","gloss":"pinkish"},{"surface":"orné","lemma":"orner","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"clause modifying bas","gloss":"trimmed"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking coins","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"coins","lemma":"coin","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"oblique argument of orné","gloss":"clocks","note":"'coins' here are decorative clocks/embroidery on a stocking, not \"corners\" (false friend)."},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking or","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"or","lemma":"or","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies coins","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking jambe","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of jambe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jambe","lemma":"jambe","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies bas (locates it: on the leg)","gloss":"leg"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"une-martyre-s8-l2","source":"Comme un souvenir est resté;","translation":"has stayed on, like a keepsake;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of resté","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of souvenir","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"souvenir","lemma":"souvenir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of resté","gloss":"keepsake"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on resté","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"resté","lemma":"rester","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stayed on"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"une-martyre-s8-l3","source":"La jarretière, ainsi qu'un oeil secret qui flambe,","translation":"the garter, just like a secret eye that blazes,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ainsi qu'un oeil secret","title":"«ainsi que» (just as / like)","body":"«ainsi que» means 'just as, in the same way as, like' — here introducing a simile, not the additive 'as well as'. «La jarretière, ainsi qu'un oeil secret qui flambe» = 'the garter, like a secret eye that blazes'. «flamber» is 'to blaze, to flame up'; the jeweled garter glints like a watching, burning eye."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of jarretière","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jarretière","lemma":"jarretière","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"garter"},{"surface":"ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase ainsi","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of oeil","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"oeil","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"compared to jarretière (via ainsi que)","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"secret","lemma":"secret","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies oeil","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"qui","lemma":"qui","morphology":"pronoun","role":"subject of flambe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"flambe","lemma":"flamber","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative clause on oeil","gloss":"blazes"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"une-martyre-s8-l4","source":"Darde un regard diamanté.","translation":"darts a diamonded glance.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Darde un regard diamanté","title":"«darder» / «diamanté»","body":"«darder» means 'to dart, to shoot forth' (as a ray or a sting); «un regard» is 'a look, a glance'. «diamanté» is 'set with diamonds, diamond-bright'. The garter «darde un regard diamanté» — 'shoots out a diamonded glance' — the jewel turned into a glittering, almost menacing eye."}],"words":[{"surface":"Darde","lemma":"darder","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: jarretière, s8-l3)","gloss":"darts"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of regard","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"regard","lemma":"regard","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Darde","gloss":"glance"},{"surface":"diamanté","lemma":"diamanté","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies regard","gloss":"diamonded"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"une-martyre-s9-l1","source":"Le singulier aspect de cette solitude","translation":"The singular aspect of this solitude","stanza":9,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of aspect","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"singulier","lemma":"singulier","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies aspect","gloss":"singular"},{"surface":"aspect","lemma":"aspect","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"aspect"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking solitude","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"cette","lemma":"ce","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of solitude","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"solitude","lemma":"solitude","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies aspect","gloss":"solitude"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"une-martyre-s9-l2","source":"Et d'un grand portrait langoureux,","translation":"and of a great languorous portrait,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking portrait","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of portrait","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"grand","lemma":"grand","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies portrait","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"portrait","lemma":"portrait","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"portrait"},{"surface":"langoureux","lemma":"langoureux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies portrait","gloss":"languorous"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"une-martyre-s9-l3","source":"Aux yeux provocateurs comme son attitude,","translation":"with eyes as provoking as her posture,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Aux yeux provocateurs","title":"Descriptive «à» («with eyes…»)","body":"«à» + a body part describes a defining feature: «un portrait aux yeux provocateurs» = 'a portrait with provoking eyes'. «provocateur» here means 'provocative, inviting'. The portrait on the wall, as bold-eyed as the living woman once was, looks down on the murder scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aux","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking yeux","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"yeux","lemma":"oeil","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase, object of Aux","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"provocateurs","lemma":"provocateur","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies yeux","gloss":"provoking"},{"surface":"comme","lemma":"comme","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking attitude","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of attitude","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"attitude","lemma":"attitude","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"modifies provocateurs","gloss":"posture"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"une-martyre-s9-l4","source":"Révèle un amour ténébreux,","translation":"reveals a shadowy love,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Révèle","lemma":"révéler","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reveals"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of amour","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"amour","lemma":"amour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of Révèle","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"ténébreux","lemma":"ténébreux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies amour","gloss":"shadowy"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"une-martyre-s10-l1","source":"Une coupable joie et des fêtes étranges","translation":"a guilty joy and strange revels","stanza":10,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Une","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of coupable","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"coupable","lemma":"coupable","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies joie","gloss":"guilty"},{"surface":"joie","lemma":"joie","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking fêtes","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"fêtes","lemma":"fête","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"coordinated with joie","gloss":"revels"},{"surface":"étranges","lemma":"étrange","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies fêtes","gloss":"strange"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"une-martyre-s10-l2","source":"Pleines de baisers infernaux,","translation":"full of infernal kisses,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Pleines","lemma":"plein","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking baisers","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"baisers","lemma":"baiser","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Pleines","gloss":"kisses"},{"surface":"infernaux","lemma":"infernal","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies baisers","gloss":"infernal"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"une-martyre-s10-l3","source":"Dont se réjouissait l'essaim des mauvais anges","translation":"in which the swarm of evil angels delighted,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dont se réjouissait l'essaim","title":"«se réjouir de» + inverted subject","body":"«se réjouir de qqch.» is the pronominal 'to rejoice in, to delight in'. «dont» stands for «de» + the revels above, and the subject «l'essaim des mauvais anges» (the swarm of evil angels) is inverted after the verb: «Dont se réjouissait l'essaim…» = 'in which the swarm… delighted'. «essaim» = a swarm (of bees, of spirits)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dont","lemma":"dont","morphology":"pronoun","role":"oblique argument of réjouissait (in which)","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"se","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on réjouissait","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"réjouissait","lemma":"réjouir","morphology":"verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"delighted"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of essaim","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"essaim","lemma":"essaim","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of réjouissait","gloss":"swarm"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking anges","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"mauvais","lemma":"mauvais","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies anges","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"anges","lemma":"ange","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies essaim","gloss":"angels"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"une-martyre-s10-l4","source":"Nageant dans les plis des rideaux;","translation":"swimming in the folds of the curtains;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nageant","lemma":"nager","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"modifies essaim (s10-l3), describing it","gloss":"swimming"},{"surface":"dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking plis","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of plis","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"plis","lemma":"pli","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Nageant","gloss":"folds"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking rideaux","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"rideaux","lemma":"rideau","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies plis","gloss":"curtains"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"une-martyre-s11-l1","source":"Et cependant, à voir la maigreur élégante","translation":"And yet, to see the elegant leanness","stanza":11,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"à voir la maigreur élégante","title":"«à» + infinitive ('to judge by')","body":"«à» + infinitive can express the basis of an inference, 'on seeing, to judge by': «à voir la maigreur élégante» = 'to see / judging by the elegant leanness'. The construction launches a long conditional musing — looking at her slender shoulder and hip, the speaker wonders whether she was very young."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"cependant","lemma":"cependant","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies voir","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"introduces the clause of voir","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"voir","lemma":"voir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of maigreur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"maigreur","lemma":"maigreur","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"direct object of voir","gloss":"leanness"},{"surface":"élégante","lemma":"élégant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies maigreur","gloss":"elegant"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"une-martyre-s11-l2","source":"De l'épaule au contour heurté,","translation":"of the shoulder with its abrupt contour,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"De","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking épaule","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of épaule","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"épaule","lemma":"épaule","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"shoulder"},{"surface":"au","lemma":"au","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking contour","gloss":"with its"},{"surface":"contour","lemma":"contour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies épaule","gloss":"contour"},{"surface":"heurté","lemma":"heurter","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"modifies contour","gloss":"abrupt"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"une-martyre-s11-l3","source":"La hanche un peu pointue et la taille fringante","translation":"the slightly pointed hip and the dashing waist","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"la taille fringante","title":"«fringant»","body":"«fringant» means 'lively, frisky, dashing' — used of a spirited horse or a sprightly young person. «la taille fringante» gives the dead woman's waist a startling vitality, sharpened by the next line's simile, «comme un reptile irrité» (like an angry reptile)."}],"words":[{"surface":"La","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of hanche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hanche","lemma":"hanche","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hip"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"modifies peu","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"peu","lemma":"peu","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pointue","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"pointue","lemma":"pointu","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies hanche","gloss":"pointed"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of taille","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"taille","lemma":"taille","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with hanche","gloss":"waist"},{"surface":"fringante","lemma":"fringant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies taille","gloss":"dashing"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"une-martyre-s11-l4","source":"Ainsi qu'un reptile irrité,","translation":"like an angry reptile,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ainsi","lemma":"ainsi","morphology":"adverb","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"qu'","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of the phrase Ainsi","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of reptile","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"reptile","lemma":"reptile","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"reptile"},{"surface":"irrité","lemma":"irrité","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies reptile","gloss":"angry"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"une-martyre-s12-l1","source":"Elle est bien jeune encor! — Son âme exaspérée","translation":"she is still quite young! — Her exasperated soul","stanza":12,"audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Elle","lemma":"elle","morphology":"pronoun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of jeune","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"est","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to jeune","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"bien","lemma":"bien","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jeune","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"jeune","lemma":"jeune","morphology":"adjective, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"encor","lemma":"encor","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jeune","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"Son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of âme","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"âme","lemma":"âme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"subject of entr'ouverts (s12-l3, coordinated with sens, s12-l2)","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"exaspérée","lemma":"exaspérer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"modifies âme","gloss":"exasperated"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"une-martyre-s12-l2","source":"Et ses sens par l'ennui mordus","translation":"and her senses bitten by ennui","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"par l'ennui mordus","title":"Passive participle «mordus»","body":"«mordus» is the past participle of «mordre» (to bite), here used passively with «par»: «ses sens par l'ennui mordus» = 'her senses bitten by ennui'. The agent «par l'ennui» is fronted before the participle for the verse. «l'ennui» is Baudelaire's signature listless despair, the spleen that gnaws at the senses."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ses","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of sens","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"sens","lemma":"sens","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"senses"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ennui","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"l'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of ennui","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ennui","lemma":"ennui","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies sens","gloss":"ennui"},{"surface":"mordus","lemma":"mordre","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies sens (agent: par l'ennui)","gloss":"bitten"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"une-martyre-s12-l3","source":"S'étaient-ils entr'ouverts à la meute altérée","translation":"had they half-opened to the thirsting pack","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"S'étaient-ils entr'ouverts","title":"Pronominal pluperfect + interrogative inversion","body":"«s'entr'ouvrir» means 'to half-open, to open a little'. The form is the pluperfect of this pronominal verb with subject-verb inversion to mark a question: «S'étaient-ils entr'ouverts… ?» = 'had they half-opened… ?'. The subject «ils» is «Son âme… et ses sens»; the speaker asks whether soul and senses had opened to wandering desires."}],"words":[{"surface":"S'","lemma":"se","morphology":"pronoun, reflexive","role":"depends on entr'ouverts","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"étaient","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on entr'ouverts","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"-ils","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, plural","role":"subject of entr'ouverts","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"entr'ouverts","lemma":"entrouvrir","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence (with auxiliary étaient)","gloss":"half-opened","note":"'entr'ouverts' is an elided spelling of 'entrouverts' (from entrouvrir, to half-open)."},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking meute","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of meute","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"meute","lemma":"meute","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of entr'ouverts (à la meute)","gloss":"pack"},{"surface":"altérée","lemma":"altérer","morphology":"verb, past, participle, feminine, singular","role":"clause modifying meute","gloss":"thirsting"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"une-martyre-s12-l4","source":"Des désirs errants et perdus?","translation":"of wandering and lost desires?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Des","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of désirs","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"désirs","lemma":"désir","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"desires"},{"surface":"errants","lemma":"errant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"modifies désirs","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"perdus","lemma":"perdre","morphology":"adjective, masculine, plural","role":"coordinated with errants","gloss":"lost"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"une-martyre-s13-l1","source":"L'homme vindicatif que tu n'as pu, vivante,","translation":"The vengeful man whom you could not, while living,","stanza":13,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"que tu n'as pu, vivante","title":"«vivante» as a depictive adjective","body":"«vivante» ('living, alive') is feminine to agree with «tu» — the dead woman, now addressed directly. It is dropped in as a depictive: 'whom you could not, while alive, sate'. The object of «assouvir» (to sate) is «L'homme vindicatif» fronted at the head; «tu n'as pu» = 'you were unable to'."}],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of homme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"homme","lemma":"homme","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"vindicatif","lemma":"vindicatif","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies homme","gloss":"vengeful"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"pronoun, relative","role":"direct object of assouvir (referring to l'homme)","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"tu","lemma":"tu","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"subject of pu","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"n'","lemma":"ne","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies pu","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"as","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on pu","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"pu","lemma":"pouvoir","morphology":"verb, past, participle","role":"main verb of the relative clause (with infinitive assouvir, s13-l2)","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"vivante","lemma":"vivant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"complement of pu","gloss":"while living","note":"Concessive apposition to 'tu': \"while (you were) alive.\""}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"une-martyre-s13-l2","source":"Malgré tant d'amour, assouvir,","translation":"despite so much love, satisfy,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Malgré","lemma":"malgré","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tant","gloss":"despite"},{"surface":"tant","lemma":"tant","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of Malgré (tant d'amour)","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking amour","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"amour","lemma":"amour","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of tant","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"assouvir","lemma":"assouvir","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of pu (s13-l1), taking object l'immensité (s13-l4)","gloss":"satisfy"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"une-martyre-s13-l3","source":"Combla-t-il sur ta chair inerte et complaisante","translation":"did he glut, upon your inert and yielding flesh,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Combla-t-il","title":"«combler» + interrogative inversion","body":"«combler» means 'to fill to the brim, to glut, to fulfil completely'. The inverted «Combla-t-il… ?» (with the euphonic «-t-») = 'did he fill / glut… ?'. Its object is «L'immensité de son désir» in the next line: the speaker asks whether the murderer slaked on her dead flesh the whole immensity of his desire."}],"words":[{"surface":"Combla","lemma":"combler","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (object: l'immensité, s13-l4)","gloss":"did glut","note":"'Combla' is the passé simple of combler (to glut/fill), not a noun."},{"surface":"-t","lemma":"-t","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Combla","gloss":"[linking -t]"},{"surface":"-il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Combla","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking chair","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of chair","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"chair","lemma":"chair","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Combla (sur ta chair)","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"inerte","lemma":"inerte","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies chair","gloss":"inert"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"complaisante","lemma":"complaisant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with inerte","gloss":"yielding"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"une-martyre-s13-l4","source":"L'immensité de son désir?","translation":"the immensity of his desire?","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"L'","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of immensité","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"immensité","lemma":"immensité","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase; direct object of Combla (s13-l3)","gloss":"immensity"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking désir","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"son","lemma":"son","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of désir","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"désir","lemma":"désir","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies immensité","gloss":"desire"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"une-martyre-s14-l1","source":"Réponds, cadavre impur! et par tes tresses roides","translation":"Answer, impure corpse! and by your stiff tresses","stanza":14,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"tresses roides","title":"«roide» (archaic «raide»)","body":"«roide» is the older spelling of «raide», 'stiff, rigid, taut'. «tresses roides» are the corpse's stiffened braids. «Réponds» is the imperative of «répondre» (to answer); the speaker commands the severed head to answer, and the sentence runs on into the act of lifting it by the hair."}],"words":[{"surface":"Réponds","lemma":"répondre","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"answer"},{"surface":"cadavre","lemma":"cadavre","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"vocative, in apposition to the addressee (tu)","gloss":"corpse"},{"surface":"impur","lemma":"impur","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies cadavre","gloss":"impure"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"par","lemma":"par","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tresses","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of tresses","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"tresses","lemma":"tresse","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tresses"},{"surface":"roides","lemma":"roide","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies tresses","gloss":"stiff"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"une-martyre-s14-l2","source":"Te soulevant d'un bras fiévreux,","translation":"lifting you with a feverish arm,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Te soulevant","title":"«soulever» + present participle","body":"«soulever» means 'to lift, to raise up'. «Te soulevant» is its present participle with the object pronoun «te» before it: 'lifting you (up)'. The participle describes the speaker's action as he gives the next command — raising the head by its braids with a feverish arm to demand its answer."}],"words":[{"surface":"Te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"direct object of soulevant","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"soulevant","lemma":"soulever","morphology":"verb, present, participle","role":"present participle clause, subject il (s14-l3)","gloss":"lifting"},{"surface":"d'","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking bras","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"un","lemma":"un","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of bras","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"bras","lemma":"bras","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"oblique argument of soulevant","gloss":"arm"},{"surface":"fiévreux","lemma":"fiévreux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies bras","gloss":"feverish"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"une-martyre-s14-l3","source":"Dis-moi, tête effrayante, a-t-il sur tes dents froides","translation":"tell me, frightful head, did he, on your cold teeth,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dis-moi … a-t-il","title":"Imperative «dire» + inverted question","body":"«Dis-moi» is the imperative of «dire» with the stressed pronoun «moi» (the «me» of the imperative): 'tell me'. It is followed by an inverted yes/no question, «a-t-il… collé… ?» = 'did he press / glue… ?'. The two clauses together: 'tell me… did he press the last farewells onto your cold teeth?'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Dis","lemma":"dire","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"-moi","lemma":"moi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of Dis","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"tête","lemma":"tête","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, in apposition to the addressee","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"effrayante","lemma":"effrayant","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies tête","gloss":"frightful"},{"surface":"a","lemma":"avoir","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary, depends on Collé (s14-l4)","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"-t","lemma":"-t","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"[linking -t]"},{"surface":"-il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Collé (via a)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sur","lemma":"sur","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking dents","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"tes","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of dents","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"dents","lemma":"dent","morphology":"noun, feminine, plural","role":"oblique argument of Collé (sur tes dents froides)","gloss":"teeth"},{"surface":"froides","lemma":"froid","morphology":"adjective, feminine, plural","role":"modifies dents","gloss":"cold"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"une-martyre-s14-l4","source":"Collé les suprêmes adieux?","translation":"pressed the supreme farewells?","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Collé les suprêmes adieux","title":"«coller»","body":"«coller» means 'to glue, to stick, to press hard against'. «collé les suprêmes adieux» = 'pressed / planted the last farewells' — a final, glued-on kiss. «suprême» here is 'last, final, ultimate'. The grotesque question imagines the murderer kissing the dead mouth goodbye."}],"words":[{"surface":"Collé","lemma":"coller","morphology":"verb, past, participle, masculine, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (with auxiliary a, s14-l3)","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"les","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, plural","role":"determiner of adieux","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suprêmes","lemma":"suprême","morphology":"adjective, plural","role":"modifies adieux","gloss":"supreme"},{"surface":"adieux","lemma":"adieu","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"direct object of Collé","gloss":"farewells"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"une-martyre-s15-l1","source":"— Loin du monde railleur, loin de la foule impure,","translation":"— Far from the mocking world, far from the impure crowd,","stanza":15,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"monde railleur","title":"«railleur»","body":"«railleur» means 'mocking, jeering, given to ridicule' (from «railler», to mock). The em-dash opens the poem's last movement, a hushed funeral blessing: «Loin du monde railleur… Dors en paix» — far from the sneering world, sleep in peace. The repeated «loin de» piles up everything the dead woman is now spared."}],"words":[{"surface":"Loin","lemma":"loin","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking monde","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Loin","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"railleur","lemma":"railleur","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"modifies monde","gloss":"mocking"},{"surface":"loin","lemma":"loin","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase (parallel to Loin, w1)","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking foule","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of foule","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"foule","lemma":"foule","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of loin","gloss":"crowd"},{"surface":"impure","lemma":"impur","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies foule","gloss":"impure"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"une-martyre-s15-l2","source":"Loin des magistrats curieux,","translation":"far from the prying magistrates,","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Loin","lemma":"loin","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking magistrats","gloss":"from the"},{"surface":"magistrats","lemma":"magistrat","morphology":"noun, masculine, plural","role":"modifies Loin","gloss":"magistrates"},{"surface":"curieux","lemma":"curieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies magistrats","gloss":"prying"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"une-martyre-s15-l3","source":"Dors en paix, dors en paix, étrange créature,","translation":"sleep in peace, sleep in peace, strange creature,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dors en paix","title":"Imperative of «dormir»","body":"«Dors» is the familiar (tu) imperative of «dormir» (to sleep). The doubled «Dors en paix, dors en paix» = 'sleep in peace, sleep in peace' takes the cadence of a graveside benediction, the murderous scene resolving into a tender lullaby addressed to the «étrange créature»."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dors","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (repeated)","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paix","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"paix","lemma":"paix","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of Dors (en paix)","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"dors","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"en","lemma":"en","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking paix","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"paix","lemma":"paix","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"oblique argument of dors","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"étrange","lemma":"étrange","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies créature","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"créature","lemma":"créature","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"vocative, addressing the martyr","gloss":"creature"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"une-martyre-s15-l4","source":"Dans ton tombeau mystérieux;","translation":"in your mysterious tomb;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Dans","lemma":"dans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking tombeau","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of tombeau","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"tombeau","lemma":"tombeau","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"tomb"},{"surface":"mystérieux","lemma":"mystérieux","morphology":"adjective, masculine","role":"modifies tombeau","gloss":"mysterious"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"une-martyre-s16-l1","source":"Ton époux court le monde, et ta forme immortelle","translation":"Your husband roams the world, and your immortal form","stanza":16,"audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"court le monde","title":"«courir le monde»","body":"«courir le monde» is an idiom, 'to roam the world, to wander far and wide'. Here «Ton époux court le monde» = 'your husband roams the world' — the killer (ironically named «époux», husband) is far away, while the dead woman's «forme immortelle» keeps watch over him: a bitter inversion of marital fidelity."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ton","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, singular","role":"determiner of époux","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"époux","lemma":"époux","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"court","lemma":"courir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"roams"},{"surface":"le","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of monde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"monde","lemma":"monde","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of court","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ta","lemma":"ton","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of forme","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"forme","lemma":"forme","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with époux (subject)","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"immortelle","lemma":"immortel","morphology":"adjective, feminine, singular","role":"modifies forme","gloss":"immortal"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"une-martyre-s16-l2","source":"Veille près de lui quand il dort;","translation":"keeps watch beside him when he sleeps;","audio":null,"notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Veille","lemma":"veiller","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"keeps watch"},{"surface":"près","lemma":"près","morphology":"adverb","role":"part of the compound preposition près de","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"de","lemma":"de","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking lui","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"lui","lemma":"lui","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"object of de","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"quand","lemma":"quand","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of dort","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dort","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"dort","lemma":"dormir","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quand-clause","gloss":"sleeps"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"une-martyre-s16-l3","source":"Autant que toi sans doute il te sera fidèle,","translation":"as much as you, no doubt, he will be faithful to you,","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"il te sera fidèle","title":"«être fidèle à» + irony","body":"«être fidèle à qqn» = 'to be faithful to someone'; «il te sera fidèle» = 'he will be faithful to you'. «Autant que toi» ('as much as you') makes the closing barb mutual and ironic: he will be as faithful to you as you were to him — that is, constant only «jusques à la mort», unto death, the death he dealt you."}],"words":[{"surface":"Autant","lemma":"autant","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sera fidèle (comparative)","gloss":"as much"},{"surface":"que","lemma":"que","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the comparison with toi","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"toi","lemma":"toi","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"elliptical term of comparison (as you [are])","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sans","lemma":"sans","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking doute","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"doute","lemma":"doute","morphology":"noun, masculine, singular","role":"object of sans","gloss":"doubt","note":"'sans doute' is an idiom meaning 'no doubt, undoubtedly'."},{"surface":"il","lemma":"il","morphology":"pronoun, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sera","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"te","lemma":"te","morphology":"pronoun, singular","role":"indirect object of sera","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"sera","lemma":"être","morphology":"auxiliary verb, future, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"copula linking to fidèle","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"fidèle","lemma":"fidèle","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"predicate adjective, complement of sera","gloss":"faithful"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"une-martyre-s16-l4","source":"Et constant jusques à la mort.","translation":"and constant unto death.","audio":null,"notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"jusques à la mort","title":"«jusques» (poetic «jusqu'à»)","body":"«jusques» is an archaic, poetic variant of «jusqu'à» ('until, as far as'), the extra «-s» often added in verse before a vowel for the meter. «constant jusques à la mort» = 'constant unto death' — the poem's last words, where the language of wedding vows turns into the language of murder."}],"words":[{"surface":"Et","lemma":"et","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"constant","lemma":"constant","morphology":"adjective, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with fidèle (previous line)","gloss":"constant"},{"surface":"jusques","lemma":"jusque","morphology":"preposition","role":"part of the compound preposition jusques à","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"à","lemma":"à","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking mort","gloss":"unto"},{"surface":"la","lemma":"le","morphology":"determiner, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of mort","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mort","lemma":"mort","morphology":"noun, feminine, singular","role":"object of the preposition jusques à","gloss":"death"}]}]}